Essential-Grammar-in-Use

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C a m b r id g e
T e re n c e
Essential
Grammar
in Use
SECOND
EDITION
Raymond Murphy
A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
elementary
students of
English
with answers
Contents
To the student
To the teacher
Thanks
Unit
1 a m /is /a re
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a m /is /a r e (questions)
I a m d o in g (present continuous)
are y o u doing? (present continuous questions)
I d o /w o rk /lik e etc. (present simple)
I d o n ’t ... (present simple negative)
D o you ... ? (present simple questions)
I a m d o in g and I d o (present continuous and present simple)
I have ... / I ’ve g o t ...
10 w a s/w e re
11
12
13
14
w o r k e d /g o t/w e n t etc. (past simple)
I d id n ’t ...
D id you ... ? (past simple negative and questions)
I w as d o in g (past continuous)
I was d o in g (past continuous) and I d id (past simple)
15
16
17
18
19
20
I have d o n e (present perfect 1)
I ’ve ju s t ...
I ’ve alread y ...
I h a v e n ’t ... yet (present perfect 2)
H ave you ever ... ? (present perfect 3)
H o w lo n g have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
fo r
since
ago
I have d o n e (present perfect) and I d id (past simple)
21 is d o n e
w as d o n e (passive 1)
22 is b e in g d o n e
has b e e n d o n e (passive 2)
23 b e /h a v e /d o in present and past tenses
24 Regular and irregular verbs
25 I used to ...
26
27
28
29
W h at are you d o in g to m o rro w ?
I ’m g o in g to ...
w ill/sh all (1)
w ill/sh all (2)
30
31
32
33
34
35
m ig h t
can and c o u ld
m u st
m u s tn ’t
n e e d n ’t
should
I have to ...
W ould you like ... ?
I ’d like ...
36 th e re is
th e re are
37 th ere w a s/w e re
th e re h a s/h a v e b e e n
38 I t . . .
th e re will be
39 I a m
I d o n ’t etc.
40 H av e you?
A re you?
D o n ’t you? etc.
41 to o /e ith e r
so a m I / n e ith e r d o I etc.
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
isn ’t
h a v e n ’t
d o n ’t etc. (negatives)
is i t ... ?
have y o u ... ?
d o th ey ... ? etc. (questions-1)
W h o saw you?
W h o d id you see? (questions 2)
W h o is she ta lk in g to?
W h a t is it like? (questions 3)
W h a t ... ?
W h ic h ... ?
H o w ... ?
H o w lo n g d oes it tak e ... ?
D o you k n o w w h e re ... ?
I d o n ’t k n o w w h a t ... etc.
49 She said t h a t ...
[4 ]
H e to ld m e th a t ...
50
51
52
53
w o rk /w o rk in g
g o /g o in g
d o /d o in g
to ... (I w a n t to do) and - in g (I e n jo y doing)
I w a n t you to ...
I to ld y o u to ...
I w e n t to th e sh o p to ...
54
55
56
57
g o to ...
g o o n ...
g et
d o and m a k e
have
58
59
60
61
62
63
I /m e
h e /h im
th e y /th e m etc.
m y /h is /th e ir etc.
W h o se is this?
It’s m in e /y o u r s /h e r s etc.
I /m e /m y /m in e
m y se lf/y o u rse lf/th e m se lv e s etc.
-*s (A nn’s camera / m y b r o th e r ’s car) etc.
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
a /a n ...
flower(s)
bus(es) (singular and plural)
a c a r / so m e m o n e y (countable/uncountable 1)
a c a r / so m e m o n e y (countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and th e
th e ...
go to w o rk / g o h o m e / go to th e c in e m a
I like m u sic
1 hate ex am s
t h e . . . (names o f places)
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e
o n e /o n e s
s o m e and any
n o t + any
no
none
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e /a n y th in g
n o b o d y /n o - o n e /n o th in g
s o m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h e re etc.
every and all
all
m o st
som e
an y
n o /n o n e
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r
a lo t
m uch
m any
(a) little
(a) few
go f o r ...
g o -in g
r
84 o ld /n ic e /in te re s tin g etc. (adjectives)
85 q u ic k ly /b a d ly /s u d d e n ly etc. (adverbs)
86 o ld /o ld e r
expensive / m o re expensive
87 o ld e r th a n ...
m o re expensive th a n ...
88 n o t as ... as
89 th e o ld est
th e m o s t expensive
90 e n o u g h
91 to o
92
93
94
95
He speaks E n g lish very well, (word order 1)
a lw a y s/u su a lly /o fte n etc. (word order 2)
still
y et
alread y
Give m e th a t b o o k !
Give it to m e!
96 a t 8 o ’clo c k
o n M o n d ay
in A p ril
97 fro m ... to u n til
since
fo r
98 b e fo re
a fte r
d u r in g
w hile
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
in
at
o n (places 1)
in
at
o n (places 2)
to
in
a t (places 3)
under
b e h in d
o p p o s ite etc. (prepositions)
up
over
th ro u g h etc. (prepositions)
on
at
by
w ith
a b o u t (prepositions)
a fra id o f . . .
g o o d a t ... etc.
preposition H-'-ing (good a t - i n g etc.)
listen to ...
lo o k a t ... etc. (verb + preposition)
107 go in
fall o f f
ru n aw ay etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
108 p u t o n your shoes
p u t your shoes o n (phrasal verbs 2)
109
110
111
112
113
114
and
but
W h e n ...
Ifw e g o ...
I f I h a d ...
a person w h o
the people w e
or
so
b ecau se
I f y o u s e e ... etc.
I f w e w e n t ... etc.
...
a thing th a t/w h ic h ... (relative clauses 1)
m et
the hotel y o u stayed a t (relative clauses 2)
Appendices
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Active and passive
239
List o f irregular verbs
240
Irregular verbs in groups
241
Short forms (he’s / I ’d / d o n ’t etc.)
242
Spelling
244
Phrasal verbs (look o u t / tak e o f f etc.)
246
Phrasal verbs + object (fill in a form / p u t o u t a fire etc.)
Additional exercises
248
Key to Exercises
265
Key to Additional exercises
index
247
293
296
[5
To the student (working without a teacher)
This is a grammar book for elementary students o f English. There are 114 units in
the book and each unit is about a different point o f English grammar. There is a list
o f units at the beginning o f the book (Contents).
D o not study all the units in order from beginning to end. It is better to choose the
units that you need to do. For example, if you have a problem with the present
perfect (I have been, he has done etc.), use the Index (at the back o f the book) to find
the unit (or units) you need to study (Units 15-20 for the present perfect).
Each unit is two pages. T he information is on the left-hand page and the exercises
are on the right:
You can use the book in this way:
1
2
3
4
5
Look in the Contents a n d /o r Index to find the unit that you need.
Study the left-hand page (information).
D o the exercises on the right-hand page.
Use the Key to check your answers.
Study the left-hand page again if necessary.
D o n ’t forget the seven Appendices at the back o f the book (pages 239-247). These
will give you inform ation about active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short
forms, spelling and phrasal verbs.
There are also Additional exercises at the back o f the book (pages 248-264). There is
a list o f these exercises on page 248.
[6]
To the teacher
The most im portant features o f this book are:
• It is a grammar book. It deals only w ith gram m ar and is not a general course
book.
• It is a book for elementary learners. It does not cover areas o f grammar which
are not normally taught at elementary level.
• It combines reference and exercises in one volume.
• It can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material.
Organisation of the book
There are 114 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area o f
grammar. T he material is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses,
questions and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty, and should
therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). T he book
should not be worked through from beginning to end. T he units are listed in the
Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end o f the book.
Each unit has the same format consisting o f two facing pages. T he grammar
point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding
exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendices (pages 239-247) dealing with
active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling and
phrasal verbs. It might be useful for teachers to draw students’ attention to these.
This new edition o f Essential Grammar in Use also contains a set o f Additional
exercises (pages 248-264). These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing
together grammar points from a num ber o f different units (mainly those
concerning verb forms). There are 33 exercises in this section and there is a full list
on page 248.
Finally, there is a Key at the back o f the book (pages 265-295) for students to
check their answers. An edition w ithout the Key is also available for teachers w ho
would prefer their students to use this.
Level
T he book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very little English, but 1
would not expect it to be used from the first day o f a course for complete
beginners. It is intended mainly for elementary students w ho are beyond the very
earliest stages o f a beginners’ course. It could also be used by lower in termediate
learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects o f their English or w ho have
problems with particular areas o f ‘elem entary’ grammar.
T he explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as
simple and as short as possible. T he vocabulary used in the examples and exercises
has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level.
Using the book
T he book can be used by students working alone (see To the student) or as
supplementary course material. In either case the book can serve as an elementary
grammar book.
[7
W hen used as course material, the book can be used for immediate
consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole
class or by individual students needing extra help and practice.
In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and
explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have been w ritten for
individual study and reference. In most cases, it would probably be better for the
teacher to present the grammar point in his/her preferred way w ith the exercises
being done for hom ework. T he left-hand page is then available for later reference
by the student.
Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In
this case, individual students or groups o f students can be directed to the
appropriate units for self-study and practice.
Changes from the first edition
T he main changes from the first edition are:
• There are six new units:
U nit 16 present perfect + just/already/yet
U nit 22 passive (is being done / has been done)
U nit 25 I used to ...
U nit 56 do and make
U nit 57 have
U nit 112 i f I had ... / if we w ent... etc.
There is also a new appendix on active and passive forms (Appendix 1).
• Some o f the material has been revised and reorganised. For example, the
content o f Units 99-100 (in/at/on) in the new edition corresponds to U nit 94
and part o f U nit 96 in the old edition.
• Some units have been redesigned, for example U nit 41 (originally 39) and
U nit 54 (originally 52).
• Some o f the units have been reordered and (after U nit 8) nearly all units have
a different num ber from the original edition. A few units have been moved to
different parts o f the book. For example, U nit 50 (work /working etc.) was
originally U nit 34.
• Many o f the left-hand pages have been rewritten and many o f the examples
changed. In a few cases there are significant changes to the content, for
example U nit 51 (originally 47), U nit 73 (originally 68) and U nit 82
(originally 77).
• Many o f the original exercises have been modified or completely replaced
with new exercises (for example, Units 4 and 5).
• There is a new section o f Additional exercises at the back o f the book (see
Organisation of the book above).
[8]
Thanks
For their help in producing this new edition o f Essential Grammar in Use, I would
like to thank Jeanne M cCarten, Noirin Burke, Liz Driscoll, Chris Hamilton-Emery,
Geraldine Mark, Jane Walsh, Pam Murphy, R u th Carim and Lelio Pallini.
Drawings by Richard Deverell, Richard Eckford, Sue Hillw ood-H arris and
Amanda MacPhail.
Book design b y Peter Ducker M S T D .
am/is/are
(M y name is Lis<u)
m n o t marrieX)
0 m
(I ’m American. I’m from C h ic a g o .^
^/M y favourite colour is blue.)
( P m a s tu d e n t.) ^ • ,
I My favourite sports are
football and swimming.
M y father is a doctor and my
m other is a journalist.
positive
I
I’m interested in a rt.)
LISA
negative
I
a m (I’m )
he
she is
it.
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
we ■
(we’re)
you . are (you’re)
(they’re)
they
am n o t
he
she is
it .
not
we •
you . are n o t
they
(I’m not)
(he’s n o t
(she’s n o t
(it’s n o t
or
or
or
he isn ’t)
she isn ’t)
it isn ’t)
(we’re n o t
(you’re n o t
(they’re n o t
or
or
or
we a re n ’t)
you a re n ’t)
they a re n ’t)
• I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?
• I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
• M y brother is very tall. Pie’s a policeman.
•J o h n is afraid o f dogs. W '
• It’s ten o ’clock. You’re late again.
• Ann and I are good friends.
• Your keys are on the table.
I’m o-fraui
o f do <£>. J
• I’m tired but I’m n o t hungry.
• Tom isn ’t interested in politics. H e’s interested in music.
•Ja n e isn ’t at hom e at the m om ent. She’s at work.
• Those people a re n ’t English. T hey’re Australian.
• It’s sunny today but it is n ’t warm.
that’s = that is
there’s = there is
here’s = here is
• Thank you. T hat’s very kind o f you.
• Look! T here’s Chris.
• ‘H ere’s your key.’ ‘Thank you.’
Thank
a m /is /a r e (questions) =>
th e r e is /a r e =>
UNIT 3 6
a / a n =>
UNIT 6 4
U N IT
1
/T '
EXERCISES
^ 1 .1
Write the short form (she’s /w e aren’t etc.).
1 she i s ...she-s
2 they are .............................
r ^ 1 .2
1.3
r-v
1.4
5
Look! T h e r e .......... Carol.
My brother and I .......... good tennis players.
A n n ...........at home. H er children............at school.
I ...........a taxi driver. My sister............a nurse.
(your shoes very dirty)
Your shoes fM'e(my brother a teacher) M y ..............................................................................................................
(this house not very b ig ).....................................................................................................................
(the shops not open today) .................................................................................................................
(my keys in my b a g )....................................................................................... ......................................
(Jenny 18 years o ld ).............................................................................................................................
(you not very tall)....................................................................................................... .......... ..............
(name?)
(from?)
(age?)
(job?)
M y ..............................................
I ..................................................
I ..................................................
I ..................................................
6
1 .................................................
/;W
Write sentences for the pictures. Use:
1
2 T h e y ..................................
>1.6
5
6
7
8
Look at Lisa’s sentences (Unit 1A). Now write sentences about yourself.
1
2
3
4
1.5
The weather
nice today.
I .......... not tired.
This b a g .......... heavy.
These bags.......... heavy.
Write full sentences. Use is/isn’t/are/aren’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
^
5 j am n o t ............................
6 you are n o t .......................
Put in am, is or are.
1
2
3
4
_
3
n o t ..............................
4 that i s .................................
afraid
angry
(favourite colour or colours?)
M y ...........................................
7 (interested in...?)
I .................................................
o W , oy *
cold
hot
3 H e ......................................
4 .............................................
hungry
ttarsty
AfnK
5
6
Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use a m /a m n o t / is / is n ’t/a r e / a r e n ’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(I / interested in politics)
ifr interegte<i<(OR Tin nofc in te re s te d ) m pottfcic s .
(I / hungry) I .................................................................................................................
(it / warm today) It
............................................................................................
(I / afraid o f dogs) ..........................................................................................................
(my hands / cold) ..........................................................................................................
(Canada / a very big country) .....................................................................................
(diamonds / cheap) .......................................................................................................
(I / interested in football) .............................................................................................
(Rome / in Spain) ...................... .................................................................... .............
[ 11]
UNIT
2
am/is/are (questions)
question
positive
W h a t’s your name? )
I
am
he
she
it
is
we '
you are
they ,
•
•
•
•
•
We say:
•
•
B
am
I?
( David
’ he?
is ‘ she?
. it?
' we?
are you?
. they?
A re you m arried?)
( N o , I’m .single.\
M - / H o w o ld are you?")
t
A re y o u a student?)
‘A m I late?’ ‘N o, y o u ’re on time.’
‘Is y o u r m o th e r at hom e?’ ‘N o, sh e ’s out.’
‘A re y o u r p a re n ts at hom e?’ ‘No, th e y ’re out.’
‘Is it cold in your room ?’ ‘Yes, a little.’
Y our shoes are nice. A re th e y new?
GEY
(Yes, I am.)
V iV e r Or
Is she at home? / Is y o u r m o th e r at home? (not ‘Is at hom e your m other?’)
A re th ey new? / A re y o u r shoes new? (not ‘Are new your shoes?’)
W h ere ... ? / W h a t ... ? / W h o ... ? / H o w ... ? / W hy ... ?
• W h e re is your mother? Is she at home?
• ‘W h e re are you from?’ ‘Canada.’
• ‘W h a t c o lo u r is your car?’ ‘It’s red.’
• ‘H o w o ld is Joe?’ ‘H e’s 24.’
• H o w are your parents? Are they well?
• W hy are you angry?
• ‘H o w m u c h are these postcards?’ ‘Fifty pence.’
what’s = w hat is
w ho’s = w ho is
how ’s = how is
• W h a t’s the time?
• W h o ’s that man?
• W h e re ’s Jill?
• H o w ’s your father?
P.
short answers
Yes, I a m .
No, I’m n o t.
Yes,-^ she >is.
No,
' he’s
she’s
it’s
f we 1
Yes, < you Sare.
[ thevj
No,
' we ‘ w e’re
you’re • n o t. or No, - you • a re n ’t.
, they’re.
they.
f he 1
•
•
•
•
•
[12]
w here’s - where is
• he '
• n o t. or No, ■ she isn ’t.
. it .
‘A re y o u tired?’ ‘Yes, I a m .’
‘A re y o u hungry?’ ‘N o, I ’m n o t but I’m thirsty.’
‘Is y o u r frie n d English?’ ‘Yes, h e is.’
y s ty '
‘Axe these y o u r keys?’ ‘Yes, th e y a re .’
‘T h a t’s my seat. ‘N o, it isn ’t.’
a m / is /a r e :
q u e s tio n s :
w h a t /w h i c h /h o w :
,
^
.
^
v ‘
**
n
U N IT
EXERCISES
2.1
Find the right answers for the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
r \
2 .2
r~-
3
4
5
6
7
2.4
London.
No, I’m not.
Yes, you are.
My sister.
Black.
No, it’s black.
In your bag.
N o, she’s American.
Very well.
(at hom e / your mother?)
(your parents / well?)
(interesting / your job?)
(the shops / open today?)
(interested in sport / you?)
(near here / the post office?)
(at school / your children?)
(why / you / late?)
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
Is ycwr moWier ab Home?
Are your parents well?
...H.?W. AT®-.... your parents?
............................................................. the bus stop?
> ........................................................... your children?
........................................................... these oranges?
............................................... your favourite sport?
.................................. the man in this photograph?
....................................................... your new shoes?
They’re very well.
At the end o f the street.
Five, six and ten.
£ 1.20 a kilo.
Skiing.
T hat’s my father.
Black.
Write the questions. (Read the answers first.)
(name?) WHat’s yowr ncume?
(married or single?) ...................
(American?) ...............................
(how old?) ..................................
(a teacher?) .................................
(wife a lawyer?)...........................
(from?) ........................................
(her name?) ................................
(how old?) ..................................
2.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Complete the questions. Use W hat... / W ho... /W h e re ... /H o w ...
1
r \
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Make questions with these words. Use is or are.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2.3
W here’s the camera?
Is your car blue?
Is Linda from London?
Am I late?
W here’s A nn from?
W hat colour is your bag?
Are you hungry?
H ow is George?
W h o ’s that woman?
Paul.
I’m married.
No, I’m Australian.
I’m 30.
N o, I’m a lawyer.
N o, she’s a designer.
She’s Italian.
Anna.
She’s 27.
PAUL
Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn’t, etc.).
1 Are you married? ..No^J.TO.M0fc....................
2 Are you thirsty? .............................................
3 Is it cold today? ..............................................
4 Are your hands cold?
5 Is it dark now? ..........
6 Are you a teacher? ...
[13
I am doing (present continuous)
W ere
running
V
She’s eating.
She isn ’t re a d in g
It’s rain in g .
T he sun isn ’t shining.
T hey’re ru n n in g .
They a re n ’t w alking.
T he present continuous is:
a m /is /a r e + d o in g /e a tin g /ru n n in g /w ritin g etc.
I
am
(not)
-in g
he
she
it
we
you
they
I is
J
]
L a re
J
(not)
-in g
(not)
-in g
I’m w orking.
Chris is w riting a letter.
She isn ’t eating, (or She’s n o t eating.)
T he phone is ringing.
We’re having dinner.
You’re n o t listening to me. (or You a re n ’t ...)
T he children are doing their hom ework.
a m /is /a r e + -in g = something is happening now:
I’m w orking
she’s w earing a hat
they’re playing football
I’m not w atching television
p a s t --------------------------------------------------------•
•
•
•
•
•
now
--------------------------------------------------------- future
Please be quiet. I’m w orking. (= I’m working now)
Look at Sue! She’s w earing her new hat. ( - she is wearing it now)
T he weather is nice at the m om ent. It’s n o t raining.
‘W here are the children?’ ‘T hey’re playing in the park.’
(on the phone) W e’re having dinner now. Can you phone again later?
You can turn off the television. I’m n o t w atching it.
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
com e —» com ing
run —> running
lie —> lying
a m / is /a r e =>
w rite —> w ritin g
dance —> dancing
sit —> sitting
sw im —» sw im m ing
are y o u d o in g ? (questions) =>
W h a t are y o u d o in g to m o r r o w ? =S>
UNIT 2 6
I a m d o in g a n d I d o => UJJJJ
U N IT
EXERCISES
3.1
What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:
eat
have
lie
play
sit
w ait
1 She s eating an ;1pple.
2 H e ............................. ...... ..... .....for a bus.
3 T h e y ............................................ football.
3.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.3
3.4
cook
go
have
stan d
stay
sw im
w o rk
Please be quiet. I..**!...
‘W here’s John?’ ‘H e’s in the kitchen. H e ...............................................’
‘Y o u ............................ .................on my foot.’ ‘O h, I’m sorry.’
Look! S om ebody........................................ .....in the river.
W e’re here on holiday. W e ..............................................at the Central Hotel.
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘S h e ..............................................a shower.’
T h e y ............................................. a new theatre in the city centre at the m oment.
I ............................................. now. Goodbye.
Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She’s -ing or She isn’t -ing.
JANE
r \
............................on the floor.
breakfast.
on the table.
Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs:
b u ild
n-
4
5
6
(have dinner) . J«*ie Isn’t H
•
(watch television) She s woichlng tetevlsion.
(sit on the floor) S h e ...........................................
(read a book) ...........................................................
(play the piano) ...................................... .......... .....
(laugh) .....................................................................
(wear a hat) .............................................................
8 (write a letter)
What’s happening at the moment? Write true sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(I / wash / my hair) ....!>.. not
Hair,
(it / snow)
It’s snowing. OR It Isn’t snowing .
(I / sit / on a chair) ........... ...........................................
(I / eat) ............................................................................
(it / rain) ........................
(I / learn / English) ....
(I / listen / to music) ....
(the sun / shine) ..........
(I / wear / shoes) .........
10 (I / read / a newspaper)
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
question
positive
I
am
am
doing
w orking
going
staying
he "j
she > is
it 1
we l
you I are
they J
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
f he
is i she
I it
r we
are J you
[ they
etc.
doing?
working?
going?
staying?
etc.
‘A re you feeling OK ?’ ‘Yes, I’m fine, thank you.’
‘Is it raining?’ ‘Yes, take an umbrella.’
W hy are you w earing a coat? It’s not cold.
‘W hat’s Paul doing?’ ‘H e’s reading the newspaper.’
‘W hat are the children doing?’ ‘T hey’re w atching television.’
Look, there’s Sally! W here’s she going?
W ho are you w aiting for? A re you w aiting for Sue?
Study the word order:
is /a re + subject
W here
W here
Is
Is
are
are
+
-in g
w o rk in g today?
he
w o rk in g today? (not ‘Is working Paul today?’)
Paul
going?
they
those people going? (not ‘W here are going those people?’)
short answers
No, I’m n o t.
Yes, 1 a m .
he '
she is.
. it .
Yes,
we
Yes, you • are.
they.
•
•
•
•
No,
h e’s
she’s
it’s
he '
■n o t. or No, • she isn ’t.
. it .
we’re
we
No,- you’re - n o t. or N o, ■ you a re n ’t.
they.
they’re.
‘A re you going now?’ ‘Yes, I a m .’
‘Is Paul w orking today?’ ‘Yes, h e is.’
‘Is it raining?’ ‘N o, it isn ’t . ’
‘A re your friends staying at a hotel?’ ‘No, th e y a re n ’t. They’re staying w ith me.’
I a m d o in g :
UNIT 3
W h a t are y o u d o in g to m o r r o w ? => 1UNIT 2 6
q uestions => | units 4 3 -4 6
U N IT
4
EXERCISES
4.1
Look at the pictures and write the questions.
(you/go/now ?)
you/watch/it?)
Kre. you watching ib]
Yes, see you
tomorrow.
No, not at
?i the moment,
No, you can
turn it off.
(you/enjoy/the film?)
(that clock/work?)
Yes, it’s
very
funny.
4.2
6 f (you/w rite/a letter?)
No, it’s
broken.
Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use one of these:
c ry
eat
go
la u g h
lo o k a t
re a d
..
•vv'.s:'J
2 _EX|T
4 .3
Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 .4
Yes, to
my sister.
(working / Paul / today?) ...!.?.
^
.?.
(what / doing / the children?)
(you / listening / to me?). ....................................................................................................................
(where / going / your friends?) ..........................................................................................................
(your parents / television / watching?) .............................................................................................
(what / cooking / Ann?) .....................................................................................................................
(why / you / looking / at me?) ............................................................................................... ..........
(coming / the bus?) ...................................................................................,..........................................
Write short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn’t, etc.)
1 Are you watching T V ? ...N®j...L.ro
....
2 Are you wearing a w a tc h ? ..................................
3 Are you eating som ething?................................
4 Is it raining?..............................................
5 Are you sitting on the flo o r?..................
6 Are you feeling w ell?...............................
f17
I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
They’re looking at their books.
They rea d a lot.
H e’s eating an ice-cream.
H e likes ice-cream.
They read / he likes / I w o rk etc. = the present simple:
I/w e/y o u /th ey
re a d
like
w o rk
live
w atch
do
have
h e /sh e /it
reads
likes
works
lives
watches
does
has
Rem em ber:
he works / she lives / it rains etc.
• I w o rk in a shop. M y b r o th e r w o rk s in a bank. (not ‘M y brother work’)
• L in d a lives in London. H e r p a re n ts live in Scotland.
• I t rain s a lot in winter.
I have —> h e /sh e /it has:
• J o h n has a shower every day.
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
-es after -s / -sh / -ch:
-y —> -ies:
also:
pass —> passes
finish —>finishes
study —» studies
try —> tries
do —> does
go —> goes
watch —» watches
We use the present simple for things that arc true in general, or for things that happen
sometimes or all the time:
• 1 like big cities.
• The shops o p e n at 9 o ’clock and close at 5.30.
• Tim w o rk s very hard. He sta rts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o ’clock in the evening.
• The Earth goes round the Sun.
• We d o a lot o f different things in our free time.
• It costs a lot o f m oney to stay at luxury hotels.
a lw a y s/n e v e r/o fte n /s o m e tim e s /u s u a lly + present simple
• Sue alw ays arriv es at work early. (not ‘Sue arrives always’)
• I usually go to work by car but sometimes I w alk. (not ‘I go usually’)
• Julia never eats breakfast.
• Tom lives near us. We o fte n see him.
I d o n ’t ... (negative) =>
D o y o u ... ? (questions) =
a lw a y s/u s u a lly / o f t e n etc. (w o rd order) => UNIT 93
>
I a m d o in g and I d o =>
EXERCISES
Write these verbs + -s or -es.
1 (read) she
....
2 (think) h e .........................
3 (fly)
it .........................
4 (dance) h e .......................
5 (have) she
6 (finish) it ...
Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs:
eat
go
live
play
play
sleep
1 ...H&.Pl^s... the piano.
2 They .............................in a very big house.
3
a lot o f fruit.
4 ................................................................tennis.
5 .......................................... to the cinema a lot.
6 ..........................................eight hours a night.
Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
boil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
close
co st
c o st
like
like
m eet
open
sp e a k
tea c h
w ash
Margaret ..$1*58®.?... four languages.
In Britain the banks usually............................at 9.30 in the m orning.
The City M useum ............................at 5 o’clock in the evening.
Tina is a teacher. S h e ............................mathematics to young children.
My job is very interesting. I .............,..............a lot o f people.
P e ter........................... his hair twice a week.
Food is expensive. I t ............................a lot o f money.
Shoes are expensive. T h e y ............................a lot o f money.
W ater............................at 100 degrees Celsius.
Julia and I are good friends. I ............................her and s h e ............................. me.
Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue alw ays arrives e a rly ....
(basketball / I / play / often) I ..........................................................................................................
(work / Margaret / hard / usually) .......... .........................................................................................
(Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) ............................................................................. .................
(dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30) ........................................................ ................................ ....
(television / Tim / watch / never) .................................................. ..................................................
(like / chocolate / children / usually) ...............................................................................................
(Julia / parties / enjoy / always) .........................................................................................................
Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/sometimes/usually.
1
2
3
4
5
(watch television) I never watch t elevision. / I usually watch television in the evening, (e tc .)
(read in bed) I .................................. ..................... ..................................... ..........................................
(get up before 7 o’clock) ....... ........................;....................................................................................
(go to work/school by bus) ....................... -.......................................................................................
(drink coffee) .........................................................................................................................................
I don’t ... (present simple negative)
She d o e s n ’t d rin k coffee.
positive
negative
I
we
you
they
w o rk
like
do
have
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
works
likes
does
has
he
she
it
•
•
•
•
•
•
He d o e s n ’t like his job.
do not
(d o n ’t)
d o es n o t
(d o esn ’t)
work
like
do
have
I d rin k coffee but I d o n ’t d rin k tea.
Sue d rin k s te a but she d o e s n ’t d rin k coffee.
You d o n ’t w o rk very hard.
We d o n ’t w a tc h television very often.
T he weather is usually nice. It d o e s n ’t ra in very often.
G erry and Linda d o n ’t k n o w many people.
Rem ember:
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e /sh e /it
d o n ’t ...
d o e s n ’t ...
• I d o n ’t like football.
• H e d o e s n ’t, like football.
• I d o n ’t like Fred and F re d d o e s n ’t like me. (not ‘Fred don’t like’)
• M y c a r d o e s n ’t use m uch petrol. (not ‘My car d on’t use’)
• Sometimes he is late but it d o e s n ’t happen very often.
We use d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t + infinitive (don’t like / doesn’t sp e ak / doesn’t d o etc.):
•
•
•
•
I d o n ’t like washing the car. I d o n ’t d o it very often.
Sandra speaks Spanish but she d o e s n ’t sp eak Italian. (not ‘doesn’t speaks’)
Bill d o e s n ’t d o his job very well. (not ‘Bill doesn’t his jo b ’)
Paula d o e s n ’t usually have breakfast. (not ‘doesn’t ... has’)
I d o /w o r k /lilc e etc. (present sim ple) =>
D o y o u . . . ? (present sim ple questions) =>
UNIT
EXERCISES
6.1
Write the negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
6 .2
I play the piano very well.
Jane plays the piano very well.
They know my phone number.
We work very hard.
He has a bath every day.
You do the same thing every day.
I d on’t pUMfth e piano verq well.
J a n e .......................................................
Study the information and write sentences with like.
1
Bill a nd Rose tike classical music..
C a ro l...............................................................
I ............................................ classical music.
2 Bill and R o s e .................................................
C arol................................................................
1...................................................................
Carol
1 classical music?
2 boxing?
3 horror films?
6.3
Write about yourself. Use: I never... or I often... or I don’t ... very often.
1 (watch TV)
2
3
4
5
6.4
(go to the theatre)
(ride a bicycle)
(eat in restaurants)
(travel by train)
Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don’t/doesn’t + one of these verbs:
c o st
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6.5
waich Ty...very often. (ORI
.... OR..!..o
:)
..............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................. ...............
..............................................................................................................
......................................................................... .....................................
go
know
r ead
see
use
w ear
I buy a newspaper every day but sometimes I
r e a d jt
Paul has a car but h e ..............................................it very often.
They like films but th e y ..............................................to the cinema very often.
Amanda is married but s h e ..............................................a ring.
I ..............................................much about politics. I’m not interested in it.
It’s not an expensive hotel. I t ..............................................much to stay there.
Brian lives near us but w e ..............................................him very often.
Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Margaret ..SSSfls&L. four languages —English, French, G erm an and Spanish, (speak)
I
like my job. It’s very boring, (like)
‘W here’s Martin?’ ‘I’m sorry. I ...............................................’ (know)
Sue is a very cpiet person. S h e ..............................................very much, (talk)
J im ..............................................a lot o f tea. It’s his favourite drink, (drink)
It’s not true! I ..............................................it! (believe)
T hat’s a very beautiful picture. I ..............................................it very much, (like)
Mark is a vegetarian. H e ..............................................meat, (eat)
[21
U N IT
■ lU
A
Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
We use d o /d o e s in present simple questions:
positive
B
question
I
we
you
they
w o rk
like
do
have
he
she
it
works
likes
does
has
I
we
you
they
do
w ork?
like?
do?
have?
he
she
it
does
Study the word order:
d o /d o e s + subject
W here
H ow often
W hat
H ow much
Do
Do
D oes
do
do
does
does
+
infinitive
w o rk
live
play
live?
w ash
m ean?
c o st
you
your friends
Chris
your parents
you
this word
it
in the evening?
near here?
tennis?
your hair?
to fly to R om e?
Questions with alw a y s/u su a lly /o fte n :
W hat
Do
D oes
do
you
Chris
you
always
o fte n
usually
have
play
do
breakfast?
tennis?
at weekends?
W h a t d o you do? = W hat’s your job?:
• ‘W h a t d o you do?’ ‘I work in a bank.’
Rem em ber:
d o I/w e/y o u /th ey ...
does h e /s h e /it...
• D o th ey like music?
• D o e s h e like music?
short answers
I/w e/y o u /th e y do.
Yes, ---------------------------------h e /sh e /it does.
•
•
•
•
[22]
1/w e /y o u /th e y
d o n ’t.
N o,
h e/sh e/it
d o e s n ’t.
‘D o y o u play tennis?’ ‘No, I d o n ’t.’
‘D o y o u r p a re n ts speak English?’ ‘Yes, th e y do.’
‘D o e s G e o rg e work hard?’ ‘Yes, h e does.’
‘D o e s y o u r sister live in London.’ ‘N o, she d o e s n ’t.’
I d o / w o r k / l ik e etc. =>
I d o n ’t ... (negative) =>
questions =>
UNITS 4 3 -4 6
EXERCISES
Write questions with D o ...? and Does ...?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I like chocolate. And you?
I play tennis. And you?
Tom plays tennis. And A nn?
You live near here. And your friends?
You speak English. And your brother?
I do exercises every m orning. And you?
Sue often goes away. And Paul?
I want to be famous. And you?
You work hard. And Linda?
Do you Like- cHocoUie?
.................y o u ...................
.................A n n ..................
Write questions. Use the words in brackets (...) + do/does. Put the words in the right order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
....
(where / live / your parents?)
(you / early / always / get up?)
...9®
^
...
(how often / TV / you / watch?)
............... .......................... ................ .
(you / want / w hat / for dinner?)
............. .................................................
(like / you / football?)
..............................................................
(your brother / like / football?)
......................................... .....................
(what / you / do / in the evenings?)
..............................................................
(your sister / work / where?)
..............................................................
(to the cinema / often / you / go?)
..............................................................
(what / mean / this word?)
..............................................................
(often / snow / it / here?)
..............................................................
(go / usually / to bed / what time / you?) ............... ...............................................
(how m uch / to phone N ew York / it / cost?)
14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what?)
Complete the questions. Use these verbs:
do
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
enjoy
go
like
sta rt
W h a t.
aow 4-°.?
...................................................... it?
W hat tim e .............................................. in the morning?
................................................ ,....on Saturdays?
H o w ..................................................... to work?
And your husband. W h a t............................... ................ ?
W h a t................... ................................. ?
........ ............................................. his job?
Write short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I don’t, etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
Do you watch TV a lot? . No^ I (ion t . OR Yes, I do.
D o you live in a big city? ....................................................
Do you often ride a bicycle? ..............................................
Does it rain a lot where you live?
Do you play the piano? ................
teach
w o rk
I work in a bookshop.
It’s OK.
At 9 o ’clock.
Sometimes.
Usually by bus.
H e’s a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.
I am doing and I do
(present continuous and present simple)
Jim is watching television.
He is not playing the guitar.
But Jim has a guitar.
He often plays it and he plays very well.
Jim plays the guitar
but he is n o t p lay in g the guitar now.
Is he p lay in g the guitar?
D o e s h e play the guitar?
N o , h e isn ’t.
Yes, he does.
(present continuous)
(present simple)
Present continuous (I a m d o in g ) —now, at the time o f speaking:
I’m doing
past
•
•
•
•
•
future
NOW
Please be quiet. I’m w orking. (not ‘I w ork’)
Tom is having a shower at the m om ent, (not ‘Tom has’)
Take an umbrella with you. It’s raining.
You can turn off the television. I’m not w atching it.
W hy are you under the table? W hat are you doing?
Present simple (I do) —in general, all the time or sometimes:
--------------------------------p a st ------------------------------------
•
•
•
•
•
I do
now
-------------------------
future
--------------------------
I w o rk every day from 9 o ’clock to 5.30.
Tom h as a shower ever)7m orning.
It rain s a lot in winter.
I d o n ’t w a tc h television very often.
W hat d o you usually d o at the weekend?
We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I a m -ing):
like
p refe r
Use the
•
•
•
love
h a te
w ant
need
know
m ean
u n d e rs ta n d
believe
rem em b er
fo rg e t
present simple only w ith these verbs (I w a n t / d o y o u like? etc.):
I’m tired. I w a n t to go home. (not ‘I’m wanting’)
‘D o you k n o w that girl?’ ‘Yes, but 1 d o n ’t r e m e m b e r her name.’
I d o n ’t u n d e rs ta n d . W hat d o you m ean?
p resen t c o n tin u o u s :
UNITS 3 -4
present sim ple :
UNITS 5 -7
p re sen t for the future =
depend
U N IT
EXERCISES
8.1
8
Answer the questions about the pictures.
1
.-O.
I’m o.
photographer.
Is he taking a photograph? N . 0 > . . ...
1 Does he take photographs? Yes> He <loes ....
W hat is he doing? He’s havmg a, b a ih , ...
2 Is she driving a bus?............................................. Does she drive a bus? ......................................
W hat is she doing? ................................................................................................................................
3 Does he clean w indow s?..................................... Is he cleaning a w in d o w ? ...............................
W hat is he doing?..................................................................................................................................
4 Are they teaching?..............................................
D o they tea c h ? .................................................
W hat do they d o ? ..................................................................................................................................
8.2
C\
Put in am /is/are or do/don’t/does/doesn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.3
Excuse me, ...4®....you speak English?
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘I ............................know.’
W hat’s funny? W h y ............................you laughing?
‘W h a t............................your sister do?’ ‘She’s a dentist.’
I t ........................... raining. I ............................. want to go out in the rain.
‘W h e re ........................... you come from?’ ‘Canada.’
H ow m u c h ............................it cost to phone Canada?
George is a good tennis player but h e ............................play very often.
Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or the present simple (I do).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Excuse me.
y°w spe&k (you/speak) English?
‘W here’s Tom?’ ‘...He. s..j^Y.wg.... (he/have) a shower.’
(I/not/w atch) television very often.
Listen! S om ebody................................................. (sing).
Sandra is tired.......................................................(she/want) to go hom e now.
H ow o fte n ................................................. (you/read) a newspaper?
‘Excuse me b u t ................................................. (you/sit) in my place.’ ‘O h, I’m sorry.’
I’m sorry,................................................. (I/not/understand). Can you speak more slowly?
It’s late.................................................... (l/g °) hom e now. ..............................................................
(you/come) with me?
W hat tim e .................................................................(your father / finish) work in the evenings?
You can turn off the radio.....................................................(I/not/listen) to it.
‘W here’s Paul?’ ‘In the kitchen.....................................................(he/cook) something.’
M a rtin .......................................................................................... (not/usually/drive) to work. He
................................................. (usually/walk).
S u e ............................................ (not/like) coffee..................................................(she/prefer) tea.
[25
U N IT
I have . . . / I ’ve g o t.
You can say I have or I ’ve got, h e has or h e ’s got:
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
•
•
•
•
•
have
OR
I
we
you
they
has
OR
he
she
it
have g o t
(I’ve got)
(we’ve got)
(you’ve got)
(they’ve got)
has g o t
(he’s got)
(she’s got)
(it’s got)
I’ve g o t blue eyes, (or I have blue eyes.)
T im has g o t two sisters, (or T im has two sisters.)
O u r car has g o t four doors.
Diane isn’t feeling well. She’s g o t a headache, (she’s got = she has got)
They like animals. T h e y ’ve g o t a horse, three dogs and six cats.
I h a v e n ’t g o t / have you got? etc.
negative
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
question
have n o t
(haven’t)
have
got
has n o t
(hasn’t)
has
short answers
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
Yes,
No,
I
we
you
they
have.
h a v e n ’t.
Yes,
No,
he
she
it
has.
h a s n ’t.
got?
I’ve g o t a m otor-bike but I h a v e n ’t g o t a car.
M r and Mrs Harris h a v e n ’t g o t any children.
It’s a nice house but it h a s n ’t g o t a garden.
‘H ave you g o t a camera?’ ‘N o, I h a v e n ’t.’
‘W hat have you g o t in your bag?’ ‘N othing. It’s empty.’
‘H as Ann g o t a car?’ ‘Yes, she has.’
W hat kind o f car h as she got?
I d o n ’t have / d o you have? etc.
In negatives and questions you can also use d o /d o e s ... :
• They d o n ’t have any children. (— They h a v e n ’t g o t any children.)
• It’s a nice house but it d o e s n ’t have a garden. (= it h a s n ’t g o t a garden)
• D o es Ann have a car? (= H as Ann g o t a car?)
• H ow m uch m oney d o 'you have? (= H ow m uch m oney have you got?)
h a d / d id n ’t h a v e (past) =>
[2 6 ]
s o m e /a n y =>
unit 7 5
h a v e b r e a k fa st / h a v e a s h o w e r etc. =>
unit 57
U N IT
EXERCISES
9.1
Write the short form (we’ve got / he hasn’t got etc.).
1 we have got ...W?:.Y®:..9Pfc...
2 he has got .........................
9.2
Hqy&jjow gob a n umbrella,?
What has Tina got?
What have you got?
Look at the information
and write sentences
about Tina and
yourself.
1
2
3
4
9 .4
5 it has g o t ........
6 I have not got
Write questions.
(you / an umbrella?)
(you / a passport?)
(your father / a car?)
(Carol / many friends?)
(you / any brothers or sisters?)
(how m uch m oney / we?)
9.3
3 they have g o t ....................
4 she has not g o t .................
(a camera) ..Tina Has got a c ^ e r a . ( V e got (ORJ L H a v a V j ; o ^ e r a , ,
(a bicycle) Tina ................................................................................................................
(long hair) ........................................................................................... .............................
(brothers/sisters) .............................................. ................... ........................................... .
Put in have got (’ve got), has got (’s got), haven’t got or hasn’t got.
I Sarah
fc got a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.
2
3
sms.
4
5
'h ats wrong?
I ........................................something in my eye.
'here’s my pen?’ ‘I don’t know. I ........................................it.’
6
7 Julia wants to go to the concert but s h e ........................................a ticket.
9.5
Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven’t/hasn’t got + one of these:
a lot o f friends
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
four wheels
six legs
a -h eadache
a toothache
a key
much time
I’m not feeling very well. I
It’s a nice house but it
a garden.
M ost c a rs.......................................................................
Everybody likes Tom. H e .................
I’m going to the dentist this m orning. I
H e can’t open the door. H e ..............
An in se c t.................................................
We must hurry. W e ............................
[27
U N IT
10
was/were
N ow R o b ert is at work.
At m idnight last night he
w a sn ’t at work.
H e w as in bed.
H e w as asleep.
a m /is
•
•
•
(present) —> w as (past):
I a m tired, (now)
W here is Ann? (now)
The weather is good today.
I w as tired last n ig h t.
W here was Ann yesterday?
T he weather w as good last w eek.
are (present) —> w ere (past):
• You are late, (now)
• They a re n ’t here, (now)
B
You w ere late yesterday.
They w e re n ’t here last Sunday.
positive
negative
I
he
she
it
was
I
he
she
it
was n o t
(w asn’t)
w ere
we
you
they
w ere n o t
(w eren’t)
we
you
they
•
•
•
•
question
was
w ere
I?
he?
she?
it?
we?
you?
they?
Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
W hen I w as a child, I w as afraid o f dogs.
We w ere hungry after the journey but we w e re n ’t tired.
T he hotel w as comfortable but it w a sn ’t expensive.
• Was the weather good w hen you w ere on holiday?
• Those shoes are nice. W ere they expensive?
• W hy w ere you late this morning?
short answers
I/he/she/it was.
Yes,
I/he/she/it w a sn ’t.
No,
w e/you/they w ere.
we/you/they w e re n ’t.
• ‘W ere you late?’ ‘No, I w a sn ’t.’
• ‘Was T ed at work yesterday?’ ‘Yes, h e was.’
• ‘W ere Sue a n d Steve at the party?’ ‘No, th ey w e re n ’t.’
[28]
a m /is /a r e
UNITS 1 -2
I w a s d o in g
U N IT
^
10
EXERCISES
10.1
Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon?
\ .George w a s un bedL
2 Carol and J a c k ..............................................
3 Sue .................................................................
"10 .2
Put in am /is/are (present) or was/were (past).
-v
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10.3
Last year she .WAS... 22, so she .*£... 23 now.
Today the w eather................ nice, but yesterday i t ..................very cold.
I ................ hungry. Can I have something to eat?
1 feel fine this m orning but 1 ................ very tired last night.
W h e re ................. you at 11 o ’clock last Friday morning?
D o n ’t buy those shoes. T h e y ................ very expensive.
I like your new jacket......................it expensive?
This time last year I ................ in Paris.
‘W h e re .............. the children?’ ‘I don’t know. T h e y ................ in the garden ten minutes ago.’
Put in was/were or wasn’t/w eren’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
10.4
4
5 ............................................................................
6 And you? I ....................................................
We weren’t happy with the hotel. O ur room ...was., very small and it ...wash t... very clean.
G eo rg e................ at work last week because h e ..................ill. H e’s better now.
Yesterday................ a public holiday so the shops..................closed. They’re open today.
‘................ Sue and Bill at the party?’ ‘S u e ..................there but B ill...................’
‘W here are my keys?’ ‘I don’t know. T h e y ................ on the table but they’re not there now.’
Y ou................ at hom e last night. W h e re ..................you?
Write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...) in the correct order + was/were.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(late / you / this m orning / why?)
WViy were you Labe,..ttois.ropmmg?.
T he traffic was bad.
(difficult / your exam?)
N o, it was easy.
(last week / where / Ann and Chris?)
They were on holiday.
(your new camera / how much?)
1 *-Sixty pounds.
(angry / you / yesterday / why?)
Because you were late.
(nice / the weather / last week?)
Yes, it was beautiful.
[29J
U N IT
11
A
worked/got/went etc. (past simple)
They
w a tc h
television every evening.
(present simple)
They w a tc h e d
television yesterday evening.
(past simple)
w a tc h e d is the past simple:
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
w atched
T he past simple is often - e d (regular verbs). For example:
work —> w orked
stay —>stayed
•
•
•
•
clean —> cleaned
arrive —» arrived
start —>started
dance —» danced
I clean my teeth every m orning. This m orning 1 cleaned my teeth.
Terry w orked in a bank from 1986 to 1993.
Yesterday it rained all m orning. It stopped at lunchtime.
We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot o f people.
The party finished at midnight.
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
try —» tried
study —> studied
copy —> copied
stop —> stopped
plan —> planned
Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). T he past simple is not -e d . Here are some im portant
irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2—3):
begin —» b e g a n
break
b ro k e
b ro u g h t
bring
b u ilt
build
bought
buy
catch
caught
come
cam e
d id
do
d ra n k
drink
eat
ate
fall -> fell
fo u n d
find
flew
fly
forget
fo rg o t
get
got
gave
give
w
ent
g°
have
had
hear
h e a rd
know
knew
leave -> left
lose
lo st
m ade
make
m et
meet
p a id
pay
put
put
read
rea d /re d /*
ring
ra n g
said
say
see
saw
sell -» sold
sit
sat
sleep
slept
speak
spoke
stand
s to o d
take
to o k
tell
to ld
think
th o u g h t
win
won
write
w ro te
pronunciation
•
•
•
•
[30]
I usually get up early but this m orning I g o t up at 9.30.
We d id a lot o f work yesterday.
Caroline w e n t to the cinema three times last week.
Jim c a m e into the room, to o k off his coat and sat down.
w as/w ere :
UNIT 10
I d id n ’t ... / D id y o u ... ? (negative a n d questions) => ;unit 1 2
a g o => UNIT 19
U N IT
11
EXERCISES
11-1
Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
clean
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11.2
enjoy
finish
happen
open
ra in
s ta rt
stay
w ant
I cleam d, . my teeth three times yesterday.
It was hot in the room, so 1 ............................the window.
The c o n c ert............................at 7.30 a n d ............................. at 10 o ’clock.
W hen I was a child, I ............................to be a doctor.
The accident........................... last. Sunday afternoon.
It’s a nice day today but yesterday i t ............................all day.
W e ........................... our holiday last year. W e ............................. at a very nice place.
Ann’s grandfather............................w hen he was 90 years old.
Write the past simple of these verbs.
1 get .
2 see .
3 play
11*3
die
4 pay ......................
5 visit ....................
6 buy .....................
7 go ...
8 think
9 copy
10 know
11 put ...
12 speak
Read about Lisa’s journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.
r\
Last Tuesday Lisa (1)
from London to Madrid. She (2 ).................. up
at six o ’clock in the m orning and (3 )..................a cup o f coffee. At 6.30
she (4 )..................hom e and (5 )................... to the airport. W hen she
(6) .................., she (7 ).................. the car and then (8) ................... to the airport
cafe where she (9 )..................breakfast. T hen she (1 0 )................... through
passport control and (1 1 )..................for her flight. T he plane (1 2 )...................
on time and (1 3 )..................in M adrid two hours later. Finally she
(1 4 )..................a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre o f M adrid.
11.4
Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11.5
fly, get
have
leave, drive
arrive, park, go
have, go
wait, depart
arrive
take
Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday .
to workby cat .
Rachel often loses her keys. S h e ...................................................................................... last week.
Kate meets her friends every evening. She ..................................................... yesterday evening.
I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I ......................................................................
We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday w e ............................................................
I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ................................................................................................
Tom always has a shower in the m orning. This m orning h e .........................................................
O ur friends come to see'us every Friday. They ........................................................... last Friday.
Write sentences about what you did yesterday.
1
2
3
I ploy eA yolLeybaJi yesfcercLoy.
.................................................
......................................
4
5 ..........................................................................
6 ................................. .........................................
[31
U N IT
12
A
I didn’t ...
Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)
We use d id in past simple negatives and questions:
infinitive
positive
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
play
start
watch
have
see
do
go
negative
played
started
watched
had
saw
d id
w ent
l
we
you
they
he
she
it
question
d id n o t
(d id n ’t)
B
d o /d o e s (present) —» did (past):
• I d o n ’t watch television very often.
• I d id n ’t watch television yesterday.
• D oes she often go away?
• D id she go away last w eek?
c
We use d id /d id n ’t + infinitive (w a tc h /p la y /g o etc.):
play
start
watch
have
see
do
go
d id
I w atched but I d id n ’t w a tc h (not ‘I didn’t watched’)
they w e n t
d id they go?
(not ‘did they went?’)
he h ad
he d id n ’t have
you d id
d id you do?
• I played tennis yesterday but I d id n ’t w in.
• ‘D id you d o the shopping?’ ‘No, I d id n ’t have time.’
• We w e n t to the cinema but we d id n ’t enjoy the film.
D
Study the word order in questions:
did + subject
What
How
W here
D id
did
did
d id
+
your sister
you
the accident
your parents
infinitive
phone
do
hap p en ?
go
you?
yesterday evening?
for their holiday?
short answers
I/w e/y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
•
•
•
•
‘D id
D id
‘D id
‘D id
, .
No,
h e/sh e/it
d id „ .t .
you see Joe yesterday?’ ‘No, I d id n ’t.’
it rain on Sunday?’ ‘Yes, it did.’
H e le n come to the party?’ ‘No, she d id n ’t.’
y o u r p a re n ts have a good holiday?’ ‘Yes, th ey did.’
w o r k e d / g o t / w e n t etc. (past sim ple) =>
UNIT 11
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
play?
start?
watch?
have?
see?
do?
go?
U N IT
12
EXERCISES
12.1
Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1
2
3
4
12.2
I saw Barbara but I ...4*4*}..^...?®*...Jane.
They worked on Monday but th e y ........................................on Tuesday.
We went to the post office but w e ........................................to the bank.
She had a pen but s h e ........................................any paper.
Jack did French at school but h e ........................................German.
Write questions with Did ...?
1
2
3
4
5
12.3
/"V
12.4
I watched TV last night. And you?
I enjoyed the party. And you?
I had a good holiday. And you?
I finished work early. And you?
I slept well last night. And you?
...
.y?**.
TV
nkjHt ?
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(Watch TV)
(get up before 7 o’clock)
(have a shower)
(buy a magazine)
(eat meat)
(go to bed before 10.30)
OR. |
I
Write B’s questions. Use:
arriv e
r '
c o st
go
go to b e d late
happen
have a n ice tim e
stay
w in
l A: We went to N ew York last m onth.
BPW s ta y ?
B: W here
A: With some friends.
5 A: We came hom e by taxi.
B: H ow much .....................................
A: Ten pounds.
?
2 A: I was late this m orning.
B: W hat tim e ............................................ ?
A: H alf past nine.
6 A: I’m tired this m orning.
B: ..........................................................
A: No, but 1 didn’t sleep very well.
?
3 A: I played tennis this afternoon.
B:
A: N o, I lost.
7 A: We went to the beach yesterday.
B: ..........................................................
A: Yes, it was great.
?
8 A: T he window is broken.
B: H o w ................................................
A: 1 don’t know.
?
✓
4 A: I had a nice holiday.
B: Good. W h e re ...................................... ?
A: To the mountains.
12.5
vo7A/ .
Put the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
We w ent to the cinema but the film wasn’t very good. We
it. (enjoy)
T i m ............................... some new clothes yesterday - two shirts, a jacket and a pullover, (buy)
‘..............................................yesterday?’ ‘N o, it was a nice day.’ (rain)
T he party wasn’t very? good, so w e ..............................................long, (stay)
It was very warm in the room, so I ..............................................a window, (open)
‘Did you go to the bank this m orning?’ ‘No, I ..............................................time.’ (have)
‘I cut my hand this morning.’ ‘H o w ..............................................that?’ (do)
[33
U N IT
13
A
I was doing (past continuous)
SARAH
sjffTrrm.il f i l i l ) ^
r'
4 O ’CLOCK
—dT— “ -----— ------ :------— It is 6 o ’clock now.
NOW 6 O ’CLOCK
Sarah is at home.
She is w a tc h in g television.
At 4 o ’clock she w asn ’t at home.
She was at the sports club.
She was p lay in g tennis.
She w a sn ’t w a tc h in g television.
4-00
she began
playing
B
she stopped
playing
w a s/w e re + -in g is the past continuous:
positive
negative
I
he
she
it
was
we
you
they
w ere
•
•
•
•
•
•
question
was
I
he
she
it
w ere
we
you
they
1
doing
watching
playing
ru nning
living
etc.
he
she
it
we
you
they
was n o t
(w asn’t)
w ere n o t
(w eren ’t)
doing
watching
playing
ru n n in g
living
etc.
doing?
watching?
playing?
running?
living?
etc.
W hat w ere you d o in g at 11.30 yesterday? W ere you w ork in g ?
‘W hat did he say?’ ‘I don’t know. I w a sn ’t listen in g .’
It w as rain in g , so we didn’t go out.
In 1985 we w ere liv in g in Canada.
Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was w e a rin g trousers.
I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. T he sun was sh in in g and the
birds w ere singing.
Spelling (live —> living / run —» ru n n in g / lie —» lying etc.) => Appendix 5
a m /is /a r e + -in g (present) —» w a s/w e re + -in g (past):
• I’m w orking (now).
I w as w orking at 10.30 last n ig h t.
• It isn ’t raining (now).
It w a sn ’t raining w hen we went out.
• W hat are you doing (now)?
W hat w ere you d o in g at three o ’clock?
w a s /w e r e =>
I w a s d o in g and I d id (past c o n tin u o u s and sim ple) =>
UNIT
14
U N IT
EXERCISES
13.1
13
Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they
doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
3
TO M
[ M
CAROL
0
j
(TDj\
4 C ATHERIN E
VS8r\
—^
5
MR AND
MRS HALL
C L_)\
jack
I l P
(a ®
P7
home /
J U I ) the cinema /
watch TV
watch a film
V/~_
his car / drive
i S
f t
m il
the station /
wait for a train
the park / walk ^
1 Ann was a t Home. She was watching TV.
2 Carol and Ja c k ............................................................ Thev .................................
3 T o m .........................................................................................................................................
4
6 And you?
I ........................................................................................................................
C'
13.2
Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
/'■N
8.10-8.25
1 At 9.45 sHe was washing her car.
2 At 11.45 s h e ...........................................
3 At 9 o ’c lo c k ...........................................
13.3
Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
r"
134
4 At 12.50
5 At 8.15 ...
6 At 10.30
(you/live) Where.were-..M®.u Uvlng m 1990?
(you/do) ............................................................ at 2 o ’clock?
(it/rain) ................................................... w hen you got up?
(Ann/drive) ................................................................ so fast?
(Tim/wear) ..................................................a suit yesterday?
In London.
I was asleep.
No, it was sunny.
Because she was in a hurry.
No, a T-shirt and jeans.
Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or
negative sentences.
(wear / a jacket)
w asn’t wearing clja c k e t.
(carry / a bag) ............................................................................
(go / to the dentist) ...................................................................
(eat / an ice-cream) ...................................................................
(carry / an umbrella) ................................................................
(go / h o m e )................................................................................
(wear / a hat) ..............................................................................
(ride / a bicycle) ........................................................................
[35
I was doing (past continuous) and
I did (past simple)
U N IT
14
> 1
Q Hello
Jack was reading a book.
He stopped reading.
The phone rang.
He answered the phone.
W hat h ap p en ed ? T he phone ran g , (past simple)
W hat was Jack d o in g w hen the phone rang?
(past continuous)
He w as re a d in g a book.
W hat did he d o when the phone rang?
H e sto p p e d reading and answ ered the phone.
(past simple)
Jack began reading before the phone rang.
So: W h en the phone rang, he w as read in g .
he began
reading
the phone
rang
j
he stopped
reading
... .
he answered
the phone
HE WAS READING
B
past continuous
past simple
A: W hat d id you d o yesterday morning?
B: We played tennis, (from 10 to 11.30)
beginning
(1 0
(11 .30)
beginning
(1 0
o'clock)
we played
we w ere p lay in g
(complete action)
(unfinished action)
• Jack rea d a book yesterday. (= from
beginning to end)
• D id you w a tc h the film on television
last night?
• It d id n ’t rain while we were on holiday.
• Jack w as re a d in g a book w hen the
phone rang.
• W ere you w a tc h in g television w hen I
phoned you?
• It w a sn ’t ra in in g when I got up.
•
•
•
•
[36 ]
end
o'clock)
• A: W hat w ere you d o in g at 10.30?
B: We w ere p lay in g tennis.
I s ta rte d work at 9 o’clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I w as w o rk in g .
It w as ra in in g w hen we w e n t out. (= it started raining before we went out)
I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning. They w ere w a itin g at the bus stop.
Jenny fell asleep while she w as read in g .
I d id (past simple):
UNITS 1 1 -1 2
I w a s d o in g (past co n tin u o u s) => IUHIT 13
w h ile => IUNIT 9 8
U N IT
14
EXERCISES
14.1
Look at the pictures and put the verbs in the correct form , past continuous or past simple.
Carol
....(break) her arm last
week. I t ......................................... (happen)
w hen s h e ......................................... (paint)
her room. S h e .........................................
(fall) off the ladder.
T he tra in ......................................... (arrive)
at the station and P aula...............................
(get) off. Two friends o f hers, John and
Jen n y ,......................................... (wait) to
meet her.
(
I’m qobntjto
station...
/—s
r '
c \
14.2
Yesterday S u e .........................................
(walk) along the road w hen she
......................................... (meet) Jim.
H e ......................................... (go) to the
station to catch a train and he
......................................... (carry) a bag.
T h e y ......................................... (stop) to
talk for a few minutes.
Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.
l A
B:
2 A
B:
3 A
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
is??
(stop) you?
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
8 A:
B:
9 A:
B:
10 A:
B:
A:
(kick) the ball and i t ............................................,............ (hit) the window.
......................................................... (you/see) Jenny last night?
Yes, s h e ......................................................... (wear) a very nice jacket.
W h a t......................................................... (you/do) at 2 o’clock this morning?
1 was asleep.
I .........................................................(lose) my key last night.
H o w ......................................................... (you/get) into your room?
1......................................................... (climb) in through a window.
[37
U N IT
15
I have done (present perfect 1)
A
B
His shoes are dirty.
He is cleaning his shoes.
H e has c le a n e d his shoes.
(= his shoes arc clean now)
Tlievj are at home.
They are going out.
They have g o n e out.
( - they are not at home now)
has c le a n e d / have g o n e etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle):
past participle
I
we
you
they
cleaned
have (’ve)
have n o t (haven’t)
he '
has (’s)
has n o t (hasn’t)
t
fin is h e d
have
started
lo st
done
be e n
gone
cleaned?
finished?
started?
lost?
done?
been?
gone?
regular verbs
>irregular verbs
Regular verbs: T he past participle is - e d (the same as the past simple):
clean —» I have cleaned
finish —» we have finished
start —> she has started
Irregular verbs: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes
different (=> Appendix 2-3). For example:
the same:
buy —>I b o u g h t / 1 have b o u g h t
have —>he h a d / he has h a d
different:
We use
•
•
•
•
•
•
[38]
break —> I b ro k e / I have b ro k e n
fall —> it fell / it has fallen
see —> you saw / you have seen
go —> they w e n t / they have go n e
the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:
I’ve lo st my passport. (= 1 can’t find my passport now)
‘W here’s Linda?’ ‘She’s g o n e to bed.’ (= she is in bed now)
W e’ve b o u g h t a new car. (= we have a new car now)
It’s R achel’s birthday tom orrow and I h a v e n ’t b o u g h t her a present.
‘Bob is on holiday.’ ‘O h, where has he gone?’
Can I take this newspaper? H ave you finished with it?
present perfect:
UNITS 1 6 - 1 9
present perfect and past simple => I
irregular verbs =£
UNIT 2 4 , APPENDIX 2 - 3
U N IT
EXERCISES
15.1
15
Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from:
g o to b e d
e le a n 4 iis sh o es
before
/ f lf i2 3 5 V
sto p ra in in g
close th e d o o r
fall d o w n
have a b a th
now
">
He h a s c le a n e d his s h o e s .
Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
b rea k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
buy
d e c id e
fin is h
fo rg e t
go
go
in v ite
see
n o t/s e e
tak e
tell
‘Can I have this newspaper?’ ‘Yes, I
w ith it.’
I ....................................................some new shoes. D o you want to see them?
‘W here is Liz?’ ‘S h e ....................................................out.’
I’m looking for Paula................................. y o u ............................. her?
Look! Som ebody....................................................that window.
‘Does Lisa know that you’re going away?’ ‘Yes, I ....................................................her.’
I can’t find my umbrella. Som ebody....................................................it.
I’m looking for Sarah. W h e re ............................s h e ............................. ?
1 know that woman but I ....................................................her name.
Sue is having a party tonight. S h e ....................................................a lot o f people.
W hat are you going to do? ............................y o u ............................. ?
‘W here are my glasses?’ ‘I don’t know. I ....................................................them .’
[39
UNIT
16
I’ve ju s t...
I’ve already...
(present perfect 2)
I haven’t ... yet
I’ve ju s t ...
ju s t = a short time ago
They have ju s t a rriv ed .
A
B
Are Diane and Paul here?
Yes, they’ve ju s t a rriv ed .
A
B
Are you hungry?
No, I’ve ju s t h a d dinner.
A
B
Is Tom here?
N o, I’m afraid he’s ju s t gone.
(= he has just gone)
B
alread y = before you expected / before I expected
• A: W hat time are Diane and Paul coming?
B: They’ve alread y a rriv ed . (= before you
expected)
• It’s only nine o ’clock and Ann has alread y go n e
to bed. (= before I expected)
• A: John, this is Mary.
B: Yes, I know. We’ve alread y m e t.
I h av en ’t ... yet / H ave you ... yet?
yet = until now
You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences:
A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: No, they h a v e n ’t a rriv e d yet.
(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)
A: Does John know that you’re going away?
B: No, I h a v e n ’t to ld him yet.
(but B is going to tell him soon)
Margaret has bought a new dress but she h a s n ’t
w o rn it yet.
The film h a s n ’t s ta rte d yet.
yet in questions:
• A: H ave Diane and Paul a rriv e d yet?
B: No, not yet. We’re still waiting for them.
• A: H as Linda s ta rte d her new job yet?
B: No, she starts next week.
• A: This is my new dress.
B: O h, it’s nice. H ave you w o rn it yet?
[401
present perfect =
units
1 5 ,1 7 - 2 0
w o rd o rd e r =
still, y e t
and a lrea d y
=
r~
U N IT
16
EXERCISES
16.1
Write a sentence with just for each picture.
1 ... Tb.cajVc- j u s t arrived,.
3 T h e y ......
4 T he race
2 H e ....................................
16.2
Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
W hat time is Paul arriving?
Do Sue and Bill want to see the film?
D on’t forget to phone Tom.
W hen is Martin going away?
Do you want to read the newspaper?
W hen does Linda start her new job?
<6.3
He’s a lre ad y arriv ed .
No, th e y ................................... ................ it.
I .................................................
H e ..............................................
I .................................................
She ............................................
Write a sentence with just (They’ve ju s t... / She’s ju s t... etc.) o ra negative sentence with yet (They
haven’t ... yet / She hasn’t ... yet etc.).
1ib-sd
now
9OLn9
\o u t soon
a few
minutes ago
a fe w
minutes ago
(she / go / out)
She Hasn’t gone out yet.
ptfVriub present^
n
(the bus / go) T he bus
(the bus / go)
(they / finish /th e ir dinner)
(it / stop / raining)
nou>
Jk
r \
afe w
minntes ago
(he / open / it)
16.4
Write questions with yet.
1 Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps
she has started it. You ask her:
Have you sta rte d , your new job yet?
3 Your friend must w rite a letter. Perhaps
she has w ritten it now. You ask her:
2 Your friend has some new neighbours.
Perhaps he has m et them. You ask him:
................y o u .............................................
4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he
has sold it now. You ask a friend about Tom:
[41
Have you e v e r... ? (present perfect 3)
We use the present pcrfect (have b e e n / have h ad / have played etc.) w hen we talk about a time
from the past until now - for example, a person’s life:
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO JAPAN?
time from the past until now
past
NOW
•
•
‘H ave you b e e n to France?’ (in your life) ‘N o, I h a v e n ’t.’
I’ve b e e n to Canada but I h a v e n ’t b e e n to the U nited States.
& Mary is an interesting person. She has h a d many different jobs and has lived in many
places.
• I’ve seen that wom an before but I can’t rem em ber where.
• H ow many times has Brazil w o n the W orld Cup?
• ‘H ave you rea d this book?’ ‘Yes, I’ve read it twice.’ ( tw ice = two times)
present pcrfect + ever (in .questions) and never:
•
•
•
•
•
‘H as Ann ever b e e n to Australia?’ ‘Yes, once.’ (once = one time)
‘H ave you ever played golf?’ ‘Yes, I often play golf.’
My m other has n ev er travelled by air.
I’ve n ev er rid d e n a horse.
‘W ho is that man?’ ‘I don’t know. I’ve n ev er seen him before.’
g o n e and b e e n
Bill has g o n e to Spain.
(= he is in Spain now)
Bill has b e e n to Spain.
(= he went to Spain but now he is back)
Compare:
• I can’t find Susan. W here has she gone? (= W here is she now?)
• O h, hello Susan! I was looking for you. W here have you been?
presen t p erfect => units 15 -16 , 18 , 20
presen t perfect a n d past sim ple
UNIT 20
U N IT
17
EXERCISES
17.1
You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever... ? Write the questions.
/ you
17.2
(London?) Have- you ever been to London?
(play / golf?) Have you ever played golf?
(Australia?) Have .............................................
(lose / your passport?) ......................................
(fly / in a helicopter?) ......................................
(eat / Chinese food?) .......................................
(New York?) .....................................................
(drive / a bus?) ..................................................
(break / your leg?) ............................................
No, never.
Yes, many times.
No, never.
Yes, once.
No, never.
Yes, a few times.
Yes, twice.
No, never.
Yes, once.
Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.)
1
2
3
4
(New York) Helen has been to New York twice.
(Australia) H e le n ....................................................................
(Chinese food) ..........................................................................
(drive / a bus) ............................................................................
Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things?
5
6
7
8
r '
17.3
(New York) I .............................................................................
(play / tennis) ............................................................................
(fly / in a helicopter) ................................................................
(be / late for work or school) ..................................................
Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done?
hiivc
do
travel
all over the world
many different jobs
ten books
a lot of interesting things
a lot of interesting people
married three times
SHe Has Had many d iffe re n t jo b s.
S h e .........................................................
r \
17.4
r'
be
write
meet
Put in gone or been.
Bill is on holiday at the moment. He’s 90Me.... to Spain.
‘Where’sJill?’ ‘She’s not here. 1 think she’s ......................... to the hank.’
Hello, Sue. Where have y o u .......................... ? Have you ...
... to the bank?
‘Have you ever.......................... to Mexico?’ ‘No, never.’
My parents aren’t at home this evening. They’v e .................
out.
There’s a new restaurant in town. Have y o u ......................... to it?
Ann knows Paris well. She’s .......................... there many times.
Helen was here earlier but I think she’s .......................... now.
[43
U N IT
18
A
How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
Jill is on holiday in Ireland. She is there now.
She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Today is Thursday.
How long has she b e e n in Ireland?
i i i {f since M onday.
She has .been in Ireland
, 1
( fo r th re e days.
Compare is and has been:
She is in Ireland
now .
CM ,
,
. . i i I since M onday.
She has b een in Ireland j fo r th re e day'
Monday
is = present
has b e e n = present perfect
now
Thursday
B
Compare:
present simple
present perfect simple (have b e e n /lia v e liv ed /h av e k n o w n etc.)
Mark and Liz are married.
They have b e e n m arried fo r five years,
(inot. ‘They are married for five years.’)
A re you married?
H o w lo n g have you b e e n married?
(not ‘H ow long are you m arried?’)
D o you k n o w Sarah?
H o w lo n g have you k n o w n her?
(not ‘H ow long do you know her?’)
I k n o w Sarah.
I’ve k n o w n her fo r a long time.
(not ‘I know her for ...’)
Linda lives in London.
H o w lo n g has she lived in London?
She has lived there all h e r life.
I have a car.
H o w lo n g have you h a d your car?
I’ve h a d it since April.
present, continuous
[44|
present perfect continuous (have b een + ing)
I’m learning German.
H o w lo n g have you b e e n learning German?
(not ‘H ow long are you learning German?’)
I’ve b e e n learning German fo r two years.
David is w atching TV.
H o w lo n g has he b e e n w atching TV?
H e ’s b e e n (= H e has been) w atching TV since 5 o ’clock.
It’s raining.
It’s b e e n (= It has been) raining all day.
fo r and s in c e =>! units 1 9 , 97
U N IT
18
EXERCISES
s,18.1
Complete these sentences.
...in hospital since Monday.
1 Jill is in hospital. She
2 I know Sarah. I ..hAye.kMOwn. .. jier for a ]OUg time.
3 Linda and Frank are m arried. T h e y ..............................................married since 1989.
4 Brian is ill. H e ..............................................ill for the last few days.
5 We live in Scott Road. W e ..............................................there for ten years.
6 Catherine works in a bank. S h e ..............................................in a bank for five years.
7 Alan has a headache. H e ..............................................a headache since he got up this m orning.
8 I’m learning English. I ..............................................English for six months.
-1 8 .2
/"V
r N
Make questions with How long ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jill is on holiday.
Mike and Judy are in Brazil.
I know Margaret.
Diana is learning Italian.
My brother lives in Canada.
I’m a teacher.
It is raining.
How long hfius s h e been on h oliday ?
How lo n g ................................................................... ?
How lo n g ................ y o u ...........................................?
................................................................................ ?
...................................................................................... p
................................................................................?
^ 1 8 .3
(l live In Wales)
/ t h e sun Is
V shining. .
/ O,
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with one of these:
for ten m in u tes
1
2
3
4
5
6
18.4
all day
all h e r life
fo r te n years
since he was 20
sin ce S unday
They have been worried- for ten y e a r s .
S h e ............................................................................................................................................................
T h e y ........................................................................................................................................................
T he sun ...................................................................................................................................................
S h e ...........................................................................................................................................................
H e .............................................................................................................................................................
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mark is -/ has been in Canada since April.
has been is right
Jane is a good friend o f mine. I know / have known her very' well.
