simposio internacional

Anuncio
6,0326,2,17(51$&,21$/
³/(&785$<(6&5,785$18(926'(6$)Ë26´
7Ë78/2 '( /$ 321(1&,$ &RPSUHQVLyQ\3URGXFFLyQGHWH[WRVHQHOž
FLFOR'HVDUUROORGHOHVTXHPDQDUUDWLYR
(;326,72548(6$'$0DUWD(OHQD
(PDLOUJLXGLFL#LPSVDWFRPDU
³&DGDYH]TXHXQFRQWDGRUGHFXHQWRVWRPDODSDODEUDSDUHFHTXHHO
PXQGR SDUWH GH FHUR \ VX DXGLWRULR VH LQVWDOD HQ OD LJQRUDQFLD SDUD DO LU
HVFXFKDQGR LU DSUHQGLHQGR LU HQWHQGLHQGR &LHUWDPHQWH HO FRQWDGRU GH
FXHQWRV WLHQH HQ HVH PRPHQWR HO PXQGR HQ ODV PDQRV /D UHDOLGDG VH YD
HVIXPDQGRPLHQWUDVpOGHVDUUROODHOUHODWR\RIUHFHHVDRWUDUHDOLGDGGRQGH
VH SURGXFHQ KHFKRV H[WUDRUGLQDULRV GRQGH FDVL VLHPSUH VH URPSHQ ODV
IURQWHUDV GHO WLHPSR \ VH VXSHUDQ ODV OLPLWDFLRQHV GH OD YLGD´ 6ROHGDG
3XpUWRODV³/DYLGDFRQWDGD´&/,-S
/RV HVWXGLRV DQWURSROyJLFRV VRFLROyJLFRV R WH[WXDOHV QRV GHVFXEUHQ
TXHHOUHFXUVRGHODQDUUDFLyQHVDOJRWDQLQWUtQVHFDPHQWHKXPDQRFRPROD
FRQYHUVDFLyQHVSRQWiQHD(O VHU KXPDQR GHVGH VXV LQLFLRV OD KD XWLOL]DGR
SDUDSRGHUH[SOLFDUVHVXSDVDGRDWUDYpVGHORVUHODWRVGHRUtJHQHVGHORV
PLWRV \ GH ODV OH\HQGDV FRVPRJyQLFDV7DPELpQHOUHODWRHVWiSUHVHQWHHQ
WRGDV ODV FXOWXUDV FRPR HOHPHQWR HGXFDWLYR 3HUR QR VyOR HQ HO SDVDGR
SRUTXHWDPELpQHOIXWXURVHSUHGLFHDWUDYpVGHIRUPDVQDUUDWLYDV
/D QDUUDFLyQ HV XQ PRGR GH RUJDQL]DU HO GLVFXUVR TXH HV DO PLVPR
WLHPSRXQPRGRGHRUJDQL]DUODH[SHULHQFLD\GHSHQVDUHOIXWXURXQDIRUPD
GHLPDJLQDUPXQGRVSRVLEOHVRLPSRVLEOHVXQDIXHQWHGHSODFHUTXL]iMXQWR
FRQODFRQYHUVDFLyQODIRUPDPiVXQLYHUVDOGHH[SUHVDUQRV\GHHQWHQGHUHO
PXQGRDORVGHPiV\DQRVRWURVPLVPRV
(O HVSDFLR QDUUDWLYR FRQ VXV SURWDJRQLVWDV VXV DFFLRQHV \ VXV
FRQIOLFWRV RUGHQD HO PXQGR D OD YH] TXHHQULTXHFHODH[SHULHQFLD3HQHWUD
HQ ORV HVTXHPDV PHQWDOHV DO DFFHGHU D PRGRV GH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH OD
UHDOLGDGPiVLQWHOHFWXDOHV
(OSURSyVLWRGHHVWHWUDEDMRKDVLGRWUDWDUGHH[SORUDUHOGHVDUUROORGH
ORVHVTXHPDVGHFRPSUHQVLyQ\SURGXFFLyQGHFXHQWRVHQODFRPXQLFDFLyQ
RUDO\HVFULWDHQHOSULPHUFLFORGHOD(*%
(Q XQD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ DQWHULRU VH SXGR FRPSUREDU TXH HO GH ORV
QLxRV GH GRV HVFXHODV GH XQD ]RQD UXUDO GH 6DQ &DUORV 0HQGR]D TXH
KDEtDQ SDUWLFLSDGR GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ FRPR JUDGRV WHVWLJRV QR WHQtDQ
