Cap 31- Mecanismos de estabilización y resiliencia de la vegetación

Anuncio
Impactos y Vulnerabilidad
F. Lloret1,2*, A. Escudero3, J.M. Iriondo3, J. Martínez-Vilalta1,2, F. Valladares4
1
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, España
2
Unitat d’Ecologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, España
3Unidad de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
4
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Madrid, España
*Correo electrónico: [email protected]
31
Mecanismos de estabilización y resiliencia de la vegetación
frente a eventos climáticos extremos
Resultados clave
‡ (O LQFUHPHQWR GH ORV HSLVRGLRV FOLPiWLFRV H[WUHPRV
SDUWLFXODUPHQWH GH VHTXtD SXHGH FRQWULEXLU DO
GHFDLPLHQWRGHODYHJHWDFLyQRFDVLRQDQGRXQDPRUWDOLGDG
VLJQL¿FDWLYD\SXGLHQGRSURYRFDUXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGH
ORVHFRVLVWHPDVDIHFWDGRV
‡ ([LVWHQ PHFDQLVPRV TXH SXHGHQ HVWDELOL]DU ODV
SREODFLRQHV YHJHWDOHV \ GRWDUODV GH UHVLOLHQFLD DQWH
HYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRV6HWUDWDUtDGHDTXHOORVTXH
PLQLPL]DQODPRUWDOLGDGLGRQHLGDGGHOKiELWDWWROHUDQFLD
¿VLROyJLFD SODVWLFLGDG \ YDULDELOLGDG IHQRWtSLFD
\R DXPHQWDQ HO FUHFLPLHQWR GH ORV VXSHUYLYLHQWHV
R PD[LPL]DQ OD UHJHQHUDFLyQ PHMRUHV FRQGLFLRQHV
GH KiELWDW GLVPLQXFLyQ GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD \ GH ODV
LQWHUDFFLRQHV DQWDJRQLVWDV DXPHQWR GH OD IDFLOLWDFLyQ \
GHODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVPXWXDOLVWDV
‡/DVSUiFWLFDVGHJHVWLyQTXHSRWHQFLHQORVPHFDQLVPRV
GHHVWDELOL]DFLyQSHUPLWLUtDQLQFUHPHQWDUODUHVLOLHQFLDGH
ORVHFRVLVWHPDV
‡ 6LQ HPEDUJR OD UHVLOLHQFLD IUHQWH D HYHQWRV H[WUHPRV
QR HV LOLPLWDGD \ OD SURSLD WHQGHQFLD FOLPiWLFD D XQD
PD\RU DULGH] OD UHFXUUHQFLD GH HVWRV HSLVRGLRV \ OD
LQWHUDFFLyQFRQRWURVIDFWRUHVFRPRSODJDVHLQFHQGLRV
SXHGHFRQGXFLUDWUDVSDVDUORVOtPLWHVGHWROHUDQFLDGHODV
HVSHFLHVSURYRFDQGRFDPELRVUiSLGRVHQORVHFRVLVWHPDV
Contexto
(Q ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV OD FRPXQLGDG FLHQWt¿FD
KD SXHVWR GH UHOLHYH OD H[LVWHQFLD GH IHQyPHQRV GH
GHFDLPLHQWR GH OD YHJHWDFLyQ HQ GLIHUHQWHV HFRVLVWHPDV
GHO PXQGR LQFOX\HQGR ORV ERVTXHV GH (VSDxD TXH
SXHGHQOOHJDUDDIHFWDUVXSHU¿FLHVH[WHQVDV$OOHQHWDO
0DUWtQH]9LODOWDHWDO(VWHGHFDLPLHQWRVH
FDUDFWHUL]DSRUODGHFRORUDFLyQGHODVKRMDVGHIROLDFLyQ
GLVPLQXFLyQ GHO FUHFLPLHQWR \ HYHQWXDO PXHUWH GH ORV
iUEROHV $XQTXH KD VLGR UHJLVWUDGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ
ERVTXHVORVPDWRUUDOHV\IRUPDFLRQHVDUERODGDVDELHUWDV
VRQ WDPELpQ VXVFHSWLEOHV DO IHQyPHQR 6XV FDXVDV VRQ
P~OWLSOHV SHULRGRV FRQ SUHFLSLWDFLRQHV DQRUPDOPHQWH
EDMDV RODV GH FDORU R IUtR GLVSRQLELOLGDG KtGULFD GH ORV
VXHORVUHGXFLGDDWDTXHSRUSDWyJHQRVKLVWRULDGHJHVWLyQ
\HVWUXFWXUDGHODPDVDIRUHVWDOHQWUHRWUDV'HHQWUHHVWDV
FDXVDVHOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRMXHJDXQSDSHOIXQGDPHQWDO
\D TXH pVWH FRPSRUWD HQ OD UHJLyQ PHGLWHUUiQHD XQ
LQFUHPHQWRSURJUHVLYRGHODDULGH]DVtFRPRXQDPD\RU
YDULDELOLGDGHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDVTXHLPSOLFDXQD
PD\RU UHFXUUHQFLD GH HYHQWRV H[WUHPRV (VWD WHQGHQFLD
VHUHÀHMDHQDQRPDOtDVFOLPiWLFDVTXHLPSOLFDQSHULRGRV
SURORQJDGRVGHLQWHQVDVHTXtD'HOOD0DUWDHWDO
/D DSDULFLyQ GH XQD GHIROLDFLyQ PDVLYD TXH D
PHQXGR VH FRUUHVSRQGH FRQ XQD LPSRUWDQWH PRUWDOLGDG
GHORViUEROHVSRUHMHPSORYDQ0DQWJHPHWDO
LQGXFH D SHQVDU HQ XQ SRVLEOH UHHPSOD]DPLHQWR GH
ODV HVSHFLHV TXH DFWXDOPHQWH GRPLQDQ HO GRVHO (V
ELHQ FRQRFLGR TXH ODV SHUWXUEDFLRQHV TXH FRPSRUWDQ
PRUWDOLGDG GH ORV LQGLYLGXRV HVWDEOHFLGRV DEUH XQD
RSRUWXQLGDG GH HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR D RWUDV HVSHFLHV TXH
HYHQWXDOPHQWHORVSXHGHQUHHPSOD]DU(QXQFRQWH[WRGH
FDPELR FOLPiWLFR VH SXHGH DUJXPHQWDU TXH ODV HVSHFLHV
UHHPSOD]DQWHV HVWDUtDQ PiV DGDSWDGDV D ODV QXHYDV
FRQGLFLRQHV FOLPiWLFDV /RV HVWXGLRV VREUH OD GLQiPLFD
IRUHVWDO DVRFLDGD D HVWRV HSLVRGLRV GH GHFDLPLHQWR VRQ
