Estudio de materiales metálicos у magnéticos como sistemas de

(VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRV
FRPR VLVWHPDV GH EOLQGDMH DQWH OD LQFLGHQFLD
GH FDPSRV PDJQpWLFRV FHUFDQRV GH EDMD
IUHFXHQFLD
6WXG\PDWHULDOVVXFKDVPHWDOOLFDQGPDJQHWLFVKLHOGLQJV\VWHPV
WRWKHLQFLGHQFHRIPDJQHWLF¿HOGVQHDUWKHORZIUHTXHQF\
0$5,2 $52'5Ë*8(=%
0DHVWURHQ&LHQFLDVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD,QJHQLHUR(OHFWUL
FLVWDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6XH[SHULHQFLDODERUDOLQFOX\HHO
/DERUDWRULRGH(QVD\RV,QGXVWULDOHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD/$%(
FRLQYHVWLJDGRUHQHO*UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQ3URWHFFLRQHV\6LVHPDVGH3XHVWDD7LH
UUD*,3<7GHODPLVPDXQLYHUVLGDG$FWXDOPHQWHHV3URIHVRU$VLVWHQWHGHOD8QLYHU
VLGDG'LVWULWDO)UDQFLVFR-RVpGH&DOGDV%RJRWi±&RORPELD'LULJHGHO*UXSRGH,Q
YHVWLJDFLyQHQ&RPSDWLELOLGDG(OHFWURPDJQpWLFD&(0\SDUWLFLSDFRPRLQYHVWLJDGRUHQ
ODViUHDVGHGLVHxR\FRQVWUXFFLyQGHHTXLSRVGHSUXHEDVGHFRPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWURPDJ
QpWLFDPHGLGDVHQDOWDWHQVLyQ\VLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFRV
&RUUHRHOHFWUyQLFRPDURGULJXH]E#XGLVWULWDOHGXFR
$/(-$1'526È1&+(= 6
&DQGLGDWRDOWtWXORGH0DHVWURHQ&LHQFLDVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD,Q
JHQLHUR(OHFWULFLVWDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6XH[SHULHQFLDODER
UDOLQFOX\HOD(PSUHVDGHGLVWULEXFLyQ\FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDGH%RJRWi
&2'(16$6$HQFDOLGDGGHFRQWUDWLVWD\OD&HUYHFHUtD%$9$5,$6$HQFDOLGDG
GHFRQWUDWLVWD$FWXDOPHQWHHV3URIHVRU$VLVWHQWHGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG'LVWULWDO)UDQFLVFR
-RVpGH&DOGDV%RJRWi±&RORPELD)RUPDSDUWHGHO*UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQ&RPSD
WLELOLGDG(OHFWURPDJQpWLFD&(0\SDUWLFLSDFRPRLQYHVWLJDGRUHQODViUHDVGHGLVHxR
\FRQVWUXFFLyQGHHTXLSRVGHSUXHEDVGHFRPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDPHGLGDVHQ
DOWDWHQVLyQ\VLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFRV&RUUHRHOHFWUyQLFR
DVDQFKH]V#XGLVWULWDOHGXFR
&ODVLÀFDFLyQGHODUWtFXORUHÁH[LyQUHFUHDFLRQHV
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHDJRVWRGH
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHQRYLHPEUHGH
3DODEUDVFODYHV&RPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFD
QRV
UHFUHDFLRQHV
.H\ZRUGV(OHFWURPDJQHWLFFRPSDWLELOLW\VKLHOGLQJHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIPDJQHWLF¿HOGVQHDUE\
5(680(1
$%675$&7
(O HVWXGLR GH PDWHULDOHV PHWiOLFRV \ PDJQpWLFRV
FRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWUR
PDJQpWLFRV HV XQR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV WHPDV TXH
DERUGD OD FRPSDWLELOLGDG HOHFWURPDJQpWLFD (Q
&RORPELDVHKDQUHDOL]DGRSRFRVHVWXGLRVWHyULFR
H[SHULPHQWDOHV HQ HVWD iUHD 3RU WDQWR HO *UXSR
GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ HQ &RPSDWLELOLGDG (OHFWURPDJ
QpWLFD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG 'LVWULWDO )UDQFLVFR -RVp