Jane is a good friend o f mine. I know / have known her for a long time.
‘Sorry I’m late. How long are you / have you been waiting?’ ‘N ot long. Only five minutes.’
M artin works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his jo b very much.
Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been reading it for two hours.
‘H ow long do you live / have you lived in this house?’
‘About ten years.’
‘Is that a new coat?’ ‘No, I have / I’ve had this coat for a long time.’
Tom is / has been in Spain at the m om ent. He is / has been there for the last three days.
[45
for since ago
fo r and since
We use fo r and since to say how long:
• Jill is in Ireland. She has b e e n there (
c^ s‘
J
I since M onday.
We use fo r + a period o f time (three days /
tw o years etc.):
Monday —> Tuesday —> Wednesday
We use since + the start o f the period
(M onday / 9 o ’c lo c k etc.):
start of
the period
i
-<----------fo r th re e days ------------ ►
past
NOW
Monday
past
NOW
since
fo r
three days
an hour
a week
a month
five years
since M o n d ay
ten minutes
two hours
four weeks
six m onths
a long time
Richard has been in Canada fo r six
m o n th s. (not ‘since six m onths’)
W e’ve been waiting fo r tw o h ours.
(not ‘since two hours’)
I’ve lived in London fo r a lo n g tim e .
Monday
9 o’clock
24 July
January
1985
Wednesday
12.30
Christmas
I was ten years old
we arrived
Richard has been in Canada since
Ja n u a ry . (= from January to now)
We’ve been waiting since 9 o ’clock.
(= from 9 o ’clock to now)
I’ve lived in London since I was te n
years old.
ago
ago = before now:
• Susan started her new job th re e w eeks ago. (= three weeks before now)
• ‘W hen did Tom go out?’ ‘T en m in u te s ago.’ (= ten minutes before now)
• I had dinner an h o u r ago.
• Life was very different a h u n d re d years ago.
We use a g o with the past (s ta rte d /d id /h a d /w a s etc.).
Compare ago and for:
• W h e n d id Jill a rriv e in Ireland?
She a rriv e d in Ireland th re e days ago.
• H o w lo n g has she b e e n in Ireland?
She has b e e n in Ireland fo r th re e days.
p resent perfect + f o r /s in c e
UNIT 18
f r o m / u n t i l/ s i n c e /f o r => IUNIT 97
fo r and d u r in g => | UNIT 9 8
U N IT
-jg
EXERCISES
19.1
f—
V
19.2
Write for or since.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Answer these questions. Use ago.
I
2
3
4
5
19.3
Ci
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 9 .4
Jill has been in Ireland T9L...three days.
My aunt has lived in Australia.................... 15 years.
Margaret is in her office. She has been th e re .................... 7 o ’clock.
India has been an independent c o u n try .................... 1947.
T he bus is late. W e’ve been w aiting .................... 20 minutes.
Nobody lives in those houses. They have been e m p ty .................... many years.
Mike has been ill.................... a long time. H e has been in hospital..................... October.
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
was your last meal? '
was the last time you were ill?
did you last go to the cinema?
was the last time you were in a car?
was the last time you went on holiday?
^99 r...
.....................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
lete the sentences. Use the words in brackets ( ...) + for or ago.
Jill arrived in Ireland
*3®.-...................................................... (three days)
Jill has been in Ireland f ° r J ^ ree 4 a y s .
(three days)
Linda and Frank have been m a rrie d ........................................................ ....(20 years)
Linda and Frank got m arried ................................................................... .... (20 years)
Dan arrived ...................................................................................................... (ten minutes)
We had lu n c h ................................................................................................... (an hour)
Silvia has been learning English ............................................................... .... (six months)
Have you known L isa.............................................................................. ? (a long time)
I bought these sh o es................................................................................... .... (a few days)
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. .Sh*:..h&S.tegfl.jfapfc. .fPT. three;.ctaxjS.
Jack is here. H e arrived here on Tuesday. He h a s ...........................................................................
It’s raining. It started an hour ago. It’s b e e n .....................................................................................
I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago. I’v e ...............................................................................
I have a camera. I bought it in 1989. I’v e .........................................................................................
They are married. They got m arried six months ago.
They’v e ....................................................................................................................................................
7 Liz is studying medicine at university. She started three years ago.
She has .....................................................................................................................................................
8 Dave plays the piano. H e started when he was seven years old.
Dave h a s ............................................ :.....................................................................................................
19.5
Write sentences about yourself. Begin with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
(I’ve lived) ............................................................................................................................................
(I’ve been) .............................................................................................................................................
(I’ve been learning) ............................................................................................................................
(I’ve known) ........................................................................................................................................
(I’ve had) ..............................................................................................................................................
[47
I have done (present perfect) and
I did (past simple)
U N IT
20
W ith a finished time (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use the past (a rriv e d /s a w /w a s etc.):
past simple + finished time
We a rriv e d
D o not
time:
•
•
•
•
•
finished time
yesterday.
last week.
at 3 o ’clock.
in 1991.
six m onths ago.
yesterday
last week
six months ago
past
NOW
use the present perfect (have a rriv e d / have d o n e / have b e e n etc.) with a finished
I saw Paula yesterday. (not ‘I have seen’)
W here w ere you on S u n d ay a fte rn o o n ? (not ‘W here have you been’)
We d id n ’t have a holiday last year, (not ‘We haven’t had’)
‘W hat d id you d o last n ig h t? ’ ‘I stayed at home.’
William Shakespeare lived fro m 1564 to 1616. H e was a writer. He w ro te many
plays and poems.
Use the past simple to ask W h e n . . . ? or W h a t tim e
• W h e n d id they arrive? (not ‘W hen have they arrived?’)
B
Compare:
present perfect
past simple
• 1 have lo st my key.
(= I can’t find it now)
• Bill has g o n e home.
(= he isn't here now)
• H ave you seen Ann?
(= w here is she now?)
• 1 lo st my key last w eek.
• Bill w e n t hom e te n m in u te s ago.
• D id you see Ann o n S aturday?
time until now
past
finished time
NOW
H ave you ever b e e n to Spain?
(= in your life, until now)
My friend is a writer. H e has w ritte n
many books.
T he letter h a s n ’t a rriv e d yet.
W e’ve lived in Singapore for six years.
(— we live there now)
[481
[last s im p le :
UNITS 1 1 -1 2
present p e r fec t:
UNITS 15-18
past
now
• D id you go to Spain last year?
• Shakespeare w ro te many plays and
poems.
• T he letter d id n ’t a rriv e yesterday.
• We lived in Glasgow for six years but
now we live in Singapore.
U N Il
EXERCISES
20.1
Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
20.2
20.3
Have you seen Ann?
Have you started your new job?
Have your friends arrived?
Has Sarah gone away?
Have you worn your new shoes?
J
(5 minutes ago)
(last week)
(at 5 o ’clock)
(on Friday)
(yesterday)
Y e s , 1 s a w h e r 5 m in u t e s a g o .
Yes, I .......... ............... last week.
Yes, th e y .... ...............................
Yes,.............
Yes,............. .................................
Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
r"
20
I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it.
Have you seen Ann yesterday?
I’ve finished my work at 2 o ’clock.
I’m ready now. I’ve finished my work.
W hat time have you finished your work?
Sue isn’t here. She’s gone out.
Jim’s grandm other has died in 1989.
W here have you been last night?
R I G H T ....
WRONG:
p u l you see
.......................................................
.......................................................
...................................................
.......................................................
.....,.................................................
Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple.
1 My friend is a writer. H e ..hf^.W H ^en...(write) many books.
2 We .
^ ^Ave (not/have) a holiday last year.
3 I ............................................. (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
4 W hat tim e ..............................................(you/go) to bed last night?
5
(you/ever/m eet) a famous person?
6 The w eath er..............................................(not/be) very good yesterday.
7 My hair is wet. I ..............................................(just/wash) it.
8 1 ............................................. (wash) my hair before breakfast this m orning.
9 Kathy travels a lot. S h e ..............................................(visit) many countries.
10 ‘Is Sonia here?’
‘No, s h e ............................................... (not/com e) yet.’
r
2 0.4
Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple.
1 A: .. H a v e .you e v e r b e e n . (you/ever/be)
to Florida?
B: Yes, w e ...we*)fc._ (g0) t|iere on holiday
two years ago.
A: .............................................(you/have)
a good time?
B: Yes, i t ................................... (be) great.
3 Rose works in a factory. She
...................................... (work) there for six
months. Before that s h e ..............................
(be) a waitress in a restaurant. She
................................... (work) there for two
years but s h e .................................................
(not/enjoy) it very much.
2 A: W here’s Alan? .....................................
(you/see) him?
B: Yes, h e ................................... (go) out a
few minutes ago.
A: And Julia?
B: I don’t know. I ........................................
(not/see) her.
4 A: D o you know M artin’s sister?
B: 1 ...................................... (see) her a few
times but I ..............
(never/speak) to her...............................
.....................(you/ever/speak) to her?
A: Yes. I ...
(meet) her
at a party last week. She’s very nice.
[4'
is done
was done (passive 1)
T he office is c le a n e d every day.
T he office w as c le a n e d yesterday.
Com pare active and passive:
Somebody cleans
T he office
.the office
is c lean ed
Somebody c le a n e d
every day.
every day.
the office
T he office w as c lean ed
(passive)
yesterday.
yesterday.
The passive is:
(active)
(passive)
past participle
present simple
a m /is /a r e
past simple
w as/w e re
(not)
+
cleaned
invented
injured
done
b u ilt
ta k e n etc.
T he past participle o f regular verbs is -e d (cleaned/darnaged etc.).
For a list o f irregular past participles ( d o n e /b u ilt/ta k e n etc.), see Appendix 2-3.
• Butter is m a d e from milk.
• Oranges are im p o r te d into Britain.
0 H ow often are these rooms cleaned?
• I a m never in v ited to parties.
•
•
•
•
•
This house w as b u ilt 100 years ago.
These houses w ere b u ilt 100 years ago.
W hen w as the telephone invented?
We w e re n ’t in v ited to the party last week.
‘Was anybody in ju re d in the accident?’ ‘Yes, two people w ere tak e n to hospital.’
w a s/w e re b o rn
• I w as b o r n in London in 1962. (not ‘I am b o rn ’)
• W here w ere you b o rn ?
Passive + b y . . .
• We were woken up by a lo u d noise. (= T he noise woke us up.)
• T he telephone was invented by A le x a n d er B ell in 1876.
• My brother was bitten by a d o g last week.
is b e in g d o n e / h as b e e n d o n e :
active and passive => APPENDIX 1
UNIT 22
irregular verbs => UNIT 2 4 , APPENDIX 2 -3
by =>
UNIT 1 0 4
UNI1
^
EXERCISES
2 1 .1
21
Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(the office / clean / every day) ...The, o ffic e Is d e a n e d every d a y .
(these rooms / clean / every day?) ...Are th e s e rooms c le a n e d every d ay ?
(glass / make / from sand) Glass.....................................................................................................
(stamps / sell / in a post office) ........................................................................................................
(this room / not / use / very often.) ...............................................................................................
(we / allow / to park here?) ............................................................................................................
(how / this word / pronounce?) .....................................................................................................
Sentences 8-15 are past.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
n2 1 .2
(the office / clean / yesterday)
The o ffic e w as d r o n e d y e ste rd ay .
(the house / paint / last month) T he house ................................................................................
(three people / injure / in the accident) .......................................................................................
(my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) ..............................................................................................
(when / this bridge / build?) ..........................................................................................................
(you / invite / to the party last week?) ..........................................................................................
(how / these windows / break?) .....................................................................................................
(I / not / wake up / by the noise) ..................................................................................................
Correct these sentences.
1 (This house built) 100 years ago.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
21.3
This House w as built ...
Football plays in most countries o f the w orld....................................................................................
Why did the letter send to the wrong address? .............................................................................
A garage is a place where cars repair.
.............................................................................................
W here are you born? .........................................................................................................................
How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? ......................................................................
Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen........................................................................
W hen was invented the bicycle? .....................................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
d ean
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 1 .4
r'
dam age
find
give
in v ite
m ak e
m ake
show
steal
ta ke
The room Is clean ed . every day.
I saw an accident yesterday. Two people
to hospital.
Paper..............................................from wood.
There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two o f the ro o m s................................................
‘W here did you get this picture?’ ‘I t ..............................................to me by a friend o f mine.’
Many American program m es..............................................on British television.
‘D id jim and Sue go to the wedding?’ ‘No. T h e y ........................................ but they didn’t go.’
‘H ow old is this film?’ ‘I t ..............................................in 1965.’
My c a r ..................................... last week but the next day i t .......................................by the police.
Where were they born?
1
2
3
4
5
(Ian / Edinburgh)
(Sally / Birmingham)
(her parents / Ireland)
(you / ???)
(your m other / ???)
Ian w as born In EdlnburgH.
Sally
H er ..
I .......
..........
[5
is being done
(passive 2)
has been done
is /a re b e in g ... (present continuous passive)
Somebody is p a in tin g
T he door
the door . (active)
is b e in g p a in te d .
(passive)
• My car is at the garage. It is b e in g rep a ire d . (= somebody is repairing it)
• Some new houses are b e in g b u ilt opposite the park. (= somebody is building them)
Compare the present continuous and present simple:
• T1ie office is b e in g c le a n e d at the m om ent, (continuous)
T he office is clean ed every day, (simple)
• In Britain football matches are usually played on Saturday, but
no matches are b e in g played next Saturday.
For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 26.
h a s/h a v e b e e n ... (present pcrfect passive)
Somebody has p a in te d
T he door
•
•
•
•
the door . (active)
has b e e n p a in te d .
(passive)
M y key has b e e n stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)
M y keys have b e e n stolen. (= somebody has stolen them)
I’m not going to the party, i h a v e n ’t b e e n invited. (= nobody has invited me)
H as this shirt b e e n w ashed? (= Has somebody washed it?)
Com pare the present perfect and past simple:
• The room is clean now. It has b e e n clean ed , (presentperfect)
T he room w as c le a n e d yesterday, (past simple)
• I can’t find my keys. I think they’ve b e e n stolen, (present, pcrfect)
My keys w ere sto le n last week, (past simple)
For the present perfect and past simple, see U nit 20.
is d o n e / w a s d o n e =>
UNIT 21
active and passive =>
APPENDIX 1
U N IT
22
EXERCISES
22.1
What’s happening?
/'■v
1
w is being repaired.
2 A bridge
22.2
Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous
(is/are being ...) orthe present perfect (has/have been ...).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
22.3
3 T he windows
4 T he grass.......
(the office / clean)
(the shirts / iron)
The s h ir ts Have been ironed,
(the window / break) T he w in d o w ............................
(the roof / repair) T he ro o f..........................................
(the car / damage) ........................................................
(the houses / knock / down) .....................................
(the trees / cut / down) ...............................................
(they / invite / to a party) ...........................................
Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences. (Units 21 and 22)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I can’t use my office at the m om ent. It
being.,(paint).
We didn’t go to the party. We ^eren fc in vt/fced,....(not/invite).
The washing machine was broken but it’s O K now. I t .....................................................(repair).
T he washing m achine......................................................... (repair) yesterday afternoon.
A factory is a place where things......................................................... (make).
How old are these houses? W hen...........................................................(they/build)?
A: ......................................................... (the com puter / use) at the moment?
B: Yes, Jim is using it.
8 I’ve never seen these flowers before. W h a t......................................................... (they/call)?
9 Some trees......................................................... (blow) down in the storm last night.
10 The bridge is closed at the moment. I t ......................................................... (damage) last week
and i t ......................................................... (not/repair) yet.
[s:
U N IT
23
be/have/do in present and past tenses
be (= a m /is /a re /w a s /w e re ) + -in g (c le a n in g /w o rk in g etc.)
a m /is /a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
=> Units 3-4 and 26
w as/w e re + -in g
(past continuous)
=> U nit 13
• Please be quiet. I’m w o rk in g .
• It isn ’t ra in in g at the m om ent.
• W hat are you d o in g this evening?
• I w as w o rk in g when she arrived.
• It w a sn ’t rain in g , so we went out.
• W hat w ere you d o in g at three o ’clock?
b e + past participle ( c le a n e d /m a d e /e a te n etc.)
a m /is /a r e + past participle
(passive present simple )
=> U nit 21
w a s/w e re + past participle
(passive past simple )
=> U nit 21
• T he room is c le a n e d every day.
• I’m never in v ited to parties.
• Oranges are im p o r te d into Britain.
•
•
•
•
T he room w as c le a n e d yesterday.
These houses w ere b u ilt 100 years ago.
Plow w as the window broken?
W here w ere you b o rn ?
h a v e /h a s + past participle (c le a n e d /lo s t/e a te n /b e e n etc.)
h a v e /h a s + past participle
(present perfect)
=> Units 15-18
•
•
•
•
I’ve c le a n e d my room.
Tom has lo st his passport.
Barbara h a s n ’t b e e n to Canada.
W here have Paul and Linda gone?
d o /d o e s /d id + infinitive (c le a n /lik e /e a t/g o etc.)
d o /d o e s + infinitive
(present simple negative
and questions)
=> Units 6-7
d id + infinitive
(past simple negative and
questions)
=> Unit 12
[54|
irregular verbs =>
UNIT 2 4 , APPENDIX 2 -3
•
•
•
•
I like coffee but 1 d o n ’t like tea.
Chris d o e s n ’t go out very' often.
W hat d o you usually d o at weekends?
D o e s Barbara live alone?
• I d id n ’t w a tc h TV yesterday.
• It d id n ’t ra in last week.
• W hat time d id Paul and Linda go out?
U N IT
23
EXERCISES
23.1
Put in is/are/do/does.
1 P*?.. you work in the evenings?
2 Where
they going?
3 W h y .......... you looking at me?
4
Bill live near you?
5
you like cooking?
23.2
Put in am not / isn’t / aren’t / don’t / doesn’t. All these sentences are negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
23.3
6
the sun shining?
7 W hat tim e .......... the shops close?
8
Ann working today?
9 W h a t.......... this word mean?
10
you feeling all right?
Tom
work in the evenings.
I’m very tired. I ............................want to go out this evening.
I’m very tired. I ............................going out this evening.
G e o rg e ........................... working this week. H e’s on holiday.
My parents are usually at home. T h e y ............................go out very often.
Barbara has travelled a lot but s h e ............................speak any foreign languages.
You can turn off the television. I ............................watching it.
T here’s a party next week but w e ............................going.
Put in was/were/did/have/has.
1 W here
your shoes made?
2
you go out last night?
3 W h a t...................... you doing at 10.30?
4 W h e re ...................... your m other born?
5
Barbara gone home?
23.4
W hat tim e ...................... she go?
W h e n ...................... these houses built?
Jim arrived yet?
W h y ........................you go hom e early?
H ow lo n g ...................... they been married?
Put in is/are/was/were/have/has.
...lost his passport.
1 Joe
2 This b rid g e ................ built ten years ago.
3
you finished your work yet?
4 This town is always clean. T he streets
cleaned every day.
5 W h e re ................ you born?
23.5
6
7
8
9
10
6 I ................ just made some coffee. Would
you like some?
7 Glass................ made from sand.
8 This is a very old photograph. I t ................
taken a long time ago.
9 J o e ................ bought a new car.
Complete the sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.
dam age
eat
enjoy
u n d e rs ta n d
use
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ge
go aw ay
listen
open
p ro n o u n c e
Llllll
I’m going to take an umbrella with me. It’s .
....
W hy are you so tired? Did you ..9.®...to bed late last night?
W here are the chocolates? Have y o u ..................................them all?
H ow is your new job? Are y o u ..................................it?
My car was bad ly ..................................in the accident but I was O K .
Chris has got a car but she doesn’t ..................................it very often.
Mary isn’t at home. She h a s..................................for a few days.
I don’t ..................................the problem. C an you explain it again?
M artin is in his room. H e’s ..................................to music.
I don’t know how to say this word. How is i t ..................................?
H ow do y o u ..................................this window? Can you show me?
[55]
Regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs
The past simple and past participle o f regular verbs is -ed:
clean —> cleaned
live —» lived
paint —> painted
study —> studied
Past simple (=> U nit 11)
• I c le a n e d my shoes yesterday.
• Charlie stu d ie d engineering at university.
Past participle
Present perfect = h a v e /h a s + past participle (=> Units 15-18):
• 1 have c le a n e d my shoes.
• Jane has lived in London for ten years.
Passive = b e (is / are / w ere / has b e e n etc.) + past participle (=> Units 21-22)
• These rooms are c le a n e d every day.
• M y car has b e e n rep aired .
Irregular verbs
T he past simple and past participle o (irregular verbs are not -ed :
past simple
past participle
make
break
cut
m ade
m ade
b ro k e
b ro k e n
cut
cut
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same. For example:
make
find
buy
cut
m ade
fo u n d
bought
cut
• I m a d e a cake yesterday, (past simple)
• I have m a d e some coffee, (past participle - present perfect)
• Butter is m a d e from milk, (past participle — passive present)
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different. For example:
past simple
past participle
break
know
begin
go
b ro k e
b ro k e n
knew
know n
began
begun
w ent
gone
• Som ebody b ro k e this window last night, (past simple)
• Som ebody has b ro k e n this window, (past participle - present perfect)
• This w indow w as b ro k e n last night, (past participle - passive past)
list o f irreg u lar verbs => APPENDIX 2 -3
spelling (regular verbs) => APPENDIX 5
U N IT
24
EXERCISES
24.1
Write the past simple / past participle of these verbs. (The past simple and past participle are the same for
all the verbs in this exercise.)
6 enjoy
7 b u y ......
8 sit ........
9 leave ....
10 happen
make
..
cur ...cwt....
g e t .................
brin g .............
pay.................
24.2
break
begin
eat
drink
drive
.!>«*&...... broken
..............................
..............................
..............................
..............................
6 run
7 speak
8 w rite
9 come
10 know
11
12
13
14
15
................
............
............
............
............
take
go
give
throw
forget
Put the verb in the right form.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
24.4
13 c a tc h .........
14 w a tc h ........
15 understand
Write the past simple and past participle of these verbs.
1
2
3
4
5
24.3
11 h e a r ...........
12 p u t .............
1 .w ash ed my hands because they were dirty, (wash)
Somebody has
this window, (break)
I feel good. I ........................... very well last night, (sleep)
W e ........................... a very good film yesterday, (see)
I t ........................... a lot while we were on holiday, (rain)
I’v e ............................my bag. (lose) Have y o u ............................. it? (see)
R osa’s bicycle w as.............................last week, (steal)
I ............................to bed early because I was tired, (go)
Have y o u ............................your work yet? (finish)
T he shopping centre w as............................about 20 years ago. (build)
A n n ............................to drive when she was 18. (learn)
I’ve n ev er............................a horse, (ride)
Julia is a good friend o f mine. I’v e ............................her for a long time, (know)
Yesterday I ............................a n d ............................. my leg. (fall / hurt)
Complete these sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.
c o st
drive
fly
w ake u p
w in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
m a ke
m eet
sell
speak
sw im
tell
th in k
I have
....some coffee. Would you like some?
Have y o u ............................John about your new job?
We played basketball on Sunday. We didn’t play very well but w e ..............................
I know Gary but I’ve n ev er............................his wife.
We w ere............................by loud music in the middle o f the night.
Stephanie jum ped into the river a n d ............................to the other side.
‘Did you like the film?’ ‘Yes, I ............................it was very good.’
Many different languages a re ............................in the Philippines.
O u r holiday............................a lot o f money because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
Have you ev er............................a very fast car?
All the tickets for the concert w e re ............................very quickly.
A b ird ............................in through the open w indow while we were having our dinner.
[57]
U N IT
25
A
I used to .
DAVF. A F E W Y E A R S A G O
DAVE TODAY
Dave used to w o rk in a factory. N ow he w orks in a supermarket.
Dave used to w o rk in a factory = he worked in a factory before but he doesn’t work there now:
---- he used to w o r k ----- >-! ----------------- he works ----------------- ►
____________________________!---------------------------------------------------------------------
past
B
\
now
You can say I u sed to w o rk ... / she u sed to have ... / th ey u sed to b e ... etc.:
I/y o u /w e/th ey
he/sh e/it
used to
be
w ork
have
play etc.
• W hen I was a child, I u sed to like chocolate.
• I used to re a d a lot o f books but I don’t read
m uch these days.
• Liz has got short hair now but it used to be
very long.
• They used to live in the same street as us,
so we often used to see them. But we don’t
see them very often these days.
• Ann u sed to have a piano but she sold it a few
years ago.
The negative is I d id n ’t use to ...
• W hen I was a child I d id n ’t use to like tomatoes.
The question is did you use to ... ?:
• W here d id you use to live before you came here?
We use u sed to ... only for the past. You cannot say ‘I use to . . . ’ (present):
• 1 used to play tennis. These days 1 play golf, (not ‘I use to play golf’)
• We usually g e t up early, (not ‘We use to get up early.’)
[58]
U N IT
25
EXERCISES
25.1
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used t o ..
She. used, to Have long
He
Hair.
football.
a taxi driver.
(We live i*i London now. j
r > |
-
OURHOUSCINTHCCOUNTRY
TW
ENTYYEARSAGO.
in the country.
25.2
.....................................................................................
Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago, things were different.
K A R E N A F E W YliAR.S A G O
D o yot! do any sport?
Do you go out in the evenings?
KAREN NOW
Yes, I go swimming every
day and I play volleyball.
Yes, most evenings.
Do you play a musical
instrument?
Yes, the guitar.
D o you like reading?
Yes, I read a lot.
Do you travel much?
Yes, I go away two or three
times a year.
I work very
Hard in my jo b .
I don’t Have
any -free tome.
Write sentences about Karen with used to . . . .
1
SHe u s e d to go swimming every d a y .
4
2 S h e .................................................................... .......5
3
.......6
25.3
Complete these sentences. Use used to or the present simple (I play / he lives etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 w sed to ploy tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.
Do you do any sport?’ ‘Yes, I
....basketball.
‘Have you got a car?’ ‘No, I ..................................one but 1 sold it.’
G eo rg e..................................a waiter. N ow he’s the manager o f a hotel.
‘D o you go to work by car?’ ‘Sometimes but most days I ..................................by train.’
W hen I was a child, I n e v e r..................................meat, but I eat it now.
Mary loves watching TV. S h e ...................................TV every evening.
W e ..................................near the airport but we moved to the city centre .1 few years ago.
Norm ally 1 start work at 7 o ’clock, so I ..................................up very early.
W hat gam es...................y o u ............................................... w hen you were a child?
[59]
U N IT
26
What are you doing tomorrow?
A
They a re play in g tennis (now).
He is p lay in g tennis to m o rro w .
We use a m /is /a r e + -in g (present continuous) for something happening now:
• ‘W here are Sue and Caroline?’ ‘They’re p lay in g tennis in the park.’
• Please be quiet. I’m w o rk in g .
We also use a m /is /a r e + -in g for the future (tom orrow / next week etc.):
• Andrew is p lay in g tennis tomorrow.
• I’m not w o rk in g next week.
B
I a m d o in g s o m e th in g to m o r ro w = I have arranged to do it, I have a plan to do it:
• Alice is g o in g to the dentist on Friday.
{= she has an appointm ent to see the dentist)
_
• We’re h a v in g a party next weekend.
• A re you m e e tin g Bill this evening?
• W hat are you d o in g tom orrow evening?
• I’m not g o in g out tonight. I’m stay in g at home.
You can also say ‘I’m g o in g to do something’ (=> U nit 27).
D o not
•
•
•
use the present simple (I stay / d o y o u g o etc.) for plans and arrangements:
I’m stay in g at hom e this evening. (not ‘I stay’)
A re you g o in g out tonight? (not ‘D o you go’)
Ann isn ’t c o m in g to the party next week. (not ‘Ann doesn’t com e’)
But we use the present simple for timetables, programmes, trains, buses etc.:
• T he train arriv es at 7.30.
• W hat time d o es the film finish?
Compare:
present continuous —usually for people
• I’m g o in g to a concert tomorrow.
• W hat time are you leaving?
[60]
present c o n tin u o u s :
UNITS 3 -4
p re sen t sim ple =>
present simple —timetables, programmes etc.
• T he concert sta rts at 7.30.
• W hat time d oes your train leave ?
UNITS 5 -7
I ’m g o in g t o ... => |UNIT 27
U N IT
EXERCISES
26.1
Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday?
1 Andrew is playing tennis on Frld^uj.
2 Richard .................................to die cinema.
3 Barbara...............................................................
2 6 .2
lunch w ith Ken.
(you / go / out / tonight?)
(you / work / next week?)
(what / you / do / tom orrow evening?)
(what time / your friends / arrive?)
(when / Liz / go / on holiday?)
A re you gomg out tonight?
Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?
1
2
3
4
5
6
2 6 .4
4
5
Write questions. All the sentences are future.
1
2
3
4
5
2 6 .3
26
j ’rn staying a t home tonight.
I’m going to th e th e a tre on Monday.:.
Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc.) or present simple (the train leaves etc.).
1
you going....(you/go) out this evening?’ ‘N o, I’m too tired.’
2 . We re going.... (we/go) to a concert this evening. It s t a r t s .... (it/start) at 7.30.
3 Do you know about Sally? ......................................................... (she/get) m arried next month!
4 A: My parents......................................................... (go) on holiday next week.
B: O h, that’s nice. W h e re ......................................................... (thcy/go)?
5 Silvia is doing an English course at the m om ent. T he c o u rse.......................................................
(finish) on Friday.
6 T here’s a football match tom orrow b u t ......................................................... (I/not/go).
7
(1/go) out with some friends tonight. W hy don’t you come
too? ......................................................... (we/m eet) at John’s house at 8 o ’clock.
8 A: H o w .......................................................(you/get) hom e after the party tomorrow? By taxi?
B: N o, I can go by bus. T he last b u s ......................................................... (leave) at midnight.
9 A: D o you want to go to the cinema tonight?
B: Yes, what tim e ..................................................................... (the film / begin)?
10 A: W h a t......................................................... (you/do) next M onday afternoon?
B: ......................................................... (I/work).
[61
UNIT
27
I’m going t o .
She is g o in g to w atch TV this evening.
We use a m /is /a r e g o in g t o . .. for the future:
1
he/she/it
w e/you/they
am
is
are
am
is
are
(not) g o in g to
1
he/she/it
we/you/they
g o in g to
do ...
drink ...
watch ...
buy ... ?
e a t... ?
wear ... ?
I a m g o in g to d o s o m e th in g = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:
I decided to do it --------------
I’m g o in g to do it
past
-------------------------------- ►-
future
now
• I’m g o in g to b u y some books tomorrow.
• Sarah is g o in g to sell her car.
• I’m n o t g o in g to have breakfast this morning. I’m not hungry.
• What are y o u g o in g to w e a r to the party tonight?
• ‘Your hands are dirty.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m g o in g to w ash them.’
• A re you g o in g to in v ite John to your party?
We also use the present continuous (I a m d o in g ) for the future, usually for arrangements
(=> Unit 26):
• I a m p lay in g tennis with Julia tomorrow.
Something is g o in g to h a p p e n
Something is g o in g to h a p p e n = it is clear now that
it is sure to happen:
• Look at the sky! It’s g o in g to rain.
(black clouds now —> rain)
• Oh dear! It’s 9 o’clock and I’m not ready.
I’m g o in g to b e late.
(9 o’clock now and not ready —> late)
[62]
present for the future :
will =>
u n its 28-29
It’s aobnq
to raw .
UN IT
EXERCISES
27
27.1
What are these people saying?
27.2
Complete the sentences. Use going to + one of these verbs:
x
eat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
'27.3
do
give
lie d o w n
stay
w ash
w atch
we a r
My hands are dirty.
l^
....them.
What 9* ^
flomg.to wear....to the party tonight?
I don’t want to go home by bus. 1..............................................................
John is going to London next week. H e ..........................................................with some friends.
I’m hungry. 1............................................................this sandwich.
It’s Sharon’s birthday next week. W e ............................................................her a present.
Sue says she’s feeling very tired. S h e............................................................for an hour.
There’s a good film on TV this evening...........................y o u ................................................... it?
W h at..................... R achel................................................... when she leaves school?
Look at the pictures. What is going to happen?
1
2
^
S
S
i
?
3 ^
B
4
/
■
1 . It’s...going to rain,...................................
2 The shelf.......................................................
'27.4
w alk
^ 7
'A
-/
/- =
3 The car ..
4 H e .........
What are you going to do today or tom orrow? Write three sentences.
1 I’m ............................................................................................
2
3
[63]
will/shall (1)
SARAH
Sarah goes to work every day. She is always
there from 8.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 o’clock now. Sarah is at work.
At 11 o ’clock yesterday, she was at work.
At 1 1 o’clock tomorrow, she w ill be at work.
will + infinitive (will b e / w ill w in / w ill c o m e etc.):
I/w e/y o u /th ey )
h e /sh e /it J
will (’1 1 )
w ill n o t (w on’t)
be
w in
eat
c o m e etc.
I/w e/you/they
will
he/she/it
be?
w in?
eat?
c o m e? etc.
’11 = will: I’ll (I will) / you’ll / she’ll etc.
w o n ’t = w ill not: I w o n ’t (= I will not) / you w o n ’t / she w o n ’t etc.
We use w ill lor the future (to m o rro w / n e x t w eek etc.):
• Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she’ll b e in Rome. Next week
she’ll b e in Tokyo.
• You can phone me this evening. I’ll b e at home.
• Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds w ill e a t it.
• We’ll probably go out this evening.
• W ill you be at home this evening?
• I w o n ’t be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here)
• D on’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You w o n ’t sleep.
We often say I th in k ... will
• I th in k Diana w ill pass the exam.
• I d o n ’t th in k it w ill ra in this afternoon.
• D o y o u th in k the exam w ill b e difficult?
We do not use will for things we have arranged or decided to do (=> Units 26-27):
• We’re g o in g to the cinema on Saturday. (not ‘We will go’)
• I’m not w o rk in g tomorrow, (not ‘I won’t work’)
• A re you g o in g to d o the exam? (not ‘Will you do’)
Shall
You can say I shall (= I will) and w e shall (= we will):
• I shall b e late tomorrow, or I w ill (I’ll) b e late tomorrow.
• I think w e shall w in.
or 1 think w e w ill (we’ll) w in.
But do not use shall with y o u /th e y /h e /s h e /it:
• T o m will be late, (not ‘Tom shall be’)
W hat are you d o in g to m o rro w ? :
I ’m g o in g to
w ill/shall (2):
U N IT
28
EXERCISES
28.1
Helen is travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences with she was, she’s or she’ll be.
Yesterday ...sHewas.....i n Paris.
Tom orrow...........................i n Amsterdam.
Last week ....................... in Barcelona.
Next w eek .......................... in London.
At the m om ent.......................... in Brussels.
6 Three days ag o .......................... in Munich.
7 At the end of her tr ip .......................... very tired.
1
2
3
4
5
28.2
Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:
I ’ll b e ...
or
I ’ll p ro b a b ly be ...
or
helen
ciAMSTERDAM.
(t o m o r r o w )
BRUSSELS
^"s PAR*S
VYESTERDAY)
; "7 -^
j
(N0W)
MUNICH
(3PAYSAG0)
BARCELONA
WEEI^
I d o n ’t k n o w w h e re I ’ll be.
1 (at 10 o’clock tomorrow)
)
I’ll probably be on the beach. OR I’U. be a t work. OR I don’t know where I'll be.
2 (one hour from now) .........................................................................................................
3 (at midnight tonight) ..........................................................................................................
4 (at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon) ...................................................................................
5 (two years from now) .........................................................................................................
28.3
Putin will (’II) or won’t.
1 Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You w ont sleep.
2 ‘Are you ready yet?’ ‘N ot yet. I ...........................be ready in five minutes.’
3 I’m going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I ..........................be at home tomorrow.
4 I t .......................... rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.
5 A: I don’t feel very well this evening.
B: Well, go to bed early and y o u ...........................feel better in the morning.
6 It’s Bill’s birthday next Monday. H e ...........................be 25.
7 I’m sorry I was late this morning. I t ...........................happen again.
28.4
Write sentences beginning I thin k... or I don’t th in k. . . .
1
2
3
4
5
(Diana will pass the exam)
(Diana won’t pass the exam)
(we’ll win the game)
(I won’t be here tomorrow)
(Sue will like her present)
6 (they won’t get married)
7 (you won’t enjoy the film)
28.5
I think Diana. wiXl pass the- exam.
I don t think Diana will pass th e exair>.
I .........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Which is right? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.)
WeTl-ge / We’re going to the theatre tonight. We’ve got tickets.
We’re going is right
‘What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?’ ‘Nothing. I’m free.’
They’ll go / They’re going away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8.40.
I’m sure she’ll lend / she’s lending us some money. She’s very rich.
‘Why are you putting on your coat?’ ‘I’ll go / I’m going out.’
6 Do you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight?
7 Steve can’t meet us on Saturday. H e’ll work / He’s working.
8 Will / Shall you be at home tomorrow evening?
1
2
3
4
5
[65]
will/shall (2)
You can use I ’ll ... (I will) when you offer or decide to do something:
• ‘My bag is very heavy.’ ‘I ’ll c a rry it for you.’
• ‘I ’ll p h o n e you tomorrow, OK?’ ‘OK, goodbye.’
We often say I th in k I ’ll ... / I d o n ’t th in k I ’ll ... when we decide to do something:
• I’m tired. I th in k I ’ll go to bed early tonight.
• It’s a nice day. I th in k I ’ll sit in the garden.
• It’s raining. I d o n ’t th in k I ’ll go out.
Do not use the present simple (I go / I p h o n e etc.) in sentences like these:
• I’ll p h o n e you tomorrow, OK? (not ‘I phone you’)
• I think I’ll go to bed early. (not ‘I go to bed’)
Do not
•
•
•
use I ’ll ... for something you decided before (=> Units 26-27):
I’m w o rk in g tomorrow, (not ‘I’ll work’)
There’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m g o in g to w a tc h it. (not ‘I’ll watch’)
What a re you d o in g at the weekend? (not ‘W hat will you do’)
Shall I ... ?
Shall w e . . . ?
Shall I/w e ... ? = Do you think this is a good thing to do? Do you think this is a good idea?
• It’s very warm in this room. Shall I o p e n the window?
• ‘Shall I p h o n e you this evening?’ ‘Yes, please.’
• I’m going to a party tonight. What shall I wear?
• It’s a nice day. Shall w e g o for a walk?
• Where shall w e go for our holidays this year?
• ‘Let’s go out this evening.’ ‘OK, what time shall w e m e e t? ’
W h at are you d o in g to m o rro w ? =S>
L et’s => PI!® ?!!
UNIT 26
I’m g o in g to ... => | UNIT 27
w ill/shall ( 1 ) = > |
UNIT 28
UN IT
EXERCISES
29.1
29
Complete the sentences. Use I’ll (I w ill) + one of these verbs:
c a rry
send
show
j U. carry...for
sit
stay
y0 ll.
Thank you...............................................you a postcard.
Well, I’m hungry. ............................................ it.
No, it’s O K ................................................on the floor.
Oh no, I forgot................................................ it now.
No, I don’t think so................................................ here.
Give it to me a n d ............................................you.
Complete the sentences. Use I think I’l l ... or I don’t think I’l l ... + one of these verbs:
buy
1
2
3
4
29.3
eat
My bag is very heavy.
Enjoy your holiday.
I don’t want this banana.
Do you want a chair?
Did you phone Jenny?
Are you coming with me?
How do you use this camera?
2
3
4
5
6
7
29.2
do
ge
have
play
It’s cold today. ...! don t t h t ^ I IX go...out.
I’m hungry. I ............................................................................. something to eat.
I feel tired.................................................................................. tennis.
This camera is too expensive........................................................ ..........................it.
Which is right?
I phone / I ’11 phone you tomorrow, O K ?
I’ll phone is right
I haven’t done the shopping yet-1 do / I’ll do it later.
I like sport. I watch / I’ll watch a lot of sport on TV.
I need some exercise. I think I go / I’ll go for a walk.
Jim is going to buy / will buy a new car. He told me last week.
6 ‘This letter is for Rose.’ ‘O K . I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.’
7 A: Are you doing / Will you do anything this evening?
B: Yes, I’m going / I’ll go out with some friends.
1
2
3
4
5
29.4
Write sentences with Shall I ... ? Choose words from Box A and Box B.
turn on
turn off
make
open
It’s ve'ry warm in this room.
This programme isn’t very good.
I’m hungry.
It’s dark in this room.
29.5
B
some sandwiches the television
the window
the light
Shalt I open the window ?
Write sentences with Shall w e ... ? Choose words from Box A and Box B.
A
1
2
3
4
what
wha-M+me
/here
who
Let’s go out tonight.
Let’s have a holiday.
Let’s spend some money.
Let’s have a party.
B
buy
go
invite
meet
meet?
[67]
might
Where are you going
■for your Holidays-?
He m ig h t go to New York.
(= it is possible that he will go to New York)
It m ig h t rain.
( - it is possible that it will rain)
m ig h t + infinitive (m ig h t go / m ig h t b e / m ig h t rain etc.):
I/w e/you/they
he/she/it
m ig h t
(not)
be
go
play
c o m e etc.
I m ig h t ... = it is possible that I will ... :
• I m ig h t go to the cinema this evening. (= it is possible that 1 w ill go)
• A: When is Barbara going to phone you?
B: I don’t know. She m ig h t p h o n e this afternoon.
• Take an umbrella with you. It m ig h t rain.
• Buy a lottery ticket. You m ig h t b e lucky. (= perhaps you will be lucky)
• ‘Are you going out tonight?’ ‘I m ig h t.’ (= I might go out)
Study the difference:
• I’m p lay in g tennis tomorrow, (sure)
I m ig h t play tennis tomorrow, (possible)
• Barbara is g o in g to p h o n e later, (sure)
Barbara m ig h t p h o n e later, (possible)
The negative is m ig h t not:
• I m ig h t n o t go to work tomorrow. (= it is possible that I will not go)
• Sue m ig h t n o t c o m e to the party. (= it is possible that she will not come)
m ay
You can use m ay in the same way. I m a y ... = I m ig h t ... :
• I m a y go to the cinema this evening. (= I might go)
• Sue m a y n o t c o m e to the party. (= Sue might not come)
M ay I ... ? = Is it OK to ... / Can I ... ?:
• M ay I ask a question? (= Can I ask?)
• ‘M ay I sit here?’ ‘Yes, of course.’
U N IT
EXERCISES
30.1
30
Write sentences with might.
1
2
3
4
5
(it’s possible that I’ll go to the cinema)
(it’s possible that I’ll see you tomorrow)
I ....
(it’s possible that Ann will forget to phone) .....
(it’s possible that it will snow today)
.......
(it’s possible that I’ll be late tonight)
.......
Write sentences with might not.
6 (it’s possible that Mary will not be here)
.....
7 (it’s possible that I won’t have time to meet you)
30.2
Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas but you are not sure. Choose from the list
and write sentences with I might.
fish
1
2
3
4
5
6
30.3
(
go aw ay
Italy
M o n d ay
Where are you going for your holidays?
What are you doing at the weekend?
When will you see Ann again?
What are you going to have for dinner?
How are you going to get home tonight?
I hear you won some money. What are
you going to do with it?
n e w car
taxi
I’m not sure. ..J
...toJttUy...
1 don't know. I ........................................
I’m not sure...............................................
I don’t know. ...........................................
I’m not sure...............................................
I haven’t decided yet................................
/
You ask Bill questions about his plans. Sometimes he is sure but usually he is not sure
______________________________________________________________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Are you playing tennis tomorrow?
Are you going out in the evening?
Are you going to get up early?
Are you working tomorrow?
Will you be at home tomorrow morning?
Are you going to watch television?
Are you going out in the afternoon?
Are you going shopping?
Yes, in the afternoon.
Possibly.
Perhaps.
No, I’m not.
Maybe.
I might.
Yes, I am.
Perhaps.
Now write about Bill. Use might where necessary.
1 .Hfc’s pUujinj tew us tomorrow afternoon,
H em igH tgooutM
3 H e ..................................................................
4
5
2
6
7
8
304
Write three things that you might do tomorrow.
1
2
3
[691
can and could
can + infinitive (can d o / c a n play / c a n c o m e etc.):
I/w e/you/they 1
he/she/it
j
B
can
c a n n o t (c a n ’t)
do
play
see
c o m e etc.
can
I/w e/you/they
he/she/it
do?
play?
see?
c o m e? etc.
I can do something = I know how to do it or it is possible for me to do it:
• I can play the piano. My brother ca n play the piano too.
• Sarah can speak Italian but she c a n ’t sp eak Spanish.
• 'C a n you sw im ?’
‘Yes, but I’m not a very good swimmer.’
• ‘C an you c h a n g e twenty pounds?’ ‘I’m sorry, I c a n ’t.’
• I’m having a party next week but Paul and Jenny c a n ’t c o m e .
For the past (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t:
• When I was young, I c o u ld r u n very fast.
• Before Anna came to Britain, she c o u ld n ’t u n d e rs ta n d much English. Now she can
u n d e rs ta n d everything.
• I was tired last night but I c o u ld n ’t sleep.
• I had a party last week but Paul and Jenny c o u ld n ’t c o m e .
D
C a n you ... ? C o u ld you . .. ? C a n I ... ? C o u ld I
We use C a n y o u . . . ? or C o u ld you ... ? when we ask people to do things:
• C an you open the door, please? or C o u ld you open the door, please?
• C a n y o u wait a moment, please? or C o u ld y o u wait ... ?
We use C an I have ... ? or C o u ld I have ... ? to ask for something:
• (in a shop) C a n I have these postcards, please? or C o u ld I have ... ?
C a n I ... ? or C o u ld I ... ? = is it OK to do something?:
• Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? or Tom, c o u ld I borrow your umbrella?
• (on the phone) Hello, c a n I speak to Gerry, please? or . .. c o u ld I speak ... ?
[70]
M ay ! . . . ? = >
UNIT 30
U N IT
31
EXERCISES
31.1
Ask Steve if he can do these things
10 KILO M E T RES
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can’t.
7 I
8
31.2
....
9
11
10
12
Complete these sentences. Use can or can’t + one of these verbs:
com e
find
hear
see
sp eak
1 I’m sorry but we ..?£*!* ^ come
2
3
4
5
31.3
to your party next Saturday.
I like this hotel room. Y ou............................................the mountains from the window.
You are speaking very quietly. I ............................................you.
Have you seen my bag? I ............................................it.
Catherine got the job because she ............................................five languages.
Complete these sentences. Use can’t or couldn’t + one of these verbs:
ea t
d ecid e
find
go
go
sleep
1 I was tired but I ..5 9 ^ld,y\ t sleep .
2 I wasn’t hungry yesterday. 1 ............................................ my dinner.
3 Ann doesn’t know what to do. S h e..............................................
4 I wanted to speak to Martin yesterday but I ............................................him.
5 J im ............................................to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
6 Paula............................................to the meeting last week. She was ill.
31.4
What do you say in these situations? Use can or could. Use the words in brackets (...).
4 (have)
5 (give)
' 6 (borrow)
[71]
UNIT
32
must
mustn’t
needn’t
A
m ust + infinitive (must do / m ust see etc.)'.
I/we/you/they
he/she/it
m ust
do
stop
go
w rite etc.
Use m u st when you think it is necessary to do something:
• The windows are very dirty. I m u st clean them.
• It’s a fantastic film. You m u st see it.
• We m u st go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), we use had to ... (not must):
• We had to go to the bank yesterday. (not ‘We must go ... yesterday’)
• I had to walk home last night. There were no buses, (not ‘I must walk’)
m u stn ’t (= must not)
I m u stn ’t (do something) = it is necessary not to do it,
You mustn't touch
the pictures.
it is the wrong thing to do:
• I m u st h urry. I m u stn ’t be late.
• I m u stn ’t forget to phone Julia.
(= I m u st re m e m b e r to phone her)
• Be happy! You m u stn ’t be sad. (= don’t
be sad)
• You m u stn ’t to u ch the pictures.
(= don’t touch the pictures)
n e e d n ’t (= need not)
I n e e d n ’t (do something) = it is not necessary to do it, I don’t need to do it:
• I n eed n ’t clean the windows. They aren’t very dirty.
• You n e e d n ’t go to the bank today. 1 can give you some money.
You can also say d o n ’t need to ... (= needn’t):
• I d o n ’t need to clean the windows.
• You d o n ’t need to go to the bank today.
Compare n e e d n ’t and m u stn ’t:
• You n e e d n ’t go. You can stay here if you want.
• You m u stn ’t go. You must stay here.
[72]
I have to ... =>
UNIT
EXERCISES
32.1
32
Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:
be
go
go
learn
m eet
wash
w in
bank today. We haven’t got any money.
We . wwsfc 3 ?...to
Marilyn is a very interesting person. You.......................................... her.
My hands are dirty. I ..........................................them.
You..........................................to drive. It will be very useful.
1..........................................to the post office. I need some stamps.
6 The game tomorrow is very important for us. W e............................................
7 You can’t always have things immediately. You..........................................patient.
1
2
3
4
5
32.2
Putin I must or I had to.
1
M ... go to the bank yesterday to get some money.
2 It’s late.............................. go now.
3 I don’t usually work on Saturdays but last Saturday......................... work.
4
get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.
5 I went to London by train last week. The train was full and......................... stand all the way.
6 I was nearly late for my appointment this morning............................. run to get there on time.
7 I forgot to phone David yesterday. ......................... phone him later today.
32.3
Complete the sentences. Use mustn’t or needn’t + one of these verbs:
elean
forget
h u rry
lose
w ait
w rite
1
2
3
4
5
The windows aren’t very dirty. You
t ctean them.
We have a lot of time. W e............................................
Keep these documents in a safe place. You.......................................... them.
I’m not ready yet but you.......................................for me. You can go now and I’ll come later.
W e..........................................to turn off the lights before we leave.
6 I ..........................................the letter now. I can do it tomorrow.
Find the sentences with the same meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
32-5
We can leave the meeting early.
We must leave the meeting early.
We mustn’t leave the meeting early.
We needn’t leave the meeting early.
We had to leave the meeting early.
A
B
C
D
E
We must stay until the end.
We couldn’t stay until the end.
We can’t stay until the end.
We needn’t stay until the end.
We can stay until the end.
1
P.
2
3
4
5
put jn must / had to / mustn’t / needn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
You
go. You can stay here if you want.
It’s a fantastic film. You .roust.... see it.
We’ve got enough food, so w e......................... go shopping.
We didn’t have any food yesterday, so w e ......................... go shopping.
I want to know what happened. You......................... tell me.
6 You......................... tell Sue what happened. I don’t want her to know.
7 I ......................... hurry or I’ll be late.
8 ‘Why were you so late?’ ‘I ......................... wait half an hour for a bus.’
9 W e......................... decide now. We can decide later.
[73]
should
sh o u ld + m
w atch etc.):
z (should d o / sh o u ld
do
I/w e /you /they 1
sh o u ld
sto p
he/she/it
J sh o u ld n ’t g °
w a tc h etc.
(You) sh o u ld do something = it is a good thing to do, it is the right thing to do:
• Tom s h o u ld go to bed earlier. He goes to bed very late and he’s always tired.
• It’s a good film. You sh o u ld go and see it.
• When you play tennis, you sh o u ld always w a tc h the ball.
(You) s h o u ld n ’t do something = it is not a good thing to do. S h o u ld n ’t = should not:
• Tom s h o u ld n ’t go to bed so late.
• You watch TV all the time. You s h o u ld n ’t w a tc h TV so much.
We often use th in k ' with should:
I th in k ... sh o u ld
• I th in k Carol sh o u ld b u y some new clothes.
(= I think it is a good idea.)
• Its late. I th in k I sh o u ld go home now.
• A: Shall I buy this coat?
B: Yes, I th in k you should.
I d o n ’t th in k ... sh o u ld
• I d o n ’t th in k you sh o u ld w o rk so hard.
(= I don’t think it is a good idea.)
• I d o n ’t th in k we sh o u ld go yet. It’s too early.
D o y o u th in k ... sh o u ld ... ?:
• D o you th in k I sh o u ld b u y this hat?
What time d o you th in k we s h o u ld go home?
M ust is stronger than should:
• It’s a g o o d film. You sh o u ld go and see it.
• It’s a fan ta stic film. You m u s t go and see it.
Another way to say sh o u ld ... is o u g h t to ... :
• It’s a good film. You o u g h t to go and see it. (= you should go)
• I think Carol o u g h t to buy some new clothes. (= Carol should buy)
shall =>
u n its 28-29
m u st =>
UNIT 32
UN IT
33
E X E R C IS E S
33.1
Complete the sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs:
clean
go
take
visit
w a tc h
w ear
1 When you play tennis, yow should, watch...the ball.
2 It’s late and you’re very tired...................................................................... to bed.
3
your teeth twice a day.
4 If you have time, ........................................................ the Science Museum. It’s very interesting.
5 When you’re driving,.................................................................. a seat belt.
6 It’s too far to walk from here to the station..................................................................... a taxi.
33.2
Write about the people in the pictures. Use He/She shouldn’t ... so . ...
'
/ " You w a t c h '. 2
\.TV too mucK /
_______
/ you e a t )
y t o o much^y^
^
lljjjjs
/^YoiT^Lri^erN
V^too f a s t ^ y
C to o h a r^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fe j.
1
She shouldn't watch TV so roudi.
2 H e .........................................................
33.3
3
4
hard.
You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with Do you think I should ... ?
1 You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)
You ask your friend: .P? you think I should, buy this jack et?
2 You can’t drive, (learn?)
You ask your friend: Do you th in k ...................................................
3 You don’t like your job. (get another job?)
You ask your friend: ............................................................................
4 You are going to have a party, (invite Gary?)
You ask your friend: ............................................................................
33.4
Write sentences with I think... should ... or I don’t th in k... should . . . .
1
2
3
4
5
It’s late, (go home now) ^ think we-shoiAld,go horyie now.
That coat is too big for you. (buy it) ...^
Jdow should, buy it.
You don’t need your car. (sell it) ...................................................................
Diane needs a rest, (have a holiday) ..............................................................
Sally and Colin are too young, (get married) .............................................
6 You’re not well this morning, (go to work) ................................................
7 James isn’t well today, (go to the doctor) ......................................................
8 The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there) .............................................
33.5
What do you think? Write sentences with should.
1 | think everybody should, learn another language.
2 I think everybody.............................................................
3 I th in k ..............
4 I don’t th in k ....
5 1 think 1 should
175|
I have t o .
I have to do something = it is necessary for
me to do it, I am obliged to do it
I/w e/you/they
he/she/it
have
has
to
to
to
to
do
w o rk
go
w e a r etc.
• rU.be late for work tomorrow. 1 have to go to the dentist.
• Jill starts work at 7 o’clock, so she h as to g e t up at 6 .
• You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
The past (yesterday / last w eek etc.) is h a d to ...
• I was late for work yesterday. I h a d to go to the dentist.
• We h ad to w alk home last night. There wrere no buses.
In questions and negatives we use d o /d o e s (present) and d id (past):
present
do
does
I/ we/you / they
have to ... ?
I/w e/you/they
d o n ’t
have to ...
he/she/it d o e s n ’t
he/she/it
past
d id
1 / we/you/they
have to ... ?
he/she/it
I/w e/you/they
he/she/it
d id n ’t have to ...
• W hat time d o y o u have to go to the dentist tomorrow?
• D o e s Jill have to w o rk on Sundays?
• Why d id they have to leave the party early?
1 d o n ’t have to (do something) = it is not necessary to do it:
• I’m not working tomorrow, so I d o n ’t have to g e t up early.
• Ian d o e s n ’t have to w o rk very hard. H e’s got an easy job.
• We d id n ’t have to w a it very long for the bus.
m u s t and have to
Use m u s t or have to when you say what you think is necessary, when you give your opinion:
• It’s a fantastic film. You m u s t see it. or You have to see it.
When you are not giving your personal opinion, use have to (not m ust):
• Jill won’t be at work this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor, (this is not my
personal opinion —it is a fact)
• In many countries, men have to do military service, (this is not my opinion —it is the
law in those countries)
m u st / m u stn ’t / n e e d n ’t =>
u nit
32
U NIT
EXERCISES
34.1
Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs:
do
1
2
3
4
5
34.2
34
re a d
speak
travel
w e ar
My eyes are not very good. 1
glasses.
At the end of the course all the students............................................a test.
Mary is studying literature. S h e............................................ a lot of books.
Albert doesn’t understand much English. You............................................very slowly to him.
Kate is not often at home. S h e............................................a lot in her job.
Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:
answ er
bu y
ch an g e
go
walk
1 We .h*4’..to...w<^k..... home last night. There were no buses.
2 It’s late. I ............................................now. I’ll see you tomorrow.
3 1 went to the supermarket after work yesterday. 1 ............................................some food.
4 This train doesn’t go all the way to London. Y ou............................................at Bristol.
5 We did an exam yesterday. W e............................................six questions out of ten.
34.3
Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
1
2
3
4
34.4
W hat time do you have to
up?
How lo n g ..........................................................?
Where ................................................................ ?
H ow m u c h ....................................................... ?
What exactly...............................................
Write sentences with don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have t o . . . .
1
2
3
4
5
34.5
I have to get up early tomorrow.
George had to wait a long time.
Liz has to go somewhere.
We had to pay a lot of money.
1 have to do some work.
Why are you going out? You 4^*1 £ HA-ve- to 30 out.
Why is Ann waiting? S h e..............................................
Why did you get up early? You ....................................
Why is Paul working so hard? He ................................
Whv do vou want to leave now? W e...........................
Which is correct? Sometimes must and have to are both correct.
1 It’s a great film. You must see / have to see it.
both are correct
2 In many countries, men-m ffiffe / have to do military service.
have to do is correct
3 You can’t park your car here for nothing. You must pay / have to pay .
4 I didn’t have any money with me last night, so I must borrow / had to borrow some.
5 I eat too much chocolate. I really must stop / have to stop.
6 ‘Why is Paula going now?’ ‘She must meet / has to meet somebody.’
7 What’s wrong? You must tell / have to tell me. I want to help you.
34.6
Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do.
1 (every day) J...h.®rY
2 (every day) .............................................................................................................................
3 (tomorrow) ............................................................................................................................
4 ' (yesterday) ..............................................................................................................................
[77]
Would you like ... ?
I’d lik e ..
W ould you like ... ? = Do you want ... ?
We use W ould you like ... ? to offer things:
• A: W ould y o u like some coffee?
B: No, thank you.
• A: W ould you like a chocolate?
B: Yes, please.
• A: What w o u ld y o u like, tea or coffee?
B: Tea, please.
We use W ould y o u like to ... ? to invite somebody:
• W ould you like to go for a walk?
• A: W ould y o u like to have dinner with us on Sunday?
B: Yes, I ’d love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you)
• What w o u ld y o u like to d o this evening?
I ’d like ... is a polite way to say ‘I want’. I ’d like = I w o u ld like:
• I’m thirsty. I ’d like a drink.
• (in a tourist office) I ’d like some information about hotels, please.
• I ’d like to see the film on television this evening.
W ould you like ... ? and D o you like ... ?
W ould y o u like ... ? / I ’d like
D o you like ... ? / I like
W ould yo u like some tea? = Do you want
some tea?
D o you like tea? = Do you think tea
• A: W ould you like to go to the cinema
tonight? (= Do you want to go tonight?)
B: Yes, I’d love to.
• A: D o you like going to the cinema?
• I ’d like an orange, please. (= Can I have
• I like oranges, (in general.)
is nice?
(in general)
B: Yes, 1 go to the cinema a lot.
an orange?)
• What w o u ld you like to do next weekend?
lik e t o d o and lik e - i n g => UNIT 51
• What d o you like to do at weekends?
I w o u l d d o so m e th in g i f ... =>
UN IT
EXERCISES
35.1
What are the people in the pictures saying? Use W ould you like ... ?
/“
V y fo u tA .y o w j^ e a,...
^o<M Lftte?....
35.2
gg
N
What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use W ould you like t o ... ?
1 You want to go to the cinema tonight. Perhaps Sue will go with you. (go)
You say: WowLdl yow Like to go to
ctnwria. tonight?
2 You want to play tennis tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play too. (play)
You say: ........................................................................................................................................
3 You’ve got some holiday photographs. Sue hasn’t seen them yet. (see)
You say: ........................................................................................................................................
4 You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will go. (go)
You say: ........................................................................................................................................
5 It’s raining and Sue is going out. She hasn’t got an umbrella but you have one. (borrow)
You say: ........................................................................................................................................
35.3
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
‘D o you like / Would yon like a chocolate?’
‘Yes, please.’ Would you like is right
‘Do you like / Would you like bananas?’
‘Yes, I love them.’
‘Do you like / Would you like an ice-cream?’
‘No, thank you.’
‘What do you like / would you like to drink?’
‘A glass o f water, please.’
‘Do you like / Would you like to go out for a walk?’
‘N ot now. Perhaps later.’
I like / I’d like tomatoes but I don’t eat them very often.
What time do you like / would you like to have dinner this evening?
‘Do you like / Would you like something to eat?’
‘No, thanks. I’m not hungry.’
‘Do you like / Would you like your new job?’
‘Yes, I’m enjoying it.’
I’m tired. 1 like / I’d like to go to sleep now.
[79]
UNIT
36
there is
there are
A
S T A T IO N
TRAINS
8-3012-15
9-15 M--00
10-30
T h e re ’s a man on the roof.
T h e r e ’s a train at 10.30.
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
T h e re are seven days in a week.
singular
th e re is ...
is th e re . .. ?
th ere is n o t ...
• T h e r e ’s a big tree in the garden.
• T h e r e ’s a good film on TV tonight.
(th e re ’s)
(there isn ’t
or th e re ’s not)
• A: Have you got any money?
B: Yes, th e re ’s some in my bag.
• A: Excuse me, is th e re a hotel near here?
B: Yes, th e re is. / No, th e re isn ’t.
• We can’t go skiing. T h e re isn ’t any snow.
plural
th ere are ...
are th e re . .. ?
th e re are n o t ...
B
(there a re n ’t)
• T h e re are some big trees in the garden.
• T h e re are a lot o f accidents on this road.
• A: A re th e re any letters for me today?
B: Yes, th e re are. / No, th e re a re n ’t.
• This restaurant is very quiet. T h e re a re n ’t many
people here.
• How many players are th e re in a football team?
• T h e re are 11 players in a football team.
th ere is and it is
th e re is
it is
T h e r e ’s a book on the table,
I like this book|. I t ’s interesting,
(it = this book)
(inot ‘It’s a book on the table.’)
Compare:
• ‘W hat’s th a t noise?’ ‘I t ’s a train.’ (it —that noise)
T h e r e ’s a train at 10.30. I t ’s a fast train, (it = the 10.30 train)
• T h e r e ’s a lot o f salt in this soup.
I don’t like this soup. I t ’s too salty, (it = this soup)
[80]
there was / w ere / has been c tc .:
UNIT 37
i t and t h e r e = > UNIT 38
s o m e and a n y = > UNIT 75
U N IT
EXERCISES
36.1
Kenham is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Kenham with
There is/are or There isn’t/aren’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
36.2
36
a castle?
any restaurants?
a hospital?
a swimming pool?
any cinemas?
a university?
any big hotels?
No
Yes (a lot)
Yes
No
Yes (two)
No
No
1
?,
3
4
5
6
7
Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are/isn’t/aren’t.
]
2
There are ct few restaurants.
There’s a big park.
4
5
3
36.3
Put in there is / there isn’t / is there / there are / there aren’t / are there.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
36.4
6 ................................................
Kenham isn’t an old town.
...any old buildings.
Look! ................................ a photograph o f your brother in the newspaper!
‘Excuse m e ,................................ a bank near here?’ ‘Yes, at the end of the street.’
five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.
‘How many students................................ in the class?’ ‘Twenty.’
‘Can we take a photograph?’ ‘N o ,................................ a film in the camera.’
‘................................ a bus from the city centre to the airport?’ ‘Yes. Every 20 minutes.’
‘................................ any problems?’ ‘No, everything is OK.’
nowhere to sit down......................................... any chairs.
Write sentences with There a r e . . . . Choose from the boxes.
seven
nine
fifteen
twenty-six
thirty
fifty
letters
players
planets
days
days
states
September
the USA
a rugby team
the solar system
a-weekthe English alphabet
There-are.seven
36.5
Put in there’s / is there / it’s / is it.
1
2
3
4
5
‘.D?.?*!?:.?.... a train at 10.30.’ ‘
...a fast train?’
I’m not going to buy this shirt................................very expensive.
‘W hat’s wrong?’ ‘...........................something in my eye.’
a red car outside the house................................. yours?
‘.......................... anything on television tonight?’ ‘Yes,............................a film at 8.15.’
6 ‘W hat’s that building?’ ‘ ...........................a school.’
7 ‘.......................... a restaurant in this hotel?’ ‘No, I’m afraid not.’
[8 1 ]
there was/were
there will be
there has/have been
th ere w as / th e re w ere (past)
T h e re is a train every hour.
The time now is 1 1.15.
T h e re was a train at 11 o’clock.
Compare:
th e re is/a re (present)
th e re w a s/w e re (past)
• T h e re is a good film on TV tonight.
• We are staying at a very big hotel. T h e re
are 250 rooms.
• A re th ere any letters for me this morning?
• I’m hungry but th e re isn ’t anything to
eat.
• T h e re w as a good film on TV last night.
• We stayed at a very big hotel. T h e re w ere
250 rooms.
• W ere th e re any letters for me yesterday?
• W hen I got home, I was hungry but th ere
w asn ’t anything to eat.
th e re has b e e n / th e re have b e e n (present perfect)
• Look! T h e r e ’s b e e n an accident.
(th e re ’s b e e n = there h as been)
• This road is very dangerous. T h e re have b e e n
many accidents.
Compare th e re w as (past):
• T h e re w as an accident last n ig h t.
(not ‘There has been an accident last night.’)
For past simple and present perfect see Unit 20.
• Do you think th e re w ill be a lot o f people at the
party on Saturday?
• The manager o f the company is leaving, so
th e re w ill b e a new manager soon.
• I’m going away tomorrow. I’ll do my packing
today because th e re w o n ’t b e time tomorrow,
(there w o n ’t b e = there w ill n o t be)
w a s / w e r e =i
t h e r e and i t ;
UNIT 10
h a s / h a v e b e e n => UNITS 15-18
UNITS 36, 38
s o m e and a n y
w ill => UNIT 28
t h e r e i s / a r e => UNIT 36
U N IT
EXERCISES
37.1
Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty but what was in the room last week? Write sentences
with There was ... or There were ... + the words in the list.
an a rm c h a ir
so m e boo k s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
37.2
37
a c a rp e t
It LIULJV
so m e flow ers
th re e p ic tu re s
a sofa
a sm all table
on the wall near the window.
on the floor.
on the wall near the door.
in the middle of the room.
on the table.
on the shelves.
in the corner near the door.
opposite the door.
Put in there was / there wasn’t / was there / there were / there weren’t / were there.
1 1 was hungry but
anything to eat.
tHere. any letters for me yesterday?
3
a football match on TV last night. Did you see it?
4 ‘We stayed at a very nice hotel.’ ‘Did you? ............................................a swimming pool?’
5 ‘Did you buy any eggs?’ ‘N o ,............................................ any in the shop.’
6 The wallet was empty. ............................................any money in it.
7 ‘............................................many people at the meeting?’ ‘No, very few.’
8 We didn’t visit the museum................................................. enough time.
9 I’m sorry I’m late................................................. a lot of traffic.
10 Twenty years ag o ............................................many tourists here. Now there are a lot.
2
37.3
Put in there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be.
1
... a good film on TV yesterday evening.
2
24 hours in a day.
3
a party at the club last Friday but I didn’t go.
4 ‘Where can I buy a newspaper?’ ‘............................................ a shop at the end of the street.’
5 ‘Why arc those policemen outside the bank?’ ‘............................................a robbery.’
6 When we arrived at the cinem a,............................................ a long queue to see the film.
7 When you arrive tomorrow,............................................ somebody at the station to meet you.
8 Ten years ag o .....................................500 children at the school. N o w .......................................
more than a thousand.
9 Last week I went back to the town where I was born. It’s very different now. ......................
.......................a lot of changes.
10 I think everything will be OK. I don’t th in k ............................................any problems.
[8 3 |
We use it for time/day/distance/weather:
time
distance
---- - •
our house
•
•
•
•
W hat time is it?
I t ’s half past ten.
I t’s late.
I t ’s time to go home.
•
•
•
•
W hat day is it?
I t ’s Thursday.
I t ’s 16 March.
It was my birthday yesterday.
• I t ’s three miles from our house to the city centre.
• How far is it from London to Bristol?
• I t ’s a long way from here to the station.
We can walk home. I t isn’t far.
We use fa r in questions (is i t far?) and negatives (it is n ’t far).
We use a lo n g w ay in positive sentences (it’s a lo n g w ay).
• I t ’s raining.
It isn’t raining.
Is it snowing?
• I t rains a lot here.
It didn’t rain yesterday.
Does it snow very often?
• I t ’s w arm /hot/cold/fm e/cloudy/w indy/sunny/foggy/dark etc.
• I t ’s a nice day today.
weather
Compare it and th e re :
• I t ra in s a lot in winter.
T h e r e is a lo t o f ra in in winter.
• I t was very w in d y .
T h e r e was a s tr o n g w in d yesterday.
I t ’s n ic e to ... etc.
,
** S
easy / d iffic u lt / im p o s s ib le / d a n g e ro u s / safe
e x p e n siv e / in te r e s tin g / n ic e / w o n d e r fu l / te r r ib le
I
I
etc.
I t s nice to see y o u a g a in . (it = to see you again)
• I t ’s impossible to u n d e r s ta n d h e r. (it = to understand her)
• I t wasn’t easy t o fin d y o u r h o u s e , (it = to find your house)
•
D o n ’t forget it:
• I t ’s raining again. (not ‘Is raining again’)
• Is it true that you are going away? (not ‘Is true th a t. . . ’)
th e r e is —> UNIT 36
U N IT
EXERCISES
38.1
38
Write about the weather in the pictures. Use It’s . .. .
6 '- r'
'toft/, ut//^
It’s raining.
4
5
6
38.2
Put in it is (it’s) or is it.
1 What time
?
2 We must go now. ..................... very late.
3
true that Bill can fly a helicopter?
4 ‘What day..................... today? Tuesday?’ ‘N o ,.......................Wednesday.’
5
ten kilometres from the airport to the city centre.
6
possible to phone you at your office?
7 ‘Do you want to walk to the restaurant?’ ‘I don’t know. How fa r..................... ?’
8
Linda’s birthday today. She’s 27.
9 I don’t believe it! ..................... impossible.
38.3
Write questions with How ta r... ?
1 (here / the station)
2 (the hotel / the beach)
How f a r Is it from here to th e station?
H o w ................................................................
3 (New York / Washington)
4 (your house / the airport)
38.4
Putin it or there.
6 I was afraid because................ was very dark.
1 !.£.... rains a lot in winter.
2 Th.®££.. was a strong wind yesterday.
7 ............... was a storm last night. Did you
3
was a nice day yesterday.
hear it?
4 We can’t go skiing.................. isn’t any snow. 8 ............... s a long way from here to the
5
’s hot in this room. Open a window.
nearest shop.
i-5
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
~\
it’s
easy
difficult
impossible
dangerous
nice
interesting
to
work in this office
visit different places
see you again
get-up early
go out alone
make friends
1
2
3
4
5
If you go to bed late, s d iffic u lt to get up early . in the morning.
Hello, Jill............................................................................................... How are you?
There is too much noise.
Everybody is very nice at work................................................................................................
I like travelling................................................................................................
6 A lot o f cities are not safe.............................................................................................. at night.
[85]
UNIT
39
I don’t etc.
(he is = he is tired)
He likes tea but she d o e s n ’t.
(she d o e s n ’t = she doesn’t like tea)
In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat words (‘he is tired’, ‘she doesn’t like tea’).
You can use these verbs in the same way:
• I haven’t got a car but my sister has. (— my sister has got a car)
a m /is /a re
• A: Please help me.
w a s/w e re
B: I’m sorry. I c a n ’t. (= I can’t help you)
h a v e /h a s
• A: Are you tired?
d o /d o e s /d id
B: I was, but I’m n o t now. (= I was tired but I’m not tired now)
can
• A: Do you think Ann will phone this evening?
will
B: She m ig h t. (= she might phone)
m ig h t
•
A:
Are you going now?
m u st
B: Yes, I’m afraid I m u st. (= I must go)
You cannot use ’m / ’s / ’ve etc. (short forms) in this way. You must use a m /is /h a v e etc.:
• She isn’t tired but he is. (not ... but lies)
But you can use isn ’t / h a v e n ’t / w o n ’t etc. (negative short forms):
• My sister has got a car but I h a v e n ’t.