WRGDYtDHVFDVRVYDQ0DQWJHP6WHSKHQVRQSHUR
HO GHFDLPLHQWR QR YD DFRPSDxDGR QHFHVDULDPHQWH SRU
XQDVXEVWLWXFLyQGHHVSHFLHV/ORUHWHWDO$GHPiV
QRWRGDVODVPDVDVIRUHVWDOHVVRQLJXDOPHQWHYXOQHUDEOHV
D HVWRV HSLVRGLRV FOLPiWLFRV (VWDV REVHUYDFLRQHV
DSR\DQODLGHDGHTXHH[LVWHQPHFDQLVPRVTXHSHUPLWHQ
HVWDELOL]DU ODV SREODFLRQHV IRUHVWDOHV D FRUWR R PHGLR
369
SOD]RGRWiQGRODVGHXQDFLHUWDUHVLOLHQFLDLHFDSDFLGDG
GH UHFXSHUDU OD IXQFLyQ \ HVWUXFWXUD GHVSXpV GH XQD
SHUWXUEDFLyQDQWHHYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRVDOPHQRV
GHQWURGHXQRVFLHUWRVPiUJHQHV
'HVGH XQ SXQWR GH YLVWD GHPRJUi¿FR DTXHOORV
SURFHVRVTXHPLQLPLFHQODPRUWDOLGDGRTXHLQFUHPHQWHQ
HOUHFOXWDPLHQWRHQUHODFLyQDHVWRVHSLVRGLRVFOLPiWLFRV
FRQWULEXLUiQ D OD UHVLOLHQFLD GH ODV SREODFLRQHV /ORUHW
HW DO 3RU WDQWR OD GLIHUHQWH UHVSXHVWD GH ODV
HVSHFLHV D HVWRV SURFHVRV GHPRJUi¿FRV GHWHUPLQDUi HO
UHHPSOD]DPLHQWRGHODVHVSHFLHV\¿QDOPHQWHHOFDPELR
GH ODV FRPXQLGDGHV YHJHWDOHV \ HQ SDUWLFXODU GH ORV
ERVTXHV
(QWUHORVSURFHVRVFRQFDSDFLGDGSDUDPLWLJDUOD
PRUWDOLGDGDVRFLDGDDHYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRVFDEH
GHVWDFDU7DEOD
,GRQHLGDG GHO KiELWDW FX\D YDULDELOLGDG HVSDFLDO
SURPXHYH XQ PRVDLFR GH UHVSXHVWDV D QLYHO GH
SDLVDMH \ GH ORFDOLGDG $ PHQXGR HVWi DVRFLDGD D
VXEVWUDWRV HGi¿FRV TXH PRGXODQ OD GLVSRQLELOLGDG
GH DJXD HQ ORV SHULRGRV GH Pi[LPR Gp¿FLW KtGULFR
/ORUHWHWDO
7ROHUDQFLD GH ORV RUJDQLVPRV DO HVWUpV FOLPiWLFR
(VWD WROHUDQFLD SXHGH VHU GHELGD D DGDSWDFLRQHV
ORFDOHV R D OD FRH[LVWHQFLD GH P~OWLSOHV JHQRWLSRV
FRQGLIHUHQWHVQLYHOHVGHWROHUDQFLD3RUWDQWRQRHV
UDURTXHHVWDWROHUDQFLDVHDDOWDHQSREODFLRQHVTXH
YLYHQHQHOOtPLWHELRFOLPiWLFRGHODGLVWULEXFLyQGH
ODHVSHFLHVLELHQHVWDVSREODFLRQHVSXHGHQSUHVHQWDU
WDPELpQXQDPD\RUYXOQHUDELOLGDGGHELGRDXQDEDMD
YDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFD+DPSH3HWLW
/DSODVWLFLGDGIHQRWtSLFDGHWHUPLQDODFDSDFLGDGGH
ODVSODQWDVSDUDPRGL¿FDUVXIRUPD\IXQFLyQFRPR
UHVSXHVWDDORVFDPELRVDPELHQWDOHV\HQSDUWLFXODU
DORVFOLPiWLFRV1LFRWUDHWDO
9DULDELOLGDG IHQRWtSLFD GHQWUR GH ODV SREODFLRQHV
TXHSXHGHGHEHUVHSRUHMHPSORDODFRH[LVWHQFLDGH
LQGLYLGXRVGHGLIHUHQWHHGDG(QJHQHUDOORViUEROHV
DGXOWRV VRQ PiV UHVLVWHQWHV D ORV HYHQWRV H[WUHPRV
TXH ORV MXYHQLOHV DXQTXH HVWD UHVLVWHQFLD SXHGH
YHUVH FRPSURPHWLGD HQ iUEROHV PiV YLHMRV /ORUHW
HWDO3RURWURODGRODYDULDELOLGDGIHQRWtSLFD
SXHGHVHUPHQRUHQSREODFLRQHVVXMHWDVDLPSRUWDQWHV
FRQVWULFFLRQHV DPELHQWDOHV FRPR ODV TXH VH GDQ
HQ ORV OtPLWHV ELRFOLPiWLFRV GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH ODV
HVSHFLHV*LPpQH]%HQDYLGHVHWDO
)DFLOLWDFLyQ HQWUH LQGLYLGXRV GH GLIHUHQWH HVSHFLHV
GHELGRDODSURYLVLyQGHPLFURDPELHQWHVTXHDWHQ~DQ
ORV HIHFWRV QHJDWLYRV GH ORV HYHQWRV FOLPiWLFRV
H[WUHPRV$PHQXGRLPSOLFDIRUPDVGHFUHFLPLHQWR
RHVWDGRVGHOFLFORYLWDOGLIHUHQWHV
$XQTXH HO HYHQWR FOLPiWLFR SXHGH FRPSRUWDU OD
PRUWDOLGDG GH LQGLYLGXRV H[LVWHQ XQD VHULH GH SURFHVRV
TXH SXHGHQ FRPSHQVDU HVWD PRUWDOLGDG D PHGLR SOD]R
\D VHD IDYRUHFLHQGR D ORV LQGLYLGXRV VXSHUYLYLHQWHV
R D ORV QXHYRV LQGLYLGXRV TXH UHFOXWDQ 6LQ HPEDUJR
OD HIHFWLYLGDG D ODUJR SOD]R GH ORV PHFDQLVPRV TXH
IDYRUHFHQHOUHFOXWDPLHQWRHVLQFLHUWD\DTXHGHSHQGHGH
ODVXSHUYLYHQFLD\FUHFLPLHQWRGHORVQXHYRVLQGLYLGXRV
HQORVDxRVVLJXLHQWHV3RGHPRVPHQFLRQDUORVVLJXLHQWHV
SURFHVRVFRPSHQVDWRULRV
(IHFWRSRVLWLYRGHODVQXHYDVFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDV
SDUD HO FUHFLPLHQWR GH ORV LQGLYLGXRV DGXOWRV
VXSHUYLYLHQWHVFRPSHQVDQGRODPRUWDOLGDGDVRFLDGD
DOHYHQWR(VWDVLWXDFLyQVHGDUtDHQORFDOLGDGHVHQ
ODV TXH ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV OLPLWHQ HO FUHFLPLHQWR
FRPRHQDOJXQDV]RQDVGHFOLPDVXSUDPHGLWHUUiQHR
HXURVLEHULDQRRVXEDOSLQR
'LVPLQXFLyQ GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD GHELGR D TXH
OD PRUWDOLGDG DVRFLDGD DO HYHQWR UHSUHVHQWD
XQD GLVPLQXFLyQ GH OD GHQVLGDG \ XQD PD\RU
GLVSRQLELOLGDG GH UHFXUVRV 6H KD YLVWR TXH ODV
SREODFLRQHV PiV GHQVDV VRQ PiV YXOQHUDEOHV
D OD VHTXtD 9LOj&DEUHUD HW DO \ TXH ORV
