Handout Resumen del subjuntivo DEL MIERCOLES 19/5

Español III
U7P1
Subjuntivo—resumen
Nombre ___________________________
Fecha
___________________________
I. Many subjunctive sentences follow this formula (the “diamond” formula):
Expression of influence
Expression of emotion + que +
Impersonal expression
Expression of doubt
new subject
+
SUBJUNCTIVE
Queremos que tú estudies más.
Me alegro de que Uds. reciban el premio.
Es bueno que mis amigos me llamen.
Dudamos que la presentación sea larga.
II. Here are the introductory expressions you are responsible for that require the subjunctive:
Expressions of emotion:
alegrarse—to be glad
Ojalá (not a verb)—I hope
sentir (ie)—to be sorry/regret
(Me) preocupa—It worries me
temer—to be afraid/fear
Expressions of influence:
dejar—to allow/let/permit
suplicar—to ask/beg
permitir—to allow/let/permit
exigir (exijo)—to demand/require
aconsejar—to advise
querer (ie)—to want
rogar (ue)—to beg
pedir (i)—to ask
decir (i)*—to say/tell
tener (ie) miedo—to be afraid
(Me) sorprende—It surprises me
(Me) molesta—It bothers me
estar + adj. of emotion (enojado, triste, etc.)
oponerse a (opongo)—to oppose
esperar—to hope
sugerir (ie)—to suggest
prohibir—to forbid/prohibit
mandar—to order/command
insistir en—to insist
desear—to wish/want
recomendar (ie)—to recommend
escribir*—to write
*when telling someone what to do, NOT when stating a fact:
Papá dice que soy alto.
Papá dice que limpies tu cuarto.
Impersonal expressions:
Es bueno—It’s good
Es peligroso—It’s dangerous
Es (una) lástima—It’s a shame
Es mejor—It’s better
Es ridículo—It’s ridiculous
Es necesario—It’s necessary
Es triste—It’s sad
Es malo—It’s bad
Es raro—It’s strange/odd/rare
Es importante—It’s important
Es posible—It’s possible
Es lógico—It’s logical
Es probable—It’s probable
PLUS…any other Es + adjective expression that
expresses an opinion
Expressions of doubt:
no saber—to not know
no creer—to not think/believe
no pensar—to not think/believe
no opinar—to not think/be of the opinion
dudar—to doubt
no estar seguro (de)—to not be sure
no es verdad—it’s not true
no es cierto—it’s not true
no es seguro—it’s not sure
es dudoso—it’s doubtful
negar (ie)—to deny
(no) es posible—it’s (not) possible
(no) es probable—it’s (not) probable (no) es imposible—it’s (not) impossible
(no) es improbable—it’s not improbable
Tal vez, quizás (maybe, perhaps)—when significant doubt is present (doesn’t follow formula):
Tal vez no pueda encontrar sus llaves.
III. When expressions of certainty introduce a statement, they are followed by INDICATIVE:
Es verdad que no me gustan los perros.
Sabemos que los chicos son buenos amigos.
The formula for this sort of sentence is:
Expression of certainty + que + new subject + INDICATIVE
Expressions of certainty:
saber—to know
pensar—to think/believe
no dudar—to not doubt
es verdad—it’s true
es seguro—it’s sure
no negar (ie)—to not deny
creer—to think/believe
opinar—to think, be of the opinion
estar seguro (de)—to be sure
es cierto—it’s true
no es dudoso—it’s not doubtful
IV. We have studied one use of subjunctive so far that does not follow the “diamond” structure:
subjunctive vs. indicative in adjective clauses. An adjective clause is a string of words
that contains a conjugated verb and that acts as an adjective. If the adjective clause
refers to a definite person, place or thing, indicative is used after the que; if the noun
being described is non-specific, use subjunctive. Remember that sentences of denial
(which often contain negative words) also use the subjunctive.
El hombre que habla ahora es mi tío.
Busco un secretario que sepa español.
No conocemos a ningún médico que visite a sus pacientes en casa.