velocidades superiores a la de la luz

9HORFLGDGHV6XSHULRUHVDODOX]
,QWHUPHGLR)LORVy¿FR9,
³(QWRQFHVGLMR'LRV³KiJDVHODOX]´\IXHKHFKDODOX]´
/D%LEOLD*pQHVLV
9(/2&,'$'(6683(5,25(6$/$'(/$/8=
9DULDVYHFHVKHUHFLELGRFRQVXOWDVVROLFLWDQGRPLLQWHUSUHWDFLyQDFHUFDGHDOJXQRV
H[SHULPHQWRVTXHPRVWUDUtDQODH[LVWHQFLDGHYHORFLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVDODGHODOX]
1RPHVLHQWRHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHGLVFXWLUDIRQGRHVWDVH[SHULHQFLDV3HURORTXH
VtSXHGRSODQWHDUHVXQDQiOLVLVGHORTXHSDVDUtDFRQODUHODWLYLGDGVLH[LVWLHUDQ
YHORFLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVDF
<ODUHVSXHVWDHVVLPSOH1$'$
<QRVHWUDWDGHXQDUHVSXHVWDHPRFLRQDOVLQRGHXQDQiOLVLVSHUIHFWDPHQWHUDFLRQDO
/DWHRUtDDWyPLFDQRVHGHUUXPEyFXDQGRDSDUHFLHURQSDUWtFXODVVXEDWyPLFDV
UHFRUGHPRVTXHiWRPRVLJQL¿FD³LQGLYLVLEOH´<WDPSRFRVXIULyPXFKRFXDQGR
VHSRVWXODURQ4XDUNV6XSHUFXHUGDV7ZLVWRUVHWF
6HQFLOODPHQWHKXERTXHDPSOLDUOD
<HQUHDOLGDGVHUHIRU]yHOFRQFHSWRGHOiWRPRFOiVLFRGHVGHHOPRPHQWRTXHVH
HQWHQGLyFyPRHVWDEDFRQVWLWXLGR(OiWRPRSDVyDVHUDOJRHQWHQGLEOH\QRXQD
PHUDKLSyWHVLVGHWUDEDMR
$XQTXHH[LVWDQHOHFWURQHVSURWRQHVQHXWURQHV\FLHQWRVGHPHVRQHVQHXWULQRV
\RWUDV\HUEDVQDGLHGXGDGHODH[LVWHQFLDGHiWRPRVGHKLHUURTXHVLJXHQREH
GHFLHQGRDODVOH\HVTXtPLFDVFRQYHQFLRQDOHV(QUHDOLGDGDKRUDWHQHPRVPiV
FODURORTXHHVXQiWRPRGHKLHUUR\SRUTXpWLHQHODVSURSLHGDGHVTXHWLHQH\SRU
TXpKD\WDQWRVRWDQSRFRVFRPRKD\HQHO8QLYHUVRFRQRFLGR
<OD5HODWLYLGDGQRSXHGHQRHVTXH\RQRTXLHUDVLQRTXH1238('(GHUUXP
EDUVHSRUTXHDSDUH]FDQYHORFLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVDODGHODOX]'HKHFKRVLWXYLHUD
TXHYRWDUFUHRTXHLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHH[LVWHQHVDVYHORFLGDGHV£3HURHVRQRGHVWUX\H
OD5HODWLYLGDG
$XQTXHVHORJUHWUDQVPLWLUFLHUWRWLSRGHLQIRUPDFLyQDPD\RUYHORFLGDGTXHODGHODOX]
HVRQRLQYDOLGDODVIyUPXODVUHODWLYLVWDV/DPDVDQRYDFDPELDUFRQODYHORFLGDGGHXQD
PDQHUDGLIHUHQWHQLODVRWUDVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHOD5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDOYDQDFDPELDU
+DVWDGRQGH\RHQWLHQGR\FUHRTXHORH[SOLFRHQGHWDOOHHQHVWDREUDODVHFXD
FLRQHVTXHGHVFULEHQHOPXQGRUHDOREHGHFHQDTXHODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVGHWRGRV
ORVGtDVJUDYHGDGLQHUFLDHWFVHULJHQSRUORVNPV
6LVHGHVFXEUHXQDQXHYDYtDPiVUiSLGDTXHLQYROXFUHRWURWLSRGHSURSLHGDGHV
GHOXQLYHUVRHVSUREDEOHTXHMXHJXHFRQVXVSURSLDVUHJODVSHURHVRQRYDD
DIHFWDUODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVTXHVHPDQHMDQDFWXDOPHQWH'HOPLVPRPRGRHOPXQGR