iUEROHV VXSHUYLYLHQWHV GH HVWDV SREODFLRQHV FUHFHQ
PiV GHVSXpV GH HYHQWRV GH PRUWDOLGDG 6XiUH]
.LW]EHUJHU 7DPELpQ VH KD FRPSUREDGR
TXH ORV WUDWDPLHQWRV VLOYtFRODV TXH UHGXFHQ OD
GHQVLGDG GH SLHV SURSRUFLRQDQ PD\RU UHVLOLHQFLD
HQ HO FUHFLPLHQWR SRVWHULRU D HYHQWRV GH VHTXtD
.RKOHUHWDO6LQHPEDUJRHVWHHIHFWRSXHGH
YHUVH OLPLWDGR SRU XQD UHVSXHVWD ¿VLROyJLFD GH ORV
Tabla 1.0HFDQLVPRVGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQIUHQWHDHYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRV(VWRVPHFDQLVPRVDFWXDUtDQPLWLJDQGRODPRUWDOLGDGDVRFLDGDD
ORVHYHQWRVH[WUHPRVRFRPSHQViQGRODSRVWHULRUPHQWHIDYRUHFLHQGRHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVVXSHUYLYLHQWHVRHOUHFOXWDPLHQWRGHQXHYRVLQGLYLGXRV
3XHGHQGHEHUVHDFDPELRVHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVDELyWLFDVDUHVSXHVWDVSREODFLRQDOHVRDLQWHUDFFLRQHVDHVFDODGHFRPXQLGDGDGDSWDGRGH/ORUHWHWDO
Mitigación de la mortalidad
Compensación
de la mortalidad aumentando
la supervivencia futura
Compensación de la mortalidad
aumentando el reclutamiento
370
Cambios abióticos
Respuestas
poblacionales
Interacciones
en la comunidad
Calidad de estación
Tolerancia al estrés
Plasticidad fenotípica
Variabilidad fenotípica
Facilitación
Efecto positivo del
nuevo clima en el crecimiento
y supervivencia
Disminución
de la competencia
Disminución
de antagonismos
Efecto positivo del nuevo
clima en el reclutamiento
Relajación de la competencia
en el reclutamiento
Favorecimiento
de los mutualismos
Fortalecimiento de
redes de interacciones
Figura 1
A
B
Figura 1$(MHPSODUHVGHPinus sylvestrisPXHUWRVHQORVHYHQWRVGHFDORU\VHTXtDGHORVDxRV\6LHUUDGH*XDGDUUDPD0DGULG
% 0DWRUUDO PHGLWHUUiQHR DIHFWDGR SRU XQ HSLVRGLR GH VHTXtD \ IUtR HQ HO DxR KLGUROyJLFR 3DUTXH 1DFLRQDO GH 'RxDQD $QGDOXFtD
)XHQWH)HUQDQGR9DOODGDUHV$\)UDQFLVFR/ORUHW%
VXSHUYLYLHQWHVTXHLPSOLTXHXQPD\RUXVRSHUFiSLWD
GHORVUHFXUVRVKtGULFRV0F'RZHOOHWDO
'LVPLQXFLyQ GH ORV HIHFWRV DQWDJRQLVWDV GH RWUDV
HVSHFLHV FRPR ¿WyIDJRV \ SDWyJHQRV $XQTXH HQ
JHQHUDO VH FRQVLGHUD TXH XQ LQFUHPHQWR JOREDO GH
ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV DXPHQWDUi OD DFWLYLGDG GH HVWDV
HVSHFLHVODYDULDELOLGDGFOLPiWLFD\HQSDUWLFXODUORV
HYHQWRVH[WUHPRVSXHGHQWHQHUHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVHQ
VXVSREODFLRQHV&DUQLFHUHWDO
,QFUHPHQWR GHO UHFOXWDPLHQWR GH LQGLYLGXRV
IDYRUHFLGRSRUODVQXHYDVFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDV\R
SRUHODXPHQWRGHUHFXUVRVUHVXOWDQWHGHODSpUGLGD
GH ELRPDVD GH ORV DGXOWRV /D WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GHO
PHGLR GHELGD D OD PRUWDOLGDG DVRFLDGD DO HYHQWR
SXHGH DFWXDU FRPR XQD SHUWXUEDFLyQ \ SHUPLWLU
XQD YHQWDQD GH RSRUWXQLGDG SDUD HO UHFOXWDPLHQWR
SRU HMHPSOR DO DEULU FODURV HQ HO GRVHO GHO ERVTXH
6XiUH] .LW]EHUJHU (VWH UHFOXWDPLHQWR
FRPSHQVDUtD D PHGLR SOD]R OD PRUWDOLGDG GH ORV
DGXOWRVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOHYHQWR'HKHFKRHO
371
UHFOXWDPLHQWRVXHOHSURGXFLUVHGHIRUPDHSLVyGLFD
\HOLQFUHPHQWRGHODYDULDELOLGDGFOLPiWLFDSRGUtD
IDYRUHFHHVWRVSURFHVRV0DWtDVHWDO
)DYRUHFLPLHQWR GH ODV LQWHUDFFLRQHV PXWXDOLVWDV
LPSOLFDGDV HQ HO UHFOXWDPLHQWR FRPR VRQ OD
SROLQL]DFLyQ \ OD GLVSHUVLyQ (VWH SURFHVR SXHGH
GDUVHVLODVQXHYDVFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDVIDYRUHFHQ
D SROLQL]DGRUHV R GLVSHUVRUHV \D VHD GH IRUPD
GLUHFWDRWUDYpVGHRWUDVHVSHFLHVTXHFRQWUROHQVXV
SREODFLRQHV/H&RQWH1DYDMDV*LPHQH]
%HQDYLGHVHWDO
)RUWDOHFLPLHQWR GH ODV UHGHV GH LQWHUDFFLRQHV
1XHVWUR FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD UHVSXHVWD GH ODV
UHGHV GH LQWHUDFFLRQHV D ORV HYHQWRV FOLPiWLFRV
H[WUHPRVHVWRGDYtDOLPLWDGDSHURHOSDWUyQGHODV
LQWHUFRQH[LRQHV \ VX LQWHQVLGDG SRGUtD FRQIHULU
UHVLVWHQFLD\UHVLOLHQFLDDOFRQMXQWRDQWHDOWHUDFLRQHV
V~ELWDVGHOPHGLR2NX\DPD+ROODQG
Resultados y discusión
(Q ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV VH KDQ GRFXPHQWDGR HQ (VSDxD