PD\RUHV GLILFXOWDGHV SDUD RUJDQL]DU R FRPSUHQGHU XQ UHODWR 6H FRPSUREy
TXH OD PD\RUtD GH ORV QLxRV WHQtDQ DEXHORV LQPLJUDQWHV TXH OHV FRQWDEDQ
FXHQWRV\HSLVRGLRVGHVXVYLGDV
$SDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWRVXUJLyODLQTXLHWXGGHH[SORUDUFyPRLQFLGH
HQODFRPSUHQVLyQ\SURGXFFLyQGHWH[WRVQDUUDWLYRV\HQHOGHVDUUROORGHORV
HVTXHPDVQDUUDWLYRVODQDUUDFLyQVLVWHPiWLFDGHFXHQWRVHQHODXOD
&RQVXOWDGD OD ELEOLRJUDItD HVSHFtILFD VH FRPSUREy TXH PXFKRV
HVWXGLRV VREUH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ \ SURGXFFLyQ GH UHODWRV KDQ WUDWDGR GH
GHPRVWUDU TXH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH XQD QDUUDFLyQ WDQWR HQ IRUPD RUDO FRPR
HQIRUPDHVFULWDGHSHQGHGHODDFWLYDFLyQGHFLHUWRVHVTXHPDVFRJQLWLYRV<
TXHODQDUUDFLyQRUGHQDGD\GRWDGDGHXQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVKHFKRVHV
HO VRVWpQ GH WRGR SHQVDPLHQWR OLQJtVWLFR (VWD DVHYHUDFLyQ EDVDGD HQ
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV TXH VH KDQ UHDOL]DGR GHVGH OD OLQJtVWLFD 9DQ 'LMN OD
SVLFROLQJtVWLFD 5XPHKDUW 6WHLQ \ *OHQQ 0DQGOHU \ -RQKVRQ \ OD
VRFLROLQJtVWLFD/DERY\:LOHQVN\VREUHORVSURFHVRV\HVWUDWHJLDVTXHVH
SRQHQHQMXHJRSDUDORJUDUODFRPSUHQVLyQPRWLYyHQSURIXQGLGDGHOLQLFLR
GHHVWHWUDEDMR
/RV WUDEDMRV GH %UDQVIRUG \ -RKQVRQ 5XPHOKDUW \ 2UWRQ\
5XPHOKDUW 7KRUQG\NH 0DQGOHU \ -RKQVRQ .LQWVFK \ 9DQ 'LMN 9LHLUR 3HUDOER \ *DUFtD 0DGUXJD KDQ
GHPRVWUDGR WDPELpQ TXH HO GHVDUUROOR GH ORV HVTXHPDV QDUUDWLYRV KD
SHUPLWLGR TXH ORV VXMHWRV UHFRQR]FDQ ODV FDWHJRUtDV TXH RUGHQDQ XQD
QDUUDFLyQ \ TXH D VX YH] HVWR OHV SHUPLWH RUJDQL]DU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ HQ
HVWUXFWXUDVRUGHQDGDV\FRKHUHQWHV
/RV HVWXGLRV GH 3URSS WUDG \ OXHJR GH /DNRII LQGLFDQ TXH H[LVWH XQD HVWUXFWXUD HVWDEOH TXH RUJDQL]D OD LQIRUPDFLyQ
WUDQVPLWLGD SRU HO FXHQWR R UHODWR (VWD HVWUXFWXUD HV LQWHUSUHWDGD SRU ORV
HVWXGLRVRV QRPEUDGRV HQ HO SiUUDIR DQWHULRU FRPR HVTXHPDV FRJQLWLYRV
TXHIDFLOLWDQODFRGLILFDFLyQ\UHFXSHUDFLyQGHODLQIRUPDFLyQGHPDQHUDTXH
VH SXHGD FRQWURODU HO SURFHVDPLHQWR GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ VHJ~Q HO PRGHOR
DUULEDDEDMR
