transformaciones urbanísticas y territoriales en la costa del sol oriental
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URBANISMO EXPANSIVO DE LA UTOPÍA A LA REALIDAD XXII CONGRESO DE GEÓGRAFOS ESPAÑOLES UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, 2011 URBANISMO EXPANSIVO DE LA UTOPÍA A LA REALIDAD XXII CONGRESO DE GEÓGRAFOS ESPAÑOLES UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, 2011 EDITORES VICENTE GOZÁLVEZ PÉREZ JUAN ANTONIO MARCO MOLINA /RVHVWXGLRVSXEOLFDGRVHQHVWHOLEURKDQVLGRHYDOXDGRVGHIRUPDDQyQLPDSRUGRVPLHPEURVGHO COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO EVALUADOR: Javier MARTÍN VIDE, Presidente de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles. Antonio PRIETO CERDÁN, Presidente del Colegio de Geógrafos. Rafael MATA OLMO, Catedrático de Análisis *HRJUi¿FR 5HJLRQDO 8QLYHUVLGDG $XWyQRPD de Madrid. /OXwVD DUBÓN PRETUS *HyJUDID ,QVWLWXWR %DOHDUGH(VWDGtVWLFDGHOHV,OOHV%DOHDUV Cayetano ESPEJO MARÍN 3URIHVRU 7LWXODU GH *HRJUDItD+XPDQD8QLYHUVLGDGGH0XUFLD Marina FROLOVA ,QYHVWLJDGRUD 5DPyQ \ &Djal, Universidad de Granada. -RVp0DQXHOMOREIRA MADUEÑO, Consejería de 0HGLR$PELHQWH-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD -XDQ 0 ALBERTOS PUEBLA 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR GH *HRJUDItD (FRQyPLFD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 9Dlencia. Francisco J. ANTÓN BURGOS 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR *HRJUDItDGHORV6HUYLFLRV8QLYHUVLGDG&RPSOXWHQVH José ARNÁEZ VADILLO 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR *HRgrafía Física, Universidad de La Rioja. 0$VXQFLyQ ROMERO DÍAZ 3UHVLGHQWD *UXSR *HRJUDItD)tVLFD8QLYHUVLGDGGH0XUFLD José CARPIO MARTÍN 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR *HRJUDItD GH $PpULFD /DWLQD 8QLYHUVLGDG &RPSOXWHQVH Rosa JORDÁ BORREL3UHVLGHQWD*UXSR(VWXGLRV Regionales, Universidad de Sevilla. 0DUtD /XLVD DE LÁZARO Y TORRES, Presidenta *UXSRGH'LGiFWLFDGHOD*HRJUDItD8QLYHUVLGDG&RPSOXWHQVH Diego LÓPEZ OLIVARES3UHVLGHQWH*UXSR*HRJUDItDGHO7XULVPR2FLR\5HFUHDFLyQ8QLYHUVLGDG-DXPH,GH&DVWHOOyQ Francisco J. MARTÍNEZ VEGA 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR 7HFQRORJtDV GH OD ,QIRUPDFLyQ *HRJUi¿FD &RQVHMR 6XSHULRU GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV &LHQWt¿cas, Madrid. Nicolás ORTEGA CANTERO 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR GHO 3HQVDPLHQWR *HRJUi¿FR 8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG -XDQ,JQDFLRPLAZA3UHVLGHQWH*UXSRGH*HRJUDItD5XUDO8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD 'RPLQJR)RASILLA ÁLVAREZ3UHVLGHQWH*UXSRGH&OLPDWRORJtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH&DQWDEULD Francisco RODRÍGUEZ MARTÍNEZ, Presidente *UXSR GH 'HVDUUROOR /RFDO 8QLYHUVLGDG GH Granada. Vicente RODRÍGUEZ RODRÍGUEZ3UHVLGHQWH*UXSRGH3REODFLyQ&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWt¿FDV0DGULG Onofre RULLÁN SALAMANCA 3UHVLGHQWH *UXSR GH *HRJUDItD 8UEDQD 8QLYHUVLWDW GH OHV ,OOHV %DOHDUV -XDQ$QWRQLRMARCO MOLINA, Director DeparWDPHQWR$QiOLVLV *HRJUi¿FR 5HJLRQDO \ *HRgrafía Física, Universidad de Alicante. Vicente GOZÁLVEZ PÉREZ, Director DepartaPHQWR *HRJUDItD +XPDQD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH Alicante. Antonio MARTÍNEZ PUCHE, Universidad de Alicante. Rosario NAVALÓN GARCÍA, Universidad de Alicante. Jorge OLCINA CANTOS, Universidad de Alicante. Salvador PALAZÓN FERRANDO, Universidad de Alicante. *DELQR PONCE HERRERO, Universidad de Alicante. 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LOS FACTORES DE URBANIZACIÓN /D&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOKDH[SHULPHQWDGRHQORV~OWLPRVGHFHQLRVXQDJUDQ H[SDQVLyQ XUEDQtVWLFD FRQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VLPLODUHV D OR DFRQWHFLGR HQ RWURV HVSDFLRVFRVWHURVGHO0HGLWHUUiQHRHVSDxROLQFOXLGDOD&RVWDGHO6RO2FFLGHQWDO DXQTXHFRQPDWLFHV\HOHPHQWRVTXHSURSRUFLRQDQXQDFLHUWDVLQJXODULGDGDHVWH territorio. (QHOSURFHVRGHXUEDQL]DFLyQGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOVHSXHGHQGHVWDFDU WUHVIDFWRUHVHFRQyPLFRWHUULWRULDOHVSULQFLSDOHV ²/DXUEDQL]DFLyQOLJDGDDODORMDPLHQWRWXUtVWLFR\DOWXULVPRUHVLGHQFLDOHQ la costa. ²/DGHPDQGDGHYLYLHQGDSRUSDUWHGHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQDGH0iODJD ²/DXUEDQL]DFLyQGLIXVDGHODUHVLGHQFLDVHFXQGDULDHQHOVXHORQRXUEDQL]DEOH 2.1. La urbanización turística /DRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWRWXUtVWLFRHQOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOVHFDUDFWHUL]D SRUSRVHHUXQDFDOLGDGPHGLDDXQTXHKD\DPHMRUDGRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV\SRU HO IXHUWH SHVR GH OD YLYLHQGD WXUtVWLFD RIHUWD QR UHJODGD (Q HO OD RIHUWD UHJODGDGHDORMDPLHQWRWXUtVWLFRHUDGH SOD]DVGHODVFXDOHVHUDQKRWHOHUDVHVWHFRQMXQWRGHSOD]DVKDFUHFLGRXQHQWUH\XQ DQXDO/DRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWRVHFRPSOHWDFRQODVSOD]DVWXUtVWLFDVQR UHJODGDVTXHVHKDQHVWLPDGRSDUDHODxR3RUWDQWRODRIHUWDGHSOD]DVGH KRVSHGDMHWXUtVWLFRHQOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDODOFDQ]DEDXQWRWDOGHHQ YLG&XDGUR\ CUADRO 1. Plazas de alojamiento turístico reglado. Costa del Sol Oriental 2009 Apartam. Hoteles HotelApartam. Pensiones Establ. Rural AlgarrRER Nerja Rincón de la Victoria Torrox 1.962 Vélez 2.605 TOTAL 5.684 5.112 562 1.009 41 4.579 16.987 Campam. Total 140 6.659 1.042 Densidad plaza alojamiento turístico reglado/km2 (Costa Sol Oriental) 51,27 plaza/Km2 Densidad plaza alojamiento turístico reglado/km2 (Costa Sol Occidental) 169,60 plaza/Km2 Densidad plaza alojamiento turístico reglado/km2 (Provincia de Málaga) 20,61 plaza/Km2 )XHQWH6,0$(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD CUADRO 2. Oferta de alojamiento potencialmente turística 1981 2001 2009 * Viviendas potencialmente turísticas Plazas de alojamiento no reglado Viviendas potencialmente turísticas Plazas de alojamiento no reglado Viviendas potencialmente