GLIHUHQWHV HSLVRGLRV GH GHFDLPLHQWR IRUHVWDO DVRFLDGRV
DHYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHGHVHTXtD
)LJXUD 1R GLVSRQHPRV GH HVWXGLRV FRPSDUDWLYRV
H[KDXVWLYRVSHURDOJXQRVSDWURQHVTXHHPHUJHQSXHGHQ
H[SOLFDUVH SRU ORV PHFDQLVPRV GH UHVLOLHQFLD UHIHULGRV
DQWHULRUPHQWH
(OGHFDLPLHQWRDIHFWDDGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHERVTXH
HQFLQDUHV DOFRUQRFDOHV UREOHGDOHV SLQDUHV
GH SLQR DOEDU ODULFLR FDUUDVFR DEHWDOHV HWF \
WDPELpQ D FRPXQLGDGHV DUEXVWLYDV GH PDWRUUDOHV
PHGLWHUUiQHRV MDUDOHV URPHUDOHV PRQWH EODQFR
VDELQDUHV
$OJXQDV HVSHFLHV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH TXHUFtQHDV \
DUEXVWRV GHO PDWRUUDO PHGLWHUUiQHR VRQ FDSDFHV
GH UHFXSHUDU VX FRSD GHVSXpV GH ORV HSLVRGLRV GH
GHFDLPLHQWR6XHOHRFXUULUHQHVSHFLHVDUEyUHDVFRQ
XQDFDSDFLGDGGHUHEURWDUGHODFHSDRGHODFRSD
/ORUHWHWDO*DOLDQRHWDO1RREVWDQWH
HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR ¿VLROyJLFR SXHGH SHUPDQHFHU
DOWHUDGR YDULRV DxRV GHVSXpV GHO HYHQWR 3HxXHODV
HWDOSURSLFLDQGRODYXOQHUDELOLGDGGHHVWRV
LQGLYLGXRVFXDQGRVHUHSLWHQORVHSLVRGLRVGHVHTXtD
H[WUHPD/ORUHWHWDO
(QHVSHFLHVGHOPDWRUUDOHQORVDxRVLQPHGLDWDPHQWH
SRVWHULRUHVDOHYHQWRHOUHFOXWDPLHQWRDXPHQWDHQ
ODV ]RQDV PiV DIHFWDGDV SRU HO GHFDLPLHQWR GHO
&DFKR/ORUHW(VWDVLWXDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGHUtD
DOSURFHVRFRPSHQVDWRULRGHVFULWRDQWHULRUPHQWHHQ
HOTXHODVFRQGLFLRQHVUHVXOWDQWHVGHODGHIROLDFLyQ
IDYRUHFHUtDQHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHQXHYDVFRKRUWHV
1XHVWURFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODUHJHQHUDFLyQHQERVTXHV
DIHFWDGRVSRUGHFDLPLHQWRHVWRGDYtDOLPLWDGRSHUR
HQRFDVLRQHVVHREVHUYDQYHQWDQDVGHRSRUWXQLGDG
SDUDHOUHFOXWDPLHQWRRFDVLRQDGDVSRUODSpUGLGDGHO
GRVHODUEyUHRDXQTXHQRQHFHVDULDPHQWHIDYRUHFHQ
GHIRUPDLQPHGLDWDDODHVSHFLHGRPLQDQWH*DOLDQR
HWDO
(O SDWUyQ HVSDFLDO GHO GHFDLPLHQWR HV FRPSOHMR \
UHÀHMDHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODVGLIHUHQWHVHVSHFLHV
ODGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHDJXDHQHOVXHORODHVWUXFWXUDGH
372
ODVSREODFLRQHV\ODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVLQWHUHVSHFt¿FDV
$PHQXGRHVWHSDWUyQSUHVHQWDIUHQWHVGHGHIROLDFLyQ
GLIXVRV FRPR UHVXOWDGR GH OD YDULDELOLGDG HQ OD
UHVSXHVWD D OD VHTXtD HQWUH LQGLYLGXRV GH XQD
PLVPDSREODFLyQDGLIHUHQFLDGHODVGHIROLDFLRQHV
FDXVDGDV SRU SODJDV TXH VXHOHQ SUHVHQWDU URGDOHV
GH DIHFWDFLyQ ELHQ GH¿QLGRV (VWH SDWUyQ HVSDFLDO
FRPSOHMR LOXVWUDUtD OD FDSDFLGDG GH ORV P~OWLSOHV
SURFHVRV FRPSHQVDWRULRV GHVFULWRV DQWHULRUPHQWH
SDUDRSHUDUFRQGLIHUHQWHVLJQL¿FDFLyQDORODUJRGHO
WHUULWRULR
/DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHO PHGLR HGi¿FR TXH
GHWHUPLQDQODGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHDJXDSRUHMHPSOR
OD SURIXQGLGDG OD WH[WXUD R HO WLSR GH URFD VRQ
IXQGDPHQWDOHV SDUD H[SOLFDU OD UHVSXHVWD D ORV
HYHQWRV GH VHTXtD H[WUHPD /ORUHW HW DO *DOLDQRHWDO&DQGHO3pUH]HWDO
(VWH KHFKR LOXVWUD OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD LGRQHLGDG
GHO KiELWDW GHVFULWD DQWHULRUPHQWH SDUD PLWLJDU OD
PRUWDOLGDGGHORVDGXOWRV
&RQ IUHFXHQFLD VH REVHUYD XQD PD\RU DIHFWDFLyQ
HQ URGDOHV GH PD\RU GHQVLGDG R iUHD EDVDO
HQ FRQFRUGDQFLD FRQ OD KLSyWHVLV GH TXH XQD
GLVPLQXFLyQ GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD SXHGH IDYRUHFHU
OD UHVLOLHQFLD DQWH HYHQWRV H[WUHPRV *DOLDQR HW
DO /LQDUHV HW DO D &DQGHO3pUH] HW DO
6iQFKH]6DOJXHUR HW DO FRPR VH KD
FRPHQWDGRHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRU
/RV HIHFWRV GHO GHFDLPLHQWR SXHGHQ SURGXFLUVH
GXUDQWHYDULRVDxRV&DUQLFHUHWDO&DPDUHUR
HW DO +HUHú HW DO OOHJiQGRVH D
FRQYHUWLUHQXQIHQyPHQRFUyQLFRHQDOJXQDV]RQDV
1R REVWDQWH D PHQXGR VH REVHUYDQ GHIROLDFLRQHV
DVRFLDGDV D SHULRGRV FRQFUHWRV GH VHTXtD /LQDUHV
HWDOGHO&DFKR/ORUHW*DOLDQRHWDO
/RV HYHQWRV FOLPiWLFRV H[WUHPRV WLHQHQ HO
SRWHQFLDO SDUD LQGXFLU FDPELRV SHUVLVWHQWHV HQ ODV