3DUD .LQWVFK OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH XQ WH[WR ELHQ OHtGR ELHQ
HVFXFKDGR WLHQH OXJDU D WUDYpV GH OD LQWHUDFFLyQ GH ORV SURFHVRV DUULED
DEDMR R XVRV GH HVTXHPDV \ GH ORV SURFHVRV DEDMRDUULED R XVR GH
LQGLFDGRUHVGHWH[WR'HHVWHPRGRGHVGHHOPRPHQWRHQTXHODVSDODEUDV
VRQ SHUFLELGDV VH ODV FRQVLGHUD FRPR IRUPDV DEVWUDFWDV PiV TXH FRPR
UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV IRQpWLFDV R YLVXDOHV OXHJR ODV SDODEUDV VH RUJDQL]DQ HQ
RUDFLRQHV\IUDVHV\DSDUWLUGHODJUDPiWLFDSVLFROyJLFDVHUHDOL]DHODQiOLVLV
VHPiQWLFRSDUDH[WUDHUHOVLJQLILFDGRGHOWH[WR
6WHLQ \ *OHQQ HQ VX WUDEDMR ³$Q DQO\VLV RI VWRU\ FRPSUHKHQVLRQ LQ
HOHPHQWDU\ VFKRRO FKLOGUHQ´ DVHJXUDQ TXH XQ FXHQWR HVWi FRPSXHVWR SRU
FDWHJRUtDV FX\D PLVLyQ HV HVSHFLILFDU ORV GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ
H[LVWHQWHV HQ pO \ ODV UHODFLRQHV OyJLFDV TXH PXHVWUDQ FyPR HVWiQ
FRQHFWDGRV ORV GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ (VWDV FDWHJRUtDV VH
DGTXLHUHQDSDUWLUGHODHVFXFKDGHPXFKRVFXHQWRV\VXUHQDUUDFLyQ\VRQ
XQ HOHPHQWR PX\ LPSRUWDQWH SDUD HO PHMRUDPLHQWR GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ \
SURGXFFLyQGHORVWH[WRVQDUUDWLYRV
(Q QXHVWUR SDtV VRQ PX\ LQWHUHVDQWHV ODV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV TXH KDQ
UHDOL]DGR VREUH HO WHPD %RU]RQH GH 0DQULTXH \ 6LJQRULQL TXLHQHV VH KDQ
GHWHQLGR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ OD LQFLGHQFLD GHO HVTXHPD QDUUDWLYR HQ OD
FRPSUHQVLyQ\UHFXHUGRGHFXHQWRVHQORVIDFWRUHVWH[WXDOHVTXHLQFLGHQHQ
OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH ODV QDUUDFLRQHV \ HQ ORV HVTXHPDV FRJQLWLYRV TXH VH
SRQHQHQMXHJR
(Q OD SURYLQFLD GH 0HQGR]D VH KD UHDOL]DGR XQD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ VREUH
³/DQDUUDWLYLGDG´GLULJLGDSRU*yPH]GH(ULFH
&UHHPRVTXHHOSRGHUDKRQGDUHQHOXVRGHORVHVTXHPDVTXH
ORVQLxRVSRQHQHQMXHJRDOQDUUDUHQIRUPDRUDORHVFULWDSHUPLWLUiFRQVWUXLU
HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHHVWRVHVTXHPDV\GHHVWHPRGRVHSRGUi
DPSOLDUHOFDPSRGHVXH[SHULHQFLDVREUHHOPXQGR\³DVLPLODUiQHVDRWUD
PRGDOLGDGPiVSRGHURVD\DEVWUDFWDGHUHSUHVHQWDUODH[SHULHQFLDTXHHVHO
OHQJXDMHHVFULWR´:HOOV
(Q HVWH PDUFR VH KD SURIXQGL]DGR HQ HO PRGR FRPR ORV QLxRV KDQ