turísticas Plazas de alojamiento no reglado Algarrobo Rincón de la Victoria Nerja Torrox Vélez-Málaga Total 29.223 102.281 45.622 159.677 67.119 234.917 MUNICIPIOS )XHQWH,1(&HQVRVGH3REODFLyQ\9LYLHQGD&ROHJLRGH$UTXLWHFWRVGH0iODJD (ODERUDFLyQSURSLD (VWLPDFLyQ WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ODV YLYLHQGDV YLVDGDV HQWUH \ WRPDGR ODV PLVPDV SURSRUFLRQHVGHYLYLHQGDSRWHQFLDOPHQWHWXUtVWLFDYLYLHQGDVHFXQGDULDGHVRFXSDGDGHO&HQVR GH/DVSOD]DVVHFDOFXODQPXOWLSOLFDQGRODYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDSRU +D\ TXH GHVWDFDU TXH OD RIHUWD GH PiV FDOLGDG GH OD &RVWD GHO 6RO 2ULHQWDO KD DXPHQWDGR GH IRUPD VLJQL¿FDWLYD HQ HVSHFLDO ODRIHUWD GH KRWHOHV GH FXDWUR HVWUHOODVTXHKDSDVDGRGHSOD]DVHQDHQHOORTXHVXSRQH XQLQFUHPHQWRGHOPLHQWUDVFUHFHGHIRUPDPiVVXDYHODRIHUWDKRWHOHUD GH WUHV HVWUHOODV H LQFOXVR GLVPLQX\HQ ORV KRWHOHV GH GRV HVWUHOODV (VWH HV XQIHQyPHQRFRP~QDWRGRHO0HGLWHUUiQHRDQGDOX]\SUREDEOHPHQWHH[WHQVLEOH DO UHVWR GHO 0HGLWHUUiQHR HVSDxRO 9HUD \ %DxRV 3DUHFH UHODFLRQDUVH OD LQWHQVLGDGGHHVWHSURFHVRFRQODPDGXUH]GHOHVSDFLRWXUtVWLFR /DGHQVLGDGGHDORMDPLHQWRVWXUtVWLFRVUHJODGRVHUDGHSOD]DVNP en el FLIUD TXH KD DXPHQWDGR KDVWD ODV SOD]DVNP HQ (Q JHQHUDO ODGHQVLGDGGHDORMDPLHQWRVHVWiDOJRSRUHQFLPDGHODPHGLDSURYLQFLDO SOD]DVNP\EDVWDQWHSRUGHEDMRGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2FFLGHQWDOSOD]DV NP 3RURWURODGRODRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWRQRUHJODGRKDFUHFLGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH\QRVLHPSUHFRQXQRVSDUiPHWURVDGHFXDGRV(QVHKDEtDUHJLVWUDGRXQ LQFUHPHQWRGHHQWRUQRDXQGHODVSOD]DVGHYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDFRQUHVSHFWR DORTXHGDFXHQWDGHODLQWHQVLGDGGHOSURFHVR(VWHDXPHQWRHQHOQ~PHURGHSOD]DVGHDORMDPLHQWRQRUHJODGRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRQHOGHVDUUROORGHOD YLYLHQGD WXUtVWLFD \ OD H[SDQVLyQ GHO SURFHVR XUEDQL]DGRU HQ OD &RVWD 2ULHQWDO /DGHPDQGDGHVHJXQGDYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDHVXQKHFKRFRP~QDEXHQDSDUWHGHO 0HGLWHUUiQHRHVSDxROTXHKDWHQLGRXQDHQRUPHH[SDQVLyQHQORV~OWLPRVGHFHQLRV$OPHLGD1LHWR6HUUDQR*LOL(VWHIHQyPHQRKD VLGRSDUWHGHODJUDQEXUEXMDLQPRELOLDULDTXHKDDIHFWDGRDODHFRQRPtDHVSDxROD 1DUHGR 2.2. La demanda de vivienda metropolitana 5HODFLRQDGRFRQHODQWHULRUKHFKRKD\TXHVHxDODUTXHXQDSDUWHLPSRUWDQWH GHODRIHUWDGHYLYLHQGDGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOVHKDGLULJLGRDODFLXGDG GH0iODJD\DOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQD(OHOHYDGRFRVWHGHODYLYLHQGDHQODFLXGDG GH0iODJDKDSURYRFDGRODH[SXOVLyQGHXQQ~PHURFRQVLGHUDEOHGHKDELWDQWHV TXHVHKDQXELFDGRHQOD]RQDPiVRFFLGHQWDOGHOD&RVWD2ULHQWDOYLG&XDGUR 1R KD\ TXH ROYLGDU TXH OD &RVWD GHO 6RO 2ULHQWDO WDPELpQ IRUPD SDUWH GHO HVSDFLR PHWURSROLWDQR$Vt SXHV OD RIHUWD LQPRELOLDULD GHO iUHD GH HVWXGLR KD VLGRXWLOL]DGDSRUHOUHVLGHQWHPHWURSROLWDQRWDQWRFRPRYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDFRPR SULPHUDUHVLGHQFLD3UXHEDGHHOORHVTXHVHJ~QORVGDWRVGHORV~OWLPRVFHQVRV GHSREODFLyQGLVSRQLEOHVHQWUH\FDVLHOGHLQPLJUDQWHVUHFLELGRVHQOD]RQDSURFHGtDQGHODFLXGDGGH0iODJDYLG&XDGUR(VWDFLIUDVH LQFUHPHQWDHQORVPXQLFLSLRVPiVFHUFDQRVD0iODJDHQ5LQFyQ\ HQ9pOH](QHOFDVRGH5LQFyQGHOD9LFWRULDpVWHVHKDFRQYHUWLGRFODUDPHQWH HQXQHVSDFLRPHWURSROLWDQR\UHVLGHQFLDOGHODFLXGDGGH0iODJDTXHHQHODxR \D HQJOREDED FODUDPHQWH D EXHQD SDUWH GH 9pOH]0iODJD (VWD WHQGHQFLD VHKDLGRFRQVROLGDQGRHQHVWRV~OWLPRVDxRVGHWDOIRUPDTXH9pOH]VHKD GLULJLGR XQD SDUWH FRQVLGHUDEOH GH OD VX RIHUWD LQPRELOLDULD KDFLD OD FLXGDG GH 0iODJD/RVRWURVWUHVPXQLFLSLRVPXHVWUDQXQDPHQRULQÀXHQFLDGH0iODJDGH KHFKRWDQWRHQ7RUUR[FRPRHQ1HUMDHOFROHFWLYRLQPLJUDQWHSULQFLSDOHVHOGH H[WUDQMHURV TXH DOFDQ]D FDVL HO HQ7RUUR[ \ HV XQD PH]FOD GH LQPLJUDQWH FOLPiWLFR\ODERUDO CUADRO 3. Precio medio del metro cuadro de vivienda 1991 1993 1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 $OJDUURER Nerja Rincón Torrox 9pOH]0iODJD Costa Sol Oriental 0iODJD&LXGDG 0DUEHOOD )XHQWHV3UHFLRPHGLRGHOPGHODVYLYLHQGDV0LQLVWHULRGH)RPHQWR\$QiOLVLVGH0HUFDGR6RFLHGDGGH7DVDFLyQ6$1RWD3UHFLRPHGLRGHYLYLHQGDQXHYD\XVDGD CUADRO 4. Cambios de residencia entre 1991 y 2001. (% sobre total de migrantes) Anterior residencia Algarrobo Nerja Rincón Torrox Vélez Costa del Sol Oriental En Málaga (QRWURVPXQLFLSLRVGH ODPLVPD3URYLQFLD En distinta provincia de ODPLVPD&$ (QRWUD&RPXQLGDG $XWyQRPD&$ Residía en el extranjero (VWXGLRVXQLYHUVLWDULRV )XHQWH&HQVRGH3REODFLyQ,1(\HODERUDFLyQSURSLD /RVHPLJUDQWHVSURFHGHQWHVGH0iODJDTXHVHKDGLULJLGRKDFLD5LQFyQ\9pOH]VRQHQVXPD\RUtDSDUHMDVMyYHQHVFRQRVLQKLMRV\FRQXQQLYHOIRUPDWLYR HOHYDGR(QHOFDVRGH5LQFyQHOGHLQPLJUDQWHVWHQtDQIRUPDFLyQXQLYHUVLWDULD HQ9pOH] &RPR HQ OD PD\RU SDUWH GH ODV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDV OD FLXGDG FHQWUDO KD H[SXOVDGR D XQD SDUWH GH OD SREODFLyQ MRYHQ \ GH OD FODVH PHGLD TXH QR WLHQH SRVLELOLGDG GH DGTXLULU YLYLHQGD HQ ORV HVSDFLRV HQ ORV TXH KDQYLYLGRVXVSDGUHVRDTXHOORVFRQIRUPHDVXHVWDWXVVRFLDO/D&RVWDGHO6RO 2ULHQWDOTXHOOHYDEDVWDQWHWLHPSRSURGXFLHQGRYLYLHQGDGHVHJXQGDUHVLGHQFLD KD YLVWR HQ HVWD GHPDQGD XQD RSRUWXQLGDG \ KD UHFRQGXFLGR OD RIHUWD KDFLD OD FLXGDG GH 0iODJD (O JUDQ FUHFLPLHQWR LQPRELOLDULR KD HVWDGR DSR\DGR HQ ODV JUDQGHV FDQWLGDGHV GH VXHOR FODVL¿FDGR SRU ORV SODQHV JHQHUDOHV GH RUGHQDFLyQ XUEDQD\HOLQFUHPHQWRGHORVHVWiQGDUHVGHHGL¿FDELOLGDGGHWDOIRUPDTXHHQORV SODQHVXUEDQRVVHSUHYpQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHPiVGHYLYLHQGDV$OPHLGD &RPRHVWDSUHYLVLyQVXSHUDDPSOLDPHQWHODGHPDQGDORFDOHVWiFODURTXH OD YLYLHQGD HVWLPDGD HVWi GHVWLQDGD D OD VHJXQGD UHVLGHQFLD \ D OD GHPDQGD GH YLYLHQGDPHWURSROLWDQD CUADRO 5. Evolución de la construcción de vivienda 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 $OJDUURER Nerja Rincón Torrox 9pOH] C. Oriental Prov. Málaga )XHQWH&ROHJLRGH$UTXLWHFWRVGH0iODJD\'*GH$UTXLWHFWXUD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD 3. LA URBANIZACIÓN DIFUSA (QHOFDVRGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO\OD$[DUTXtDFRPDUFDFRQWLJXDHVWHIHQyPHQRKDDOFDQ]DGRXQGHVDUUROORH[WUDRUGLQDULRKDELpQGRVHFRQYHUWLGRHQXQRGH ORVSULQFLSDOHVSUREOHPDVTXHDIHFWDQDOWHUULWRULR/DLQWHUDFFLyQGHGLYHUVRVIHQyPHQRVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRV\DPELHQWDOHVKDFRQYHUJLGRHQHVWHHVSDFLRSDUDGDU OXJDU D XQ IHQyPHQR GH SULPHUD PDJQLWXG )XQGDPHQWDOPHQWH HO FLWDGR KHFKR VXUJHGHODFRPELQDFLyQGHODLQÀXHQFLDGHOWXULVPRODGHFDGHQFLDHFRQyPLFDGH ODDJULFXOWXUDODIDOWDGHXQGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRDGHFXDGRHOSDUFHODULRDWRPL]DGRODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQSREODPLHQWRWUDGLFLRQDOGLVSHUVRORVLQWHUHVHVSROtWLFRV \VRFLDOHVORFDOHVTXHKDQDOHQWDGRHOIHQyPHQRFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQODVWUDPDV FRUUXSWDVTXHKDQVXUJLGR (O LPSRUWDQWH OHJDGR FXOWXUDO H LQPRELOLDULR JHQHUDGR GXUDQWH VLJORV GH H[SORWDFLyQDJUtFRODIXHODEDVHGHOSULPHUFLFORGHLQYHUVRUHVWXULVWDVFOLPiWLFRV (QWUH ORV DxRV \ FRPHQ]DURQ D DSDUHFHU XQ EXHQ Q~PHUR GH H[WUDQMHURV GHHOHYDGRSRGHUHFRQyPLFRTXHVHVLHQWHDWUDtGRVSRUHOFOLPD\HOSDLVDMH(Q ORVDxRVGHOVLJOR;;VHLQFUHPHQWDODGHPDQGDGHODYLYLHQGDHQHOHVSDFLR UXUDO$O FRPSUDGRU H[WUDQMHUR VH XQH HO ORFDO (O SULPHUR VyOR SUHWHQGH WHQHU XQDUHVLGHQFLDSDUDHORFLRHVXQWXULVWDFOLPiWLFRSXURDXQTXHSXHGHWHQHUXQ FLHUWRDSUHFLRSRUHOYDORUSDWULPRQLDOGHODYLYLHQGD(OFRPSUDGRUORFDOGHVHD XQDVHJXQGDUHVLGHQFLDHQPXFKRVFDVRVODTXLHUHSDUDWHQHUXQFRQWDFWRFRQOD QDWXUDOH]D HQ HVSHFLDO FRQ OD DJULFXOWXUD (VWR GDUi SDVR D OD FRPSUDYHQWD GH FDVDVHQHOHVSDFLRUXUDO'HVGHORVDxRVKDVWDHOVHSURGXFLUiODJUDQ H[SORVLyQ XUEDQD HQ WRGD OD$[DUTXtD WDQWR HQ OD PRQWDxD FRPR HQ ORV OODQRV agrícolas. CUADRO 6. Viviendas en suelo rústico 1983 2007 (1983-07) (%) $OJDUURER Nerja Rincón Victoria Torrox 9pOH]0iODJD Costa Sol Oriental 2.922 7.211 146,78 $[DUTXtD 8.128 22.134 172,32 )XHQWH<XV\7RUUHV (OFUHFLPLHQWRGHODDFWLYLGDGXUEDQL]DGRUDHQHOVXHORQRXUEDQL]DEOHKDVLGR LQWHQVRHQOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDODSHVDUGHODDPSOLDRIHUWDGHVXHORXUEDQR \XUEDQL]DEOH\DSHVDUGHOLQFUHPHQWRGHOSUHFLRGHVXHORU~VWLFRTXHGHWRGRV PRGRVHVPiVEDUDWRTXHHOVXHORHQHOHVSDFLRXUEDQR$XQTXHHOIHQyPHQRHV DOJR PHQRU TXH HQ OD$[DUTXtD VH REVHUYD FRPR DOJXQRV PXQLFLSLRV FRVWHURV 5LQFyQGHOD9LFWRULDR7RUUR[KDQWHQLGRXQDH[SORVLyQGHXUEDQL]DFLyQGLIXVD WDQSRWHQWHFRPRHQHOHSLFHQWURGHOIHQyPHQRHQODFRPDUFDGHOD$[DUTXtD$OFDXFtQLQFUHPHQWRGHHQWUH\ROD9LxXHODXQSDUDHO PLVPRSHULRGRYLG&XDGUR/DDJULFXOWXUD\ODSHVFDWUDGLFLRQDOHVVXVWHQWRV GHODHFRQRPtDGHOD]RQDHQWUDURQHQXQDGHFDGHQFLDVLJQL¿FDWLYDDSDUWLUGHORV DxRVTXHVHDJUDYyFRQD¿QHVGHORVFRQODHQWUDGDGH(VSDxDHQOD&(( /RV FRQGLFLRQDQWHV DPELHQWDOHV KLFLHURQ HYLGHQWH TXH OD DJULFXOWXUD GH VHFDQR HQPRQWDxDHUDSRFRFRPSHWLWLYD'HHVWDIRUPDD¿QHVGHORVHODPSOLR\ GLVSHUVRSDUFHODULRGHVHFDQRVHHQFDPLQyKDFLDODDFWLYLGDGLQPRELOLDULD(VWH KHFKRVHREVHUYDFODUDPHQWHHQHOIXHUWHFUHFLPLHQWRGHODVLQPRELOLDULDVTXHVH SUHVHQWDURQWHPSUDQDPHQWHFRPRXQDGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDV CUADRO 7. Establecimientos inmobiliarios 1999 2008 (1999-08)(%) $OJDUURER Nerja Rincón Victoria Torrox 9pOH]0iODJD Costa Sol Oriental 440 2.675 507,95 $[DUTXtD 467 3.067 556,75 )XHQWH<XV\7RUUHV /DLQWHQVDDFWLYLGDGLQPRELOLDULDTXHVHKDH[WHQGLGRSRUHOVXHORQRXUEDQL]DEOH618GHOD&RVWD\GHOD$[DUTXtDKDVXSXHVWRODFUHDFLyQGHXQDPDQFKDXUEDQDGLIXVDGHKDV<XVTXHHQFDQWLGDGQRHVFRPSDUDEOH D OD DFWLYLGDG XUEDQL]DGRUDGH OD &RVWD TXH KD FRQVXPLGR PXFKRV PLOORQHVGH PHWURVFXDGUDGRVSHURODGLVSHUVLyQGHHVWHIHQyPHQRKDFRQVHJXLGRTXHFDVL WRGR HO VXHOR QR XUEDQL]DEOH HVWp DIHFWDGR D H[FHSFLyQ GH DOJXQDV ]RQDV SRFR DFFHVLEOHVGHOD6LHUUDGH$OPLMDUD\7HMHGD(OSDLVDMHWUDGLFLRQDOGHOD$[DUTXtD KDGHVDSDUHFLGRSDUDGDUOXJDUDXQVXEXUELRUXUDOXUEDQRTXHIRUPDSDUWHGHOD &RQXUEDFLyQGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2WURDVSHFWRGHVLQJXODULPSRUWDQFLDTXHH[SOLFDODH[SDQVLyQGHOIHQyPHQRGHODYLYLHQGDXQLIDPLOLDUHQVXHORU~VWLFRHVOD DFWLWXGGHODSREODFLyQORFDO\ORVLQWHUHVHVSROtWLFRV/DSREODFLyQORFDOKDYLVWR HVWHSURFHVRXUEDQL]DGRUFRPRXQHOHPHQWRPX\SRVLWLYRXQDVDOLGDTXHLQFUHPHQWDEDHOYDORUGHXQRVDFWLYRVTXHHVWDEDQHQGHFDGHQFLDSDUFHODVGHVHFDQR /DXUEDQL]DFLyQGHOFDPSRQRKDVLGRSHUFLELGDFRPRXQKHFKRQHJDWLYRHVPiV VH KD SUHVLRQDGR LQWHQVDPHQWH DO SRGHU SROtWLFR SDUD LPSXOVDUD HVWH SURFHVR TXHHUDXQD©IXHQWHGHULTXH]DªSDUDODSREODFLyQ/RVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVSROtWLFRV KDQDFWXDGRGHVGHODLQGLIHUHQFLDIUHQWHDOIHQyPHQRKDVWDFRPRGLQDPL]DGRUHV GHO SURFHVR (Q DOJXQRV FDVRV KDQ VLGR HOHPHQWRV GHVHQFDGHQDQWHV GH WUDPDV FRUUXSWDV(OPLQLIXQGLVPRKDSURYRFDGRTXHXQDJUDQSDUWHGHOHOHFWRUDGRSDUWLFLSDVHHQHOSURFHVRXUEDQL]DGRUHVGHFLUHOXUEDQLVPRGLIXVRHUD\HVSRSXODU H LQWHUYLHQH GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ ORV FRPLFLRV ORFDOHV (Q UHVXPHQ DOJXQRV GH ORV HOHPHQWRVTXHGHEtDQKDEHUIUHQDGRHOSURFHVRSREODFLyQORFDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQ ORFDO \ UHJLRQDO HWF QR KDQ DFWXDGR \ FXDQGR OR KDQ KHFKR OD MXVWLFLD VH KD HQFRQWUDGRFRQODHQRUPHPDJQLWXGGHOIHQyPHQR$WRGRHOORKD\TXHDxDGLU OD UHFLHQWH DFWLWXG OHJDOL]DGRUD GH OD $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ 5HJLRQDO TXH WHUPLQDUtD VDQWL¿FDQGRHOSURFHVRXUEDQL]DGRU'LDULR(O3DtV 3. EL PROCESO URBANIZADOR (O SURFHVR XUEDQL]DGRU IXH UHODWLYDPHQWHOHQWR GHVGH ¿QDOHV GH ORV DxRV KDVWD¿QHVGHORVDxRVGHOSDVDGRVLJOR$SDUWLUGHDKtHOIHQyPHQRKDVXIULGR XQDIXHUWHDFHOHUDFLyQJUDFLDVDODWHUPLQDFLyQGHOD$XWRYtDGHO0HGLWHUUiQHR HQ HO WUDPR GH OD 3URYLQFLD GH 0iODJD OD VDWXUDFLyQ GH OD &RVWD 2FFLGHQWDO \ VREUHWRGRGHELGRDOIXHUWHFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRTXHVHUHJLVWUyKDVWD 6HKDUHDOL]DGRXQHVWXGLRGHODKXHOODXUEDQL]DGRUDHQWUHVIHFKDVSDUDSRGHU HVWXGLDUHOSURFHVR\/RVGDWRVH[WUDtGRVVHKDQWUDVODGDGRD ODFDUWRJUDItDDGMXQWD)LJXUDV\ FIGURA 1. Espacios urbanizados. Costa del Sol, 1957. (QSULPHUOXJDUKD\TXHGHVWDFDUHOJUDQFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQtVWLFRTXHVHKD SURGXFLGR6HKDSDVDGRGHORVPLOOGHPXUEDQL]DGRVHQDORV PLOO GH P GH OR TXH VXSRQH XQ FUHFLPLHQWR JOREDO GH PLOORQHV GH P HQWH ODV GRV IHFKDV (O FRQVXPR GH VXHOR VH KD LQFUHPHQWDGR HQ YHFHV YLG&XDGUR FIGURA 2. Espacios urbanizados. Costa del Sol, 1998. FIGURA 3. Espacios urbanizados. Costa del Sol, 2005. CUADRO 8. Distribución de los espacios urbanizados (m2). 