FRPXQLGDGHV YHJHWDOHV GHVHQFDGHQDQGR XQ UHDMXVWH GH
ODGLVWULEXFLyQGHODVHVSHFLHVDODVQXHYDVFRQGLFLRQHV
FOLPiWLFDV(QODSHQtQVXODLEpULFDORVHYHQWRVGHVHTXtD
VRQSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHV\VXFRPELQDFLyQFRQ
RODVGHIUtRRFDVLRQDOHVSXHGHLQFOXVRSURGXFLULPSRUWDQWHV
LPSDFWRV GH GHIROLDFLyQ \ PRUWDOLGDG HQ FRPXQLGDGHV
PHGLWHUUiQHDVGHO&DFKR/ORUHW'HKHFKROD
WHQGHQFLDDXQDXPHQWRGHORVHSLVRGLRVGHVHTXtDVHHVWi
FRQ¿UPDQGR'HOOD0DUWDHWDODODYH]TXHORV
PRGHORVFOLPiWLFRVDSXQWDQDXQPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHHVWD
WHQGHQFLD HQ HO IXWXUR 6iQFKH] HW DO *RQ]iOH]
$SDULFLR+LGDOJR6LQHPEDUJRHOGHFDLPLHQWR
HVXQIHQyPHQRHQHOTXHLQWHUYLHQHQP~OWLSOHVIDFWRUHV
TXHLQWHUDFW~DQHQWUHVt\TXHGHWHUPLQDQORVPHFDQLVPRV
GH UHVLOLHQFLD PHQFLRQDGRV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FOLPiWLFDV
WRSRJUi¿FDV \ HGi¿FDV PDQHMR \ HVWUXFWXUD GHO URGDO
DJHQWHVELyWLFRV\RWUDVSHUWXUEDFLRQHVFRPRLQFHQGLRV
$Vt OD JHVWLyQ UHDOL]DGD HQ ORV ERVTXHV SXHGH
OOHJDUDVHUWDQWRRPiVGHWHUPLQDQWHHQODYXOQHUDELOLGDG
DO GHFDLPLHQWR TXH ORV SDUiPHWURV FOLPiWLFRV FRPR
PXHVWUDQORVHVWXGLRVTXHGHWHFWDQTXHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
HVWUXFWXUDOHVGHORVERVTXHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOPDQHMR
SXHGHQ WHQHU PiV LPSRUWDQFLD HQ OD PRUWDOLGDG \ HO
FUHFLPLHQWR GH ORV iUEROHV TXH ODV YDULDEOHV FOLPiWLFDV
9LOj&DEUHUD HW DO *yPH]$SDULFLR HW DO 9D\UHGDHWDO(VWDVREVHUYDFLRQHVDSXQWDUtDQDTXH
XQFRQWUROGHODGHQVLGDGSXHGHDOLYLDUODVFRQVHFXHQFLDV
QHJDWLYDV HQ HO FUHFLPLHQWR \ OD VXSHUYLYHQFLD
RFDVLRQDGDV SRU XQ DXPHQWR GH ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV \ GH
OD DULGH] 7DPELpQ VH KD REVHUYDGR TXH SREODFLRQHV
GH DEHWR HQ URGDOHV H[SORWDGRV HQ HO SDVDGR SXHGHQ
VHU PiV YXOQHUDEOHV DO GHFDLPLHQWR GHVSXpV GH KDEHU
WHQLGR SXOVRV GH FUHFLPLHQWR DVRFLDGRV D ODV IDVHV GH
H[SORWDFLyQ&DPDUHURHWDO(VWRVGDWRVUHÀHMDQ
HOSRWHQFLDOGHODJHVWLyQDODKRUDGHHQIUHQWDUVHDOUHWR
GHODDGDSWDFLyQDORVQXHYRVHVFHQDULRVFOLPiWLFRV
$XQTXH KD\ PHFDQLVPRV TXH SXHGHQ D\XGDU
DPDQWHQHUODUHVLOLHQFLDGHODVFRPXQLGDGHVYHJHWDOHV
WDPELpQ H[LVWHQ XPEUDOHV GH WROHUDQFLD HFROyJLFD TXH
FRPSURPHWHQHVWDUHVLOLHQFLD\TXHGHWHUPLQDUtDQFDPELRV
GH HVWDGR KDFLD IRUPDFLRQHV PHQRV HVWUXFWXUDGDV GH
PHQRUGHQVLGDGGHiUEROHVRGRPLQDGDVSRUDUEXVWRV\
HVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDV(ODXPHQWRGHODIUHFXHQFLDGHHVWRV
HSLVRGLRVSXHGHVHUGHWHUPLQDQWHHQHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGH
ODUHVLOLHQFLDDOFRPSURPHWHUODUHFXSHUDFLyQ¿VLROyJLFD
GHORVLQGLYLGXRVDGXOWRVVXSHUYLYLHQWHVRGHOUHJHQHUDGR
GHIRUPDVLPLODUDORTXHRFXUUHFRQRWUDVSHUWXUEDFLRQHV
FRPRORVLQFHQGLRV
2WUR HOHPHQWR TXH SXHGH FRPSURPHWHU OD
UHVLOLHQFLD HV OD LQWHUDFFLyQ FRQ RWUDV SHUWXUEDFLRQHV
FRPRODVSURGXFLGDVSRUDWDTXHVSRUSODJDV\SDWyJHQRV
0LHQWUDVTXHHQRWUDVUHJLRQHVGHFOLPDDFWXDOPiVIUtR
FDEHHVSHUDUXQLQFUHPHQWRGHOLPSDFWRQHJDWLYRGHHVWRV
DJHQWHVELyWLFRVDQWDJRQLVWDVEDMRODVQXHYDVFRQGLFLRQHV
FOLPiWLFDV $\UHV /RPEDUGHUR /RJDQ HW DO
HQ ]RQDV PHGLWHUUiQHDV FRQ PHQRU FRQWURO GH
VXVSREODFLRQHVSRUODWHPSHUDWXUDHOLQFUHPHQWRGHODV
SODJDVSRGUtDVHUPHQRU$GHPiVHVFRQRFLGRHOSDSHO
GHORVSDWyJHQRVHQODVHFDGHTXHUFtQHDV6iQFKH]HWDO
\HQ]RQDVFRQGHFDLPLHQWRDWULEXLGRDVHTXtDVH
REVHUYDPX\DPHQXGRODSUHVHQFLDGHSDWyJHQRVSODJDV
\SODQWDVKHPLSDUiVLWDVFRPRHOPXpUGDJR*DOLDQRHWDO
&DQGHO3pUH]HWDO6DQJHVD%DUUHGD
HW DO 6LQ HPEDUJR ODV FRQGLFLRQHV H[WUHPDV
GH WHPSHUDWXUD FRPR ODV RODV GH FDORU SXHGHQ WHQHU
WDPELpQHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVHQODVSREODFLRQHVGHLQVHFWRV
SURSRUFLRQDQGR RSRUWXQLGDGHV SDUD OD UHSURGXFFLyQ \
HYHQWXDO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GH QXHYDV FRKRUWHV GH SODQWDV
5DEDVD HW DO $XQTXH OD FRQWULEXFLyQ GH HVWRV
DJHQWHV \ VX LQWHUDFFLyQ FRQ ORV HYHQWRV FOLPiWLFRV
H[WUHPRVHVWiWRGDYtDSRUGHWHUPLQDUHQGHWDOOHVDEHPRV
TXHODLQIHFFLyQLQFUHPHQWDODYXOQHUDELOLGDGDODVHTXtD
\ TXH HO GHELOLWDPLHQWR GH ORV iUEROHV LQGXFLGR SRU OD
