Cap 23- La sequía y el muérdago actúan como factores de estrés

Impactos y Vulnerabilidad
G. Sangüesa-Barreda1*, J.C. Linares2 y J.J. Camarero3,4
1
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, 50192 Zaragoza, España
Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41002 Sevilla, España
3
ARAID, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, 50192 Zaragoza, España
4
Dept. d`Ecologia, Fac. Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, España
*Correo electrónico: [email protected]
2
23
La sequía y el muérdago actúan como factores de estrés
combinados en el decaimiento de bosques de pino silvestre
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Relaciones entre la infestación de muérdago y las
características de los árboles
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Frecuencia de árboles basado
en su grado de infestación (%)
Medianamente
Poco
Muy
infestados infestados infestados
(GI2)
(GI1)
(GI3)
Sitio
Nº de
árboles
muestreados
Nº de
árboles
usados
en los
MEE
Árboles
muertos
(%)
Edad
(años)
Diámetro
a 1,3 m (cm)
Altura
(m)
Diámetro
de la copa
(m)
Altura
de la copa
(m)
SA
50
30
10
67 ± 2
25,55 ± 1, 28
9,88 ± 0,36
5,36 ± 0,19
7,45 ± 0,34
60
20
20
SB
57
37
3
48 ± 2
20,26 ± 0,70
8,02 ± 0,28
4,70 ± 0,17
5,91 ± 1,91
70
10
20
PA
64
38
7
50 ± 1
21,04 ± 0,54
8,92 ± 0,19
4,59 ± 0,15
4,59 ± 0,15
44
36
20
PB
70
53
10
59 ± 3
23,45 ± 1,09
8,69 ± 0,49
4,62 ± 0,23
4,62 ± 0,23
47
23
30
Figura 1
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Variable
Dap (cm)
Edad (años)
Altura (m)
Altura de la copa (m)
Diámetro de la copa (m)
Frondosidad (%)
IAB (cm2 año-1)
Área de albura (%)
Grado
de infestación
SA
GI1
GI2
GI3
GI1
GI2
GI3
GI1
GI2
GI3
GI1
GI2
GI3
GI1
GI2
GI3
GI1
GI2
GI3
GI1
22,3 ± 0,8a
29,0 ± 1,2b
29,5 ± 1,2b
67,5 ± 2,8
70,6 ± 5,3
67,6 ± 3,9
9,1 ± 0,3
9,5 ± 0,6
9,8 ± 2,0
7,0 ± 0,3
7,1 ± 0,5
7,2 ± 0,5
4,9 ± 0,2a
5,3 ± 0,3b
5,7 ± 0,2b
82,9 ± 4,4a
39,4 ± 5,4b
29,2 ± 4,5b
3,0 ± 0,3a
GI2
GI3
GI1
GI2
GI3
2,4 ± 0,5ab
1,6 ± 0,3b
67,0 ± 1,9a
52,1 ± 4,3b
51,5 ± 2,9b
F
15,3***
0,3
0,8
0,6
3,5*
39,6***
3,9*
16,4***
SB
19,9 ± 0,6a
22,1 ± 1,7a
27,2 ± 1,6b
48,2 ± 1,2
47,1 ± 2,7
47,5 ± 1,3
8,4 ± 0,3
8,4 ± 0,6
9,4 ± 0,3
6,3 ± 0,3
6,0 ± 0,8
6,4 ± 0,4
4,7 ± 0,1a
5,1 ± 0,5ab
5,5 ± 0,5b
84,8 ± 2,5a
60,6 ± 6,5b
41,7 ± 6,3b
3,7 ± 0,3
3,6 ± 0,8
3,5 ± 0,9
72,7 ± 1,5
71,6 ± 5,3
68,3 ± 3,9
F
13,2***
0,8
1,9
0,1
7,0*
33,4***
0,3
0,8
PA
20,0 ± 0,6a
21,5 ± 0,7b
24,6 ± 0,9b
51,2 ± 4,6
48,0 ± 4,0
49,8 ± 4,1
8,5 ± 0,3
8,6 ± 0,2
8,8 ± 1,7
6,1 ± 0,3
6,0 ± 0,3
5,7 ± 0,3
4,5 ± 0,3a
5,0 ± 0,2ab
5,6 ± 0,4b
79,6 ± 5,4a
61,7 ± 4,6b
30,8 ± 5,5c
2,7 ± 0,5a
1,6 ± 0,3b
1,5 ± 0,3b
80,2 ± 3,1a
72,4 ± 4,1ab
66,2 ± 3,3b
F
9,8***
0,8
0,1
0,5
4,5*
30,5***
11,0*
4,9*
PB
22,5 ± 1,1a
25,8 ± 1,1b
28,0 ± 1,0b
58,5 ± 5,9
58,6 ± 9,1
60,3 ± 3,6
8,3 ± 0,5
8,4 ± 0,8
8,9 ± 0,5
6,0 ± 0,4
6,6 ± 0,8
6,1 ± 0,4
4,6 ± 0,2a
5,2 ± 0,4ab
5,9 ± 0,3b
87,0 ± 3,2a
72,0 ± 7,1a
39,0 ± 6,6b
6,1 ± 0,7ab
7,8 ± 1,5a
4,3 ± 0,7b
79,5 ± 2,0a
72,7 ± 5,2ab
68,3 ± 2,7b
F
10,0***
0,9
0,2
0,28
5,5**
25,4***
3,4*
6,7*
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Los efectos de las sequías y del muérdago sobre el
crecimiento dependen del sitio y de la altura del tronco
en los que se evalúan
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