LQWHUQDOL]DGRORVHVTXHPDVQDUUDWLYRV3DUDHOORVHKDXWLOL]DGRHOHVTXHPD
QDUUDWLYR GHVDUUROODGR SRU 9DQ 'LMN FRPR PpWRGR GH DQiOLVLV TXH
SURSRUFLRQH FRQRFLPLHQWR DFHUFD GH OD VXSHUHVWUXFWXUD XVDGD SRU ORV
DOXPQRV
6HKDRUJDQL]DGRHOWUDEDMRHQXQSULPHUPRPHQWRWUDEDMDQGRFRQORV
PDHVWURV GH ODV FXDWUR HVFXHODV LQYROXFUDGDV HQ HO SUR\HFWR UXUDO
SHULIpULFD XUEDQRUXUDO XUEDQD FRQVXOWDQGR OD ELEOLRJUDItD HVSHFtILFD TXH
GHVFULEH ORV GLIHUHQWHV HVWXGLRV TXH VH KDQ UHDOL]DGR DFHUFD GH OD
FRPSUHQVLyQ GH ORV UHODWRV SDUWLHQGR GH ODV JUDPiWLFDV GH ORV FXHQWRV
VLJXLHQGR FRQ ORV HVWXGLRV GH 9DQ 'LMN \ .LQWVFK WHUPLQDQGR FRQ ORV
PRGHORVPHQWDOHV3HURVREUHWRGRVHKDKHFKRKLQFDSLpHQODLQIOXHQFLDGH
ORVHVTXHPDVHQODFRPSUHQVLyQ\SURGXFFLyQGHWH[WRVQDUUDWLYRV
(OVHJXQGRPRPHQWRVHKDGHGLFDGRDPRVWUDUFyPRODHVFXFKDGH
FXHQWRV LQFLGH HQ OD FRPSUHQVLyQ \ HQ OD LQWHUQDOL]DFLyQ GH ORV HVTXHPDV
SURSLRV GH OD OHQJXD HVFULWD \ HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD QRFLyQ GH WLHPSR HQ OD
XWLOL]DFLyQGHORVWLHPSRVYHUEDOHVSURSLRVGHODQDUUDFLyQ/XHJRVHUHDOL]y
XQ HVWXGLR H[SHULPHQWDO VLQFUyQLFR \ GLDFUyQLFR VREUH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV \
VLPLOLWXGHVTXHVHPDQLILHVWDQHQODFRPSUHQVLyQGHWH[WRVHQWUHORVVXMHWRV
TXH FXUVDQ HO ž DxR GH (*% \ HQ ODV GLIHUHQFLDV R VLPLOLWXGHV TXH VH
REVHUYDQ HQ VXV UHQDUUDFLRQHV GHVSXpV GH XQD LQVWUXFFLyQ GLUHFWD HQ ORV
QLxRVTXHFRQIRUPDQHOJUXSRH[SHULPHQWDOHQUHODFLyQFRQXQJUXSRWHVWLJR
3DUD HOOR VH WXYLHURQ HQ FXHQWD ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV HQ GRV WHVWV
WRPDGRVHQGLVWLQWRVPRPHQWRVGHODxRHVFRODU8QRDFRPLHQ]RVGHDxRHQ
HOPHVGHDEULO\RWURHQHOPHVGHDJRVWR
6H GHVWDFD TXH HO HVTXHPD QDUUDWLYR HVWi \D LQWHUQDOL]DGR HQ ORV
QLxRVORTXHVHSXGRREVHUYDUHQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHOSULPHUWHVW(VGHFLUTXH
ORV QLxRV GH VLHWH DxRV FXDQGR QDUUDQ VH DMXVWDQ D OD VXSHUHVWUXFWXUD
QDUUDWLYD \ VRQ FDSDFHV GH UHFRUGDU HORUGHQFRUUHFWRGHODVFDWHJRUtDVGH
XQFXHQWR
$ SDUWLU GH ORV UHVXOWDGRV GHO ~OWLPR WHVW VH GHFLGLy UHDOL]DU XQD
H[SHULHQFLD GH QDUUDFLyQ GH FXHQWRV FRQ (OL]DEHWK 6RDYHV GH OD (VFXHOD
-XOLR0D\RUJDDSDUWLUGHOWUDEDMRSRUSUR\HFWR
8QDYH]DFRUGDGRFyPRVHWUDEDMDUtDVHDXQDURQFULWHULRVSDUD