VHTXtD IDYRUHFH HO p[LWR HQ OD LQIHFFLyQ SRU SDWyJHQRV
FRQGXFLHQGRDXQDUHWURDOLPHQWDFLyQHQWUHGHIROLDFLyQH
LQIHFFLyQ\DXQDDPSOL¿FDFLyQGHORVHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRV
GHODVHTXtD'REHUWLQHWDO/LQDUHVHWDOE
)LQDOPHQWH VL ODV FRQGLFLRQHV FOLPiWLFDV H[WUHPDV VH
GDQSRVWHULRUPHQWHDXQLQFHQGLRODUHFXSHUDFLyQSRVW
IXHJR SXHGH YHUVH VHULDPHQWH FRPSURPHWLGD$Vt SXHV
ODFRPELQDFLyQGHH[WUHPRVFOLPiWLFRVGHELGRVDRODVGH
FDORURVHTXtD\GHLQFHQGLRVLQFUHPHQWDODYXOQHUDELOLGDG
GHORVERVTXHV\GHKHFKRSXHGHVHUXQGHWRQDQWHTXH
SURYRTXHTXHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHUHVLOLHQFLDVHPXHVWUHQ
LQVX¿FLHQWHV FRQGXFLHQGR D FDPELRV UiSLGRV HQ HO
SDLVDMHYHJHWDO
Recomendaciones para la adaptación
/D UHVLOLHQFLD \ UHVLVWHQFLD GH ORV VLVWHPDV
IRUHVWDOHVDQWHORVHSLVRGLRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRVSXHGH
IDYRUHFHUVHSRWHQFLDQGRORVPHFDQLVPRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
TXHVHKDQPHQFLRQDGRPHGLDQWHDFFLRQHVFRPR
SURPRYHUHVSHFLHVRJHQRWLSRVPHQRVYXOQHUDEOHVDOD
VHTXtDDGHFXDQGRVXORFDOL]DFLyQDORVQXHYRVHVFHQDULRV
FOLPiWLFRVSRWHQFLDUXQDELRGLYHUVLGDGTXHSRVLELOLWH
OD UHGXQGDQFLD IXQFLRQDO DQWH XQ UDQJR DPSOLR GH
FRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDVDGHFXDUODHVWUXFWXUDGHOERVTXH
SDUDPLQLPL]DUORVHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVGHODFRPSHWHQFLD
SRUORVUHFXUVRVKtGULFRVIDYRUHFHUODFRH[LVWHQFLDGH
GLIHUHQWHVFODVHVGHHGDGDHVFDODGHURGDORGHHVWDGRV
VXFHVLRQDOHVDQLYHOGHSDLVDMHSRWHQFLDUORVSURFHVRV
TXH PHMRUDQ OD UHJHQHUDFLyQ \ HO UHFOXWDPLHQWR GH
QXHYRV LQGLYLGXRV FRPR SRU HMHPSOR OD H[LVWHQFLD GH
PLFURKiELWDWVDGHFXDGRVGHGHWHUPLQDGDVLQWHUDFFLRQHV
ELyWLFDV R GH HVWUXFWXUDV GH SDLVDMH TXH IDYRUH]FDQ OD
GLVSHUVLyQ SRWHQFLDU ODV SUiFWLFDV GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ
GH VXHORV TXH IDYRUH]FDQ OD GLVSRQLELOLGDG KtGULFD LPSOHPHQWDU DFFLRQHV SDUD VXSOLU GLUHFWDPHQWH DJXD HQ
VXHORV GH iUHDV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH YXOQHUDEOHV \ GH DOWR
YDORUHFROyJLFRHKLVWyULFR2EYLDPHQWHHVWDVDFFLRQHV
GHEHQ FRQGLFLRQDUVH D ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HVSHFt¿FDV GH
ORVVLVWHPDVFRQVLGHUDGRV\GHORVREMHWLYRVGHJHVWLyQ
HVWDEOHFLGRVSDUDHOODV/ORUHW*UDQWHWDO
/RVLQFHQGLRVFRQVWLWX\HQXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHV
SHUWXUEDFLRQHV GH ORV VLVWHPDV IRUHVWDOHV GH (VSDxD \
SXHGHQLQWHUDFWXDUFRQORVHYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRVH[WUHPRV
HQ GHWULPHQWR GH VX UHVLOLHQFLD (Q SULPHU OXJDU ODV
FRQGLFLRQHV FOLPiWLFDV H[WUHPDV GH DOWD WHPSHUDWXUD \
EDMDKXPHGDGDXPHQWDQORVLQFHQGLRVGHJUDQPDJQLWXG
HQWpUPLQRVGHH[WHQVLyQHLQWHQVLGDGFRLQFLGLHQGRFRQHO
PRPHQWRGHPi[LPRHVWUpVFOLPiWLFRVREUHODYHJHWDFLyQ
3LxRO HW DO 3DXVDV )HUQiQGH]0XxR] $GHPiV FRQ SRVWHULRULGDG DO HYHQWR GH GHFDLPLHQWR
HO FRPEXVWLEOH VXVFHSWLEOH GH TXHPDUVH DXPHQWD FRPR
FRQVHFXHQFLDGHODDFXPXODFLyQGHWURQFRVUDPDV\KRMDV
VHFDV3RUWDQWRHOULHVJRGHLQFHQGLRVGHDOWDLQWHQVLGDG
DXPHQWDHQORVDxRVSRVWHULRUHVGHOHYHQWRDXQTXHORV
SDUiPHWURV FOLPiWLFRV UHFXSHUHQ ORV YDORUHV SURPHGLR
373
5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiÀFDV
$OOHQ &' 0DFDODG\ $. &KHQFKRXQL + %DFKHOHW '
0F'RZHOO 19HQQHWLHU 0 .LW]EHUJHU7 5LJOLQJ
$%UHVKHDUV''+RJJ(+HWDO$JOREDO
RYHUYLHZRIGURXJKWDQGKHDWLQGXFHGWUHHPRUWDOLW\
UHYHDOVHPHUJLQJFOLPDWHFKDQJHULVNVIRUIRUHVWV
Forest Ecology and Management
$\UHV 03 /RPEDUGHUR 0- $VVHVVLQJ WKH
FRQVHTXHQFHV RI JOREDO FKDQJH IRU IRUHVW
GLVWXUEDQFHIURPKHUELYRUHVDQGSDWKRJHQVForest
Ecology and Management
&DPDUHUR--%LJOHU&/LQDUHV-&*LO3HOHJUtQ(
6\QHUJLVWLF HIIHFWV RI SDVW KLVWRULFDO ORJJLQJ DQG
GURXJKWRQWKHGHFOLQHRI3\UHQHDQVLOYHU¿UIRUHVWV
Forest Ecology and Management
&DQGHO3pUH] ' /LQDUHV -& 9LxHJOD % /XFDV%RUMD
0($VVHVVLQJFOLPDWH±JURZWKUHODWLRQVKLSV
XQGHU FRQWUDVWLQJ VWDQGV RI FRRFFXUULQJ ,EHULDQ
SLQHVDORQJDQDOWLWXGLQDOJUDGLHQWForest Ecology
and Management &DUQLFHU - &ROO 0 1LQ\HUROD 0 3RQV ; 6iQFKH] *