&DOGDV &(0 VH SURSXVR FRPR XQR GH VXV RE
MHWLYRVGHVDUUROODUHOHVWXGLRWHyULFRH[SHULPHQWDO
GHEOLQGDMHVFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFRVFHU
FDQRV\OHMDQRVGHEDMD\DOWDIUHFXHQFLD(OSUH
VHQWH DUWtFXOR PXHVWUD ORV UHVXOWDGRV GHO HVWXGLR
H[SHULPHQWDOVREUHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHTXH
RIUHFHQGRVPDWHULDOHVHVSHFt¿FRVDOXPLQLR\KLH
UURFRQGLIHUHQWHVHVSHVRUHVDQWHODLQFLGHQFLDGH
FDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD
7KHVWXG\RIPDJQHWLFPDWHULDOVVXFKDVPHWDODQG
VKLHOGLQJV\VWHPVDJDLQVWHOHFWURPDJQHWLF¿HOGVLV
RQHRIWKHPDLQLVVXHVDGGUHVVHGE\WKH(0&,Q
&RORPELDWKHUHKDYHEHHQIHZWKHRUHWLFDOVWXGLHV
H[SHULPHQWDOLQWKLVDUHD7KHUHIRUHWKHUHVHDUFK
JURXSLQ(0&DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\'LVWULWDO)UDQFLV
FR-RVpGH&DOGDV&(0ZDVSURSRVHGDVRQH
RILWVREMHFWLYHVWRGHYHORSWKHWKHRUHWLFDODQGH[
SHULPHQWDOVWXG\RIVKLHOGLQJDJDLQVWHOHFWURPDJ
QHWLF¿HOGVQHDUDQGIDUORZDQGKLJKIUHTXHQF\
7KLVDUWLFOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWVRIH[SHULPHQWDOVWX
G\ RQ WKH VKLHOGLQJ HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WZR VSHFL¿F
PDWHULDOVRIIHUHGDOXPLQXPDQGVWHHOZLWKGLIIH
UHQW WKLFNQHVVHV ZLWK WKH LQFLGHQFH RI PDJQHWLF
¿HOGVQHDUWKHORZIUHTXHQF\
,QWURGXFFLyQ
'HVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHODFRPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWUR
PDJQpWLFDWRGRVORVHTXLSRVHOpFWULFRV\HOHFWUy
QLFRVVRQVXVFHSWLEOHVHQPD\RURPHQRUPHGLGD
DLQWHUIHUHQFLDVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDVTXHSXHGHQVHU
GHWLSRUDGLDGRLQGXFLGRRFRQGXFLGR'HQWURGH
ODV IXHQWHV GH LQWHUIHUHQFLD PiV FRPXQHV VH HQ
FXHQWUDQODVGHVFDUJDVHOpFWULFDVDWPRVIpULFDVVH
xDOHV GH EDMD IUHFXHQFLD GHO VLVWHPD GH SRWHQFLD
\VHxDOHVGHDOWDIUHFXHQFLDGHVLVWHPDVGHFRPX
QLFDFLyQ/DWHRUtDHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDRIUHFHKHUUD
PLHQWDVSDUDHOPRGHODPLHQWRGHHVWRVIHQyPHQRV
GH DFRSODPLHQWR HOHFWURPDJQpWLFR \ OD IRUPD GH
DWHQXDUORVRHOLPLQDUORV2WW>@GH¿QHODHIHFWL
YLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH6DSDUWLUGHODVHFXDFLRQHV
\
E
S = 20Log 0 (1)
E1
H
4 = 20Log 0 (2)
H1
'RQGH
6(IHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH>G%@
(,QWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRHOpFWULFRLQFLGHQWH
(,QWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRHOpFWULFRWUDQVPLWLGR
+LQWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRPDJQHWLFRLQFLGHQWH
+LQWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRPDJQHWLFRWUDQVPLWLGR
3DUDHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHFDPSRHOHFWURPDJQpWL
FROHMDQRODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHHVWiGH¿QLGD
SRUWUHVWpUPLQRVSpUGLGDVSRUUHÀH[LyQSpUGLGDV
SRUDEVRUFLyQ\RWURVHIHFWRVGHELGRVDP~OWLSOHV
UHÀH[LRQHV\WUDQVPLVLRQHV(QODHFXDFLyQVH
PXHVWUDODFRQWULEXFLyQGHFDGDXQDGHODVFRPSR
QHQWHVDODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH
7HFQXUD DxR 1R VHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGH
UHFUHDFLRQHV
S = R + A + M (3)
'RQGH