VXEDWyPLFRQRFDPELyODVYHORFLGDGHVGHODVUHDFFLRQHVTXtPLFDV
<VLODUHODWLYLGDGGLROXJDUDIyUPXODVGHYDOLGH]LQGLVFXWLEOHEDViQGRVHHQLQ
3iJLQD
9HORFLGDGHV6XSHULRUHVDODOX]
WHUDFFLRQHVWUDQVPLWLGDVDYHORFLGDGFVLJQL¿FDTXHVHYDDVHJXLUDSOLFDQGRD
DTXHOODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVTXHVHUHJXOHQFRQODYHORFLGDGF3RGUiQDSDUHFHUQXHYDV
YHORFLGDGHV\OH\HVGHLQWHUDFFLyQSHURODVH[LVWHQWHVQRSXHGHQFDPELDUSRUHOOR
6HQFLOODPHQWHODVSRGUHPRVHQWHQGHUPHMRUFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHIHQyPHQRV
PiVSURIXQGRV
+DFLHQGRXQDDQDORJtDUXGLPHQWDULDODVVHxDOHVVRQRUDVQRVHYHQDIHFWDGDVHQ
YHORFLGDG\RFRQVHFXHQFLDVSRUTXH\RDEUDRFLHUUHORVRMRVTXHPDQHMDQXQD
LQIRUPDFLyQTXHYLDMDPiVUiSLGR
5HVXPLHQGR/D5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDOGHVFULEHPX\ELHQHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGH
ORVREMHWRVVRPHWLGRVDLQWHUDFFLRQHVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDV<VLDSDUHFHQRWUDVLQ
WHUDFFLRQHV«ODVHFXDFLRQHVGHOD5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDOVHJXLUiQVLHQGRYiOLGDV
SDUDODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDV
7DPELpQVHPHKDSUHJXQWDGRSRUODLPSOLFDQFLDGHYLDMHVHQHOWLHPSRDVRFLDGRV
DYHORFLGDGHVVXSHUOXPtQLFDV(QHVWHSXQWRSXHGRGHFLUTXHPHHQFDQWDQODV
QRYHODVGHFLHQFLD¿FFLyQUD]RQDEOHPHQWHFRQVLVWHQWHVSHURHQFXDQWRDFDVRV
UHDOHV«VyORSXHGRIUXQFLUODQDUL]
3RUUD]RQHVGHFRQVLVWHQFLDQRHVUD]RQDEOHDFHSWDUTXHODUHODWLYLGDGGHVFULEH
HOPXQGRGHODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVUHDOHVUHJLGDVSRUF\GHVSXpVGHFLUTXHVHSXHGH
YLDMDUREMHWRVPDWHULDOHVVRPHWLGRVDODVOH\HVGHOD5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDOPiV
UiSLGRTXHODOX](VRFRQGXFHLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHDSDUDGRMDV<ORVYLDMHVHQHO
WLHPSRVRQHVR3DUDGRMDVGLYHUWLGDV
6LVHSXHGHQHQYLDU³FRVDV´PiVUiSLGRTXHFHQWRQFHVSRUGH¿QLFLyQHVDV
FRVDVQRREHGHFHQDOD5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDO\SRUORWDQWRQRSXHGHQYLRODUOD
SRUTXHFXPSOHQRWUDVUHJODV
1RWD&XDQGRD¿UPRTXHOD5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDOQRUHVXOWDUtDDIHFWDGDSRU
HOGHVFXEULPLHQWRGHYHORFLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVDFPHUH¿HURDODVHFXD
FLRQHVGHOD5HODWLYLGDG(VSHFLDO&RPR\DKHFRPHQWDGRHQHODSDUWDGR
GHGLFDGRDODVIRWRJUDItDV³PiJLFDV´HQFDVRGHGLVSRQHUVHGHWUDQVPLVLyQ
GHLQIRUPDFLyQDYHORFLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVDFODHTXLYDOHQFLDUHDOGHORV
GLIHUHQWHVVLVWHPDVLQHUFLDOHVUHVXOWDUtDLQVRVWHQLEOH
3iJLQD