• ‘Are you and Jim working tomorrow?’ ‘I am but Jim isn ’t.’
B
C
You can use I a m / I ’m n o t etc. after Yes and N o:
• ‘Are you tired?’ ‘Yes, 1 am . / No, I’m n o t.’
• ‘Will Alan be here tomorrow?’ ‘Yes, he will. / No, he w o n ’t.’
• ‘Is there a bus to the airport?’ ‘Yes, there is. / No, there isn ’t.’
We use d o /d o e s for the present simple: (=^> Units 6—7)
• I don’t like hot weather but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot weather)
• Sue works hard but I d o n ’t. (—I don’t work hard)
• ‘Do you enjoy your work?’ ‘Yes, I do.’
We use did for the past simple: (=> U nit 12)
• A: Did you and John enjoy the film?
B: I d id but John d id n ’t. (= 1 enjoyed it but John didn’t enjoy it)
• ‘I enjoyed the film.’ ‘I d id too.’ (= I enjoyed it too)
• ‘Did it rain yesterday?’ ‘No, it d id n ’t.’
[86]
h a v e y o u ? / d o n ’t y o u ? ctc.
so a m I / n e i t h e r d o I etc
UN IT
EXERCISES
39.1
39
Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can etc.) each time.
1 Kate wasn’t hungry but we
_
2 I’m not married but my bro th er...................
3 Bill can’t help you but I ...................
39.2
5 Diane won’t be here but C h ris...................
6 You weren’t late but I ...................
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn’t/haven’t/can’t etc.).
1 My sister can play the piano but I COJn ^ .
2 Ann is working today but 1...................
3 I was working but my friends ...................
39.3
4 j haven’t seen the film but Tom ..................
4 Richard has got a car but I
5 I’m ready to go but Tom ....
6 I’ve got a key but Sally......
Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don’t/doesn’t/d id n ’t.
....
I don’t like hot weather but Sue
Sue likes hot weather but I
^....
My mother wears glasses but my father.............................
You don’t know Paul very well but I .............................
I didn’t enjoy the party but my friends.............................
6 I don’t watch TV much but P eter.............................
7 Kate lives in London but her parents.............................
8 You had a shower this morning but I .............................
1
2
3
4
5
39.4
Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people. (See the example.)
1 [ didn't
<30
o u t Last
but my frie n d s d i d .
2 I like.................................................... b u t .............................................................
3 I don’t ...................................................b u t............................................................
4 I’m ............................................................................................................................
5 1 haven’t ...................................................................................................................
39.5
Put in a verb, positive or negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
39.6
‘Are you tired?’ ‘I ...WAS...earlier but I’m not now.’
John is happy today but h e ...........................yesterday.
The post office isn’t open yet but the shops.............................
I haven’t got a video camera but I know somebody w h o .............................
I would like to help you but I’m afraid I .............................
I don’t usually go to work by car but I ...........................yesterday.
A: Have you ever been to the United States?
B: No, but Sandra.......................... .. She went there on holiday last year.
‘Do you and Ann watch TV a lot?’ ‘I ...........................but Ann doesn’t.’
I’ve been invited to the party but K ate.............................
‘Do you think Diane will pass her exams?’ ‘Yes, I’m sure sh e............................’
‘Are you going out this evening?’ ‘I ............................. I don’t know for sure.’
Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I’m not. etc.
1
2
3
4
5
Are you British?6 Do you like classical music?..........................................................
Have you got a car? ............................ 7 Will you be in Paris tom orrow ?...............
Do you feel well? .............................. 8 Have you ever been in hospital?...............
Is it snowing? ...................................... 9 Did you buy anything yesterday?.............
Are you hungry? ................................ 10 Were you asleep at 3 a.m.? .....................
[8 7 |
UNIT
k
TjJ
Have you?
Are you?
Don’t you? etc.
’ve bought a new c a r. J
[ Oh, have you ?
m writing a. book. j
( Are you really? What about?
I ctorV't Like George.)
(Don’tyo u ? Why not?
You can say have you? / is it? / c a n ’t he? etc. to show that you are interested or surprised:
‘Y ou’re late.’ ‘Oh, a m I? I’m sorry.’
‘I was ill last week.’
‘W ere you? 1 didn’t know that.’
‘I t ’s raining again.’ ‘Is it? It was sunny ten minutes ago.’
‘Is there? Where is it?’
‘T h e r e ’s a letter for you.’
•
•
•
‘Bill c a n ’t drive.’ ‘C a n ’t he? I didn’t know that.’
‘I ’m n o t hungry.’ ‘A re n ’t you? I am.’
‘Sue isn ’t at work today.’ ‘Isn ’t she? Is she ill?’
Use d o /d o e s for the present simple and did for the past simple:
• 'I speak four languages.’ ‘D o you? Which ones?’
• ‘T o m d o e s n ’t eat meat.’ ‘D o e s n ’t he? Does he eat fish?’
• ‘L inda g o t married last week.’ ‘D id she? Really?’
B
Question tags
You can-use have you? / is it? / c a n ’t she? etc.
at the end o f a sentence.
These ‘mini-questions’ are question tags.
a positive sentence —» a negative question tag
a negative sentence —>a positive question tag
positive —> negative
I t ’s a beautiful day,
Sally lives in London,
You closed the window,
T h o se shoes are nice,
T o m will be here soon.
isn ’t it?
d o e s n ’t she?
d id n ’t you?
a re n ’t they?
w o n ’t he?
Yes, it’s lovely.
Yes, that’s right.
Yes, I think so.
Yes, very nice.
Yes, probably.
negative —> positive
T h a t isn ’t your car,
You h a v e n ’t met my mother,
Sally d o e s n ’t smoke,
You w o n ’t be late,
[88]
I am / I d o n ’t e tc .:
is it?
have you?
does she?
w ill you?
No,
No,
No,
No,
my car is white.
I haven’t.
she doesn’t.
I’m never late.
UN IT
40
EXERCISES
40.1
Answer with Do you? / Doesn’t she? / Did they? etc.
^
r
I speak four languages.
I work in a bank.
I didn’t go to work yesterday.
Jill doesn’t like me.
You look tired.
Julia phoned me last night.
1
2
3
4
5
6
40.2
I’ve bought a new car.
Tim doesn’t eat meat.
I’ve lost my key.
Sue can’t drive.
I was born in Italy,
i didn’t sleep well last night.
There’s a film on TV tonight.
I’m not happy.
I met Paula last week.
Margaret works in a factory.
I won’t be here next week.
The clock isn’t working.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ha-v& yow.......... ?
.PoesnA.H?-...... ?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
w h a t make is it?
Does he eat fish?
When did you last have it?
She should learn.
I didn’t know that.
Was the bed uncomfortable?
Are you going to watch it?
Why not?
How is she?
What kind o f factory?
Where will you be?
It was w'orking yesterday.
Complete these sentences with a question tag (isn’t it? / haven’t you? etc.).
It’s a beautiful day,
?
These flowers are nice, .............................. ?
Judy was at the party,..................................?
You’ve been to Paris,..................................?
You speak G erm an,....................................?
Martin looks tired ,..................................... ?
You’ll help me, ........................................... ?
40.4
Which ones?
1 work in a bank too.
Were you ill?
Why not?
I feel fine.
What did she say?
Answer with Have you? / Haven’t you? / Did she? / Didn’t she? etc.
2
40.3
J
...Pp yow............?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
...........................?
Yes, it’s lovely.
Yes, what are they?
Yes, but I didn’t speak to her.
Yes, many times.
Yes, but not very well.
Yes, he works very hard.
Yes, o f course I will.
Complete these sentences with a question tag, positive (is it? / do you? etc.) or negative
(isn’t it? /d o n ’t you? etc.).
r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
You haven’t got a car,
you ?
You aren’t tired, .......................................... ......... ?
?
Carol is a very nice person, .......................
You can play the piano, ............................. ......... ?
You don’t know Mike’s sister,................... ......... ?
Sally went to university, ............................. ......... ?
The film wasn’t very good, ....................... ......... ?
Ann lives near y o u ,..................................... ......... ?
You won’t tell anybody what I said,......... ......... ?
k.
__ ---'------------------------
\
No, I can’t drive.
No, I feel fine.
Yes, everybody likes her.
Yes, but I’m not very' good.
No, I’ve never met her.
Yes, she studied economics.
No, it was terrible.
That’s right. In the same street.
t No, o f course not.
_y
f
[89]
too/either
A
so am I / neither do I etc.
to o and e ith e r
We use to o and e ith e r at the end o f a sentence.
We use e ith e r after a negative verb:
• A: I’m not happy.
B: I’m n o t happy either, (not ‘I’m n o t... too’)
• A: I can’t cook.
B: I can’t e ith e r. (not ‘I can’t too’)
• Bill doesn’t watch TV. He doesn’t read
newspapers e ith e r.
We use to o after a positive verb:
• A: I’m happy.
B: I’m happy too.
• A: I enjoyed the film.
B: I en jo y ed it too.
• Mary is a doctor. Her husband is a
doctor to o .
B
so a m I / n e ith e r d o I etc.
so
n e ith e r
so a m 1 = 1 am too
so have I = I have too (etc.):
• A: I ’m working.
B: So a m I. (= I’m working too)
• A: I w as late for work today.
B: So-was Jo h n . (—John was late too)
• A: I w o rk in a bank.
B: So d o I.
• A: We w e n t to the cinema last night.
B: Did you? So d id we.
• A: I ’d like to go to Australia.
B: So w o u ld I.
a m /is /a r e ...
w a s/w e re ...
d o /d o e s ...
d id ...
h a v e /h a s ...
can ...
will ..
w o u ld ...
I am / I d o n ’t etc. =>
mm
UNIT 39
fiUYl I .
n e ith e r a m I = I’m not either
n e ith e r can 1 = 1 can’t either (etc.):
• A: I h a v e n ’t got a key.
B: N e ith e r have I. (= I haven’t either)
• A: A n n c a n ’t cook.
B: N e ith e r c a n T o m . (= Tom can’t either)
• A: I w o n ’t (= will not) be here tomorrow.
B: N e ith e r w ill I.
• A: I n ev er go to the cinema.
B: N e ith e r d o I.
You can also use N o r ... (= Neither ...):
• A: I’m not married.
B: N o r a m I. or N e ith e r a m I.
Note that we say: So a m I (not ‘So I am’), Neither have I (not 'Neither I have’).
[90]
Neither
EXERCISES
41.1
Put in too or either.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
41.2
I’m happy .t?.0......
I’m not h u n g ry .............................
I’m going o u t.............................
It rained on Sunday...........................
She can’t ride a bicycle.....................
I don’t like shopping.........................
Her father is a teacher.......................
I’m happy.
I’m not hungry.
I’m going out.
It rained on Saturday.
Jenny can’t drive a car.
I don’t like shopping.
Jane’s mother is a teacher.
Answer with So ... I (So am I/S o do I/S o can I etc.).
I went to bed late last night.
I’m thirsty.
I’ve just had dinner.
I need a holiday.
I’ll be late tomorrow.
I was very tired this morning.
1
2
3
4
5
6
£
So d i d 1.
Answer with Neither.
7
8
9
10
11
41.3
I can’t go to the party.
I didn’t phone Alex last night.
I haven’t got any money.
I’m not going out tomorrow.
I don’t know what to do.
You are talking to Maria. Write true sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So ... I or N either... I.
Look at these examples carefully:
^
I’m tire d . )
you can answer:
d o n 't work h a r d ) you can answer:
MARIA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m learning English.
I can ride a bicycle.
I’m not American.
I like cooking.
1 don’t like cold weather.
I slept well last night.
I’ve never been to Scotland.
1 don’t write letters very often.
I’m going out tomorrow evening.
I haven’t got a headache.
I didn’t watch TV last night.
I often go to the cinema.
fScT cun
or
( N either d o T ? fo \
( I’m nob. ' j ' f
(I d o . f '
y
/Y o j\
UN IT
42
A
isn’t
haven’t
don’t etc. (negatives)
We use n o t (n’t) in negative sentences:
positive —> negative
am
is
are
was
were
have
has
will
can
could
must
should
would
B
a m n o t (’m not)
is n o t (isn’t o r ’s not)
are n o t (aren’t or ’re not)
w as n o t (w asn’t)
w ere n o t (w eren’t)
have n o t (haven’t)
has n o t (hasn’t)
w ill n o t (w on’t)
c a n n o t (can’t)
c o u ld n o t (c o u ld n ’t)
m u s t n o t (m u s tn ’t)
sh o u ld n o t (sh o u ld n ’t)
w ould n o t (w o u ld n ’t)
I’m n o t tired.
It isn ’t (or It’s not) raining.
They a re n ’t (or They’re n o t) here.
Julian w a sn ’t hungry.
The shops w e re n ’t open.
I h a v e n ’t finished my work.
Sue h a s n ’t got a car.
We w o n ’t be here tomorrow.
George c a n ’t drive.
I c o u ld n ’t sleep last night.
I m u s tn ’t forget to phone Ann.
You s h o u ld n ’t work so hard.
I w o u ld n ’t like to be an actor.
d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t / d i d n ’t
.
,
r
I/w e/you/they d o n o t (d o n ’t)
)
. ... .
,,
,,
w o rk /liv e /g o ctc.
he/she/it does n o t (doesn t) j
Present simple negative:
Past simple negative:
I/they/he/she (etc.) did n o t (d id n ’t) w o rk /liv e /g o etc.
positive —> negative
I w a n t to go out.
They w o rk hard.
Liz plays the guitar.
My father likes his job.
—» I d o n ’t w a n t to go out.
—> They d o n ’t w o rk hard.
—> Liz d o e s n ’t play the guitar.
—> My father d o e s n ’t like his job.
I g o t up early this morning. —> I d id n ’t g e t up early this morning.
They w o rk e d hard yesterday. —> They d id n ’t w o rk hard yesterday.
We played tennis. —> We d id n ’t play tennis.
Diane h ad a bath.
Diane d id n ’t have a bath.
D o n ’t ...
Look! —> D o n ’t look!
W ait for me. —» D o n ’t w a it for me.
Sometimes d o is the main verb (d o n ’t d o / d o e s n ’t d o / d id n ’t do):
D o something! —> D o n ’t d o anything!
Sue d oes a lot at weekends. —> Sue d o e s n ’t d o much at weekends.
I d id what you said. —» I d id n ’t d o what you said.
[92]
present simple negative =>
past simple negative :
W hy isn ’t/d o n ’t ... ? :
EXERCISES
Make these sentences negative.
1 H e’s gone away.
4 It’s cold today.........
2 They’re married................................................... 5 We’ll be late............
3 I’ve had dinner............................................... ...... 6 You should go........
Make these sentences negative. Use don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
1 She saw me. . ~?he d iA n b s e e roe. ................... 4 j-je lives here...........
2 I like cheese.................................................... ...... 5 Go away! ...............
3 They understood........................................... ...... 6 I did the shopping.
Make these sentences negative.
She- con t swtrn.........
1 She can swim.
2 They’ve arrived.........................................
6 H e’ll be pleased....
7 Phone me tonight.
8 It rained yesterday.
9 I could hear them.
10 I believe you. .......
3 I went to the bank.....................................
4 He speaks German....................................
5 We were angry. ........................................
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn’t/haven’t/don’t etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
They aren’t rich. They
...got much money.
‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘No, thank you. I .......................... hungry.’
I .......................... find my glasses. Have you seen them?
G eorge.......................... write letters very often. He prefers to use the phone.
We can walk to the station from here. I t .......................... very far.
‘W here’s Jill?’ ‘I ...........................know. I ............................seen her today.’
Be careful! .......................... fall!
We went to the cinema last night. I ...........................like the film very much.
I’ve been to Spain many times but I ...........................been to Portugal.
Julia.......................... be here tomorrow. She’s going away.
‘Who broke that window?’ ‘N ot me. I ...........................do it.’
We didn’t see what happened. W e...........................looking at the time.
You ask Gary some questions. His answers are always ‘Yes’ or ‘l\lo’. Write sentences about Gary, positive
or negative.
p
N
GARY
---------------------------------------------------
Are you married?
Do you live in London?
Were you born in London?
Do you like London?
Would you like to live in the country?
Can you drive?
Have you got a car?
Do you read newspapers?
Are you interested in politics?
Do you watch TV most evenings?
Did you watch TV last night?
Did you go out last night?
No.
Yes.
No.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
No.
No.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
1
....
2
....
He Isn’t married,.
3 ....
4 ....
5 ....
6
......
7 ....
8
....
9 ...
10
.....
11
.....
12
.....
UNIT
is i t . . . ?
43
A
have y o u . . . ?
do they ... ? etc.
(questions 1)
positive:
you
are
You are eating.
question:
are
you
A rc you eating?
W hat are y o u eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/a re /h a v e etc.) is before the subject:
question
verb + subject
positive
subject + verb
I
That seat
She
David
You
They
Paula
a m late.
is free.
was angry.
has gone.
have got a car.
will be here soon.
ca n swim.
—>
—>
—>
—>
->
—>
Am
Is
Why was
Where has
H ave
When will
C an
I late?
th a t seat free?
she angry?
D a v id gone?
y o u got a car?
th ey be here?
P au la swim?
Be careful with word order: the subject is after the first verb:
• Where has D av id gone? (not ‘Where has gone David?’)
• A re th o se p e o p le waiting for something? (not ‘Are waiting ... ?’)
• When was th e te le p h o n e invented? (not ‘W hen was invented ... ?’)
B
d o ... ? / do es ... ? / d id ... ?
„
d o I/w e/you/they )
. ...
,
tjoes he/she/it
I w o rk /liv e /g o etc.
,
Present simple questions:
d id you/shc/they (etc.) w o rk /liv e /g o etc.
Past simple questions:
question
positive
They
You
Chris
She
w o rk hard.
w atch television.
w o rk s hard.
gets u p early.
—»
—>
—>
—>
—>
—>
—>
They w o rk ed hard.
You h ad dinner.
She g o t up early.
D o they
How often d o you
D o es Chris
What time does she
w o rk hard?
w a tc h television?
w o rk hard?
g e t up?
D id they w o rk hard?
What d id you have for dinner?
What time d id she g e t up?
Sometimes d o is the main verb (do you d o / d id he d o etc.):
• What d o you usually d o at weekends?
• ‘What does your brother d o ?’ ‘He works in a bank.’
• ‘I broke my finger last week.’ ‘How d id you d o that?’ (not ‘How did you that?’)
C
[94]
?/ W hy d o n ’t ... ? etc. (W hy + negative):
• W here’s John? W hy isn ’t h e here? (not ‘Why he isn’t here?’)
• W hy c a n ’t P au la come to the meeting tomorrow? (not ‘Why Paula can’t ... ?’)
• W hy d id n ’t you phone me last night?
W hy isn ’t ...
present simple questions =
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w ... ? :
U jJ
units
past simple questions =
46-47
questions 2-3 =
u n its 44-45
U NIT
EXERCISES
43.1
' 43.2
,4 3 .3
43
Write questions.
1 I can swim.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I work hard.
I was late this morning.
I'Ve got a key.
I’ll be here tomorrow.
I’m going out this evening.
I like my job.
I live near here.
I enjoyed my holiday.
I had a shower this morning.
Cari you swim?
Does Jim work h a rd ?
(and you?)
(and Jim?)
(and you?)
(and Ann?)
(and you?)
(and Paul?)
(and you?)
(and Linda?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions.
(have / a car**) HflYE- you jo t a* otyr ?
(use / a lot?) ....................................i t ...
(use / yesterday?) ...................................
(enjoy driving?) .....................................
(a good driver?) .....................................
(ever / have / an accident?)...................
Yes, I have.
Yes, nearly every day.
Yes, to go to work.
Not very much.
I think I am.
No, never.
Put the words in the right order. All the sentences are questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(has / gone / where / David?) ..Where Has .M yj^.gone?...
(working / Rachel / is / today?)
(the children / what / are / doing?) W h a t..............................
(made / is / how / cheese?) ......................................................
(to the party / coming / is / your sister?) ................................
(you / the truth / tell / don’t / why?) .......................................
(your guests / have / yet / arrived?) .........................................
(leave / what time / your train / does?) ....................................
(your car / in the accident / was / damaged?) .........................
(to work / Ann / why / go / didn’t?) .......................................
Complete the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
(
I want to go out.
Ann and Paul aren’t going to the party.
I’m reading.
Sue went to bed early.
My parents are going on holiday.
I met Torn a few days ago.
Tina has gone away.
I can’t come to the party.
I need some money.
Angela doesn’t like me.
It rains sometimes.
I did the shopping.
^ '
Where
Uow wont to go?
Whv ‘W'ett’t they going ?
W h a t...............................................................
What time ......................................................
When ..............................................................
W h ere.............................................................
W h ere.............................................................
Why ................................................................
How m u c h .....................................................
W h y ................................................................
How o fte n ................................. ....................
When................................................................
L
>
J
[95]
Who saw you?
Who did you see?
(questions 2)
Sylvia saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.)
Who d id Sylvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
Sylvia saw Paul
object
subject
Sylvia saw
Somebody saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
I
somebody
I
W ho did Sylvia see?
Paul.
Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.)
(She saw Paul.)
‘w h o ’ is the object
‘S ylvia’ is the subject
‘w h o ’ is the subject
‘P a u l’ is the object
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the subject:
• W h o lives in this house? ( - somebody lives in it - who?)
(not ‘Who does live?’)
• W h a t h a p p e n ed ? (= something happened - what?)
(not ‘What did happen?)
• W h a t’s h a p p e n in g ? (What’s = What is)
• W h o ’s g o t my key? (Who’s = Who has)
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the object:
• W ho did you meet yesterday? (= you met somebody —who?)
• What did P au l say? (= P au l said something - what?)
• W ho are y o u phoning?
• What was Sylvia wearing?
Compare:
• George likes oranges.
• Jill won some money.
—» W h o likes oranges? — George.
W h a t does George like? — Oranges.
W
h o w o n some money? - J i l l .
—»
W h a t did Jill win? — A hundred pounds.
Use w h o for people (somebody). Use w h a t for things, ideas etc. (something):
• W h o is your favourite singer?
• W h a t is your favourite song?
questions
=>uwns 43, 45
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w =>
UNIT
46
U N IT
44
EXERCISES
44.1
Make questions with who or what. In these questions, who/what is the subject.
Somebody broke the window.
Something fell off the shelf.
Somebody wants to see you.
Somebody took my umbrella.
Something made me ill.
Somebody is coming.
1
2
3
4
5
6
44.2
WHo broke-tHe window ?
W h a t..................................
me?
Make questions with who or what (subject or object).
I bought something.
Somebody lives in this house.
I phoned somebody.
Something happened last night.
Somebody knows the answer.
Somebody did the washing-up.
Jill did something.
Something woke me up.
Somebody saw the accident.
1 saw somebody.
Somebody has got my pen.
This word means something.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
WHa t did. you buy ?
WHo lives in this House?
You want the missing intormation (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
S L
I lost XXXXX yesterday but fortunately
XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
WHat did, you Lose?
W H p J w n ijt
XXXXX phoned me last night. She wanted
XXXXX.
I needed some advice, so 1 asked XXXXX.
He said XXXXX.
I hear that XXXXX got married last week.
XXXXX told me.
5
I met XXXXX on my way home this
evening. She told me XXXXX.
6
Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
XXXXX won. After the game we XXXXX.
'
7
It was my birthday last week and I had
some presents. XXXXX gave me a book
and Catherine gave me XXXXX.
[97]
45
Who is she talking to?
What is it like?
(questions 3)
A
Julia is talking to somebody.
W h o is she talking to?
\
hi questions beginning W h o ... ? / W h a t ... ? / W h ere ... ? / W h ic h ... ?, prepositions
(to /fr o m /w ith etc.) usually go at the end:
•
•
•
•
•
•
B
‘W here are you from ?’ ‘I’m from Thailand.’
‘J ohn was afraid.’ ‘W h a t was he afraid of?’
‘W h o do these books belong to ?’ ‘They’re mine.’
Tom’s father is in hospital.’ ‘W h ich h o sp ita l is he in?’
‘Kate is going on holiday.’ ‘W h o w ith ?’ / ‘W h o is she going w ith ?’
‘I want to talk to you.’ ‘W h a t a b o u t? ’ / ‘W h a t do you want to talk to me a b o u t? ’
W h a t is it like? / W h a t are th ey like? etc.
W h a t’s (= What is) it like? = tell me something about it - is it good or bad, big or small, old or
new? etc.
W hen we say ‘W h a t is it like?’, like is a preposition. It is not the verb like (‘D o you like your
new house?’ etc.).
• A: There’s a new restaurant in our street.
B: W h a t’s it like? Is it good?
A: I don’t know. I haven’t eaten there yet.
• A: W h a t’s your new teacher like?
B: She’s very good. We learn a lot.
• A: I met Linda’s parents yesterday.
B: Did you? W h a t are they like?
A: They’re very friendly.
• A: Did you have a nice holiday? W h a t was the weather like?
B: It was lovely. The sun shone every day.
[98]
questions :
u n its
43-44
w h a t/w h ic h /h o w
prepositions =
u n its
99-106
U N IT
45
EXERCISES
45.1
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
WHo U- t h e f r o m ?
1 I The letter is from XXXXX.
2
I’m looking for a XXXXX.
W hat.............you
I went to the cinema with XXXXX.
The film was about XXXXX.
I gave the money to XXXXX.
The book was written by XXXXX.
45.2
Complete the questions for the pictures. Use one of these verbs + a preposition:
1
WHo is she toikuit) fcc>?
4 What ........
5 W h a t........
6 Which bus
2 What ................................
3 Who .................................
45.3
Write questions beginning Which
^
1
2
3
4
45.4
__________________
Tom’s father is in hospital.
We stayed at a hotel.
Jack plays for a football team.
I went to school in this town.
W H ^ Hosptful Is He. in?
....................................you ..
You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there.
Ask questions with What is/are ... like?
1 (the roads)
What a re % e ro<wls Uke?
2 (the food) .....................................................
45.5
3 (the people) ...........................
4 (the weather) .........................
Ask questions with What w as/w ere... like?
1 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the weather.
2 Your friend has just come back from the cinema. Ask about the film.
3 Your friend has just finished an English course. Ask about the lessons.
4 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the hotel.
|99|
UNIT
K J jj
W h a t...?
W h ic h ...?
H o w ...?
W h a t + noun (W hat c o lo u r ... ? / W h a t k in d ... ? ctc.)
• W h a t c o lo u r is your car?
• W h a t c o lo u r are your eyes?
• W h a t size is this shirt?
• W h a t m ak e is your TV set?
• W h a t tim e is it?
• W h a t day is it today?
• W h a t k in d of job do you want? (or W h a t ty p e of job ... ? / W h a t s o rt of job ..?)
W h a t without a noun:
• W h a t’s your favourite colour?
B
W h a t do you want to do this evening?
W h ich + noun (things or people):
• W h ich tra in did you catch the 9.50 or the 10.30?
• W h ic h d o c to r did you see - Doctor Ellis, Doctor Gray or Doctor Hill?
We use w h ic h without a noun for things, not people:
• W h ich is bigger —Canada or Australia?
We use w h o for people (without a noun):
• W h o is taller - Bill or Gerry? (not ‘Which is taller?’)
W h a t or w hich?
We use w h ic h when we are thinking about a small number o f possibilities (perhaps 2, 3 or 4):
• We can go this way or that way.
W h ich w ay shall we go?
• There are four umbrellas here.
W h ich is yours?
W h a t is more general:
• W h a t is the capital o f Argentina?
• W h a t s o rt o f music do you like?
W H I C H
?
Compare:
• W h a t c o lo u r are his eyes? (not ‘Which colour?’)
W h ich c o lo u r do you prefer, p in k o r yellow?
• W h a t is the longest river in the world?
W h ich is the longest river - th e M ississippi, th e A m a z o n o r th e Nile?
D
H ow ... ?
• ‘H o w was the party last night?’ ‘It was great.’
• ‘H o w do you usually so to work?’ ‘By bus.’
You can use h o w + adjective/adverb (how tall / h o w o ld / h o w o fte n etc.):
tall are you?’ ‘I’m 1 metre 70.’
b ig is the house?’ ‘Not very big.’
old is your mother?’ ‘She’s 45.’
‘H o w < far is it from here to the airport?’ ‘Five kilometres.’
o fte n do you use your car?’ ‘Every day.’
lo n g have they been married?’ ‘Ten years.’
m u c h was the meal?’ ‘Twenty pounds.’
[1 0 0 ]
questions =
units
43-45
H o w l o n g d o e s it ta k e
. . . ? = >
\ UNIT
47 |
w h i c h o n e (s) => | UNIT 74
U N IT
46
EXERCISES
46.1
Write questions with what.
I’ve got a new TV set.
I want a job.
I’ve got a new sweater.
I got up early this morning.
I like music.
I want to buy a car.
46.2
Complete the questions. Use W hich... ?
46.3
Put in what/which/who.
(make?)
(kind?)
(colour?)
(time?)
(type?)
(kind?)
1
is that man’s name?
2 WHtcH way shall we go? Left or right?
3 You can have tea or coffee................. do
you prefer?
4 ‘.............. day is it today?’ ‘Friday.’
5 This is a nice house................. room is
yours?
46.4
6
7
8
9
10
11
is your favourite sport?
is more expensive, meat or fish?
is older, Ann or George?
kind o f camera have you got?
A: Mary has got three cameras.
B: .............. camera does she use most?
nationality are you?
Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high/long etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
4 6 .5
is.it?
Wbflt kmfll o f job <^ yow w ^ t ?
W h a t.................................................................
.............................................................. get up?
............................................................................
............................................................................
..Wow.VitgH is M ount Everest?
.......................... is it to the station?
.......................... is Helen?
.......................... do the buses run?
.......................... is the water in the pool?
..........................have vou lived here?
V
. ------------
'
>
Nearly 9000 metres.
It’s about two kilometres from here.
She’s 26.
Every ten minutes.
Two metres.
Nearly three years.
L
J
f'
Write questions with H ow ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80?
How M l a re you ?
Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? ...................................
Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?
...................................
Did you spend £10? £15? £20?
...................................
Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never?
6 Is it 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 1500? 2000?
[101|
UNIT
47
How long does it take ... ?
A
7
How long d oes it take
two hours
I t takes ten minutes
a long time
by plane
by train
by car
from ... to ...
How long does it take by plane
from London to Madrid?
It takes two hours.
•
•
•
®
How long d o es it tak e by train from London to Manchester?
It takes two hours by train from London to Manchester.
How long d o es it take by car from your house to the station?
It takes ten minutes by car from my house to the station.
B
How long
It
does
d id
will
takes
to o k
w ill take
it take
(me)
(Ann)
(them)
(you)
(Ann)
(them)
to ... ?
a week
a long time
three hours
to ...
I started reading the book on Monday.
1 finished it on Wednesday evening.
It to o k m e three days to rea d it.
How long does it tak e to fly from London to Madrid?
I t takes a long time to le a rn a language.
I t d o e s n ’t tak e long to c o o k an omelette.
I t takes m e 20 minutes to g e t to work.
‘I came by train.’ ‘Did you? How long d id it tak e (to get here)?’
It to o k T o m an hour to d o his shopping.
D id it tak e you a long time to find a job?
How long w ill it take m e to learn to drive?
I t will tak e us an hour to c o o k the dinner.
[1 0 2 1
U N IT
47
EXERCISES
47.1
Look at the pictures and write questions with How long ...?
2
3
4
47.2
How long does it take to do these things? W rite full sentences.
1 fly from your city/country to London
Jt..takes..two Hours to r
f
U
j
2 fly from your city/country to New York
.
.
3 study to he a doctor in your country
4 walk from your home to the nearest shop
5 get from your home to the nearest airport
47.3
Write questions with How long did it ta k e ... ?
1 (She found a place to live.)
2 (1 walked to the station.)
3 (He cleaned the windows.)
4 (I learnt to ski.)
5 (They repaired the car.)
47.4
H?W l ong.
. ' t o ..
..................................................you ...............................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
Read the situations and write sentences with It to o k. . . .
1 I read a book last week. I started reading it on Monday. I finished it three days later.
I t took me
d ay s to r t < ^ th p book,
2 We walked home last night. We left at 10 o’clock and we arrived home at 10.20.
3 I learnt to drive last year. I had my first driving lesson in January. I passed my driving test six
months later......................................................................................................................................
4 Mark drove to London yesterday. He left home at 8 o’clock and got to London at 10.
5 Linda began looking for a job a long time ago. She got a job last week.
6 (write a true sentence about yourself)
[ 103]
Do you know where ... ?
I don’t know w h a t ... etc.
We say:
but:
Where is Paula?
D o you k n o w where P au la is ?
(not ‘Do you know where is Paula?’)
In the same way we say:
I know i
I don’t know >where P au la is
Can you tell me J
Compare:
Who are th o se people?
but
How old is Linda?
What time is it?
Where c a n I go?
How much is this cam era?
W hen are you going away?
Where have they gone?
What w as A n n wearing?
D o you know
C an you tell m e
I know
I d o n ’t k n o w
I d o n ’t r e m e m b e r
who th o se p e o p le are
how old L in d a is
what time it is
where I c a n go
how much th is c a m e ra is
when y o u ’re going away
where th ey have gone
what A n n w as wearing
Questions with d o /d o e s /d id (present simple and past simple):
Where
does h e live ?
D o you k n o w where
Compare:
How d o a ero p lan es fly?
What d ocs Ja n e want?
Why d id she go home?
Where did I put the key?
but
he lives ? (not ‘Do you know where does he live?’)
how a e ro p lan e s fly
what Ja n e w an ts
why she w e n t home
where I p u t the key
D o you k n o w
I d o n ’t k n o w
I d o n ’t r e m e m b e r
I know
p
Questions beginning Is ... ? / D o ... ? / C a n ... ? etc. (yes/no questions):
Compare:
Is Ja ck at home?
H ave th ey got a car?
C a n B ria n swim?
D o th ey live near here?
D id a n y b o d y sec you?
but
D o you know
if
or
I d o n ’t k n o w
w h e th e r
J a c k is at home
?
th e y ’ve got a car
B ria n can swim
th ey live near here
a n y b o d y saw you
You can use i f or w h e th e r in these sentences:
• Do you know i f they’ve got a car? or Do you know w h e th e r, they’ve got a car?
U N IT
48
EXERCISES
48.1
Answer these questions with I don’t know where/when/why. etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
,4 8 .2
Have your friends gone home?
Is Kate in her office?
Is the castle very old?
Will Paul be here soon?
Was he angry because I was late?
Has Sally lived here a long time?
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
(How do aeroplanes fly?)
(Where does Susan work?)
(What did Peter say?)
(Why did he go home early?)
(What time does the film begin?)
6 (How did the accident happen?)
48.3
/ L
(where) I don’t know where they’ve gone.
(where) I don’t know ...............................................
(how old) ...................................................................
(when) .......................................................................
(why) ..........................................................................
(how long) .................................................................
Do you know JlpwjxeropUuies ..fty?..
I don’t k n o w ......................................................................
Do you rem em ber..........................................................?
I don’t k n o w ......................................................................
Do you k n o w ..................................................................?
1 don’t rem em ber..............................................................
Which is right?
Do you know what time it is? is right
Do you know what time
/ it is?
Why are you / you arc going away?
I don’t know where are they / they are going.
Can you tell me where is the museum / the museum is?
Where do you want / you want to go for your holidays?
6 Do you know what do elephants eat / elephants eat?
1
2
3
4
5
48.4
Write questions with Do you know i f ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
48.5
(Have they got a car?)
(Are they married?)
(Does Sue know Bill?)
(Will George be here tomorrow?)
(Did he pass his exam?)
Do you k n o w ......................................
Write questions beginning Do you k n o w ...
1
2
3
4
5
(What does Ann want?)
(Where is Paula?)
(Is she working today?)
(What time does she start work?)
(Are the shops open tomorrow?)
6 (Where do Sarah and Tim live?)
7 (Did they go to Ann’s party?)
4 8.6
Do you know ^ they’ye. got a car ?
Do you know what Ann wants ?
D o ...................................................
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
Do you know why ^ e' bus was la te ?
Do you know what tim e................................................................................................................ ?
Excuse me, can you tell me w here................................................................................................?
1 don’t know w h at.............................................................................................................................
Do you know i f .............................................................................................................................. ?
105]
0
She said t h a t ...
A
He told me t h a t...
Last week you went to a party. A lot of
your friends were there. Here are some
things they said to you:
Today you meet Paul. You tell him
about the party. You tell Paul what
'lends said:
DIANE
m enjoying my new job)
'■\ My f a th e r is n ’t very well)
e’re going to'
buy a house.
SARAH
have
am
is
are
—> was
—> w ere
to go early)
My sister has
gone to Australia
I don’t like my job.)
kly son doesn’t
like school.
He said that his sister h a d gone
to Australia.
Ann said that she c o u ld n ’t find
a job.
w ill —» w o u ld
do
does
-> d id
lo o k —> lo o k e d
feel
elc.
(present)
MIKE
B
say and tell
say (—> said)
• He said that he was tired.
(not ‘He said me’)
• What did she say to you?
(not ‘say you’)
Do not say: ‘he said me’, ‘I said Ann’ etc.
C
[106]
Sarah and Tim said that they
w ere going to buy a house.
Peter said that h e h a d to go early.
have
ave i
has J
I can’t find ajob)
I’ll phone you)
Diane said that she w as enjoying
her new job.
She said that h e r fa th e r w asn ’t
very well.
etc.
Steve said that he w o u ld phone
me.
Angela said that she d id n ’t like
herjob.
She said that h e r so n d id n ’t like
school.
Mike said that I lo o k e d tired,
felt
1 said that I felt fine.
(past)
tell (—» told)
* He to ld m e that he was tired.
(not ‘He told that ...’)
* What did she tell you?
(not ‘tell to you’)
Do not say: ‘he told to me’, ‘I told to Ann’ etc.
You can say:
• He said th a t he was tired, or Lie said he was tired, (without ‘that’)
• Ann told me th a t she didn’t like herjob. or Ann told me she didn’t like herjob.
I to ld h im to => u n it 52
U N IT
49
EXERCISES
49.1
Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She/They said (th a t). .. .
^ I’ve lost my watch, j
6m m
don’t feel very well.
He so ld He Had lost Ht-s watcH.
2
3
m/
'y
^ I’m very busy ]
^ I can’t go to the party.J
to go out.
8
I'vejust come back from holiday, j
9
< |l ’m going to buy a computer.
^ W e haven’t got a key. 1
49.2
Use the pictures to complete the sentences.
I m enjoying
my new job..
DIAMEL
lU send yoi
a postcard.
I don’t
want to go.
r-AAPtnrs
Where’s Robert?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
49.3
I want to
watch TV:
ctnewa
I met Diane last week. She said ...she.w^.eijjoyuig her new. .jobBetty didn’t want anything to eat. She said.......................................
I wanted to borrow Mike’s ladder but he said ...................................
Sally was invited to the party but she said..........................................
Sharon told me she didn’t want the picture. She said........................
Martin has just gone away on holiday. He said ..................................
I was looking for Robert. Linda sa id ..................................................
‘Why did Steve stay at home?’ ‘He said.........................................
‘Has Mary gone out?’ ‘1 think so. She said .....................................
Put in say/said or tell/told.
1
2
3
4
5
He
he was tired.
What did she
you?
A n n ..........she didn’t like Peter.
Jack..........me that you were ill.
Please don’t .......... Jim what happened.
6 Did Lucy..........she would be late?
7 The w om an..........she was a reporter.
8 The w om an..........us she was a reporter.
9 They asked me a lot o f questions but 1
didn’t ..........them anything.
10 They asked me a lot of questions but I
didn’t ..........anything.
[107|
UNIT
50
work/working
go/going
do/doing
w o r k /g o /b e etc. (infinitive)
We use the infinitive with w ill/c a n /m u s t etc.:
will
shall
m ig h t
m ay
can
co u ld
m u st
sh o u ld
w ould
Ann will b e here soon.
Shall I o p e n the window?
1 m ig h t p h o n e you later.
M ay 1 sit here?
I c a n ’t m e e t you tomorrow.
C o u ld you pass the salt, please?
It’s late. I m u s t go now.
You s h o u ld n ’t w o rk so hard.
W ould you like some coffee?
d o /d o e s
(present simple)
did
(past simple)
B
i
=> Units 28-29
J
]
=> Unit 30
J
J
=> Unit 31
=> Unit 32
Unit 33
=> Unit 35
D o you w ork?
They d o n ’t w o rk very hard.
Tina d o e s n ’t k n o w many people.
How much d oes it cost?
What time d id the train leave?
We d id n ’t sleep well.
Units 6—7
=> Unit 12
to w o rk / to go / to be etc. (to + infinitive)
(I’m) g o in g to ...
P m g o in g to play tennis tomorrow.
What are you g o in g to do?
Unit 27
(I) have to ...
I have to go now.
Everybody has to eat.
=> Unit 34
(I) w a n t to ...
Do you w a n t to go out?
They don’t w a n t to c o m e with us.
=> Unit 51
(1 ) w o u ld like to ...
I’d like to talk to you.
W ould you like to go out?
=> Unit 35
(I) used to ...
Dave used to w o rk in a factory.
=> Unit 25
w o rk in g /g o in g /p la y in g etc.
a m /is /a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
w a s/w e re + -in g
(past continuous)
[ I0 8 1
Please be quiet. I’m w ork in g .
Tom isn ’t w o rk in g today.
What time are you g o in g out?
=> Units 3-4, 8 , 26
It was ra in in g , so we didn’t go out.
=> Units 13-14
What w ere you d o in g when the phone rang?
verbs + t o ... a n d - i n g (I w a n t t o d o / I e n jo y d o in g )
go + -ing =
UN IT
50
EXERCISES
50.1
Complete the sentences. W rite :... phone Paul o r ... to phone Paul.
1 I’D phone Paul,
phone Pawl
2 I’m going
6 Do you have .............................................
3 Can you ...................................... ........Paul?
4 Shall I .......................................... ............... ?
5 I’d like .......................................... .................
50.2
7 You should ................ ...............................
I w a n t.........................................................
9 I m ig h t.......................................................
10 You m ust....................................................
8
Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the infinitive (work/go etc.) and
sometimes you need -ing (working/going etc.).
do/doing
eat/eating
fly/flying
get/getting
go/going
listen/listening
1 Please be quiet. I’m .
sleep/sleeping
stay/staying
wait/waiting
watch/watching
wear/wearing
w ork/ working
....
2 I feel tired today. I didn’t sleep...v e r y wel] last night.
3 What time do you usually...........................up in the morning?
4 ‘Where arc y o u .......................... ?’ ‘To the bank.’
5 Did y o u .......................... television last night?
6 Look at that plane! It’s ...........................very low.
7 You can turn off the radio. I’m n o t...........................to it.
8 They didn’t .......................... anything because they weren’t hungry.
9 My friends w ere.......................... for me when I arrived.
10 ‘Does Sharon always...........................glasses?’ ‘No, only for reading.’
11 ‘What are y o u .......................... this evening?’ ‘I’m ............................at home.’
50.3
Put the verb in the correct form . Choose:
the infinitive (work/go etc.) or to ... (to w o rk/to go etc.) or
-ing (working/going etc.)
1 Shall 1 ope+i. the window? (open)
2 It’s late. I have
now. (go)
3 Ann isn’t .. working this week. She s on holiday, (work)
4 I’m tired. I don’t w an t...........................out. (go)
5 It m ight.......................... , so take an umbrella with you.
(rain)
6 What time do you have...........................tomorrow morning? (leave)
7 I’m afraid I can’t .......................... you. (help)
8 My brother is a student. He’s ...........................physics, (study)
9 Would you like...........................on a trip round the world? (go)
10 W hen you saw Janet, what was sh e ...........................? (wear)
11 When you go to London, where are you going...........................? (stay)
12 I’m hungry I m ust...........................something to eat. (have)
13 ‘Where’s George?’ ‘Lie’s ...........................a bath.’ (have)
14 I used...........................a car but I sold it last year, (have)
15 He spoke very quietly. I couldn’t ...........................him. (hear)
16 You don’t look well. I don’t think you should...........................to work today, (go)
17 I don’t know what he said. I wasn’t ...........................to him. (listen)
18 I’m sorry I’m late. I h a d ...........................a phone call, (make)
19 I w an t.......................... what happened, (know) You m u st............................me. (tell)
20 May I .......................... your phone? (use)
1109]
UNIT
51
A
to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
verbs + to ... (I w a n t to do)
w ant
hope
need
p lan
expect
p ro m is e
d ecid e
offer
refuse
+ to ... (to d o / to w o rk / to b e etc.)
What do you w a n t to d o this evening?
It’s not very late. We d o n ’t n e e d to go home yet.
Tina has d e c id e d to sell her car.
You fo rg o t to sw itch off the light when you went out.
My brother is le a rn in g to drive.
I trie d to rea d my book but I was too tired.
B
verbs + -in g (I enjoy doing)
enjoy
m in d
sto p
finish
su g g est
+ -»ng (d o in g / w o rk in g / b e in g etc.)
* I enjoy dancing, (not ‘enjoy to dance’)
0
* I don’t m in d getting up early.
® Has it sto p p e d raining?
* Sonia su g g e ste d going to the cinema.
verbs + - in g or to ...
like
p re fe r
love
h a te
s ta rt
b e g in
c o n tin u e
+ -in g (d o in g etc.) or to ... (to d o etc.)
Do you like getting up early? or Do you like to g e t up early?
I p re fe r travelling by car. or I p re fe r to travel by car.
Ann loves dancing, or Ann loves to d an ce.
I h a te being late, or I h a te to b e late.
It s ta rte d raining, or It s ta rte d to rain .
w o u ld like to ... (etc.)
w o u ld like
w o u ld prefer
*
•
•
*
+ to ... (to d o / to w o rk / to be etc.)
Julia w o u ld like to m e e t you. (not ‘would like meeting’)
I’d love to go to Australia. (I’d = I w ould)
W ould you like to sit down?’
‘No, I’d p re fe r to sta n d , thank you.’
I w o u ld n ’t like to b e a teacher.
w ould like => Eufl
I 10]
w o u ld love
w o u ld ' hate
p rep o sitio n + - i n g :
I w an t y ou to
UNIT 105
go + -in g =
U N IT
51
EXERCISES
51.1
Put the verb in the rig h tfo rm , t o ... or -in g .'
1 I enjoy
(dance).
2 What do you want
do (do) tonight?
3 Goodbye! I h o p e.....................(sec) you
again soon.
4 I learnt.....................(swim) when 1 was
five years old.
5 Have you finished..................... (clean) the
kitchen?
6 I’m tired. I w ant.....................(go) to bed.
7 Do you enjoy.....................(visit) other
countries?
.8 The weather was nice, so I suggested
.................... (go) for a walk by the river.
51.2
9 Where’s Bill? He promised.....................
(be) here on time.
10 I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind
(wait).
11 What have you decided.....................(do)?
12 George was very angry and refused
(speak) to me.
13 Where’s Ann? 1 n eed .....................(ask)
her something.
14 I was very upset and started................(cry)15 I’m trying.....................(work). Please stop
..................... (talk).
Complete the sentences using t o ... or -ing. Use one of these verbs:
go
help
hve
lose
rain
read
see
sen d
t ake
w ait
w alk
w atch
1 I like London but I wouldn’t like
Uye. there.
(QR.to.takeO photographs when I’m on holiday.
3 Linda has a lot of books. She enjoys.............................
4 I’m surprised that you’re here. I didn’t expect...........................you.
5 Don’t forget.......................... us a postcard when you’re on holiday.
6 ‘Shall we get a taxi to the cinema?’ ‘If you like, but it isn’t far. I don’t m in d ......
7 This ring is very beautiful. I’d h a te .......................... it.
8 Julia had a lot to do, so 1 offered...........................her.
9 What shall we do this afternoon? Would you lik e...........................to the beach?
10 When I’m tired in the evenings, I like...........................television.
11 ‘Shall we go now?’ ‘No, I’d prefer...........................a few minutes.’
12 I’m not going out until it stops.............................
2 I like
Complete the answers to the questions.
Do you usually get up early ?
Do you ever go to museums?
Do you often write letters?
Have you ever been to New York?
Do you often travel by train?
Shall we eat at home or go to a
restaurant?
51.4
Yes, I like getting (OR to get) up earLy .
Yes, 1 love............................................................
No, I don’t like ...................................................
No, but I’d lo v e.................................... one day.
Yes, 1 enjoy .........................................................
I don’t m in d ....................................a restaurant
but I’d prefer........................................home.
Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use t o ... or -ing.
1 I enjoy ........................................ ..............................
2 I don’t like ................................................................
3 If it’s a nice day tomorrow, I’d lik e .........................
4 When I’m on holiday, 1like ...................................
5 I don’t m in d ..................................................... b u t.
6 I wouldn’t like..........................................................
[ I ll]
I want you to ...
I told you to
I w a n t you to ...
The woman w an ts to go.
The man d o e s n ’t w a n t the woman to go.
He w a n ts her to stay.
We say:
OS
I w ant
you
so m e b o d y
A nn
to d o something
I w a n t you to be happy, (not ‘I want that you are happy’)
• They didn’t w a n t a n y b o d y to k n o w their secret.
• Do you w a n t m e to len d you some money?
•
We use w o u ld like in the same way:
• W ould you like m e to le n d you some money?
B
We also use this structure (verb + somebody + to ...) with:
verb
ask
tell
advise
expect
p e rsu a d e
teach
Sue
1
What do you
I didn’t
We
I
+
asked
to ld
advise
expect
p e rsu a d e d
ta u g h t
somebody -I- to ..
a friend
you
me
them
George
my brother
to
to
to
to
to
to
lend
be
do?
be
com e
sw im .
her some money.
careful.
here.
with us.
I to ld you to ... / I to ld you n o t to ...
S < !\ — Wait for me. 1
--------------------ANN
—> Ann to ld me to w a it for her.
MR
—» Paul to ld Sue n o t to w ait for him.
* ’1 ^ D o n ’t wait for me.)
SUE
m ak e and let
After m ak e and let. we do not use to:
• He’s very funny. He m ak es me lau g h , (not ‘makes me to laugh’)
• At school our teacher m a d e us w o rk very hard.
• Sue le t me use her computer because mine wasn’t working (not ‘let me to use’)
You can say L e t’s ... (= L et us) when you want people to do things with you:
• Come on! L e t’s d an ce.
• ‘Shall we go out tonight?’ ‘No, I’m tired. L e t’s stay at home.’
[112]
H e told m e th a t ... =>
UNIT 49
U N IT
52
EXERCISES
^ 52.1
Write sentences beginning I want you . . . / I don’t want you . . . / D o you want me ... ?
1 (you must come with me)
2 (listen carefully)
...!...WM't you to come wdii me.
I w ant
I don’t
Do y o u
3 (please don’t be angry)
4 (shall I wait for you?)
5 (don’t phone me tonight)
6 (you must meet Sarah)
- 52.2
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
^ (Qm~yow Help me?)
Where s t h e 1)
station? J y
/ T m left cL-fter
\th e bridge.
Come on! Let’s go'''
to the cinema!
It’s a good -film
Yow should g<
to the doctor
ffrvfcl
LINDA
Af e w i i
Can I u s e N 7 / Don't phone
your phone?
\before 8 o’clock:
I’m bwsu now. Come
bade in cen minutes.
course.
■TOM
Yes, my motherxHjJJj
. tau q h tm e . / a n n
.... ■- TW flll UU
PAUL
1
2
3
4
5
Dan persuaded me to go to tb e c^em a.
I wanted to get to the station. A woman told
Brian wasn’t well. I advised..............................
Linda had a Jot of luggage. She asked..............
I was busy. I to ld ................................................
6 I wanted to make a phone call. Paul le t...........
7 Sue is going to phone later. I to ld ...................
8 Ann’s mother ta u g h t.........................................
52.3
Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go / to wait etc.);
sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait etc.).
arriv e
b o rro w
get
go
go
m ak e
re p e a t
tell
th in k
w ait
1 Please stay here. I don’t want you to. go....
2 1 didn’t hear what she said, so I asked h e r ................................ it.
3 ‘Shall we begin?’ ‘No, let’s ................................ a few minutes.’
4 Are they already here? I expected th e m ................................ much later.
5 Kevin’s parents didn’t want h im ................................ married:
6 1want to stay here. You can’t make m e ................................ with you.
7 ‘Is that your bicycle?’ ‘No, it’s John’s. He let m e ................................ it.’
8 Mary can’t come to the party. She told m e ................................ you.
9 Would you like a drink? Would you like m e ................................ some coffee?
10 ‘Ann doesn’t like me.’ ‘W hat makes y o u ................................ that?’
[113]
UNIT
53
I went to the shop to .
Paula wanted a newspaper, so she
went to the shop.
Why did she go to the shop?
To b u y a newspaper.
She went to the shop to b u y a
newspaper.
to ... (to buy / to see etc.) tells us why a person does something:
• ‘Why are you going out?’ ‘To g e t some bread.’
• Ann went to the station to m e e t her friend.
• Sue turned on the television to w a tc h the news.
• I’d like to go to Spain to le a rn Spanish.
m o n e y /tim e to (do something):
• We need some m o n e y to b u y food.
• I haven’t got tim e to w a tc h television.
to ... and fo r ...
to + verb
(to b u y / to see etc.)
• I went to the shop to b u y a newspaper.
(not ‘for buy’)
• They’re going to Scotland to see their
friends.
• We need some money to b u y food.
fo r + noun
(for a n e w sp a p e r / fo r fo o d etc.)
* I went to the shop fo r a n ew sp a p e r.
* They’re going to Scotland fo r a holiday.
* We need some money fo r fo o d .
I can’t go out yet. I’m
waiting for John to phone.
w a it fo r ...
• Please w a it fo r m e.
• Are you w a itin g fo r th e bus?
w ait to (do something):
• Hurry up! I’m w a itin g to go.
• Are you w a itin g to see the doctor?
w a it fo r (somebody/something) to ...
• I can’t go out yet. I’m w a itin g fo r Jo h n
to p h o n e .
• Are you w a itin g fo r th e d o c to r to com e?
[114]
UNIT 54 1 so m e th in g to ea t / n o th in g to d o etc.
go to ... and go fo r . m
\ UNIT 901
too ... to /f o r ... =>
en o u g h to /f o r ... =>
E2H I
U N IT
EXERCISES
53.1
53
Write sentences beginning I went to
fche-^-ta-fck-m
the cafe
Choose from the boxes.
the post office
the supermarket
buy some food
get some stamps
meet a friend
1
I wmb to e ^
2 I w e n t..............................................................
3
53.2
Finish the sentences. Choose from the box.
to open this door
to wake him up
to read the newspaper
to see who it was
to get some fresh air
1 I turned on the television
to watch
news.
Alice sat down in an arm chair.........................................................................................................
Do I need a key .............................................................................................................................. ?
I went for a walk by the riv e r...........................................................................................................
I knocked on the door o f Davids ro o m ..........................................................................................
6 The doorbell rang, so 1 looked out of the w indow .......................................................................
2
3
4
5
53.3
Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to . . . .
1
2
3
4
5
53.4
I went to the shop to buy a newspaper.
I’m very busy. I haven’t got time ...................................................................................................
I phoned A n n ....................................................................................................................................
I’m going o u t ....................................................................................................................................
I borrowed some money...................................................................................................................
Put in to or for.
1
2
3
4
5
Paula went to the shop
buy some bread.
We went to a restaurant..........have dinner.
Robert wants to go to university..........study economics.
I’m going to London..........an interview next week.
I’m going to London..........visit some friends o f mine.
6 Have you got tim e..........a cup o f coffee?
7 I got up late this morning. I didn’t have tim e ..........wash.
8 Everybody needs m oney.......... live.
9 The office is very small. There’s space o n ly .......... a desk and chair.
10 A: Excuse me, are you w aiting..........use the phone?
B: No, I’m w aiting..........somebody.
53.5
Finish these sentences. Choose from:
J oh n / p h o n e
it / to a rriv e
1 I can’t go out yet. I’m waiting .
y o u / tell m e
th e film / b e g in
.Ph?*).®:-
2 I sat down in the cinema and w aited........................
3 We called an ambulance and w aited .........................
4 ‘Do you know what to do?’ ‘No, I’m w aiting......
1115]
0
g o t o . ..
g o o n .. .
go f o r ...
go-ing
go to ... (go to w o rk / go to L o n d o n / go to a c o n c e r t etc.)
•
•
•
•
•
What time do you usually go to w ork?
I’m g o in g to F ran ce next week.
Tom didn’t want to go to th e c o n c e rt.
‘Where’s Ann?’ ‘She’s g o n e to b ed .’
I w e n t to the d e n tist last week.
---------
go to
go to sleep = start to sleep:
• I was very tired and w e n t to sleep quickly.
go h o m e (without to)
• I’m g o in g h o m e now. (not ‘going to home’)
B
go o n ..
holiday
a trip
a tour
an excursion
a cruise
strike
We’re g o in g o n h o lid ay next week.
Children often go o n sch o o l trips.
When we were in Scotland, we w e n t o n a lo t o f e x cu rsio n s
to different places.
The workers have g o n e o n strike. (= they are refusing to
work)
go fo r ...
a walk
a run
a swim
go (somewhere) fo r
a drink
a meal
a holiday
D
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘She’s g o n e fo r a w alk.’
Do you go fo r a r u n every day?
The sea looks nice. Let’s go fo r a sw im .
We w e n t fo r a d rin k after work yesterday.
Shall we go out fo r a m eal? I know a good restaurant.
They’ve g o n e to Scotland fo r a holiday.
(We say ‘o n h o lid a y ’ hut ‘fo r a holiday’.)
go + -in g
We use go + -in g for many sports (sw im m in g / sk iin g etc.) and also sh o p p in g :
I
he is g o in g
we w e n t
they have g o n e
she wants to go
•
•
•
•
[1 1 6 ]
•
•
•
•
•
•
shopping
go
swimming
fishing
sailing
skiing
jogging etc.
Are you g o in g s h o p p in g this afternoon?
It’s a nice day. Let’s go s w im m in g , (or Let’s go fo r a swim.)
Rachel has a small boat and she often goes sailing.
I w e n t jo g g in g before breakfast this morning.
U N IT
54
EXERCISES
54.1
Put in to/on/for where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
I’m going ..ifP. .. France next week.
Rachel often goes
sailing.
Sue w e n t..........Mexico last year.
Would you like to g o ..........the cinema this evening?
Jack goes..........jogging every morning.
6 I’m going o u t..........a walk. Do you want to come?
7 I’m tired because I went to a party last night and w e n t..........bed very late.
8 Martin is going..........holiday........... Italy next week.
9 The weather was warm and the river was clean, so we w e n t..........a swim.
10 There will be no buses next week because the bus drivers are going...........strike.
1 I I need some stamps, so I’m going........... the post office.
12 It’s late. I must g o ..........home now.
13 Would you like to g o ..........a tour o f the city?
14 Shall we go o u t..........a meal this evening?
15 My parents are going..........a cruise this summer.
54.2
Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use go/goes/going/went + -ing.
2 last Saturday
RACHEL
3
every day
4
GEORGE
n ext month
LIN DA
1
2
3
4
5
Rachel has a boat. She often goes sojiitnq
Last Saturday Diane w e n t.........................................................
G eorge.......................................................every day.
Linda is going on holiday next month. She is ........................................
Peter is going out later. He has t o .........................................................
6 Sheila.......................................................after work yesterday evening.
5 4.3
Use the words in the box to finish these sentences. Use to/on/for if necessary.
home
a walk
4
5
6
7
8
9
shopping
Portugal
holiday
riding
a swim
the bank
sleep
skiing
The sea looks nice. Let’s go
.
‘Is Ann at home?’ ‘No, she’s g o n e ..................................................to get some money.’
I’m going..................................................now. 1 have to buy some presents.
I was very tired last night. I sat down in an armchair and w en t.
I wasn’t enjoying the party, so I w en t..................................................early.
We live near the mountains. In winter we g o ..................................................every weekend.
Richard has got a horse. He often goes....................................................
The weather is nice. Shall we g o ................................................... in the park?
A: Are you going..................................................soon?
B: Yes, next month. We’re going....................................................
[117]
U N IT
55
get
g et a le tte r / g et a jo b etc. (get + noun) = receive/buy/fetch/find:
•
•
•
•
‘Did you g et my letter?’ ‘Yes, I g o t it yesterday.’ (= receive)
I like your pullover. Where did you g et it? (= buy)
(on the phone) ‘Hello, can 1 speak to Ann, please?’ ‘One moment. I’ll g e t her.’ (= fetch)
It’s difficult to g e t a job at the moment. (—find)
also get a bus / a tra in / a taxi (— take a bus/train etc.):
• ‘Did you come here on foot.?’
‘No, I g o t the bus.’
g et h u n g ry / g e t c o ld / g e t tire d etc. (get + adjective) = become:
you g e t h u n g ry
you are h u n g r y
•
•
•
•
If you don’t eat, you g e t h u n g ry .
Drink your coffee. It’s g e ttin g cold.
I’m sorry your mother is ill. I hope she gets b e tte r soon.
We g o t very w et because we didn’t have an umbrella.
also g e t m a r r ie d
g et dressed (= put your clothes on)
g et lo st (= lose your way)
• Linda and Frank are g e ttin g m a r r ie d soon,
• I got up and g o t d ressed quickly,
• We went for a walk and g o t lost.
g et to a place = arrive:
I usually get to w o rk before 8.30. (= arrive at work)
• We left London at 10 o’clock and g o t to M a n c h e ste r
at 12.45.
• How did you g e t here? By bus?
g et h o m e (without to):
• What time did you g e t h o m e last night?
i-----,
|
//
/
g et i n / o u t / o n / o f f
g e t in (a car)
get on
g et o f f
(a bus / a train / a plane)
g et o u t (o f a car)
• Kate g o t in th e c a r and drove away. ( You can also say: Kate got in to the car ...)
• A car stopped and a man g o t o u t. (but A man got out o f th e car.)
• We g o t o n th e bus outside the hotel and g o t o ff in Church Street.
[1 1 8 1
g e t to
UNIT
101
in /o u t/o n /o f f
=>
UNITS
103,107
get up
UNIT 107
get on :
APPENDIX 6
U N IT
EXERCISES
55.1
55
Complete these sentences. Use get(s) and choose from the box.
a taxi
your jacket
my-k-tter
a good salary
some milk
a ticket
a doctor
thejob
1
2
3
4
5
I wrote to you last week. Did you .jet..my. Letter ?
Where did y o u .................................................................. ? It’s very nice.
Quick! This man is ill. We m ust..................................................................
I don’t want to walk home. Let’s ..................................................................
I had an interview with the manager hut I didn’t ......................................
6 When you go out, can y o u .................................................................. ?
7 ‘Are you going to the concert?’ ‘Yes, if I can .............................
8 Margaret has got a well-paid job. S h e....................................................................
55.2
Complete these sentences. Use getting + one of these words:
d a rk
1
2
3
4
5
55.3
late
e o ld
ready
m a rrie d
...
Drink your coffee. It’s 9 ^ ^ 9
Turn on the light. It’s ....................................................................
‘I’m .................................................................. next week.’ ‘Oh, really? Congratulations!’
‘Where’s Sally?’ ‘She’s .................................................................. to go out.’
It’s .................................................................... It’s time to go home.
Complete the sentences. Use get/got + one of these words:
a n g ry
b e tte r
h u n g ry
lo st
m a rrie d
n erv o u s
o ld
w et
1 If you don’t eat, you ...9^
2
3
4
5
D on’t go out in the rain. You’l l ....................................................................
My brother.................................................................. last year. His wife’s name is Julia.
Why did y o u .................................................................. with me? I didn’t do anything wrong.
We tried to find the hotel but w e ..................................................................
6 Everybody wants to stay young but we all....................................................................
7 The beginning of the film wasn’t very good but i t ....................................................................
8 Most people.................................................................. before examinations.
55.4
Write sentences with I le ft... and got to . .. .
1 home / 7.30 —>work / 8.15
.^.. 7 ..tp work .ftt S;15r
2 London / 10.15 —> Bristol / 11.45
I left London at 10 .15 and ..............................................................................................................
3 the party / I 1.15 —> home / midnight
4 Write a true sentence about yourself.
I le ft..................................................................................................................................................
55.5
Put in got in / got out of / got on / got off.
1 Kate gokJ*1...the car and drove away.
2 I ............................................the bus and walked to my house from the bus stop.
3 A n n ............................................the car, shut the door and went into a shop.
4 I made a stupid mistake. I ............................................ the wrong train.
[119]
UNIT
56
«
do and make
D o is a general word for actions:
• What are you d o in g this evening? (not ‘What are you making?’)
• ‘Shall I open the window?’ ‘No, it’s OK. I’ll d o it.’
• Julia’s job is very boring. She do es the same thing every day.
• I d id a lot of things yesterday.
W h a t d o y o u do? = W hat’s your job?:
• ‘What do you do?’ ‘I work in a bank.’
B
M ake - produce/create. For example:
She’s m a k in g coffee.
He has m a d e a cake.
They m a k e umbrellas. It was m a d e in France.
Compare d o and m ake:
• I d id a lot of things yesterday. I c le a n e d my room, 1 w ro te some letters and I m a d e a
cake.
• A: What do you d o in your free time? Sport? Reading? Hobbies?
B: I m ak e clothes. I m a k e dresses and jackets. I also m a k e toys for children.
Expressions with d o
•
•
•
•
•
•
an exam (examination) / a test
a course
homework
(somebody) a favour
exercises
housework
do
I’m d o in g m y d riv in g te st next week.
John has just d o n e a tra in in g co u rse.
Have the children d o n e th e ir h o m ew o rk ?
Ann, could you d o m e a favour?
I go for a run and d o exercises every morning.
I hate d o in g h o u se w o rk , especially cleaning.
also d o th e s h o p p in g / th e w ash in g / th e w a sh in g -u p / th e iro n in g / th e c o o k in g etc.:
• 1 d id th e w ash in g but I didn’t d o th e sh o p p in g .
D
Expressions with m ak e
m ak e
a mistake
an appointment
a phone call
a list
a noise
a bed
I’m sorry, I m a d e a m istak e.
I must m a k e an a p p o in tm e n t to see the doctor.
Excuse me, I have to m a k e a p h o n e call.
Have you m a d e a sh o p p in g list?
It’s late. We mustn’t m a k e a noise.
Sometimes 1 forget to m a k e m y b e d in the morning.
We say m ak e a film but tak e a p h o to g ra p h :
• W hen was th is film m ade? but When was th is p h o to g ra p h taken?
[120 ]
d o /d o e s /d id (negatives and questions) :
units
42-43
m ak e so m eb o d y d o so m e th in g :
U N IT
EXERCISES
56.1
Put in make/making/made or do/doing/did/done.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
56.2
‘Shall 1 open the window?’ ‘No, it’s OK. I’ll A ? . it.’
What did y o u ...........................at the weekend? Did you go away?
Do you know how t o ...........................bread?
Paper is .......................... from wood.
Richard didn’t help me. He sat in an armchair an d ...........................nothing.
‘What do y o u ...........................?’ ‘I’m a doctor.’
I asked you to clean the bathroom. Have y o u .......................... it?
‘What do th ey .......................... in that factory?’ ‘Shoes.’
I’m .......................... some coffee. Would you like some?
Why are you angry with me? I didn’t ...........................anything wrong.
‘What arc y o u ...........................tomorrow afternoon?’ ‘I’m working.’
What are these people doing?
1
He’s making a. caJce..
2 T h e y ...............................................................
3 He.!.................................................................
4
5
6
56.3
56
7
8 ..............
9
10
11
12
..............
..............
..............
.................
Putin make or do in the correct form .
1 I hate .ApixyQ... housework, especially cleaning.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Why do you always........................... the same mistake?
‘Can y o u ...........................me a favour?’ ‘It depends what it is.’
‘Have y o u ...........................your homework?’ ‘N ot yet.’
I need to see the dentist but I haven’t ...........................an appointment.
I’m .......................... a course in photography at the moment. It’s very good.
The last time I ...........................an exam was ten years ago.
W hen you’ve finished Exercise 1, you c a n ...........................Exercise 2.
There’s something wrong with the car. The engine is ...........................a strange noise.
It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I’ve ever.............................
Let’s ...........................a list o f all the things we have t o ............................today.
[1 2 1 ]
UNIT
57
have
have and have g o t (=> U nit 9)
I ’ve g o t (something) or I have (something) = it is mine:
• I’ve g o t a new car. or I have a new car.
• Sue has g o t long hair, or Sue has long hair.
• H ave they g o t any children? or D o they have any children?
• Tim h a s n ’t g o t a job. or Tim d o e s n ’t have a job.
• How m uch time have you got? or H ow m uch time d o you have?
also
I’ve g o t
I have
a headache / (a) toothache / a stomach ache / a pain (in my leg etc.)
a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature / flu etc.
• i’ve g o t a headache, or I have a headache.
• H ave you g o t a cold? or D o you have a cold?
The past is: I h a d (w ithout ‘got’) / I d id n ’t have / D id you have? etc.:
• W hen I first m et Sue, she h a d short hair.
• He d id n ’t have any m oney because he d id n ’t have a job.
• How much time d id you have?
B
have b rea k fa st / have a sh o w er etc.
In these expressions have = eat/drink/take etc. You cannot use ‘have got’.
have
breakfast / lunch / dinner
a meal / a sandwich / a pizza etc.
a cup o f coffee / a glass o f milk etc.
something to eat/drink
‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘She’s h a v in g lunch.’
I d o n ’t usually have breakfast.
I h a d three cups o f coffee this morning.
'H ave a biscuit!’ ‘O h, thank you.’
We also use have (not ‘have got’) in these expressions:
have
a bath / a shower
a rest / a holiday / a party
a nice time / a good journey etc.
a walk / a swim / a game (of tennis etc.)
a dream / an accident
a baby
a look ( a t...)
• I h a d a shower this m orning.
• W e’re h a v in g a party next week. You
must come.
• Enjoy your holiday. H ave a nice time!
• D id you have a good time in London?
• Sandra has just h a d a baby.
• Can I have a look at your newspaper?
fVrr\ Having a^\
V. shower. J
Com pare I ’ve g o t and I have:
• I’ve g o t / I have a new shower. It’s very good.
( You can use I ’ve g o t or I have in this sentence.)
• I have a shower every m orning, (not ‘I’ve g o t’)
• A: W here’s Paul?
B: H e’s h a v in g a shower. (= he’s washing now)
[122]
I have / I ’ve got =>
I’ve (done) (present pcrfect) =>
UNITS
SrS&l
15-18
I have to ... =>
UNIT 34
U N IT
57
EXERCISES
57.1
Put in the correct form of have or have got.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
57.2
..!...4i4^..t..h^yer. .. time to do the shopping yesterday.
'Has Lisa, got (OR Does Lisa ha-ye)'...a car?’ ‘N o, she can’t drive.’
He can’t open the door................................................... a key.
a cold last week. H e’s better now.
W hat’s wrong? ............................................. a headache?
We wanted to go by taxi but w e ............................................ enough money,
Liz is very busy. ............................................. m uch free time.
any problems w hen you were on holiday?
What are these people doing? Choose from the list:
a rest
a c u p o f tea
d in n e r
a b a th
1 They're Having b r e a k f a s t .
a n ice tim e
4 They
5
2 She ..........................................
3 H e ...........................................
57.3
(1 / not / have)
(Lisa / have?)
(lie / not / have)
(George / have)
(you / have?)
(wc / not / have)
(she / not / have)
(you / have?)
6
What do you say in these situations?
1 Ann is going on holiday. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
Have a n ^ HoUd^Uj!
2 You meet Claire at the airport. She has just got off her plane. Ask her about the flight.
Did, you Have a, good, -flight?...
3 Tom is going on a longjourney. W hat do you say to him before he leaves?
4 It’s Monday m orning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend.
5 Paul has just come hom e after playing tennis with a friend. Ask him about the game.
6 Rachel is going out for a meal tonight. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
57.4
Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list.
an a c c id e n t
1
2
3
4
5
6
a glass o f w a te r
a lo o k
a w alk
a-p&r t y
s o m e th in g to e a t
We had, a. pa riy ...a few weeks ago. We invited fifty people.
‘Shall w e ..................................................................... ?’ ‘No, I ’m not hungry.’
1 was thirsty, so I .......................................................................
I like to get up early a n d ..................................................................... before breakfast.
Tina is a very good driver. She has n e v e r.......................................................................
T here’s something wrong with the engine o f my car. Can y o u ............................................ at it?
[ 123 ]
U N IT
58
I/me
he/him
I
me
subject
object
we
us
they/them etc.
you
you
I know Ann.
We know Ann.
You know Ann.
H e knows Ann.
She knows Ann.
T h e y know Ann.
Ann knows m e.
Ann knows us.
Ann knows you.
Ann knows h im .
Ann knows her.