6(IHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH>G%@
53pUGLGDVSRUUHÀH[LyQ>G%@
$3pUGLGDVSRUDEVRUFLyQ>G%@
0 (IHFWRV DGLFLRQDOHV GHELGRV D P~OWLSOHV UH
ÀH[LRQHV\WUDQVPLVLRQHV>G%@
(Q HO FDVR GHO FDPSR HOHFWURPDJQpWLFR FHUFDQR
ODJHRPHWUtDGHORVFDPSRVHOpFWULFR\PDJQpWLFR
HV PiV FRPSOHMD TXH OD XWLOL]DGD SDUD HO FDPSR
HOHFWURPDJQpWLFROHMDQRHQHOFXDOHODQiOLVLVUHD
OL]DGRFRQVLGHUDORVFDPSRVHOpFWULFR\PDJQpWL
FR FRPR RQGDV SODQDV 3RU WDQWR ODV HFXDFLRQHV
XWLOL]DGDVHQHOFiOFXORGHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQ
GDMH PHGLDQWH ODV HFXDFLRQHV HVSHFL¿FDGDV SDUD
HO FDVR GH FDPSR OHMDQR VRQ DSUR[LPDFLRQHV GHO
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR UHDO GHO FDPSR HOHFWURPDJQpWL
FRFHUFDQR>@3DUDHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHOFDPSR
PDJQpWLFRFHUFDQRGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDVHHQFXHQ
WUDTXHODVSpUGLGDVSRUUHÀH[LyQ5\DEVRUFLyQ$
VRQPX\SHTXHxDV(QFRQVHFXHQFLD&OD\WRQ>@
SODQWHDGRVPpWRGRVSDUDODDWHQXDFLyQGHOFDPSR
PDJQpWLFRFHUFDQRGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD(OSULPHUR
FRQVLVWHHQURGHDUODUHJLyQTXHVHSUHWHQGHEOLQ
GDUFRQPDWHULDOHVGHDOWDSHUPHDELOLGDGD¿QGH
JHQHUDUFDPLQRVGHEDMDUHOXFWDQFLDSDUDHOÀXMR
PDJQpWLFR(OVHJXQGRFRQVLVWHHQXELFDUDQLOORV
FRQGXFWRUHV HQ FRUWRFLUFXLWR HQ OD UHJLyQ TXH VH
SUHWHQGH EOLQGDU (O REMHWLYR HV TXH VH JHQHUHQ
FRUULHQWHVFLUFXODQWHVHQORVDQLOORVODVFXDOHVJH
QHUDUiQXQFDPSRPDJQpWLFRTXHLQWHUDFW~DFRQHO
FDPSRPDJQpWLFRLQFLGHQWHUHGXFLHQGRHOFDPSR
PDJQpWLFRHQODUHJLyQEOLQGDGD(OSUHVHQWHDUWt
FXORPXHVWUDORVUHVXOWDGRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVVREUH
ODHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHTXHRIUHFHQEOLQGDMHVGH
DOXPLQLR\KLHUURFRQXQDGHODVFRQ¿JXUDFLRQHV
JHRPpWULFDVSURSXHVWDVSRU&OD\WRQ>@DQWHODLQ
FLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMD
IUHFXHQFLD+]
&LUFXLWRGHSUXHED
6HFRQVWUX\yXQDIXHQWHGHFDPSRPDJQpWLFRSDU
WLHQGRGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDIRUPDGDSRUXQVROHQRLGH
ODUJR FRQ Q~FOHR GH DLUH /D UHODFLyQ ORQJLWXG
GLiPHWUROGHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHLJXDOD(O
VROHQRLGHVHDOLPHQWyFRQXQDIXHQWHGHFRUULHQWH
DOWHUQDGH+]¿OWUDGDPHGLDQWHXQFLUFXLWRUH
VRQDQWHHQSDUDOHORD¿QGHHOLPLQDUHOFRQWHQLGR
DUPyQLFRGHODIXHQWH/DWHRUtDHOHFWURPDJQpWLFD
>@SHUPLWHFDOFXODUODGHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWL
FRJHQHUDGRHQHOFHQWURGHXQVROHQRLGHODUJRFRQ
Q~FOHRGHDLUHDSDUWLUGHODHFXDFLyQ
n in
B= 0
(4)
l
'RQGH
% 'HQVLGDG GH ÀXMR PDQpWLFR HQ HO LQWHULRU GHO
VROHQRLGH>7@
ȝ3HUPHDELOLGDGGHODLUH>+P@
L&RUULHQWHTXHFLUFXODDWUDYpVGHOFRQGXFWRUTXH
IRUPDHOVROHQRLGH>$@
Q1~PHURGHYXHOWDVGHOVROHQRLGH
O/RQJLWXGGHOVROHQRLGH
/DV GLPHQVLRQHV GHO VROHQRLGH FRQVWUXLGR FRQ
YXHOWDVGHFRQGXFWRUGHFREUH1R$:*
VRQGLiPHWURFP\ORQJLWXGGHP/DV
GHQVLGDGHV GH ÀXMR PDJQpWLFR JHQHUDGDV SRU OD
IXHQWHGHLQWHUIHUHQFLDFRQVWUXLGDHVWiQXQUDQJR
HQWUHP7\P73DUDORJUDUHVWDVGHQVLGDGHV
GHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRVHLQ\HFWyFRUULHQWHDOWHUQDDO