3HxXHODV - :LGHVSUHDG FURZQ FRQGLWLRQ
GHFOLQH IRRG ZHE GLVUXSWLRQ DQG DPSOL¿HG
WUHH PRUWDOLW\ ZLWK LQFUHDVHG FOLPDWH FKDQJH
W\SH GURXJKW Proceedings National Academy of
Sciences
'HO&DFKR0/ORUHW)5HVLOLHQFHRI0HGLWHUUDQHDQ
VKUXEODQG WR VHYHUH GURXJWK HSLVRGH WKH UROH
RI VHHG EDQN DQG VHHGOLQJ HVWDEOLVKPHQW Plant
Biology±
*yQ]DOH]$SDULFLR , +LGDOJR - '\QDPLFDOO\
EDVHG IXWXUH GDLO\ DQG VHDVRQDO WHPSHUDWXUH
VFHQDULRV DQDO\VLV IRU WKH QRUWKHUQ ,EHULDQ
3HQLQVXOD International Journal of Climatology
±
*UDQW *( 7DJXH &/ $OOHQ &' :DWHULQJ WKH
IRUHVWIRUWUHHVDQHPHUJLQJSULRULW\IRUPDQDJLQJ
ZDWHU LQ IRUHVW ODQGVFDSHV Frontiers in Ecology
and the Environment
+DPSH$3HWLW5-&RQVHUYLQJELRGLYHUVLW\XQGHU
FOLPDWH FKDQJH WKH UHDU HGJH PDWWHUV Ecology
Letters
+HUHú $0 0DUWtQH]9LODOWD - &ODUDPXQW /ySH] %
*URZWK SDWWHUQV LQ UHODWLRQ WR GURXJKW
LQGXFHGPRUWDOLW\DWWZR6FRWVSLQHPinus sylvestris
/VLWHVLQ1(,EHULDQ3HQLQVXODTrees±
.RKOHU 0 6RKQ - 1lJHOH * %DXKXV - &DQ
GURXJKWWROHUDQFHRI1RUZD\VSUXFHPicea albies
/.DUVWEHLQFUHDVHGWKURXJKWKLQQLQJ"European
Journal of Forest Research
/H&RQWH<1DYDMDV0&OLPDWHFKDQJHLPSDFW
RQ KRQH\ EHH SRSXODWLRQV DQG GLVHDVHV Révue
6FLHQWL¿TXH HW WHFKQLTXH2I¿FH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO GHV
Epizooties2
'HOOD0DUWD 3 +D\ORFN 05 /XWHUEDFKHU - :DQQHU
+ 'RXEOHG OHQJWK RI ZHVWHUQ (XURSHDQ
VXPPHU KHDW ZDYHV VLQFH Journal of
Geophysical Research'
/LQDUHV-&&DPDUHUR--&DUUHLUD-$D&RPSHWLWLRQ
PRGXODWHV WKH DGDSWDWLRQ FDSDFLW\ RI IRUHVWV WR
FOLPDWLFVWUHVVLQVLJKWVIURPUHFHQWJURZWKGHFOLQH
DQGGHDWKLQUHOLFWVWDQGVRIWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ¿U
Abies pinsapoJournal of Ecology±
'REHUWLQ0:HUPHOLQJHQ%%LJOHU&%UJL0&DUURQ
0)RUVWHU%*LPPL85LJOLQJ$/LQNLQJ
LQFUHDVLQJ GURXJKW VWUHVV WR 6FRWV SLQH PRUWDOLW\
DQG EDUN EHHWOH LQIHVWDWLRQV 7KH 6FLHQWL¿F :RUOG
Journal6±
/LQDUHV -& &DPDUHUR -- %RZNHU 0$ 2FKRD 9
&DUUHLUD -$ E 6WDQGVWUXFWXUDO HIIHFWV
RQ Heterobasidion abietinumUHODWHG PRUWDOLW\
IROORZLQJ GURXJKW HYHQWV LQ Abies pinsapo
2HFRORJLD
*DOLDQR/0DUWtQH]9LODOWD-/ORUHW)'URXJKW
LQGXFHG GHFOLQH RI 6FRWV SLQH VWDQGV LQ &HQWUDO
3\UHQHHV LV PHGLDWHG E\ PXOWLSOH SUHGLVSRVLQJ
IDFWRUVEcosystems
/ORUHW)6LVFDUW''DOPDVHV&&DQRS\UHFRYHU\
DIWHU GURXJKW GLHEDFN LQ KROPRDN 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ
IRUHVWV RI &DWDORQLD 1( 6SDLQ Global Change
Biology
*DOLDQR/0DUWtQH]9LODOWD-6DEDWp6/ORUHW)
'HWHUPLQDQWVRIGURXJKWHIIHFWVRQFURZQFRQGLWLRQ
DQG WKHLU UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK GHSOHWLRQ RI FDUERQ
UHVHUYHVLQD0HGLWHUUDQHDQKROPRDNIRUHVWTree
Physiologist
/ORUHW).HHOLQJ(6DOD$7UHHUHVLOLHQFHDIWHU
VXFFHVVLYHORZJURZWKHSLVRGHVLQSRQGHURVDSLQH
ROGIRUHVWV2LNRV
*DOLDQR/0DUWtQH]9LODOWD-(XJHQLR0*UDQ]RZGH
OD&HUGD,/ORUHW)6HHGOLQJHPHUJHQFHDQG
JURZWK RI Quercus VSS IROORZLQJ VHYHUH GURXJKW
HIIHFWV RQ D Pinus sylvestris FDQRS\ Journal of
Vegetation Science
*LPpQH]%HQDYLGHV-$OEHUWV0-,ULRQGR-0(VFXGHUR
$'HPRJUDSKLFSURFHVVHVRIXSZDUGUDQJH
FRQWUDFWLRQ LQ D ORQJOLYHG 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ KLJK
PRXQWDLQSODQWEcography±
374
*yPH]$SDULFLR / *DUFtD9DOGpV 5 5Xt]%HQLWR 3
=DYDOD 0$ 'LVHQWDQJOLQJ WKH UHODWLYH
LPSRUWDQFHRIFOLPDWHVL]HDQGFRPSHWLWLRQRQWUHH
JURZWK LQ ,EHULDQ IRUHVWV LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU IRUHVW
PDQDJHPHQWXQGHUJOREDOFKDQJHGlobal Change
Biology±
/ORUHW ) (VFXGHUR $ ,ULRQGR -0 0DUWtQH]9LODOWD -
9DOODGDUHV ) ([WUHPH FOLPDWLF HYHQWV DQG
YHJHWDWLRQWKHUROHRIVWDELOL]LQJSURFHVVHVGlobal
Change Biology±
/ORUHW ) 9XOQHUDELOLGDG \ UHVLOLHQFLD GH
HFRVLVWHPDVIRUHVWDOHVIUHQWHDHSLVRGLRVH[WUHPRV
GHVHTXtDEcosistemas
/RJDQ-$5pJQLqUH-3RZHOO-$$VVHVVLQJWKH
LPSDFWVRIJOREDOZDUPLQJRQIRUHVWSHVWG\QDPLFV
Frontiers Ecology Environment±
0DUWtQH]9LODOWD - /ORUHW ) %UHVKHDUV '' 'URXJKWLQGXFHGIRUHVWGHFOLQHFDXVHVVFRSHDQG
LPSOLFDWLRQVBiology Letters
YDQ0DQWJHP3-6WHSKHQVRQ1/%\UQH-&et al.