Ann knows th em .
me
us
you
h im
h er
th e m
it
it
•
•
•
•
C
11 2 4 1
she
her
object
subject
I
we
you
he
she
th ey
he
h im
they
th e m
I don’t want th is b o o k . You can have it.
I don’t want these b o o k s. You can have th e m .
Diane never drinks m ilk. She doesn’t like it.
I never go to p a rtie s. 1 don’t like th e m .
We use m e / h e r / th e m etc. (object) after a preposition ( f o r /to /w ith etc.):
• This letter isn’t fo r m e. It’s fo r you.
• W ho is that woman? W hy are you looking a t her?
• W e’re going to the cinema. D o you want to come w ith us?
• Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. D o you want to go w ith th em ?
• ‘W here’s the newspaper?’ ‘You’re sitting o n it.’
give it/th e m to ...
• I want that book. Please give it to m e.
• R obert wants these books. Can you give th e m to h im , please?
m y /h is /th e ir etc.
Give m e th a t bo o k / Give it to m e =>
UNIT 95
they
th e m
EXERCISES
58.1
Finish the sentences with him/her/them.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
58.2
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
I don’t
know
know
know
know
know
know
know
those girls. Do you know
?
that man. D o you k n o w ............................?
those people. D o you k n o w ............................?
David’s wife. D o you k n o w ............................?
M r Stevens. D o you k n o w ............................?
Sarah’s parents. Do you k n o w ............................?
the wom an w ith the black coat. Do you know ....
Complete the sentences. Use l/me/you/she/her etc.
1 I want to see h e r but s h e doesn’t want to see tY’e .
- d _____________________ _ J
[___________1
2 T h e y want to see m e b u t ............................d o n ’t want to s e e ....
3 She wants to see h im b u t ............................doesn’t want to see .
4 We want to see th e m b u t ............................d on’t want to s e e ....
5 H e wants to see us b u t ............................don’t want to s e e .........
6 T h e y want to see h e r b u t ............................doesn’t want to see
7 I want to see th e m b u t ............................don’t want to s e e .........
8 You want to see h e r b u t ............................doesn’t want to see ....
~\
58.3
Write sentences beginning I like ..., I don’t lik e ... or Do you lik e ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
58.4
I don’t eat tomatoes. ...I don fc tike ttieni ....
George is a very nice man. I lik e ................................................
This jacket isn’t very nice. 1 don’t ................................................
This is my new car. D o ..............................................?
Mrs Clark is not very friendly. 1 ................................................
These are my new shoes................................................. ?
Complete the sentences. Use l/me/he/him etc.
1 W ho is that woman? W hy are you looking at h y . ?
2 ‘D o you know that man?’ ‘Yes, 1 work w ith ........................ ’
3 W here are the tickets? I can’t fin d ........................
4 I can’t find my keys. W here a re ...................... ?
5 We’re going out. You can come w ith .........................
6 Margaret likes music...........................plays the piano.
7 I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid o f .........................
8 I’m talking to you. Please listen t o .........................
9 W here is Ann? I want to talk t o .........................
10 My brother has a new jo b ............................doesn’t lik e ........................very much.
58.5
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I want that book. Can you S ^ e
jn e ?
He wants the key. Can you g iv e ..................................................................... ?
She wants the keys. Can y o u .....................................................................?
I want that letter. Can y o u ..................................................................... ?
They want the money. Can y o u ..................................................................... ?
We want the photographs. Can y o u ..................................................................... ?
U N IT
59
my/his/their etc.
I
we
you
he
she
they
—> m y
—^ o u r
—> y o u r
his
-» h e r
—> th e ir
it
its
I
We
You
He
She
They
like
like
like
likes
likes
like
my
our
your
his
her
th e ir
Oxford (= it:) s famous for its
We use m y /y o u r /h is etc. + a noun:
m y hands
his m other
o u r house
y o u r best friend
B
job.
jobs.
job.
job.
job.
jobs.
h e r new car
th e ir room
h is /h e r/th e ir
M
h e r car
(= D iane’s car)
h e r husband
•\ (= D iane’s
' husband)
h e r children
(= Diane’s
children)
w
[126]
his bicycle
rs
T
hom son
th e ir son
th e ir daughter
his parents
th e ir children
Oxford is famous for its university.
I like Oxford. I t ’s a nice city. (= It is a nice city.)
m in e /y o u rs etc. => E u L i i
M
his sister
its and i t ’s
its
i t ’s (= it is)
r and
A ndy
D lA N t
I /m e /m y /m in e => lU U U l
UN IT
59
EXERCISES
59.1
Finish these sentences.
1 I’m going to wash
h(kx\<is .
2 She’s going to wash ...................
3 We re going to wash .................
59.2
Finish these sentences.
1
2
3
4
59.3
4 H e’s going to w ash......
5 T hey’re going to wash
6 Are you going to wash
He Lives wj#1
.
They live w i t h ................................. parents.
W e ......................................................parents.
Julia lives..........................................................
1 saw Liz w ith
...husband, Philip.
I saw Ann and Ted w ith .......... children.
I saw Ted w ith .......... wife, Ann.
I saw George w ith .......... brother, Bill.
I saw Ann w ith .......... brother, Bill.
I saw Liz and Philip w ith ...........son, Bill.
I saw Ann w ith .......... parents.
I saw Diana and R o b e rt w ith .......... parents.
Put in my/our/your/his/her/their/its.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
59.5
I ........................................................ parents.
John ................................................................
D o you liv e ..................................................?
Most c h ild ren ................................................
Look at the family tree and complete the sentences with his/her/their.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
59.4
5
6
7
8
D o you like
job?
I know Mr Watson but I don’t k n o w ................ wife.
M r and Mrs Baker live in London......................son lives in Australia.
We re going to have a party. We’re going to invite a ll................ friends.
Ann is going out w ith ................ friends this evening.
1 like tennis. It’s ................ favourite sport.
‘Is th a t................ car?’ ‘No, I haven’t got a car.’
I want to phone Ann. Do you k n o w .................phone number?
Do you think most people are happy i n ................ jobs?
I’m going to w ash................ hair before I go out.
This is a beautiful tree...................... leaves are a beautiful colour.
John has a brother and a sister......................brother is 25 a n d ..................sister is 21.
Complete the sentences. Use my/his/their etc. with one of these words:
coat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
h o m e w o rk
h o u se
h u sb a n d
Jo b
key
nam e
Jim doesn’t enjoy . h ^ jp b .....it’s not very interesting.
I can’t open the door. I haven’t g o t......................................................
Sally is m arried......................................................... works in a bank.
It’s very cold today. Put o n ....................................................w hen you go out.
‘W hat are the children doing?’ ‘T hey’re d o in g .....................................................’
‘Do you know that man?’ ‘Yes, but I don’t k n o w .....................................................’
We live in Barton Street......................................................... is at the end on the left.
|127 |
U N IT
EyJ
Whose is this?
I
we
you
he
she
they
—» m y
—> o u r
—> y o u r
—> his
—> h e r
—> th e ir
—>
—»
—>
—>
—>
—>
m in e
o u rs
y o u rs
his
hers
theirs
It’s mine/yours/hers etc.
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
m y money.
o u r money.
y o u r money.
his money.
h e r money.
th e ir money.
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
It’s
m in e .
ours.
yours.
his.
hers.
th eirs.
Wc use m y /y o u r etc. + a noun (m y h a n d s / y o u r b o o k etc.):
• M y h a n d s are cold.
• Is this y o u r book?
• Ann gave me h e r u m b rella.
• It’s th e ir p ro b le m , not o u r p ro b le m .
We use
•
•
•
•
m in e /y o u rs etc. w ithout a noun:
Is this book m in e or yours? (= my book or your book)
I didn’t have an umbrella, so Ann gave me hers. (= her umbrella)
It’s their problem, not ou rs. (= not our problem)
We went in our car and they went in th eirs. (= their car)
You can use his w ith or w ithout a noun:
• ‘Is this his c a m e ra or h ers?’
a friend
•
•
•
D
‘It’s his.
o f m in e / a friend o f his / some friends o f y o u rs etc.
I went out to m eet a friend o f m in e . (not. ‘a friend o f m e’)
Tom was with a friend o f his. (not ‘a friend o f him ’)
Are those people friends o f yours? (not ‘friends o f you’)
W hose .. . ?
• W h o se b o o k is this? ( - Is it your book? his book? my book? etc.)
You can use w h o se w ith or w ithout a noun:
• W h o se m o n e y is this?
, T,
'
' Its mine.
W h o se is this?
• W hose shoes are these?
They’re John’s.
W h o se are these?
[ 1 28 |
m y /h is /th e ir etc.
UNIT 59
I / m e / m y / m i n e => IUNIT 61
A n n ’s c a m e ra / m y b r o th e r ’s c a r => IUNIT 63
U N IT
60
EXERCISES
. 60.1
Finish the sentences with mine/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
' 60.2
It’s their/-t-hetfs-problem, not e a r/o u rs .
their and ours are right
This is a nice camera. Is it your/yours?
T hat’s not m y/m ine umbrella. M y/M ine is black.
W hose books are these? Your/Yours or m y/m ine?
Catherine is going out with her/hers friends this evening.
M y/M ine room is bigger than her/hers.
They’ve got two children but I don’t know their/theirs names.
Can we use your washing machine? Q u r/O u rs is broken.
Finish these sentences. Use friend(s) of mine/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
> 60.4
It’s their house. It’s ................
T hey’re your books. T hey’re
T hey’re my glasses. T hey’re ..
It’s his coat. It’s ......................
Choose the right word.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
60.3
It’s your money. It’s
5
It’s my bag. It’s ....................................................... 6
It’s our car. It’s ....................................................... 7
They’re her shoes. They’r e .................................. 8
I went to the cinema with a
o f wu^e-....
They went on holiday with some frtewd.s o f th e irs.
She’s going out with a frie n d .............................................................
We had dinner with some ..................................................................
I played tennis with a ..........................................................................
Tom is going to m eet a .......................................................................
Do you know those people? Are th e y ..............................................
Look at the pictures. What are the people saying?
UNIT
61
l/me/my/mine
(=> U nit58)
(=> U nit 58)
(=> U nit 59)
(=> U nit 60)
• ‘D o you know that man?’ ‘Yes, I know h im but I can’t rem em ber his n a m e .’
• She was very pleased because w e invited h e r to stay w ith us at o u r house.
• A: W here arc the children? Have you seen them ?
B: Yes, th ey are playing with th e ir frie n d s in the park.
• T hat’s m y p en. Can you give it to m e , please?
• ‘Is this y o u r u m b re lla ? ’ ‘No, it’s y o u rs.’
• H e didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave h im h ers. (= she gave her umbrella to him)
• I ’m m eeting a friend o f m in e this evening, (not ‘a friend o f m e’)
m yself/y o u rself etc. =>
UNIT
62
G ive m e th a t b o o k
/ G ive it to m e =>
UNIT
95
U N IT
61
EXERCISES
61.1
Answer the questions in the same way.
Do you know
that woman?
[ Do you know
Yes. I kMW Hirifi bwfc I can’t remember his
notme.
Yes, I k n o w ..................................but I can’t
rem em ber........................................................
Do you
know those
I people?
know me?
names.
61.2
Finish these sentences in the same way.
1
2
3
4
5
6
61.3
Complete the sentences in the same way.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
61.4
Wc invited her
w&
0Mr House.
He invited us to stay w ith ............................................. house.
They invited me to stay w ith .................................... .........house.
I invited th e m ..............................................................
She invited u s ..............................................................
Did you invite h im .....................................................
I gave him ... TT?iJ add ress and he gave me h is.
I gave h e r .......... . address and she gave me ...........................................
He gave m e ...... ... address and I g av e....................................................
We gave th e m ........... address and they g a v e ..........................................
She gave h im ... ......address and .............................................................
You gave u s ....... ...address a n d ................................................................
They gave you ........... address and ..........................................................
Put in him/her/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
W here’s Ann? Have you seen !?.?£.. ?
W here are my keys? W here did I p u t ................ ?
This letter is for Bill. Can you give it t o ................ ?
We wrote to John but he didn’t answ er................ letter.
‘1 can’t find my pen. Can I u s e ................ ?’ ‘Yes, o f course.’
We’re going to the cinema. W hy don’t you come w ith ..........
Did your sister pass................ exams?
Some people talk a b o u t................ jobs all die time.
Last night I w ent out for a meal with a friend o f ..................
1131]
myself/yourself/themselves etc.
H e’s looking at him self.
Help yourself!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I —> m e
he —> h im
she —» h e r
—> m y se lf
—> h im s e lf
h e rs e lf
[ y o u rse lf
you —> you -->
Lyourselves
we —> us
ourselves
they
th e m —» them selves
T hey’re enjoying them selves.
I looked at m y se lf in the mirror.
H e cut h im s e lf with a knife.
She fell off her bike but she didn’t hurt herself.
Please help yourself, (one person)
Please help yourselves, (two or more people)
We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.
They had a nice time. T h e y enjoyed them selves
Compare:
m e /h im /th e m etc.
m y se lf/h im se lf/th e m se lv e s etc.
h im
|
1— different people
• You never talk to m e.
• I didn’t pay for th e m .
• Did I hurt you?
H e is looking at h im s e lf
J
-the same person
• Sometimes I talk to myself.
• They paid for them selves.
• Be careful. D o n ’t hurt yourself.
by m y se lf / by y o u rse lf etc. = alone:
• I went on holiday by m yself. (= I went alone)
• ‘Was she with friends?’ ‘No, she was by herself.’
e ach o th e r
• Jill and Ann are good friends. They know e a ch o th e r well.
(= Jill knows Ann /A nn knows Jill)
• Paul and I live near e ach o th e r. (= he lives near me / I live near him)
Compare e a ch o th e r and -selves:
STEVE
• Steve and Sue looked at each other.
(= he looked at her / she looked at him)
• Steve and Sue looked at them selves.
(= he looked at himself / she looked at herself)
U N IT
62
EXERCISES
62>1
Finish the sentences with myself/yourself etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
62-2
He looked at
in the mirror.
I’m not angry with you. I’m angry w ith ....................................
Margaret had a nice time in London. She enjoyed....................................
My friends had a nice time in London. They enjoyed....................................
I picked up a very hot plate and b u r n t....................................
He never thinks about other people. H e only thinks a b o u t....................................
I want to know more about you. Tell me a b o u t.................................... (one person)
Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look a fte r..................................! (two people)
Write sentences with by myself / by yourself etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I w ent on holiday alone.
W hen I saw him, he was alone.
D on’t go out alone.
1 went to the cinema alone.
My sister lives alone.
Many people live alone.
1 w ent on Holulay by m yself.
W hen 1 saw him, he ...................................................................
D on’t .............................................................................................
I ................................................................................................................
Mv sister.......................................................................................
Many p e o p le ...............................................................................
62-3
Write sentences with each other.
62*4
Complete the sentences. Use: each other or ourselves/yourselves/themselves or us/you/them.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Paul and 1 live near
....
W ho ar.e those people? Do you know
.... ?
You can help Tom and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can h e lp ....................................
T here’s food in the kitchen. If you and Chris are hungry, you can h e lp ....................................
We didn’t go to A nn’s party. She didn’t in v ite ....................................
W hen we go on holiday, we always e n jo y ....................................
Mary and Jane were at school together but they never s e e ..................................now.
Diane and I are very good friends. We’ve k n o w n ..................................for a long time.
‘Did you see David and Diane at the party?’ ‘Yes, but I didn’t speak t o ....................................’
Many people talk t o ..................................w hen they’re alone.
[133]
UNIT
63
- ’s (Ann’s camera / my brother’s car etc.)
Ann’s camera
(her camera)
my brother’s car
(his car)
the manager’s office
(his or h e r office)
We normally use - ’s for people:
® I stayed at m y siste r’s house, (not ‘the house o f my sister’)
® Have you m et M r K elly’s wife? (not ‘the wife o f M r Kelly’)
® Are you going to J a m e s ’s party?
• Paul is a m a n ’s name. Paula is a w o m a n ’s name.
You can use - ’s w ithout a noun after it:
• M ary’s hair is longer than A n n ’s. (= A nn’s hair)
• ‘Whose umbrella is this?’ ‘It’s m y m o th e r ’s.’ (= my m other’s umbrella)
® ‘W here were you last night?’ ‘I was at P a u l’s.’ (= Paul’s house)
B
friend’s and friends’
my friend’s house = one frien d
( - his house or h e r house)
my friends’ house = two or more frien d s
(= th e ir house)
We write - ’s after
f r ie n d /s tu d e n t/m o th e r etc. (singular):
my m other’s car (one mother)
my father’s car (onefather)
We write - ’ after
friends/students/parents etc. (plural):
my parents’ car (two parents)
We use o f ... for things, places etc.:
•
•
•
•
•
•
[134]
Look at the roof o f th a t b u ild in g , (not ‘that building’s ro o f’)
We didn’t see the beginning o f th e film , (not ‘the film’s beginning’)
W hat’s the name o f this village?
D o you know the cause o f th e p ro b le m ?
You can sit in the back o f th e car.
M adrid is the capital o f Spain.
m in e /y o u rs etc. => E y u U J
w hose ...? = > I'iTOH1!
- ’s (he’s / M ary’s etc.]
APPENDIX
4.5
U N IT
63
EXERCISES
s 63.1
Look at the family tree. Write sentences about the people in the family.
^(DANIEL
Mary and Brian are married.
They have a son, James, and a
daughter, Julia.
Julia is m arried to Paul.
Julia and Paul have a son, Daniel.
63.2
8
9
10
11
(Brian/husband)
...I* Mary’s busbaMci,
(Julia/mother) Jutta> is Daniel’s mother.
(Mary/wife) Mary i s ........................................ wife.
(James/brother) J a m e s ...................................................
(James/uncle) .................................................. uncle.
(Julia/wife) J u lia ..........................................................
(M ary/grandm other)
(Julia/sister) .......
(Paul/husband) ...
(Paul/father) ......
(Daniel/nephew)
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
ANDY
1
63.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ALICE
Whose is this?
Alice’s
And this?
Whose is this?
And these?
DAVID
DIANE
6^
And these?
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
my s is te r’s House
I stayed at( the house of my sister.']
OK
W hat is the name of this village?
Do you like the colour o f this coat?
Do you know the phone num ber o f Bill?
The job o f my brother is very interesting.
W rite your name at the top o f the page.
For me the m orning is the best part of the day.
The favourite colour o f Paula is blue.
W hen is the birthday o f your m other?
The house o f my parents isn’t very big.
The walls o f this house are very thin.
The car stopped at the end o f the street.
Are you going to the party7o f Silvia next week?
The manager o f the hotel is on holiday at the m oment.
[1 3 5 ]
a /a n ...
Mu
'A r J - U - 4 J - U -
\
It’s a beautiful dav.
B
a ... =
•
•
•
•
one thing or person:
Alice works in a b ank. (not ‘in bank’,)
Can I ask a q u estio n ? (not ‘ask question’,)
I haven’t got a car.
T here’s a w o m a n at the bus stop.
an (not
•
•
•
‘a’) before a / e / i / o / u :
D o you want a n apple or a banana?
I’m going to buy a hat and an umbrella.
There was an interesting programme on TV last night.
also
but
an h o u r (h is not pronounced: an (h)our)
a univ ersity (pronounced yuniversity)
a E u ro p e a n country (pronounced yuropean)
a n o th e r (= an + oth er) is one word:
• Can I have a n o th e r cup o f tea?
We use a /a n ... when we say what a thing or a person is. For example:
• T he sun is a star.
• Football is a g am e.
• Dallas is a city in Texas.
• A mouse is an a n im a l. It’s a sm all a n im a l.
/-T,‘
• Joe is a very n ice p erso n .
^
We use a /a n ... for jo b s etc.:
• A: W hat’s your job?
B: I’m a d en tist, (not ‘I’m dentist.’)
• ‘W hat does Mark do?’ ‘H e’s a n e n g in e e r.’
• Would you like to be a teacher?
• Beethoven was a c o m p o se r.
• Picasso was a fam o u s p a in te r.
• Are you a stu d en t?
[1 3 6 ]
a car / so m e m o n ey (countable/uncountable);
u n its
66-67
a and the
U N IT
64
EXERCISES
64.1
Write a or an.
1 on.... 0ld book
2
window
3
horse
64.2
1
2
3
4
5
fruit
game
m ountain
planet
river
tool
university
hour
economic problem
musical instrument
vegetable
6
7
8
9
10
A duck is . bird
A carrot i s ............
Tennis i s ...............
A hammer is .......
Everest i s ..............
Jupiter i s ...........
A pear i s ...........
T he Amazon is
A rose i s ............
A trum pet i s ....
What are their jobs? Choose from the list and finish the sentences.
d entist electrician nurse p h o to g rap h er private detective
1 SHes a. d e n tis t.
2 H e ’s .....................
3 S h e .......................
.......................................................................
4
64.4
7
8
9
airport
new airport
organisation
What are these things? Choose from the list.
U\rA
trrrcr
flower
64.3
4
5
6
shop assistant
taxi driver
5
6
7
8 And you? I’m .
Make sentences. Choose from Box A and Box B. Use a/an where necessary.
A
1
2
3
4
5
I want to ask you
Tom never wears
I can’t ride
My brother is
Barbara works in
Ann wants to learn
Jim lives in
This evening I’m going to
B
old house
party
bookshop
hat
artist
question
foreign language
bicycle
! wont to. ask. you a question..
...............................
6
7
1137|
UNIT
65
bus(es) (singular and plural)
flower(s)
The plural o f a noun is usually -s:
singular (= one)
plural (= two or more)
a flower
a week —>
a nice place —>
this shop —>
so m e flowers
tw o weeks
m a n y nice places
these shops
s o m e flowers
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
-s / -sh / -c h /
-X
—> -es
also
-y
but -ay / -ey / - oy
potato —> potatoes
—> -ies
baby —> babies
party —> parties
->
-ys
day —> days
-ves
shelf —> shelves
- f / -fe
B
bus —» buses
dish —> dishes
church —> churches
box —> boxes
tomato —> tom atoes
dictionary —> dictionaries
m onkey —> m onkeys
knife —> knives
boy —> boys
wife —> wives
These things are plural in English:
^
scissors
\S3 \
glasses
tro u se rs
® Do you wear glasses?
* W here are the scissors? I need th em .
You can also say a p a ir o f scissors / a p a ir o f tro u se rs / a p a ir o f p y jam as etc.:
® 1 need a new p a ir o f jea n s, or 1 need so m e new je a n s. (not ‘a new jeans’,)
^
Some plurals do not end in -s:
this m a n —> these m e n
a w o m a n —> some w o m e n
a ch ild —> many c h ild ren
one fo o t —> two feet
a to o th
all my tee th
a m o u se —> some m ic e
that sh eep —» those sheep
a fish —> a lot o ffish
also: a p e rs o n —> tw o p e o p le / so m e p e o p le / a lo t o f p e o p le etc.
but
*
She s a nice p e rso n .
® T h e y are nice p eo p le, (not ‘nice persons’)
P eo p le is plural (= they), so we say p e o p le are / p e o p le have etc.:
® A lo t o f p e o p le sp eak English, (not ‘speaks’)
® I like th e p e o p le here. T h e y are very friendly.
P o lice is plural:
® ‘T h e p o lic e are here.’
[138]
‘Why? W hat d o th ey want?’
U N IT
EXERCISES
65.1
Write the plural.
1
?
3
4
65.2
65
flower
f!r°wers.........
boat
woman
................... ...
c i^
........................ ...
5
6
7
8
umbrella
address
knife
sandwich
............... ............
............... ............
............... ............
............... ............
4 Jill has got tw o ..............................
5 There are a lot o f ....................... in the river.
6 T h e ...................... are falling from the tree.
Some of these sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
65.4
family ...
foot
holiday ...
potato ...
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1 There are a lot o f
in the field.
2 George is cleaning his ■..............................
3 There are th re e ........................at the bus stop.
65.3
9
10
11
12
...
I’m going to buy some flowers. .
I needfa~new jeans.) .J neecl <l new pair o f j e a n s . OR j...needsom e new J e a n s ,
It’s a lovely park with a lot o f beautiful tree...........................................................................
There was a woman in the car with two mens......................................................................
Sheep eat grass............................................................................................................................
David is married and has three chi Ids.....................................................................................
Most o f my friend are student..................................................................................................
He put on his pyjama and went to bed...................................................................................
We w ent fishing but we didn’t catch many fish....................................................................
Do you know many persons in this town? ..........................................................................
I like your trouser. W here did you get it? ............................................................................
The town centre is usually full o f tourist...............................................................................
I don’t like mice. I’m afraid o f them .......................................................................................
This scissor isn’t very sharp.......................................................................................................
Which is right? Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
It’s a nice place. Many people 9° ...there fo ra holiday.
Some p e o p le ...................... always late.
T he president is not popular. T he p e o p le ...................... like him.
A lot o f p e o p le...................... television every day.
Three p e o p le ...................... injured in the accident.
H ow many p e o p le ...................... in that house?
the police carry guns in your country?
The p o lic e ...................... looking for the stolen car.
1 need my glasses but I can’t f in d .........................
I’m going to b u y ...................... new jeans today.
(go or goes?)
(is or are?)
(d o n ’t or d o e s n ’t?)
(w atch or w atches?)
(was or were?)
(live or lives?)
(D o or Does?)
(is or are?)
(it or them ?)
(a or som e?)
1139]
a c a r/some money
(countable/uncountable 1)
A noun can be countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns
For example: (a) c a r
(a) m a n
(a) key
(a) h o u se
(a) flow er
(an) id ea
(an) a c c id e n t
You can use o n e /tw o /th r e e (etc.) + countable nouns (you can count them ):
Cl
one c a r
two cars
three m e n
four houses
Countable nouns can be singular (= one) o r plural (= two or more):
singular:
plural:
a car
cars
m y car
tw o cars
th e c a r etc.
th e cars
s o m e cars
m a n y cars etc.
* I’ve got a car.
* There aren’t m a n y cars in the car park.
* N ew cars are very expensive.
You cannot use the singular (c a r/h o u s e /k e y etc.) alone. You need a /a n (=> U nit 64):
* We can’t get in w ithout a key. (not ‘w ithout key’)
B
Uncountable nouns
For example: w a te r
w a te r
a ir
ric e
salt
salt
p lastic
m oney
m oney
m u sic
m u sic
You cannot say o n e /tw o /th r e e (etc.) + these things: o n e w a te r
tw o m usics
Uncountable nouns have only one form:
m oney
the m o n e y
my m o n e y
much m o n e y etc.
some m o n e y
• I’ve got so m e m oney.
• There isn’t m u c h m o n e y in the box.
• M o n ey isn’t everything.
You cannot use a /a n + uncountable nouns: X m o n e y
)f( m u sic
But you can say a p iec e o f ... / a glass o f ... etc. + uncountable noun:
a glass o f water
a c a n o f oil
a b a r o f chocolate
a p iece o f cheese
a b o ttle o f milk
a p iec e o f music
a bow l o f rice
a c u p o f coffee
a g a m e o f tennis
[140]
ten n is
a /a n =>
UNIT
64
countable/uncountable 2
=>
UNIT
67
UN IT
gg
EXERCISES
66.1
What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write a/an if necessary.
The names of these things are:
bucket
eS 8
66.2
m ilk
m oney
sak
sa n d
spoon
to o th b ru s h
to o th p a s te
w allet
Some of these sentences are right, but some of them need a/an. Put in a/an where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
66.3
envelope
J US
I haven’t got fwatcfi ;
...
D o you like cheese? . QK.............
Ann never wears hat.....................................
Are you looking for job? ...........................
Mary doesn’t eat m eat..................................
Mary eats apple every day. .........................
I’m going to party tonight...........................
Music is wonderful thing.............................
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Jamaica is island
I don’t need key. ...............................
Everybody needs food.....................
I’ve got good idea.............................
Can you drive car? .........................
Do you want cup o f coffee?...........
I don’t like coffee w ithout m ilk......
D o n ’t go out w ithout umbrella......
What are the things in the pictures? Write a ... of ...fo r each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
bar
bottle
bowl
cup
glass
jar
1 ..^.bottle of..mUJc...
2
3
loaf
piece
piece
bread
chocolate
honey
4 ............................................
5 .............................................
6 .............................................
milk
paper
soup
tea
water
wood
7
8
9
[141]
UNIT
67
a c a r/s o m e money
(countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and so m e
a /a n + singular countable noun (c a r/a p p le /s h o e ctc.):
• I need a new car.
• Would you like an apple?
so m e + plural countable nouns (cars/apples/shoes etc.):
• I need so m e new shoes.
• W ould you like s o m e apples?
so m e + uncountable nouns ( w a te r/m o n e y /m u s ic etc.):
• 1 need so m e m o n ey .
• Would you like s o m e cheese?
• (or W ould you like a p iec e o f cheese?)
so m e cheese or
a p iec e o f cheese
Com pare a and som e:
• Linda bought a hat, so m e shoes and so m e p e rfu m e .
• I read a n e w sp a p e r, wrote so m e le tte rs and listened to so m e m u sic.
B
Many nouns are som etim es countable and sometimes uncountable. For example:
Compare a p a p e r (= a newspaper) and s o m e pap er:
• I want something to read. I’m going to buy a p a p e r.
but
• I want to make a list. I need s o m e p a p e r / a p iec e o f p a p e r, (not ‘a paper’)
Be careful with these nouns —they are usually uncountable:
in fo rm a tio n
ad v ice
w e a th e r
new s
b re a d
h a ir
fu rn itu re
• I need s o m e in fo rm a tio n about hotels in London, (not ‘informations’)
Its nice w e a th e r today, (not ‘a nice weather’)
Listen! I’ve just had so m e good new s, (not ‘a good news’)
I’m going to buy so m e b rea d , (not ‘a bread’)
• Sue has got very long hair, (not ‘hairs’)
• They’ve got s o m e very nice fu rn itu re in their house, (not ‘furnitures’)
• ‘D o you like your job?’ ‘Yes, but it’s hard w ork.’ (not ‘a hard w ork’)
We say a j o b (but not ‘a w ork’):
• I’ve got a new jo b . (not ‘a new w ork’)
[142|
countable/uncountable 1
som e and any
w ork
UN IT
67
EXERCISES
67.1
What did you buy? Use the pictures to make sentences (I bought...).
1 I bought some per-fume^ OL h<& &n(L sow& shoes.
2 I b o u g h t................................................................................................
3
4
67.2
Write sentences with Would you like a ... ? or Would you like so m e ... ?
\ WouUl you Like some dieese?
2 Would you lik e ..........................................?
3 Would .........................................................?
67.3
Putin a/an or some.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
67.4
4 ........................................................................ ?
5 ...........................................................................?
6 ...........................................................................?
I read ,®r.. book and listened to .-’9™*'. music.
I n e e d .......... money. I want to b u y ............food.
We m e t.......... interesting people at the party.
I’m going to o p e n .......... w indow to g e t ............fresh air.
She didn’t eat much for lunch —o n ly .......... apple a n d ............bread.
We live i n .......... big house. T here’s ............nice garden w ith ............beautiful trees.
I’m going to make a table. First I n e e d .......... wood.
Listen to me carefully. I’m going to give y o u .......... advice.
I want to write a letter. I n e e d .......... paper a n d ............pen.
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I’m going to buy some new shee/shoes.
shoes is right
Martin has got brown eye/eyes.
Paula has got short black hair/hairs.
The tourist guide gave us some inform ation/inform ations about the town.
W e’re going to buy some new chair/chairs.
W e’re going to buy some new furniture/furnitures.
It’s difficult to get a w ork/job at the m om ent.
Wc had lovely weather / a lovely weather when we were on holiday.
14 3 J
a/an and the
th e
a /a n
Can you open
th e window?
There is only one window here —th e
window.
There are three windows here,
a window = w indow 1 or 2 or 3
• I’m going to clean th e c a r tomorrow.
(= my car)
• I’ve got a car.
(there are m any cars and I ’ve got one)
• Can I ask a q u estio n ?
(there are m any questions —can I ask one?)
• Is there a h o te l near here? (there are
m any hotels — is there one near here?)
• Paris is an in te re s tin g city, (there are
• Can you repeat th e q u e stio n , please?
(= the question that you asked)
• We enjoyed our holiday. T h e h o te l was
very nice. (— our hotel)
• Paris is th e cap ital o f F rance.
(there is only one capital o f France)
m any interesting cities and Paris is one)
• Lisa is th e y o u n g e st s tu d e n t in her class.
• Lisa is a stu d e n t.
(there are m any students and L isa is one)
(there is only one youngest student in her class)
Com pare a and the:
• I bought a ja c k e t and a sh irt. T h e ja c k e t was cheap but th e s h irt was expensive.
(= th e jacket and th e shirt th a t I b o u g h t)
B
We say th e ... w hen it is clear which thing or person we mean. For example:
th e d o o r / the ceilin g / th e flo o r / th e c a rp e t / the lig h t etc. (o f a room)
the r o o f / th e g a rd e n / th e k itc h e n / th e b a th r o o m etc. (o f a house)
th e c e n tre / th e s ta tio n / th e a ir p o r t / th e to w n hall etc. (o f a town)
• ‘W here’s Tom?’ ‘In th e k itc h e n .’
(= the kitchen in this house or flat)
• Turn off th e lig h t and close th e d o o r.
(= the light and the door o f the room)
• Do you live far from th e centre?
(= the centre o f your town)
• I’d like to speak to th e m a n a g e r, please.
(= the manager o f this shop etc.)
[144]
the :
u n its
69-72
UN IT
EXERCISES
68*^
68
Putin a/an or the.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
We enjoyed our holiday. .Tbe .. hotel was very nice.
‘Can I ask .$r.. question?’ ‘O f course. W hat do you want to ask?’
You look very tired. You n e e d ..........holiday.
‘W here’s Tom?’ ‘H e’s in........... bathroom.’
jane is ..........interesting person. You must meet her.
A: Excuse me, can you tell rne how to get t o ..........city centre?
B: Yes, go straight on and then ta k e ..........next turning left.
A: Shall we go out f o r ..........meal this evening?
B: Yes, that’s ..........good idea.
It’s ......... nice m orning. Let’s go f o r ........... walk.
Amanda i s ......... student. W hen she finishes her studies, she wants to b e ........... journalist.
She lives w ith two friends i n ..........flat n e a r........... college where she is studying............... flat
is small but she likes it.
Peter and Mary have got two children,......... boy a n d ........... girl............... boy is seven years
old a n d ..........girl is three. Peter works i n ...........factory. Mary hasn’t g o t ........... job at the
moment.
Complete the sentences. Use a or the + one of these words:
a ir p o r t c u p
do or
flo o r p ic tu re ra d io
p ut jn a/an or the where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D on’t forget to (Turn off light)when you go out.
. tw™ o f f th e light
Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me postcard................................................................
..............................................................
W hat is name o f this village?
Canada is very big country.
..............................................................
W hat is largest city in Canada?
..............................................................
I like this room but I don’t like colour o f carpet.
..............................................................
‘Are you OK?’ ‘No, I’ve got headache.’
..............................................................
We live in old house near station.
..............................................................
W hat is name o f director o f film we saw last night?
..............................................................
1145|
UNIT
J jjiJ
the ...
M
We use th e w hen it is clear which tiling or person we mean:
• W hat is th e n a m e of this street? (this street has only one name)
• W ho is th e b est player in your team?
• Can you tell m e th e tim e , please?
the time now)
• M y office is on th e first floor. (= the first floor o f the building)
D o n ’t forget the:
• Do you live near th e city cen tre? (not ‘near city centre’)
• Excuse me, w here is th e n e a re st bank? (not ‘where is nearest . . . ’)
B
th e sam e ...
• We live in th e sam e street, (not ‘in same street’)
• ‘Are these two books different?’ ‘No, they’re th e sam e.’ (not ‘they’re same’)
C
We say:
th e su n / th e m o o n / th e w o rld / th e sky / th e sea / th e c o u n try :
• T h e sky is blue and th e su n is shining.
• D o you live in a town or in th e c o u n try ?
th e p o lice / th e fire b rig a d e / th e a rm y (of a city, country etc.):
• M y brother is a soldier. H e’s in th e a rm y .
th e to p / th e e n d / th e m id d le / th e left etc.:
• W rite your name at th e to p o f the page.
• My house is at th e e n d o f this street.
• The table is in th e m id d le o f the room.
• D o you drive on th e r ig h t or on th e left in your country?
5=2
<
the top
the left
the right
the bottom
(play) th e p ia n o / th e g u ita r / th e tr u m p e t etc. (musical instruments):
• Paula is learning to play th e p ian o .
th e radio:
• I listen to th e ra d io a lot.
D
We do not use th e with:
television:
• I watch telev isio n a lot.
• W hat’s on telev isio n tonight?
but • Can you turn off th e television? (= the TV set)
b rea k fa st / lu n c h / d in n er:
• W hat did you have for breakfast? (not ‘the breakfast’)
• D in n e r is ready!
n e x t / last + w e e k /m o n th /y e a r/s u m m e r/M o n d a y etc.:
• I’m not working n e x t w eek. (not ‘the next w eek’)
• Did you have a holiday last su m m e r? (not ‘the last summ er’)
[146|
a /a n and the =>
the :
u n its
70-72
th e oldest / the m o st expensive etc.
X
> <
UN IT
69
EXERCISES
69.1
Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is already correct.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
69.2
Complete the sentences. Use:
1
2
3
4
5
69.3
W hat is (nam e) o f this street?
W hat’s on television tonight? ..QK............
O u r apartment is on second floor.................................................................................
Would you like to go to moon? ..................................................................................
W hich is best hotel in this town? ...............................................................................
W hat time is lunch? ......................................................................................................
How far is it to city centre? .........................................................................................
We’re going away at end o f May. ................................................................................
W hat are you doing next weekend? ..........................................................................
I didn’t like her first time I m et her. ...........................................................................
I’m going out after dinner..............................................................................................
W hat’s biggest city in world? ......................................................................................
My sister got married last month..................................................................................
Mv dictionary is on top shelf on right.........................................................................
We live in country about five miles from nearest village..........................................
the same
+
age
colour
problem
street
time.
I live in N orth Street and you live in N orth Street. We live in
I arrived at 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30. We arrived a t ............................................
Jim is 25 and Sue is 25. Jim and Sue a r e .......................................................................
My shirt is dark blue and so is my jacket. My shirt and jacket a r e ............................
I’ve got no money and you’ve got no money. We’ve got ..........................................
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.
1 ..Th^.swt'T... is shining.
2 She’s playing .................................................
3 They’re having..............................................
4 H e’s listening to ........
5 T hey’re w a tc h in g ......
6 They’re swimming in
Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
cap ital
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
d in n e r
p o lic e
lu n c h
m id d le
nam e
sky
television
We had .fir m e r . at a restaurant last night.
We stayed at a very nice hotel but 1 don’t rem em b er................................................
is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.
Did you see the film o n ..............................................last night?
Somebody was trying to break into the shop so I called................................................
Tokyo i s ..............................................ofjapan.
‘W hat did you have f o r ..............................................?’ ‘A salad.’
I woke up i n ............................................. o f the night.
[147]
go to work
go home
go to the cinema
H e ’s in bed.
T hey’re going to school.
She’s a t w ork.
We say:
(go) to w o rk , (be) a t w o rk , start w ork, finish w ork:
• Goodbye! I’m g o in g to w o rk now. (not ‘to the w ork’)
• I finish w o rk at 5 o ’clock every day.
(go) to school, (be) a t sch o o l, start school, leave sc h o o l etc.:
• W hat did you learn a t sc h o o l today? (not ‘at the school’)
• Some children don’t like school.
(go) to u n iv ersity /c o lle g e , (be) a t u n iv ersity /co lleg e:
• Helen wants to go to u n iv ersity w hen she leaves school.
• W hat did you study a t college?
(go) to h ospital, (be) in hospital:
• Jack was in an accident. He had to go to h ospital.
(go) to p riso n , (be) in p riso n :
• W hy is he in priso n ? W hat did he do?
(go) to c h u rc h , (be) i n /a t chu rch :
• David usually goes to c h u rc h 011 Sundays.
(go) to b ed, (be) in bed:
• I’m tired. I’m g o in g to b ed. (not ‘to the bed’)
• ‘W here’sjill?’ ‘She’s in b ed .’
(go) h o m e , (be) a t h o m e etc.:
• I’m tired. I’m g o in g h o m e . (not ‘to hom e’)
• Are you going out tonight or are you sta y in g a t h o m e?
(go to) th e c in e m a / th e th e a tre / th e b a n k / th e p o s t office:
• I never go to th e th e a tre but I often go to th e c in e m a.
• ‘Are you going to th e b an k ?’ ‘N o, th e p o s t office.’
(go to) th e d o c to r, th e dentist:
• You’re not well. W hy don’t you go to th e d o cto r?
• I’m going to th e d e n tis t tomorrow.
also th e s ta tio n / th e a ir p o r t / th e city c e n tre ( => U nit 68)
the
=>
in /a t =>
to /in /a t
= }
UQflQiy
(at) h o m e =>
Li]
Lfl
UN IT
70
EXERCISES
70.1
Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1 H e’s in
...
2 They’re a t .........................
70.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
bed
c h u rc h
hom e
p o s t office
sch o o l
sta tio n
I need some money. I must go to
.
David usually goes to
...on Sundays.
In Britain, children go t o ..............................................from the age o f five.
There were a lot o f people a t ..............................................waiting for the train.
I phoned you last night but you weren’t a t ................................................
I’m going t o ..............................................now. Goodnight!
I’m going t o ............................................. to get some stamps.
Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
70.4
5 They’re at
6 H e’s in ....
Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
bank
70.3
3 She’s in ..............................
4 She’s a t ...............................
If you want to catch a plane, you ..9?.. t o . & airport.
If you want to see a film, you go t o .........................................................................
If you are tired and you want to sleep, you ............................................................
If you rob a bank and the police catch you, y o u ...................................................
If you have a problem w ith your teeth, y o u ..........................................................
If you want to study after you leave school, y o u ...................................................
If you are injured in an accident, you .....................................................................
Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is complete.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
We w ent ftp cinem a)last night.
.
I finish work at 5 o ’clock every day. QK-......................
Mary wasn’t feeling well yesterday, so she went to doctor..................................
I wasn’t feeling well this m orning, so I stayed in bed...........................................
W hy is Angela always late for work? ....................................................................
‘W here are the children?’ ‘T hey’re at school.’ .................................................
W e’ve got no money in bank...................................................................................
W hen I was younger, I w ent to church every Sunday. .....................................
W hat time do you usually get hom e from work? ..............................................
D o you live far from city centre? ..........................................................................
‘Where shall we meet?’ ‘At station.’ ..................................................................
Jim is ill. H e’s in hospital...........................................................................................
Margaret takes her children to school every day. ................................................
Would you like to go to university? ......................................................................
Would you like to go to theatre this evening? ....................................................
[149]
U N IT
71
I like music
I hate exams
I like- music.
(
1 "
It
T-
J
II
1
D o not use th e for general ideas:
• I like m u sic, especially classical m usic.
(not ‘the music ... the classical music’)
• We don’t eat m e a t very often. (not ‘the m eat’)
• Life is not possible w ithout w ater. (m l ‘The life ... the water’)
• I hate exam s, (not ‘the exams’)
• Do you know a shop that sells fo re ig n new spapers?
• I’m not very good at w riting letters.
D o not use th e for games and sports:
• My favourite sports are te n n is and skiing, (not ‘the tennis ... the skiing’)
D o not use th e for languages or academic subjects (h is to ry /g e o g ra p h y /p h y s ic s/b io lo g y etc.):
• Do you think E n g lish is difficult? (not ‘the English’)
• Tom’s brother is studying physics and c h e m istry .
B
flow ers or th e flowers?
Compare:
• Flow ers are beautiful.
(= flowers in general)
• This is a lovely garden.
T h e flow ers are beautiful.
(= the flowers in this
garden)
[150]
• I don’t like co ld w eath er.
(— cold weather in general)
• T h e w e a th e r isn’t very
good today.
(= the weather today)
• We don’t cat fish very often.
(= fish in general)
• We had a very nice meal
last night. T h e fish was
very good.
v .
(= the fish we ate last night) v
• Are you interested in
history?
(= history in general)
• Are you interested in th e
h isto ry o f your country?
th e =>
u n its
68-70, 72
U N IT
71
EXERCISES
71.1
What do you think about these things?
dogs
museums
big cities
tea
m otor racing
basketball
T V quiz shows
com puter games
exams
loud music
parties
hard work
Choose seven of these things and write sentences beginning:
I like ...
1
I d o n ’t like ...
I love ...
i h a te ...
I d o n ’t m in d ... (= it’s OK)
I H ofce e x a m s .
2
3
4
5
.........................................................................................................................................
6
7
8
71.2
Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with:
I’m (very) interested in ...
I’m not interested in ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
71.3
I know a lot a b o u t...
I know a little about ...
I don’t know much a b o u t...
I don’t know anything about ...
(history) I’m very interested, In History.
(politics) I .....................................................................................................................................
(sport) .............................................................................................................................................
(art) ..................................................................................................................................................
(astronomy) ...................................................................................................................................
(economics) ...................................................................................................................................
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
My favourite sport is tennis /-die tennis.
tennis is right
I like this hotel. 4^eem sV The rooms arc very nice.
The rooms is right
Everybody needs friends / the friends.
Jane doesn’t go to parties / the parties very' often.
I went shopping this m orning. Shops / The shops were very busy.
‘W here’s milk / the milk?’ ‘It’s in the fridge.’
I don’t like milk / the m ilk. I never drink it.
‘Do you do any sports?’ ‘Yes, I play football / the football.’
These days a lot o f people use computers / the com puters.
We went for a swim in the river. Water / T he water was very cold.
I don’t like swimming in cold water / the cold water.
Excuse me, can you pass salt / the salt, please?
I like this town. I like people / the people here.
Vegetables / T he vegetables are good for you.
‘W here are children / the children?’ ‘T hey’re in the garden.’
I can’t sing this song. I don’t know words / the words.
I enjoy taking photographs / the photographs. It’s my hobbyI must show you photographs / the photographs that I took when I wras on holiday.
English / The English is used a lot in international business / the international business.
M oney / T he m oney doesn’t always bring happiness / the happiness.
|151]
UNIT
72
the ... (names of places)
Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns etc.)
In general we do not use th e + names o f places:
• F ra n ce is a very large country (not ‘the France’)
• C a iro IS
ca{>ital o f E gypt.
• C o rsica is an island in the M editerranean.
• P eru is in S o u th A m e ric a .
But we use th e in names with ‘republic’/ ‘states’/ ‘kingdom ’:
th e R e p u b lic o f Ireland (or th e Irish R ep u b lic)
th e United S tates of America (the USA)
th e U nited K in g d o m (the UK)
th e -s (plural names)
We use th e + plural names o f countries/islands/mountains:
THE
th e Netherlands
th e Canary Islands
th e Philippines
th e Andes
Seas, rivers etc.
We use th e + names o f oceans/seas/rivers/canals:
th e Atlantic (Ocean)
th e M editerranean (Sea)
the (River) Nile
th e Suez Canal
D
th e Amazon
th e Black Sea
Places in towns (streets, buildings etc.)
In general we do not use th e + names o f streets, squares etc.:
• Kevin lives in N e w to n S treet.
• W here is H ig h lie ld R o a d , please?
• T im e s S q u are is in N ew York.
We do n ot use th e + name o f place (or person) + airport/station/university/castle etc.:
K en n ed y A ir p o r t
V ic to ria S ta tio n
C a m b rid g e U niversity
W e stm in ste r A b b ey
E d in b u rg h C astle
London Zoo
But usually we use th e + names o f hotels, restaurants, pubs, cinemas, theatres, museums:
th e H ilton (Hotel)
th e Star o f India (restaurant)
THE
th e Science M useum
th e O deon (cinema)
th e National Theatre
th e Tate Gallery (art gallery)
th e ... o f .
We use th e + names with ... o f ... :
th e Republic o f Ireland
th e Great Wall o f China
th e Bank o f England
th e Tower o f London
We say: th e n o r th / th e s o u th / th e e a st / th e w est / th e m id d le (o f...):
• I’ve been to th e n o r th o f Italy but not to th e so u th .
[I52|
the =>
units
68-71
UN IT
72
EXERCISES
These are geography questions. Choose your answef from the box. Sometimes you need The.
1 . C'<u jr9 .................................. is the capital o f Egypt.
2 .
.................... is betw een Africa and America.
3
is a country in northern Europe.
4
is a river in South America.
5
is the largest continent in the world.
6
is the largest ocean.
7
is a river in Europe.
8
is a country in East Africa.
9
is between Canada and Mexico.
I () .............................................. are m ountains in South America.
II
is the capital ofjapan.
12
are m ountains in central Europe.
13
is between Saudi Arabia and Africa.
14
is an island in the M editerranean.
15
are a group o f islands near Florida.
Alps
Amazon
Andes
Asia
Atlantic
Bahamas
Cairo
Kenya
Malta
Pacific
R ed Sea
R hine
Sweden
Tokyo
U nited States
Put in the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK.
1 Kevin lives in N ew ton Street. ...QK-.....
2 We went to see a playfat National Theatre).
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
THta ir e .
Have you ever been to China? .......................................................................
Have you ever been to Philippines? ...............................................................
Have you ever been to south o f France? .......................................................
Can you tell me where Regal Cinema is? ....................................................
Can you tell me where M errion Street is? ....................................................
Can you tell me where M useum o f M odern Art is? ..................................
Europe is bigger than Australia.........................................................................
Belgium is smaller than Netherlands...............................................................
W hich river is longer - Mississippi or N ile ? .................................................
Did you go to National Gallery w hen you were in London? ...................
‘W here did you stay?’ ‘At Park H otel in Hudson Road.’ .......................
How far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria Station (in London )? ........
R ocky M ountains arc in N orth Am erica.......................................................
Texas is famous for oil and cowboys................................................................
Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pacific O cean...............................
I hope to go to U nited States next year...........................................................
Mary comes from a small town in west o f Ireland.........................................
Alan studied physics at M anchester University. ...........................................
[1 5 3 |
UNIT
73
this/that/these/those
A
th o se (plural)
1) o you like
th a t picture
this picture
(= this picture
this
these
We use
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
these flowers
(= these flowers here)
W ho are those
people?
th a t picture
(= that picture there)
th a t
th o se
th o se people
(= those people there)
th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e w ith a noun (this p ic tu re / th a t girl etc.) or w ithout a noun:
T h is h o te l is expensive but it’s very nice.
W ho’s th a t girl?’ ‘ 1 don’t know.’
w ith a noun
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
T h o se apples look nice. Can I have one?
T h is is a nice hotel but it’s very expensive.
‘Excuse me, is this your bag?’ ‘O h yes, thank you.’
W h o ’s that? (= W ho is that person?)
W hich shoes do you like most? T h e se or those?
unthout a noun
th a t = something that has happened:
• ‘I’m sorry I forgot to phone you.’ ‘T h a t’s all right.’
• T h a t was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
DAVID
th a t = what somebody has ju s t said:
• ‘You’re a teacher, aren’t you?’ ‘Yes, th a t’s right.’
• ‘M artin has got a new job.’ ‘Has he? I didn’t know th at.’
• ‘I’m going on holiday next week.’ ‘O h, t h a t’s nice.’
We use this is ... and is th a t
• Hello, this is David.
• Is th a t Sarah?
Hello, Sarah
Jbls i& David. J
. ? on the telephone:
(this = the speaker)
(th at = the other person)
We use this is ... to introduce people:
• A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris - pleased to m eet you.
C: Hello.
LINDA
|154]
this one / th a t one =>
BRIAN
CHRIS
UN IT
EXERCISES
73
73.1
Complete the sentences. Use this/that/these/those + these words:
b ird s
h o u se
plates
p o stc a rd s
scat
shoes
73.2
Write questions: Is this/that y o u r... ? or Are these/those y o u r... ?
73.3
Complete the sentences with this is or that’s or that.
1 A: I’m sorry I’m late.
B:
s al] right.
2 A: I can’t come to the party tomorrow.
B: O h ,............................a pity. W hy not?
3 (on the telephone)
Sue: Hello, A nn...............................Sue.
Ann: O h, hello, Sue. H ow are you?
4 A: You’re lazy.
B: ............................not true!
5 A: Jill plays the piano very' well.
B: Really? I didn’t k n o w ..............................
6 M a rk meets Paul's sister (A n n ):
Paul: M a rk ,....................... my sister, Ann.
Mark: Hello, Ann.
7 A: I’m sorry I was angry yesterday.
B: ............................OK. Forget it!
8 A: You’re a friend o f Jo h n ’s, aren’t you?
B: Yes,............................right.
[155]
UNIT
74
one/ones
o n e (= a
Would you like o n e
= Would you like a dh<
o n e = a /a n ... (a chocolate / an apple etc.)
• 1 need a pen. Have you got one? (one = a pen)
• A: Is there a b a n k near here?
B: Yes, there’s o n e at the end o f this street, (one = a bank)
6
on e and ones
o n es (plural)
o n e (singular)
W hich ones? = W hich flow ers?
o n e s - flowcrs/cat-s/giiis etc,
o n e ~ h a t/c a r /g ir i etc.
[156]
this o n e / th a t o n e
• W hich c a r is yours? T h is o n e or
th a t one? (= this car or that car)
th e s e /th o s e (usually w ithout ‘ones’):
• W hich flowers do you want? T h e se or
those? (not usually ‘these ones/those ones’)
th e o n e ...
• A: W hich h o te l did you stay at?
B: T h e o n e opposite the station.
th e ones ...
• A: W hich keys are yours?
B: T h e o nes on the table.
th e ... o n e
• I don’t like the black c o a t but 1 like th e
b ro w n one.
• D on’t buy that c a m e ra . Buy th e o th e r
one.
th e ... ones
• 1 don’t like the red shoes but I like the
g re e n ones.
• D on’t buy those apples. Buy th e o th e r
ones.
a /a n ... o n e
• This c u p is dirty. Can I have a clean
one?
• That biscuit was nice. I’m going to have
a n o th e r one.
so m e ... ones
• These cu p s are dirty. Can we have so m e
c lean ones?
• My shoes are very old. I’m going to buy
so m e n e w ones.
w hich
UNIT 46
a n o th e r => UNIT 64
th i s / th a t etc. => UNIT 73
UN IT
74
EXERCISES
74.1
A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B’s answers. Use one (not ‘a/an ..
the answers.
B doesn’t need a car
there's a chemist in Mill Road
B hasn’t got a pen
1
2
3
4
5
6
74.2
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
B has just had a cup o f coffee
B is going to buy a bicycle
B hasn’t got an umbrella
B:
B:
B:
B:
B:
B:
Can you lend me a pen?
Would you like to have a car?
Have you got a bicycle?
Can you lend me an umbrella?
Would you like a cup o f coffee?
Is there a chemist near here?
I’m sorry,
got one.
No, 1 don’t:................................
No, b u t.......................................
I’m sorry b u t ............................
N o, thank you...........................
Yes, .............................................
Complete the sentences. Use a /a n ... one. Use the words in the list,
b e tte r
1
2
3
4
5
6
74.3
in
b ig
elean
d iffe re n t
new
old
This cup is dirty. Can I have ... ^
on^ ?
I’m going to sell my car and buy ..............................................
T hat’s not a very good photograph but this i s ........................
I want today’s newspaper. This is .............................................
This box is too small. I n e e d .....................................................
Why do we always go to the same restaurant? Let’s go to ....
Use the information in the box to complete these conversations. Use one/ones.
the coat is black
the girl is tall with long hair
the hotel is opposite-the-st-ation
the house has got a red door
the flowers are yellow
I took the photographs on the beach last week
the shoes are green
the pictures are on the wall
the books are on the top shelf
the man has got a moustache and glasses
1 A: We stayed at a hotel.
B: Which one ?
A: The one ..opposite^e st^Jion.
6 A: Are those your books?
B: .......................................
A: ..........................................
2 A: Those shoes are nice.
B:
A:
7 A: D o you know that girl?
B: ..........................................
A:
3 A: T hat’s a nice house.
B:
............................with
8 A: Those flowers arc beautiful.
B: ................................................
A: ................................................
4 A: I like that coat.
B:
A
9 A: W h o ’s that man?
B: ..............................
5 A: I like those pictures.
B:
10 A: Have you seen my photographs?
B: .........................................................
A: .........................................................
1157|
UNIT
75
A
some and any
any
so m e
I’ve got some'
money.
Use so m e in positive sentences:
• I’m going to buy so m e clothes.
• T here’s so m e ice in the fridge.
• We did so m e exercises.
B
i Haven’t got
any money.
Use any in negative sentences:
• I’m n o t going to buy any clothes.
• There isn’t any orange juice in the fridge.
• We didn’t do any exercises.
any and so m e in questions
In most
•
•
•
questions (but not all) we use any:
Is there any ice in the fridge?
Has he got any friends?
D o you need any help?
We normally use so m e (not any) when we offer
things (W ould you like ... ?):
• A: W ould you like so m e coffee?
B: Yes, please.
or w hen we ask fo r things (C an I have . . . ? etc.):
• A: Can I have s o m e soup, please?
B: Yes. Help yourself.
• A: Can you lend me s o m e money?
B: Sure. H ow much do you need?
so m e and any w ithout a noun
• I didn’t take any photographs but Ann took so m e . (= some photographs)
• You can have some coffee but I don’t want any. (= any coffee)
• I’ve just made some coffee. Would you like som e? (= some coffee)
• ‘W here’s your luggage?’ ‘I haven’t got any.’ (= any luggage)
• ‘Are there any biscuits?’ ‘Yes, there are s o m e in the kitchen.’ (= some biscuits)
D
[158]
s o m e th in g / so m e b o d y (or so m eo n e)
• She said so m e th in g .
• I saw so m e b o d y (or s o m e o n e ).
• Would you like s o m e th in g to eat?
• Quick! S o m e b o d y ’s coming.
a and som e
so m e b o d y /a n y th in g etc.=> |
a n y th in g / a n y b o d y (or anyone)
• She didn’t say an y th in g .
• 1 didn’t see a n y b o d y (or anyone).
• Are you doing a n y th in g this evening?
• W here’s Ann? Has a n y b o d y seen her?
UN IT
E X E R C IS E S
75.1
Put in some or any.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
75.2
I bought som e. cheese but I didn’t b u y .... bread.
I’m going to the post office. I n e e d .......... stamps.
There aren’t .......... shops in this part o f town.
George and Alice haven’t g o t .......... children.
Have you g o t.......... brothers or sisters?
There a re .......... beautiful flowers in the garden.
Do you k n o w .......... good hotels in London?
‘Would you lik e .......... tea?’ ‘Yes, please.’
W hen we were on holiday, we visited.......... very interesting places.
D on’t b u y .......... rice. We don’t n e e d ..............
I w ent out to b u y .......... milk but they didn’t h av e ............in the shop.
I’m thirsty. Can I h av e.......... water, please?
Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words:
air
b a tte rie s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
75.3
cheese
frien d s
h elp
lan g u ag es
le tte rs
m ilk
p h o to g ra p h s
sh a m p o o
I want to wash my hair. Is there
shorn PPO....?
This evening I’m going to w r ite .......................................................................
I haven’t got my camera, so 1 can’t ta k e .......................................................................
Do you speak................... fo reign...................................................................... ?
Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant w ith .................................................................. o f mine.
Can I hav e.....................................................................in my coffee, please?
The radio isn’t working. There aren’t ..................................................................... in it.
It’s hot in this office. I’m going out f o r .............................fresh.......................................................
‘Would you lik e ......................................................?’ ‘No, thank you. I’ve had enough to eat.’
I can do this jo b alone. I don’t n e e d .......................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use some or any.
1
2
3
4
5
6
75.4
7 5
Ann didn’t take any photographs b u t ...LlrPPlfL5P.ro?'..... (I/take)
‘W here’s your luggage?’ ‘J
^ gofcariy.... ’ (I/not/have)
‘Do you need any money?’ ‘No, thank you.................................................................’ (1/have)
‘Can you lend me some money?’ ‘I’m sorry b u t .............................................. .’ (I/not/have)
The tomatoes in the shop didn’t look very good, s o ................................................ (1/not/buy)
There were some nice oranges in the shop, s o .................................................................. (I/buy)
Put in something/somebody/anything/anybody.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
She said s.P.roetHmg . to me but 1 didn’t understand it.
‘W hat’s wrong?’ ‘T here’s ............................in my eye.’
Do you k n o w ............................about politics?
I went to the shop but I didn’t b u y ..............................
has broken the window. I don’t know who.
There isn’t ............................in the bag. It’s empty.
I’m looking for my keys. H a s............................seen them?
Would you lik e ............................to drink?
1 didn’t e a t............................because I wasn’t hungry.
This is a secret. Please don’t te ll...............................
[159]
U N IT
76
not + any
no
none
T he car park is empty.
There aren’t any cars 1 . ,
,
^ m the car park.
1 here are n o cars
j
How many cars are there in the car park?
N one.
n o t (n’t) + any
• There aren’t any cars in the car park.
• Sally and Steve haven’t got any children.
• You can have some coffee but I d o n ’t want any.
n o + noun (no cars / n o g a rd e n etc.)
n o ... = n o t + any or n o t + a:
• There are n o cars in the car park. (= there aren’t any cars)
• We’ve got n o coffee. '(= we haven’t got any coffee)
• It’s a nice house but there’s n o g a rd e n . (= there isn’t a garden)
We use n o ... especially after have (got) and th ere is/a re .
negative verb + any = positive verb + no:
• They h a v e n ’t got any children, or They’ve got n o children.
(not ‘They haven’t got no children’)
• There isn ’t an y sugar in your coffee, or T here’s n o sugar in your coffee.
B
n o and
Use n o
•
•
none
+ noun (no m o n e y / n o c h ild ren etc.):
We’ve got n o m o n ey .
Everything was OK. There were n o p ro b le m s.
Use n o n e alone (w ithout a noun):
• ‘How m uch money have you got?’ ‘N o n e .’ (= no money)
• ‘Were there any problems?’ ‘N o, n o n e .’ (= no problems)
n o n e and n o -o n e
n o n e = 0 (zero)
N o n e is an answer for H o w m u c h ? / H o w m any? (things or people):
• ‘H o w m u c h m oney have you got?’ ‘N o n e .’ (= no money)
• ‘H o w m a n y people did you m eet?’ ‘N o n e .’ (= no people)
n o -o n e = nobody (=*• U nit 77)
N o -o n e is an answer for W ho?:
• ‘W h o did you meet?’ ‘N o -o n e .’ (or N o b o d y .)
[160]
negatives:
UNIT
42
so m e and an v => | UNIT 75
a n y b o d y /n o b o d y /n o th in g etc. => 1UNITS 77-78
U N IT
EXERCISES
76.1
76
Write these sentences again with no.
1
2
3
4
Wo haven’t got any money.
There aren’t any shops near here,
Carol hasn’t got any free time.
There isn’t a light in this room.
We’ve got no money.
There are
Write these sentences again with any.
5
6
7
8
76.2
We’ve got no money.
T here’s no tea in the pot.
There are no buses today.
Tom has got no brothers or sisters.
We haven't got any money.
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
Put in no or any.
1
2
3
4
5
6
T here’s
... sugar in your coffee.
My brother is m arried but he hasn’t g o t .......... children.
Sue doesn’t speak.......... foreign languages.
I’m afraid there’s .......... coffee. W ould you like some tea?
‘Look at those birds!’ ‘Birds? W here? I can’t s e e .......... birds.’
‘Do you know where Jane is?’ ‘No, I’ve g o t .......... idea.’
Put in no, any or none.
7
8
9
10
1I
12
76.3
Complete the sentences. Use any or no + one of these words:
answ er
d ifferen ce
film
frie n d s
fu rn itu re
p h o to g ra p h s
p ro b lem s
q u estio n s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
76.4
There aren’t ...............pictures on the wall.
T he weather was cold but there w a s...............wind.
I wanted to buy some oranges but they didn’t h av e............... in the shop.
Everything was correct. There w e re ............... mistakes.
‘H ow much luggage have you got?’ ‘................’
‘H ow much luggage have you got?’ ‘I haven’t g o t ............... .’
h e a tin g
m oney
Everything was OK. There were ...H®..Pr®kUn»s.....
They want to go on holiday but they’ve g o t ...........................................................
I’m not going to answ er...........................................................
H e’s always alone. H e ’s g o t ...........................................................
There i s .................................................. between these two machines. T hey’re exactly the same.
There wasn’t .........................................................in the room. It was completely empty.
I tried to phone you yesterday but there w as...........................................................
The house is cold because there isn’t ...........................................................
I can’t ta k e .................................................... T here’s ....................................................in the camera.
Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
How
How
How
How
How
many letters did you w rite yesterday? . Two ..... OR A Lot....OR None...............................
many sisters have you got? .........................................................................................................
much coffee did you drink yesterday? .....................................................................................
many photographs have you taken today? ..............................................................................
many legs has a snake got? .........................................................................................................
[161]
not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no-one/nothing
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e
n o b o d y /n o -o n e
n o t + a n y th in g
n o th in g
(for people)
(for things)
• There isn ’t
an y b o d y
a n yone
There is j n ° k ° d y j
n o -o n e
in the room.
• There isn ’t a n y th in g in the bag.
t|le roonl
• There is n o th in g in the bag.
• A: W h o is in the room?
B: N o b o d y . / N o -o n e .
• A: W h a t’s in the bag?
B: N o th in g .
anybody = anyone
n o b o d y = n o -o n e
(-b o d y and -o n e are the same)
B
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e
• I d o n ’t know a n y b o d y (or anyone) here.
n o t + a n y th in g
• I can’t rem ember a n y th in g .
n o b o d y = n o t + an y b o d y
n o -o n e = n o t + anyone
• I’m lonely. I’ve got n o b o d y to talk to.
(= I haven’t got anybody)
• The house is empty. There is n o -o n e in it.
(= There isn’t a n y o n e in it.)
n o th in g = n o t + a n y th in g
• She said n o th in g .
(= She didn’t say an y thing.)
• T here’s n o th in g to eat.
(= There isn’t a n y th in g to eat.)
You can use n o b o d y /n o - o n e /n o th in g at the beginning o f a sentence or alone (to answer a
question):
• T he house is empty. N o b o d y lives there.
(not ‘Anybody lives there’)
• ‘W ho did you speak to?’ ‘N o -o n e .’
Rem em ber:
• N o th in g happened.
(not ‘Anything happened’)
• ‘W hat did you say?’ ‘N o th in g .’
negative verb + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e /a n y th in g
positive verb + n o b o d y /n o - o n e /n o th in g
• He doesn’t know a n y th in g , (not ‘He doesn’t know nothing’)
• D o n ’t tell a n y b o d y , (not ‘D o n ’t tell nobody’)
• There is n o th in g to do in this town, (not ‘There isn’t nothing’)
[ 162]
s o m e and a n y =>
a n y and n o :
s o m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h e r e etc.
U N IT
77
EXERCISES
77.1
Write these sentences again with nobody/no-one or nothing.
1
2
3
4
5
6
77.2
? nofcHmg bn tile bag.
T here’s ......................................
I ...................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything.
1
2
3
4
5
6
77.3
There isn’t anything in the bag.
There isn’t anybody in the office.
I haven’t got anything to do.
There isn’t anything on TV.
There wasn’t anyone at home.
We didn’t find anything.
T here’s nothing in the bag.
There was nobody on the bus.
I ’ve got nothing to read.
I’ve got no-one to help me.
She heard nothing.
We’ve got nothing for dinner.
THere t-sn t
m th e bag .
There wasn’t ......................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
Answer these questions with nobody/no-one or nothing.
la
2a
3a
4a
W hat did you say? Nothuag.
W ho saw you? ... typbody •
W hat do you want? .....................................
W ho did you meet? .....................................
5a
6a
7a
8a
W ho knows the answer?
W hat did you buy? .......
W hat happened? ...........
W ho was late? ................
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use nobody/no-one/nothing or anybody/anyone/anything.
I b .! . ^ ^ h ^. say. Anything....
2b Npboiiy sow roe.
3b I don’t ............................ ......... .......................
4b I ........................................................................
77.4
5b ....................................................the answer.
6b
7b .........................................................................
8b .........................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use nobody/no-one/nothing/anybody/anyone/anything.
1 That house is empty. Nobody...lives there.
....
2 Jack has a bad memory. H e can’t rem em ber
3 Be quiet! D o n ’t say....................................
4 I didn’t know about the m eeting....................................... told me.
5 ‘W hat did you have to eat?’ ‘.................................... I wasn’t hungry.’
6 I didn’t e a t....................................I wasn’t hungry.
7 Jenny was sitting alone. She wasn’t w ith ....................................
8 I’m afraid I can’t help you. T here’s ..................................I can do.
9 I don’t k n o w ..................................about car engines.
10 The museum is free. It doesn’t c o s t...................................to go in.
II I heard a knock on the door but w hen I opened it there w as..................................there.
12 She spoke very fast. I didn’t understand....................................
13 ‘W hat are you doing this evening?’ ‘.................................... Why?’
14 Helen has gone away. ...................... ...........knows where she is. She didn’t tell
..................................where she was going.
[163]
somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
?
?
9
?
?
LONDON
?
B
^ ?
S o m e b o d y (or so m eo n e)
has broken the window.
She has got s o m e th in g in
her m outh.
Tom lives so m e w h e re near
London.
s o m e b o d y /s o m e o n e = a
person but we d o n ’t kn o w who
s o m e th in g = a thing but we
so m e w h ere —in /to a place but
d o n ’t kn o w w hat
we d o n ’t kn o w where
people (-b o d y or -o n e)
so m e b o d y or so m e o n e
a n y b o d y or anyone
n o b o d y or n o -o n e
•
•
•
•
There is s o m e b o d y (or so m e o n e ) in the garden.
Is there a n y b o d y (or anyone) in the garden?
There isn’t a n y b o d y (or anyone) in the garden.
There is n o b o d y (or n o -o n e ) in the garden.
- b o d y and - o n e are the same: s o m e b o d y = so m e o n e , n o b o d y = n o -o n e etc.
igs (-thing)
s o m e th in g
a n y th in g
n o th in g
•
•
•
•
She said s o m e th in g but 1 didn’t understand her.
Are you doing a n y th in g at the weekend?
1 was angry but I didn’t say a n y th in g .
‘W hat did you say?’ ‘N o th in g .’
•
•
•
•
They live s o m e w h e re in the south o f England.
Did you go an y w h e re interesting for your holidays?
I’m staying here. I’m n o t going an y w h ere.
1 don’t like this town. There is n o w h e re to go.
places (-w here)
so m e w h ere
an y w h ere
n o w h e re
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y etc. + adjective (b ig /c h e a p /in te re s tin g etc.)
• Did you m eet a n y b o d y in te re s tin g at the party?
• We always go to the same place. Let’s go so m e w h e re d ifferent.
• ‘W hat’s that letter?’ ‘It’s n o th in g im p o r ta n t.’
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y etc. + to ...
• I’m hungry. I want s o m e th in g to eat. (= something that I can eat)
• H e hasn’t got a n y b o d y to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
• There is n o w h e re to go in this town. (= nowhere where people can go)
s o m e and an y
11 6 4 ]
a n y and n o => UNIT 76
UNIT 75
e v ery th i n g /- b o d y /- w h e r e
a n y b o d y /n o th in g etc. => UNIT 77
UNIT
78
EXERCISES
78.1
Put in somebody (or someone) / something / somewhere.
2
3
4
78.2
She said . soro&thmg,
I’ve lo s t......................
They w e n t......................
’in going to p h o n e ......................
W hat did she say?
W hat have you lost?
W here did they go?
W ho are you going to phone?
Put in nobody (or no-one) / nothing / nowhere.
A la
2a
3a
4a
Nothing.
W hat did you say?
W here are you going?
W hat do you want?
W ho are you looking for?
Now answer the same questions with full sentences. Use not + anybody/anything/anywhere.
1b \ d id n 't s<uj a n y th in g ..................................
2b I’m not
78.3
3b
4b
Put in somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
1 It’s dark. I can’t see
.....
2 Tom lives ..somewhere .. near London.
3 Do you k n o w ..............................................about computers?
4 ‘Listen!’ ‘What? I can’t h e a r................................................’
5 ‘W hat are you doing here?’ ‘I’m waiting f o r ..............................................
6 Please listen carefully. T here’s ..............................................1 want to tell you.
7 ‘D id ............................................. see the accident?’ ‘N o ,.................................
8 We w eren’t hungry, so we didn’t e a t.
9 ‘W hat’s going to happen?’ ‘I don’t know. ...............................................knows.’
10 ‘Do you k n o w ..............................................in London?’ ‘Yes, a few people.’
11 ‘W hat’s in that cupboard?’ ‘................................................ It’s empty.’