1957-2005 1957 Núcleos urbanos tradicionales Núcleos diseminados Urbanización extensiva (turística, 2º residencia, etc.) TOTAL Rincón de la Victoria 9pOH]0iODJD $OJDUURER Torrox Nerja TOTAL (M²) 1.171.767,62 589.431,41 77.962,58 1.839.161,61 1998 Núcleos tradicionales Núcleos diseminados Urbanización extensiva TOTAL Rincón de la Victoria 9pOH]0iODJD $OJDUURER Torrox Nerja TOTAL (M²) 4.239.317,23 2.548.674,60 7.072.645,34 13.860.637,17 2005 Núcleos tradicionales Núcleos diseminados Urbanización extensiva TOTAL Rincón de la Victoria 9pOH]0iODJD $OJDUURER Torrox Nerja TOTAL (M²) 4.832.023,30 3.264.444,08 9.515.769,16 17.612.236,54 )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD3UR\HFWR,' CUADRO3RUFHQWDMHGHVXSHU¿FLHXUEDQL]DGDSRUPXQLFLSLRVHQ Sup. Municipal Total (m2) Sup. Urbanizada 2005 (m2) % Urbanización 2005 municipio Rincón de la Victoria 9pOH]0iODJD $OJDUURER Torrox Nerja Costa Sol Oriental 331.065.372,21 17.612.236,54 5,32 )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD3UR\HFWR,' (OFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQtVWLFRQRVHKDSURGXFLGRSRULJXDOHQWUHORVPXQLFLSLRV GHOD&RVWD5LQFyQGHOD9LFWRULDHVHOTXHKDH[SHULPHQWDGRXQPD\RULQFUHPHQWR XQ HQWUH \ (Q HVWD ~OWLPD IHFKD HO GHO WpUPLQR PXQLFLSDO KDEtD VLGR XUEDQL]DGR VLQ FRQWDU HO VXHOR FODVL¿FDGR FRPR XUEDQL]DEOHSRUORTXHHQIHFKDVSUy[LPDVHVWHSRUFHQWDMHVHHOHYDUiVXSHUDQGR HO1RKD\TXHROYLGDUORVIXHUWHVFRQGLFLRQDQWHVRURJUi¿FRVTXHKDQOLPLWDGRODH[SDQVLyQGHODXUEDQL]DFLyQSHURDSHVDUGHHOORVLJXHFUHFLHQGRKDFLDODV VLHUUDVLQWHULRUHVXQDYH]XUEDQL]DGRWRGRHOIUHQWHOLWRUDOFRQXQDSURIXQGLGDG GHXQRVGRVNLOyPHWURV/DPD\RUVXSHU¿FLHXUEDQL]DGDODDSRUWD9pOH]0iODJD PLOOPDXQTXHHVHOPXQLFLSLRPiVH[WHQVR 'LVWLQJXLHQGR FDGD XQD GH ODV SLH]DV XUEDQDV VH SXHGH GHFLU VLQ QLQJ~Q JpQHUR GH GXGD TXH OR TXH KD FUHFLGR FRQ PiV IXHU]D HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV KD VLGR ODV XUEDQL]DFLRQHV UHVLGHQFLDOHV \D VHD FRPR VHJXQGD UHVLGHQFLD R SULPHUD 6L HQ VX SUHVHQFLD HUD FDVL WHVWLPRQLDO FDVL P HQ HO DxR VXSRQtDQ KDV FRQ XQ FUHFLPLHQWR GHO HQWUH \ YLG&XDGUR/DIXQFLyQGHORVQ~FOHRVGLVHPLQDGRVHUDODUHVLGHQFLD SHUPDQHQWHRWHPSRUDOGHGLFDGDDODH[SORWDFLyQGHORVHVSDFLRVUXUDOHV/DH[SORWDFLyQDJUtFRODGHODPRQWDxD\VXGL¿FXOWDGGHDFFHVRIDYRUHFLyODFUHDFLyQ GHSHTXHxDVSREODFLRQHVGLVSHUVDV/DH[SRUWDFLyQGHVGHOD&RVWDKDFLDLQWHULRU GHO IHQyPHQR XUEDQL]DGRU \ UHVLGHQFLDO KD GLVSDUDGR HO FUHFLPLHQWR GH ORV GLVHPLQDGRV HQ RWURV WLHPSRV FDVL DEDQGRQDGRV$Vt SXHV ORV GLVHPLQDGRV VRQ ODVSLH]DVXUEDQtVWLFDVTXHPiVKDQDXPHQWDGRXQHQWUH\ DOFDQ]DGRORV PLOOGHP (Q WpUPLQRV DEVROXWRV HVWRV Q~FOHRV KDQ FUHFLGR PiVHQ9pOH]0iODJDOOHJDQGRDVXPDUPiVGHPLOOGHPPLHQWUDVTXHHO PD\RULQFUHPHQWRVHKDUHJLVWUDGRHQ7RUUR[HQWUH\(VWH PXQLFLSLR VXIUH XQD H[WHQVtVLPD SURSDJDFLyQ GH OD XUEDQL]DFLyQ GLIXVD HQ VX ]RQDUXUDODOLJXDOTXHRWURVPXQLFLSLRVFROLQGDQWHVFRPR&yPSHWD1RSDUHFH GLVSDUDWDGRTXHHQXQIXWXURSUy[LPRODH[WHQVLyQGHORVGLVHPLQDGRVVXSHUHDO VXHORXUEDQRFRQVROLGDGR (O FUHFLPLHQWR GH ORV FDVFRV WUDGLFLRQDOHV XUEDQL]DFLyQ FRPSDFWD KD VLGR PXFKR PiV OHQWD (QWUH \ HO VyOR DXPHQWy XQ (VWDV SLH]DV SDUHFHQ HVWDU DO PDUJHQ GH ORV SRGHURVRV IHQyPHQRV XUEDQL]DGRUHV TXH VH HVWiQ SURGXFLHQGR HQ OD &RVWD (O FUHFLPLHQWR FRPSDFWR GH ORV HVSDFLRV XUEDQRV WUDGLFLRQDOHVKDVLGRVXSHUDGRDPSOLDPHQWHSRUHOFUHFLPLHQWRH[WHQVLYRGHODV XUEDQL]DFLRQHVUHVLGHQFLDOHV\GHOXUEDQLVPRGLIXVRHQHO618IDYRUHFLHQGRXQ PRGHORXUEDQRPHQRVVRVWHQLEOH $ ODV FLIUDV GH OD KXHOOD XUEDQL]DGRUD VH SRGUtD DxDGLU HO VXHOR XUEDQL]DEOH PDWHULD SULPD SXHVWD HQ FDUJD SDUD JHQHUDU PiV VXHOR XUEDQR H LQFUHPHQWDU HO SURFHVRXUEDQL]DGRU(QHODxR\VHJ~QORVSODQHVXUEDQtVWLFRVYLJHQWHVHO VXHORXUEDQL]DEOHHQOD&RVWDGHO6RODVFHQGtDDKDVORTXHGDLGHD GHODPDJQLWXGGHOIHQyPHQRXUEDQtVWLFRLQPRELOLDULR$OPHLGD 4. 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Contexto y tendencias de la expansión urbanizadora /D H[SDQVLyQ XUEDQL]DGRUD HQ OD SURYLQFLD GH$OLFDQWH KD HVWDGR HQ EXHQD PHGLGD YLQFXODGD DO WXULVPR \ YLFHYHUVD *$-$ /DV ]RQDV XUEDQDV VH FRQFHQWUDQSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQORVPXQLFLSLRVOLWRUDOHVWXUtVWLFRVGRQGHWDPELpQ VH SURGXFHQ ODV PD\RUHV FRQFHQWUDFLRQHV GH YLYLHQGDV \ GHQVLGDGHV GH SREODFLyQ (VWH SURFHVR GH RFXSDFLyQ OLWRUDO VH LQLFLy D SDUWLU GH OD OOHJDGD GH ORV SULPHURV WXULVWDV D PHGLDGRV GH VLJOR ;; DXQTXH OD SULPHUD RFXSDFLyQ GH OD FRVWD VH UHDOL]y FRQ WRUUHV GH DSDUWDPHQWRV FRQ XQD FLHUWD GHQVL¿FDFLyQ *2=È/9(=HWDO\XQDRFXSDFLyQXUEDQDGHOVXHORPRGHUDGD$SDUWLUGH ORV DxRV VHVHQWD HO UpJLPHQ IUDQTXLVWD IDYRUHFLy OD FRQVWLWXFLyQ GH XQ PRGHOR GHFUHFLPLHQWRFX\DHYROXFLyQTXHGyOLJDGDGHPDQHUDIXQGDPHQWDODOGHVDUUROOR GHOWXULVPR\ODFRQVWUXFFLyQ'Ë$=/285e6(VWHPRGHORVHKD UHSURGXFLGR GXUDQWH ODV VLJXLHQWHV GpFDGDV HQ WRGD OD IUDQMD OLWRUDO GHVWDFDQGR ORVFXDWURDUFRVFRVWHURVIRUPDGRVSRUORVQ~FOHRVGH'pQLD%HQLGRUP$OLFDQWH \6DQWD3ROD7RUUHYLHMD*2=È/9(=HWDO 'HVGHORVDxRVODFRLQFLGHQFLDGHIDFWRUHVHFRQyPLFRV\SROtWLFRVDFHOHUD HO PRGHOR GH FUHFLPLHQWR /D ERQDQ]D HFRQyPLFD HQFXHQWUD HQ HO VXHOR XQ VRSRUWH GH YDORU FRQ HO TXH PXOWLSOLFDU ORV EHQH¿FLRV GH ODV LQYHUVLRQHV FIGURA&RQWH[WRJHRJUi¿FRGHODSURYLQFLDGH$OLFDQWH &RQWH[WR JHRJUi¿FR GH OD SURYLQFLD GH$OLFDQWH VLWXDGD HQ HO OLWRUDO PHGLWHUUiQHR HVSDxRO D $OLFDQWHHVXQDGHODVSURYLQFLDVPiVLQWHQVDPHQWHXUEDQL]DGDVGHO(VWDGR0iVGHODPLWDGGHOD VXSHU¿FLHHQODIUDQMDFRVWHUDHVWiRFXSDGDSRU]RQDVXUEDQDVEGDQGROXJDUDXQDFRQXUEDFLyQ OLWRUDOGHQVDPHQWHSREODGDTXHSUiFWLFDPHQWHVHH[WLHQGHGHQRUWHDVXUGHODSURYLQFLDF )XHQWH,QVWLWXWR*HRJUi¿FR1DFLRQDOZZZFQLJHV!H,QVWLWXW9DOHQFLjG¶(VWDGtVWLFDZZZLYHHV! 