HQFXDGUDUHOWUDEDMRFRQORVQLxRVHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQTXHVH UHDOL]DED6H
SUHVHQWyDOD'LUHFFLyQGHOD(VFXHOD-XOLR0D\RUJDGH/XMiQXQSUR\HFWRGH
QDUUDFLyQGHFXHQWRV'HVGHHOPRPHQWRHQTXHIXHDFHSWDGRVHGHVSHUWyHO
LQWHUpVGHORVQLxRVSRUHOPLVPR\VHUHGDFWyFRQHOORVHQXQDUHXQLyQFRQ
ORVSDGUHVXQ&RQWUDWRHQORVVLJXLHQWHVWpUPLQRV
&2175$72
352<(&72'(/(1*8$
6RPRVDXWRUHVGHQXHVWURVSURSLRVOLEURV
3RUHOSUHVHQWHFRQWUDWRPHFRPSURPHWRD
ƒ/HHUPXFKR
ƒ&RODERUDUSDUDTXHKD\DXQEXHQFOLPD
HQHODXOD
ƒ,QIRUPDUDPLPDHVWUDGHPLV
GLILFXOWDGHV
ƒ3RQHUJDQDVHQPLVWUDEDMRV
ƒ&XPSOLUFRQODVWDUHDVDFRUGDGDV
ƒ(QWUHJDUORVWUDEDMRVFRPSOHWRV
ƒ1RIDVWLGLDUDPLIDPLOLDFRQPLV
GHEHUHV
)LUPD
)LUPDGHOJDUDQWHSDGUHRWXWRU
$ SDUWLU GH HVH PRPHQWR VH FRPHQ]y D WUDEDMDU OD QDUUDFLyQ \
UHQDUUDFLyQRUDOGHFXHQWRV3DUDHOORORVQLxRVOOHYDEDQWRGRVORVILQHVGH
VHPDQDFXHQWRVDVXVFDVDVSDUDVHUOHtGRVFRQODD\XGDGHVXVSDGUHV
(OGtDOXQHVVHGHGLFDEDQVHVHQWDPLQXWRVSDUDODUHQDUUDFLyQGHDOJXQRVGH
HOORV(VWHWUDEDMRVLVWHPiWLFRSHUPLWLyODDILUPDFLyQGHOHVTXHPDQDUUDWLYR
$SDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWRVHGHFLGLyLQWHUQDOL]DUHQORVQLxRVODQRFLyQ
GH 0DUFR &RPSOLFDFLyQ \ 5HVROXFLyQ SRU HOOR WRGDV ODV DFWLYLGDGHV \
HMHUFLFLRV TXH VH UHDOL]DURQ DSXQWDEDQ DO GHVDUUROOR GH OD VXSHUHVWUXFWXUD
QDUUDWLYD(QWUHHOORVVHSXHGHQFLWDU
(MHUFLFLRVGHQDUUDFLyQ\UHQDUUDFLyQGHFXHQWRVTXHKDEtDQVLGROHtGRV
FRQODD\XGDGHVXVSDGUHVGXUDQWHORVILQHVGHVHPDQD
)RUPXODFLyQ GH SUHJXQWDV TXH DOXGtDQ GLUHFWDPHQWH D ODV FDWHJRUtDV
HVWUXFWXUDOHVGHFDGDFXHQWR
(MHUFLFLRV HQ ORV FXDOHV GHEtDQ UHFRQRFHU HQ LPiJHQHV ODV GLIHUHQWHV
FDWHJRUtDVGHODVXSHUHVWUXFWXUDQDUUDWLYDGHORVFXHQWRVQDUUDGRV
(MHUFLFLRVHQORVTXHORVQLxRVGHEtDQLQWHUSUHWDUJUiILFDPHQWHHOFXHQWR
DSDUWLUGHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVFDWHJRUtDV
(MHUFLFLRV GH RUGHQDPLHQWR GH ODV GLIHUHQWHV SDUWHV GH XQ FXHQWR TXH
IXHURQ HQWUHJDGDV HQ IRUPD GHVRUGHQDGD D ORV QLxRV FRQ OD FRQVLJQD
³$UPDHOFXHQWRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDHOWtWXORHO0DUFROD&RPSOLFDFLyQOD
5HVROXFLyQ\HODXWRU
(MHUFLFLRVGHFRPSOHWDPLHQWRGHXQFXHQWRFRQODFDWHJRUtDIDOWDQWH
$ SDUWLU GHO UHFRQRFLPLHQWR GH ODV FDWHJRUtDV GH ORV FXHQWRV GHVGH