12 I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find th e m ................................................
13 I don’t like cold weather. I want to live..............................................warm.
14 Is th e re ..............................................interesting on television tonight?
15 Have you ever m e t ..............................................famous?
78.4
Complete the sentences. Choose from Box A and Box B.
something
somewhere
anything
anywhere
nothing
nowhere
B
do
play
drink
read
eat
sit
stay
You can use these words more than once.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
We don’t go out very m uch because there’s JlQwH&re to j o .
There isn’t any food in the house. We haven’t g o t ...........................................................
I’m bored. I’ve g o t ...........................................................
‘Why are you standing?’ ‘Because there isn’t ...........................................................’
‘Would you lik e .........................................................?’ ‘Yes, please - a glass o f orange juice.’
All the hotels were full. There w a s...........................................................
I w a n t...........................................................I’m going to buy a magazine.
Children n e e d ...........................................................
[165]
every and all
every
I 1 I m ti s i
|l u IB B|B115II
We use
•
•
•
E v ery h o u se in the street is the same.
every h o u se in the street = all th e houses
in the street
every + singular noun (every h o u se / every c o u n try etc.):
Alice has been to every c o u n try in Europe.
E v e ry s u m m e r we have a holiday by the sea.
She looks different every tim e I see her.
Use a singular verb after every ... :
• E v ery h o u se in the street is the same. (not ‘are the same’)
• E very c o u n try h as a national flag. (not ‘have’)
Compare every and all:
• E v ery s tu d e n t in the class passed the
exam.
• E very c o u n try h as a national flag.
• All the students in the class passed the
exam.
• All c o u n trie s have a national flag.
every day and all day
all day = the complete day:
every day = on all days:
how often?
SUN
+ MON + TUE
.. 1
1
„
.!
t- WED + THUR +
I
E V E R Y
.
4_
FRI
+ SAT
Beginning
of the day
how long?
A LL
....l z :
End of
the day
DAY
DAY
• A: How often do you read a newspaper?
B: E v ery day.
• Bill watches TV for about two hours
every evening. (= on all evenings)
• T he weather was bad yesterday. It rained
all day.
• I was tired after work yesterday, so I
watched TV all evening. (= the complete
evening)
also every m o r n in g /n ig h t/s u m m e r etc.
also all m o r n in g /n ig h t/s u m m e r etc.
e v e ry b o d y (or everyone) / e v e ry th in g / e v ery w h ere
e v e ry b o d y or everyone
(people)
e v e ry th in g
(things)
ev ery w h ere
(places)
• E v e ry b o d y (or E veryone) needs friends. (= all peopl
need friends)
• Have you got e v e ry th in g you need? (= all the tilings
you need)
• I’ve lost my watch. I’ve looked e v ery w h ere for it.
(= I’ve looked in all places)
Use a singular verb after e v e ry b o d y /e v e ry o n e /e v e ry th in g :
• E v e ry b o d y has problems, (not ‘Everybody have’)
U N IT
79
EXERCISES
79.1
Complete the sentences. Use every + one of these words:
day
ro o m
s tu d e n t
tim e
w o rd
1
student- jn the class passed the exam.
2 My job is very boring................................................... is the same.
3 Kate is a very good tennis player. W hen we play, she w in s................................................
4
in the hotel has a private bathroom.
5 ‘Did you understand what she said?’ ‘Most o f it but n o t ................................................’
79.2
Complete the sentences with every day or all day.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
79.3
...
Yesterday it rained
I buy a new spaper..................................but sometimes I don’t read it.
I’m not going out tomorrow. I’ll be at h o m e ....................................
I usually drink about four cups o f coffee....................................
Paula was ill yesterday, so she stayed in b e d ....................................
Last year we went to the seaside for a week and it rain e d ....................................
I’m tired now because I’ve been working h a rd ....................................
Put in every or all.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bill watches TV for about two hours ..^Y^y...evening.
Barbara gets up at 6 .3 0 ................ m orning.
T he weather was nice yesterday, so we sat in the g ard en ................ afternoon.
I’m going away on Monday. I’ll be aw ay................ week.
‘H ow often do you go skiing?’ ‘................ year. Usually in March.’
A: Were you at home at 10 o ’clock yesterday?
B: Yes, I was at h o m e ................ m orning. I w ent out after lunch.
7 My sister likes cars. She buys a new o n e .................year.
8 I saw Jack at the party. He wasn’t very friendly. H e didn’t speak to m e ................ evening.
9 We go away on holiday for two or three w eek s.................summer.
79.4
Put in everybody/everything/everywhere.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
79.5
Everybody....needs friends.
Chris k n o w s..............................................about computers.
I like the people here................................................... is very friendly.
This is a nice hotel. It’s comfortable a n d ..............................................is very clean.
Kevin never uses his car. He go es..............................................by motor-bike.
Let’s have dinner,................................................... is hungry.
Sue’s house is full o f books. There are b o o k s................................................
You are right.................................................. you say is true.
Put in a verb (one word).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Everybody
....problems.
Are you ready yet? E verybody............................waiting for you.
T he house is empty. E veryone............................gone out.
George is very popular. Everybody............................him.
This town is completely different. E verything............................changed.
I arrived hom e very late. I came in quietly because everyone............................asleep.
E verybody............................mistakes!
1167|
U N IT
80j l
all
most
some
any
no/none
Compare:
B
c h ild re n /m o n e y /b o o k s etc. (in general):
th e children / th e money / these books etc.:
• Children like playing. (= children in general)
• M o n ey isn’t everything. (= money in
general)
• I enjoy reading books.
• Everybody needs friends.
• W here are th e children? (= our children)
• I want to buy a car but I haven’t got th e
m o n e y . (= the m oney for a car)
• Have you read these books?
• 1 often go out with m y friends.
m o s t/m o s t o f . . . , s o m e /s o m e o f . . . etc.
m o s t o f/s o m e o f etc. + th e /th is /m y ... etc.
m o s t/s o m e etc. + noun:
all
cities
m o st
c
so m e at' h ild ren
bo o k s
any
m oney
no
,.'t t / v .
W\V0,Vn
.
•
•
•
•
•
all
m o st
so m e
any
none
(of)
of
th e ...
th is /th a t ...
th e s e /th o s e ...
m y /y o u r ... etc.
?
r'V'. s!\
all
m o st
so m e
M o st c h ild ren like playing. (= children
in general)
I don’t want any m o n ey .
S o m e b o o k s are better than others.
H e ’s got n o friends.
All cities have the same problems.
(= cities in general)
D o not use o f in these sentences:
• M ost p e o p le drive too fast, (not ‘M ost o f
people’)
• S o m e birds can’t fly. (not ‘Some o f birds’)
any
n o / n o n e / n o t + any
M ost o f th e c h ild re n a t th is school are
under 11 years old.
I don’t want any o f this m o n ey .
S o m e o f th ese b o o k s are very old.
N o n e o f m y frie n d s live near me.
We say all th e ... / all m y ... etc. (usually
w ithout of):
• All th e s tu d e n ts in o u r class passed the
exam.
• Silvia has lived in London all h e r life.
all o f it / m o s t o f th e m / n o n e o f us etc.
• You can have s o m e o f th is cake but not all o f it.
all
it
• A: Do you know those people?
m o st
th e m
B: M o st o f th e m , but not all o f th e m .
so m e o f
us
• S o m e o f us are going out tonight. W hy don’t you come with us?
any
you
• I’ve got a lot o f books but I haven’t read any o f th e m .
none
• ‘H ow many o f these books have you read?’ ‘N o n e o f th e m .’
th e ... (c h ild re n / th e c h ild re n etc.) => ^ ^ 5 1 1
[1 6 8 1
all and e v ery => UNIT 79
s o m e and an y => [RVJIij
n o /n o n e / a n y => UNIT 76
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (some/most etc.). Sometimes you need of (some of /
most of etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
children like playing, (most)
Some o f this money is yours, (some)
people never stop talking, (some)
the shops in the city centre close at 6.30. (most)
You can change your money i n ............................banks, (most)
I don’t lik e ............................the pictures in the living room, (any)
H e’s lo st............................his money, (all)
my friends are married, (none)
Do you k n o w ............................the people in this photograph? (any)
birds can fly. (most)
I enjoyed............................the film but I didn’t like the ending, (most)
sports are very dangerous, (some)
We can’t find anywhere to stay. ............................the hotels are full, (all)
You must h av e........................... this cheese. It’s delicious, (some)
The weather was bad when we were on holiday. It ra in e d ............................the time, (most)
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use all/most/some/none + of them / of it.
1
2
3
4
5
6
H ow
How
How
H ow
H ow
How
many
many
many
many
many
m uch
o f the people are women?
o f the boxes are on the table?
o f the m en are wearing hats?
o f the windows are open?
o f the people are standing?
o f the m oney is B en’s?
Most of tbem ....
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
....................... .....................................
.................................................... .........
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong. Write OK if the sentence is correct.
1( Most o f children-) like playing. Most cHtkiren....
2 All the students failed the exam. QK.....................
3 Some o f people work too hard..................................................................................
4 Some o f questions in the exam were very easy. ....................................................
5 I haven’t seen any o f those people before.................................................................
6 All o f insects have six legs...........................................................................................
7 Have you read all these books? ................................................................................
8 Most o f students in our class are very nice...............................................................
9 Most o f my friends are going to the party. .............................................................
10 I’m very tired this m orning - I was awake most o f night.......................................
U N IT
81
both
either
neither
We use b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r to talk about two things or people:
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r (n o t + either)
• Rosemary has two children. B o th are married. (B oth = the two children)
• Would you like tea or coffee? You can have e ith e r. (= tea or coffee)
• A: Do you want to go to the cinema or the theatre?
B: N e ith e r. I want to stay at home. (N e ith e r = n ot the cinema or the theatre)
Com pare e ith e r and n e ith e r:
• ‘Would you like tea o r coffee?’
B
‘E ith e r. I don’t mind.’ (= tea or coffee)
‘I d o n ’t want e ith er.’ (not ‘I don’t want neither’)
‘N e ith e r.’ (= not tea or coffee)
b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r + noun
b o th
+
plural:
e ith e r
n e ith e r
+
singular:
b o th w in d o w s /b o o k s /c h ild re n etc.
e ith e r
J w in d o w /b o o k /c h ild etc.
n e ith e r
• Last year I w ent to Paris and Rom e. 1 liked b o th cities very much.
• First I worked in an office, and later in a shop. N e ith e r j o b was very interesting.
• There are two ways from here to the station. You can go e ith e r way.
b o th o f ... / e ith e r o f ... / n e ith e r o f
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r
of
th e ...
these / th o se ...
m y / y o u r / A n n ’s ... etc.
I like both o-f those
pictures .
• N e ith e r o f m y p a re n ts is English.
• I haven’t read e ith e r o f th ese books.
You can say b o th (of) th e . . . / b o th (of) th o se . . . /
b o th (of) m y ... etc. (with or w ith o u t of):
• I like b o th o f th o se p ictu res, or I like b o th th o se p ictu res.
• B o th o f A n n ’s sisters are m arried, or B o th A n n ’s sisters are married.
b o th o f th e m / n e ith e r o f us etc.
b o th
e ith e r
n e ith e r
[ 170]
of
th e m
us
you
I ca n ’t eith er / n eith er can I =>
• Ann has got two sisters. B o th o f th e m are married.
• Tom and I didn’t eat anything. N e ith e r o f us w as hungry.
• W ho are those two people? I d o n ’t know e ith e r o f th em .
UNIT
41
U N IT
81
EXERCISES
81.1
Put in both/either/neither. Use of where necessary.
1 Last year I went to Paris and Rom e. I liked
cities very much.
2 There were two pictures on the wall. I didn’t like . ^ 0 ^ °.f..... them.
3 It was a good football m atch................................ teams played well.
4 It wasn’t a good football m atch................................. team played well.
5 ‘Is your friend English or American?’ ‘.............................. She’s Australian.’
6 We went away for two days but the weather wasn’t good. It rained o n ............................days.
7 A: I bought two newspapers. W hich one do you want?
B :..............................It doesn’t m atter which one.
8 I invited Diana and Mike to the party b u t ............................them came.
9 ‘Do you go to work by car or by bus?’ ‘.............................. I always walk.’
10 ‘W hich jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?’ ‘I don’t lik e ............................them.’
11 ‘Do you work or are you a student?’ ‘.............................. I’ve got a job and I study too.’
12 Paula and I didn’t know the time because............................us had a watch.
13 Ann has got two sisters and a brother................................. sisters are m arried.
14 Ann has got two sisters and a brother. I’ve m et her brother but I haven’t m e t..........................
her sisters.
81.2
Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use B oth... and N either....
6
ANSWER
7-8H3
7*6 - 16
1
2
3
81.3
BoWi cwps ore- empty.
arc open.
wearing a hat.
4 ........................................................ cameras.
5 ................................................to the airport.
6 ...............................................................right.
a man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences with
Both/Neither of them ....
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Are you married?
How old are you?
Are you a student?
Have you got a car?
Where do you live?
D o you like cooking?
Can you play the piano?
Do you read newspapers?
No
21
Yes
No
London
Yes
No
Yes
9 Are you interested in sport? N o
No —
21 —
Yes —
No
London
Yes
No
Yes
No
]
2
3
4
5
6
Netiher of them is worried.
Both of thew are- Z1.
students.
a car.
...............................
7
8
9
[171]
UN IT
82
a lot
much
a lo t o f m o n e y
many
n o t m u ch m oney
a lo t o f b o o k s
no t m any books
We use m u c h + uncountable noun:
m u c h fo o d / m u c h m o n e y etc.:
We use many + plural noun:
m a n y b o o k s / m a n y p e o p le etc.:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Did you buy m u c h food?
We haven’t got m u c h luggage.
H ow m u c h m o n e y do you want?
A: Have you got any m oney?
B: I’ve got some but n o t m u c h .
Did you buy m a n y books?
We don’t know m a n y peo p le.
How m a n y p h o to g ra p h s did you take?
A: D id you take any p h o to g ra p h s?
B: I took some but n o t m an y .
We use a lo t o f + all types o f noun:
• We bought a lo t o f food.
• Paula hasn’t got a lo t o f free tim e.
N ote that we say:
• There is a lot o f fo o d /m o n e y /w a te r ...
(singular verb)
• We bought a lo t o f books.
• Did they ask you a lo t o f questions?
• There are a lot o f tre e s /s h o p s /p e o p le ...
(plural verb)
• A lot o f p eo p le speak English, (not ‘speaks’)
We use
•
•
but
•
•
m u c h in questions and negative sentences, but not usually in positive sentences:
Do you drink m u c h coffee / a lo t o f coffee?
I don’t drink m u c h coffee / a lo t o f coffee.
I drink a lo t o f coffee, (not ‘I drink m uch coffee.’)
‘D o you drink m u c h coffee?’ ‘Yes, a lo t.’ (not ‘m uch’)
We use
•
•
•
m a n y and a lo t o f in all types o f sentences:
Have you got m a n y frie n d s / a lo t o f friends?
We haven’t got m a n y frie n d s / a lo t o f friends.
We’ve got m a n y frie n d s / a lo t o f frien d s.
m u c h and a lo t w ithout a noun
• Diane spoke to me but she didn’t say m u c h .
• ‘Do you watch T V m u c h ? ’ ‘N o, n o t m u c h .’ (= not often)
• We like films, so we go to the cinema a lot. (not ‘ m uch’ - See section B)
• I don’t like him very m u c h .
1172]
countable/uncountable =>
u n its
66-67
U N IT
82
EXERCISES
82.1
Putin much or many.
1 Did you buy nrUAC)1 food?
2 There aren’t ................ hotels in this town.
3 We haven’t g o t ................ petrol.
4 Were th e re ................ people on the train?
5
6
7
8
D id ..................students fail the examination?
Paula hasn’t g o t ..................m oney
I wasn’t very hungry. I didn’t e a t ....................
I haven’t seen George f o r ..................years.
Put in How much or How many.
9
10
11
12
82.2
people are com ing to the party?
milk do you want in your coffee?
bread did you buy?
players are there in a football team?
Complete the sentences. Use much or many with one of these words:
books
1
2
3
4
5
6
82.3
p e o p le
tim e
tim es
Complete the sentences with a lot of + one of these:
1
2
3
4
5
books
fu n
in te re s tin g th in g s
traffic
I like reading. I have ^ Lot o-f books.
We enjoyed our visit to the museum. We saw ..................................................................................
This road is very' dangerous. There a r e ...............................................................................................
We enjoyed our holiday. We had .........................................................................................................
It took me a long time to drive here. There w a s ...............................................................................
In some of these sentences much is not natural. Change the sentences or write OK.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
82.5
lu g g ag e
I don’t read very much. I haven’t got
.....
Quick! We must hurry. We haven’t g o t .......................................................................
D o you travel a lot? Have you been t o ..................................................................... ?
Tina hasn’t lived here very long, so she doesn’t k n o w .......................................................................
‘Have you g o t .....................................................................?’ ‘No, only this bag.’
I know Paris very well. I’ve been th e re .......................................................................
ac cid e n ts
82.4
c o u n trie s
Do you drink much coffee?
^ ...................
I drinkpmuch tea?)
It was a cold winter. We had m uch snow.
...................................
There wasn’t much snow last winter.
..............................................
It costs much money to travel around the world......................................................
We had a cheap holiday It didn’t cost m uch.
..............................................
D o you know much about computers?
..............................................
‘Have you got any luggage?’ ‘Yes, m uch.’
..............................................
Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jim loves films, (go to the cinema)
Linda thinks TV is boring, (watch TV)
Tina is a good tennis player, (play tennis)
M artin doesn’t like driving, (use his car)
Paul spends most o f the time at home, (go out)
Sue has been all over the world, (travel)
.
^
. She d^esn t wtUxh TV m uch.
She ...............................................
H e .................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
1173|
m
(a) little
(a) few
Vz
B
c
^7
a little w a te r
a few b o o k s
(a) little + uncountable noun:
(a) few + plural noun
(a) little w a te r
(a) little tim e
(a) few books
(a) few p e o p le
(a) little m o n e y
(a) little so u p
a few = some but not many:
• She didn’t eat anything but she drank
a little w ater.
• I speak a little S panish. (= some Spanish
but n ot much)
• A: Can you speak Spanish?
B: A little.
* Last night I wrote a few letters.
^ l i t t l e (w ithout a) = nearly no ... or nearly
nothing:
* We’re going away for a few days.
* I speak a few w o rd s o f Spanish.
* A: Are there any shops in the village?
B: Yes, a few.
jtf few (w ithout a) = nearly no ... :
* There were few p e o p le in the park. It
was nearly empty.
You can say very little:
• Dan is very thin because he eats very
little. (= nearly nothing)
You can say v ery few:
* Your English is very correct. You make
very few m istakes.
little and a little:
few and a few:
a little is a positive idea:
• They have a little money, so they’re not
poor. (= they have some money)
a few is a positive idea:
* I’ve got a few friends, so I’m not lonely.
(= I’ve got some friends)
X little is a negative idea:
k’few is a negative idea:
I’m sad and I’m lonely. I’ve got few
friends. (= nearly no friends)
• They have little money. They are very
poor. (= nearly no money)
/TVe got o.
I’ve got HtfcleA
~
moneu^JV . -----^rnoney. J
( I’ve goto.-few ) C __|V egot-few \
S '
- f r i e n d s ''\frlends.)
( r- v ' X u
Vwy
[1 7 4 |
®)
(a) few questions
(a) few days
a little = some but not much:
• There was little fo o d in the fridge. It was
nearly empty.
D
''■J B
countable/uncountable =>
units 66-67
.(v - 3
fir
U N IT
83
EXERCISES
83.1
Answer the questions with a little or a few.
1
2
3
4
5
6
83.2
‘Have you got any money?’ ‘Yes,
.’
‘Have you got any envelopes?’ ‘Yes,.............................’•
‘Do you want sugar in your coffee?’ ‘Y es,............................, please.’
‘Did you take any photographs w hen you were on holiday?’ ‘Yes,.............................’
‘Does your friend speak English?’ ‘Yes,..............................’
‘Are there any factories in this town?’ ‘Y es,..............................’
Put in a little or a few + one of these words:
air
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
83.3
ch airs
days
frie n d s
le t te rs
m ilk
R u ssian
tim es
Last night I wrote ft- few Letters to my family and friends.
Can I have.....................................................................in my coffee, please?
‘W hen didjulia go away?’ ‘..................................................................... ago.’
‘Do you speak any foreign languages?’ ‘1 can speak....................................................................... '
‘Are you going out alone?’ ‘No, I’m going w ith ..................................................................... .’
‘Have you ever been to R om e?’ ‘Yes,..................................................................... .’
There wasn’t m uch furniture in the room - just a table a n d ............................................................
I’m going out for a walk. I n e e d ........................................ fresh............................................
Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + one of these words:
coffee
h o tels
m istak e s
p e o p le
rain
tim e
w o rk
1 Your English is very good. You make
I™^aices
2 I d rin k ....................................................................... I don’t like it.
3 T he weather here is very dry in summer. There i s ......................................................
4 It’s difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There a re ..........................................
3 We must hurry. W e’ve g o t ........................................................................
6 The town is very quiet at night..........................................................................go out.
7 Some people in the office are very lazy. They d o ........................................................
83.4
Put in little / a little / few / a few.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
83.5
There was
.... food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.
‘W hen did Sarah go out?’ ‘............................minutes ago.’
I can’t decide now. I n e e d ............................time to think about it.
There w as............................traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.
T he bus service isn’t very good at night - there a re ............................buses after 9 o ’clock.
‘Would you like some soup?’ ‘Yes,............................, please.’
I’d like to practise my English more but I have............................opportunity.
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences where necessary. Write 0K\\ the sentence is correct.
1
2
3
4
5
6
We’re going away (lor few days’) next week.
Everybody needs little luck.
I can’t talk to you now - I’ve got few things to do.
I eat very little meat - 1 don’t like it very much.
Excuse me, can I ask you few questions?
There were little people on the bus —it was nearly empty.
f? r
"few
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
[175]
1
UNIT
B 84
ill
A
old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)
adjective + noun (nice day / b lu e eyes etc.)
adjective + noun
It’s a n ice
Laura has got b ro w n
T here’s a very o ld
Do you like Italian
I don’t speak any fo re ig n
There are some b e a u tifu l yellow
......
day today.
eyes.
b rid g e in this village.
food?
languages.
flow ers in the garden.
The adjective is before the noun:
• They live in a m o d e r n h o u se. (,not ‘a house m odern’)
• Have you m et any fa m o u s people? (not ‘people famous’)
The ending o f an adjective is always the same:
a d iffe re n t p lace
d iffe re n t places (not ‘differents’)
B
be (a m /is/w a s etc.) + adjective
The weather is n ice today.
These flowers are very beau tifu l.
• A re you cold? Shall 1 close the window?
I’m h u n g ry . Can I have something to eat?
The film w a sn ’t very g o o d . It w as b o rin g .
Please b e q u iet. I’m reading.
C
lo o k /f e e l/s m e ll/ta s te /s o u n d + adjective
It smells
good.
You sound"'
Happy.
It tastes
flood. ^
• ‘You lo o k tired .’ ‘Yes, I feel tired .’
• George told me about his new job. It so u n d s very in te restin g .
• D on’t cook that meat. It doesn’t sm ell g o od.
Compare:
He
[176]
is
feels
looks
tire d .
Thev
g e t + adjective (g et h u n g r y /tir e d etc.) =>
are
lo o k
sound
IS
A m e ric a n .
It sm ells
tastes
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y + adjcctivc :
good.
UNIT
84
EXERCISES
- 84.1
Put the words in the right order.
1
2
3
4
5
84.2
(new / live in / house / they / a) I!
(like / jacket / I / that / green) I ................................................................................................
(music / like / do / classical / you?) D o ...................................................................................
(had / wonderful / a / I / holiday) ............................................................................................
(went to / restaurant / a / Chinese / we) .................................................................................
The words in the box are adjectives (black/foreign etc.) or nouns (air/job etc.). Use an adjective and a
noun to complete each sentence.
air
black
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
84.3
clouds
dangerous
holiday
hot
job
knife
languages
long
sharp
water
Do you speak any
^ ?£.... ?
Look at th o se ....................................................................... It’s going to rain.
Sue works very hard and she’s very tired. She needs a ..................................
I want to have a bath but there’s n o ..................................................................
Can you open the window? We need so m e ..................................................
I need a .....................................................................to cut these onions.
Fire-fighting is a .......................................................................
Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from Box A and Box B.
..... ...............
+ B
A
happy
sound(s)
feel(s)
look(s)
horrible
look(s)
smell (s)
taste(s)
( 1 You sownd Happy,.
4 You
84.4
fe«4gn
fresh
ill
new
nice
surprised
( 2 “ ........................................ ) I 3 1 ....................
\/
r
^
J [ 5 T h e y ..................................( 6 It
A and B don’t agree. Complete B’s sentences. Use the word in brackets (...).
A „
1
2
3
4
5
6
You look tired.
This is a new coat.
I’m American.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
That soup looks good.
D o j? j don’t -feel tire d .
Is it? It ....................................................
Are you? You ........................................
Do I? I ....................................................
Are they? They ....................................
Does it? It .............................................
B
/ I
(feel)
................. (look)
.................
(sound)
................. (feel)
................. (look)
................. (taste)
[ 177|
U N IT
85
quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
Q u ic k ly and su d d en ly are adverbs.
!!
adjective + -ly —> adverb:
quick
quickly
bad
badly
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
B
sudden
suddenly
easy —> easily
careful
carefully
heavy
heavily
heavy —> heavily
Adverbs tell you how something happens or how
somebody does something:
• T he train sto p p e d suddenly.
• I o p e n e d the door slowly.
• Please listen carefully.
• I u n d e rs ta n d you p erfectly.
Compare:
adjective (=> U nit 84)
adverb
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sue is very q u iet.
B e careful!
It was a b a d gam e.
I feel nervous. (= I am nervous)
hard
fast
late
early
'"'N
etc.
r
It’s ra in in g heavily.
Sue speaks very q u ietly . (not ‘speaks very quiet’)
L isten carefully! (not ‘listen careful’)
O u r team played badly, (not ‘played bad’)
I w a ite d nervously.
These words are adjectives and adverbs:
• Sue’s jo b is very hard.
• Ben is a fast ru n n e r.
• The bus was late /e a rly .
• Sue w o rk s very h a rd , (not ‘hardly’)
• Ben can ru n fast.
• I w e n t to bed la te /e a rly .
g o o d (adjective) —> well (adverb)
• Your English is very go o d .
• It was a g o o d g am e.
• You sp eak English very well, (not ‘very good’)
• O u r team played well.
But well is also an adjective (= not ill, in good health):
• ‘How are you?’ ‘I’m very w ell, thank you. And you?’
[ 178]
adjectives =>
UNIT
84
U N IT
85
EXERCISES
85.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with one of these adverbs:
a n g rily
b ad ly
d a n g e ro u sly
fast
3
heavily
q u ietly
4
5
6
fa
■N
1
1
1
H
r
1 It’s raining .
2 H e sings v e r y ..............
3 They came in .............
85.2
4 She shouted at me
5 She can run very ...
6 H e was d riv in g ....
Choose a verb (Box A) + an adverb (Box B) to complete the sentences.
A
come
explain
know
listen
sleep
think
win
work
+
B
eafefelly
carefully
clearly
easily
hard
quickly
well
well
1 I’m going to tell you something very important, so please .U6ixn_..cajrpfuUi^ ....
2 Ann! I need your help.............................................................. !
3 T h e y ...........................................................At the end o f the day they’re always tired.
I’m tired this m orning. I didn’t .........................................................last night.
You’re a much better tennis player than me. W hen we play, you always...................
.........................................................before you answer the question.
I’ve met Alice a few times but I don’t .............................her v e ry ................................
8 O ur teacher isn’t very good. Sometimes he doesn’t .........................things v e ry ........
85.3
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
85.4
D on’t eat so-q«iek/quickly. It’s not good for you.
quickly is right
W hy are you angry/angrily? I haven’t done anything.
Can you speak slow/slowly, please?
Com e on, Dave! Why arc you always so slow/slowly?
Bill is a very careful/carefully driver.
Jane is studying hard/hardly for her examinations.
‘W here’s Diane?’ ‘She was here but she left sudden/suddenly.’
Please be quiet/quietly. I’m studying.
Some companies pay their workers very bad/badly.
Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?
Put in good or well.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Your English is very 99®“ . You speak English very
Jackie did v e ry .......... in her exams.
T he party was v e ry ............ I enjoyed it very much.
M artin has a difficult job but he does i t ............
H ow are your parents? Are th e y .......... ?
Did you have a .......... holiday? Wis the w e a th er............?
..
[179]
UNIT
86
old/older
expensive/more expensive
A
old
o ld e r
heavy
h eav ier
expensive
m o re expensive
O ld e r / h eav ier / m o re expensive are comparative forms.
T he comparative is - e r (older) or m o re ... (m o re expensive).
B
-e r (older/heavier etc.)
Short words (1 syllable) —> -er:
old —» older
nice —> nicer
c h e a p —» cheaper
b ig -» bigger
slow —> slower
late —> later
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
hot —» h o tte r
big —» bigger
Words ending in -y —> -ier:
easy —> easier
•
•
•
•
•
heavy —» heavier
R om e is old but Athens is o ld er. (not ‘more old’)
Is it c h e a p e r to go by car or by train? (not ‘more cheap’)
Helen wants a b ig g e r car.
This coat is O K but I think the other one is n icer.
D on’t write a letter. It’s easier to phone, (not ‘more easy’)
far —» fu rth e r:
• ‘How far is it to the station? A mile?’
‘N o, it’s fu rth e r. About two m iles’
m o re ...
Long words (2 /3 /4 syllables) —> m o re ... :
careful —> m o re careful
expensive —> m o re expensive
polite —> m o re polite
interesting —» m o re interesting
• You must be m o re careful.
• I don’t like my job. 1 want to do something m o re in te restin g .
• Is it m o re expensive to go by car or by train?
g o o d /w e ll —> b e tte r
b a d —» w o rse
• T he weather wasn’t very g o o d yesterday but it’s b e tte r today.
• ‘D o you feel b e tte r today?’ ‘No, I feel w orse.’
• W hich is w orse - a headache or a toothache?
[180]
o ld e r th a n ... / m o r e e x p e n siv e th a n
th e o ld e s t / th e m o s t e x p e n siv e =>
U N IT
EXERCISES
86.1
Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older / more interesting etc.).
86.2
Write the comparative.
1
2
3
4
5
86.3
86
old ...®!4*?’...
6 good .................
strong ............................................................ 7 large ..............
happy ............................................................
8 serious .
m odern .........................................................
9 pretty ....
im portant .....................................................
10 crowded
Write the opposite.
1 younger
.....
4 better ....
2 colder ..............................................................
5 nearer ...
3 cheaper ........................................................... 6 easier ...........
864
Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
1 H elen’s car isn’t very big. She wants a
...one.
2 My job isn’t very interesting. I want to do something ..^pre
3 You’re not very tall. Your brother i s ...........................................................
4 David doesn’t work very hard. I w o rk .........................................................
5 My chair isn’t very' comfortable. Yours i s ....................................................
6 Your plan isn’t very good. My plan is ...........................................................
7 These flowers aren’t very nice. T he blue ones a re ......................................
8 My bag isn’t very heavy. Your bag i s ...........................................................
9 I’m not very interested in art. I’m .......................................................... in history.
10 It isn’t very warm today. It w a s......................................................... yesterday.
11 These tomatoes don’t taste very good. T he other ones tasted..................................
12 Britain isn’t very big. France i s ...........................................................
13 London isn’t very beautiful. Paris i s ...........................................................
14 This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a .........................................................one?
15 People today aren’t very polite. In the past they w e re .................................................
1181]
older than
more expensive than
T he Europa Hotel is m o re expensive th a n the Grand.
We use
•
•
•
•
•
th a n after comparatives (older th a n . . . / m o re expensive th a n ... ctc.)\
Athens is o ld e r th an Rom e.
Are oranges m o re expensive th a n bananas?
It’s easier to phone th a n to w rite a letter.
‘H ow are you today?’ ‘N o t bad. B e tte r th a n yesterday.’
T he restaurant is m o re c ro w d e d th a n usual.
We say:
•
•
•
than m e / than h im / than h e r / than us / than th e m . You can say:
I can ru n faster th a n h im . or I can run faster th a n he can.
You are a better singer th a n m e. or You are a better singer th a n I am .
1 got up earlier th a n her. or 1 got up earlier th a n she did.
m o re /le s s th a n ...
• A: How m uch did your shoes cost? £ 3 0 ?
B: No, m o re th a n that. (= m o re th a n £30)
• The film was very short —less th an an hour.
• They’ve got m o re m o n e y th a n they need.
• You go out m o re th an me.
35-i
MORE THAN 50
■30
L£SS THAN 50
D
2.5-1
a b it o ld e r / m u c h o ld e r etc.
Y /7 7 r r r ^
Box A is a b it b ig g e r than Box B.
a b it
m uch
[ 182]
bigger
older
better
more difficult
more expensive
Box C is m u c h b ig g e r than Box D.
• Canada is m u c h b ig g e r than France.
• Jill is a b it o ld e r than Gary —she’s 25 and he’s
than ...
old —» older, expensive —> m o re expensive
24 a.
• T he hotel was m u c h m o re expensive than I
expected.
• You go out m u c h m o re than me.
n o t as (old) as :
U N IT
87
EXERCISES
87.1
Write sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than.
1 I’m 26.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m not a very good swimmer.
I’m I metre 68 tall.
I start work at 8 o ’clock.
I don’t w ork very' hard.
1 haven’t got m uch money.
I’m a very good driver.
I’m not very patient.
I’m not a very good dancer.
I’m very intelligent.
I speak French very well.
I don’t go to the cinema very much.
LIZ
//
/
1 Liz is older than Ben.
2 Ben is a better swimmer than Liz.
3 Liz i s ..............................................................
4 Liz sta rts.............................................. Ben.
5 B e n ................................................................
6 Ben has g o t ...................................................
87.2
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
8
9
10
11
12
I’m 24.
I’m a very good swimmer.
I’m 1 metre 63 tall.
I start work at 8.30.
I w ork very hard.
I’ve got a lot o f money.
I’m not a very good driver.
I’m very patient.
I’m a good dancer.
I’m not very intelligent.
1 don’t speak French very well.
1 go to the cinema a lot.
Liz is a ...............................................
Ben
Ben
Liz ...
Liz...
Ben
Complete the sentences. Use than.
1 He isn’t very tall. You Ve te lle r th an him .
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
87.3
(OR ... th an he is .)
She isn’t very old. You’r e ........................................................................
I don’t work very hard. You w o rk ........................................................
H e doesn’t watch TV very m uch. You ................................................
I’m not a very good cook. You .............................................................
We don’t know many people. Y o u ........................................................
They haven’t got much money. Y o u ....................................................
I can’t run very fast. You can ..................................................................
She hasn’t been here very long. Y o u .....................................................
They didn’t get up very early. You ........................................................
He wasn’t very surprised. You ..............................................................
Complete the sentences with a bit or much + a comparative (older/better etc.).
1 Jill is 25. Gary is 24 'A.
JLU. is . a bit o l A ^
G a ty ,
2 Jack’s m other is 54. His father is 69.
Jack’s m o th e r.................................................................................................
3 My camera cost / ^ \ 00. Yours cost £ 9 6 .
My camera ....................................................................................................
4 Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel OK.
I feel ................................................................................................................
5 Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was ten degrees.
It’s ...................................................................................................................
6 Ann is an excellent tennis player. I’m not very good.
A n n .................................................................................................................
[183]
She’s old but she’s n o t as old as lie is.
•
•
•
•
Box A isn’t as b ig as Box B.
R om e is n o t as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
T he Grand Hotel isn’t as expensive as the Europa. (= the Europa is m o re expensive)
I d o n ’t play tennis as o fte n as you. (= you play m o re often)
The weather is better than it was yesterday. It isn’t as cold. (= as cold as it was
yesterday)
n o t as m u c h as ... / n o t as m a n y as ...
• I haven’t got as m u c h m o n e y as you. (= you’ve got m o re m o n ey )
• I don’t know as m a n y p e o p le as you. (— you know m o re people)
• I don’t go out as m u c h as you. (= you go out m o re)
Compare n o t as ... as and than:
• R o m e is n o t as old as Athens.
Athens is o ld e r th a n R om e. (not ‘older as R o m e ’)
• Tennis isn’t as p o p u la r as football.
Football is m o re p o p u la r th a n tennis.
• I d o n ’t go out as m u c h as you.
You go out m o re th a n me.
We say: as m e / as h im / as h e r etc.
You can say:
• She’s not as old as h im . or She’s not as old as he is.
• You don’t work as hard as m e. or You don’t work as hard as I do.
We say th e sa m e as ... :
• T he weather today is th e sam e as yesterday.
• My hair is th e sa m e c o lo u r as yours.
• I arrived at th e sam e tim e as Tim.
m uch/m any =>
unit
82
o ld e r th a n ... / m o r e e x p e n siv e th a n ... => UNIT 87
U N IT
88
EXERCISES
.1
Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B and C.
1 A is digger tHan C but not a s big a s B.
2 A i s .................................................................. ... B but not .............................. .............................. C.
3 C is .................................................................. ... A b u t .....................................
4 A is .................................................................. ... but .........................................
5 B has g o t ........................................................
6 C w o rk s.........................................................
88.2
Write sentences with a s ... a s ....
1 Athens is older than Rom e.
2 My room is bigger than yours.
3 You got up earlier than me.
4 We played better than them.
5 I’ve been here longer than you.
6 She’s more nervous than him.
88.3
Put in as or than.
J
2
3
4
88.4
R om e i s n ’t a s old- a s A thens.
Your room isn’t ......................................................................
I didn’t ......................................................................................
T h e y .........................................................................................
Y o u ...........................................................................................
H e .............................................................................................
Athens is older
Rom e.
I don’t watch TV as m u c h ................ you.
You cat m o re ................ me.
I feel b e tte r................ I felt yesterday.
5 Jim isn’t as clever................ he thinks.
6 Belgium is sm aller................ Switzerland.
7 Brazil isn’t as b ig ................ Canada.
8 I can’t wait lo n g e r................ an hour.
Use the information to complete the sentences about Julia, Andrew and Caroline. Use the same age /th e
same street etc.
ANDREW
JU LIA
CA RO LIN E
I’m ZZ.
I live m Hill Street.
got wp at 7 .15.
I Haven’t got a car.
1 (age)
(street)
3 (time)
4 (colour)
2
Andrew Is th e , sam e age. a s C a r o lin e .
Julia liv es.......................................................
Julia got u p ...................................................
Andrew’s .......................................................
1185]
the oldest
the most expensive
HOTEL PRICES IN K1NT0N
(per person . per nijjhtf)
Europa H otel
H5 Grosvenor
Grantl H otel
/35-50 Bennetts
Royal
185 Carlton
A rlona.
n0
Pa lace
165 S ta tio n
Box A is b ig g e r th a n Box B.
Box A is b ig g e r th a n all the other boxes.
Box A is th e b ig g est box.
The Europa Hotel is m o re expensive th a n the
Grand.
T he Europa Hotel is m o re expensive th a n all
the other hotels in the town.
The Europa Hotel is th e m o s t expensive hotel
in the town.
Bigger / older / m o re expensive etc. are comparative forms (=> U nit 86 ).
Biggest / oldest / m o s t expensive etc. are superlative forms.
The superlative form is -e s t (oldest) or m o s t ... (m o st expensive):
Short words (o ld /c h e a p /n ic e etc.) —» th e -est:
but
o ld —> th e oldest
g o o d —> th e b e st
Spelling (=> Appendix 5):
c h e ap —> th e cheapest
b a d —> th e w o rst
n ice
th e nicest
big —> the biggest
h ot —> the hottest
Words ending in -y (ea sy /h ea v y etc.) —> th e -iest:
easy —> th e easiest
heavy —> th e heaviest
pretty —> th e prettiest
L ong words (c a re fu l/e x p e n siv e /in te re stin g etc.) —> th e m o s t .. . :
careful —> th e m o s t careful
in te re s tin g —> th e m o s t interesting
We say: th e oldest ... / th e most expensive ... etc. (with the):
• T he church is very old. It’s th e o ld est building iu the town.
(= it is older th a n all the other buildings)
• W hat is th e lo n g e st river in the world?
• M oney is important but it isn’t th e m o s t im p o r ta n t thing in life.
• Excuse me, where is th e n e a re st bank?
You can use th e o ld est / th e b e st / th e m o s t expensive etc. w ithout a noun:
• Ken is a good player but he isn’t th e b est in the team.
(the b e st = the best player)
superlative + I’ve ever ... / y o u ’ve ever ... etc.
• T he film was very bad. I think it’s th e w o rs t film I’ve ever seen.
• W hat is th e m o s t u n u su a l thing y o u ’ve ever done?
[ 186 |
present perfect -I- ever =>
160
fS5
i5 0
MS
/5 8
older / more expensive
u n its
86-87
U N IT
89
EXERCISES
89.1
Write sentences with comparatives (older etc.) and superlatives (the oldest etc.).
(b ig /sm all)
(A/D) A is bigger th a n D.
(A)
A Is the- b ^ e sfc .
(B)
srr’d tlest(lo n g /sh o rt)
(C/A) C is ..
(D)
D is ..
(B)
B .....
A.
(y o u n g /o ld )
(D /C ) D ....
(B )
(C)
(ex p en siv e/ch eap )
(D/A) .....................
(C)
.....................
(A )
r e st a u r a n t
a
restaurant
d
RESTAURANT B
restaurant c
89.2
fxcttU nt
Yiot bad.
g oo cL but nob u io h d e r fu l
axojuX
..................
(g o o d /b a d )
(A/C) .......
(A )
0 >)
.......
Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).
This building is very old. Its
... . in the town.
It was a very happy day. It w as......................................................................of my life.
It’s a very good film. It’s ......................................................................I’ve ever seen.
She’s a very popular singer. She’s ......................................................................in the country.
It was a very bad mistake. It w as......................................................................I’ve ever made.
6 It’s a very pretty village. It’s ......................................................................I’ve ever seen.
7 It was a very cold day. It w as......................................................................o f the year.
8 H e’s a very boring person. H e’s ......................................................................I’ve ever met.
1
2
3
4
5
89.3
Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.).
-Svdw-ev
Everest
Alaska
Brazil
Jupiter
the Nile-
large
long
high
country
Cl tv
river
planet
state
m ountain
the USA
Africa
the world
the solar system
South America
1 Sydney is the Largest city in AwstnUia.
2 E v erest................................................................
3
4
5
6
[187]
enough
She can’t buy a sandwich.
She hasn’t got e n o u g h m o n e y .
H e can’t reach the shelf.
H e isn’t tall en o u g h .
e n o u g h + noun (en o u g h m o n e y / e n o u g h p e o p le ctc.)
• ‘Is there e n o u g h su g ar in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
• We wanted to play football but we didn’t have e n o u g h players.
• W hy don’t you buy a car? You’ve got e n o u g h m o n e y , (not ‘money enough’)
e n o u g h w ithout a noun:
• I’ve got some money but not e n o u g h to buy a car.
(= I need more m oney to buy a car)
• ‘Would you like some more to eat?’ ‘No, thanks. I’ve had e n o u g h .’
• You’re always at hom e. You don’t go out e n o u g h .
adjective + e n o u g h (good e n o u g h / tall e n o u g h ctc.)
• ‘Shall we sit outside?’ ‘No, it isn’t w a rm e n o u g h .’ (not ‘enough w arm ’)
• Can you hear the radio? Is it lo u d e n o u g h for you?
• D on’t buy that coat. It’s nice but it isn’t lo n g e n o u g h . (= it’s too short)
Rem em ber:
e n o u g h + noun
but
adjective + e n o u g h
e n o u g h money
e n o u g h time
e n o u g h people
D
[1 8 8 |
tall e n o u g h
good e n o u g h
old e n o u g h
We say:
e n o u g h fo r (somebody/something)
• This pullover isn’t b ig e n o u g h fo r m e.
• I haven’t got e n o u g h m o n e y fo r a car.
e n o u g h to (do something)
• I haven’t got e n o u g h m o n e y to b u y a car.
(not ‘for buy a car’)
• Is your English g o o d e n o u g h to have a
conversation? (not ‘for have’)
e n o u g h fo r (somebody/something)
to (do something)
• There aren’t e n o u g h ch airs fo r e v e ry b o d y
to sit down.
to ... and fo r ... =>
UNIT
53
to o =>
UNIT
91
U N IT
gg
EXERCISES
90.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + one of these words:
ch airs
m oney
p a in t
w in d
1 She hasn’t got
money ,
2 There aren’t ..................................
90.2
3 She hasn’t got
4 There isn’t .....
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use one of these adjectives + enough:
b ig
h>ng
stro n g
taH
1
1 He .
2 The car ..........................
90.3
Complete the sentences. Use enough with one of these words:
b ig
eat
fru it
lo u d
o ld
p ra c tise
su g a r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
90.4
3 His legs aren’t
4 H e ..................
tim e
tire d
‘Is there
...sugar in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
Can you hear the radio? Is it
for you?
He can leave school if he wants —he’s ...........................................................
D id you have......................................................... to answer all the questions in the exam?
This house isn’t .........................................................for a large family.
Tina is very thin. She doesn’t ...........................................................
You don’t e a t........................................................... You should eat m ore - it’s good for you.
It’s late but I don’t want to go to bed now. I’m n o t ......
Lisa isn’t a very good tennis player because she doesn’t .
Complete the sentences. Use enough with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
We haven’t g o t.. ^.owgbjripney to buy...a car.
This knife isn’t ..................................................................... tomatoes.
T he water wasn’t ..................................................................... a bath.
Llave we got .....................................................................sandwiches?
Wc played well but n o t ..................................................................... the game.
6 I don’t h av e....................................... ..............................newspapers.
(money / buy)
(sharp / cut)
(warm / have)
(bread / make)
(well / win)
(time / read)
U N IT
91
too
His shoes are to o b ig for him.
B
to o + adjective / adverb (too b ig / to o h a rd etc)
• Can you turn the radio down?
It’s to o lo ud. (= louder than I want)
• I can’t work. I’m to o tired.
• l think you work to o h ard .
to o m u c h / to o m an y —more than you want, more than is good:
• I don’t like the weather here. There is to o m u c h rain . (= more rain than is good)
• Let’s go to another restaurant. There are to o m a n y p e o p le here.
• Emily studies all the time. I think she studies to o m u c h .
• Traffic is a problem in this town. There are to o m a n y cars.
Com pare to o and n o t e n o u g h :
• The hat is to o b ig for him.
• T he hat isn’t b ig e n o u g h
for him. (= it’s to o sm all)
• The radio is to o lo ud.
Can you turn it down,
please?
• T he radio isn’t lo u d
e n o u g h . Can you turn it
up, please?
• T here’s to o m u c h su g a r
in my coffee. (= more
sugar than 1 want)
• T here’s n o t e n o u g h
su g a r in my coffee.
(= I need m ore sugar)
n o t b ig e n o u
• You’re very thin. You d o n ’t eat en o u g h .
to o b ig
• I don’t feel very well. I ate to o m u c h .
We say:
[190]
to o ... fo r (somebody/something)
• These shoes are to o b ig fo r m e.
• It’s a small house - to o sm all fo r a large fam ily.
to o ... to (do something)
• I’m to o tire d to go out. (not ‘for go out’)
• It’s to o co ld to sit outside.
to o ... fo r (somebody/something)
to (do something)
• She speaks to o fast fo r m e to u n d e rsta n d .
to
and
for :
UNIT 53
m u c h / m a n y =>
UNIT
82
e n o u g h =>
UNIT
90
U N IT
91
EXERCISES
91.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + one of these words:
b ig
c ro w d e d
fast
heavy
lo u d
low
1 The radio is ty o j A u d ,.
2 The box i s .....................................................
3 The net is ......................................................
91.2
Put in too / too much / too many / enough.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
91.3
4 She’s d riv in g .....
5 The ball i s .........
6 The restaurant is
You’re always at home. You don’t go out ...^owgh
I don’t like the weather here. T here’s
rain.
I can’t w'ait for them. I haven’t g o t ............................ time.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There w e re ............................people.
You’re always tired. I think you w o rk ............................hard.
‘Did you have............................to eat?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
You d r in k ........................... coffee. It’s not good for you.
You don’t e a t............................vegetables. You should eat more.
I don’t like the weather here. It’s ............................cold.
O ur team didn’t, play well. We m a d e ............................mistakes.
‘W ould you like some milk in your tea?’ ‘Yes, but n o t ..............................’
Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with the words in brackets (...).
1 I couldn’t work. I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
91.4
....
>
(tired)
Can you turn the radio up, please? It Lsn fc U)w<i enough,
(loud)
I don’t want to walk home. It’s ................................................................................. ..... (far)
D o n ’t buy anything in that shop. It ......................................................................... ..... (expensive)
You can’t put all your things in this bag. I t ............................................................. ..... (big)
I couldn’t do the exercise. I t ........................................................................................... (difficult)
Your work needs to be better. It ............................................................................. ..... (good)
I can’t talk to you now. I ................................................................................................ (busy)
I thought the film was boring. I t .............................................................................. ..... (long)
Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to (do something).
1
2
3
4
5
(I’m not going out / cold)
(I’m not going to bed / early)
(they’re not getting m arried / young)
(nobody goes out at night / dangerous)
(don’t phone Ann now / late)
6 (I didn’t say anything / surprised)
Iks.too cold to go o u t.....
It’s ............................................................... ...............
T hey’r e .....................................................................
It’s ..............................................................................
It’s...............................................................................
I was ..........................................................................
[191]
U N IT
92
He speaks English very well,
(word order 1)
verb + object
Sue
reads a n e w sp a p e r
subject
verb
every day.
object
T he verb (reads) and the object (a n ew sp ap er) are
usually together. We say:
• Sue reads a n e w sp a p e r every day.
(not ‘Sue reads every day a newspaper.’)
A N E W S P A P E R (O B JE C T )
verb
+ object
He speaks E nglish very well,
(not ‘He speaks very well English.’)
I like Ita lia n fo o d very much,
Did you w atch
We in v ited
television all evening?
W hy do you always m a k e
I’m going to b o rro w
(not ‘Did you watch all evening ... ?’)
a lo t o f p e o p le to the party,
Paul often w ears a b lac k hat.
I opened
(not ‘I like very m uch . . . ’)
(not ‘We invited to the party ... ’)
(not ‘Paul wears often . .. ')
th e d o o r quietly.
th e sam e m istake?
so m e m o n e y from the bank.
place and time
We went to a p a rty last n ig h t.
place
time
Place (to a party ) is usually before tim e (last nig h t). We say:
• We went to a p a rty last n ig h t, (not ‘We went last night to a party'.’)
place
(where?)
time
(when? how long? how often?)
Liz walks
to w o rk
every day.
Will you be
at hom e
this evening?
1 usually go
to b e d
early,
a t th e a ir p o r t
a t 7 o ’clock.
We arrived
word order in questions :
u n its
43-45
every day to work’)
(not ‘ . . . this evening at hom e?’)
(not ‘ . . . early to bed’)
They’ve lived in th e sa m e h o u se fo r 2 0 years.
since Ju n e .
Jim ’s father has been in h o sp ita l
[192]
(not ‘
alw ay s/u su ally /o ften etc. :
U N IT
EXERCISES
92.1
92
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 Did you watch(~all evening television? ~)
2 Sue reads a newspaper every day.
..Q.K....
.......................................................................
3 I like very much this picture.
4 Tom started last week his new job.
........................................................................
5 1 want to speak English fluently.
........................................................................
6 Jane bought for her friend a present.
........................................................................
7 I drink ever)' day three cups o f coffee.
.......................................................................
8 D on’t eat your dinner too quickly!
.......................................................................
9 I borrowed from my brother fifty pounds..............................................................................
92.2
Put the words in order.
1 (the door / opened / I / quietly)
2 (two letters / I / this m orning / wrote)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
92.3
.
.
!
.
.
.
....
I .....................................................................
(passed / Paul / easily / the exam)
........................................................................
(Ann / very well / French / doesn’t speak) .........................................................................
(a lot o f work / did / I / yesterday)
.........................................................................
(London / do you know / well?)
.........................................................................
(we / enjoyed / very much / the party)
.........................................................................
(the problem / carefully / I / explained) .........................................................................
(we / at the airport / some friends / met) .........................................................................
(did you buy / in England / that jacket?) .........................................................................
(every day / do / the same thing / we)
.........................................................................
(football / don’t like / very much / I)
.........................................................................
Put the words in order.
1 (to work / every day / walks / Liz)
..M*M work every cUy
I ....................................................................
(goes / every year / to Italy / Julia)
J u lia ..............................................................
(we / since 1988 / here / have lived)
W e ................................................................
(in London / Sue / in 1960 / was born)
S u e ................................................................
(didn’t go / yesterday / Paul / to work)
P a u l..............................................................
(to the bank / yesterday afternoon / went
/ Ann)
A n n ............................................................................................................................................
(I / in bed / this m orning / my breakfast / had)
1 .......................................................................................................................................
(in O ctober / Barbara / to university / is going)
B arbara......................................................................................................................................
(I / a beautiful bird / this m orning / in the garden / saw)
I .......................................................................................................................................
(many times / have been / my parents / to the U nited States)
M y .............................................................................................................................................
(my umbrella / I / last night / left / in the restaurant)
I .......................................................................................................................................
(to the cinema / tom orrow evening / are you going?)
A re .............................................................................................................................................
(the children / 1 / took / this m orning / to school)
I
2 (at the hotel / I / early / arrived)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
[193]
U N IT
93
A
always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
o ften
s o m e tim e s
always
usually
ever
nev er
rarely
se ld o m
also
ju s t
alread y
still
all
b o th
These words (alw ays/never etc.) are often with the verb in the middle o f a sentence:
• My brother nev er speaks to me.
• She’s always late.
• D o you o fte n go to restaurants?
• 1 so m e tim e s c a t too much, (or S o m e tim e s I eat too much.)
• I don’t want to go to the cinema. I’ve alread y seen the film.
• I’ve got three sisters. T hey’re all married.
B
alw ay s/n ev er etc. go before the verb:
•
•
•
•
•
•
I alw ays go to work by car. (not 'I go always’)
Ann o fte n plays tennis. (not 'Ann plays often tennis’)
You s o m e tim e s lo o k unhappy.
They usually have dinner at 7 o ’clock.
Wc rarely (or seldom ) w a tc h television.
Richard is a good footballer. He also plays tennis and volleyba’
(not ‘H e plays also tennis’)
• I’ve got three sisters. They all live in London.
verb
always
g°
o fte n + play
never
feel
etc.
etc.
but alw ay s/n ev er el
•
•
•
•
•
•
am
always
is
are + o fte n
was
never
w ere
etc.
I a m n ev er ill. (not ‘I never am ill’)
They are usually at hom e in the evenings.
It is o fte n very cold here in winter.
W hen I was a child, I w as alw ays late for school.
‘W here’s Linda?’ ‘She’s still in bed.’
I’ve got two brothers. They’re b o th doctors.
alw ay s/n ev er etc. go between two verbs (have ... b e e n / c a n ... find etc.):
verb 1
will
can
do
etc.
have
has
t'erb 2
always
o fte n
n ev er
etc.
go
find
rem em b er
ctc.
gone
been
etc.
a lw a y s /n e v e r + present simple
[1 9 4 ]
b o th => |I|'|H:^ I
still => p m
•
•
•
•
•
•
I w ill always r e m e m b e r you.
It d o e s n ’t o fte n rain here.
D o you usually go to work by car?
I c a n n ev er find my keys.
H ave you ever b e e n to R om e?
A: W here’s Linda?
B: She’s ju s t g o n e out. (she’s = she has)
• A: W here are your friends?
B: T hey’ve all g o n e to the cinema.
ju st/a lre a d y + present perfect =
all
UNITS 79-80
U N IT
93
EXERCISES
93.1
Look at Paul’s answers to the questions and write sentences with often/never etc.
s
1
2
D o you ever play tennis?
D o you get up early?
Are vou ever late for work?
D o you ever get angry?
D o you ever go swimming?
Are you at hom e in the
evenings?
3
4
5
6
93.2
Write these sentences with the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
93.3
My brother speaks to me. (never) My broth er nev er sp eaks to tr>e .
Susan is polite, (always) Susan.....................................................................
I finish work at 5 o ’clock, (usually) I .......................................................
Jill has started a new job. (just) J i l l .............................................................
I go to bed before midnight, (rarely) .......................................................
The bus isn’t late, (usually) .........................................................................
I don’t eat fish, (often) ................................................................................
I will forget what you said, (never) ...........................................................
Have you lost your passport? (ever) ..........................................................
D o you work in the same place? (still) .....................................................
They stay in the same hotel, (always) .......................................................
Diane doesn’t work on Saturdays, (usually) .............................................
Is Tina here? (already) .................................................................................
W hat do you have for breakfast? (usually) ...............................................
I can remember his name, (never) .............................................................
Write sentences with also. Use the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
93.4
Pawl often plays te n n is .
He ...................................................................
He ...................................................................
Yes, often.
Yes, always.
No, never.
Sometimes.
Yes, often.
Yes, usually.
D o you play football? (tennis)
D o you speak Italian? (French)
Are you tired? (hungry)
Have you been to England? (Ireland)
Did you buy any clothes? (some books)
Yes,. a n d also play te n n is .
Yes, and I ...................................
Yes, and .....................................
Yes, .............................................
.....................................................
Write sentences with both and all.
K
I live in London.
I play football.
I’m a student.
I’ve got a car.
I’m married. I was born in England.
I live in N ew York.
I live in London.
I play football.
I’m a student.
I’ve got a car.
They both live in London.
T h e y ................................................. football.
................................................. students.
cars.
2 T h e y ............................................... married.
T h e y .............................................. England.
[195]
U N IT
still
yet
already
still
THE RAIN HASN’T STOPPED
An hour ago it was raining.
It is still raining now.
still = something is the same as before:
• I had a lot to eat but I’m still hungry. (= I was hungry before and I’m hungry now)
• ‘Did you sell your car?’ ‘No, I’ve still got it.’
• ‘Do you still live in Barcelona?’ ‘No, I live in M adrid now.’
B
Twenty minutes ago they were
waiting for Bill.
They are still waiting for Bill,
Bill h a s n ’t c o n ic yet.
yet = until now:
We use y et in negative sentences (He h a sn ’t come yet.) and in questions (Has h e come yet?).
Yet is usually at the end o f a sentence:
• A: W here’s Diane?
B: She isn’t here yet. (= she will be here but until now she hasn’t come)
• A: W hat are you doing this evening?
B: I d o n ’t know yet. (= I will know later but I don’t know at the moment)
• A: Are you ready to go yet?
B: N o t yet. Wait a m om ent. ( - I will be ready but I’m not ready at the moment)
• A; Have you finished w ith the newspaper yet?
j5 ': i V o , f in stiff reading it.
Compare yet and still:
• She hasn’t gone yet. = She’s still here. (not ‘She is yet here’)
• I haven’t finished eating yet. = I’m still eating.
alread y = earlier than expected:
• ‘W hat time is John arriving?’ ‘H e’s alread y here.’ (= earlier than we expected)
• ‘I’m going to tell you what happened.’ ‘T hat’s not necessary. I alread y know.’
• Ann doesn’t want to go to the cinema. She has alread y seen the film.
[ 196]
alre ad y /y e t + present perfect =
word order (still/already) :
U N IT
EXERCISES
94.1
94
You meet Lisa. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some questions with still.
LISA - T W O Y EA R S A G O
4[ I’ve got fit
* motor-bike.
1 ( I play th e pLano.)^
I Live in Clare |
5 f I go to th e
cinema, a. Lot.
Street.
3 Q ’m a. s tu dent~)
94.2
1 Do you s till pLay th e piano ?
2 D o you ........................................
3 Are ..............................................
4
5
6
6 (T w a n t to be a t e a c h e r .)
Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example carefully.
before
1
now
(before)
—>
f t #
(still)
(yet)
- -
(before)
—>
^vQ ^-for a.job. J
J S ^
< jjo h
(still)
(yet)
(before)
—>
w ^.e w
Theij a r e- s till waitin g ,
The- bus h a s n ’t come y e t.
He w a s.
H e .......
. yet.
She
(still)
(yet)
D IN N E l^
—>
D IN N ER
M J L
94.3
(before)
They
(still)
(yet)
Write questions with yet.
1 You and Sue are going out together. You are waiting for her to get ready. Perhaps she is
ready now. You ask her: . Are.yow. rea d y yet?
2 You are waiting for Ann to arrive. She wasn’t here ten minutes ago. Perhaps she is here now.
You ask somebody: ............................... A n n ......................................................................................
3 Mary did an exam and is waiting for the results. Perhaps she has her results now.
You ask her: ..................................you ..................................................................................................
4 A few days ago you spoke to Tom. H e wasn’t sure w here to go on holiday. Perhaps he has
decided now. You ask him : .................................................................................................................
94.4
Complete the sentences. Use already.
1
2
3
4
5
6
W hat time is John arriving?
Does Ann want to see the film?
1 must see Julia before she goes.
D o you need a pen?
Shall I pay the bill?
Shall I tell Paul about the meeting?
He’s ^ e a d y here.
No, she h<^
seen jt .
It’s too late. S h e .....................................................
N o thanks. 1.................................................. one.
No, it’s OK. I .......................................................
No, h e .................................................I told him.
[197]
U N IT
95
Give me that book!
give
len d
pass
send
Give it to me!
show
After these verbs (g iv e/len d etc.), there are two
possible structures:
(give) s o m e th in g to so m e b o d y :
• I gave th e keys to Liz.
(give) s o m e b o d y so m e th in g :
• I gave L iz th e keys.
(give) s o m e th in g to s o m e b o d y
T hat’s my book.
These are Sue’s keys. Can you
Can you
I
Did you
W e’ve seen these photos. You
Give
give
give
le n t
send
show ed
something
to somebody
it
them
these flowers
my car
a postcard
them
to
to
to
to
to
to
me.
her?
your m other?
a friend o f mine,
Kate?
us.
(give) so m e b o d y s o m e th in g
Tom
1
How much money did you
I
Linda
Can you
Give
gave
le n t
lend
sent
show ed
pass
somebody
something
me
his m other
John
him?
you
us
me
that book. It’s mine,
some flowers,
some money.
a postcard. Did you receive it?
her holiday photos,
the salt, please?
You can also say ‘b u y /g e t somebody som ething’:
• I b o u g h t my m other some flowers. (= I bought some flowers fo r my mother.)
• Can you g e t me a newspaper w hen you go out? (= get a newspaper fo r me)
D
Compare:
• I gave the keys to Liz.
I gave L iz the keys. (but not ‘I gave to Liz the keys.’)
• T hat’s my book. Can you give it to m e?
Can you give m e that book? (but n ot ‘give to me that book’)
Wc prefer the first structure (give som ething to somebody) w hen the thing is it or th em :
• 1 gave it to her. (not ‘I gave her it’)
• Here are the keys. Give th e m to y o u r fath er, (not ‘Give your father them ’)
[198]
it/h im /th e m etc. =>
UNIT
58
U N IT
95
EXERCISES
95.1
Mark had some
things that he
didn’t want. He
gave them to
different people.
Write sentences beginning He gave ....
1
2
3
4
5
W hat did Mark do with the armchair?
W hat did he do w ith the tennis racket?
W hat happened to the books?
W hat about the lamp?
W hat did he do with the pictures?
6 And the ladder?
96.2
He gave i t to his brother....
H e gave........................................................
He ............................................. ...................
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
........................................................................
You wanted to give presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures.
Write a sentence for each person.
JOANNA
I’AUL
R IC H A R D
1
I gave P aul a book.
2 I gave ...........................
3 I ...................................
95.3
KEVIN
RACHEL
4
5
6
Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? / Can you pass me ... ? etc.
1 (you want the salt)
2 (you need an umbrella)
3 (you want my address)
4 (you need ten pounds)
5 (you want some information)
6 (you want to see the letter)
7 (you want some stamps)
95.4
DIA N E
(pass)
(lend)
(give)
(lend)
(send)
(show)
(get)
Can you pass me th e s a lt?
Can y o u .......................................
C a n ....................................your
Which is right?
1 t-gave-te Liz th e keys:/ 1 gave Liz the keys.
I gave Liz the keys is right
2 I’ll lend to you some money if you want. / I’ll lend you some money if you want.
3 Did yon send the letter m e? / Did you send the letter to m e?
4 I want to buy for you a present. / I want to buy you a present.
5 Can you pass to me the sugar, please?/ Can you pass me the sugar, please?
6 This is A nn’s bag. Can you give it to her? / Can you give her it?
7 I showed to the policeman my identity card. / I showed the policeman my identity card.
[199]
U N IT
K
at 8 o’clock
kj
A
on Monday
8 o ’clock
at
in April
• I start work a t 8 o ’clock.
• T he shops close a t 5.30.
10.30
m idnight etc.
on
on
Sunday(s) / Monday(s) etc.
25 April / 6 June etc.
N ew Year’s Day etc.
• Goodbye! See you o n F riday.
• I don’t work o n Sundays.
• T he concert is o n 22 N o v e m b e r.
in
April/June etc.
1985/1750 etc.
sum m er/spring etc.
• I’m going on holiday in O c to b e r.
• Emma left school in 1993.
• The garden is lovely in sp ring.
/»Af>ftAAA>1
A P R IL ,
M lTl M m lFlS /S
-—
/ 2 3 -f
S (, 7 8 S 10 II
I*. 13 (4 15- It n ts
1 9 30 Z l 2 2 2 3 1 1 ,2 s
2C21 2t 2“» 3031
B
We say:
at
at
at
at
at
th e w eekend
n ig h t
C h ristm a s / a t E a ste r
th e e n d o f . . .
th e m o m e n t
•
•
•
•
•
Are you going away a t th e w eekend?
I can’t sleep a t n ig h t.
W here will you be a t C hristm as? (but o n Christmas Day)
I’m going on holiday a t th e e n d o f October.
Are you busy a t th e m o m e n t?
in th e m o rn in g / in th e a fte rn o o n / in th e e v en in g
• I always feel good in th e m o rn in g .
• D o you often go out in th e evening?
but
o n M onday m o rn in g / on Tuesday a fte rn o o n / on Friday evening / o n Saturday n ig h t etc.:
• I’m m eetingjill on M o n d a y m o rn in g .
• Are you doing anything o n S a tu rd a y evening?
We do not use a t / o n / i n before:
this ... (this m o rn in g / this w eek etc.)
last ... (last A u g u st / last w eek etc.)
n e x t ... (next M o n d ay / n e x t w eek etc.)
every ... (every day / every w eek etc.)
E
in five m in u te s / in a few days / in six w eeks / in tw o years etc.
now
[200]
• Are you going out this evening?
• T he garden was lovely last s u m m e r.
• I’m going on holiday n e x t M onday.
(not ‘on next M onday’)
in /a t/o n (places)
in five m in u te s
u n its
99-100
• Hurry! T he train leaves in five m in u te s.
(= it leaves five minutes from now)
• Goodbye! I’ll see you in a few days.
(— a few days from now)
U N IT
96
EXERCISES
-s 96.1
Write at/on/in.
on ... 6 June
... the evening
m
... half past two
........ ... Wednesday
........ .. 1987
........ ... September
\
2
3
4
5
6
96.2
8
9
10
11
12
... .......24 September
... .......Thursday
... .......11.45
... .......Christmas Day
... .......Christmas
... .......the m orning
13
14
15
16
17
18
... .......Friday m orning
... .......Saturday night
... .......night
... .......the end o f the day
... .......the weekend
... .......winter
Write at/on/in.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
96.3
7
1 1 1 often go aw ay.......... the weekend.
12 I’m starting my new j o b ........... 3July.
.... Friday.
Goodbye! See you
W here were y o u .......... 28 February?
! got u p .......... 8 o’clock this m orning.
1 like getting up early .......... the m orning.
My sister got m a rrie d .......... May.
Diane and I first m e t.......... 1979.
Did you go o u t .......... Tuesday?
Did you go o u t .......... Tuesday evening?
D o you often go o u t .......... the evening?
Let’s m e e t........... 7.30 tom orrow evening.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
We often go to the b each .......... summer.
George isn’t h e re .......... the m om ent.
Julia’s birthday is .......... January.
D o you w o rk .......... Saturdays?
T he company started .......... 1969.
I like to look at the stars.......... night.
I’ll send you the m o n e y .......... the end
o f the m onth.
Look at Lisa’s diary for next week and complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
Lisa is going to the cinema
She has to phone C h r is .....................................................
She isn’t doing anything special.......................................
She’s got a driving lesson ..................................................
She’s going to a p a rty .........................................................
6 She’s meeting S a m ..............................................................
%
96.4
Write sentences with in ....
1
2
3
4
96.5
It’s 17.25 now. The train leaves at 17.30.
It’s Monday today. I’ll phone you on Thursday.
Today is 14June. My exam is on 28 June.
It’s 3 o ’clock now. Tom will be here at 3.30.
The brain leaves
I’l l ......................................................... days.
M y ........................................................
Tom ......................................................
Write at/on/in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
I’m leaving ,.om...Friday.
I’m leaving .
next Friday, (no preposition)
I always feel tire d .......... the evening.
Will you be at h o m e .......... this evening?
We went to F ran ce.......... last summer.
6 Laura was b o r n .......... 1975.
1
2
3
4
5
7 W hat are you d o in g .......... the weekend?
8 I phone R o b e r t.......... every Sunday.
9 Shall we play te n n is.......... next Sunday?
10 I can’t go to the p a rty .......... Sunday.
11 I’m going out. I’ll be b a c k .......... an hour.
12 I don’t often go o u t .......... night.
[201]
from ...t o
until
since
for
fro m ... to
• We lived in Canada fro m 1982 to 1990.
• I work fro m Monday to Friday.
You can also say fro m ... u n til
• We lived in Canada fro m 1982 u n til 1990.
B
from Monday to Friday
Monday
Friday
u n til + the end o f a period
u n til F rid a y
u n til D e c e m b e r
u n til 3 o ’c lo c k
u n til 1 c o m e b ack
• They’re going away tomorrow. T hey’ll be away u n til F riday.
• 1 went to bed early but I wasn’t tired. I read a book u n til 3 o ’clock.
• Wait here u n til I c o m e back.
You can also say till (= until):
• W iit here till I come back.
Compare:
• ‘H o w lo n g will you be away?’ ‘U n til Monday.’
• ‘W h e n are you com ing back?’ ‘O n Monday.’
un^ Friday
Friday
since + a tim e in the past (to now)
since M onday
since 1968
since 2.30
since I a rriv e d
We use since after the present perfect (have b e e n / have d o n e etc.):
• John is in hospital. H e has been in hospital
since M onday. (= from Monday to now)
since Monday
• Mr and Mrs Kelly have been m arried since
1968. (from 1968 to now)
• It has been raining since I a rriv ed .
Monday
Compare:
• We lived in Canada fro m 1982 to 1990.
We lived in Canada u n til 1990.
• N ow we live in France. We came to France in 1990.
We have lived in France since 1990. (= from 1990 until now)
now
We use fo r (not since) + a period o f tim e (three days / te n years etc.):
• John has been in hospital fo r th re e days, (not ‘since three days’)
D
fo r + a period o f time
fo r th re e days
•
•
•
•
[202]
fo r te n y ears
fo r te n m in u te s
George stayed with us fo r th re e days.
I’m going away fo r a few w eeks.
I’m going away fo r th e w eekend.
They’ve been m arried fo r te n years.
present perfect -I- fo r/sin ce :
fo r a lo n g tim e
for three days
Monday
Tuesday
-
present perfect (I have lived) and past simple (I lived) :
Wednesday
U N IT
97
EXERCISES
97.1
Read the information about these people and complete the sentences. Use fro m ... to /u n til/s in c e .
ALICE
I live In England now.
I lived In C an ad a
before.
I came to England In
1990.
1
2
3
4
5
live In Switzerland
now.
lived In France
before.
worked In a Hotel
before.
came to Switzerland
In 1991.
s ta r te d work In th e
re s ta u ra n t in 1993.
(Alex / Canada / 1982 -1990)
(Alex / Canada / —> 1990)
(Alex / England / 1990 —>)
(Alice / France / —> 1991)
(Alice / Switzerland / 1991 —>)
(Carol / a hotel / 1990 -1993)
(Carol / a restaurant / 1993 —>)
(Gerry / a teacher / 1983 —1989)
(Gerry / a salesman / 1989 —>)
6
7
8
9
I work In a
re s ta u ra n t now.
I’m a salesm an now.
I was a teacHer
before.
I s ta r te d work a s a
salesm an In 1989.
Alex lived
in C a n a d a from 19&Z to 1990.
Alex lived in C anada............................ 1990.
Alex has lived in England ..................................
Alice lived in .......................................................
Alice has lived i n .................................................
Carol w o rk ed .................................. 1990 .........
Carol has w o rk e d ................................................
G erry was a ..........................................................