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IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA ZONA DE ESTUDIO /DUHJLyQXUEDQDGH9DOHQFLD589iPELWRGHHVWXGLRGHODSUHVHQWHFRPXQLFDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGHDOQ~FOHRFHQWUDOGHOÈUHD0HWURSROLWDQDGH9DOHQFLDFRQ ODVVXEFRPDUFDVGHEDVHJHRKLVWyULFDGHO¶+RUWD1RUG+RUWD2HVW+RUWD6XG\ GHO PXQLFLSLR GH9DOHQFLD \ D ODV FRPDUFDV GHO &DPS GH 0RUYHGUH &DPS GH 7~ULD+R\DGH%XxRO5LEHUD$OWD5LEHUD%DL[D\$OWR3DODQFLD$HVWDiUHDVH KDQDxDGLGRXQRVSRFRVPXQLFLSLRVOLPtWURIHVGH/RV6HUUDQRV\GHOD3ODQDGH 8WLHO5HTXHQD (QWRWDOKDEODPRVGHXQiUHDFX\RSHVRHQOD&RPXQLWDW9DOHQFLDQDSXHGH YHUVHHQHOVLJXLHQWHFXDGUR CUADRO 1. Datos de la zona de estudio Municipios 6XSHU¿FLHHQKD Habitantes RUV C. VALENCIANA % RUV/CV )XHQWH,9(\&DUWRJUDItD&25,1((ODERUDFLyQ3URSLD )XHQWHHODERUDFLyQSURSLD FIGURA 1. Región urbana de Valencia (RUV). )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD FIGURA 2. 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Corredores analizados. )XHQWHHODERUDFLyQSURSLD $WODV(VWDGtVWLFRGHODVÈUHDV8UEDQDVGH(VSDxD3RUWDO6LVWHPDVGH,QIRUPDFLyQXUEDQD0LQLVWHULRGH)RPHQWRKWWSVLXYLYLHQGDHVSRUWDO&RQVXOWDUHDOL]DGDHOGHDEULOGH 3DUDFDGDXQRGHHVWRVHMHVVHKDSURFHGLGRDXQDQiOLVLVGHODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVGHVXHOR\GHORVXVRVDFWXDOHVGHOPLVPRYpDVHHOFXDGURVLJXLHQWH TABLA6XHORVDUWL¿FLDOHVHQKHFWiUHDVSRUJUDQGHVFRUUHGRUHVKDV Eje Norte NNW NW Sur SE SW Oeste 1990 2000 2006 Aumento 1990-06 )XHQWH&DUWRJUDItD&25,1((ODERUDFLyQSURSLD (Q HVWH FDVR ORV PD\RUHV FUHFLPLHQWRV HQ GDWRV DEVROXWRV HQWUH \ VHKDQSURGXFLGRHQHOFRUUHGRU1:&9KD\HQHO6XU9 $ KD$PERV VRQ HMHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV GH H[SDQVLyQ XUEDQD UHVLGHQFLDO HVSHFLDOPHQWHHOQRURHVWHTXHFRQGXFHD/OtULDFRQXQGHVDUUROORVHFXODUGHOD VHJXQGDUHVLGHQFLD\GHODVQXHYDVXUEDQL]DFLRQHV3RUHOFRQWUDULRORVPHQRUHV FUHFLPLHQWRVVHSURGXFHQHQORVFRUUHGRUHV6(DXWRSLVWD$3HQGLUHFFLyQDOD FRVWD\6:&97RUUHQW3RUORTXHVHUH¿HUHDOFUHFLPLHQWRHQSRUFHQWDMH VHFRQVWDWDDOJ~QFDPELRLQWHUHVDQWH TABLA&UHFLPLHQWRGHORVVXHORVDUWL¿FLDOHV &UHFLPLHQWRGHOVXHORDUWL¿FLDOHQ Eje Norte NNW NW Sur SE SW Oeste 90-00 00-06 90-06 INTERANUAL 1990-06 )XHQWH&DUWRJUDItD&25,1((ODERUDFLyQSURSLD &RPRSXHGHGHGXFLUVHGHORVGDWRVHOQRUWHGHOD589HMHQRUWHGHODDQWLJXDFDUUHWHUDGH%DUFHORQDR9\11:HMHGHOUtR3DOHQFLDR$KDSURWD JRQL]DGRLQWHQVRVSURFHVRVGHFUHFLPLHQWRGHVXHORDUWL¿FLDOHQWUH\ -XQWR D HVWD iUHD VHSWHQWULRQDO GHEH KDFHUVH PHQFLyQ DO IXHUWH FUHFLPLHQWR GHO VXHORDUWL¿FLDOHQHOFRUUHGRURHVWHDXWRYtDGH0DGULG$\HQHOVXUHVWULFWR 3LVWDGH6LOODRVDOLGDKDFLD$OLFDQWH9$&RQWRGRHOUHVWRGHHMHVGH ODPLWDGPHULGLRQDOGHOD589QRKDQFRQRFLGRWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVWDQLQWHQVDV SRUORTXHHVGHHVSHUDUPHQRUSUHVLyQVREUHHOWHUULWRULRHQXQIXWXURSUy[LPR $VtSXHVDWHQGLHQGRDORVGDWRVDQDOL]DGRVSRGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHGHVGH HOVXHORDUWL¿FLDOKDFUHFLGRFRQLQWHQVLGDGHQOD]RQDQRUWHGHOD589XQ GH WRGR HO VXHOR WUDQVIRUPDGR FDVL GXSOLFDQGR VX H[WHQVLyQ HQ iUHDV FRPR OD GHO 3DOjQFLD VLJXLpQGROH OD ]RQD RHVWH GH OD 589 FUHFLPLHQWR GH FDVLHO 3. 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Actividades creativas en la aglomeración metropolitana de Sevilla (2009) ACTIVIDADES EMPRESAS PORCENTAJE TRABAJADORES PORCENTAJE $UWHVJUi¿FDV\UHSURGXFFLyQ GHVRSRUWHVJUDEDGRV Edición &LQHWHOHYLVLyQP~VLFDHWF 3URJUDPDFLyQ\HPLVLyQGH radio y televisión $UTXLWHFWXUDHLQJHQLHUtD 3XEOLFLGDG\HVWXGLRVGH PHUFDGR 'LVHxRIRWRJUDItD« Creación artística y espectáFXORV 2.164 4,15% del total actividades %LEOLRWHFDVDUFKLYRV\PXVHRV ACTIVIDADES CREATIVAS ACTIVIDADES BASADAS EN EL CONOCIMIENTO TOTAL ACTIVIDADES 14,77% del 7.701 total actividades 52.124 100 5,13% del 28.655 total actividades 24,30% 135.708 del total ctividades 558.550 100 )XHQWH7HVRUHUtD*HQHUDOGHOD6HJXULGDG6RFLDO 3RUORTXHVHUH¿HUHDVXFRPSRUWDPLHQWRWHUULWRULDOODFRQFHQWUDFLyQHVPX\ DOWD HQ OD FLXGDG GH 6HYLOOD HYLGHQFLDQGR VX FRQGLFLyQ GH Q~FOHR FHQWUDO GH OD DJORPHUDFLyQ $ FRQVLGHUDEOH GLVWDQFLD GH OD DQWHULRU GHVWDFDQ DVt PLVPR ORV PXQLFLSLRVGH'RV+HUPDQDV\$OFDOiGH*XDGDtUDHQHVWUHFKDFRLQFLGHQFLDFRQ ODVSDXWDVGHORFDOL]DFLyQVHJXLGDVSRUODVDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDVHQVXFRQMXQWR )LJXUD FIGURA 2. Trabajadores en actividades creativas (2009). )XHQWH7HVRUHUtD*HQHUDOGHOD6HJXULGDG6RFLDO FIGURA 3. Cociente de localización de actividades creativas (nº de trabajadores 2009). )XHQWH7HVRUHUtD*HQHUDOGHOD6HJXULGDG6RFLDO 3DUD SRGHU PDWL]DU ODV GLIHUHQFLDV WHUULWRULDOHV VH KD DQDOL]DGR HO JUDGR GH HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQHQFDGDXQRGHORVQXHYHJUXSRVTXHFRQIRUPDQODVDFWLYLGDGHV FUHDWLYDV XWLOL]DQGR SDUD HOOR ORV FRFLHQWHV GH ORFDOL]DFLyQ GHO HPSOHR 6HJ~Q PXHVWUDOD¿JXUDHQJHQHUDOORVYDORUHVGHOFRFLHQWHQRVRQPX\DOWRVORTXH HVOyJLFRVLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDOROLPLWDGRGHVXSHVRHQODHFRQRPtDGHOiPELWR &DEHUHDOL]DUVLQHPEDUJRDOJXQDVPDWL]DFLRQHVGHLQWHUpV(OJUDGRGHHVSHFLDOL]DFLyQGH6HYLOODFDSLWDOGHVWDFDSUiFWLFDPHQWHHQWRGDVODVDFWLYLGDGHV&RPR FRQWUDSXQWRDORDQWHULRUQRH[LVWHQDFWLYLGDGHVFUHDWLYDVHQEXHQDSDUWHGHORV PXQLFLSLRVRFFLGHQWDOHVPiVDOHMDGRVGHODFLXGDGFHQWUDOPLHQWUDVORVPiVFHUFDQRVDODPLVPDDOFDQ]DQYDORUHVVLJQL¿FDWLYRVHQEXHQDSDUWHGHORVVHFWRUHV 3. 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Nuevos contratos en actividades creativas (2009). Nº TOTAL % 100 (13,55 del total) (5,80 del total) % SOBRE EL TOTAL DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DHTXLSDPLHQWRVFXOWXUDOHVGHFDUiFWHUS~EOLFRDVtFRPRGHPublicidad y estudios de mercado y Arquitectura e ingeniería, eVWDV~OWLPDVFRQSUREOHPDVGHFODVL¿cación, tal y FRPR\DVHKDVHxDODGRUHLWHUDGDPHQWH)LJXUD FIGURA1XHYRVFRQWUDWRVLQGH¿QLGRVVHJ~QFXDOL¿FDFLyQGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHV (% en 2009). )XHQWH,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH(PSOHR FIGURA 5. Distribución territorial de los nuevos contratos en actividades creativas (2009). Fuente: Instituto Nacional de Empleo. 