VyOR OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ JUiILFD KDVWD OD VHFXHQFLDFLyQ RUDO \ OXHJR HVFULWD VH
ORJUyTXHORVQLxRVODVWXYLHUDQHQFXHQWDHQVXVWUDEDMRV
(O VHJXQGR REMHWLYR IXH ORJUDU TXH ORV QLxRV WUDEDMDUDQ HO UHFXHQWR HQ
IRUPD HVFULWD FRQ DSR\DWXUD GH GLEXMRV FDPELDQGR DOJ~Q SHUVRQDMH
6LHPSUH GHVSXpV GH FDGD HVFULWXUD VH UHDOL]y XQD VHJXQGD HQ OD TXH ORV
QLxRV FRUULJLHURQ VXV SURGXFFLRQHV HQ IRUPD LQGLYLGXDO R JUXSDO FRQ DSR\R
GHOPDHVWUR
8QD YH] TXHORVQLxRVORJUDURQUHQDUUDUFXHQWRVHQIRUPDDGHFXDGDOD
PDHVWUD FRQVLJXLy TXH QDUUDUDQ KHFKRV FRWLGLDQRV (VWRV HMHUFLFLRV OHV
SHUPLWLHURQVHJXLUGHVDUUROODQGRHOHVTXHPDQDUUDWLYR(VWDVDFWLYLGDGHVOHV
D\XGDURQ D WUDEDMDU GH PDQHUD LQGHSHQGLHQWH /DV UHHVFULWXUDV GH ODV
SURGXFFLRQHV ORJUDURQ TXH ORV QLxRV QR VyOR LQWHUQDOL]DUDQ HO HVTXHPD
QDUUDWLYRVLQRWDPELpQODFRUUHFFLyQHQHOOHQJXDMH
6HWUDEDMyHOXVRGHORVWLHPSRVYHUEDOHVHQODQDUUDFLyQ\DTXH³HO
GHVFXEULPLHQWR GH OD IDFXOWDG GH QDUUDU XWLOL]DQGR ORV WLHPSRV GHO PXQGR
QDUUDGR \ OD FRQTXLVWD JUDGXDO GH OD FDSDFLGDG GH XWLOL]DU HVD FDSDFLGDG
GHEH FRQVLGHUDUVH FRPR XQD DXWpQWLFD UHYROXFLyQ FRJQLWLYD \ OLQJtVWLFD´
5DIIDHOOH6LPRQH
2WUR DVSHFWR TXH VH HMHUFLWy IXH HO XVR GH GLIHUHQWHV FRQHFWRUHV
WHPSRUDOHV SRUTXH OD PD\RUtD GH ORV QLxRV SHTXHxRV VyOR XWLOL]DQ FRPR
HOHPHQWR GH FRKHVLyQ OD FRQMXQFLyQ \ \ HQ PX\ SRFDV RFDVLRQHV HO
DGYHUELR HQWRQFHV &RQ HVWRV HMHUFLFLRV ORV SHTXHxRV RSWLPL]DURQ OD
FRKHVLyQHQVXVWH[WRV &RPR FXOPLQDFLyQ GHO SUR\HFWR VH FRPHQ]y D VLVWHPDWL]DU OD
HVFULWXUDGHFXHQWRVDSDUWLUGHOPRGHORGH)ORZHU\+D\HV3DUDHOORVHIXH
ORJUDQGR SDXODWLQDPHQWH TXH ORV QLxRV WRPDUDQ FRQFLHQFLD GH TXH GHEtDQ
SODQLILFDU DQWHV GH FRPHQ]DU D HVFULELU OXHJR RUJDQL]DU OD HVFULWXUD GH
DFXHUGR FRQ HO HVTXHPD DSUHQGLGR SUHVWDQGR DWHQFLyQ D ODV FDWHJRUtDV
0DUFR&RPSOLFDFLyQ\5HVROXFLyQ\ILQDOPHQWHDFRUUHJLU
3DUD LQFHQWLYDU D ORV QLxRV VH SURSXVR TXH ORV FXHQWRV TXH VH
HVFULELHUDQHQž\žWHQGUtDQFRPRGHVWLQDWDULRVOHFWRUHVDORVSHTXHxRV
GH ž \ VHUtDQ H[SXHVWRV HQ XQD MRUQDGD GH /HFWXUD TXH VH UHDOL]y HQ OD
HVFXHODHQORV~OWLPRVGtDVGHFODVH
/RV FXHQWRV HVFULWRV SRU ORV QLxRV IXHURQ OHtGRV FRUUHJLGRV HQWUH
WRGRV \ VH UHDOL]DURQ WRGDV ODV UHHVFULWXUDV QHFHVDULDV KDVWD ORJUDU OD