G errv has been ....................................................
Now write sentences with for.
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
97.2
(Alex / Canada)
(Alex / England)
(Alice / Switzerland)
(Carol / a hotel)
(Carol / restaurant)
(Gerry / a teacher)
(Gerry / a salesman)
Alex lived In G m ada..for ^ H t y e ^ s .
Alex has lived in E n g lan d .............................
Alice h a s..........................................................
Carol worked .................................................
Carol ................................................................
Gerry ...............................................................
G e r r y ...............................................................
Put in until/since/for.
1 Mr and Mrs Kelly have been m arried S'/nee
1968.
2 I was tired this m orning. I stayed in b e d ...................... 1 0 o ’clock.
3 We waited for S u e ...................... half an hour but she didn’t come.
4 ‘Have you just arrived?’ ‘No, I’ve been h e re ...................... half past seven.’
5 ‘H ow long did you stay at the party last night?’ ‘...................... midnight.’
6 David and I are good friends. We have known each o th e r ...................... ten years.
7 I’m tired. I’m going to lie d o w n ...................... a few minutes.
8 D on’t open the door o f the tra in ...................... the train stops.
9 This is my house. I’ve lived h e re ...................... I was seven years old.
10 Jack has gone away. H e ’ll be aw ay...................... Wednesday.
II Next week I’m going to Paris...................... three days.
12 I usually finish work at 5.30, but sometimes I w o rk ...................... six.
13 ‘How long have you known Ann?’ ‘...................... we were at school together.’
14 Where have you been? I’ve been waiting for y o u ...................... twenty minutes.
[203]
before
after
b efo re
during
while
d u r in g
b e fo re the film
a fte r
d u rin g the film
a fte r the film
• Everybody is nervous b e fo re exam s.
• I went to sleep d u rin g th e film .
• We were tired a fte r o u r visit to the museum.
a fter
w hile
before
w h ile we were playing
b efo re we played
a fte r we played
• D on’t forget to close the w indow b e fo re you go out.
• J often go to sleep w h ile I ’m w a tc h in g television.
• They went hom e a fte r th ey d id the shopping.
d u rin g , w hile and fo r
We use d u rin g + noun (during th e film ). We use w hile + verb (while I’m w atching):
• We didn’t speak d u rin g th e m eal.
but
• We didn’t speak w hile w e w ere e a tin g . (not ‘during we were eating’)
Use fo r (not ‘during’) + a period o f tim e (three days / tw o h o u rs / a year etc.):
• We played tennis fo r tw o h o u rs. (not ‘during two hours’)
• 1 lived in London fo r a year, (not ‘during a year’)
You can use b e fo r e /a f te r + -in g (before going / a fte r eating etc.):
• I always have breakfast b e fo re g oing to work. (= before I go to work)
• A fter doing the shopping, they went home. (= after they did)
D o not. say ‘before to go’, ‘after to do’ etc.:
• B efo re earing the apple, I washed it carefully. (not ‘before to eat’)
• I started work a fte r reading the newspaper. (not ‘after to read’)
past continuous (I was -ing)
b e fo re /a fte r/w h ile /w h e n =
imwmt
UNIT
110
ro r:
prepositions + - i n g ;
UNIT 105
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
before
after
during
while
+
the concert
the course
the end
the exam
lunch
the night
they went to Australia
you are waiting
1 Everybody was nervous .. b e fo r e th e .exam.....
2 I usually work four hours in the m orning, and another two h o u r s ..............................................
3 T he film was very boring. We le f t ......................................................................................................
4 Ann w ent to evening classes to learn German. She learnt a l o t .....................................................
5 M y aunt and uncle lived in L o n d o n ...................................................... .,...........................................
6 A: Somebody broke a w in d o w ............................................................... Did you hear anything?
B: No. I was asleep all the time.
7 Would you like to sit d o w n ............................................................................................................... ?
8 ‘Are you going h o m e ...........................................................?’ ‘No, w e’re going to a restaurant.’
Putin during/while/for.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
We didn’t speak while we Were eating.
We didn’t speak .^ £ * # 8.... the meal.
George p h o n e d ...................... you were out.
I stayed in R o m e ...................... five days.
Sally wrote a lot o f letters...................... she was on holiday.
The students looked very b o re d ...................... the lesson.
I fell out o f b e d ...................... I was asleep.
Yesterday evening I watched T V ...................... three hours.
I don’t usually watch T V ...................... the day.
D o you ever watch T V ...................... you are having dinner?
Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing etc.).
1 After A P W Q .... the shopping, they went home.
2 1 felt sick a fte r............................too m uch chocolate.
3 I’m going to ask you a question. Think carefully b e fo re ............................it.
4 I felt awful when I got up this morning. I felt better a fte r............................a shower.
5 A fter............................my work, I left the office and w ent home.
6 B efore............................to a foreign country it’s a good idea to learn a few words o f the
language.
Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing.
1 They did the shopping. Then they w ent home.
After doing th e shopping, they w ent home.
2 John left school. Then he worked in a bookshop for two years.
John w o rk ed ............................................................................................................................................
3 I read a few pages o f my book. T hen I went to sleep.
B e fo re ......................................................................................................................................................
4 We walked for three hours. We were very tired.
A fte r.........................................................................................................................................................
5 Let’s have a cup o f coffee. T hen w e’ll go out.
Let’s ..........................................................................................................................................................
U N IT
in
at
(places 1)
on
m
in
in
in
in
i
if ti
/
a room
a shop
a car
the water
in
in
in
in
a garden
a town
the city centre
France
‘W here’s David?’ In th e k itc h e n . / In th e g ard en . / In L o n d o n .’
W hat’s in th a t b o x / in th a t b a g / in th a t c u p b o a rd ?
Angela works in a sh o p / in a b a n k / in a fac to ry .
1 had a swim in th e riv er / in th e sea.
Milan is in th e n o r th o f Italy.
1 live in a to w n but I want to live in th e c o u n try .
B
a t the bus stop
a t the door
a t her desk
a t the traffic lights
• T here’s somebody a t th e bus sto p / a t th e d o o r.
• The car is waiting a t th e traffic lights.
• Julia is working a t h e r desk.
a t the top (of the page)
a t th e to p / a t th e b o tto m / a t th e e n d (o f...):
• W rite your name a t th e to p o f th e page.
• My house is a t th e e n d o f th e street.
on
on
on
on
on
•
•
•
•
a shelf
a plate
a balcony
the floor etc.
o n a wall
o n a door
o n the ceiling etc.
There are some books o n the s h e lf and some pictures o n th e wall.
There are a lot o f apples o n th o se trees.
D on’t sit o n th e grass. It’s wet.
There is a stamp o n th e envelope.
stcunp
also o n a h o rse / o n a b icy c le / o n a m o to r-b ik e :
• W ho is that m an o n th e m o to r-b ik e ?
1206]
in /a t/o n (places 2):
UNIT
100
th e to p / th e b o tto m
etc. =>
UNIT 69
a t / o n / in
(time) =>
UNIT
96
U N IT
99
EXERCISES
99.1
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on + the words in brackets (...).
(the kitchen)
(the box)
(the pool)
(the window)
1
2
3
4
5
Where is he? J n . f y e . k i t x t o m ......
W here are the shoes? ..................................
W here is the pen? .......................................
W here is the clock? ....................................
Where is the bus? ........................................
6 W here are the horses?.................................
99.2
\
7 W here are they standing?
8 W here is she swimming?
9
10
1I
12
W here
W here
W here
W here
is he standing? .....
is the spider? .......
is he sitting? ........
is she sitting? ......
Put in in/at/on.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
D on’t sit. on the grass. It’s wet.
W hat have you g o t.......... your bag?
Look! T here’s a m a n .......... the roof. W hat’s he doing?
There are a lot o f fish .......... this river.
O ur house is num ber 45 - the num ber i s .......... the door.
‘Is the cinema near here?’ ‘Yes, turn le f t.......... the traffic lights.’
1 usually do my shopping.......... the city centre.
My sister lives.......... Brussels.
T here’s a small p a rk .......... the top o f the hill.
I think I heard the doorbell. T here’s so m ebody.......... the door.
M unich is a large c ity .......... the south o f Germany.
There are a few shops.......... the end o f the street.
It’s difficult to carry a lot o f th in g s.......... a bicycle.
I looked at the list o f names. My name w as.......... the bottom o f the list.
There is a m irro r.......... the w all............the living room.
[207]
*IJ
in
at on
(places 2)
in bed
• ‘W here’s Kate?’
‘She’s in b ed.’
in hospital / in prison
• David’s father is ill. H e’s in h o sp ita l.
in a street
• I live in a small s tre e t near the station.
in the sky
• I like to look at the stars in th e sky at night.
in the world
• W hat’s the largest city in th e w orld?
in a newspaper / in a book
•
in a photograph / in a picture
• You look sad in th is p h o to g ra p h .
in a car / in a taxi
• Did you come here in y o u r car?
in the middle (o f...)
• T here’s a big tree in th e m id d le o f the garden.
a t home
• Will you be a t h o m e this evening?
a t work / a t school
• ‘W here’s Kate?’
at university / a t college
• H elen is studying law a t university.
a t the station / a t the airport
• Do you want me to m eet you a t th e station?
1
read about the accident in th e n ew sp ap er.
‘She’s a t w o rk .’
a t Jane’s (house) / a t my sisters (house) / a t the doctor’s / a t the hairdresser’s etc.
• ‘W here were you yesterday?’ ‘A t m y siste r’s.’
• I saw Tom a t th e d o c to r ’s.
a t a concert / a t a party / a t a football match etc.
• There w eren’t many people a t th e p a rty .
O ften it is possible to use in or a t for buildings (hotels, restaurants etc):
• We stayed a t a nice hotel, or We stayed in a nice hotel.
o n the first floor
on the way from A to B
o n a bus / o n a train / o n a plane / o n a ship
• Did you come here o n th e bus?
o n the ground floor / o n the first floor etc.
• T he office is o n th e first floor, (not ‘in the first floor’)
o n th e w ay (to ...) / o n th e w ay hom e
• I m et Ann o n th e w ay to work / o n th e w ay home.
[208]
i n / a t / o n (p la c e s 1) :
UNIT 99
t o / i n / a t =>
1UNIT 101
o n th e le f t/r ig h t =>
IUNIT 102
U N IT
100
EXERCISES
■1
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on + the words in brackets (...).
1
2
3
4
5
W here is she? .Jh.Hosf d a L .
W here are they? ........................................
Where is he? ..............................................
W here are they? ........................................
W here are the stars? ...................................
6 W here are they? ........................................
~j W here is Brian? ..............
8 W here is the restaurant?
9 W here is she? ..................
1 0 W here are they? .............
11 W here are they? .............
12 W here are they? .............
Put in in/at/on.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Helen is studying law .!*£.. university.
There was a big tab le .......... the middle o f the room.
W hat is the longest riv e r.......... the world?
Were there many p e o p le .......... the concert last night?
Will you b e .......... hom e tom orrow afternoon?
W ho is that m a n .......... this photograph? D o you know him?
W here are your children? Are th e y .......... school?
George is coining by train. I’m going to m eet him .......... the station.
Charlie i s .......... hospital. H e ’s going to have an operation tomorrow.
How many pages are th e re .......... this book?
‘Are you hungry after your journey?’
‘No, I had a m e a l.......... the train.’
I’m sorry I’m late. M y car broke d o w n .......... the way here.
‘Is Tom here?’ ‘No, he’s .......... his brother’s.’
D on’t believe everything you s e e .......... the newspaper!
I walked to work but I came h o m e .......... the bus.
[209]
U N IT
101
to
in
at
(places 3)
A
i n /a t (=> Units 99—100)
b e /s ta y /d o s o m e th in g (etc.) in ..
g o /c o m e /r e tu r n /w a lk (etc.) to ...
To L o d o n —
*-
• W e’re g o in g to L o n d o n next week.
• I want to go to Italy.
• We w alked from my house to th e city
c en tre.
• W hat time do you go to bed?
• Piccadilly Circus is in L o n d o n .
• My brother lives in Italy.
• T he m ain shops a re in th e city c e n tre.
• I like re a d in g in bed.
b e /s t a y /d o s o m e th in g (etc.) a t ...
•
•
•
•
B
T he bus is a t th e a irp o rt.
Ann w asn ’t a t w o rk yesterday.
I m e t h e r a t a party.
Ann stayed a t h e r b r o th e r ’s house.
The bus is g o in g to th e a irp o rt.
Sally didn’t go to w o rk yesterday.
I went: to a p a rty last night.
You must c o m e to o u r h o u se.
hom e
g o /c o m e /w a lk (ctc.) h o m e ( w ith o u t‘to '):
b e /s ta y /d o s o m e th in g (etc.) a t h o m e:
• I’m tired. I’m g o in g h o m e , (not ‘to hom e’) • I’m stay in g a t h o m e this evening.
• ‘W here’s Ann?’ ‘A t h o m e .’
• Did you w alk hom e?
a rriv e and g et
a rriv e in a country or town (arriv e in Italy / a rriv e in P aris etc.):
• They a rriv e d in E n g la n d last week, (not ‘arrived to England')
a rriv e a t other places (arrive a t th e s ta tio n / a rriv e a t w o rk etc.):
• W hat time did you a rriv e a t th e hotel? (not ‘arrive to the hotel’)
g e t to (a place):
• W hat time did you g et to th e hotel?
• W hat time did you g e t to Paris?
g e t h o m e / a rriv e h o m e (no preposition):
• I was tired when I g o t h o m e , or I was tired when I a rriv e d h o m e .
[ 210 ]
been to :
UNIT 17
g e t (to ...)--=> UNIT55
m / a t => UNITS 99-100
U N IT
101
EXERCISES
101.1
Write to or in.
1 I like reading m bed.
2 We Ye g o in g .......... Italy next month.
3 Sue is on holiday.......... Italy at the
m oment.
4 I must g o .......... the bank today.
101.2
5 I was tired, so I stayed.......... bed late.
6 W hat time do you usually g o .......... bed?
7 Does this bus g o .......... the centre?
8 Would you like to liv e .......... another
country?
Write to or at if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
Paula didn’t go .&> work yesterday.
I’m tired. I’m going
home, (no preposition)
A nn is not very well. She has g o n e .......... the doctor.
Would you like to c o m e .......... a party on Saturday?
‘Is L iz .......... hom e?’ ‘N o, she’s g o n e ............work.’
6 There were 20,000 p e o p le .......... the football match.
7 Why did you g o .......... hom e early last night?
8 A boy jum ped into the river and sw am .......... the other side.
9 There were a lot o f people w aitin g .......... the bus stop.
10 We had a good m ea l.......... a restaurant and then we w ent b a c k ............the hotel.
101.3
Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
J01.4
101.5
I’m not going out this afternoon. I’m staying
home.
We’re g o in g .......... a concert tom orrow evening.
I w e n t.......... N ew York last year.
H ow long did you stay.......... N ew York?
Next year we hope to g o .......... Canada to visit some friends.
Shall we g o .......... the cinema this evening?
Is there a restaurant.......... the station?
After the accident three people were ta k e n .......... hospital.
How often do you g o .......... the dentist?
‘Is Diane here?’ ‘No, she’s .......... A nn’s.’
My house i s .......... the end o f the street on the left.
I w e n t.......... M ary’s house but she wasn’t ............home.
There were no taxis, so we had to w a lk ............home.
‘W hat did you stu d y .......... university?’ ‘I didn’t g o ............ university.’
Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1 W hat time do you usually g e t .......... work?
2 W hat time do you usually g e t .......... home?
3 W hat time did you a rriv e .......... the party?
4 W hen did you a rriv e .......... London?
5 W hat time does the train g e t.......... Paris?
6 We arrived .......... hom e very late.
Complete these sentences about yourself. Use to/in/at.
At three o ’clock this m orning I was .J *1
....
Yesterday 1 w e n t ....................................................
At 11 o ’clock yesterday m orning I w a s .............
O ne day I’d like to g o ...........................................
I don’t like g o in g ...................................................
6 At 9 o ’clock yesterday evening I w as..................
1
2
3
4
5
[ 2 1 11
U N IT
102
A
under
behind
(prepositions)
opposite etc.
n e x t to (or beside) / b e tw e e n / in fro n t o f / b e h in d
A is n e x t to B. or A is b esid e B.
B is b e tw e en A and C.
D is in fro n t o f B.
E is b e h in d B.
also
A is o n th e left.
C is o n th e rig h t.
B is in th e m id d le (of the group).
o p p o site / in fro n t o f
A is sitting in fro n t o f B
A is sitting o p p o site C.
C is sitting o p p o s ite A.
by (= next to / beside)
• O ur house is by th e sea. (= beside the sea)
• W ho is that m an by th e w indow ?
• ‘Is there a public phone here?’ ‘Yes, by th e d o o r.’
by the window
• T he cat is u n d e r th e table.
• T he girl is standing u n d e r a tree.
• I’m wearing a jacket u n d e r m y c o a t.
u n d e r the table
u n d e r a tree
above and below
A is above th e line.
(= higher than the line)
i>
T he shelves are below
th e p ictu res.
B is b e lo w th e line.
(= lower than the line)
u p /o v e r /t h r o u g h e tc .:
UNIT
103
The pictures are above
th e shelves.
UNIT
104
102
EXERCISES
Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences.
Colin is standing
Frank.
Frank is sittin g ...................... Emma.
Emma is sittin g ...................... Barbara.
Em ma is sittin g ...................... D onna and Frank.
Donna is sittin g ...................... Emma.
Frank is sittin g ...................... Colin.
Alan is standing...................... Donna.
Alan is standing...................... left.
Barbara is standing...................... middle.
A = Alan
D = D onna
B = Barbara
E = Em ma
C = Colin
F = Frank
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences
1
2
3
4
5
T he cat is .
the table.
There is a big tre e ...................... the house.
T he plane is flying.....................the clouds.
She is standing...................... the piano.
T he cinema i s ...................... the right.
6 She’s sitting ...................... the phone.
7 T he switch i s ..........................the window.
8 T he cupboard i s ......................... the sink.
9 There are some shoes........................ the bed.
10 T he plant i s ........................the piano.
11 Paul is sitting ........................Fiona.
12 In Britain we d riv e ........................the left.
Write sentences about the picture. Use the words in brackets (...).
PAUI. S OFFICE
THEATRE
SUPERM ARKET
K*
ISOOK?;
SHO P '
DANK
\pOUNTAIN
___ —j-Jtr/r...-.,
.
1
2
3.
4
5
(neXt to)
(in front of)
(opposite)
(next to)(above)
6 (between)
1 }ie bfluik Is n ex t to th e bookshop.
T h e .......................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
U N IT
103
up
over
through etc. (prepositions)
• Jane is going to France next week.
• We walked fro m the hotel to the station.
• A lot o f English words come fro m Latin.
to
•
•
•
•
in to (in)
fro m
We jum ped in to the water.
A m an came o u t o f the house and got in to a car.
W hy are you looking o u t o f the window?
1 took the old batteries o u t o f the radio.
We say p u t something in ... (not usually ‘into’):
• I p u t the new batteries in the radio.
•
•
•
•
•
on
■ \
*sP\
D o n ’t put your feet o n the table.
Please take your feet o f f the table.
I’m going to hang some pictures o n the vail.
Be careful! D on’t fall o f f your bicycle.
We got o n the bus in Princes Street.
o ff
£ \
Is
• We walked u p the hill to the house.
• Be careful! D on’t fall d o w n the stairs.
1
dow n
over
• The plane flew over the mountains.
• I jum ped over the wall into the garden.
• Some people say it is unlucky to walk
u n d e r a ladder.
th ro u g h
•
•
•
•
•
A bird flew into the room th ro u g h a window.
The old road goes th ro u g h the village.
T he new road goes ro u n d the village.
T he bus stop is just r o u n d the corner.
I walked r o u n d the town and took some
photographs.
You can also use a ro u n d (= round):
• We walked a ro u n d the town.
• They walked p a s t me w ithout speaking.
• A: Excuse me, how do I get to the hospital?
B: Go along this road, p a st the cinema,
under the bridge and the hospital is on
the left.
p ast
get in /o n ctc.
ro u n d
th e to w n
• I was walking a lo n g the road with my dog.
• Let’s go for a walk a lo n g the river.
• T he dog swam across the river.
a lo n g
|214|
under
UNIT
55
in / o n =>
units
99-100
to => | UNIT 101
ciwewfl
fall o f f / ru n a w a y etc. => | UNIT 107
U N IT
103
EXERCISES
103.1
Somebody asks you the way to a place. You say
which way to go. Look at the pictures and write
sentences beginning G o....
103.2
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition.
1
2
3
4
5
103.3
The dog swam .
die river.
A book fe ll.................... die shelf.
A plane fle w .................... the village.
A woman g o t .................... the car.
A girl r a n .................... the road.
6 Suddenly a car c a m e ...................the corner.
7 They d ro v e.................... the village.
8 They g o t .................... the train.
9 T he M oon travels.................... the Earth.
10 They g o t ............the h o u s e .............a window.
Put in a preposition (over/from/into etc.).
1 I lo o k e d ................ the w indow and watched the people in the street.
2
3
4
5
My house is very near here. It’s j u s t ................ the corner.
Do you know how to put a film .................this camera?
H ow far is i t ................ h e r e .................. the airport?
We w alked................ the museum for an hour and saw a lot o f interesting things.
6 You can put your c o a t................ the back o f the chair.
7 In tennis, you have to hit the b a ll................ the net.
8 Silvia took a k e y ................ her bag and opened the door.
[215]
on at by with
(prepositions)
104
on
on
on
on
on
on
B
c
holiday
television
th e ra d io
th e p h o n e
fire
tim e (= not late)
•
•
•
•
•
about
Jane isn’t at work this week. She’s o n holiday.
We watched the news o n television.
We listened to the news o n th e rad io .
1 spoke to Carol o n th e p h o n e last night.
T he house is o n fire! Call the fire brigade.
‘Was the train late?’ ‘No, it was o n tim e .’
a t (the age of) 21 / a t 50 k ilo m e tre s an h o u r /' a t 100 d e g re e s etc.:
• Lisa got m arried a t 21. (or . . . a t th e age o f 21.)
• T he car was travelling a t 50 k ilo m e tre s an h o u r when the accident happened.
• Water boils a t 100 d eg rees Celsius.
by c a r / by bus / by p lan e (orby air) / by bike etc.:
• Do you like travelling by train?
.
• Jane usually goes to work by bike.
but on foot:
• She goes to work on foot. (— she walks)
a book by ... / a painting by ... / a piece o f music by ...
• Have you read any books by C h arles D ickens?
• W ho is that painting by? Picasso?
by after the passive (=> U nit 21):
• I was bitten by a dog.
D
w ith /w ith o u t:
• Did you stay at a hotel or w ith friends?
• Wait for me. Please don’t go w ith o u t m e.
• Do you like your coffee w ith or w ith o u t m ilk?
• 1 cut the paper w ith a p a ir o f scissors.
a man w ith a beard / a wom an w ith glasses etc.:
• D o you know that man w ith th e beard?
• I’d like to have a house w ith a b ig g ard en .
E
a man w ith
a beard
ta lk /s p e a k /th in k /h e a r/k n o w a b o u t ... :
• Some people talk a b o u t th e ir w o rk all the time.
• I don’t k n o w m uch a b o u t cars.
a b o o k / a q u e stio n / a p r o g ra m m e (etc.) a b o u t
Did you see th e p r o g ra m m e a b o u t c o m p u te rs on TV last night?
[216]
b y =>
units
21, 62,102
a t / o n =>
units
96,99-100
preposition + - in g => | u nit 105
a woman
w ith glasses
U N IT
104
EXERCISES
104.1
__
""104.2
Complete the sentences. Use on + one ofthese:
holiday
th e p h o n e
fche-radie
1
2
3
4
5
~\
“S.
"S
-
tim e
We listened to the news on th e r a d io .
Please don’t be late. Try to be h e re ....................................................
I w on’t be here next week. I’m g o in g ....................................................
‘Did you see Linda?’ ‘N o, but I talked to h e r ....................................................’
‘T here’s a film at 9 o ’clock.’
‘W hat’s .................................................... this evening?’
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with a preposition (at/by etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
.04.3
television
I cut the paper
a pair o f scissors.
She usually goes to w o rk .......... car.
W ho is the w o m a n .......... short hair?
They are talking.......... the weather.
T he car i s .......... fire.
6 She’s listening to some m u sic.......... Mozart.
7 The plane is flying.......... 600 miles an hour.
8 They’r e .......... holiday.
9 D o you know the m a n .......... sunglasses?
10 H e’s reading a b o o k .......... gram m ar............
Vera P. Bull.
Complete the sentences with a preposition (at/by/with etc.).
1 In tennis, you hit the b a ll.......... a racket.
2 It’s cold today. D on’t go o u t .......... a coat.
3 H am let, O thello and M acbeth are plays.......... William Shakespeare.
4 D o you know anything.......... computers?
5 My grandm other d ie d .......... the age o f 98.
6 H ow long does it take from N ew York to Los A ngeles.......... plane?
7 I didn’t go to the football match, but I watched i t .......... television.
8 My house is the o n e .......... the red door on the right.
9 These trains are very fast. They can travel.......... very high speeds.
10 I don’t use my car very often. I prefer to g o .......... bike.
1 1 Can you give me some inform ation .......... hotels in this town?
12 I was arrested.......... two policemen and taken to the police station.
13 The buses here are very good. T hey’re nearly always.......... time.
14 W hat would you like to d r in k .......... your meal?
15 We travelled from Paris to M o sco w .......... train.
16 O ne o f the most famous paintings in the world is the M ona L is a .......... Leonardo da Vinci.
[ 217 ]
U N IT
105
A
afraid o f...
good a t... etc.
preposition + -ing (good at -ing etc.)
a fraid o f . . . / g o o d a t ... etc. (iadjective + preposition)
afraid o f ...
• Are you a fra id o f dogs?
a n g ry w ith somebody
a n g ry a b o u t something
• W hy are you a n g ry w ith me? W hat have I done?
• Are you a n g ry a b o u t last night? (= som ething that
happened last night)
d iffe re n t fro m ...
• Ann is very d iffe re n t fro m her sister.
fed u p w ith ...
• I’m fed u p w ith my job. I want to do something
different. (= I’ve had enough o f my job)
full o f ...
• T he room was full o f p eo p le.
g o o d a t ... / b a d a t . . .
• Are you g o o d a t maths?
• Tina is very b a d a t w riting letters.
in te re ste d in . ..
• I ’m not in te re s te d in sport.
m a r r ie d to ...
• Sue is m a r r ie d to a dentist. (= her husband is a dentist)
n ic e /k in d o f somebody to ...
(be) n ic e /k in d to (somebody)
• It was k in d o f you to help us. T hank you very much.
• David is very friendly. H e’s always very n ice to me.
s o rry a b o u t (something)
s o rry fo r (doing something)
• I’m afraid I can’t help you. I ’m s o rry a b o u t that.
• I’m s o rry fo r not phoning you yesterday, (or I’m sorry
I didn’t phone you)
preposition + -in g
After a preposition ( a t/w ith /f o r etc.), a verb ends in -ing:
I’m not very good a t
Are you fed up w ith
I’m sorry fo r
Mark is thinking o f
Tom left w ith o u t
A fter
[218]
b e fo r e /a fte r -in g =>
telling
doing
not pho n in g
buying
saying
doing
stories.
the same thing every day?
you yesterday.
a new car.
goodbye. (= he didn’t say goodbye)
the shopping, they w ent home.
think a b o u t/o f =>
UNIT 1 0 6
105.1
105.2
105.3
105.4
(05.5
U N IT
105
EXERCISES
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (of/in etc.).
1 H e’s afraid ,.®f.... dogs.
2 She’s interested.......... science.
3 She’s m arried .......... a footballer.
4 She’s very g o o d .......... languages.
5 H e’s fed u p .......... the weather.
6 ‘Can I help you?’ ‘O h, that’s very kind
you.
Put in the right preposition (of/in/with etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m not interested vn... sport.
I’m not very g o o d ................ sport.
1 like Sarah. She’s always very k in d ................ me.
I’m so rry ................ your broken window. It was an accident.
H e’s very brave. He isn’t afraid................ anything.
It was very n ic e ................ Julia to let us stay in her flat.
Life today is very different................ life 50 years ago.
Are you interested................ politics?
Some people are afraid................ spiders.
Chris was a n g ry ................ what happened.
These boxes are very heavy. They are fu ll................ books.
I’m so rry ................ getting a n g ry ..................you yesterday.
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
I’m not very good, ^ t e l l i n g stories, (good / tell)
I wanted to go to the cinema but Paula wasn’t .................................................... (interested / go)
Sue isn’t v e ry .............................................. ...................... up in the morning, (good / get)
Let’s go! I’m ....................................................................... (fed up / wait)
I’m ................................................................... you up in the middle o f the night, (sorry / wake)
Complete the sentences. Use without -ing.
1
2
3
4
(Tom left / he didn’t say goodbye)
(Sue walked past me / she didn’t speak)
(Don’t do anything / ask me first)
(I went out / I didn’t lock the door)
Tom le ft..wi^owfc saying goodbye.
Sue w alked...........................................
D o n ’t .....................................................
1..........................................................
Write sentences about yourself. Use the words in brackets (...).
I (interested)
2 . (afraid)
3 (not very good)
4 (not interested)
5 (fed up)
l’m Interested m sport.
I’m ......
I’m not
[219 ]
listen to ...
look a t ... etc.
(verb + preposition)
ask (somebody) fo r ...
• A m an stopped me and asked m e fo r money.
b e lo n g to ...
• Does this book b e lo n g to you? (= Is this your book?)
h a p p e n to ...
e I can’t find my pen. W hat’s h a p p e n e d to it?
listen to ...
• L isten to this music. It’s beautiful.
s p e a k /ta lk to somebody a b o u t
something
• Did you talk to Paul a b o u t the problem?
• (on the phone) Can 1 speak to Chris, please?
th an k somebody fo r ...
• T h a n k you very much fo r your help.
th in k a b o u t ... or th in k o f . . .
• He never th in k s a b o u t (or o f ) other people.
• Mark is th in k in g o f (or a b o u t) buying a new car.
w ait fo r ...
• D o n ’t go yet. W ait fo r me.
w rite to somebody
but (tele)phone somebody (no
• I never get letters. N obody w rite s to me.
• I must p h o n e my parents. (not ‘phone to my parents’)
preposition)
lo o k a t / lo o k fo r / lo o k a fter
lo o k a t .
She’s lo o k in g a t her watch.
L o o k a t these flowers! T hey’re beautiful.
W hy are you lo o k in g a t me like that?
lo o k fo r ...
(= try to find)
H e ’s lost his key. H e’s lo o k in g fo r it.
Pm lo o k in g fo r Sarah. Have you seen her?
lo o k a fte r ...
(= take care of, keep safe)
W hen Barbara is at work, a friend o f hers lo o k s a fter
her children.
D o n ’t lose this book. L o o k a fte r it. (= Keep it safe.)
depend
We say d e p e n d o n
• A: D o you like eating in restaurants?
B: Sometimes. It d e p e n d s o n the restaurant, (not ‘it depends o f’)
You can say it d e p e n d s w h a t/w h e re /h o w (etc.) w ith or w ithout on:
• A: D o you want to come out with us?
B: It d e p e n d s w h e re you’re going, or It d e p e n d s o n w h e re ...
For word order (It depends where y o u ’re going.), see U nit 48.
w ait =>
UNIT
53
preposition + -in g =>
UNIT 105
U N IT
106
EXERCISES
106.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for etc.).
1 She’s looking
her watch.
2 H e’s listening.......... the radio.
3 They’re w aiting.......... a taxi.
106.2
Complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for/about etc.) if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
>
^06.3
4 Paul is talking .......... Jane.
5 T hey’re lo o k in g .......... a picture.
6 Sue is lo o k in g .......... Tom.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Thank you very much fP.T... your help.
This is not my umbrella. It belongs.......... a friend o f mine.
(on the phone) Can I speak.......... M r Davis, please?
(on the phone) Thank y o u .......... phoning. Goodbye.
W hat happened .......... M ary last night? Why didn’t she come to the party?
We’re th in k in g .......... going to Australia next year.
We asked the w aiter.......... coffee but he brought us tea.
‘D o you like reading books?’ ‘It depends.......... the book.’
John was talking but nobody was listening.......... w hat he was saying.
We w aited .......... Karen until 2 o ’clock but she didn’t come.
‘Are you w riting a letter?’ ‘Yes, I’m w ritin g .......... Diane.’
D o n ’t forget to p h o n e .......... your m other this evening.
H e’s alone all day. H e never talks.......... anybody.
‘H ow m uch does it cost to stay at this hotel?’ ‘It depends.......... the type o f room.’
Catherine is th in k in g .......... changing her job.
Complete these sentences. Use at/for/after.
1 I lo o k e d .......... the newspaper but I didn’t read it carefully.
2
3
4
5
W hen you are ill, you need somebody to lo o k .......... you.
Excuse me, I’m lo o k in g .......... Hill Street. Can you tell me where it is?
Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and lo o k .......... yourself.
I’m going to take a photograph o f you. Please l o o k .......... the camera and smile.
6 Barry is lo o k in g .......... a job. H e wants to w ork in a hotel.
<06.4
[221]
go in
fall off
(phrasal verbs 1)
U N IT
107
run away etc.
A phrasal verb is a verb ( g o /lo o k /b e etc.) + i n / o u t / u p / d o w n etc.
out
m
G O IN
• Ann opened the door o f the car and g o t
in. (= in to the car)
• I waited outside the house. I didn’t go in.
°n
• T he car stopped and a woman g o t o u t.
(= o u t o f the car)
• I w ent to the window and lo o k e d ou t.
wuLoq
O'
/
□1
■A,
FALL OFF
GET O N
• Be careful! D o n ’t fall off.
T he bus arrived and I g o t on.
up
I
do w n
A ^
4
I
1
ST A N D UP
=
r
jh )
• He s to o d u p and left the room.
• I usually g e t u p early. (= get out o f bed)
• We lo o k ed u p at the stars.
• Would you like to sit dow n?
• T he picture fell dow n.
• Lie d o w n on the floor.
aw ay or o f f
back
C O M E HACK
R U N AWAY
• The thief ra n away, (or . .. ran ofl)
• Ann got into the car and drove away.
( o r . . . drove off)
• We w ent out for dinner and then w e n t
b a c k to our hotel.
• Go away and don’t c o m e back!
b e /g o away (= in /to another place)
• Ann has g o n e aw ay for a few days.
b e back:
• Ann is away. She’ll b e b a c k on Monday.
over
ro u n d (or aro u n d )
CLIMB O V E R
• T he wall wasn’t very high, so we c lim b e d
over.
• T u rn over and look at the next page.
[222]
get
UNIT
55
o
• Somebody shouted my name, so I lo o k ed
ro u n d (oraro u n d ).
• We w ent for a long walk. After six miles we
tu rn e d ro u n d (or a ro u n d ) and went back.
put on / take o ff etc. (phrasal verbs 2) =>
UNIT
108
list of phrasal verbs =»
APPENDIX 6
U N IT
107
EXERCISES
07.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Lise the verbs in the list + in/out/up etc.
got
got
lo o k e d
lo o k e d
ro d e
sat
tu rn e d
w ent
1%
1 I went to the window and
5 1 said hello and he ................
6 T he bus stopped and s h e ....
7 There was a free seat, so she
8 A car stopped and two men
o u t.
2 T he door was open, so w e .......................
3 He heard a plane, so he ............................
4 She got on her hike a n d ............................
07.2
07.3
,
Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back etc.
1 ‘W hat happened to the picture on the wall?’
‘It fell d°w n .’
2 Please don’t g o ...................... ! Stay here with me.
3 She heard a noise behind her, so she lo o k e d .........................
4 I’m g o in g ...................... now to do some shopping. I’ll b e ........................at 5 o ’clock.
5 I’m feeling very tired. I’m going to l ie ...................... on the sofa.
6 W hen you have read this page, t u r n .......................and read the other side.
7 Jim is from Canada. He lives in London now but he wants to g o ...................... to Canada.
8 We haven’t got a key to the house, so we can’t g e t ........................
9 I was very tired this m orning. 1 couldn’t g e t .........................
10 Ann is going on holiday next m onth. She’s g o in g ...................... on the 5th and coming
...................... on the 24th.
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box + on/off/up etc. If necessary, put the verb into the correct
form. All these phrasal verbs (wake up etc.) are in Appendix 6 .
break
carry
fall
get
give
hold
slow
speak
take
wake
+
o n /o f f /u p /d o w n /o v e r
1 I went to sleep at 1 0 o ’clock and wpke up at eight o ’clock the next m orning.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
‘It’s time to go.’ ‘......................................................... a minute. I’m not ready yet.’
T he tra in ......................................................... and finally stopped.
I like flying but I’m always nervous w hen the p lan e...........................................................
How was your exam? H ow did y o u ......................................................... ?
It’s difficult to hear you. Can y o u ......................................................... a little?
This car isn’t very good. It h a s......................................................... many times.
W hen babies try to walk, they som etim es...........................................................
I told him to stop but h e ........................................................... Perhaps he didn’t hear me.
I tried to find a job but 1 ............................................................ It was impossible.
1223]
U N IT
108
A
put on your shoes
(phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put o n / tak e o f f etc.) has an object. For example:
verb
object
verb
object
p u t o n your coat
tak e o f f your shoes
You can say:
p u t o n your coat
or p u t your coat on
tak e o ff your shoes
or take your shoes o ff
but i t/th e m (pronouns) always go before o n / o f f etc.:
put it o n (not ‘put on it’)
take th e m o ff (not ‘take ofFthem ’)
• I’m going to tak e o ff my shoes.
{or tak e my shoes oil)
• Your shoes are dirty. Take th e m off.
• It was cold, so I p u t o n my coat,
(or I p u t my coat on)
• H ere’s your coat. P u t it on.
Some more phrasal verbs + object:
tu r n o n / tu rn o f f (lights, machines, taps etc.):
• It was dark, so I tu rn e d o n the light.
(or I tu rn e d the light on)
• I don’t want to watch this programme.
You can tu r n it off.
T U R N OFF
O FF
s w it c h
also sw itch on / sw itch o f f (lights, machines etc.):
•
1
sw itch ed o n the light and sw itc h e d o f f the television.
p ic k up / p u t dow n:
• Those are my keys on the floor. Can you
p ick th e m u p for me?
• I stopped reading and p u t my book d o w n,
(or p u t d o w n my book)
b r in g b a c k / tak e b a c k / give b a c k / p u t back:
• You can take my umbrella but please
b r in g it back.
• I to o k my new sweater b a c k to the
shop. 11 was too small for me.
• I’ve got D iane’s keys. I must give
th e m b a c k to her.
• I read the letter and then p u t it b a c k
in the envelope.
[224]
go in / fall o ff etc. (phrasal verbs 1):
UNIT
107
TA K E
more phrasal verbs + object =
APPENDIX
7
U N IT
108
EXERCISES
108.1
Look at the pictures. What did these people do?
W v /# </L
Srlk ^
4
4
1
1 He turnwl on the light. (OR turned ty el^ h t on)
2 S h e ....................................................................
3 H e .....................................................................
' 108.2
I turned on the radio.
He put on his jacket.
S h e ......................................
Put down your pens.
They gave back the money.
3
4
5
1 tu rn e d tHe radio on.
H e .........................................
She took her glasses off.
1 tu rn e d It on.
H e ...........................................
I turned the lights off.
(>
Complete the sentences. Use one of the verbs in the list + it/them.
b rin g
1
2
3
4
5
108.4
4 ^hc
5 H e .................
6 She ...............
You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
1
2
108.3
8
p ick
sw itch
take
ttren
(+ o n /o f f /u p /b a c k )
I wanted to watch something on television, so I
.....
1 bought a lamp but it doesn’t work. I’m going t o ..............................................to the shop.
There were some gloves 011 the floor, so I ...........................................and put them on the table.
W hen 1 finished working on the computer, I ................................................
Thank you for lending me these books. I w on’t forget t o ................................................
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. All these verbs are in Appendix 7.
your cigarette
a pair o f shoes
glass
or
me / it / them
in
out
up
down
on
over
away
round
1 They knocked
Houses down (OR down
Houses) w hen they built the new road.
2 That music is very loud. Can you turn . i^.down....?
3 1 k n o ck ed ..............................................and broke it.
4 If you want to know what a word means, you can lo o k .....................................in a dictionary.
5 1 want to keep these magazines. Please don’t th ro w ................................................
6 Somebody gave me a form and told m e to fill................................................
7 I trie d ..............................................in the shop but I didn’t buy them.
8 I visited the school. O ne o f the teachers show ed................................................
9 ‘D o you play the piano?’ ‘N o, I started to learn but I gave.............................. after a m onth.’
10 You’re not allowed to smoke here. Please p u t ................................................
[225]
U N IT
109
and
an d
but
but or so
or
so
because
b ecau se
We use these words (conjunctions) to jo in two sentences. They make one longer sentence
from two shorter sentences:
sentence A
B
sentence B
a n d /b u t /o r
sentence A
sentence B
We stayed at hom e
My sister is married
H e doesn’t like her
I bought a newspaper
It’s a nice house
D o you want to go out
and
an d
and
but
but
or
(we)* watched television.
(she)* lives in London.
she doesn’t like him.
I didn’t read it.
it hasn’t got a garden.
are you too tired?
* It is not necessary to repeat
‘w e’ and ‘she’.
Study these sentences. We use a n d between the last two things:
• i got hom e, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair a n d fell asleep.
71
‘
71
Z1
• Aiin is at work, Sue has gone shopping a n d Chris is playing football,
so (the result o f something)
sentence B
sentence A
It was very hot,
The water wasn’t clean,
They like films,
0
so
so
so
I opened the window,
we didn’t go swimming,
they often go to the cinema.
b ecau se (the reason for som ething)
sentence A
I opened the window
We didn’t go swimming
Lisa is hungry
sentence B
b e c au se
b ecau se
b ecau se
it was verv hot.
the water wasn’t clean.
she didn’t have breakfast.
B ecause is also possible at the beginning:
• B ecause th e w a te r w a sn ’t clean, we didn’t go swimming.
E
12 2 6 1
In these examples there is more than one conjunction:
• It was late a n d I was tired, so I went to bed.
• I always enjoy visiting London, b u t I w ouldn’t like to live there b e c au se it’s too big.
w h en /w h ile/b e fo re etc. =>
UNIT
110
U N IT
109
EXERCISES
09.1
Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/but/or.
I staved at home.
j-kemght-a newsp-tty>efT
1 went to the window.
I wanted to phone you.
1 jum ped into the river.
I usually drive to work.
D o you want me to come w ith you?
I didn’t have your number.
Shall I wait here?
1 didn’t read it.
I went by bus this m orning.
Twatehed television
I swam to the other side.
I looked out.
j I staged- (^ howp Mnd, watcheel..t ^ v ls io n ...
2 .!...bought cl.newspaper
...
3 1 ................................................................................................................
4
5
6
7
J9.2
109.3
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/but/so/because.
1 It was verv hot
50 h e opened, th e wmdow •
They didn’t play te n n is...................................................................
They went to the museum ............................................................
Bill wasn’t h u n g ry ,...........................................................................
Ann was la te ......................................................................................
6 Sue sa id ..............................................................................................
2
3
4
5
Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/but etc.
1 (and)
2 (because)
3 (but)
4 (and)
5 (so)
6 (because)
In the. evening I stsujed- a t home
s to d le A .
• went to bed- very
be^awse. j was tired..
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
[227]
U N IT
110
A
W hen.
W h e n I w e n t o u t, it was ra in in g .
This sentence has two jar ts:
part A
+
w hen I w ent out
part B
it w as ra in in g
You can begin with part A or part B:
^ | W h e n I w e n t o u t, it was raining,
t It w as ra in in g w hen I went out.
Wc write a comma (,) if part A (W hen ...) is before part B:
^ j W h en you’re tired, don’t drive.
I D o n ’t drive w h e n you’re tired.
I Ann was very happy w h e n she passed her exam.
( W h e n Ann passed her exam, she was very happy.
We do the same in sentences w ith b e fo re /w h ile /a fte r:
^ f Always look both ways b e fo re you cross the road.
( B efore you cross the road, always look both ways.
| W hile I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
I It began to rain w hile I was waiting for the bus.
| f He never played football again a fte r he broke his leg.
I A fter he broke his leg, he never played football again.
B
W h en I a m ... / W h e n I g o ... etc.
N ext week Jill is going to N ew York. She has a friend,
Barbara, who lives in N ew York but Barbara is also
going away - to Mexico. So they w on’t m eet in N ew
York.
Barbara w ill be in M exico w h e n Jill is in New York.
The time isfu tu r e (next w eek) but we say:
... w h e n Jill is in N ew York, (not ‘when Jill will be’)
BARBARA
We use the present (I a m / I go etc.) with a fu tu r e meaning after w hen:
• W h e n I g e t hom e this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
(not ‘W hen I will get hom e’)
• I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later w h e n I have m ore time.
Wc do
•
•
•
[228]
u n til:
the same after b e fo re /w h ile /a fte r/u n til:
Please close the w indow b e fo re you go out. (not ‘before you will go’)
Julia is going to live in our flat w h ile we are away, (not ‘while we will be’)
I’ll stay here u n til you c o m e back, (not ‘until you will come back’)
b e fo re /w h ile /a fte r => I
if and w h en :
UNIT
111
U N IT
110
EXERCISES
110.1
Make sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes.
T
run <• fllit
L nWvrrrmTC
I switched off the TV
I always go to the same place
there were no rooms
it was raining
there was no answer
I like to watch TV
I’m tired
I phoned her
I go on holiday
the programme ended
I arrived at the hotel
] W^.e*L.|.. .wwt.oufc,
3
..........................................................................................................................................
4 ...................................................................................................................................................................
T
........................... ................................................................................................................
6 ............................................................
110.2
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
somebody broke into the house
before they crossed the road
they went to live in N ew Zealand
before they came here
while they were away
w hen they heard the news
they didn’t believe me
They looked both ways ...before- they crossed, th e ro a/i,....
They were very surprised...................................................................................................................
After they got married, .......................................................................................................................
T he letter a rriv e d .................................................................................................................................
W here did they liv e.............................................................................................................................
6 W hile they were asleep, ......................................................................................................................
7 W hen I told them the n e w s,..............................................................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
110.3
Which is right? Choose the correct form.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
110.4
i-stay-/ I’ll stay here until you come / yeu-’-H-eem e back.
I’ll stay and you come are right.
I’m going to bed w hen I finish / I’ll Finish my work.
We must do something before it’s / it will be too late.
Julia is going away soon. I’m / I’ll be very sad w hen she leaves / she’ll leave.
D on’t go out yet. Wait until the rain stops / will stop.
We come / We’ll come and visit you w hen we’re / we’ll be in England again.
W hen 1 come / I’ll come to see you tomorrow, I bring / I’ll bring the photographs.
I’m going to Paris next week. I hope to see some friends o f m ine while I’m / I’ll be there.
‘D on’t forget to give me your address.’ ‘OK, I give / I’ll give it to you before 1 go / I’ll go.’
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
?
1 Can you close the window before
2 W hat are vou going to do w h e n ...................................................................
?
3 W hen I have more time, ...............................................................................
4 I’ll wait for you while ...................................................................................
5 W hen I start my new job, .............................................................................
6 Will you be here when....................................................................................
?
[229]
U N IT
111
If we go ...
If you see ... etc.
I f . . . , ... (if at the beginning)
I f we go by bus,
I f you don’t hurry,
I f you’re hungry,
I f the phone rings,
it will be cheaper.
you’ll miss the train.
have something to eat.
can you answer it, please?
i f ...
It will be' cheaper
You ’11 miss the train
I’m going to the concert
1 )o you m ind
(if in the middle)
i f we go by bus.
if you don’t hurry.
i f I can get a ticket.
i f I use your phone? (= Is it OK if I use it?)
In conversation, we often use the if-part o f the sentence alone:
• ‘Are you going to the concert?’ ‘Yes, i f I c a n g e t a tick et.’
I f you see A n n to m o r ro w ... etc.
After if, we use the present (not ‘will’). We say: i f you see ... (not ‘if you will see’):
• I f you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to phone me?
• I f I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me. (not ‘if I will be’)
• W hat shall we do i f it rains? (not‘if it will rain’)
• I f i d o n ’t feel well tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
i f and w h e n
I f I go out = it is possible that I will go out, but I’m not sure:
• A: Are you going out later?
• B: Perhaps. I f I go o u t. I’ll close the window.
W h en I go out = I’m going out (for sure):
• A: Are you going out later?
• B: Yes, I am. W h en I go o u t, I’ll close the window.
• W h en I get hom e this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
• I f f ’m late this evening, don’t wait for me. (not ‘W hen I’m late’)
• W e’re going to play tennis i f it doesn’t rain, (not ‘w hen it doesn’t rain’)
[230]
w h en => iin ia ilil
i f I h ad / i f w e w ent ... etc. =>
UNIT
112
U N IT
111
EXERCISES
<11.1
Make sentences beginning with if. Choose from the boxes.
you don’t hurry
you pass the exam
you fail the exam
you don’t want this magazine
you want those pictures
you’re busy now
you’re hungry
you need money
l
111.2
+
we can have lunch now
you can have them
I can lend you some
you’ll get a certificate
you -11 he-late
I’ll throw it away
we can talk later
you can do it again
if..you don’t
Which is right?
If I’m
late this evening, don’t wait for me.
I’m is right
Will you write to me if I give / I’ll give you my address?
If there is /will be a fire, the alarm will ring.
If 1 don’t see you tom orrow m orning, 1 phone / I’ll phone you in the evening.
I’m / I’ll be surprised if M artin and Julia get / will get married.
6 Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite vou?
1
2
3
4
5
111.3
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 I’m going to the concert if ...LS^...9—.
2 If you don’t hurry ...y®^..!^.**!*£?.
3 I don’t want to go swimming i f ............................................................................................................
4 If you go to bed early to n ig h t,..............................................................................................................
5 Turn the television off i f ........................................................................................................................
6 Tina w on’t pass her exams i f .................................................................................................................
7 If I have time tomorrow, .......................................................................................................................
8 We can go to the beach tom orrow i f ..................................................................................................
'1 1 .4
Putin if or when.
1 J f I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me.
2 I’m going to do some shopping now. ................ 1 come back, we can have lunch.
3 I’m thinking o f going to see T im ...................... I go, will you come with me?
4
you don’t want to go out tonight, we can stay at home.
5 D o you m in d ................ I close the window?
6 John is still at school......................he leaves school, he wants to go to university.
7 Shall we have a picnic to m o rro w ................ the weather is good?
8 We’re going to Madrid next week. We haven’t got anywhere to stay - we hope to find a hotel
................ we arrive. I don’t know what w e’ll d o ..................we don’t find anywhere.
[231]
U N IT
112
A
If I had ...
If we w e n t... etc.
Dan likes fast cars but he doesn’t have one.
He doesn’t have enough money.
I f he h ad the money, he w o u ld b u y a fast ca
Usually h a d is past, but in this sentence h a d i
not past. I f he h a d the money = if he had the
money now (but he doesn’t have it).
IF
I
you
it
they etc.
h a d /k n e w /liv e d /w e n t (etc.) ... ,
d id n ’t h a v e /k n o w /g o (etc.) . .. ,
w a s/w e re ... ,
c o u ld ... ,
I
you
it
they etc.
w o u ld (n ’t)
c o u ld (n ’t)
buy ...
be ...
have ...
go ... etc.
You can say:
• I f he h a d the money, he would buy a car. ( I f ... at the beginning)
or
He would buy a car i f h e h a d the money. (... i f ... in the middle)
I’d / sh e ’d / th e y ’d etc. — I w o u ld / she w o u ld / they w o u ld etc.:
• 1 don’t know the answer. I f I k n e w the answer, I’d tell you.
• Its raining , so w e’re not going out. We’d g e t wet i f we w e n t out.
• jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She w o u ld n ’t b e happy i f she lived in the country.
• I f you d id n ’t have a job, what w o u ld you do? (but you have a job)
• I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’d h elp you i f I c o u ld , (but I can't)
• I f we h a d a car, we c o u ld travel more, (but we h a ven ’t got a car, so we can’t travel much)
B
I f (I) w a s/w e re ...
You can say: i f (I/he/she/it) was or w ere ... :
• It’s cold. I f I w ere you, I’d p u t your coat on.
(or If I w as you ...)
• It’s not a very nice place. I w o u ld n ’t go there
i f I w as you. (or . .. if I w ere you)
• It. w o u ld b e nice if the weather w ere (or was) better.
Compare:
i f I have / i f it is etc.
i f I h ad / i f it was etc.
• I must go and see Ann.
• I must go and see Ann.
I f I have time, I w ill go today.
I f I h a d time, I w o u ld go today.
(= perhaps I’ll have time, so perhaps I’ll go)
(= I d o n ’t have time today so I will not go)
• I like that jacket.
I’ll b u y it i f it isn ’t too expensive.
(= perhaps it will not be too expensive)
• I like that jacket but it’s very expensive.
I’d buy it i f it w asn ’t so expensive.
(= it is expensive, so I’m not going to buy it)
• I’ll help you i f I can. (= perhaps I can help) • I’d h elp you i f I c o u ld but I can’t.
[232]
if w e go / i f I have / if I can etc.
=>
UNIT
111
U N IT
112
EXERCISES
12.1
Complete the sentences.
1 I don’t know the answer. If I
. the answer, I’d tell you.
f'
. a car.
I don’t want to go out. If I ..............................................to go out, I’d go.
We haven’t got a key. If w e ..............................................a key, we could get into the house.
I’m not hungry. I would have something to eat if I ..............................................hungry.
Sue enjoys her work. She w ouldn’t do it if s h e ..............................................it.
You can’t drive. If y o u ..............................................drive, I would lend you my car.
He speaks too fast. I could understand him better if h e ...........................................more slowly.
I have a lot to do today. If 1 ..............................................so m uch to do, we could go out.
2 I have a car. I couldn’t travel very m uch il I
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12.2
Put the verb in the correct form.
1
2
3
4
5
If
the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)
Jane likes living in a city. SHe woul^n t be. happy if she lived in the country, (she/not/be)
If I wanted to learn Italian,.........................................................to Italy. (I/go)
I haven’t told Ann what happened. She’d be angry i f .................... ........................ (she/know)
I f .........................................................a map, I could show you where I live, (we/have)
6 W hat would you do i f ......................................................... a lot o f money? (you/win)
7 It’s not a very good hotel........................................................there if I were you. (I/not/stay)
8 I f ..................................................... nearer London, we would go there more often, (we/live)
9 It’s a pity you have to go now. ............................................ nice if you had more time, (it/be)
10 I’m not going to take the job. I’d take it i f ..............................................better, (the salary/be)
1 1 I don’t know anything about cars. If the car broke down, .........................................................
what to do. (I/not/know )
12 If you could change one thing in the world, w h a t............................................ ? (you/change)
12.3
12.4
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form.
we (have) a bigger house
we (buy) a bigger house
we (have) some pictures on the wall
I (watch) it
every day (be) the same
the air (be) cleaner
it (be) a bit cheaper
I (be) bored
1
2
3
4
5
I’d buy that jacket if l...w w .a.b|.,,cli.efl>er,,
If there was a good film on TV to n ig h t,.......
This room would be nicer if ..........................
If there wasn’t so m uch traffic,........................
Life would be boring i f ...................................
6 If 1 had nothing to d o ,.....................................
7 We could invite all our friends to stay i f .......
8 If we had more money, ....................................
Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
1
2
3
4
5
I’d go to the dentist i f ....!..
If I could go anywhere in the world, ...........
I w ouldn’t be very happy i f ............................
I’d buy a house i f ..............................................
Ifl saw an accident in the street, ...................
6 The world would be a better place i f ...........
[233]
U N IT
113
B
a person who ... a thing that/which
(relative clauses 1)
w ho is for people (not tilings):
A thief is a p e rso n
Do you know a n y b o d y
The m an
T h e p e o p le
C
w ho
w ho
w ho
w ho
steals things,
can play the piano?
phoned
work in the office
didn’t give his name,
are very friendly.
th a t flies.
th a t is 500 years old.
th a t w ork in the office
are very friendly.
th a t is for tilings or people:
An aeroplane is a m a c h in e
Emma lives in a h o u se
T h e p e o p le
You can use th a t for people, but w h o is more usual,
w h ic h is for things (not people):
An aeroplane is a m a c h in e
Emma lives in a h o u se
w h ic h flies. (not ‘a machine w ho .. . ’)
w h ic h is 500 years old.
Do not use w h ic h for people:
• Do you rem ember th e w o m a n w h o was playing the piano at the party?
(not ‘the woman which ... ’)
[234|
w ho and w hich in questions :
UNITS 44,46
the people we m e t (relative clauses 2):
UNIT
114
U N IT
113
EXERCISES
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person w h o . . . . Use a dictionary if necessary.
l^f~
a f-[-\
11J1id.
a butcher
a musician
a patient
a dentist
a fool
a genius
a liar
doesn’t tell die truth
looks after your teeth
is very intelligent
plays a musical instrument
is ill in hospital
is very stupid
sells meat
1 A
Is a person who steals things .
2 A butcher is a person .............................................................................................................................
3 A m usician...............................................................................................................................................
4
5
.........................................................................................................................................
6
7
8
"^■2
Make one sentence from two.
1 (A man phoned. He didn’t give his name.)
The roan who phonecL djubnt give his naroe.
2 (A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)
The w o m a n ...................................................................................................................a yellow dress.
3 (Some students took the exam. Most o f them passed.)
Most o f the students...............................................................................................................................
4 (A policeman stopped our car. He wasn’t very friendly.)
T h e ...........................................................................................................................................................
^ •3
Putin who or which.
1 I met a woman ..who . can speak six languages.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
•3-4
W hat’s the name o f the w o m a n ...................... lives next door?
W hat’s the name o f the riv e r...................... flows through the town?
W here is the p ictu re ...................... was hanging on the wall?
D o you know anybody...................... wants to buy a car?
You always ask questions...................... are difficult to answer.
I have a frie n d ...................... is very good at repairing cars.
I think everybody...................... went to the party enjoyed it very much.
Why does he always wear clothes...................... are too small for him?
Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
1
2
3
4
5
A thief is a person ( which .steals things
An aeroplane is a machine that flies.
A coffee maker is a machine who makes coffee.
Have you seen the m oney that was on the table?
I don’t like people which never stop talking.
6 I know somebody that can help you.
7 I know somebody w ho works in that shop.
8 Correct the sentences w ho are wrong.
... <
k person who steals ...
ok .........
[235]
U N IT
114
the people we met the hotel you stayed at
(relative clauses 2)
T he man is carrying a bag.
It’s very heavy.
2 sentences
T h e b a g (that) he is c a rry in g is very heavy.
I----------------------/ sen ten ce ------------------------- 1
Ann took some photographs.
Have you seen them?
2 sentences
Have you seen th e p h o to g ra p h s (that) A n n took?
I----------j sentence —
---- 1
You can say:
• The bag th a t he is carrying ... or T he bag he is carrying ... (w ith or w ithout that)
• ... the photographs th a t Ann took? or . .. the photographs Ann took?
You do not need th a t/w h o /w h ic h w hen it is the object:
subject
The man
Ann
You
We
verb
object
was carrying
took
wanted
met
a bag
some photographs
the book
some people
—> th e
th e
—> th e
—> th e
b a g (that) th e m a n w as c a rry in g
p h o to g ra p h s (that) A n n to o k
b o o k (that) you w a n te d
p e o p le (who) w e m e t
• Did you find th e b o o k you w anted? (or ... the book th a t you wanted?)
• T h e p e o p le we m e t were very nice, (or T he people w h o we m et ...)
• E v e ry th in g I said was true, (or Everything th a t I said ...)
N ote that we say:
• T he film w e saw was very good, (not ‘T he film we saw it was . . . ’)
Sometimes there is a preposition ( to /in /a t etc.) after the verb:
Jill is ta lk in g to a man.
We stayed a t a hotel.
I to ld you a b o u t some books.
—> Do you know th e m a n Jill is ta lk in g to?
—> T h e h o te l w e stayed a t was near the station.
—> These are th e b o o k s I to ld you a b o u t.
N ote that we say:
... the books I to ld you a b o u t (not ‘the books I told you about them ')
You can say: (a place) w h e re
• T h e h o te l w h e re we stayed was near the station. (= T he hotel we stayed a t . . .)
You must use w h o /th a t/w h ic h when it is the subject (=> Unit 113):
• 1 m et a woman w h o can speak six languages, (w ho is the subject)
• Jim was wearing a hat th a t w as too big for him. (th at is the subject)
[236]
a person w ho ..., a th in g th a t/w h ic h ... (relative clauses 2)
=>
UNIT
113
U N IT
114
EXERCISES
Make one sentence from two.
1 (Ann took some photographs. Have you seen them?)
Have.you seen th e photographs A m took; ?
2 (You gave me a pen. I’ve lost it.)
I’ve lost t h e ...........................................................................
3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)
I like the ................................................................................
4 (I gave you some flowers. W here are they?)
W here are t h e ......................................................................
5 (He told us a story. 1 didn’t believe it.)
I........................................................................................
6 (You bought some oranges. How m uch were they?)
H o w .......................................................................................
Make one sentence from two.
1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
TTb.
...!..vs>
yer H
r...
2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)
7’h e ..................................................................................
3 (I’m wearing shoes. They aren’t very comfortable.)
T he sh o e s..............................................................................
4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.)
T h e ........................................................................................
Complete the sentences. Use the information in the box.
I looked at a map
I was sitting on a chair
you-stayeehrt-a-be tel
they live in a house
we were waiting for a bus
Linda is dancing with a man
you were looking for some keys
you spoke to some people
1 W hat’s the name o f th e hotel you stayed, o i ....?
2 W ho are the p e o p le ........................................................................................................ ?
3 Did you find t h e ........................................................................................................ ?
4 T h e ........................................................................................................ is too small for them.
5 T h e ........................................................................................................ wasn’t very clear.
6 I fell o ff..........................................................................................................
7
was very late.
8 W ho i s .................................................................................................
Bead the situations and complete the questions. Use... where
1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him:
Did you like th e ho<^ w h ^ e you s ^ e ^ ?
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her:
W hat’s the name o f the restaurant...................................
3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her:
Do you lik e ..........................................................................
4 Richard works in a factory. You ask him:
How b i g ...............................................................................
[2 3 7 |
Active and passive
Appendix 1
Present and past:
active
present
sim ple
past
simple
passive
We m ak e butter from milk.
Butter is m a d e from milk.
Somebody cleans these rooms every day.
These rooms are clean ed every day.
People never in v ite me to parties.
I a m never in v ited to parties.
How d o they m a k e butter?
How is butter m ade?
Somebody stole my car last week.
My car was sto le n last week.
Somebody stole my keys yesterday.
My keys w ere sto len yesterday.
They d id n ’t invite me to the party.
I w a sn ’t in v ited to the party.
W hen d id they b u ild these houses?
W hen w ere these houses built?
They arc b u ild in g a new airport at the
present
continuous m oment. (= it isn’t finished)
A new airport is b e in g b u ilt at the
m om ent.
They are b u ild in g some new houses
near the river.
Some new houses are b e in g b u ilt
near the river.
W hen 1 was here a few years ago, they
past
continuous w ere b u ild in g a new airport.
W hen I was here a few years ago, a
new airport w as b e in g built.
(= it wasn’t finished at that time)
present
Look! They have p a in te d the door.
Look! The door has b een p a in te d .
perfect
These shirts are clean. Somebody has
w ashed them .
These shirts are clean. They have
b e e n w ashed.
Somebody has sto len my car.
My car has b e e n stolen.
past perfect Ann said that somebody h a d sto len her
car.
1 -2
Ann said that her car h a d b een
sto len .
W i l l / c a n / m u s t / have to etc.
active
passive
Somebody will clean the office tomorrow.
Somebody must clean the office.
I think they’ll in v ite you to the party.
They can’t re p a ir my watch.
You should w ash this sweater by hand.
T he office will be c le a n e d tomorrow.
T h e office must be cleaned.
I think you’ll be in v ited to the party.
M y watch can’t be rep a ire d .
This sweater should b e w ash ed by hand.
They are going to b u ild a new airport.
Somebody has to w ash these clothes.
They had to take the injured man to hospital.
A new airport is going to b e built.
These clothes have to b e w ashed.
T he injured man had to be taken to hospital.
[239]
Appendix 2
List of irregular verbs
(=> U nit 24)
infinitive
past simple
past participle
infinitive
past simple
past participle
be
beat
become
begin
bite
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choosc
come
cost
cut
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
get
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
leave
lend
w a s /w e re
beat
becam e
began
b it
blew
b ro k e
b ro u g h t
b u ilt
bought
caught
cho se
cam e
cost
cut
d id
d re w
d ra n k
d ro v e
ate
fell
fe lt
fo u g h t
fo u n d
flew
fo rg o t
got
gave
w ent
grew'
hung
had
h e a rd
h id
h it
h eld
h u rt
kept
knew
left
le n t
been
b e a te n
becom e
begun
b itte n
b lo w n
b ro k e n
b ro u g h t
b u ilt
bought
caught
c h o se n
com e
c o st
cut
done
d ra w n
d ru n k
d riv e n
e a te n
fallen
felt
fo u g h t
fo u n d
flow n
f o rg o tte n
got
g iv en
gone
g ro w n
hung
had
h e a rd
h id d e n
h it
h eld
h u rt
kept
know n
left
le n t
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read /rhd/*'
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
shine
shoot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand
steal
swim
take
teach
tear
let
lay
lit
lo st
m ade
m eant
m et
p a id
put
re a d /red/*
ro d e
ra n g
rose
ra n
said
saw
sold
sen t
sh o n e
sh o t
sh o w ed
sh u t
sa n g
sat
slept
sp o k e
sp e n t
s to o d
stole
sw am
to o k
ta u g h t
to re
to ld
th o u g h t
th re w
u n d e rs to o d
w oke
w o re
w on
w ro te
let
lain
lit
lo st
m ade
m eant
m et
p a id
put
re a d /red/*
rid d e n
ru n g
risen
ru n
said
seen
sold
sen t
sh o n e
sh o t
sh o w n
sh u t
su n g
sat
slep t
sp o k en
sp e n t
sto o d
sto len
sw u m
tak en
ta u g h t
to rn
to ld
th o u g h t
th ro w n
u n d e rs to o d
w oken
w o rn
w on
w ritte n
ten
think
throw
understand
wake
wear
win
write
* pronunciation
T he following verbs can be regular (-ed) or irregular (-t):
infinitive
past simple / past participle
infinitive
past simple / past participle
burn
dream
b u rn e d or b u r n t
d re a m e d or d r e a m t
learn
smell
le a rn e d or le a rn t
sm elle d or sm e lt
Appendix 3
Irregular verbs in groups
p ast sim ple / past participle are the same:
cost
cut
hit
hurt
—> cost
-> cut
hit
-> hurt
lend —» lent
sent
send
spend —» spent
build —> built
bum —> burnt
learnt
learn
smell
smelt
feel
leave
meet
dream
mean
—>
—>
->
—»
let
put
shut
past sim ple / past participle are different:
-> let
—> put
-» shut
lose
shoot ->
get
-»
light ->
->
sit
lost
shot
got
lit
sat
keep —> kept
sleep -> slept
felt
left
m et
dream t /drem t/*
m eant /m ent/*
bring
brought /broit/*
buy —> bought /bo:t/*
fight —> fought /fo:t/*
think —■> thought / 0o:t/*
catch —» caught /ko:l/*
teach —> taught /to:t/'*
break
choose
speak
steal
wake
—> broke
-» chose
spoke
-> stole
—> woke
broken
chosen
spoken
stolen
woken
drive
ride
rise
wnte
-» drove
—> rode
—> rose
—» w rote
driven
ridden
risen
written
beat
bite
hide
—> beat
bit
—> hid
beaten
bitten
hidden
eat
fall
forget
give
see
take
—»
—>
—>
-»
—>
->
ate
fell
forgot
gave
saw
took
eaten
fallen
forgotten
given
seen
taken
blow
grow
know
throw
fly
—)
—>
—»
—>
—>
blew
grew
knew
threw
flew
blown
grown
known
throw n
flown
drew
drawn
draw
sell
tell
—» sold
—> told
find
have
hear
hold
read
say
—>
—>
->
—»
->
—>
found
had
heard
held
read /red/*
said /sed/*
show
-> showed
shown
begin
drink
swim
-» began
—> drank
-> swam
begun
drunk
swum
ring
sing
—> rang
—> sang
rung
sung
run
stand
—> stood
understand —» understood
* pronunciation
ran
run
come
—> cam e
com e
become —> becam e becom e
Short forms (he’s / I’d / don’t etc.)
Appendix 4
In spoken English we usually pronounce ‘I a m ’ as one word. The short form (I’m ) is a way o f
w riting this:
I am
it is
th ey have
• I’m feeling tired this morning.
• ‘D o you like this jacket?’ ‘Yes, it’s very nice.’
• ‘W here are your friends?’ ‘They’ve gone home.’
-> I ’m
i t ’s
—> th e y ’ve
etc.
W hen we write short forms, we use ’ (an apostrophe):
1 )(m —> I’m
he fs —> he’s
you }^ve —> you’ve
4.2
she \^ill —> she’ll
We usc these forms with I /h e /s h e etc.:
am
’m
is
’s
are —> ’re
’ve
have
has
’s
had —> ’d
will —> ’11
’d
would
I ’m
h e ’s
sh e ’s
it’s
I ’ve
I ’d
I’ll
I ’d
h e ’s
h e ’d
h e ’ll
h e ’d
sh e ’s
sh e ’d
sh e ’ll
sh e ’d
w e ’re
w e’ve
y o u ’re
y o u ’ve
th e y ’re
th e y ’ve
w e’d
w e’ll
w e’d
y o u ’d
y o u ’ll
y o u ’d
th e y ’d
th e y ’ll
th e y ’d
it’s
• I’ve got some new shoes.
• We’ll probably go out this evening.
• It’s 10 o ’clock. You’re late again.
’s = is or has:
• She’s going out this evening, (she’s going = she is going)
• She’s gone out. (she’s gone = she has gone)
’d = w o u ld or had:
• A: W hat would you like to eat?
B: I’d like a salad, please. (I’d like = I w o u ld like)
• 1 told the police that I’d lost my passport. (I’d lost = I h a d lost)
D o not use ’m / ’s / ’d etc. at the end o f a sentence (=> U nit 39):
• ‘Are you tired?’ ‘Yes, I a m .’ (not ‘Yes, I’m.’)
4-3
[242]
We use short forms w ith I /y o u /h e /s h e etc. but you can use short forms (especially’s) with
other words too:
• W h o ’s your favourite singer? (= w ho is)
• W h a t’s the time? (= what is)
• T h e r e ’s a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
• M y siste r’s working in London. (= my sister is working)
• P a u l’s gone out. (= Paul has gone out)
• W h a t c o lo u r ’s your car? (= W hat colour is your car?)
N egative short form s (=> U n it 42):
isn ’t
a re n ’t
w asn ’t
w e re n ’t
h a sn ’t
h av en ’t
h a d n ’t
•
•
•
•
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
is not)
are not)
was not)
were not)
has not)
have not)
(— had not)
d o n ’t
d o e s n ’t
d id n ’t
(= do not)
(= does not)
(= did not)
c a n ’t
c o u ld n ’t
w o n ’t
w o u ld n ’t
s h o u ld n ’t
m u s tn ’t
n e e d n ’t
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
cannot)
could not)
will not)
w ould not)
should not)
m ust not)
need not)
We w ent to h er house bu t she w a s n ’t at hom e.
‘W h ere’s David?’ ‘I d o n ’t know. I h a v e n ’t seen him .’
You w ork all the time. You s h o u ld n ’t w ork so hard.
I w o n ’t be here tom orrow . (= I will not)
’s (apostrophe + s)
’s can m ean different things:
(1) ’s = is or h a s (=> section 4.2 of this appendix)
(2) le t’s = let us (=» U nit 52)
• T h e w eather is nice. L e t’s go out. (= Let us go out.)
(3) A n n ’s camera (= her camera) / my b ro th er’s car (= his car) / the m anager’s office
(= h is/h e r office) etc. (=> U n it 63)
C om pare:
• A n n ’s camera was very expensive. (A n n ’s cam era = h e r camera)
• A n n ’s a very good photographer. (A n n ’s = A nn is)
• A n n ’s got a new camera. (A nn’s go t = A nn h a s got)
Spelling
Appendix 5
5.1
Words + -s and -es (birds/watches etc.)
noun + s (plural) (=> U nit 65)
bird —> birds
mistake —» mistakes
verb + s (he/slie/it -s) (=> U nit 5)
think —> thinks
live —» lives
hotel —> hotels
rem em ber —> remembers
but
+ es after -s / -sh / -c h / -x:
pass —» passes
bus —>buses
dish —> dishes
wash —> washes
w atch —> watches
teach —> teaches
box —> boxes
address —> addresses
finish —> finishes
sandwich —> sandwiches
also
potato —> potatoes
do —» does
- f / -fe —> -ves:
shelf —> shelves
5.2
tom ato —> tom atoes
go —> goes
knife —» knives
/>i(f ro o f —» roofs
Words ending in -y (baby —> babies / study —» studied etc.)