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EL PAISAJE URBANO: UNA DEFINICIÓN /DGH¿QLFLyQWUDGLFLRQDOGHOSDLVDMHPXFKDVYHFHVKDHVWDGROLJDGDDODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHDTXHOORVHOHPHQWRVTXHGHVWDFDQHQXQWHUULWRULRSRUVXVDVSHFWRV VLQJXODUHV R GHVWDFDGRV R ELHQ SRU OD PHUD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ HVWpWLFD /ySH] %RQLOORSHURVLWRPDPRVODGH¿QLFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDHQHO&RQYHQLR(XURSHR del PaisajeSRGHPRVREVHUYDUFRPRHVDYLVLyQWUDGLFLRQDOSXHGHVHUDPSOLDGD \FRPSOHWDGDFRQPXFKRVPDWLFHV'HHVWDIRUPDVHREWLHQHXQDGH¿QLFLyQPiV FRPSOHWD\GLQiPLFDTXHSRVWHULRUPHQWHSRGUHPRVUHODFLRQDUFRQORVSURFHVRV SDUWLFLSDWLYRV\FRQODSODQL¿FDFLyQXUEDQD /DGH¿QLFLyQGDGDHQHO&RQYHQLRHVODVLJXLHQWH «El paisaje es un área, tal como la percibe la población, cuyo carácter sea el resultado de la acción e interacción de factores naturales y/o humanos» (OFRQFHSWRGHSDLVDMHVHFRPSOHPHQWDHQHODUWtFXORGHO&RQYHQLR(XURSHR GHO3DLVDMHGRQGHVHHVSHFL¿FDHOiPELWRGHDSOLFDFLyQGHOPLVPR «… es de aplicación para todo el territorio, considerando tanto las áreas naturales, rurales, urbanas y periurbanas» 6L H[WUDSRODPRV OD GH¿QLFLyQ D ODV ]RQDV XUEDQDV SRGHPRV SHQVDU TXH OD FRPSRQHQWHQDWXUDOGHORVSDLVDMHVXUEDQRVQRHVUHOHYDQWH\DTXHSUHGRPLQDQ ORVHOHPHQWRVDQWUySLFRV3HURUHDOPHQWHQRVHGHEHLQWHUSUHWDUGHHVWHPRGR\ FDGDYH]PiVVHDQDOL]DHOHVSDFLRQDWXUDOSUHVHQWHHQODV]RQDVSHULIpULFDVHQ ORVLQWHUVWLFLRVXUEDQRV\HQiUHDVGHERUGH (QGH¿QLWLYDHOFRQFHSWRGHSDLVDMHXUEDQRYLHQHGDGRSRUODFRQVLGHUDFLyQ GHXQDLPDJHQSHUFLELGDGHOHVSDFLRXUEDQRTXHVHUHODFLRQDFRQXQDVHULHGH FDPELRV SURGXFLGRV VHJ~Q OD HWDSDKLVWyULFD8Q HMHPSORGH OD PLVPD VHUtD OD GH¿QLFLyQGDGDSRU)HUUHUL$L[DOi: «…sería entonces la síntesis última —siempre momentánea— de la evolución de un ambiente o espacio urbano determinado, la cual sintetiza los sucesivos estados anteriores e integra el conjunto de intervenciones recibidas». /D FRQVLGHUDFLyQ GH ODV GLQiPLFDV XUEDQDV WXYR WDPELpQ VX UHÀHMR HQ OD &RQYHQFLyQGH)ORUHQFLDGHODxRGRQGHVHUDWL¿FRHO&RQYHQLRGHO3DLVDMH \GRQGHVHLQWURGXMHURQXQDVHULHGHFXHVWLRQHVFODYHVDODKRUDGHDERUGDUORV SURFHVRVGHVDUUROODGRVHQORVHVSDFLRVXUEDQRVWDOHVFRPR í /DEDQDOL]DFLyQGHORVHQWRUQRVXUEDQRV í /DLQVRVWHQLELOLGDGGHGHVDUUROORV\SODQL¿FDFLRQHV í /DHVWDQGDUL]DFLyQ í /DViUHDVXUEDQDVGHQVDV KWWSZZZFRHLQWWGJFXOWXUHKHULWDJHKHULWDJHODQGVFDSH )(55(5 , $,;$/È $ ©/D YDORUDFLyQ \ JHVWLyQ GHO SDLVDMH XUEDQR HVWUDWHJLDV GH DFWXDFLyQªHQ=RLGR)\9HQHJDV&FRRUGPaisaje y Ordenación del Territorio. 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PROCESOS PARTICIPATIVOS EN LA PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA 3DUWLHQGR GH QXHYR GH ODV FXHVWLRQHV HVWDEOHFLGDV HQ HO &RQYHQLR (XURSHR GHO3DLVDMHGRQGHDGHPiVGHODGH¿QLFLyQDQWHULRUPHQWHFRPHQWDGDVHHVSHFL¿FDQQXHYDVIRUPDVGHHQWHQGHUHOFRQFHSWRGHSDLVDMHSRGHPRVD¿UPDUTXHVH URPSHFRQODWUDGLFLRQDOLGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHOSDLVDMHFRPRXQDSDUWHGHOWHUULWRULR TXHGHVWDFDSRUVXVLQJXODULGDGRH[FHSFLRQDOLGDG$VtHQHOSUHiPEXORVHGD XQDQXHYDYLVLyQGHOFRQFHSWRTXHYDPiVDOOiGHODWUDGLFLRQDO «el paisaje es una parte importante de la calidad de vida de la población: en áreas urbanas y en el campo, en áreas degradadas y en áreas con una calidad elevada, en áreas en las cuales se reconoce una belleza destacada y en áreas cotidianas» $VLPLVPR\SDUDGHVWDFDUTXHHOFRQFHSWRGHSDLVDMHVHYLQFXODWDPELpQFRQ ODV]RQDVXUEDQDVHO&RQYHQLRHVSHFL¿FDYDULDVYHFHVHQVXDUWLFXODGRODDSOLFDFLyQGHOFRQFHSWRDOPHGLRXUEDQRFRPRRFXUUHHQHODUWtFXORGHOPLVPR&RQ HVWDVSUHPLVDVVHUHODFLRQDODSHUFHSFLyQ\ODYDORUDFLyQTXHWLHQHQODVSHUVRQDV UHVSHFWRDVXWHUULWRULRFRQXQEDJDMHTXHSXHGHVHUPX\SURYHFKRVRSDUDGHFLGLU QXHYDVLQLFLDWLYDV\SUR\HFWRVDPSOLDFLyQFRQVHUYDFLyQUHKDELOLWDFLyQPHMRUD GHODVSRVLEOHVGH¿FLHQFLDVHWF 3RU WDQWR OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ S~EOLFD SXHGH VHU HO SURFHGLPLHQWR TXH FDQDOLFH WRGR HVH FRQRFLPLHQWR H LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GHO WHUULWRULR SDUD JHQHUDU ODV SDXWDV D VHJXLUGHEDWLURGHVDUUROODU (VWD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ KD WUDVFHQGLGR SRVWHULRUPHQWHHQ QRUPDWLYDV UHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOSDLVDMHFRPRKDRFXUULGRHQODSURPXOJDGDHQOD&RPXQLGDG9DOHQFLDQDR&DWDOXxD(QXQFODURWUDVYDVHRLQÀXHQFLDGHODQXHYDFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHO SDLVDMHGHVGHHOFRQMXQWRGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHDKDFLDORVSDtVHVPLHPEURV\ODV GLIHUHQWHVUHJLRQHVFRPRRFXUUHHQQXHVWURSDtVSRUHOWUDVSDVRGHFRPSHWHQFLDV KDFLDODV&RPXQLGDGHVDXWyQRPDV &RQ HVWDV FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV VH SXHGH HVWDEOHFHU XQD FODUD UHODFLyQ HQWUH ORV SDLVDMHVFRWLGLDQRVGHODPD\RUtDGHODVSHUVRQDVHVGHFLUODV]RQDVXUEDQDV\ ORVSURFHVRVSDUWLFLSDWLYRVSDUDODWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHVDQLYHOWHUULWRULDO 4.1. El caso valenciano: la normativa derivada de la Ley 4/2004 de Ordenación del Territorio y Protección del Paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana. 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'H¿QLFLyQGHODVDJORPHUDFLRQHVPHWURSROLWDQDVDQDOL]DGDV /D GH¿QLFLyQ GHO PDUFR WHUULWRULDO DSDUHFH HQ HO SODQWHDPLHQWR GHVDUUROODGR FRPRXQSDVRSUHYLRGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDSDUDDOFDQ]DUXQRVUHVXOWDGRVDFRUGHV FRQORVREMHWLYRVSURSXHVWRV3DUDHOORVHKDSULYLOHJLDGRODGHOLPLWDFLyQHVSDFLDO IXQGDPHQWDGDHQHODQiOLVLVGHODPRYLOLGDGUHVLGHQFLDWUDEDMR\UHVLGHQFLDOSDUD SURSRQHU XQ SURFHVR GH DJUHJDFLyQ GH ORV PXQLFLSLRV TXH VH DSUR[LPH D XQD EXHQD GH¿QLFLyQ GH ODV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDV EDVDGD HQ HO XVR FRPSDUWLGR GHO HVSDFLR)HUULD7RUULELR-0 (O GHVDUUROOR GH HVWH SODQWHDPLHQWR HQ HO PDUFR DQGDOX]D KD GDGR OXJDU D P~OWLSOHV SXEOLFDFLRQHV TXH SHUPLWHQ QR VRODPHQWH HQWHQGHU ODV GHOLPLWDFLRQHV UHDOL]DGDVVLQRWDPELpQDSRUWDUHOHPHQWRVGHUHVSXHVWDQRYHGRVRVVREUHORVSURFHVRVGHFRQVROLGDFLyQHQUHODFLyQFRQHOUHVWRGHOFRQMXQWRQDFLRQDOOOHYiQGRQRV DHOHJLUFLQFRVRQODVDJORPHUDFLRQHVSRUVXVGLIHUHQFLDVHQVXVSURFHVRVGHFUHDFLyQ QLYHOHV GH FRQVROLGDFLyQ \ GLYHUVLGDGHV