IRUPD ILQDO 3RVWHULRUPHQWH ORV HVFULELHURQ HQ FRPSXWDGRUDORVLOXVWUDURQ\
ORV HQFXDGHUQDURQ (O UHVXOWDGR GHO SUR\HFWR IXH TXH ORV QLxRV SXGLHURQ
HVFULELUWH[WRVDGHFXDGRVFRKHUHQWHV\FRKHVLRQDGRVDSDUWLUGHOGHVDUUROOR
GHHVTXHPDVQDUUDWLYRVGHVGHODQDUUDFLyQGH\UHQDUUDFLyQGHFXHQWRV
<HQSDODEUDVGH*RUGRQ:HOOV³3DUDWRGRVORVQLxRVVLJXHQVLHQGR
ODV KLVWRULDV ODV TXH SURSRUFLRQDQ ORV FRQWH[WRV PiV IpUWLOHV SDUD HO
GHVDUUROOR GHO OHQJXDMH WDQWR KDEODGR FRPR HVFULWR OD VROWXUD HQ OD
XWLOL]DFLyQGHOOHQJXDMHHVXQPHGLRSDUDDOFDQ]DUILQHVFRPXQLFDWLYRVQRXQ
ILQ HQ Vt PLVPR (Q OD PD\RUtD GH ORV FDVRV VH FRQVLJXH PiV IiFLOPHQWH
SUHVWDQGRPiVDWHQFLyQDODVILQDOLGDGHVSDUDODVTXHVHXVDHOOHQJXDMHTXH
DODIRUPDOLQJtVWLFDHQVt/RVFXHQWRVSURSRUFLRQDQXQDILQDOLGDGUHDOSDUD
DXPHQWDU HO FRQWURO VREUH HO OHQJXDMH WDQWR PiV HILFDFHV SRU FXDQWR
H[SORWDQ XQR GH ORV PHGLRV PiV SRGHURVRV GH FRPSUHQVLyQ DPSOLDFLyQ \
PDQLSXODFLyQGHODH[SHULHQFLDGHORVTXHGLVSRQHQORVQLxRV/RVQLxRVDO
HVFXFKDU FRQWDU OHHU R HVFULELU KLVWRULDV HQULTXHFHQ \ UHRUJDQL]DQ HVD
H[SHULHQFLD \ D OD YH] DXPHQWDQ VXV UHFXUVRV OLQJtVWLFRV D ILQ GH KDFHUOR
PHMRU
%,%/,2*5$)Ë$
%HOLQFKyQ0HUFHGHV,JRD-RVp0<ÈQJHO5LYLpUH3VLFRORJtDGHO
OHQJXDMH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\WHRUtD0DGULG7URWWD
%RU]RQHGH0DQULTXH$QD0DUtD/HHU\HVFULELUDORVFLQFR%XHQRV
$LUHV$,48(
%UXQHU -HURPH $FWRV GH VLJQLILFDGR 0iV DOOi GH OD UHYROXFLyQ
FRJQLWLYD0DGULG$OLDQ]D
GH 9HJD 0DQXHO &DUUHLUDV 0DQXHO *XWLpUUH]&DOYR 0DQXHO \ $ORQVR
4XHFXW\0DUtD//HFWXUD\FRPSUHQVLyQ8QDSHUVSHFWLYDFRJQLWLYD
0DGULG$OLDQ]D
)LW]JHUDOG -LOO ³/HHU \ HVFULELU FXHQWRV´ (Q &RQH[LRQHV HQWUH
OHFWXUD \ HVFULWXUD $SUHQGLHQGR GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ -XGLWK ,UZLQ \ 0DU\ $
'R\OH&RPS%XHQRV$LUHV$,48(
*iUDWH/DUUHD0LODJURV/DFRPSUHQVLyQGHFXHQWRVHQORVQLxRV
8QHQIRTXHFRJQLWLYR\VRFLRFXOWXUDO0DGULG6LJOR;;,
*LOL *D\D 6DPXHO (VWXGLRV GH /HQJXDMH ,QIDQWLO %DUFHORQD
%LEOLRJUDI
-HDQ*HRUJHV/RVVHQGHURVGHODLPDJLQDFLyQLQIDQWLO/RVFXHQWRV
/RVSRHPDV/DUHDOLGDG0p[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD
-RKQVRQ 1DQF\ 6 \ 0DQGOHU -HDQ 0 ³$ WDOH RI WZR VWUXFWXUHV
XQGHUO\LQJDQGVXUIDFHIRUPVLQVWRULHV´3RHWLFV