-y —> -ies:
study —> studies (»of ‘studys’)
story —> stories
city —> cities
try —> tries
m arry —> m arries
family —> families (nof ‘familys’)
baby —> babies
fly —> flies
-y —> -ie d (=> U nit 11):
study —> studied (not ‘studyed’)
try —» tried
m arry —» m arried
copy —> copied
-y —» -ie r /- ie s t (=> Units 86 and 89):
easy —> easier/easiest (not ‘easyer/easyest’)
happy —> happier/happiest
heavy —> heavier/heaviest
lucky —> lu ckier/luckiest
funny —» fu n n ier/fu n n iest
-y -> -ily (=> Unit: 85):
easy —> easily («of ‘easyly’)
happy —> happily
lucky —» luckily
heavy —> heavily
y does not change to i if the ending is -a y /- e y /-o y /-u y :
holiday —> holidays (not ‘holidaies’)
enjoy —» enjoys/enjoyed
stay —> stays/stayed
but
say —» said
[244]
p ay —> p a id
(irregular verbs)
buy —>buys
key —> keys
5.3
-ing
Verbs that end in -e (m ake/w rite/drive etc.) —> -^ing:
make —> m aking
w rite —» w ritin g
com e —> com ing
Verbs that end in -ie —> -ying:
lie —» lying
die —> d y in g
5.4
dance —> dancing
tie —> tying
stop —> stopped, big —>bigger etc.
Vowels and consonants:
Vowel letters:
Consonant letters:
a
b
e
c
i o
d f
u
g k
l
m
n
p
r
s
t
w
y
Sometimes a word ends in a vowel + a consonant. For example: stop, big, get.
Before -in g /-e d /-e r/-e st, the consonant at the end ( -p /-g /- t etc.) is ‘doubled’ (-p p -/-g g -/-tt- etc.).
For example:
stop
run
get
swim
big
hot
thin
V +C
ST O P
RU N
GE T
SW I M
BI G
H O T
TH I N
P
n
t
m
g
t
n
—> PP
—> n n
—> tt
—» m m
—» g g
tt
nn
stopping
running
getting
sw im m ing
bigger
h o tter
thinner
stopped
V = vowel
C = consonant
biggest
hottest
thinnest
This does not happen
(1) if the word ends in two consonant letters (C + C):
help
work
fast
C+C
HE L P
WO R K
FA S T
helping
w orking
faster
helped
w orked
fastest
(2) if the word ends in two vowel letters + a consonant letter (V + V + C):
need
wait
cheap
v+v+c
N E E D
W A I T
CH E A P
needing
waiting
cheaper
needed
waited
cheapest
(3) in longer words (two syllables or more) if the last part o f the w ord is not stressed:
stress
happen
visit
remem ber
but
prefer
begin
H A P pen
V IS it
re-M EM - ber
p re-F E R
b e-G IN
—» happening/happened (not ‘happenned’)
-» visiting/visited
—> rem em bering/ rem em bered
(stress at the end)
(stress at the end)
—> preferring/preferred
—> beginning
(4) if the word ends in -y or -w . (At the end o f words, y and w arc not consonants.)
enjoy —» enjoying/enjoyed
snow /snow ing/snow ed
few /few er/few est
[245]
Appendix 6
Phrasal verbs (look out / take off etc.)
This is a list o f som e im portant phrasal verbs (=> U n it 107).
out
look o u t / w atch o u t = be careful:
• L ook out! There’s a car coming!
c o m e on = be quick / hurry:
• C om e on! Everybody is waiting for you.
(Hold on a, minute.)
hold on = wait:
• Can you hold on a minute? (= can you wait?)
carry on = continue:
• D on’t stop working. C arry on. (= continue working)
• A: Excuse me, where is the station, please?
B: C arry on along this road and turn right at the lights. (= Continue along ...)
also go on / walk on / drive on etc. = continue going etc.:
• Don’t stop here. D rive on.
get on = manage (in a job, at school, in an exam etc.):
• How are you g ettin g on in your new job? (= arc you doing OK?)
o ff
take o ff = leave the ground (for planes):
• The plane to o k o ff 20 minutes late
but landed on time.
up
w ake up = stop sleeping:
• 1 often w ake up in the middle o f the night
WAKE UP
speak up = speak more loudly:
• 1 can’t hear you. Can you speak up a bit?
h u rry up = do something more quickly:
• H u rry up! W e haven’t got much time.
w ash up = wash the plates etc. after a meal:
• Do you want me to wash up?
(or ... to do the washing-up?)
grow up = become an adult:
• What docs your son want to do when he grow s up?
give up = stop trying:
• I know it’s difficult but don’t give up. (= don’t stop trying)
d ow n
slow dow n = go more slowly:
• You’re driving too fast. Slow dow n.
1
I RF. AK D O W N
b reak dow n = stop working (for airs /machines etc.):
• .Sue was very late because her car broke dow n.
o v er
[246]
fall over = lose your balance:
• 1 fell over because my shoes were too big for me.
FALL O V E R
Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object
in a form / put out a fire etc.)
This is a list o f som e im portant phrasal verbs + object (=> U n it 108).
in
out
fill in (a form) = complete (a form):
• Can you fill in this form , please?
p u t o u t (a fire / a cigarette):
• The fire brigade arrived and p u t the fire out.
Ilf PILL IN
i p
-
PUT O U T
cross o u t (a mistake / a word etc.):
• If you make a mistake, cross it out.
/
CROSS O U T
on
try on (clothes) = put on clothes to see if they fit you:
• (in (i shop) This is a nice jacket. Shall I try it on?
up
give up = stop something that you do:
• Tom gave up sm oking five years ago. (= lie stopped smoking)
• ‘Are you still learning Italian?’ ‘No, I gave it u p .’
ring up = (tele)phone:
• Sue ra n g m e up last night. (also ‘Sue ran g m e last night.’ without ‘up’)
look u p (a word in a dictionary etc.):
• I didn’t know the meaning o f the word, so 1 looked it up in a dictionary.
tu rn up = make louder (TV, radio, music etc.)
• Can you tu rn the radio up? I can’t hear it.
d ow n
knock dow n (a building) = demolish:
• They are going to knock do w n the school
and build a new one.
KNOCK
N
tu rn d ow n = make more quiet (TV, radio, music etc.):
• The music is too loud. Can you tu rn it down?
away
th ro w aw ay (rubbish, things you don’t want):
• These apples are bad. Shall I th ro w th em away?
• D on’t th ro w aw ay that picture. I want it.
p u t aw ay = put something in the place where you usually keep it:
• After they finished playing, the children p u t their toys away.
back
pay somebody back (money that you borrowed):
• Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back next week.
over
k n o ck over (a cup / a glass / a person etc.):
• Be careful. D on’t knock y o u r cup over.
• 'There was an accident at the end o f the
road. A man was knocked over by a car.
(or A man was knocked dow n by a car.)
round/ show (somebody) ro u n d /a ro u n d = take somebody on a tour o f a place:
around
• W e visited a factory last week. The manager show ed us round.
K N O C K O V E R or
KNOCK DOWN
Additional exercises
List o f exercises:
1-2
3
4
5 -7
8 -9
10
-
3
14
15
16-18
19-22
23
2 4 -2 7
28
29
30
3 1 -3 2
33
a m /is /a re
present continuous
present simple
present simple, a m / i s / a r e and h a v e (got)
present continuous and present simple
w a s /w e re and past sim ple
past simple and past continuous
present and past
present perfect
present perfect and past simple
present, past and present perfect
passive
future
past, present and future
-in g and infinitive
a and th e
prepositions
UNITS 1-2
UNITS 3-4
UNITS
5-7
units
1-2, 5-7, 9
UNITS 3-8
UNITS
10-12
UNITS 1 1 -1 4
UNITS 3-14
UNITS 1 5 - 1 9
UNITS
18-20
UNITS 3-20
UNITS
21-22
UNITS
26-29
UNITS 3-20,
26-29
units
50-54, 98,105
units
64, 68-72
M f l l U U 'U
am/is/are
UNITS 1 - 2
Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + is/isn’t/are/aren’t.
ANN
J
f
V
No, fchcwk
you.
The-w-mdows
A nn
/VI1II
Kate
T h e children
Bill
T h e books
T h e hotel
T h e bus
on the table
h u n g ry
asleep
open
full
near the station
a doctor
frappy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
‘Are you h u n g ry?’ ‘N o, but J.S?.....thirsty.’
<AJ'e ...your parents?’ ‘T h ey ’re very well.’
‘Is Linda at hom e?’ ‘N o , .................................................at w ork.’
‘................................................ m y keys?’ ‘In the kitchen.’
W here is Pete from? .................................................A m erican o r British?
h o t today. T h e tem perature is 35 degrees.
‘Are you a teacher?’ ‘N o , .................................................a student.’
‘................................................ your um brella?’ ‘G reen.’
W here’s your car? .................................................in the car park?
‘................................................ tired?’ ‘N o, I’m fine.’
‘................................................ these oranges?’ ‘T h irty pence each.’
present continuous (I’m working / are you working? etc.)
UNITS
3-4
UNITS
5-7
Use the words in brackets to write sentences.
1 A:
B:
2 A:
B:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
W here are your parents?
I b ^ ’re w ^ ^ a . T y , ........ (th ey /w atch /T V )
Paula is going out.
W h^e’s s h e gqmg?............ (w here/she/go?)
W h e re ’s David?
...................................................................................... (h e/h av e/a bath)
.....................................................................................? (the children/play?)
N o, they’re asleep.
.....................................................................................? (it/rain?)
N o, n o t at the m om ent.
W here are Sue and Steve?
.................................................................................... (th ey /co m e/n o w )
.................................................................................... ? (w h y/y ou/stan d/h ere?)
.................................................................................... (I/w a it/fo r som ebody)
present simple (I work / she doesn’t work / do you work? etc.)
Complete the sentences. Use the present simple.
1 . . . . . ^ e « ^ ^ s -an w e5.....at w ork early. (Sue/alw ays/arrive)
2 We <Lon t waicJi...... T V very often, (w e /n o t/w a tch )
3 H o w often
... .. your hair? (you/w ash)
4 I w ant to go to the cinem a b u t ................................................................. to go. (C h ris/n o t/w an t)
5
to go o u t this evening? (you/w ant)
6
near here? (Ann/live)
7
a lot o f people. (Sarah/know )
8 I enjoy travelling b u t ......................................................................... very m uch. (1/n o t/trav el)
9 W h at tim e ......................................................................... in the m orning? (yo u/usually/get up)
10 M y parents are usually at ho m e in the evening...............................................................................
very often, (th e y /n o t/g o out)
11
w ork at five o ’clock. (Tim /alw ays/finish)
12 A: W h a t......................................................................... ? (Jill/do)
B: ......................................................................... in a hotel, (she/w ork)
[249]
present simple, am/is/are and have (got)
units 1-2,
5-7, 9
Read the questions and Claire’s answers. Then write sentences about Claire.
_ A \_________________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
Are you m arried?
D o you live in London?
Are you a student?
Have you got a car?
D o you go ou t a lot?
Have you got a Jot o f friends?
D o you like London?
D o you like dancing?
Are you interested in sport?
No.
Yes.
Yes.
N o.
Yes.
Yes.
N o.
Yes.
[N o. )
Complete the questions.
WHai’s your naroe ?
.................. m arried?
W here
........... any children?
H o w ...
Brian.
Yes, I am.
In Barton R o ad .
Yes, a daughter.
S he’s three.
?
?
............................................................. y o u rjo b ?
.....................................................................a car?
..................................................to w ork by car?
I’m 29.
I w ork in a superm arket.
N o, I hate it.
Yes, I have.
N o, I usually go by bus.
W h o is this man?
..in London?
7
Make sentences from these words.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1250]
Sarah often / tennis
I / a new car
my shoes / dirty
Sonia / 32 years old
I / two sisters
we often / T V in the evening
A nn never / a hat
a bicycle / tw o wheels
these flowers / beautiful
M ary / G erm an very well
Sarah often plays ten n is.
l y e got a. new c a r .
My shoes ore. d irty .
S o n ia ....................................
T h a t’s my brother.
M ichael.
H e ’s a travel agent.
N o, in M anchester.
present continuous (I’m working) and present simple (I work)
8
units
3-8
Complete the sentences.
Please be quiet,
’m workmg , (I/Worl
Y.Po jjptA often go \
(y o u /o ften /g o ) to
v the cinem a? J
.....................(I/ g o )
now. Goodbye!
................................ (it/rain)
C an I take this umbrella?
~\
(I/not/w atch) TV very much,
9
Excuse me.
...(w e/look) for
m useum .
.
W h a t’s this word? H ow
/o u /p ro n o u n ce ) it?
Which is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1I
12
‘Ap^vett-speajdi-tg-/ D o you speak English?’ ‘Yes, a little.’
D o you speak is right
Som etim es w e’re going / we go away at weekends.
It’s a nice day today. T h e sun is shining / shines.
(You meet A n n in the street.) Hello, Ann. W here are you going / do you go?
H o w often are you going / do you go on holiday?
Emily is a w riter. S he’s w ritin g / She w rites books for children.
I’m never reading / I never read newspapers.
‘W here are M ichael and Jane?’ ‘T h ey ’re w atching / T hey w atch T V in the living room .’
H elen is in h er office. S he’s talking / She talks to som ebody.
W hat tim e are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
Jo h n isn’t at h om e at the m om ent. H e ’s visiting / H e visits som e friends.
‘W ould you like som e tea?’ ‘N o, thank you. I’m n o t drinking / I d o n ’t drink tea.’
[251
was/were and past simple (I worked / did you work? etc.)
10
10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
UNITS
I got up early and
....a shower.
Tom was tired last night, so h e ....................................to bed early.
I......................................this pen on the floor. Is it yours?
Kate got m arried w hen s h e ....................................23.
H elen is learning to drive. S h e ....................................h er first lesson yesterday.
‘I’ve got a new job.’ ‘Yes, I know. D a v id ....................................me.’
‘W here did you buy that book?’ ‘It was a present. A n n ....................................it to me.’
W e ....................................hungry, so we had som ething to eat.
‘D id you enjoy the film?’ ‘Yes, I ....................................it was very good.’
‘D id M ary com e to your party?’ ‘N o, w e ..................................... her, but she d id n ’t come.’
Look at the questions and Kevin’s answers.
Write sentences about Kevin when he was a child
W hen you were a child ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
12
Were you tall?
D id you like school?
W ere you good at sport?
D id you play football?
D id vou w ork hard at school?
D id you have a lot o f friends?
D id you have a bicycle?
W ere you a quiet child?
Complete the questions.
He wasn’t t a ll.
2
3 He
4
5
6
7
8
/*■ d L v
Yes, it was great, thanks.
To Amsterdam.
Five days.
Yes, very m uch.
I have friends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with them .
Yes, it was w arm and sunny.
Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative or question).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[252]
1
s
Jiave. a nice holiday?
WViere did, you go ?
...........................................there?
...............................Amsterdam?
..................................................... ?
...........................................good?
............................................ back?
13
No.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
N o.
Yes.
N o.
N o.
It was a good party.
L%)0y$4r.....it. (I/enjoy)
the shopping?’ (you/do) ‘N o, I
have....time.’ (I/have)
‘D id you p h o n e Alan?’ ‘N o, I’m a fra id ........................................................................ ’ (I/forget)
I like your new w atch. W h e re ..........................................................................it? (you/get)
I saw Lucy at the party b u t ......................................................................... to her. (I/speak)
A: ......................................................................... a nice w eekend? (you/have)
B: Yes, I w ent to stay w ith som e friends o f mine.
Paul wasn’t well yesterday, so ......................................................................... to w ork, (he/go)
‘Is M ary here?’ ‘Y es,..................................................................... five m inutes ago.’ (she/arrive)
W h e r e ......................................................................... before he cam e here? (R obert/live)
T h e restaurant wasn’t expensive............................................................ very m uch, (the m eal/cost)
past simple (I worked) and past continuous (I was working)
UNITS
11—14
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous.
m o m u ig
____ J ^ P A U lT
It
out.
raw ing
(rain) w hen we
(go)
W h en I arrived at the office, Jane and Paul
............................................(work) at their desks.
(open) the w indow
.......... (r >ng) w hile
(cook) the dinner.
(hear) a noise outside, so I
(look) ou t o f the window.
T o m ......................... (look) o u t o f the w indow
w h en the accident ............................. (happen)
because it was hot.
R IC H A R D
R ich ard had a b o o k in his hand bu t he
................................................ (not/read) it.
H e ................................................ (watch) TV.
n
"'...^'HSI
C ath erin e bo u g h t a m agazine bu t she
.................................................(not/read) it,
She d id n ’t have time.
I ................................................ (finish) m y meal,
................................................ (pay) the bill and
............................................(leave) the restaurant.
1 ................................. (see) Kate this m orning. I
.................................. (walk) along the street and
s h e .......................................... (wait) for the bus.
■Ra t e
present and past
15
8
9
10
11
12
(not/w atch) it.
You can tu rn off the television. I ’m not wotdimg
Last n ight Jenny
(fall) asleep w hile she . w** J.& w W S ...(read).
Listen! S o m e b o d y .....................
....................... (plav) the piano.
................................................(give) it back to you.’
‘Have you g o t my key?’ ‘N o, 1
.............................(not/like) hard w ork .
David is very lazy. H e ...............
.. (your parents/go) for their holidays last year?
W h e re ...........................................
I ...................................................... . (see) D iane yesterday. S h e .......................................................
(drive) h er new car.
A: .......................................................(you/w atch) television very often?
B: N o , I haven’t g o t a television set.
(you/do) at 6 o ’clock last Sunday m orning?
A: W h a t .......................................
B: I was in bed asleep.
A ndy isn’t at hom e very m uch. H e ..................................................... (go) away a lot.
I ...................................................... . (try) to find a jo b at the m om ent. It’s very difficult.
................................. (not/sleep) very well last night.
I’m tired this m orning. I ..........
present perfect (I have done / she has been etc.)
1254]
3-14
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms:
the present simple (I work etc.)
the present continuous (I am working etc.)
the past simple (I worked etc.)
the past continuous (I was working etc.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
16
UNITS
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
u n it s
15-19
I’m looking for Julia.
. her?y
( M ore coffee?)
13 (D o you know N orm an?)
' A *ss,. we
each ocher for
long tim e.^y
17
Complete the sentences (1,2 or 3 words).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
M ark and Liz are m arried. T h ey .JlMebeew., m arried for five years.
D avid has been w atching T V 5L*?ce. 5 o ’clock.
M artin is at work. H e .......................................................at w ork since 8.30.
‘Have you just arrived in L ondon?’ ‘N o, I’ve been h e r e ............................................... five days.’
I’ve kn o w n A n n ....................................................... we w ere at school together.
‘M y brother lives in Los Angeles.’ ‘Really? H o w lo n g .........................................................there?’
G eorge has had the same j o b ....................................................... 20 years.
Som e friends o f ours are staying w ith us at the m om ent. T h e y .......................................................
here since Monday.
Complete the sentences. Write about yourself.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I’ve never ridden a. Horse.
I’ve ...Pw n to London niany times.
I’ve j u s t ..............................................................................................................................................................
I’v e .....................................................................................................................................................................
(once / tw ice / a few tunes / m any times)
I haven’t ...................................................................................................................yet.
I’ve n e v e r .........................................................................................................................
I’v e ............................................................................ s in c e .............................................
I’v e ............................................................................ f o r .................................................
present perfect (I have done etc.) and past simple (I did etc.)
19
Present
1 A:
B:
2 A:
B:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A: T he w eather isn’t very nice today, is it?
B:
8 A:
B:
9 A:
B:
10 A:
B:
1 1 A: Have you heard o f G eorge W ashington?
B:
[256]
UNITS
18-20
20
Make sentences from the words in brackets (...). Use the present perfect or past simple.
1 A: Have you been to Scotland?
B: Yes 1 went there L ast y e a r.
(] / gG / there / last year)
2 A: D o you like London?
B: 1 d o n ’t k n o w l>v& never been there.
3 A: W hat tim e is Paul going out?
B:
(I / never / there)
........................................................... (he / already / go)
4 A: Has C ath erin e gone hom e?
B: Y es,................................................................ ...............................................
(she / go / at 4 o ’clock)
5 A: N ew York is m y favourite city.
B: Is it? ............................................................ ........................... ? (how m any times / you / there?)
6 A: W hat are you doing this weekend?
B: I d o n ’t know. ............................................ ................................................. (I / not / decide / yet)
7 A: I can’t find m y address book. Have you seen it?
...................................... (it / on the table / last night)
B:
8 A: Are you hungry?
B: N o , ................................................................ ..................................................................
(1 / just / eat)
9 A: Paula and Sue are here.
B: Are they? .................................................... ......................................? (w hat tim e / they / arrive?)
21
Present perfect or past simple? Complete the sentences.
1 A: . Have you .been...to France?
B: Yes, m any times.
A: W h e n ................................................ the last tim e
B: Two years ago.
2 A:
B:
A:
B:
Is this your car?
Yes, it is.
H o w l o n g .................................................it?
v
It’s new. I ................................ it yesterday. " [
\
\
C
*5
1
\jyowr car? / r ^ ) \
3 A:
B:
A:
B:
W here do you live?
In H arold Street.
I low lo n g ................................................ there?
Five years. Before t h a t ..........................................
in Mill R o ad.
A: H o w l o n g .................................. in Mill R oad?
B: A bout three years.
4 A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
W hat do you do?
I w ork in a shop.
H o w l o n g .................................................there?
N early tw o years.
W h a t ................................................ before that?
I
.......................................a taxi driver.
m
i
s
[257]
22
Write sentences about yourself.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(yesterday m orning)
(last night)
(yesterday afternoon)
(... days ago)
(last week)
(last year)
I was U ie.forw ork y e st^ L a y rooming.
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
UNITS 3 - 2 0
present, past and present perfect
23
Which is right?
1
5
e working ?’ ‘N o, she’s on holiday.’
A D oes Sue w ork
B Is w orking Sue
C Is Sue w orking
D D oes w ork Sue
2 ‘W h e r e .............................................................?’ ‘In a village near London.’
A lives your uncle
B does your uncle Jive
C your uncle lives
D does live your uncle
3 I speak Italian h u t .............................................................French.
A I speak n o t
B I’m n o t speaking
C I doesn’t speak
D I d o n ’t speak
4 ‘W h ere’s Tom ?’ ‘............................................................ a show er at the m om ent.’
A H e ’s having
B H e have
C H e has
D H e has had
5 W h y ............................................................ angry w ith m e yesterday?
A were you
B was you
C you w ere
D have you been
6 M y favourite film is C leo ’s D ream .................................................................. it four times.
A I’m seeing
B I see
C I saw
D I’ve seen
7 I ............................................................ o u t last night. I was too tired.
A d o n ’t go
B didn’t w ent
C did n ’t go
D haven’t gone
8 Liz is from Edinburgh. S h e .............................................................there all her life.
A is living
B has lived
C lives
I ) lived
9 M y fr ie n d .............................................................for me w h en I arrived.
A waited
B has waited
C was w aiting
D has been w aiting
10 ‘H ow lo n g .............................................................. English?’ ‘Six m onths.’
A do you learn
B are you learning
C you are learning
D have you been learning
11 M artin is English but he lives in France. H e has been th e r e .............................................................
A for three years
B since three years
C three years ago
D du ring three years
12 ‘W hat tim e .............................................................?’
A has Ann p h o n ed
B Ann has ph o n ed
‘A bout an h o u r ago.’
C did A nn p h o n e
13 W h a t.............................................................w hen you saw her?
A did Sue w ear
B was Sue w earing
C has Sue w orn
D is A n n p ho n in g
D was w earing Sue
14 ‘C an you drive?’ ‘N o , .............................................................a car b u t I w ant to learn.’
A I never drove
B I’m never driving
C I’ve never driven
D 1 was never driving
15 I saw Lisa at the station w hen I was going to work this m orn in g but s h e ............................. me.
A d id n ’t see
B d o n ’t see
C hasn’t seen
D d id n ’t saw
[258]
passive
UNITS 2 1 - 2 2 , APPENDIX 1
Complete the sentences.
T hese houses y?ere. bu'db 20 years ago.
Before chat there was a cinem a here bu t the
b u ild in g ....................................(damage) in a fire
and had t o ....................................(knock dow n).
T his b r id g e ............................... (build) in 1925.
I t ....................................(use) by hundreds o f
people every day. At the m o m en t the bridge
.................................................(paint).
This s tre e t....................................(call) W ilton
Street. It used t o ....................................(call)
Jam es Street but the n a m e .................................
(change) a few years ago.
T his is a bicycle factory. B icycles.................
.......................... (make) here since 1931. Its
the largest bicycle factory in the co u n try —
hundreds o f bicycles....................................
(produce) here every year.
Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
We ..wweuwited....(invite) to the p arty b u t we did n ’t go.
T h e m useum is very popular. Every year i t .................................. (visit) by thousands o f people.
M any b u ild in g s.............................................................(damage) in the storm last week.
A new road is going t o .............................................................(build) next year.
‘W h e re ’s y our jacket?’ ‘I t ....................................................... (clean). It will be ready tom orrow .’
She’s famous now, but in a few years her nam e w ill............................................................(forget).
‘Shall I do the w ashing-up?’ ‘N o, i t ...........................................................................(already/do).’
M ilk s h o u ld .............................................................(keep) in a fridge.
(you /ever/bite) by a snake?
My b a g .............................................................(steal) from my car yesterday afternoon.
Write a new sentence with the same meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Som ebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
has stolen m y keys.
stole my car last week.
wants you o n the phone.
has eaten the bananas.
will repair the m achine.
is w atching us.
has to buy the food.
..My
Ji&y e. bexx\ stolen.
M y c a r ......................................................................................
Y o u ...........................................................................................
T h e ............................................................................................
T h e ............................................................................................
W e ..............................................................................................
T h e ............................................................................................
27
Active or passive? Complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
T h ey
bwtlduig...(build) a new airport at the m om ent.
T hese shirts are clean now. T hey .. have been w ashed ...(wash).
‘H o w did you fall?’
‘S o m e b o d y ...............................................................(push) me.’
‘H ow did you fill?’
‘I .................
...........(push).’
I can’t find m y bag. S o m e b o d y ...
........................(take) it!
M y w atch is broken. I t ..................
......... (repair) at the m om ent.
W h o .................................................... ......... (invent) the camera?
W h e n .................................................. .........................(the cam era/invent)?
T h e letter was for m e, so w h y ......
..................... (they/send) it to vou?
T h e inform ation w ill......................
..... (send) to vou as soon as possible.
future
28
units 2 6 - 2 9
Which is the best alternative?
1 ...We rehaving a party n ext Sunday. I ho p e you can com e.
A W e have
B W e’re having
C W e’ll have
2 D o you know about Sally? .......................................................... h erjo b . She told m e last week.
A She leaves
B S he’s going to leave
C She’ll leave
3 T h ere’s a program m e on television that I w ant to w atch................................................ in five
minutes.
A It starts
B It’s starting
C It will start
4 T he w eather is nice n ow but I th in k .............................................................later.
A it rains
B it’s raining
C it will rain
5 ‘W h a t.............................................................n ex t w eekend?’ ‘N o th in g special. W hy?’
A do you do
B are you doing
C will you do
6 ‘W h en you see A nn, can you ask her to ph one m e?’
A I ask
B I’m going to ask
C I’ll ask
‘O K , ................................................... her.’
7 ‘W hat w ould you like to drink, tea or coffee?’ ‘........................................................... tea, please.’
A I have
B I’m going to have
C I’ll have
8 I ) o n ’t take that new spaper away. ............................................................it.
A I read
B I’m going to read
C I’ll read
9 R achel is ill, s o .............................................................to the party to m o rro w night.
A she doesn’t com e
B she isn’t com ing
C she w o n ’t com e
10 1 w ant to m eet Sarah at the station. W hat ti m e .............................................................?
A does her train arrive
B is h er train going to arrive
C is h er train arriving
11 ‘W ill you be at ho m e tom orrow evening?’ ‘N o ................................................................’
A I go out
B I’m going o u t
C I’ll go o u t
12 ‘.............................................................you tom orrow ?’
A D o I ph one
B A m I going to p h o n e
[2 6 0 |
‘Yes, O K .’
C Shall I phone
past, present and future
units 3 - 2 0 ,
2 6 -2 9
29 Complete the sentences.
1 A: ^ 4 m .90...(you/go) o u t last night?
B: N o , .......................................................(I/stay) at hom e.
A: W h a t .......................................................(you/do)?
B: .......................................................(I/w atch) television.
A: .......................................................(you/go) o u t tom orrow night?
B: Y es,.......................................................(I/go) to the cinem a.
A: W h ich film ...................................................... (you/see)?
B: ............................................. (I/n o t/k n o w )........................................................... (I/n o t/d ec id e ) yet.
2 A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Are you 011 holiday here?
Yes, we are.
H ow lo n g ...............................
....................................................
And how l o n g ........................
U ntil the end o f next week.
A n d ...........................................
Y es,...........................................
a w onderful time.
.................. (you/be) here?
(w e/arrive) yesterday.
.......................... (you/stay)?
....... (you/like) it here?
...... (w e/have)
3 A: O h , ..................................................... (I/just/rem ernber) - .......................................................
(Jill/phone) w hile you w ere out.
B: .......................................................(she/alw ays/phone) w hen I’m n o t here.
.......................................................(she/leave) a message?
A: N o, b u t ...................................................(she/w ant) you to ph one her back as soon as possible.
B: O K , .......................................................(I/pho ne) h er now.
.......................................................(you/know ) her num ber?
A: It’s in my address b o o k .............................................................(I/get) it for you.
4 A: .......................................................(I/go) o u t w ith C hris and Steve this evening.
.......................................................(you/w ant) to com e w ith us?
B: Yes, w h e r e .......................................................(you/go)?
A: To the Italian restaurant in N o rth Street................................................... (you/ever/eat) there?
B: Y es,....................................(I/be) there tw o o r three times. In fact I ..................................... (go)
there last night bu t I’d love to go again!
B:
A: W e ll,........................
so w here are they?
B: ..................................
A: N o , ..........................
(I/lose) m y glasses again,
(you/see) them ?
(you/w ear) them w hen
(I/com e) in.
........(I/n o t/w e a r) them now,
(you/look) in the kitchen?
...... (I/go) and look now
[261]
-ing and infinitive
UNITS
50-54, 98,105
Which is correct?
1 D o n ’t forget
A sw itch
switch.. o ff the light before you go out.
B. to sw itch
C sw itching
2 It’s late. 1 m u s t.................................................now.
A go
B to go
C going
3 I’m sorry bu t I haven’t go t ti m e .................................................to you now.
A for talking
B to talk
C talking
4 Bill is always in the kitchen. H e e n jo y s ...................................................
A cook
B to cook
C cooking
5 W e’ve d e c id e d .................................................away for a few days.
A go
B to go
C going
6 You’re m aking to o m uch noise. C an you please s to p .................................................?
A shout
B to shout
C shouting
7 W ould you lik e .................................................to din n er o n Sunday?
A com e
B to com e
C com ing
8 T h at bag is to o heavy for you. Let m e .................................................you.
A help
B to help
C helping
9 T h ere’s a sw im m ing pool near my house. I g o .................................................every day.
A to swim
B to sw im m ing
C sw im m ing
10 D id you use a d ic tio n a ry .................................................the letter?
A to translate
B for translating
C for translate
11 I’d lo v e .................................................a car like yours.
A have
B to have
C having
12 C ould y o u .................................................m e w ith this bag, please?
A help
B to help
C helping
13 I d o n ’t m i n d .................................................here b u t I’d prefer to sit by the window.
A sit
B to sit
C sitting
14 D o you w a n t.................................................you?
A that I help
B m e to help
C m e helping
15 I always read the new spaper b e fo re .................................................w ork.
A start
B to start
C starting
16 I w asn’t feeling very well but the m edicine m ade m e .................................................better.
A feel
B to feel
C feeling
17 Shall I p hone the re sta u ra n t.................................................a table?
A for reserve
B for reserving
C to reserve
18 Tom looked at m e w ith o u t.................................................anything.
A say
B saying
C to say
a and the
31
units 64,
68-72
Complete the sentences
1§§r) (fr/
3 ( Have you got any milk? j
i f l
( W h at do yoti d o ? )
( Yes, th ere’s som e in
I d o n ’t feel very well.
I d o n ’t w ant to go to
I w ent to
C I’m interested in
(W h at’s the difference between those cars?)-
N o th in g , they’re
|263]
32
Put in a/an or the where necessary. If a/an/the are not necessary, leave an empty space (-).
1 W h o is
best player in your team?
2 I d o n ’t w atch .
television very often.
3 ‘Is there
bank near here?’ ‘Yes, at
end o f this street.’
4 I can’t r i d e ........... horse.
5
sky is very clear tonight.
6 D o you live here o r are y o u ........... tourist?
7 W h at did you have f o r ........... lunch?
8 W h o w a s ...........first President o f .............U n ited States?
9 ‘W hat tim e is it?’ ‘1 d o n ’t know. 1 haven’t g o t ........... watch.’
10 I’m sorry but I’ve forgotten your nam e. I can never re m e m b e r........... names.
11 W hat tim e i s ...........next train to London?
12 Kate never w r ite s ........... letters. She prefers to. phone people.
13 ‘W h e re’s Sue?’ ‘S he’s i n ........... garden.’
14 Excuse m e, I’m looking f o r ........... M ajestic H otel. Is it near here?
15 Gary was i l l ........... last w eek, so he d id n ’t go t o ............ w ork.
16 Everest i s ........... highest m ountain in ............world.
17 I usually listen t o ...........radio w hile I ’m h a v in g .............breakfast.
18 I lik e ........... sport. M y favourite sport i s ............ basketball.
19 Julia i s ........... doctor. H er husband i s ............ art teacher.
20 M y apartm ent is o n ...........second floor. T u rn left a t .............top o f .............stairs, and it’s on
........... right.
21 A fte r........... dinner, we w a tc h e d .............television.
22 Last year we h a d ........... w onderful holiday i n ............ south o f ............ France.
prepositions
33
Put in a preposition (in/for/by etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[264]
units 9 6 - 1 0 1 , 1 0 4
H elen is studying law
university.
W h at is the longest riv e r ........... Europe?
Is there an y th in g ........... television this evening?
We a rriv e d ........... the hotel after m idnight.
‘W h e re ’s M ike?’ ‘H e ’s ........... holiday.’
Tom hasn’t got up yet. H e ’s still........... bed.
Linda is away. S he’s been aw ay ........... Monday.
T h e n ex t m eeting i s ........... 15 April.
I usually go to w o r k ........... car.
T h e re ’s too m uch su g a r........... m y coffee.
Kevin lived in L o n d o n ........... six m onths. H e d id n ’t like it very m uch.
W ere there a lo t o f p e o p le ........... the party?
W h a t are you d o in g ........... the m om ent? Are you w orking?
I d o n ’t know any o f the p e o p le ........... this photograph.
T h e train was very slow. It s to p p e d ........... every station.
I like this room . I like the p ic tu re s ........... the walls.
‘D id you buy that picture?’ ‘N o, it was given to m e ........... a friend o f m ine.’
I’m going aw ay ........... a few days. I’ll be b a c k .............Thursday.
Silvia has g o n e ........... Italy. S he’s .............M ilan at the m om ent.
Ann left s c h o o l........... fifteen and got a jo b ............ a shop.
Key to Exercises
5 M v hands are cold, or
M y hands are n ’t / are n o t
cold.
6 C anada is a very big country.
7 D iam onds a re n ’t / arc n o t
cheap.
8 I’m / 1 am interested in
football, or
I’m not. / I a m n o t interested
in football.
9 R o m e isn’t / is n o t in Spain.
3.1
1.3
2.1
2 ’s/is waiting
3 ’re/are playing
4 H e’s/H e is lying
5 They’re/They are having
6 She’s/She is sitting
2 M y b ro th er is a teacher.
3 T his house is n ’t / is n o t very
big.
4 T h e shops a r e n ’t / a r e n o t
o p en today.
5 M y keys a r e in m y bag.
6 Je n n y is 18 years old.
7 Y ou a r e n ’t / a r e n o t very tall.
2
3
4
5
1.1
2
3
4
5
6
th ey ’re
it’s n o t / it isn’t
th at’s
I’m n o t
y o u ’re n o t / you aren ’t
1.2
2
3
4
5
’m /a m
is
are
’s/is
6 are
7 is ... are
8 ’m /a m ... is
1.4
E x a m p le answers:
1
2
3
4
5
6
M y nam e is R o b e rt.
I’m from Australia.
I’m 25.
I’m a c o m p u ter program m er.
I ’m m arried.
M y favourite colours arc black
and w hite.
7 I’m interested in m achines.
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
T h e y ’re /T h e y are cold.
H e ’s /H e is hot.
H e ’s/1-Ie is afraid.
T h e y ’re /T h e y are hungry.
She’s/S h e is angry
1.6
2 I ’m / I a m hungry, or
I ’m n o t / I a m n o t hungry.
3 I t ’s / I t is w arm today, or
I t is n ’t / I t ’s n o t w arm today.
4 I ’m / I a m afraid o f dogs, or
I ’m n o t / I a m n o t afraid o f
dogs.
F
H
C
A
6
7
8
9
E
B
I
D
2 .2
3 Is y o u r jo b interesting?
4 A re the shops o p e n today?
5 A re you interested in sport?
6 Is the post office near here?
7 A re y o u r ch ild ren at school?
8 W h y are yo u late?
4 Yes, they are. or
N o , th ey aren ’t. / N o , th ey ’re
n o t.
5 Yes, it is. or
N o , it isn’t. / N o , it’s not.
6 Yes, I am . or N o , I’m not.
3.2
2 ’s/is cooking
3 ’re/are standing
4 is swimming
5 ’re/are staying
6 ’s/is having
7 ’re/are building
8 ’m /am going
3.3
5 W h a t is
6 W h o is
7 W h a t c o lo u r are
3 She’s/Slie is sitting on the floor.
4 She’s not/She isn’t reading a
book.
5 She’s not/She isn’t playing the
piano.
6 She’s/She is laughing.
7 She’s/She is wearing a hat.
8 She’s not/She isn’t writing a
letter.
2.4
3.4
2 A re y o u m arried o r single?
3 A re yo u A m erican?
4 H o w old are you?
3 I’m sitting on a chair, or
I’m not sitting on a chair.
4 I’m eating, or I’m not eating.
5 It’s raining, or
It isn’t raining. / It’s not raining.
6 I’m learning English.
7 I’m listening to music, or
I’m not listening to music.
8 The sun is shining, or
The sun isn’t shining.
9 I’m wearing shoes, or
I’m not wearing shoes.
10 I’m not reading a newspaper.
2.3
2 W here is
3 H o w old are
4 H o w m u c h are
5
6
7
8
9
A re you a teacher?
Is y o u r w ife a lawyer?
W h e re ’s /W h e re is she from ?
W h a t’s/W h a t is h er nam e?
H o w old is she?
2.5
2 Yes, I am . or N o , I’m n o t.
3 Yes, it is. or
N o , it isn’t. / N o , it’s not.
|265]
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 4
4.1
2
3
4
5
6
Are you going now?
Is it raining?
Are you enjoying the film?
Is that clock working?
Arc you writing a letter?
4.2
2
3
4
5
6
Where is she going?
What arc you eating?
Why are you crying?
W hat are they looking at?
Why is he laughing?
4.3
•3 Are you listening to me?
4 W here are your friends going?
5 Arc your parents watching
television?
6 What is Ann cooking?
7 Why are you looking at me?
8 Is the bus coming?
4.4
2 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
3 Yes, 1 am. or No, I’m not.
4 Yes, it is. or
No, it isn’t. / No, it’s not.
5 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
6 Yes, I am. or N o, I’m not.
UNIT 5
5.1
2 thinks
3 flies
4 dances
5 has
6 finishes
5.2
2 live
3 She eats
4 They play
5 They go
6 He sleeps
5.3
2
3
4
5
6
open
closes
teaches
meet
washes
7 costs
8 cost
9 boils
10 like ... likes
5
6
7
8
W e always have dinner at 7.30.
Tim never watches television.
Children usually like chocolate.
Julia always enjoys parties.
5.5
Example answers :
2
3
4
5
1 usually read in bed.
I often get up before 7 o ’clock.
I never go to work by bus.
I usually drink two cups of
coffee in the morning.
UNIT 6
6.1
2 Jane doesn’t play the piano very'
well.
3 They don’t know my phone
number.
4 W e don’t work very hard.
5 He doesn’t have a bath every
day.
6 You don’t do the same thing
every day.
6.2
2 Carol doesn’t like classical music.
I like (or I don’t like) classical
music.
3 Bill and Rose don’t like boxing.
Carol likes boxing.
I like (or I don’t like) boxing.
4 Bill and Rose like horror films.
Carol doesn’t like horror films.
I like (or 1 don’t like) honor
films.
6.3
7.1
2 Do you play tennis?
3 Does Ann play tennis?
4 Do your friends live near here?
5 Does your brother speak
English?
6 I)o you do exercises every
morning?
7 Does Paul often go away?
8 Do you want to be famous?
9 Docs Linda work hard?
7.2
3 How often do you watch TV?
4 What do you want for dinner?
5 Do you like football?
6 Does your brother like
football?
7 What do you do in the
evenings?
8 W here does your sister work?
9 Do you often go to the cinema?
10 What does this word mean?
11 Does it often snow here?
12 What time do you usually go to
bed?
13 How much does it cost to
phone New York?
14 W hat do you usually have for
breakfast?
7.3
6.4
2 Do you enjoy / Do you like
3 do you start
4 Do you work
5 do you go
6 does he do
7 does he teach
8 Does he enjoy / Does he like
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
3 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
4 Yes, it does, or No, it doesn’t.
5 Yes, I do. or No, 1 don’t.
2-5 You can use:
1 never... (go/ride etc.) or
1 often... or
I don’t . . .very often.
doesn’t use
don’t go
doesn’t wear
don’t know
doesn’t cost
don’t see
5.4
6.5
2 I often play basketball.
3 Margaret usually works hard.
4 Jenny always wears nice clothes.
3 don’t know
4 doesn’t talk
5 drinks
[266]
6 don’t believe
7 like
8 doesn’t eat
7.4
KEY TO EXERCISES
8.1
2 No, she isn’t.
Yes, she does.
She’s playing the piano.
3 Y es, lie does.
Yes, he is.
He’s cleaning a window.
4 No, they aren’t.
Yes, they do.
They teach.
8.2
2
3
4
5
don’t
are
does
’s /is ... don’t
6 do
7 does
8 doesn’t
8.3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
is singing
She wants
do you read
you’re/you are sitting
I don’t understand
I’m going ... Are you coining
does your father
I’m not listening
H e’s / He is cooking
doesn’t usually drive ... usually
walks
14 doesn’t like ... She prefers
9.3
10.3
2 Tina hasn’t got a bicycle. / Tina
doesn’t have a bicycle.
I’ve got a bicycle. / 1 have a
bicycle, or 1 haven’t got a
bicycle. / 1 don’t have a
bicycle.
3 Tina has got long hair. / Tina
has long hair.
I’ve got long hair. / I have long
hair, or 1 haven’t got long
hair. / I don’t have long hair.
4 Tina has got two sisters and two
brothers. / Tina has tw o__
(example answer) I’ve got two
brothers and one sister.
2
3
4
5
6
9.4
3
4
5
6
7
5 it’s got
6 1 haven’t got
9.2
2 Have you got a passport? or
Do you have ...?
3 Has your Either got a car? or
Does your father have ...?
4 Has Carol got many friends? or
Does Carol have ... ?
5 Have you got any brothers or
sisters? or Do you have ...?
6 How much money have we got?
or ... do we have?
7 What kind o f car has Julia got? or
... does Julia have?
9.5
3 have got four wheels (or have
four wheels)
4 ’s got / has got a lot o f friends
(or has a lot o f friends)
5 ’ve got / have got a toothache.
(or have a toothache)
6 hasn’t got a key (or doesn’t have
a key)
7 has got six legs (or has six legs)
8 haven’t got much time (or don’t
have much time)
UNIT 10
10.1
2 Carol anti Jack were at/in the
cinema.
3 Sue was at the station.
4 M r and Mrs Hall were in/at a
restaurant.
5 Ben was on the beach / on a
beach / at the seaside.
6 (example answer) I was at work.
10.2
2 is ... was
3 am
4 was
5 were
10.4
2 Was your exam difficult?
3 Where were Ann and Chris last
week?
4 H ow much was your new
camera?
5 Why were you angry yesterday?
6 Was the weather nice last week?
UNIT 11
’s got / has got
haven’t got
’ve got / have got
haven’t got
hasn’t got
9.1
2 he’s got
3 they’ve got
4 she hasn’t got
wasn’t . . . was
was ... were
Were ... w as... wasn’t
were
weren’t ... were
6
7
8
9
are
Was
was
are . . were
11.1
2 opened
3 started ... finished
4 wanted
5 happened
6 rained
7 enjoyed ... stayed
8 died
1 1 .2
2 saw
3 played
4 paid
5 visited
6 bought
7 went
8
9
10
11
12
thought
copied
knew
put
spoke
9
10
11
12
13
14
had
went
waited
departed
arrived
took
11.3
2 got
3 had
4 left
5 drove
6 arrived
7 parked
8 went
11.4
2 lost her keys
3 met her friends
4 bought two newspapers
5 went to the cinema
6 ate an orange
7 had a shower
8 came (to see us)
[267]
KEY TO EXERCISES
11.5
4 Catherine was at the station. She
Example answers:
was waiting for a train.
5 Mr and Mrs Hall were in the
park. They were walking.
6 I was in a cafe. I was having a
drink with some friends.
2
3
4
5
6
I got up late yesterday.
1 met some friends at lunchtinie.
1 played tennis.
1 wrote a letter.
1 lost my keys.
12.1
2 didn’t work
3 didn’t go
12.2
2 Did you
3 Did you
4 Did you
5 Did you
4 didn’t have
5 didn’t do
enjoy the party?
have a good holiday?
finish work early?
sleep well last night?
12.3
2 1 got up before 7 o’clock, or
I didn’t get up before 7 o’clock.
3 1 had a shower, or
1 didn’t have a shower.
4 1 bought a magazine, or
1 didn’t buy a magazine.
5 1 ate meat, or
I didn’t eat meat.
6 I went to bed before 10.30. or
I didn’t go to bed before 10.30.
did you arrive
I)id you win
did you go
did it cost
Did you go to bed late
Did you have a nice time
did it happen / did that happen
12.5
2 bought
3 Did it rain
4 didn’t stay
5 opened
6 didn’t have
7 did you do
UNIT 13
13.1
2 Carol and Jack were at/in the
cinema. They were watching a
film.
3 Tom was in his car. He was
driving.
126 8 1
2 she was swimming /she was
having a swim.
3 she was reading a/the
newspaper.
4 she was cooking (lunch).
5 she was having breakfast.
6 she was listening to m usic/...
listening to the radio.
13.3
2 What were you doing
3 Was it raining
4 Why was Ann driving so fast
5 Was Tim wearing a suit
She has elosed the door.
They have gone to bed.
It has stopped raining.
He has had a bath.
The picture has fallen down.
15.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13.4
2 He was carrying a bag.
3 He wasn’t going to the dentist.
4 He was eating an ice-cream.
5 He wasn’t carrying an umbrella.
6 He wasn’t going home.
7 He was wearing a hat.
8 He wasn't riding a bicyclc.
’ve bought / have bought
’s gone / has gone
Have you seen
has broken
’ve told / have told
has taken
has she gone
’ve forgotten / have forgotten
’s invited / has invited
Have you decided
haven’t seen
UNIT 16
16.1
2 H e’s/H e has just got up.
3 They’ve/They have just
bought a car.
4 The race has just started.
16.2
UNIT 14
12.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
13.2
15.1
2
3
4
5
6
14.1
1 happened ... was painting ... fell
2 arrived ... g o t... were waiting
3 was walking ... m e t... was
going ... was carrying... stopped
14.2
2 was studying
3 did the post arrive ... came ...
was having
4 didn’t go
5 were you driving ... stopped
... wasn’t driving
6 Did your team win ... didn’t
play
7 did you break the window ...
were playing ... kicked ... hit
8 Did you see ... was wearing
9 were you doing
10 lost ... did you get ... climbed
2 they’ve/they have already seen
it.
3 I’ve/I have already phoned
him.
4 He’s/H e has already gone
(away).
5 I’ve/I have already read it.
6 She’s/She has already started
(it).
16.3
2
3
4
5
The bus has just gone.
The bus hasn’t gone yet.
He hasn’t opened it yet.
They’ve/They have just
finished their dinner.
6 It hasn’t stopped raining yet.
16.4
2 Have you met your new
neighbours yet?
3 Have you written the letter yet?
4 Has he/T om sold his car yet?
KEY TO EXERCISES
19.3
3 fo r 20 years
4 20 years ago
17.1
18.1
3 Have you ever been to Australia?
4 Have you ever lost your
passport?
5 Have you ever flown in a
helicopter?
6 Have you ever eaten Chinese
food?
7 I lave you ever been to New
York?"
8 Have you ever driven a bus?
9 Have you ever broken your leg?
3 have been
4 has been
5 have lived / have been living
6 has worked / has been working
7 has had
8 have been learning
17.2
Helen:
2 Helen has never been to
Australia.
3 Helen/She has eaten Chinese
food a few times.
4 Helen/She has never driven a
bus.
Yon (example answers):
5 I’ve / I have
New York.
6 I’ve / I have
many times.
7 I’ve / I have
helicopter.
8 I’ve / I have
a few times.
never been to
played tennis
never flown in a
been late for work
18.2
2 How long have they been there
/ in Brazil?
3 How long have you known her?
4 How long has she been learning
Italian?
5 How long has he lived in
Canada? / How long has he
been living ...?
6 How long have you been a
teacher?
7 How long has it been raining?
18.3
2 She has lived in Wales all her life.
3 They have been on holiday since
Sunday.
4 The sun has been shining all day.
5 She has been waiting for ten
minutes.
6 He has had a beard since he was
20.
17.3
18.4
2-6
2 know
3 have known
4 have you been
5 works
6 has been
7 have you lived
8 I’ve had
9 is ... has been
She has done a lot o f interesting
things.
She has travelled all over the
world, or She has been all over
the world.
She has been married three
times.
She has written ten books.
She has met a lot o f interesting
people.
UNIT 19
17.4
19.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3 for
4 since
5 since
gone
been . been
been
gone
been
been
8 gone
6 for
7 for
8 for ... since
19.2
Example answers:
2 A year ago.
3 A few days ago.
4 Tw o hours ago.
5 Six months ago.
5
6
7
8
9
ten m inutes ago
an h o u r ago
fo r six m onths
for a lo n g tim e
a few days ago
19.4
2 been h ere since T uesday.
3 rain in g to r an h our.
4 k n o w n Sue for tw o years.
5 had m y /a cam era since 1989.
6 b een m arried for six m onths.
7 been studying m ed icin e (at
university) for th ree years.
8 played / b e e n playing the
piano since he was seven years
old.
19.5
Example answers:
1 I’ve lived in ... all m y life.
2 I’ve been in th e sam e jo b for ten
years.
3 I’ve been learn in g English for six
m onths.
4 I’ve k n o w n C hris for a lo n g
tim e.
5 I’ve had a headache since I got
up this m o rning.
20.1
2
3
4
5
1 started (it) last week.
they arrived at 5 o ’clock.
she went (away) on Friday.
I wore them yesterday.
20.2
3
4
5
6
7
W R O N G -I finished
R IG H T
W R O N G - did you finish
R IG H T
W R O N G - Jim ’s grandmother
died
8 W R O N G - Where were you
20.3
3
4
5
6
7
played
did you go
Have you ever met
wasn’t
’ve/have just washed
[2 6 9 |
KEY TO EXERCISES
8 washed
9 ’s/has visited
10 hasn’t com e
20.4
1 D id you have
was
2 H ave y ou seen
w en t
hav en’t seen
3 has w o rk e d / has been w o rk in g
was
w o rk ed
d id n ’t enjoy
4 ’v e /h a v e seen
’v e/h av e nev er spoken
H ave you ever spoken
m et
3
6
7
8
9
was given
are show n
w ere invited
was m ade
was stolen ... was found
21.4
2 Sally was born in B irm ingham .
3 H er parents w ere b o rn in
Ireland.
4 I was b o rn in ...
5 M y m o th e r was b o rn in ...
23.3
2
3
4
5
6
3 Glass is made from sand.
4 Stamps are sold in a post office.
5 This room isn’t used very
often.
6 Are we allowed to park here?
7 How is this word pronounced?
9 The house was painted last
month.
10 Three people were injured in
the accident.
11 My bicycle was stolen a few
days ago.
12 When was this bridge built?
13 Were you invited to the party
last week?
14 How were these windows
broken?
15 1 wasn’t woken up by the
noise.
Football is played in m o st...
Why was the letter sent to ... ?
... where cars are repaired.
Where w ere you born?
How many languages are
spoken ...
7 ... but nothing was stolen.
8 When was the bicycle
invented?
22.1
2 A bridge is being built.
3 The windows are being cleaned.
4 The grass is being cut.
3 The window has been broken.
4 The roof is bein g repaired.
5 The car has been damaged.
6 The houses arc bein g knocked
down.
7 The trees have been cut down.
8 They have been invited to a
party.
22.3
3 has been repaired
4 was repaired
5 are made
6 w e re th e y b u ilt
7 Is the computer being used (or
Is anybody using the computer)
8 are they called
9 were blown
10 was damaged ... hasn’t been
repaired
21.3
3 is made
4 were damaged
[ 270]
UNIT 23
23.1
3
4
5
6
are
D oes
Do
Is
7
8
9
10
do
Is
does
Are
23.2
2
3
4
5
d o n ’t
’m /a m n o t
isn’t
d o n ’t
w ere
Has
did
have
2
3
4
5
was
H ave
are
w ere
6
7
8
9
’v e/h av e
is
was
has
23.5
UNIT 22
21.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
23.4
3
4
5
6
7
22.2
21.1
D id
w ere
was
Has
did
6 do esn ’t
7 ’m /a m :
8 aren ’t
eaten
en jo y in g
dam aged
use
g o n e aw ay
8
9
10
11
understand
listening
p ro n o u n ced
open
UNIT 24
24.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
got
b ro u g h t
paid
enjoyed
bought
sat
left
10
11
12
13
14
15
happened
heard
p ut
caught
w atched
understood
24.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
began begun
ate eaten
drank drunk
drove driven
ran run
spoke spoken
wrote written
came come
knew known
took taken
went gone
gave given
threw thrown
forgot forgotten
24.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
slept
saw
rained
lo s t... seen
stolen
went
finished
built
KEY TO EXERCISES
11
12
13
14
learnt/learned
ridden
known
fell... hurt
26.2
24.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
told
won
met
woken up
swam
thought
8
9
10
11
12
spoken
cost
driven
sold
flew
25.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
used to have
used to be
go
used to eat
watches
used to live
get
did you use to play
I’m going away at the weekend.
I’m playing basketball tomorrow.
I’m meeting a friend this evening.
rin going to the cinema on
Thursday evening.
She’s getting
are going ... are they going
finishes
I’m not going
I’m going... W e’re meeting
are you getting ... leaves
does the film begin
are you doing ... I’m working
UNIT 11
2 I’m going to buy a new spaper.
3 W e ’re g o in g to play football.
4 I’m g oing to have a bath.
27.2
3 ’m /a m
26.1
2 Richard is going to the cinema.
3 Barbara is meeting Dave.
4 I)enise is having lunch with
Ken.
5 Tom and Sue are going to a
party.
I’ll be at home.
I’ll probably be in bed.
I’ll be at work.
I don’t know where I’ll be.
28.3
2 '11/will
3 w on’t
4 w on’t
5 ll/w ill
6 ’ll/will
7 won’t
28.4
3 1 think we’ll win the game.
4 I don’t think I’ll be here
tomorrow.
5 I think Sue will like her present.
6 I don’t think they’ll get married
7 I don’t think you’ll enjoy the
film.
28.5
27.1
going to w alk
2
3
4
5
6
are you doing
They’re going
shc’U lend
I’m going
will phone
7 He’s working
8 Will
4 ’s/is going to stay
5 ’m /a m g oing to cat
6 ’re /a re going to give
7 ’s/is g oing to lie d o w n
8 A rc you g oing to w atch
9 is R a ch e l going to do
UNIT 29
29.1
27.3
2 I’ll send
3 I’ll eat
4 I’ll sit
2 T h e shelf is g oing to fall (dow n).
3 T h e car is g o in g to tu rn (left).
29.2
4 H e ’s /H e is going to kick the
UNIT 26
28.2
2
3
4
5
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
She used to play volleyball.
She used to go out most
evenings. / She used to go out
in the evenings.
She used to play the guitar.
She used to read a lot. / She used
to like reading.
She used to go away two or
three times a year. / She used
to travel a lot.
5 she’s
6 she was
7 she’ll be
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
6
2-6
2 she’ll be
3 she was
4 she’ll be
Example answers:
26.4
25.2
28.1
26.3
25.1
He used to play football.
She used to be a taxi driver.
They used to live in the country.
He used to wear glasses.
This building used to be a hotel.
I UNIT 28
2 Are you working next week?
3 What are you doing tomorrow
evening?
4 What time are your friends
arriving?
5 When is Liz going on holiday?
ball.
27.4
E x a m p le answers:
1 I’m going to p h o n e A nn this
evening.
2 I’m g o in g to get up early
to m o rro w .
3 I’m g oing to buy som e new
clothes to m o rro w .
5 I’ll do
6 I’ll stay
7 I’ll show
2 I think I’ll have
3 1 don’t think I’ll play
4 I don’t think I’ll buy
29.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
I’ll do
I watch
I’ll go
is going to buy
I’ll give
Are you doing ... I’m going
|2711
KEY TO EXERCISES
29.4
2 Shall I turn off the television?
3 Shall [ make some sandwiches?
4 Shall I turn on the light?
29.5
2 where shall we go?
3 what shall wc buy?
4 who shall we invite?
7
8
9
10
11
12
I can/can’t swim.
I can/can’t ski.
I can/can’t play chess.
I can/can’t run ten kilometres.
1 can/can’t drive.
I can/can’t ride a horse.
30.1
l might see you tomorrow.
Ann might forget to phone.
It might snow today.
1 might be late tonight.
Mar)' might not be here.
I might not have time to meet
you.
30.2
2
3
4
5
I might go away.
1 might see her on Monday.
I might have fish.
I might get/take a taxi, or ... go
by taxi.
6 I might buy a new car.
2 can see
3 can’t hear
4 can’t find
5 can speak
30.4
Example answers:
1 1 might read a newspaper.
2 I might go for a drink with some
friends.
3 I might have an egg for
breakfast.
UNIT 31
31.1
2
3
4
5
6
Can you
Can you
Can you
Can you
Can you
[272]
ski?
play chess?
run ten kilometres?
drive?
ride a horse?
7 must
8 had to
9 needn’t
2 couldn’t eat
can’t decide
couldn’t find
can’t go
couldn’t go
33.2
31.4
2 C an/C ould you pass the salt,
(please)?
3 C an/C ould you turn off the
radio, (please)?
4 C an/C ould 1 have tomato soup,
(please)?
5 Can/Could you give me your
phone number, (please)?
6 Can/Could 1 borrow your pen,
(please)? or
Can/Could you lend m e...?
32.1
must meet
must wash
must learn
must go
must win
must be
32.2
5 1 had to
6 1 had to
7 I must
32.3
needn’t hurry
mustn’t lose
needn’t wait
mustn’t forget
needn’t write
32.4
2 C
3 A
33.3
2 Do you think I should learn (to
drive)?
3 Do you think I should get
another job?
4 Do you think I should invite
Gary (to the party)?
33.4
33.5
2 1 must
3 I had to
4 I must
2
3
4
5
6
2 He shouldn’t eat so much.
3 She shouldn’t work so hard.
4 He shouldn’t drive so fast.
3 I think you should sell it.
4 I think she should have a
holiday.
5 I don’t think they should get
married.
6 I don’t think you should go to
work.
7 I think he should go to the
doctor.
8 I don’t think we should stay
there.
UNIT 32
2
3
4
5
6
7
33.1
2 You should go
3 You should clean
you should visit
you should wear
You should take
30.3
3 He might get up early.
4 He isn’t / H e’s not working
tomorrow.
5 He might be at home tomorrow
morning.
6 He might watch television.
7 H e’s going out in the afternoon.
8 He might go shopping.
needn’t
had to
must
mustn’t
31.2
31.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
32.5
3
4
5
6
4 E
5 B
Example answers:
2 I think everybody should have
enough food.
3 I think people should drive
carefully.
4 I don’t think the police should
carry guns.
5 I think I should do more
exercise.
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 34
34.1
2 have co do
3 has to read
4 have to speak
5 has to travel
34.2
2
3
4
5
have to go
had to buy
have to change
had to answer
34.3
2
3
4
5
did he have to wait
does she have to go
did you have to pay
do you have to do
34.4
2
3
4
5
doesn’t have to wait.
didn’t have to get up early.
doesn’t have to work (so) hard.
don’t have to leave now.
34.5
3 have to pay
4 had to borrow
5 must stop or have to stop
b has to meet
7 must tell or have to tell
34.6
2 I have to go to work every
day.
3 1 have to write a letter
tomorrow.
4 1 had to go to the dentist
yesterday.
35.1
2 W ould y ou like an apple?
3 W o u ld you like som e coffee? /
... a cup o f coffee?
4 W o u ld you like som e cheese? /
... a piece o f cheese?
5 W ould you like a sandw ich?
6 W o u ld you like som e cake? /
... a piece o f cake?
35.2
2 W ould you like to play tennis
tom orrow ?
3 W ould you like to see m y
holiday photographs?
4 W ould you like to go to a
con cert n ext w eek?
5 W o u ld you like to b o rro w my
um brella?
35.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D o you like
W o u ld you like
w ould you like
W o u ld y ou like
I like
w ould you like
W o u ld youi like
l
D o you like
I’d like
UNIT 38
36.1
3
4
5
6
7
There’s / There is a hospital.
There isn’t a swimming pool.
There are two cinemas.
There isn’t a university.
There aren’t any big hotels.
36.2
E x a m p le answers:
3
4
5
6
There
There
There
There
is a university in ...
are a lot o f big shops.
isn’t an airport.
aren’t many factories.
36.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
There’s / There is
is there
There are
arc there
there isn’t
Is there
Are there
There’s / There i s ... There
aren’t
36.5
2 It’s
T h e re ’s
T h e re ’s , Is it
Is th ere . th e re ’s
It’s
Is there
UNIT 37
37.1
2 There was a carpet
3 There were three pictures
4 There was a small table
5 There were some flowers
6 There were some books
7 There was an armchair
8 There was a sofa
37.2
3 There was
4 Was there
5 there weren’t
6 There wasn’t
7 Were there
8 There wasn’t
9 There was
10 there weren’t
37.3
2 There are
3 There was
4 There’s / There is
5 There’s been / There has
been
6 there was
7 there will be
8 there were ... there are
9 There have been
10 there will be (or there are)
UNIT 38
36.4
2-6
There are nine planets in the
solar system.
There are fifteen players in a
rugby team.
There are twenty-six letters in
the English alphabet.
There are thirty days in
September.
There are fifty states in the USA.
38.1
2 I t’s cold.
5 It’s snow ing.
3 It’s w indy.
6 It’s cloudy.
4 It’s su n n y /fin e,
or It’s a nice day.
38.2
2
3
4
5
It’s / It is
Is it
is i t ... it’s / it is
It’s / It is
6
7
8
9
Is it
is it
It’s / I t is
It’s / It is
[273]
KEY TO EXERCISES
38.3
39.6
2 How far is it from the hotel to
the beach?
3 How far is it from New York to
Washington?
4 How far is it from your house to
the airport?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
38.4
3 It
4 There
5 It
6 it
7 There
8 It
2 It’s nice to see you again.
3 It’s impossible to work in this
office.
4 It’s easy to make friends.
5 It’s interesting to visit different
places.
6 It’s dangerous to go out alone
UNIT 39
39.1
5 will
6 was
39.2
2 ’m not
3 weren’t
4 haven’t
5 isn’t
6 hasn’t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
40.1
2 Do you?
3 Didn’t you?
4 Doesn’t she?
42.1
2 They aren’t / They’re not
married.
3 I haven’t had dinner.
4 It isn’t cold today.
5 We won’t be late.
40.2
3
4
5
6
7
Have you?
Can’t she?
Were you?
Didn’t you?
Is there?
8
9
10
11
12
Aren’t you?
Did you?
Does she?
W on’t you?
Isn’t it?'
6 Y o u sh o u ld n ’t go.
42.2
2
3
4
5
6
40.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 does
7 don’t
8 didn’t
aren’t they
wasn’t she
haven’t you
don’t you
doesn’t he
won’t you
2 arc you
3 isn’t she
4 can’t you
5 do you
2 I like sport but my sister doesn’t.
3 I don’t eat meat but Jenny does.
4 I’m American but my husband
isn’t.
5 I haven’t been to Japan but
Jenny has.
| UNIT 41
6
7
8
9
didn’t she
was it
doesn’t she
will you
39.5
41.2
2
3
4
5
6
wasn’t
are
has
can’t
did
|274|
7
8
9
10
11
has
do
hasn’t
will
might
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
They haven’t arrived.
I didn’t go to the bank.
He doesn’t speak German.
W e weren’t angry.
He w on’t be pleased.
D on’t phone me tonight.
It didn’t rain yesterday.
I couldn’t hear them.
1 don’t believe you.
42.4
41.1
2 either
3 too
4 too
I don’t like cheese.
They didn’t understand.
He doesn’t live here.
Don’t go away!
I didn’t do the shopping.
42.3
39.4
Example answers:
So am I.
So can I. or I can’t.
Neither am I. or lam .
So do I. or I don’t.
Neither do I. or I do.
So did 1. or I didn’t.
Neither have I. or 1 have.
Neither do 1. or I do.
So am I. or I’m not.
Neither have 1. or I have.
Neither did I. or 1 did.
So do I. or I don’t.
UNIT 42
5 Do I?
6 Did she?
40.4
39.3
3 'doesn’t
4 do
5 did
41.3
I have, or No, I haven’t.
I do. or No, I don’t.
it is. or No, it isn’t.
I am. or No, I’m not.
I do. or No, I don’t.
I will, or No, I w on’t.
I have, or No, I haven’t.
I did. or No, I didn’t.
I was. or No, I wasn’t.
1 UNIT 40
38.5
2 is
3 can
4 has
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
5 either
6 either
7 too
So am I.
9 Neither have I.
So have I. 10 Neither am I.
So do I.
11 Neither do I.
So will I.
So was I.
Neither can I.
Neither did 1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
’m not / am not
can’t
doesn’t
isn’t / ’s not
don’t ... haven’t
D on’t •
8 d id n ’t
9 haven’t
10 won’t
11 d id n ’t
12 weren’t
KEY TO EXERCISES
42.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
H e w asn’t born in L ondon.
H e d o esn ’t like L ondon.
H e ’d like to live in the country.
H e can drive.
H e hasn’t got a car.
H e do esn’t read new spapers.
H e isn’t interested in politics.
H e w atches T V m ost evenings.
H e d id n ’t w atch T V last night.
H e w e n t o u t last night.
UNIT 43
43.1
11 H o w often does it rain?
12 W h en did you do the
shopping?
45.3
UNIT 44
44.1
2 W h at fell o ff the shelf?
3 W h o w ants to see m e?
45.4
5 W hat m ade you ill?
6 W h o is /W h o ’s com ing?
2 W h at is the fo o d like?
3 W h at arc the peo p le like?
4 W h a t is th e w eath er like?
44.2
3 W h o did y ou pho n e?
45.5
4 W h at h ap p en ed last night?
2 W h at was the film like?
3 W h a t w ere th e lessons like?
4 W h a t was th e hotel like?
5 WiD y o u be here tom orrow ?
6 Is Paul going o u t this evening?
7 D o you like y o u r job?
8 D oes Linda live near here?
9 D id you enjoy y o u r holiday?
10 D id y o u have a show er this
m orning?
43.2
44.3
2 D o y o u use it a lot?
3 D id you use it yesterday?
4 D o you enjoy driving?
5 Are you a g o o d driver?
6 H ave you ever had an accident?
3 W h o did you ask?
43.3
3 W hat are the children doing?
4 H o w is cheese made?
5 Is y o u r sister com ing to the
party?
6 W h y d o n ’t you tell th e truth?
7 H ave y o ur guests arrived yet?
8 W h at tim e does y o u r train
leave?
9 Was y o u r car dam aged in the
accident?
10 W hy d id n ’t A nn go to w ork?
43.4
3 W h a t are you reading?
4 W h at tim e did she go (to bed)?
5 W h e n are they going?
6 W h ere did you m eet him?
7 W h ere has she gone?
8 W hy can’t you com e (to the
party)?
9 H o w m u c h do y ou need?
10 W h y do esn’t she like you?
2 W h ich hotel d id y o u stay at?
3 W hich (football) team does he
play for?
4 W in c h school d id you go to?
4 W h o to o k y o u r um brella?
5 W h o know s th e answer?
6 W h o did the w ashing-up?
7 W h at did Jill do?
8 W h a t w oke you up?
9 W h o saw th e accident?
10 W h o did y o u see?
11 W h o has got / W h o ’s g o t
y o u r pen?
12 W h a t does this w o rd m ean?
3 W ere you late this m orning?
4 Has A nn got a key?
4 W h a t arc th ey talking about?
5 W h at is she listening to?
6 W h ich bus are they w aitin g for?
2 W h o p h o n ed you ?
UNIT 46
46.1
3
4
5
6
W hat did she w ant?
W hat did he say?
4 W h o got m arried?
W h o told you?
5 W h o did y ou m eet?
W hat did she tell you?
6 W h o w on?
W hat did you do (after the
game)?
7 W h o gave you a book?
W h a t did C ath erin e give you?
UHIT 45
45.1
2 W h at are you lo o k in g for?
3 W h o did you go to the cinem a
w ith?
4 W h a t/W h o was th e film about?
5 W h o did y ou give th e m oney
to?
6 W h o was the h o o k w ritte n by?
45.2
2 W h a t are they lo o k in g at?
3 W h o is he w ritin g to?
W h a t co lo u r is it?
W h a t tim e d id y o u g et up?
W h at type o f m usic do you like?
W h a t kind o f car do you w an t
(to buy)?
46.2
2 W h ich coat
3 W h ic h film
4 W h ich bus
46.3
3
4
5
6
7
W h ich
W hat
W hich
W hat
W h ich
8
9
10
11
W ho
W hat
W h ich
W h at
46.4
2
3
4
5
6
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
far
old
often
deep
lo n g
46.5
2
3
4
5
6
H o w heavy is this box?
H o w old are you?
H o w m u ch did y o u spend?
H o w often do you w atch T V ?
H o w far is it from Paris to
M oscow ?
[275]
KEY TO EXERCISES
48.2
47.1
2 How long does it take by car
from Rom e to Milan?
3 How long does it take by train
from Paris to Geneva?
4 How long does it take by bus
from the city centre to the
airport?
47.2
Example answers:
2 It takes... hours to fly from ...
to New York.
3 It takes... years to study to be a
doctor in ...
4 It takes... to walk from my
home to the nearest shop.
5 It cakes ... to get from my home
to the nearest airport.
47.3
2 How long did it take you to
walk to the station?
3 How long did it take him to
clean the windows?
4 How long did it take you to
learn to ski?
5 I low long did it take them to
repair the car?
47.4
2 It cook us 20 minuCes to walk
home. / ... to get home.
3 It cook ine six months to learn to
drive.
4 It took M ark/him two hours to
drive to London. / ... to gee to
London.
5 It took Linda a long time to find
a job. / ... to get a job.
6 It took me ... to ...
UNIT 48
48.1
2
3
4
5
6
I don’t know where she is.
1 don’t know how old it is.
I don’t know when he’ll be here.
I don’t know why he was angry.
I don’t know how long she has
lived here.
[276]
2
3
4
5
6
where Susan works
whac Pecer said
why he wenc home early
what time the film begins
how the accident happened
48.3
2
3
4
5
6
are you
they are
the museum is
do you want
elephants cat
48.4
2 Do you know if/whether they
are married?
3 Do you know if/whether Sue
knows Bill?