RUJDQL]DFLRQDOHV &iGL]-HUH] GH OD)URQWHUD*UDQDGD0iODJD0DUEHOOD6HYLOODVLHQGR6HYLOOD\0iODJDODVPiV LPSRUWDQWHVSRUVXWDPDxRSREODFLRQDO\0DUEHOODODPiVSHTXHxD)LJXUD 'HVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDWHUULWRULDOVLELHQVHGHEHVXEUD\DUTXHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODVXQLGDGHVEiVLFDVGHDJUHJDFLyQKDFHQGHOWHMLGRXUEDQRXQHOHPHQWR UHVLGXDOHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHOFRQMXQWRGLFKRFRPSRQHQWHHVIXQGDPHQWDOHQ FIGURA 1. Áreas metropolitanas incluidas en el estudio. )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD HO HQWHQGLPLHQWR GH OD OyJLFD JOREDO 'H 2OLYHLUD 1HYHV * (Q HO FDVR GH 6HYLOOD FRPR *UDQDGD \ &iGL]-HUH] GH OD )URQWHUD HO HVSDFLR FRQVWUXLGR QRUHSUHVHQWDPiVGHOGHOWHUULWRULRFRQXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOWHMLGRXUEDQR TXH UHVSRQGH D XQ PRGHOR UDGLRFpQWULFR EDVWDQWH FRPSDFWR PLHQWUDV OD DJORPHUDFLyQ JDGLWDQD VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU XQD GLVWULEXFLyQ SROLFpQWULFD GLVFRQWLQXD \ ODV DJORPHUDFLRQHV GH OD FRVWD PHGLWHUUiQHD OLQHDOHV RVWHQWDQ XQ QLYHO GH XUEDQL]DFLyQTXHGREODODVDQWHULRUHV\DTXHVRQDVHQWDPLHQWRVXUEDQRVTXHKDQ H[SHULPHQWDGR HO PD\RU LQFUHPHQWR GH VX GHQVLGDG GH SREODFLyQ HQWUH \ 'H2OLYHLUD1HYHV* 'H¿QLFLyQGHORVFULWHULRV\PpWRGRVGHHYDOXDFLyQGHODVRVWHQLELOLGDG socioespacial de la dinámica metropolitana /DGH¿QLFLyQGHORVFULWHULRVGHHYDOXDFLyQGHODVRVWHQLELOLGDGVRFLRHVSDFLDO GHODGLQiPLFDPHWURSROLWDQDGHGLFKDVDJORPHUDFLRQHVVHEDVDHQODHYDOXDFLyQ GHOQLYHOGHFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVGLYHUVRVSDUiPHWURVVHOHFFLRQDGRVHQIXQFLyQGH XQPRGHORTXHSUHVHUYDWDQWRODGLYHUVLGDGHVSDFLDOFRPRVRFLRGHPRJUi¿FDHQ XQPDUFRTXHUHVSRQGHDFULWHULRVGHVRVWHQLELOLGDGFODURV 'HELGRDOFDUiFWHUSURIXQGDPHQWHH[SHULPHQWDOGHHVWDSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQ \DODHVFDVH]GHSXEOLFDFLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOODVHSODQWHDHOHVWXGLRDSDUWLU GH OD HYDOXDFLyQ GH OD GLQiPLFD HVSDFLDO \ VRFLRGHPRJUi¿FD GHO FRQMXQWR QR H[FOXVLYDPHQWHGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDGHFUHFLPLHQWRVLQRWDPELpQGHVGHODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHODGLYHUVLGDGGHWDOIRUPDTXHUHVSRQGDDODVGH¿QLFLRQHVDFRUGDGDV $ SDUWLU GHO DQiOLVLV GH OD GLQiPLFD JHQHUDO GH RFXSDFLyQ GHO VXHOR \ PiV FRQFUHWDPHQWH GHO VXHOR XUEDQL]DGR FRQ OD FDUWRJUDItD GH 8VRV \ &REHUWXUDV 9HJHWDOHVGH$QGDOXFtDDHVFDOD08&9$TXHVHDFWXDOL]DFDGD DxRVGHVGHVHFRQVLJXHXQDEXHQDDSUR[LPDFLyQGHODGLQiPLFDGHODFREHUWXUDGHOVXHORRIUHFLHQGRODSRVLELOLGDGGHXQDHYDOXDFLyQGHORVSURFHVRVGH FUHFLPLHQWR\XQDYDORUDFLyQGHVXQLYHOGHVRVWHQLELOLGDGDSDUWLUGHODQiOLVLVGH FDPELRVQHWRVSURGXFLGRVHQWUH\ 3DUDOHODPHQWH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH ORV GDWRV VRFLRGHPRJUi¿FRV SURGXFLGRV D SDUWLU GHO SDGUyQ 0XQLFLSDO D ODV PLVPDV IHFKDV SHUPLWH REWHQHU XQD EXHQD DSUR[LPDFLyQGHOFUHFLPLHQWRSREODFLRQDO\GHODHVWUXFWXUDGHPRJUi¿FDGHORV GLVWLQWRVFRQMXQWRVPHWURSROLWDQRV 6LFRQVLGHUDPRVODGH¿QLFLyQDFRUGDGDSDUDHOGHVDUUROORVRFLDOVRVWHQLEOH HO DFHQWR VH GHEH SRQHU HQ ORV LQGLFDGRUHV SUHVHOHFFLRQDGRV QR WDQWR HQ OD H[LVWHQFLDGHORVGLVWLQWRVJUXSRVVLQRPiVELHQHQODGLYHUVLGDGGHFDGDXQR GHORVHVSDFLRVGHHVWXGLRSRQLHQGRHODFHQWRHQHOPDUFRVRFLRGHPRJUi¿FR VREUHODSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHGRVLQGLYLGXRVGHQWURGHXQDPLVPDDJORPHUDFLyQWHQJDQODVPLVPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV3DUDHOORVHKDSULYLOHJLDGRHOtQGLFH GH GLYHUVLGDG GH 6LPSVRQ TXH VL ELHQ VH VXHOH XWLOL]DU SDUD HO HVWXGLR GH OD ELRGLYHUVLGDGKDGHPRVWUDGRVXLQWHUpVFRPRHOHPHQWRSDUDHODQiOLVLVGHOD diversidad social. $SOLFDGR D HVFDOD PHWURSROLWDQD VH KD HYDOXDGR OD GLYHUVLGDG GHPRJUi¿FD UHVSHFWRDODHGDGDSDUWLUGHJUDQGHVJUXSRVPDVGH (QVXYHUWLHQWHPLJUDWRULDVHKDHVWLPDGRODSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHXQHVSDxROVH HQFXHQWUHFRQXQH[WUDQMHURSXGLHQGRRIUHFHUXQLQWHUHVDQWHSXQWRGHSDUWLGDSDUD ODDSUHFLDFLyQGHODVRVWHQLELOLGDGVRFLDOGHORVGLVWLQWRVPRGHORVPHWURSROLWDQRV DQDOL]DGRVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV 4. LA SOSTENIBILIDAD SOCIOESPACIAL DE LOS ÁREAS METROPOLITANAS DE ANDALUCÍA OCCIDENTAL (QHOPDUFRGHHVWDSURGXFFLyQFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHODFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQ GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG VRFLRHVSDFLDO GH ORV FRQMXQWRV HVWXGLDGRV SDVD SRU HO DQiOLVLV GHO PRGHOR GH FUHFLPLHQWR GH ODV FRPSRQHQWHV WDQWR HVSDFLDO FRPR SREODFLRQDOHVGHODVGLVWLQWDVDJORPHUDFLRQHV (Q HVWH VHQWLGR HO FXDGUR LOXVWUD HO KHFKR GH TXH GHVGH HQ HO FRQMXQWRGHORVHVSDFLRVDQDOL]DGRVHOFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQRVLHPSUHIXHPiVUiSLGR TXH HO FUHFLPLHQWR SREODFLRQDO GHVYHODQGR XQD LQFRQJUXHQFLD HQWUH ORV GRV indicadores. CUADRO 1. Relación entre el crecimiento urbano (.has) y el crecimiento poblacional (Nº Habitantes) entre 1999 y 2007 2003 - 2007 1999 - 2003 Crec. urbano Crec. Poblac Crec. urbano Crec. Poblac Cádiz Granada Málaga Marbella Sevilla )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHO08&9$SDUDHOFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQR±\HOSDGUyQPXQLFLSDOGHO,($SDUDHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHSREODFLyQ /DVGLIHUHQFLDVREVHUYDGDVGHVYHODQXQRVPRGHORVHQPDWHULDGHRUGHQDFLyQ GHOHVSDFLRKHWHURJpQHRVVREUHWRGRHQHOVHJXQGRSHULRGRGRQGHORVSURFHVRV GHFUHFLPLHQWRVHDFHOHUDQUHYHODQGRXQDPD\RUGLIXVLyQGHOPRGHORJOREDOGH RUJDQL]DFLyQGHOHVSDFLRTXHQRVHDGHFXDFRQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHODSREODFLyQ (Q HO SULPHU LQWHUYDOR H[LVWHQ GRV JUXSRV GH DJORPHUDFLRQHV XQ SULPHUR LQFOX\H 0iODJD *UDQDGD \ 6HYLOOD GRQGH HO UDWLR HQWUH ORV GRV FUHFLPLHQWRV GHVYHODXQSURFHVRLQWHQVLYRGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHOHVSDFLRPLHQWUDVHQ&iGL] -HUH]GHOD)WUD\0DUEHOODGHVWDFDQSRUHOFDUiFWHUH[WHQVLYRGHVXVPRGHORVGH FUHFLPLHQWRHVSDFLDOGHVYLQFXODGRVGHOFUHFLPLHQWRSREODFLRQDO(QHOVHJXQGR