:LGHVSUHDG LQFUHDVH RI WUHH PRUWDOLW\ UDWHV LQ WKH
:HVWHUQ8QLWHG6WDWHVScience
0DWtDV / =DPRUD 5 &DVWUR - 6SRUDGLF UDLQ\
HYHQWVDUHPRUHFULWLFDOWKDQLQFUHDVLQJRIGURXJKW
LQWHQVLW\ IRU ZRRG\ VSHFLHV UHFUXLWPHQW LQ D
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ FRPPXQLW\ 2HFRORJLD 9D\UHGD - 0DUWtQH]9LODOWD - *UDFLD 0 5HWDQD -
5HFHQWFOLPDWHFKDQJHVLQWHUDFWZLWKVWDQG
VWUXFWXUH DQG PDQDJHPHQW WR GHWHUPLQH FKDQJHV
LQ WUHH FDUERQ VWRFNV LQ 6SDQLVK IRUHVWV Global
Change Biology±
0F'RZHOO1*$GDPV+$%DLOH\-'+HVV0.ROE7(
+RPHRVWDWLFPDLQWHQDQFHRISRQGHURVDSLQH
JDVH[FKDQJHLQUHVSRQVHWRVWDQGGHQVLW\FKDQJHV
Ecological Applications±
9LOj&DEUHUD $ 0DUWtQH]9LODOWD - 9D\UHGD - 5HWDQD
- 6WUXFWXUDO DQG FOLPDWLF GHWHUPLQDQWV RI
GHPRJUDSKLF UDWHV RI 6FRWV SLQH IRUHVWV DFURVV
WKH ,EHULDQ 3HQLQVXOD Ecological Applications
±
1LFRWUD $% $WNLQ 2. %RQVHU 63 'DYLGVRQ $0
)LQQHJDQ (- 0DWKHVLXV 8 3RRW 3 3XUXJJDQDQ
0' 5LFKDUGV &/ 9DOODGDUHV ) YDQ .OHXQHQ 0
3ODQW SKHQRW\SLF SODVWLFLW\ LQ D FKDQJLQJ
FOLPDWHTrends in Plant Science
2NX\DPD 7 +ROODQG - 1HWZRUN VWUXFWXUDO
SURSHUWLHV PHGLDWH WKH VWDELOLW\ RI PXWXDOLVWLF
FRPPXQLWLHVEcology Letters
3DXVDV -* )HUQiQGH]0XxR] 6 )LUH UHJLPH
FKDQJHVLQWKH:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ%DVLQIURP
IXHOOLPLWHGWRGURXJKWGULYHQ¿UHUHJLPHClimatic
Change
3HxXHODV - )LOHOOD , /ORUHW ) 3LxRO - 5RGj ) 6LVFDUW
'(IIHFWVRIDVHYHUHGURXJKWRQZDWHUDQG
QLWURJHQXVHE\Quercus ilexDQGPhyllirea latifolia
Biologia Plantarum
5DEDVD 6* *XWLpUUH] ' (VFXGHUR$ 7HPSRUDO
YDULDWLRQLQWKHHIIHFWRIKDELWDWIUDJPHQWDWLRQRQ
UHSURGXFWLRQ RI WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ VKUXE Colutea
hispanicaPlant Ecology 6iQFKH] 0( &DHWDQR 3 )HUUD] - 7UDSHUR $ 3K\WRSKWKRUD GLVHDVH RI Quercus ilex LQ VRXWK
ZHVWHUQ6SDLQForest Pathology
6iQFKH]('RPtQJXH]05RPHUD5/ySH]GHOD)UDQFD
1 *DHUWQHU 0$ *DOODUGR & &DVWUR 0 5HJLRQDO PRGHOLQJ RI GU\ VSHOOV RYHU WKH ,EHULDQ
3HQLQVXOD IRU SUHVHQW FOLPDWH DQG FOLPDWH FKDQJH
FRQGLWLRQVClimatic Change
6iQFKH]6DOJXHUR 5 1DYDUUR&HUULOOR 50 6ZHWQDP
7:=DYDOD0$,VGURXJKWWKHPDLQGHFOLQH
IDFWRU DW WKH UHDU HGJH RI (XURSH" 7KH FDVH RI
VRXWKHUQ ,EHULDQ SLQH SODQWDWLRQV Forest Ecology
and Management±
6DQJHVD%DUUHGD * /LQDUHV -& &DPDUHUR --
0LVWOHWRH HIIHFWV RQ 6FRWV SLQH GHFOLQH
IROORZLQJGURXJKWHYHQWVLQVLJKWVIURPZLWKLQWUHH
VSDWLDO SDWWHUQV JURZWK DQG FDUERK\GUDWHV Tree
Physiologist
6XDUH] 0/ .LW]EHUJHU 7 'LIIHUHQWLDO HIIHFWV
RI FOLPDWH YDULDELOLW\ RQ IRUHVW G\QDPLFV DORQJ
D SUHFLSLWDWLRQ JUDGLHQW LQ QRUWKHUQ 3DWDJRQLD
Journal of Ecology
YDQ 0DQWJHP 3- 6WHSKHQVRQ 1/ $SSDUHQW
FOLPDWLFDOO\LQGXFHGLQFUHDVHRIWUHHPRUWDOLW\UDWHV
LQDWHPSHUDWHIRUHVWEcology Letters±
375
Descargar