4 Do you know if/whether
George will be here tomorrow?
5 Do you know if/whether he
passed his exam?
UNIT 49
49.1
2 She said (that) she was very
busy.
3 She said (thac) she couldn’t go
to the party.
4 He said (that) he had to go out.
5 He said (that) he was learning
Russian.
6 She said (that) she didn’t feel
very1well.
7 They said (that) they would be
home late. / ... they’d be ...
8 She said (that) she had just
come back from holiday. / ...
she’d just come back ...
9 She said (that) she was going to
buy a computer.
10 They said (that) they hadn’t got
a key. / They said (that) they
didn’t have a key-
49.2
48.5
2 Do you know where Paula is?
3 Do you know if/whether she
is working today? / ... she’s
working Coday?
4 Do you know whac time she
starts work?
5 Do you know if/whether the
shops arc open tomorrow?
6 Do you know where Sarah and
Tim live?
7 Do you know if/whether they
went to Ann’s party?
48.6
2 She said (that) she wasn’t
hungry.
3 he said (that) he needed it.
4 she said (that) she didn’t want to
g°5 She said (chac) I could have it.
6 He said (thac) he would send me
a postcard. / ... he’d send ...
7 Linda said (that) he had gone
home. / ... he’d gone home.
8 He said (that) he wanted to
watch TV.
9 She said (that) she was going to
the cinema.
Example answers:
49.3
2 Do you know what time the bus
leaves?
3 Excuse me, can you tell me
where the station is?
4 I don’t know what I’m going to
do this evening.
5 Do you know if Tom is working
today?
3
4
5
6
said
told
tell
say
7
8
9
10
said
told
cell
say
UNIT 50
50.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
phone
phone Paul
to phone Paul
to phone Paul
phone Paul
to phone Paul
phone Paul
phone Paul
KEY TO EXERCISES
5 travelling by train
6 going to ... to eat at
50.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
get
going
watch
flying
listening
cat
waiting
wear
doing ... staying
51.4
Example answers:
50.3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
to go
rain
to leave
help
studying
to go
wearing
to stay
have
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
having
to have
hear
g°
listening
to make
to know
tell
20 use
51.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
to see
to swim
cleaning
to go
visiting
going
to be
waiting
to do
to speak
to ask
crying / to cry
to work ... talking
51.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1 I enjoy cooking.
2 I don’t like driving.
3 If it’s a nice day tomorrow. I’d
like to have a picnic by the lake.
4 When I’m on holiday, I like to
do very little.
5 I don’t mind travelling alone but
1 prefer to travel with somebody.
6 I wouldn’t like to live in a big
city.
reading
to see
to send
walking
to lose
to help
to go
watching / to watch
to wait
raining
51.3
UNIT 52
52.1
2 I want you to listen carefully.
3 I don’t want you to be angry.
4 l )o you want me to wait for
you?
5 I don’t want you to phone me
tonight.
6 I want you to meet Sarah.
52.2
2 A woman told me to turn left
after the bridge.
3 I advised him to go to the
doctor.
4 She asked me to help her.
5 I told Tom to come back in ten
minutes.
6 Paul let me use his phone.
7 I told her not to phone before 8
o’clock.
8 Ann’s mother taught her to play
the piano.
52.3
2 to repeat
3 wait
4 to arrive
5 to get
6 go
7 borrow
8 to tell
9 to make (or to get)
10 think
UNIT 53
53.1
2-4
I went to the cafe to meet a
friend.
I went to the post office to get
some stamps.
I went to the supermarket to buy
some food.
53.2
2
3
4
5
6
to read the newspaper.
to open this door
to get some fresh air
to wake him up
to see who it was
53.3
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
to
to
to
to
talk to you now.
tell her about the party.
do some shopping.
buy a car.
53.4
2
3
4
5
6
to
to
for
to
for
7 to
8 to
9 for
10 to ... for
53.5
2 for the film to begin.
3 for it to arrive.
4 for you to tell me.
54.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
to
to
- (no preposition)
for
to
on ... to
for
on
to
- (no preposition)
on
for
on
2 going/to go to museums.
3 writing/to write letters.
4 to go (there)
[2 7 7 ]
KEY TO EXERCISES
54.2
2
3
4
5
6
went fishing.
goes swimming
going skiing.
go shopping.
went jogging
56.1
2
3
4
5
6
54.3
2 to the bank
shopping
to sleep
home
skiing
riding
for a walk
on holiday .
7
8
9
10
11
done
make
making
do
doing
56.2
to Portugal
UNIT 55
55.1
2 get your_
3 get a doctor
4 get a taxi
5 get the job
6 get some milk
7 get a ticket
8 gets a good salary
55.2
2 getting dark
3 getting married
4 getting ready
5 getting late
55.3
2 get wet
3 got married
4 get angry
5 got lost
do
make
made
did
do
They’re/They are doing (their)
homework.
He’s/H e is doing the
shopping, or He is shopping.
She’s/She is making a jacket.
They’re/They are doing an
exam/examination, (o r...
taking an exam.)
She’s/She is doing exercises.
She’s/She is making a phonecall. or She’s/She is phoning
somebody.
He’s/H e is making the/his
bed.
She’s/She is doing the
washing-up. or She is washing
up. / She is doing the dishes. /
She is washing the dishes.
10 I-Ie’s/H e is making a
(shopping) list.
II They’re/They are making a
film.
12 H e’s/H e is taking a
photograph.
56.3
6 get old
7 got better
8 get nervous
2 make
do
done
made
doing
did
do
9 making
10 made
11 make ... do
55.4
2 got to Bristol at 11.45.
3 1 left the party at 11.15 and got
home at midnight.
4 (Example answer) I left home at
8.30 and got to the airport at 10
o ’clock.
55.5
2 got off
3 got out of
4 got on
UHIT 57
57.1
3 He hasn’t got / He doesn’t have
4 George had
5 Have you got / Do you have
6 we didn’t have
7 She hasn’t got / She doesn’t
have
8 Did you have
57.2
2 She’s/She is having a cup of
tea.
[278]
3 He’s/H e is having a rest.
4 They’re/They are having a nice
time.
5 They’re/They are having
di nner.
6 H e’s/H e is having a bath.
57.3
2 Have a nice/good journey!
3 Did you have a nice/good
weekend?
4 Did you have a nice/good game
(of tennis)?
5 Have a i lice/good meal!
57.4
2
3
4
5
6
have something to eat
had a glass o f water
have a walk
had an accident
have a look
58.1
2 him
3 them
4 her
5 him
6 them
7 her
58.2
2
3
4
5
I ... them
he ... her
they ... us
we ... him
6 she ... them
7 they ... me
8 she . . . you
58.3
2
3
4
5
6
1 like him.
I don’t like it.
Do you like it?
I don’t like her.
Do you like them?
58.4
2
3
4
5
6
him
them
they
us
She
7
8
9
10
them
me
her
He ... it
58.5
2
Can you give it to him?
3 Can you give them to her?
4 Can you give it to me?
5 Can you give it to them?
6 Can you give them to us?
KEY TO EXERCISES
7 their
8 Ours
59.1
2
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
7
They live with their parents.
We live with our parents.
Julia lives with her parents.
I live with my parents.
John lives with his parents.
Do you live with your parents?
Most children live with their
parents.
59.3
2
3
4
5
their
his
his
her
6 their
his
Their
our
her
my
your
her
their
my
Its
His ... his
my key
Her husband
your coat
their homework
his name
O ur house
mine
ours
hers
theirs
6 yours
7 mine
8 his
60.2
2
3
4
5
6
UNIT 61
2 Yes, I know her but I can’t
remember her name.
3 Yes, I know them but I can’t
remember their names.
4 Yes, I know you but I can’t
remember your name.
61.2
60.1
2
3
4
5
2 Whose camera is this?
It’s hers.
3 Whose gloves are these?
They’re mine.
4 Whose hat is this?
It’s his.
5 Whose money is this?
It’s yours.
6 Whose books are these?
They’re ours.
61.1
8
9
10
11
12
59.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
o f hers
friends o f ours
friend o f mine
friend ofhis
friends o f yours
60.4
7 her
8 their
59.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 their
9 mine
60.3
her hands
our hands
his hands
their hands
your hands
59.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6 us
7 her
yours
my ... Mine
Y ours... mine
her
My ... hers
2
3
4
5
6
to
to
to
to
to
stay with
stay with
stay with
stay with
stay with
him at his house
them at their house
me at my house
her at her house
you at your house?
61.3
2 I gave her my address and she
gave me hers.
3 He gave me his address and 1
gave him mine.
4 We gave them our address and
they gave us theirs.
5 She gave him her address and lie
gave her his.
6 You gave us your address and we
gave you ours.
7 They gave you their address and
you gave them yours.
61.4
2 them
3 him
UNIT 62
62.1
2 myself
3 herself
4 themselves
5 myself
6 himself
7 yourself
8 yourselves
62.2
2 When 1 saw him, he was by
himself.
3 Don’t go out by yourself.
4 I went to the cinema by myself.
5 My sister lives by herself.
6 Many people live by themselves.
62.3
2 They can’t see each other.
3 They often write to each other.
4 They don’t know each other.
5 They’re / They arc sitting next
to each other.
6 They gave each other presents/a
present.
62.4
3
4
5
6
each other
yourselves
us
ourselves
7
8
9
10
each other
each other
them
themselves
UNIT 63
63.1
3 Mary is Brian’s wife.
4 James is Julia’s brother.
5 James is Daniel’s uncle.
6 Julia is Paul’s wife.
7 Mary is Daniel’s grandmother.
8 Julia isjames’s sister.
9 Paul is Julia’s husband.
10 Paul is Daniel’s father.
11 Daniel is James’s nephew.
63.2
2 Andy’s
3 David’s
4 Jane’s
5 Diane’s
6 Alice’s
63.3
4 our
5 yours
3 OK
4 Bill’s phone number
|279|
KEY TO EXERCISES
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
My brother’s job
OK
OK
Paula’s favourite colour
your mother’s birthday
My parents’ house
OK
OK
Silvia’s parts'
OK
6
7
8
9
2 teeth
3 people
4 children
3
4
5
6
7
64.1
8 an
9 an
8
9
10
11
64.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a vegetable
a game
a tool
a mountain
a planet
a fruit
a river
a flower
a musical instrument
12
13
14
2
3
4
5
6
He’s a shop assistant.
She’s a photographer.
She’s a taxi driver.
H e’s an electrician.
She’s a nurse.
H e’s a private detective.
I’m a /a n ...
2 boats
3 women
3
4
5
6
7
12 8 0 1
are
don’t
watch
were
live
7
8
9
10
■
a jug
milk
toothpaste
a toothbrush
an egg
money
a wallet
sand
a bucket
an envelope
3 ... a hat.
4 ... a job?
5 OK
6 ... a n apple ...
7 ... a party' ...
8 ... a wonderful thing.
9 ... a n island.
10 ... a key.
11 OK
12 ... a good idea.
13 ... a car?
14 ... a cup o f coffee?
UNIT 67
2 1 bought a newspaper (or a
paper), some flowers (ora bunch
o f flowers) and a pen.
3 I bought some stamps, some
postcards and some bread (or a
loaf o f bread).
4 I bought some toothpaste, some
soap (ora bar o f soap) and a
comb.
67.2
|
8
9
10
11
12
a piece o f wood
a glass o f water
a bar of chocolate
a cup o f tea
a piece of paper
a bowl o f soup
a loaf o f bread
ajar o f honey
67.1
Do
are
them
some
66.2
|
4 cities
5 umbrellas
... with a lot o f beautiful trees.
... with two m en.
OK
... three children.
Most o f my friends are
students.
He put on his pyjamas ...
OK
Do you know many p e o p le ...
I like your trousers. Where did
you get th e m ?
... full o f tourists.
OK
T h e s e scissors a r e n ’t ...
66.1
2-8
Tom never wears a hat.
I can’t ride a bicycle.
My brother is a n artist.
Barbara works in a bookshop.
Ann wants to learn a foreign
language.
Jim lives in a n old house.
This evening I’m going to
a party.
65.1
5 fish
6 leaves
UNIT 66
■
64.4
UNIT 65
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
65.4
64.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
66.3
65.3
f
5 a
6 an
7 a
15 OK
16 ... a n umbrella.
10 feet
11 holidays
12 potatoes
65.2
1 UNIT 64
2 a
3 a
4 an
addresses
knives
sandwiches
families
2 Would you like some coffee?
(or ... a cup o f coffee?)
3 Would you like a biscuit?
4 Would you like some bread?
(or ... a piece o f bread? / a slice
o f bread?)
5 Would you like a chocolate?
6 Would you like some chocolate?
(or ... a piece o f chocolate?)
67.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
some ... some
some
a ... some
an ... some
a ... a ... some
some
some
some ... a
67.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
eyes
hair
information
chairs
furniture
job
lovely weather
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 68______________ ___
68.1
3 a
4
5
6
7
8
9
llie
an
the ... the
a ... a
a ... a
... a student... a journalist...
a flat near the college ... T he
flat is ...
10 ... two children, a boy and a
girl. T he boy is seven years old
and the girl is three ... in a
factory'... hasn’t got a job ...
68.2
2
3
4
5
6
the airport
a cup
a nice picture
the radio
the floor
68.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
... send me a postcard.
What is the name o f ...
... a very big country'.
What is the largest...
. .. th e colour of th e carpet.
, .. a headache.
. .a n old house near th e station.
. .. th e name o f th e director of
th e film ...
UNIT 69
69.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
... th e second floor.
... th e moon?
... th e best hotel in this town?
OK
... d ie city centre.
... th e end of May.
OK
... th e first time I met her.
OK
What’s th e biggest city' in th e
world?
13 OK
14 My dictionary is on th e top
shelf on th e right.
15 We live in the country about
five miles from th e nearest
village.
69.2
2
3
4
5
the same
the same
the same
the same
time
age
colour
problem
11
12
13
14
th e station
OK
OK
OK
15 th e theatre
69.3
2
3
4
5
6
the guitar
breakfast
the radio
television/TV
the sea
69.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
the name
T he sky
television
the police
the capital
lunch
the middle
70.1
2
3
4
5
6
th e cinema
hospital
I don’t like dogs.
I don’t mind museums.
I love big cities.
l like basketball.
I love TV quiz shows.
I don’t like loud music.
I hate computer games.
71.2
Example answers:
2 I’m not interested in politics.
3 I’m interested in sport.
4 I don’t know much about art.
5 I don’t know anything about
astronomy.
6 I know a little about economics.
71.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
school
th e station
home
bed
th e post office
th e cinema
go to bed
go to prison
go to th e dentist
go to university/college
go to hospital / are taken to
hospital
70.4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
home
prison
70.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
71.1
Example answers:
th e airport
70.2
3
4
5
6
7
UNIT 71
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
friends
parties
T he shops
the milk
milk
football
computers
T h e water
cold water
th e salt
th e people
Vegetables
th e children
th e words
photographs
th e photographs
English ... international
business
Money ... happiness
th e doctor
OK
OK
OK
th e bank
OK
OK
th e city centre
72.1
3
4
5
6
Sweden
T h e Amazon
Asia
T h e Pacific
|2811
KEY TO EXERCISES
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
T h e Rhine
Kenya
T h e United States
T h e Andes
Tokyo
T h e Alps
T h e Red Sea
Malta
T h e Bahamas
73.3
2 that’s
3 This is
4 That’s
5 that
75.2
6 this is
7 That’s
8 that’s
74.1
72.2
3 OK
4 th e
5 th e
6 th e
7 OK
8 th e
9 OK
Philippines
south o f France
Regal Cinema
Museum o f Modern Art
10 Belgium is smaller than th e
Netherlands.
11 th e Mississippi ... th e Nile
12 th e National Gallery
13 th e Park Hotel in Hudson
Road
14 OK
15 T h e Rocky Mountains are in
North America.
16 O K
17 T h e Panama Canal joins th e
Atlantic Ocean and th e Pacific
Ocean.
18 th e United States
19 th e west of Ireland
20 OK
73.1
2 that house
3 these postcards
4 those birds
5 this seat
6 These plates
73.2
2 Is that your umbrella?
3 Is this your book?
4 Are those your books?
5 Is that your bicycle?
6 Arc these your keys?
7 Are those your keys?
8 Is this your watch?
9 Are those your glasses?
10 Are these your gloves?
[282]
2
3
4
5
6
1 don’t need one.
I’m going to buy one.
I haven’t got one.
I’ve just had one.
there’s one in Mill Road.
74.2
2
3
4
5
6
a new one
a better one
an old one
a big one
a different one
75.3
3 I’ve got some / I have some
4 I haven’t got any / I haven’t any
/ I don’t have any
5 1 didn’t buy any
6 I bought some
75.4
74.3
2 Which ones?
The green ones.
3 Which one?
The one with a/the red door.
4 Which one?
The black one.
5 Which ones?
The ones on the wall.
6 W hich ones?
The ones on the top shelf.
7 W hich one?
The tall one with long hair.
8 W hich ones?
The yellow ones.
9 Which one?
The one with a moustache and
glasses.
10 Which ones?
The ones you took on the
beach last week.
2 something
3 anything
4 anything
5 Somebody/Someone
6 anything
7 anybody/anyone
8 something
9 anything
10 anybody/anyone
76.1
2 There are no shops near here.
3 Carol has got no free time.
4 There is no light in this room.
6 There isn’t any tea in the pot.
7 There aren’t any buses today.
8 Tom hasn’t got any brothers or
sisters.
76.2
2 any
3 any
4 no
5 any
6 no
7 any
UNIT 75
75.1
2 some
3 any
4 any
5 any
6 some
7 any
2 some letters
3 any photographs
4 any foreign languages
5 some friends
6 some milk
7 any batteries
8 some fresh air
9 some cheese
10 any help
8
9
10
11
12
some
some
any ... any
some . .. any
some
8
9
10
11
12
76.3
2 no money
3 any questions
4 no friends
5 no difference
6 any furniture
7 no answer
no
any
no
None
any
KEY TO EXERCISES
8 any heating
9 any photographs ..
film
14 N obody/N o-one
anybody/anyone
76.4
4 every day
5 all day
6 every day
7 all day
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
Three.
Two cups.
None.
None.
UNIT 77
77.1
2
3
4
5
6
There’s nobody in the office.
I’ve got nothing to do.
There’s nothing on TV.
There was no-one at home.
We found nothing.
77.2
2 There wasn’t anybody on the
bus.
3 I haven’t got anything to read.
4 I haven’t got anyone to help me.
5 She didn’t hear anything.
6 We haven’t got anything for
dinner.
77.3
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
Nothing.
N obody./No-one.
N obody./No-one.
Nothing.
Nothing.
Nobody./No-one.
3b I don’t want anything.
4b I didn’t meet anybody/anyone.
5b N obody/N o-one knows the
answer.
6b I didn’t buy anything.
7b Nothing happened.
8b N obody/N o-one was late.
79.3
78.1
2 something
3 somewhere
4 somebody/someone
2
3
4
5
78.2
79.4
2a
3a
4a
2b
3b
4b
2
3
4
5
6
78.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
anything
Nobody/N o-onc
Nothing
anything
anybody/anyone
nothing
anything
anything
nobody/no-one
anything
Nothing
anything
anything
somebody/someone
something
anybody/anyone... nobody/
no-one
anything
N obody/N o-one
anybody/anyone
Nothing
anywhere
somewhere
anything
anybody/anyone
6 all
7 every
8 all
9 every
everything
Everybody/Everyone
everything
everywhere
Everybody/Everyone
7 everywhere
8 Everything
79.5
2 is
3 has
4 likes
5 has
6 was
7 makes
80.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Some
Most of
most
any of
all or all of
None of
any of
10
11
12
13
14
15
Most
most of
Some
All or All of
some of
most of
78.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
anything to eat
nothing to do
anywhere to sit
something to drink
nowhere to stay
something to read
somewhere to play
80.2
2
3
4
5
6
All o f them.
Some of them.
None of then i.
Most o f them.
N oneofit.
80.3
77.4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Nowhere.
Nothing.
N obody./N o-one.
I’m not going anywhere.
I don’t want anything.
I’m not looking for
anybody/anyone.
every-'
all
all
Every
UNIT 79
79.1
2
3
4
.5
Every day
every time
Every room
every word
79.2
3 Some people ...
4 Some of the questions... or
Some questions...
5 OK
6 All insects ...
7 OK (or ... all o f these books)
8 Most o f the students... or Most
students ...
9 OK
10 ... most o f the night
2 every' day
3 all day
[2831
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 81
81.1
9 Neither
10 either of
11 Both
12 neither of
13 Both
14 either of
Both
Neither
Neither
hot!)
Either
8 n eith er o f
81.2
2 Both windows are open.
3 Neither man is wearing a hat.
4 Both men have (got) cameras, or
... are carrying cameras.
5 Both buses go to the airport, or
... are going to the airport.
6 Neither answer is right.
81.3
3
4
5
6
7
Both of them are students.
Neither of them has (got) a car.
Both of them live in London.
Both of them like cooking.
Neither o f them can play the
piano.
8 Both o f them read newspapers.
9 Neither o f them is interested in
sport.
—
8
9
10
1I
12
many
How many
How much
How much
How many
82.2
2
3
4
5
6
much time
many countries
many people
much luggage
many times
82.3
2
3
4
5
a lot of money
OK
OK
a lot
82.5
3 She plays tennis a lot.
4 He doesn’t use his car much,
(or... a lot.)
5 He doesn’t go out much.
(o r ... a lot.)
6 She travels a lot.
83.1
2 a few
3 a little
4 a few
5 a little
6 a few
83.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a little milk
A few days
a little Russian
a few friends
a few times
a few chairs
a little fresh air
83.3
82.1
2 many
much
4 many
5 many
6 much
7 much
5
6
7
8
a lot o f interesting things
a lot o f accidents
a lot of fun
a lot o f traffic
2
3
4
5
6
7
very little coffee
very little rain
very few hotels
very little time
Very few people
very little work
83.4
2 A few
3 a little
4 little
5 few
6 a little
7 little
83.5
2
3
4
5
6
... a little luck
... a few things
OK
... a few questions
... few people
84.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
black clouds
long holiday
hot water
fresh air
sharp knife
dangerous job
84.3
2
3
4
5
6
It looks new.
1 feel ill.
You look surprised.
They smell nice.
It tastes horrible.
84.4
2
3
4
5
6
It doesn’t look new.
You don’t sound American.
I don’t feel cold.
They don’t look heavy.
It doesn’t taste good.
UNIT 85
85.1
2 badly
3 quietly
4 angrily
5 fast
6 dangerously
85.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Come quickly
work hard
sleep well
win easily
Think carefully
know her very well
explain things very clearly/well
85.3
2
3
4
5
6
angry
slowly
slow
careful
hard
7
8
9
10
suddenly
quiet
badly
nice (See Unit
84.) '
85.4
UNIT 84
82.4
84.1
3 a lot o f snow
4 OK
2 I like that green jacket.
3 Do you like classical music?
[284]
4 I had a wonderful holiday.
5 We went to a Chinese
restaurant.
2 well
3 good
4 well
5 well
6 good .. good
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 86
86.1
2 bigger
3 slower
4 more expensive
5 higher
6 more dangerous
86.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
stronger
happier
more modern
more important
better
larger
more serious
prettier
more crowded
86.3
2
3
4
5
6
hotter/warmer
more expensive
worse
further
more difficult or harder
86.4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
taller
harder
more comfortable
better
nicer
heavier
more interested
warmer
better
bigger
more beautiful
sharper
more polite
UNIT 87
- '' • ' '
87.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Liz is taller than Ben.
Liz starts work earlier than Ben.
Ben works harder than Liz.
Ben has got more money than
Liz.
Liz is a better driver than Ben.
Ben is more patient than Liz.
Ben is a better dancer than Liz.
/ Ben dances better than Liz.
Liz is more intelligent than
Ben.
11 Liz speaks French better than
Ben. / Liz speaks better French
than Ben. / Liz’s French is
better than Ben’s.
12 Ben goes to the cinema more
than Liz. / ... more often than
Liz.
87.2
2 You’re older than her. /
... than she is.
3 You work harder than me. /
... than I do.
4 You watch TV more than him.
/ ... than he does.
5 You’re a better cook than me.
/ ... than I am. or
You cook better than me. /
... than I do.
6 You know more people than
us. / ... than we do.
7 You’ve got more money than
them. / ... than they have.
8 You can run faster than me. /
... than 1 can.
9 You’ve been here longer than
her. / ... than she has.
10 You got up earlier than them. /
... than they did.
11 You were more surprised than
him. / ... than he was.
87.3
2 Jack’s mother is much younger
than his father.
3 My camera cost a bit more than
yours. / ... than your camera, or
My camera was a bit more
expensive than ...
4 I feel much better today than
yesterday. / ... than I did
yesterday. / ... than I felt
yesterday.
5 It’s a bit warmer today than
yesterday. / ... than it was
yesterday.
6 Ann is a much better tennis
player than me / than I am. or
Ann is much better at tennis
than me / than I am. or
Ann plays tennis much better
than me / than I do.
UNIT 88
88.1
2 A is longer than B but not as
long as C.
3 C is heavier than A but not as
heavy as B.
4 A is older than C but not as old
as B.
5 B has got more money than C
but not as much as A.
or ... but less (money) than A.
6 C works harder than A but not
as hard as B.
88.2
2 Your room isn’t as big as mine. /
... as my room.
3 1 didn’t get up as early as you. /
... as you did.
4 They didn’t play as well as us. /
... as we did.
5 You haven’t been here as long as
inc. / ... as I have.
6 He isn’t as nervous as her. / ... as
she is.
88.3
2
3
4
5
as
than
than
as
6 than
7 as
8 than
88.4
2 Julia lives in the same street as
Caroline.
3 Julia got up at the same time as
Andrew.
4 Andrew’s car is the same colour
as Caroline’s.
89.1
2 C is longer than A.
D is the longest,
Bis the shortest,
3 D is younger than C.
B is the youngest,
C is the oldest.
4 D is more expensive than A.
C is the most expensive,
A is the cheapest,
5 A is better than C.
A is the best,
D is the worst.
[285]
KEY TO EXERCISES
4 too fast
5 too big
6 too crowded
89.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
the happiest day
the best film
the most popular singer
the worst mistake
the prettiest village
the coldest day
the most boring person
91.2
3
4
5
6
7
89.3
2 Everest is the highest mountain
in the world.
3-6
Alaska is the largest state iti the
USA.
Brazil is the largest country in
South America.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the
solar system.
The Nile is the longest river in
Africa. / ... in the world.
UNIT 30
90.1
10 Did you buy that jacket in
England?
11 W e do the same thing every
day.
12 1 don’t like football very much.
enough
too many
too
enough
too much
8
9
10
11
enough
too
too many
too much
92.3
2
3
4
5
91.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
It’s too far.
It’s too expensive.
It isn’t / It’s not big enough.
It was too difficult.
It isn’t good enough.
I’m too busy.
11 was too long.
6
7
8
9
91.4
■
2
3
4
5
6
too
too
too
too
too
10
early to go to bed.
young to get married.
dangerous to go out at night.
late to phone Ann (now).
surprised to say anything.
11
12
13
2 enough chairs
3 enough paint
4 enough wind
14
90.2
92.1
2 The car isn’t big enough.
3 His legs aren’t long enough.
4 He isn’t strong enough.
3
4
5
6
90.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
old enough
enough time
big enough
eat enough
enough fruit
tired enough
practise enough
I like this picture very much.
Tom started his new job last week.
OK
Jane bought a present for her
friend, or Jane bought her friend
a present.
7 I drink three cups of coffee every
day.
8 OK
9 1 borrowed fifty pounds from
my brother.
2
3
4
5
6
sharp enough to cut
warm enough to have
enough bread to make
well enough to win
enough time to read
h i
91.1
2 too heavy
3 too low
[
286
]
UNIT 93
93.1
2
3
4
5
6
He always gets up early.
H e’s / He is never late for work.
He sometimes gets angry.
He often goes swimming.
He’s / He is usually at home in
the evenings.
93.2
92.2
90.4
■
I arrived at the hotel early.
Julia goes to Italy every year.
We have lived here since 1988.
Sue was born in London in
1960.
Paul didn’t go to work
yesterday.
Ann went to the bank
yesterday afternoon.
I had my breakfast in bed this
morning.
Barbara is going to university in
October.
1 saw a beautiful bird in the
garden this morning.
My parents have been to the
United States many times.
1 left iny umbrella in the
restaurant last night.
Are you going to the cinema
tomorrow evening?
1 took the children to school
this morning.
2 I wrote two letters this
morning.
3 Paul passed the exam easily.
4 Ann doesn’t speak French very
well.
5 I did a lot o f work yesterday.
6 Do you know London well?
7 We enjoyed the party very
much.
8 I explained the problem
carefully.
9 Wc met some friends at the
airport.
2 Susan is always polite.
3 I usually finish work at 5
o’clock.
4 Jill has just started a new job.
5 I rarely go to bed before
midnight.
6 The bus isn’t usually late.
7 I don’t often eat fish.
8 1 will never forget what you
said.
9 Have you ever lost your
passport?
10 Do you still work in the same
place?
KEY TO EXERCISES
11 They always stay in the same
hotel.
12 Diane doesn’t usually work on
Saturdays.
13 Is Tina already here?
14 What do you usually have for
breakfast?
15 I can never remember his
name.
93.3
2 Yes, and I also speak French.
3 Yes, and I’m also hungry.
4 Yes, and I’ve also been to
Ireland.
5 Yes, and I also bought some
books.
93.4
1 They both play football.
They’re/T hey are both
students.
They’ve both got cars./They
both have cars.
2 They are/They’re all married.
They were all born in England.
They all live in New York.
94.1
2 Do you still live in Clare Street?
3 Are you still a student?
4 Have you still got a motor-bike?
/ Do you still have ...
5 Do you still go to the cinema a
lot?'
6 I )o you still want to be a
teacher?
94.2
2 He was looking for a job.
He’s/H c is still looking (for a
job).
He hasn’t found a job yet.
3 She was asleep/sleeping.
or She was in bed.
She’s/She is still asleep/sleeping.
or ... still in bed.
She hasn’t woken up yet. / She
hasn’t got up yet. / She isn’t
awake yet. / She isn’t up yet.
4 They were having dinner. /
They were eating.
They’re / They arc still having
dinner. / ... still eating.
They haven’t finished (dinner)
yet. / They haven’t finished
eating yet.
6 give it to her
7 the policeman my identity card
94.3
2 Is Ann here yet? or Has Ann
arrived/come yet?
3 Have you got your (exam)
results yet? / Have you had
your... / Have you received
your...
4 Have you decided where to go
yet? / Do you know where
you’re going yet?
94.4
3 She’s/She has already
gone/left.
4 I’ve already got one. / I already
have one.
5 I’ve/I have already paid (it).
6 he already knows.
UNIT 95
95.1
2 He gave it to Gary.
3 He gave them to Sarah.
4 He gave it to his sister.
5 He give them to Robert.
6 He gave it to a neighbour.
95.2
2 I gave Joanna a plant.
3 I gave Richard some gloves / a
pair o f gloves.
4 I gave Diane some chocolates /
a box o f chocolates.
5 1 gave Rachel some flowers / a
bunch of flowers.
6 I gave Kevin a pen.
95.3
2 Can you lend me an umbrella?
3 Can you give me your address?
4 Can you lend me ten pounds?
5 Can you send me some
information?
6 Can you show me the letter?
7 Can you get me some stamps?
95.4
96.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
at
on
in
in
on
on
at
on
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
at
in
on
on
at
at
at
in
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
at
on
in
at
in
on
in
at
at
96.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
on
at
in
in
in
on
on
in
at
96.3
2 on Friday
3 on Monday
4 at 4 o ’clock on Thursday / on
Thursday at 4 o ’clock
5 on Saturday evening
6 at 2.30 on Tuesday (afternoon) /
on Tuesday (afternoon) at 2.30
96.4
2 I’ll phone you in three days.
3 My exam is in two weeks.
4 Tom will be here in half an
hour. / ... in 30 minutes.
96.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
in
—(no preposition)
— (no preposition)
in
at
—(no preposition)
—(no preposition)
on
in
at
2 lend you some money
3 send the letter to me
4 buy you a present
5 pass me the sugar
[2 8 7 ]
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 97
97.1
2 Alex lived in Canada until
1990.
3 Alex has lived in England since
1990.
4 Alice lived in France until
1991.
5 Alice has lived in Switzerland
since 1991.
6 Carol worked in a hotel fro m
1990 to 1993.
7 Carol has worked in a
restaurant since 1993.
8 Gerry was a teacher fro m 1983
to 1989.
9 Gerry has been a salesman
since 1989.
11 Alex has lived in England
for
years.
12 Alice has lived in Switzerland
for
years.
13 Carol worked in a hotel for
three years.
14 Carol has worked in a
restaurant f o r ......years.
15 Gerry was a teacher for six
years.
16 Gerry has been a salesman for
......years.
97.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
until
for
since
Until
for
for
until
9 since
10 until
I 1 for
12 until
13 Since
14 for
after lunch
before the end
during the course
before they went to Australia
during the night
while you are waiting
after the concert
98.2
3 while
4 for
[288]
5
6
7
8
9
10
while
during
while
for
during
while
98.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2 John worked in a bookshop for
two years after leaving school.
3 Before going to sleep, I read a
few pages o f my book.
4 After walking for three hours,
we were very tired.
5 Let’s have a cup of coffee before
going out.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
98.3
2
3
4
5
6
eating
answering
having/taking
finishing/doing
going/travelling
A t the airport.
In bed.
O n a ship.
In the sky.
A t a party.
At the doctor’s.
O n the second floor.
A t work.
O n a plane.
In a taxi.
At a wedding.
100.2
in
in
at
at
in
at
at
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
in
in
on
on
at
in
on
UNIT 101
99.1
101.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
3
4
5
In the box.
O n the box.
O n the wall.
A t the bus stop.
In the field.
O n the balcony.
In the pool.
A t the window.
O n the ceiling.
O n die table.
A t the table.
99.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
in
on
in
on
at
in
in
at
at
11 in
12
13
14
15
at
on
at
on the wall in the living room
to
in
to
in
6 to
7 to
8 in
101.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
to
to
at home ... to work
at
—(no preposition)
to
at
at a restaurant... to the hotel
101.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
to
to
in
to
to
at
to
9
10
11
12
to
at
at
to Mary’s house
... at home
13 —(no preposition)
14 study at ... go to
KEY TO EXERCISES
101.4
1
2
3
4
5
6
■
to
—(no preposition)
at
in
to
- (no preposition)
103.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
101.5
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
6
to work.
at work.
to Canada.
to parties.
at a friend’s house.
UNIT 102
I
102.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
next to / beside / by
in front of
between
next to / beside / by
in front of
behind
on the left
in the middle
behind
above
in front of
on
by / next to / beside
below / under
above
under
by / next to / beside
opposite
on
102.3
2 The fountain is in front o f the
theatre.
3 The bank/bookshop is
opposite the theatre, or
Paul’s office is opposite the
theatre, or
The theatre is opposite ...
4 The bank/bookshop/
supermarket is next to ...
5 Paul’s office is above the
bookshop.
6 The bookshop is between the
bank and the supermarket.
Go
Go
Go
Go
Go
Go
Go
Go
Go
under the bridge.
up the hill.
down the steps.
along this street.
into the hotel.
past the hotel.
out o f the hotel.
over the bridge.
through the park.
I
104.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
with
without
by
about
at
by
on
with
103.2
105.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
in
3
4
5
6
to
at
with
of
off
over
out of
across
round/around
through
on
round/around
in to the house th ro u g h a
window
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
out of
round/around
in
fro m here to the airport
round/around
on/over
over
out of
UNIT 104
104.1
2
3
4
5
on
on
on
on
time
holiday
the phone
television
104.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
by
with
about
on
by
at
on
with
ab o u t grammar by Vera P.
Bull
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
at
by
about
by
on
with
by
by
UNIT 105
105.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
103.3
102.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
UNIT 103
at
to
about
of
of
from
8 in
9
10
11
12
of
about
of
for getting angry w ith you
105.3
2
3
4
5
interested in going
good at getting
fed up with waiting
sorry for waking
105.4
2 Sue walked past me without
speaking.
3 D on’t do anything without
asking me first.
4 I went out without locking the
door.
105.5
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
I’m afraid o f the dark.
I'm not very good at drawing.
I’m not interested in cars.
I’m fed up with living in
London.
[289]
KEY TO EXERCISES
106.1
2 to
3 for
107.3
2 Hold on
3 slowed down
4 takes off
5 get on
6 speak up
7 broken down
8 fall over / fall down
9 carried on
10 gave up
3 at
6 for
4 to
106.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
to
to
for
to
of/about
for
on
to
for
to
—(no preposition)
to
on
of/about
106.3
1 at
2 after
3 for
after,
at
for
106.4
Example answers:
3
4
5
6
It depends
It depends
It depends
It depends
want.
on the programme.
(on) what it is.
on the weather.
(on) how much you
UNIT 107
107.1
2
3
4
5
went in
looked up
rode off
turned round/around or
looked round/around
6 got off
7 sat down
8 got out
107.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
away/'out
round/around
going o u t ... be back
down
over
back
in
[ 290]
9 gave it up or gave up (without it)
10 put out your cigarette /
put your cigarette out
9 up
10 going aw ay ... coming back
UNIT 106
■
UNIT 108
■
109.1
3 1 went to the window and (I)
looked out.
4 1 wanted to phone you but I
didn’t have your number.
5 1jumped into the river and (I)
swam to the other side.
6 I usually drive to work but 1
went by bus this morning.
7 Do you want me to come with
you or shall I wait here?
|
108.1
2 She took off her hat. or
She took her hat oft.
3 He put down his bag. or
He put his bag down.
4 She picked up the magazine, or
She pickcd the magazine up.
5 He put on his sunglasses, or
He put his sunglasses on.
6 She turned off the tap. or
She turned the tap off.
109.2
Example answers:
2 because it was raining. / because
the weather was bad.
3 but it was closed.
4 so he didn’t eat anything. / so he
didn’t want anything to eat.
5 because there was a lot o f traffic.
/ because the traffic was bad.
6 Sue said goodbye, got into her
car and drove off/away.
108.2
2 He put his jacket on.
He put it on.
3 She took off her glasses.
She took them off.
4 Put your pens down.
Put them down.
5 They gave the money back.
They gave it back.
6 I turned off the lights.
1 turned them off.
108.3
2 take it back
3 pickcd them up
4 switched it off
5 bring them back
108.4
3 1 knocked over a glass /
I knocked a glass over
4 look it up
5 throw them away
6 fill it in
7 tried on a pair of shoes / tried a
pair o f shoes on
8 showed me round (or around)
UMIT189
109.3
Example answers:
3 I went to the cinema b u t the
film wasn’t very good.
4 I went to a cafe and met some
friends o f mine.
5 There was a film on television,
so I watched it.
6 I got up in the middle o f the
night because I couldn’t sleep.
|
UNIT 110
110.1
2 When I’m tired, I like to watch
TV.
3 When I phoned her, there was
no answer.
4 W hen l go on holiday, I always
go to the same place.
5 W hen the programme ended, I
switched off the TV.
6 When 1 arrived at the hotel,
there were no rooms.
1
KEY TO EXERCISES
110.2
2 when they heard the news
3 they went to live in New
Zealand
4 while they were away
5 before they came here
6 somebody broke into the house
7 they didn’t believe me
110.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I finish
it’s
I’ll be ... she leaves
stops
W e’ll come ... we’re
I come ... I’ll bring
I’m
I’ll give ... I go
110.4
Example answers:
2 you finish your work?
3
4
5
6
I’ll write some letters.
you get ready.
I won’t have much free time.
I come back?
UNIT 111_____
111.1
2 If you pass the exam, you’ll get a
certificate.
3 If you fail the exam, you can do
it again.
4 If you don’t want this magazine,
I’ll throw it away.
5 If you want those pictures, you
can have them.
6 If you’re busy now, we can talk
later.
7 If you’re hungry, we can have
lunch now.
8 If you need money, 1 can lend
you some.
111.2
2 I give
3 is
4 I'll phone
5 I’ll be ... get
6 Will you go ... they invite
111.3
Example answers:
3 ... the water is dirty.
4 ... you’ll feel better in the morning.
5
6
7
8
...
...
...
...
you’re not watching it.
she doesn’t study.
I’ll go and see Chris.
the weather is good.
111.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
W hen
If
If
if
When
if
when ... if
UHIT112
112.1
3 wanted
4 had
5 was/were
6 didn’t enjoy
7 could
8 spoke
9 didn’t have
112.2
3 I’d go / I would go
4 she knew
5 we had
6 you won
7 I wouldn’t stay
8 we lived
9 It would be
10 the salary was/were
11 I wouldn’t know
12 would you change
112.3
2 I’d watch it / I would watch it
3 we had some pictures on the
wall
4 the air would be cleaner
5 every day was/were the same
6 I’d be bored / 1 would be bored
7 we had a bigger house / we
bought a bigger house
8 we would/could buy a bigger
house
113.1
2 A butcher is a person who sells
meat.
3 A musician is a person who plays
a musical instrument.
4 A patient is a person who is ill in
hospital.
5 A dentist is a person who looks
after your teeth.
6 A fool is a person who is very
stupid.
7 A genius is a person who is very
intelligent.
8 A liar is a person who doesn’t tell
the truth.
113.2
2 The woman who opened the
door was wearing a yellow dress.
3 Most o f the students who took
the exam passed (it).
4 The policeman who stopped our
car wasn’t very friendly.
113.3
2 who
3 which
4 which
5 who
6 which
7 who
8 who
9 which
that is also correct in all these
sentences.
113.4
3 ... a machine that/w hich makes
coffee.
4 OK (which is also correct)
5 ... people w ho /th at never stop
talking.
6 OK (who is also correct)
7 OK (that is also correct)
8 ... the sentences that/w hich are
wrong.
112.4
Example answers:
2
3
4
5
6
I’d go to Antarctica
I didn’t have any friends
I had enough money
I’d call the police
there were no guns
[291]
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 1t4
114.1
2 I’ve lost the pen you gave me.
3 I like the jacket Sue is wearing.
4 Where are the flowers I gave
you?
5 I didn’t believe the story he told
us.
6 How much were the oranges
you bought?
114.2
2 The meal you cooked was
excellent.
3 The shoes I’m wearing aren’t
very comfortable.
4 The people we invited to dinner
didn’t come.
7 The bus we were waiting for
was very' late.
8 W ho is the man Linda is dancing
with?
114.3
114.4
2 Who are the people you spoke
to?
3 Did you find the keys you were
looking for?
4 The house they live in is too
small for them.
5 The map I looked at wasn’t very
clear.
6 I fell off the chair I was sitting
2 W hat’s the name o f the
restaurant where you had
dinner?
3 Do you like the village where
you live?
4 How big is the factory where
you work?
Key to Additional exercises
6
1
10 Arc you
11 How much are
1 Are you married?
Where do you live?
Have you got / Do you have
any children?
H ow old is she?
2 How old are you?
W hat do you do? / W here do
you work? / W hat’s your job?
Do you like/enjoy your job?
Have you got / Do you have a
car?
Do you (usually) go to work by
car?
3 What’s his name? / W hat’s he
callcd?
What does he do? / W hat’s his
job?
Does he live/work in London?
3
7
3
4
5
6
4 Sonia is 32 years old.
5 I’ve got / I have two sisters.
6 We often w«itch TV in the
evening.
7 Ann never wears a hat.
8 A bicycle has got two wheels.
9 These flowers are beautiful.
10 Maty speaks German very well.
3
4
5
6
7
Kate is a doctor.
The children are asleep.
Bill isn’t hungry.
The books aren’t on the table.
The hotel is near the station.
8 T h e bus isn’t full.
2
3
4
5
6
7
she’s/she is
Where are
Ishe
It’s/It is
I’m/1 am or
No, I’m not. I’m a student.
8 What colour is
9 Is it
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
went
found
was
had
told
gave
were
9 thought
10 invited
11
3 He was good at sport.
4 He played football.
5 He didn’t work hard at school.
6 He had a lot o f friends.
7 Lie didn’t have a bicycle.
8 He wasn’t a quiet child.
12
He’s/H e is having a bath.
Are the children playing?
Is it raining?
They’re/They are coming
now.
7 Why are you standing here?
Pm /I am waiting for
somebody.
Chris doesn’t want
Do you want
Does Ann live
Sarah knows
I don’t travel
do you usually get up
They don’t go out
Tim always finishes
does Jill do ... She works
5
3
4
5
6
13
3 1 forgot
4 did you get
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3 How long were you there? /
How long did you stay there?
4 Did you like/enjoy Amsterdam?
5 Where did you stay?
6 Was the weather good?
7 W hen did you get/com e back?
She’s/She is a student.
She hasn’t got a car.
She goes out a lot.
She’s got / She has got a lot of
friends.
7 She doesn’t like London.
8 She likes dancing.
9 She isn’t / She’s not interested
in sport.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
are you cooking?
plays
I’m going
It’s raining
I don’t watch
we’re looking
do you pronounce
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
we go
is shining
are you going
do you go
She writes
I never read
They’re watching
She’s talking
do you usually have
H e’s visiting
I don’t drink
5
6
7
8
9
10
I didn’t speak
Did you have
he didn’t go
she arrived
did Robert live
The meal didn’t cost
14
2 were working
3 opened
4 rang ... was cooking
5 heard ... looked
6 was looking ... happened
7 wasn’t reading ... was watching
8 didn’t read
9 finished ... paid ... left
10 saw ... was walking ... was
waiting
[293]
KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
19
15
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
is playing
gave
doesn’t like
did your parents go
saw ... was driving
Do you w'atch
were you doing
goes
’m /am trying
didn’t sleep
3 bought
4 went
5 ’ve/have read or
’ve/have finished with
6 haven’t started (it)
or haven’t begun
7 was
8 didn’t see
9 left
10 ’s/has been
11 was
16
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
it’s/it has just finished/ended.
I’ve/l have found them.
I haven’t read it.
Have you seen her?
I’ve/I have had enough.
Have you (ever) been to
Sweden?
W e’ve/W e have (just) been to
the cinema.
They’ve/They have gone to a
party.
H e’s/H e has just woken up.
How long have you lived here?
or ... have you been living
here?
W e’ve/W e have known each
other for a long time.
It’s/It has been raining all day.
or It has rained all day. or It has
been horrible/bad all day.
17
3
4
5
6
has been
for
since
has he lived / has he been / has
he been living
7 for
8 have been
18
Example answers:
3
4
5
6
7
8
I’ve just started this exercise.
I’ve met Julia a few times.
I haven’t had dinner yet.
I’ve never been to Australia.
I’ve lived here since I was bom.
I’ve lived here for three years.
20
3 H e’s/H e has already gone.
4 she went at 4 o ’clock.
5 How many times have you been
there?
6 I haven’t decided yet.
7 It was on the table last night.
8 I’ve just eaten.
9 What time did they arrive?
21
1 W hen was the last time? or
When did you go the last
time?
2 How long have you had it?
I bought it yesterday.
3 How long have you lived / have
you been / have you been
living there?
Before that we lived in Mill
Road.
How long did you live in Mill
Road?
4 How long have you worked /
have you been working
there?
What did you do before that?
1 was a taxi driver, or I worked as
a taxi driver.
22
Example answers:
2 I didn’t go out last night.
3 I was at work yesterday
afternoon.
4 I went to a party a few days ago.
5 It was my birthday last week.
6 I went to America last year.
23
2 B
3 D
4 A
[294]
5 A
6 D
7 C
8
9
10
11
B
C
D
A
12
13
14
15
C
B
C
A
24
1 was damaged ... be knocked
down
2 was built ... is used ... is being
painted
3 is called ... be called ... was
changed
4 have been made ... are produced
25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
is visited
were damaged
be built
is being cleaned
be forgotten
has already been done
be kept
Have you ever been bitten
was stolen
26
2 My car was stolen last week.
3 You’re/Y ou are wanted on
the phone.
4 The bananas have been eaten.
5 The machine will be repaired.
6 W e’re/W e are being watched.
7 The food has to be bought.
27
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
pushed
was pushed
has taken
is being repaired
invented
was the camera invented
did they send / have they
sent
10 be sent
28
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
A
C
B
C
C
8
9
10
11
12
B
B
A
B
C
KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
29
30
1 I stayed
did you do
1 watched
Are you going
I’m going
arc you going to see
I don’t know. I haven’t decided
2 have you been
Wc arrived
are you staying / are you going
to stay
do you like
we’re having
3 I’ve just remembered —Jill
phoned
She always phones ... Did she
leave
she wants
I’ll phone ... Do you know
I’ll get
4 I’m going ... Do you want
are you going
Have you ever eaten
I’ve been ... I went
5 I’ve lo st... Have you seen
You were wearing ... I came
I’m not wearing
Have you looked / Did you
look
I’ll go
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
B
C
B
A
C
A
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
B
A
C
B
C
A
C
B
31
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a car
the fridge
a teacher
school
the cinema
a taxi
the piano
computers
the same
32
4
5
6
7
8
a horse
T he sky
a tourist
for lunch (-)
the first President o f the
United States
9 a watch
10 remember names (-)
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
the next train
writes letters (-)
the garden
the Majestic Hotel
ill last week (-) ... to work (-)
the highest mountain in the
world
to the radio ... having breakfast
(-)
like sport (-) ... is basketball (-)
a doctor ... an art teacher
the second floor ... the top of
the stairs ... on the right
After dinner (-) ... watched
television (-)
a wonderful holiday in the
south o f France (-)
33
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
in
on
at
on
in
since
on
by
in
for
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
at
at
in
at
on
by
for . .. on
to .. . in
at .. . in
[295]
Index
a /a n 64
a and some 66—67
a /a n and the 68
a b o u t 104E
ab o v e 102E
ac tiv e and p assive A ppendix 1
acro ss 103
ad jec tiv e s 84
adjectives and adverbs
(quick/quickly) 85
comparatives (older / more
expensive) 86-88
superlatives (the oldest / the most
expensive) 89
get + adjective (get tired etc.) 55B
possessive adjectives (m y /y o u r/h e r
etc.) 59,61
something/anybody etc. + adjective 78C
adjectivcs + preposition (afraid o f
etc.) 105A
ad v e rb s 85
w ord order (alw ays/usually/often
etc.) 93
advise (advise somebody to ...) 52B
afraid (of) 105A
afte r 98, 110
ag o 19B
all
all and every etc. 79
all (of) 80
w ord order 93
alo n g 103
alre ad y 94C
already + present perfect 16B
w ord order 93
also (word order) 93
alw ays
always + present simple 5C
w ord order 93
a m /is /a r e 1-2
am /is/a re -ing (present continuous)
3 -4 , 23A, 26, 50C
there is / there are 36
an see a
an d 109
a n g ry (w ith /a b o u t) 105A
a n o th e r 64B
an y
any and some 75
not + any 76
any and no 76
any (oj) 80
[296]
a n y b o d y /a n y o n e /a n y th in g 75D,
77-78
a n y w h e re 78
a p o s tro p h e ( I ’m , i t ’s etc.)
A ppendix 4
a p o s tr o p h e ’s (m y brother’s car) 63
a re see a m /is / a r e
a ro u n d 103, 107-108, Appendix 7
a rriv e 101C
a rticle s (a /a n /th e ) 64—72
a /a n 64, 66—67
a /a n and the 68
the 69-72
as (not as . .. as) 88
ask
ask somebody to ... 52B
ask somebody for ... 106 A
at
at 8 o ’clock / at night etc. 96
at the bus stop / at work etc.
99-100
at and to 101
at the age o f . .. 104B
au x ilia ry v e rb s 23, 39-41
aw ay
run away / throw away etc. (phrasal
verbs) 107—108, Appendix 7
b ac k
come back / give back etc. (plirasal
verbs) 107-108, Appendix 7
be (infinitive o f am /is/are)
a m /is/a re 1—2
am /is/a re + -ing (present
continuous) 3—4, 23A, 26, 50C
was /were 10
w as/ were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 23A, 50C
have /has been (present perfect)
15-18
passive 21-22, A ppendix 1
will be 28
b e c a u se 109
b ee n
have/has been (present perfect)
15-18
been a n d gone I7C
there has/have been 37B
b e fo re 98, 110
b e g in (begin to . .. or begin -ing) 51C
b e h in d 102A
b e lo n g (to) 106A
b e lo w 102E
b esid e 102A
b e s t 89B
b e tte r 86D
b e tw e e n 102A
b it (a bit older/bigger etc.) 87D
b o r n 21C
b o th 8 1
w ord order 93
b u t 109
b y 104C
by after the passive (/ was bitten by a
dog.) 21D
by myself / by yourself etc. 62C
by (= beside) I0 2 C '
c a n /c a n ’t 31
c o m p a ra tiv e (older / more expensive
etc.) 86-88
c o n d itio n a l ( i f . . . )
i f I do ...111
i f I did ... 112
c o n ju n c tio n s 109—112
a n d /b u t/o r/so /because 109
w hen/before/w hile/after/until 110
i f 111-112
c o n tin u e (continue to . .. or continue
-ing) 51C
c o n tra c tio n s (short forms - I ’m, it’s,
y o u ’ve etc.) A ppendix 4
c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t 31C —D
c o u n ta b le and uncountable nouns
66-67
d e p e n d (on) 106C
d id
d id n ’t in negatives 12, 231), 39C,
42B, 50A
did in questions 12, 23D , 39C,
43B ,50A
d iffe re n t (fro m ) 105A
d ire c t sp e ec h and reported speech
49
d o 56
don’t/d o e sn ’t in negatives 6, 23D,
39C, 42B, 50A*
do/does in questions 7, 23D, 39C,
43B, 50A
d o w n 103
sit down / p u t down etc. (phrasal
verbs) 107-108, A ppendix 6 -7
d u r in g 98
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX
each o th e r 62D
e ith e r
either and too 41A
either (of) 81
e m b e d d e d q u e s tio n s (D o you know
w h a t ...? ctc.) 48
e n d (at the end oj) 96B, 99B
en jo y
en jo y-in g 5 IB
enjoy m y self/yourself etc. 62A
e n o u g h 90
enough and too 9 1D
ev er
H ave you ever . ..? 17
superlative + ever 89E
w ord order 93
ev ery 79
e v e ry b o d y /e v e ry o n e /e v e ry th in g
/e v e ry w h e re 79C
ex p e c t 51 A ,52B
far
H o w fa r is it? 38A, 46D
far —>further 86B
fast 85C
fed u p (w ith) 105A
few / a few 83
finish (finish -ing) 511S
fo r
for ten minutes / for three years ctc.
19, 97D
fo r and to . .. 53B
go fo r a walk etc. 54C
for and during 98C
fro m 97A, 103
fro n t (in fro n t of) 102A -B
full (of) 105A
fu rth e r 86B
fu tu re 26-29
I ’m working tomorrow, (present
continuous) 26
The concert starts at 7 .3 0 . (present
simple) 26C
(I’m )going to (do something) 27
will 28-29
shall 28D , 29C
future after w hen/before/w hile etc.
110B
future after i f 11 IB
g e o g ra p h ic a l n a m e s w ith and
w ithout the 72
g e ru n d see - in g
g e t 55
get to (a place) 55C, I01C
get on / get up ecc. (phrasal verbs)
107, A ppendix 6
give
give something to somebody / give
somebody something 95
give up /g iv e back etc. (phrasal
verbs) 108, Appendix 6 -7
g o 54
go -ing (?<> sw im m ing etc.) 54D
go home / go to ivork / go to the
cinema 70
go in / g o back etc. (phrasal verbs)
107
g o in g to ( I ’m going to do something)
27
g o n e and b e e n 17C
good
good and well 85D
good at 105 A
got
past ofgef 11C, 55
have/has got 9, 57A
had
past o f have 1 IC
had to 34 B
H e said he had (done something) 49,
Appendix 1.1
h a p p e n (to) 106A
h a rd 85C
has see h av e
h a te 5 1 C -D
h av e 9, 57
have got / has got 9, 57 A
have done / have been etc. (present
perfect) 15-18, 23C
have to 34
there has/have been 37B
have breakfast / have a shower etc.
57B
h e r .58-59, 61
h ers 60—61
h e rs e lf 62
h im 58, 61
h im s e lf 62
his 59—61
h o lid a y (on holiday) 54B, 104A
h o m e 54A, 70A, 101B
get hom e 55C, 101C
h o w 46
H o w long have you ... ? (present
perfect) 18
how big? / how old? / how far? etc.
46D
H o w long does it take? 47
how much? / how m any? 82A
T h e num bers are u n it num bers (not page num bers).
I /y o u /h e /s h e etc. (personal
pronouns) 58, 61
i f 111-112
i f we go / i f you see etc. 111
if and when 111C
i f I had / i f we went 112
D o you kn o w i f . ..? 48C
in
in A p ril / in sum m er etc. 96
in a room / in hospital etc. 99-100
in five m inutes / in three years etc.
96 E
in and to 101
p u t something in 103
go in / fill in etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-108, Appendix 7
in fin itiv e (do/see/play etc.)
infinitive (do/see etc.) and to
+ infinitive (to do / to see ctc.)
50, 52
can/w ill/sh o u ld ctc. + infinitive
50A
verbs + to + infinitive (I w ant to go
etc.) 50B, 51 -5 2
infinitive and -ing (do/doing etc.)
50-51
I went to the shop to buy ...
(infinitive for purpose) 53
infinitive and fo r ... 53B
adjective + infinitive (it’s easy
t o . . . ) 38B
something to eat / nowhere to <?o etc.
78D
-in g (doing/playing/going etc.)
a m /is/a re + -ing (present
continuous) 3 -4 , 23A, 26,
50C
w as/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 23A, 50C
-ing and infinitive (do/doing etc.)
50-51
verbs + -ing (enjoy -ing etc.)
51 B -C
go -ing ((;<> sw im m ing etc.) 54D
prepositions + -ing 98D, 105B
in te re s te d (in) 105A
in to 103
irre g u la r v e rb s 11C, 24B,
Appendix 2—3
is sec a m /is /a r e
it 38, 58B
it is and there is 36B, 38A
it ’s and its 59C
its 59
ju s t
ju s t + present perfect 16A
w ord order 93
[297]
INDEX
k in d (kin d to somebody / kin d o f
somebody) 105 A
k n o w (D o yon know where ...? ) 48
le arn (learn to . .. ) 51A
left (on the left) 102 A
len d (lend something to somebody) 95
less 87C
let 52D
like ( W luit is it like?) 45B
like (verb)
would like 3 5 ,5 1 0 , 52A
do you like? and would you like?
35C
like to ... or like -ing 51C
listen (to) 106A
little / a little 83
lo o k
look + adjective (look tired etc.)
84C
look at/for/after 106B
lo t (a lo t o f ...) 82
lo v e 5 1 C -D
m a k e 56
make somebody do something
52D
make and do 56
m any
m any and much 82
not as m any (as) 88B
too m any 91C
m a rrie d
married to 105A
get married 55
m a y 30D
m e /y o u /h im etc. (personal
pronouns) 58, 61
m id d le (in the middle of) 100A,
102A
m ig h t 30
m in d (/ don’t m ind -ing) 51B
m in e /y o u r s /h e rs etc. (possessive
pronouns) 60-61
m o d a l v erb s (w ill/can/m ight etc.)
28-35, 50A
m o r e 86C, 87
m o st
most (of) 80
the most expensive / the most difficult
etc. 89
m uch
much and m any 82
much bigger / much more expensive
87D
not as much (as) 88B
too much 91C
[298]
m u s t 32
m u stn ’t 32C
m ust and should 33E
m ust and have to 34D
m y /y o u r /h is etc. (possessive
adjectives) 59, 61
m y s e lf /y o u r s e lf etc. (reflexive
pronouns) 62
n ee d
needn’t 32D
need to ... 51A
n e g a tiv e s 42
negative questions 43C
no and none 76
not + any 76—7?
n e ith e r
N either am I / N either do 1 etc.
41B
neither (of) 81
never
never + present simple 5C
never + present perfect 17
w ord order 93
n e x t to 102A
n ic e (nice to somebody / nice o f
somebody) 105A
n o (no m oney / no friends etc.)
76A -B , 80A
n o b o d y /n o - o n e / n o th in g 77-78
no-one and none 76C
n o n e 76 B -C , 80 B -C
n o r (N o r am I / N o r do I etc.) 41B
n o u n s (countable and uncountable)
66-67
n o w h e re 78
of
the roof o f the building etc. 63C
th e ..', o f . . . 7 2 E
o f f 103
get o ff / turn o ff etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-108, Appendix 6
o ffe r (to do something) 51A
o fte n
often + present simple 5C
w ord order 93
on
on M onday / on 2 5 A p ril etc. 96
on the table / on the wall 99-100
on the left/right 102 A
on holiday / on television etc. 104A
go on (h o lid a y /a trip etc.) 54B
get on /p u t on etc. (phrasal verbs)
107—108, Appendix 6 -7
o n e /o n e s 74
o p p o s ite 102B
o r 109B
o u g h t to 33F
o u r 59, 61
o u rs 60—61
o u rselv e s 62
out
out o f 103
go out / p>ut out etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-108, Appendix 6 -7
o v e r 103
climb over / knock over (phrasal
verbs) 107—108, A ppendix 6 -7
p a ir (a pair o f . . . ) 65B
p assiv e 21-22, 23B, Appendix 1
present simple (is done) and past
simple (was done) 21
present continuous (is being done)
and present perfect (has been
done) 22
w ill/ca n /m u st (etc.) be done
Appendix 1.2
p a st (preposition) 103
p a s t c o n tin u o u s (w as/uvre + -ing)
13-14, 23A, 50C
past continuous (/ was doing) and
past simple (I did) 14
past continuous passive
Appendix 1.1
p a s t p a rtic ip le (cleaned/done/seen
etc.) 24A
present perfect (/ have cleaned) 15,
23 C
passive (the room was cleaned)
21-22, 23B, A ppendix 1
regular (cleaned) and irregular (seen)
24B, Appendix 2—3
p a s t p e rfe c t .
H e said lie had (done something) 49
active and passive A ppendix 1.1
p a s t sim p le (did/cleaned/saw etc.)
11-12
negative (d id n ’t ...) 12, 4213
questions (did ...? ) 12, 43B
was /were 10
regular (cleaned) and irregular verbs
(saw) 11C , A ppendix 2 -3
past simple + ago 19B
past simple (I did) and present
perfect (I have done) 20
past simple (I did) and past
continuous (I was doing) 14
past simple passive (the room was
cleaned) 21, 23B, A ppendix 1.1
i f + past simple ( if 1 had / i f we
went) 112
p e o p le 65 C—D
p e rso n a l p ro n o u n s (I/m e /y o u etc.)
58, 61
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX
p ersu a d e (persuade somebody to . .. )
52B
ph rasal v erb s (qet up / p u t on ctc.)
107-108, Appendix 6-7
plural (cup —¥ cups / man —> m en etc.)
65
p o lice (plural) 651)
possessive ad jec tiv e s (my/your/his
etc.) 59,61
possessive p r o n o u n s
(m ine/yours/his etc.) 60-61
p refer 5 1 C -D
p re p o sitio n s 96-106
at /on /in (time) 96
for/since 19, 97
until 97A—B
before/after/dtiring/whHe 98
in /a t/o n (places) 99—100
to /in /a t (places) 101
on 9 6 ,9 9 -1 0 0 , 102A, 104A
at 96, 99-101, 10413
under /behind /opposite etc.
(position) 102
up/over/through etc. (movement)
103
by 102C, 104C
w ith/w ithout 104D, 10513
about 104E
prepositions + -ing (in -ing /
without -ing ctc.) 98D, 10513
adjective + prepositions (afraid o f
etc.) 105 A
verb + preposition (listen to / wait
fo r etc.) 106
prepositions at the end (W h o is she
talking to?) 45
prepositions in relative clauses (the
man she is talking to) I 1413
p rese n t c o n tin u o u s (a m /is/a re
+ -ing) 3-4, 23A, 50C
negative (I'm not -ing) 3
questions (are you -ing?) 4
present continuous (/ am doing)
and present simple (/ do) 8
present continuous passive 22A,
Appendix 1.1
present continuous for the future
(W h a t are you doing tomorrow?)
26
p rese n t p e rfe c t (/ have done) 15-20,
23C
present perfect + ju s t 16A
present perfect + already 16B
present perfect + yet 16C, 94B
H ave you ever . ..? 17
gone and been 17C
H o w long have you . ..? 18
present perfect + for/since 18-19
present perfect continuous (/ have
been -ing) 18B
present perfect (/ have done) and
past simple (I did) 20
present perfect passive 2213,
Appendix 1 .1
regular and irregular verbs 1.513,
24, Appendix 2—3
p re s e n t sim p le (/ work / she works
etc.) 5-7 , 23D
negative (don’t/d o e sn ’t) 6, 42B
questions (do/does ...? ) 7, 43B
present simple + a lw a ys/u su a lly /
never etc. 5C
present simple (/ do) and present
continuous (/ am doing) 8
present simple passive (the room
is cleaned) 21, 23B,
Appendix 1.1
present simple for the future (T h e
concert starts at 7 .3 0 .) 26C
present simple after w hen /w h ile etc.
110B
present simple after if 11 IB
p ro m is e (promise to ...) 5 1A
p ro n o u n s
personal pronouns (I/m e /y o u etc.)
58, 61
possessive pronouns (m ine/yours
etc.) 60-61
reflexive pronouns (m yself/yourself
ctc.) 62
one/ones 74
relative pronouns (w ho/w hich/that)
113-114
put
p u t som ething in . . . 103
p m on / p u t out etc. (phrasal verbs)
108, Appendix 7
q u e s tio n s 43-46
am /is /are . ..? 2
do /does ...? (present simple) 7, 4313
did . .. ? (past simple) 12, 43B
W h y d o n ’t . . . ? / W h y isn’t . ..? etc.
43C
W ho saw you? / W ho did you see?
44
preposition at the end (W h o is she
talking to?) 45
W h a t / W hich / H o w . .. ?
46
H o w long does it take? 47
D o you know where . .. ? (embedded
questions) 48
reply questions (H ave you? / A re
you? etc.) 40A
question tags (... do you? / ... isn ’t
it? etc.) 40B
The num bers are u n it num bers (not page num bers).
reflex iv e p ro n o u n s (m yself/yourself
ctc.) 62
re g u la r a n d irre g u la r v erb s 11,
24, Appendix 2 -3
re la tiv e clau ses 113—114
re la tiv e p ro n o u n s (w ho/w hich/that)
113-114
rep ly q u e s tio n s (H ave you? / Are
you?) 40A
r e p o r te d sp e ec h
H e said t h a t . . . / l i e told me that ...
49
H e told me to . .. 52C
rig h t (on the right) 102A
r o u n d 103
turn round / show round (phrasal
verbs) 107-108, A ppendix 7
’s (ap o stro p h e’s) 63, Appendix 4.5
sa m e 69B, 88E
sa y /sa id
l ie said t h a t . .. (reported speech)
49
say a n d tell 49B
shall 28D , 29C
s h o rt fo rm s ( I ’m / i t ’s / you've etc.)
Appendix 4
s h o u ld 33
sim p le p a st see p a st sim p le
sim p le present, see p re s e n t sim p le
sin c c 19A, 97C
s in g u la r an d p lu ra l (flower —>
flowers) 65
so
so am I / so do /e tc . 41B
I was tired, so I went to bed. 109
so m e
some and a /a n 66—67
some and any 75
some (of) 80
s o m e b o d y /s o m e o n e /s o m e th in g /
so m e w h e re 75, 78
s o m e tim e s
sometimes + present simple 5C
w ord order 93
so rry (sorry about and sorryfor) 105A
sp e ak (to) 106A
sp e llin g A ppendix 5
sta rt (start to . .. and start -ing) 51C
still 94
w ord order 93
sto p (stop -ing) 5 1B
s u g g e s t (suggest-ing) 51B
su p e rla tiv e (the biggest / the most
expensive etc.) 89
tag s (question tags) 40B
ta k e (I low long does it take?) 47
INDEX
talk (to) 106A
tell/told
H e told me that ... 49
tell and say 49B
C an you tell me where . ..? 48A
H e told me to ... 52B
tenses
active and passive A ppendix 1.1
present continuous (I am doing)
3 -4 , 23A, 26, 50C
present simple (1 do) 5-7, 23D,
26C
past simple (1 did ) 11—12,14, 20,
23 D
past continuous (1 was doing)
13-14, 23A, 50C
present perfect (/ have done)
15-20, 23C
b e/h a ve/d o in present and past
tenses 23
than 87-88
that 73
H e said that ... (reported speech)
49C
that and this 73
a thing t h a t ... (relative clauses)
113
the 68—72
the and a /a n 68
the same 69B
the sun / the sk y etc. 69C
the cinema / the theatre / the bank
etc. 70B
flowers / the flowers 7 IB
the in names o f places 72
the biggest / the most expensive etc.
89"
their 59, 61
theirs 60, 61
them 58, 61
themselves 62
there
there is/are 36
there was /were 37 A
there has/have been 37B
there will be 37C
there is and it is 36B
these 73
think (ithink about
this 73
those 73
through 103
till (= until) 97B
to
(togo / to be etc.) see
when 110
when and i f 111 C
w hether 48C
which
too and either 41A
(turn round / turn on etc.)
turn
W hich
W hich
Which
a thing
(phrasal verbs) 107—108,
Appendix 7
uncountable nouns
. .. ? 46
. . . ? and W h a t . ..? 46C
one/ones? 74B
which . .. (relative clauses)
113
while 98, 110
who
(salt/w ater/m usic etc.) 66-67
under 102D .103
until 97A -B , HOB
up 103
W ho ... ? 44
a person who . .. (relative clauses)
get up / pick up etc. (phrasal verbs)
113
whose (W hose
will 28-29
107—108, A ppendix 6 -7
us 58, 61
used (I used to ...) 25
is this?) 6 0 0
will and shall 2 8 0 , 29C
w o n ’t 28A
there w ill be 37C
usually
usually + present simple 5C
w ord order 93
w ith/w ithout 1 0 4 0
w ith /w ith o u t + -ing 105B
verbs
present tenses 1-9, 23, 26
past tenses 10—14, 20, 23
present perfect 15-20, 23
passive 21-22, Appendix 1
regular and irregular verbs 24,
Appendix 2—3
future 26-29
modal verbs (w ill/can/should etc.)
28-35, 50A
negatives 42
questions 43-46
reported specch 49
verbs + -ing 50—5 I
verbs + to . . . (infinitive) 50—52
verbs + preposition (look at / speak
to e tc .) 106
phrasal verbs (get up / p u t on etc.)
107-108, Appendix 6 -7
wait (for) 53C, 106A
w ant
w on’t (= will not) 28A
w ord order
questions 43-45
present continuous questions
4B
present simple questions 7B
past simple questions 1 2 0
passive 21—22
Do you know where ...? (embedded
questions) 48.
verb + object 92A
place and tim e 92B
always /usually /often etc. 93
after g ive /le n d /send etc. 95
worse 8 6 0
w orst 89B
would
I'd like / would you like? 35
would like /lo v e / etc. 5 1 0
H e would buy a car i f he had the
m oney. 112
write (to) 106A
w ant to . .. 5 IA
w ant somebody to . . . 52A
yet 94
w as/w ere 10
yet + present perfect 16C
uuis/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 23A, 50C
/ think of) 106A
time 97A
places 101,103
g o t o . . . 54A, 101A
g et to ... 55C, 101C
1300]
to + infinitive
infinitive
too 91
was /were done (passive) 21, 23B
there w as/were 37 A
i f I was /were . .. 112B
you 58, 61
your 59, 61
yours 60-61
yourself/yourselves 62
well 8 5 0
were see was
what
W h a t . .. ? and W ho . ..? 44C
W h a t . .. like? 45B
W h a t .. .? 46
W h a t . ..? and W hich . ..? 46C
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
Essential Grammar in Use
With answers • Second Edition
A self-study reference and practice book fo r elem entary students.
Essential Grammar in.Use is a grammar reference and practice book
fo r elem entary learners. Modelled on Raymond M urphy’s highly
successful interm ediate level English Grammar in Use, it concentrates
on areas o f grammar norm ally ta u g h t a t elem entary level.
• Easy to use: on each left-hand page a grammar p o in t is explained
and on the facing pages there are exercises to check understanding.
• Clear explanations: grammar fo r elem entary learners is explained in
simple language w ith many examples and a ttractive illustrations.
• Accessible: the clear contents list and index o f grammatical items
make it easy fo r learners to select the units they need to study.
• Additional exercises: these o ffe r extra practice o f grammar points
fro m d iffe re n t units.
• Appendices: these useful references deal w ith tenses, irregular
verbs, short form s, spelling and phrasal verbs.
• Self-study: th e book can be used by learners w orking independently
or as supplem entary course material.
• Key: this contains the answers to all exercises.