SHULRGRWRGDVORViUHDVPHWURSROLWDQDVGHVOLJDQORVGRVPRGHORVGHGHVDUUROORV IRUPDQGRWUHVJUXSRVHQIXQFLyQGHVXJUDGRGHLQGHSHQGHQFLDVLHQGRHOGHVDMXVWHPiVHOHYDGRHQORViUHDVPHWURSROLWDQDVGH6HYLOOD\&iGL]-HUH]GHOD)WUD\ HOPHQRVHQ0iODJD 'HDKtHOJUDQLQWHUpVGHHVWXGLDUODRUJDQL]DFLyQVRFLRHVSDFLDOGHFDGDFRQMXQWRSREODFLRQDO\DTXHHQHOVXE\DFHXQDVOyJLFDVRUJDQL]DFLRQDOHVTXHUHVSRQGHQDSROtWLFDV\PRGHORVGHGHVDUUROORGLVWLQWRV 4.1. Sostenibilidad espacial del crecimiento urbano en las aglomeraciones urbanas andaluzas &RPRORKHPRVDYDQ]DGRHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUODDSUR[LPDFLyQHVSDFLDOGHO FUHFLPLHQWRSRQHGHPDQL¿HVWRODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOGHVDUUROORXUEDQRHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHODVGLQiPLFDVPHWURSROLWDQDVFRQWHPSRUiQHDVHOORHQGHWULPHQWRHQ ODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVGHWLHUUDVDJUtFRODVRHQHOFDVR0DUEHOOtDFRVWDGHOD FREHUWXUDYHJHWDOQDWXUDOGHOHQWRUQR(QHOFDVRVHYLOODQR\*DGLWDQRDSDUHFHQ SDUDOHODPHQWH\GHIRUPDPX\SXQWXDODOJXQRVFDPELRVHQORVXVRVQRXUEDQRV GHOVXHORTXHSHUPLWHQODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHSHTXHxDV]RQDVK~PHGDV\DJUtFRODV SHURTXHQRWLHQHQODVX¿FLHQWHHQYHUJDGXUDSDUDSRGHUFRQWUDUUHVWDUHOJUDQFRQ VXPRGHHVSDFLRVDJUDULRVTXHFRQOOHYDHOFUHFLPLHQWRHVSDFLDOGHOWHMLGRXUEDQR PHWURSROLWDQR)LJXUD FIGURA 2. Cambio neto de uso del suelo entre 1999 y 2007 en las áreas metropolitanas del estudio. )XHQWH)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHO08&9$ (VWH FDUiFWHU VHJXQGDULR HQ OD RUJDQL]DFLyQ GHO HVSDFLR PHWURSROLWDQR SHUR SULRULWDULRHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHODGLQiPLFDHVSDFLDOGHOWHMLGRXUEDQRLQYLWDD XQDQiOLVLVPiVGHWDOODGRGHVXRUJDQL]DFLyQ\GLQiPLFD1RVSHUPLWHFRQ¿UPDU FIGURA 3. Modelo de crecimiento urbano en las áreas metropolitanas del estudio entre 1999 y 2003. )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHO08&9$ FIGURA 4. Modelo de crecimiento urbano en las áreas metropolitanas del estudio entre 2003 y 2007. )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHO08&9$ TXH HQWUH \ VH KD SURGXFLGR XQRV FDPELRV PX\ SURIXQGRV HQ ODV SDXWDVXUEDQL]DGRUDVGHODVGLVWLQWDVDJORPHUDFLRQHVTXHSRFRWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQ ODVQHFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVGHODSREODFLyQUHVLGHQWH $Vt VL HQ HO SULPHU SHULRGR HO FRQMXQWR GH ORV HVSDFLRV GH HVWXGLR VHJXtDQ SDXWDVGHGHVDUUROORWHUULWRULDOVLPLODUHVHVWDVVHGLYHUVL¿FDQHQHOVHJXQGRSHULRGR)LJXUD\ (QWUH\HQWRGDVODVDJORPHUDFLRQHVXUEDQDVDQDOL]DGDVORVHVSDFLRVHQFRQVWUXFFLyQH[SOLFDEDQODJUDQPD\RUtDGHODVVXSHU¿FLHVGHFDPELRV UHÀHMDQGRODGLQiPLFDJOREDOREVHUYDGDDQLYHOQDFLRQDO (Q HO FDVR GH ORV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDV GH 0iODJD \ 6HYLOOD ORV GRV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHOHVWXGLRGLFKDV]RQDVVXSHUDQODVKDV \UHSUHVHQWDQPiVGHOGHORVFDPELRVXUEDQRVGHOLQWHUYDORHVWXGLDGR1R REVWDQWHORViUHDVPHWURSROLWDQDVFRPR*UDQDGDR6HYLOODGHHVWUXFWXUDVUDGLRFpQWULFDVKDEtDQDQWLFLSDGR\DVXVGHVDUUROORVHVSDFLDOHVFRQODFRQVROLGDFLyQGH QXHYRVHVSDFLRVLQGXVWULDOHVHFRPHUFLDOHVHQHOSULPHUSHULRGRPLHQWUDVHOiUHD PHWURSROLWDQDGH0DUEHOODRULHQWDEDVXFUHFLPLHQWRHVSDFLDOKDFLDODSURGXFFLyQ GHLPSRUWDQWHV]RQDVUHVLGHQFLDOHVSURSRQLHQGRXQPRGHORGHGHVDUUROORXUEDQR FODUDPHQWHGLIXVRVLQOOHJDUDVHUGLVSHUVR)LJXUD (QHOVHJXQGRSHULRGRGHHVWXGLRODVWHQGHQFLDVVHGLYHUVL¿FDQ H[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHWHQLHQGRFDGDDJORPHUDFLyQVXSURSLDHVWUDWHJLDWHUULWRULDO GHGHVDUUROOR)LJXUD /DV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDV GH 6HYLOOD 0iODJD \ *UDQDGD VLJXHQ FRQVWUX\pQGRVH(OFDVR*UDQDGLQRHVHQHVWHFRQWH[WRPX\OODPDWLYR\DTXHVXGHVSHJXH LQPRELOLDULRVH REVHUYD SUHFLVDPHQWH HQ HO SHULRGR FXDQGR HO UHVWR GHODVDJORPHUDFLRQHVUDOHQWL]DQHOSURFHVRDQLYHOHVPX\LQIHULRUHVDOREVHUYDGR HQHOFDPELRGHVLJOR 5HFtSURFDPHQWHODPD\RUtDGHOVXHORHQFRQVWUXFFLyQGHOSULPHUSHULRGRHQ HOFRQMXQWRGHORVHVSDFLRVHVWXGLDGRVKDSHUPLWLGRODFUHDFLyQGHQXHYDV]RQDV FRPHUFLDOHVHLQGXVWULDOHVODFROPDWDFLyQGHOWHMLGRXUEDQR\ODFUHDFLyQGHHVSDFLRVUHVLGHQFLDOHV(VWDWHQGHQFLDVHREVHUYDVREUHWRGRHQHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQD GH6HYLOODGRQGHODVVXSHU¿FLHVGHORVGRVSULPHURVHStJUDIHVVHKDQPXOWLSOLFDGR por tres. 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Estado de desarrollo de los PAUs en abril de 2011 Viviendas programadas PAU Licencias de nueva HGL¿FDFLyQ Licencias de nueva ocupación Registros padronales Viviendas Viviendas Hogares(1) (A) (B) %(B)/(A) (C) %(C)/(A) (D) %(D)/(A) %(D)/(C) 0RQWHFDUPHOR /DV7DEODV &DUDEDQFKHO Arroyo del Fresno - - - - Vallecas Total 74.810 68.325 91,3 58.976 78,8 40.227 53,7 68,2 6DQFKLQDUUR )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHGDWRVIDFLOLWDGRVSRUOD'*GH(VWDGtVWLFDGHO$\WRGH Madrid. 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Uso del suelo según tipo de vivienda en el PAU de Carabanchel. )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHODLQIRUPDFLyQGHOD*HUHQFLDGH8UEDQLVPRGHO$\WRGH Madrid. En los tres casos presentados, la concentración espacial de la vivienda proteJLGDHVHYLGHQWH(QHO3$8GH&DUDEDQFKHOGRQGHUHVLGHQDGtDGHKR\PiVGH SHUVRQDVVHORFDOL]DHQOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDOGHOD$YHQLGDGHOD3HVHWD\ IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQHOHVSDFLRFRPSUHQGLGRHQWUHODVFDOOHV)DJRW\6DOYDGRU $OOHQGH(Q/DV7DEODVUHVLGHQWHVODVSURPRFLRQHVS~EOLFDVVHGLVSR (OGHORVKDELWDQWHVWLHQHQHGDGHVFRPSUHQGLGDVHQWUHORV\ORVDxRV\PiVGHOGH ORVKRJDUHVHVWiQIRUPDGRVSRUXQDRGRVSHUVRQDVVLHQGRODHGDGSURPHGLRORVDxRV0,5(7 FIGURA 3. Uso del suelo según tipo de vivienda en el PAU de Las Tablas. )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHODLQIRUPDFLyQGHOD*HUHQFLDGH8UEDQLVPRGHO$\WRGH Madrid. FIGURA 4. Uso del suelo según tipo de vivienda en el PAU de Sanchinarro. )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHODLQIRUPDFLyQGHOD*HUHQFLDGH8UEDQLVPRGHO$\WRGH Madrid. 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