.LQWVFK :DOWHU \ 9DQ 'LMN 7HXQ ³7RZDUG D PRGHO RI 7H[W
&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG3URGXFWLRQ3V\FKRORJLFDO5HYLHZ
.LQWVFK :DOWHU ³/HDUQLQJ IURP WH[W OHYHOV RI FRPSUHKHQVLRQ RU
:K\DQ\RQHZRXOGUHDGDVWRU\DQ\ZD\´3RHWLFV
0DUUR 0DEHO 6 \ 'HOODPHD $PDOLD % 3URGXFFLyQ GH WH[WRV
(VWUDWHJLDVGHOHVFULWRU\UHFXUVRVGHOLGLRPD%XHQRV$LUHV'RFHQFLD
0DUUR 0DEHO 6 6LJQRULQL ÈQJHOD 0 \ 5RVHPEHUJ &HOLD 5 ³)DFWRUHV WH[WXDOHV HQ OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH QDUUDFLRQHV $SRUWHV SDUD XQD
WHRUtD DGHFXDGD GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH UHODWRV´ 5HYLVWD GH /LQJtVWLFD
7HyULFD\$SOLFDGD&RQFHSFLyQ&KLOH
0XWK . 'HQLVH (O WH[WR QDUUDWLYR (VWUDWHJLDV SDUD VX
FRPSUHQVLyQ%XHQRV$LUHV$,48(
5LFRHXU3DXO³7KH1DUUDWLYH)XQFWLRQ´+HUPHQHXWLFDQGWKH+XPDQ
6FLHQFHV&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
6LJQRULQLÈQJHOD\%RU]RQHGH0DQULTXH$QD0DUtD³,QFLGHQFLDGHO
HVTXHPD QDUUDWLYR HQ OD FRPSUHQVLyQ \ UHFXHUGR GH FXHQWRV´ 5HYLVWD GH
/LQJtVWLFD$UJHQWLQD
6LJQRULQL ÈQJHOD %RU]RQH GH 0DQULTXH $QD 0DUtD \ 5RVHPEHUJ &HOLD
³(ODERUDFLyQ GH XQ LQVWUXPHQWR SDUD HO GLDJQyVWLFR GH OD
FRPSUHQVLyQGHQDUUDFLRQHV´/HQJXDV0RGHUQDV&KLOH
6LJQRULQL ÈQJHOD \ %RU]RQH GH 0DQULTXH $QD 0DUtD ³/DV
GLILFXOWDGHV GH OHFWXUD HQ HO PDUFR GH XQ PRGHOR FRJQLWLYR XQD UHYLVLyQ´
/HQJXDV0RGHUQDV&KLOH
6LPRQH5DIIDHOH'LDULR/LQJtVWLFRGHXQDQLxD¢4XpTXLHUHGHFLU
0DLVWRFN"%DUFHORQD*HGLVD
6WHLQ 1DQF\ 1 < *OHQQ &KULVWLQH * ³$Q DQDO\VLV RI
FRPSUHKHQVLRQ LQ HOHPHQWDU\ VFKRRO FKLOGUHQ´ (Q 52 )UHHGOH HG
$GYDQFHV LQ GLVFRXUVH SURFHVVHV YRO 1HZ GLUHFWLRQV LQ GLVFRXUVH
SURFHVVLQJ1RUZRRG1-$EOH[
7KRUQG\NH 3HUU\ : ³&RJQLWLYH VWUXFWXUHV LQ FRPSUHKHQVLRQ DQG
PHPRU\RIQDUUDWLYHGLVFRXUVH´&RJQLWLYH3V\FKRORJ\
9DQ 'LMN 7HXQ $ ³1DUUDWLYH 0DFURVWUXFWXUHV /RJLFDO DQG
&RJQLWLYH)RXQGDWLRQV´37/$-RXUQDOIRU'HVFULSWLYH3RHWLFVDQG7KHRU\RI
/LWHUDWXUH1RUWK+ROODQG3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\
9DQ'LMN7HXQ$/DFLHQFLDGHOWH[WR%DUFHORQD3DLGyV
9LHLUR ,JOHVLDV 3LODU 3HUDOER 8]TXLDQR 0DQXHO \ *DUFtD 0DGUXJD -XDQ
$QWRQLR 3URFHVRV GH DGTXLVLFLyQ \ SURGXFFLyQ GH OD OHFWRHVFULWXUD
0DGULG9LVRU
:HOOV*RUGRQ$SUHQGHUDOHHU\HVFULELU%DUFHORQD/DLD
Descargar