VROHQRLGHFRQYDORUHVH¿FDFHVHQWUH$\$/D
PHGLFLyQGHOFDPSRPDJQpWLFRHQHOLQWHULRUGHO
VROHQRLGH VH UHDOL]y PHGLDQWH VHQVRUHV GH HIHFWR
+DOO UHIHUHQFLD $ FRQ DQFKR GH EDQGD GH
N+]\VHQVLELOLGDG97
6HFRQVWUX\HURQGRVVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMH(OSUL
PHURHQFRQ¿JXUDFLyQJHRPpWULFDSODQDFRQVLV
WLy HQ OiPLQDV FXDGUDGDV GH FP GH ODGR FRQV
WUXLGDV HQ DOXPLQLR \ KLHUUR ³&ROG 5ROOHG´ FRQ
HVSHVRUHVGHPPPP\PP(OVHJXQGR
HQFRQ¿JXUDFLyQJHRPpWULFDF~ELFDFRQVLVWLyHQ
FDMDV F~ELFDV GH FP GH ODGR FRQVWUXLGDV HQ
DOXPLQLR\KLHUUR³&ROG5ROOHG´FRQHVSHVRUHVGH
PPPP\PP(OHVTXHPDGHOFLUFXLWRGH
SUXHED\HOPRQWDMHH[SHULPHQWDOVHPXHVWUDQHQ
ODV¿JXUDV\
(VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHDQWHOD
LQFLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD
0DULR$5RGUtJXH]%$OHMDQGUR6iQFKH]6
UHFUHDFLRQHV
)LJXUD (VTXHPDGHOFLUFXLWRGHSUXHED
)LJXUD0RQWDMHH[SHULPHQWDO
0RQWDMHH[SHULPHQWDO
HOFDWiORJRGHOIDEULFDQWH
&DOLEUDFLyQ GHO VHQVRU GH HIHFWR
+DOO
3URFHGLPLHQWR H[SHULPHQWDO SDUD
GHWHUPLQDUODHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGD
MH
3DUDFDOLEUDUHOVHQVRUGHHIHFWR+DOOVHFRQVWUX\y
XQVROHQRLGHGHYXHOWDV\UHODFLyQOGLJXDOD
(OSURFHVRGHFDOLEUDFLyQVHUHDOL]yFRQIXHQ
WHV GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD \ DOWHUQD VLQXVRLGDO D
+] /RV UHVXOWDGRV HQ OD VHQVLELOLGDG WXYLHURQ
XQD GLIHUHQFLD SRUFHQWXDO Pi[LPD GHO FRQ
UHVSHFWRDOYDORUGHVHQVLELOLGDGSURSRUFLRQDGRHQ
8QDYH]FRQVWUXLGDODIXHQWHGHLQWHUIHUHQFLDVH
SURFHGLy D LQWURGXFLU ORV VLVWHPDV GH EOLQGDMH
OiPLQDV \ FDMDV F~ELFDV GHQWUR GH OD IXHQWH GH
LQWHUIHUHQFLD 3DUD GHWHUPLQDU OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH
EOLQGDMHVHXELFDURQGRVVHQVRUHVGHHIHFWR+DOO
XQRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH\RWURGHVSXpVGHOEOLQGD
MHHQHOFDVRGHODVOiPLQDVRGHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH
7HFQXUD DxR 1R VHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGH
UHFUHDFLRQHV
HQHOFDVRGHODVFDMDVF~ELFDV3RVWHULRUPHQWHVH
WRPDURQ ORV UHJLVWURV VLPXOWiQHRV GH ODV VHxDOHV
SURSRUFLRQDGDVSRUORVVHQVRUHVGHHIHFWR+DOO(O
UHJLVWURVHHIHFWXyFRQXQRVFLORVFRSLRGLJLWDOFRQ
DQFKRGHEDQGD0+]
5HVXOWDGR
%OLQGDMH GH FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ JHRPp
WULFDSODQDOiPLQDV
'HDFXHUGRFRQORVFiOFXORVGHHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQ
GDMHUHDOL]DGRVSRU&OD\WRQ\2WW>@>@ORVEOLQ
GDMHVHQIRUPDGHOiPLQDFRQPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV
\ PDJQpWLFRV RIUHFHQ XQD HIHFWLYLGDG GH EOLQGD
MHPX\EDMD3DUDFRPSUREDUHVDLQIRUPDFLyQVH
LPSOHPHQWDURQ EOLQGDMHV GH IRUPD SODQD FRQ ORV
PDWHULDOHV \ HVSHVRUHV GH¿QLGRV /RV UHVXOWDGRV
REWHQLGRV IXHURQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV VH HQFRQWUy XQD
HIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHGHG%DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
SDUDWRGRVORVPDWHULDOHV\HVSHVRUHVGH¿QLGRV(Q
OD¿JXUDVHPXHVWUDQORVUHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUD
HOEOLQGDMHGHDOXPLQLRFRQHVSHVRUPP(QOD
¿JXUDVHPXHVWUDQORVUHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUD
HOEOLQGDMHGHKLHUURFRQHVSHVRUPP/DWDEOD
UHVXPHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMH
SDUDORVEOLQGDMHVGHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQSODQDSDUDORV
WLSRV\HVSHVRUHVGHPDWHULDOGH¿QLGRV
)LJXUD 5HJLVWURV GHO VHQVRU XELFDGR DQWHV GHO
EOLQGDMH$\GHVSXpVGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDOiPLQD
GHKLHUURFRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMR
PDJQpWLFRGHP7
%OLQGDMHGHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQJHRPp
WULFDF~ELFDFDMDV
'DGDODEDMDHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHRIUHFLGDSRU
ORVEOLQGDMHVHQIRUPDGHOiPLQDVHQEDMDIUHFXHQ
FLD&OD\WRQ\2WW>@>@SURSRQHQXWLOL]DUXQEOLQ
GDMHTXHHQFLHUUHFRPSOHWDPHQWHODUHJLyQGRQGH
VHSUHWHQGHHYDOXDUODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH3RU
WDQWRVHLPSOHPHQWDURQEOLQGDMHVGHIRUPDF~ELFD
FRQORVPDWHULDOHV\HVSHVRUHVGH¿QLGRV
/RV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV IXHURQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV
ORVEOLQGDMHVGHDOXPLQLR\FREUHSDUDWRGRVORV
HVSHVRUHVRIUHFLHURQXQDHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMH
GHG%DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH(QOD¿JXUDVHPXHV
WUDQORVUHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUDHOEOLQGDMHGHDOX
PLQLR FRQ HVSHVRU GH PP 3RU RWUR ODGR ORV
EOLQGDMHV GH KLHUUR RIUHFLHURQ DOWDV HIHFWLYLGDGHV
GHEOLQGDMH(QODV¿JXUDVDVHPXHVWUDQORV
UHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUDORVEOLQGDMHVGHKLHUURHQ
WRGRVORVHVSHVRUHV/DWDEODUHVXPHORVUHVXOWD
GRVGHHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHSDUDORVEOLQGDMHV
GHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQF~ELFDSDUDORVWLSRV\HVSHVRUHV
GHPDWHULDOGH¿QLGRV
)LJXUD 5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH
$\GHVSXpVGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDOiPLQDGHDOXPLQLR
FRQ HVSHVRU GH PP \ GHQVLGDG GH ÀXMR PDJQpWLFR
GHP7
(VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHDQWHOD
LQFLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD
0DULR$5RGUtJXH]%$OHMDQGUR6iQFKH]6
UHFUHDFLRQHV
)LJXUD 5HJLVWURV GHO VHQVRU XELFDGR DQWHV GHO
EOLQGDMH$\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDFDMDF~ELFD
GH$OXPLQLRFRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMR
PDJQpWLFRGHP7
)LJXUD5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH
$\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDFDMDF~ELFDGHKLHUUR
FRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRGH
P7
)LJXUD5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH
$\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDFDMDF~ELFDGHKLHUUR
FRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRGH
P7
)LJXUD5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH
%\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH$SDUDFDMDF~ELFDGHKLHUUR
FRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRGH
P7
&RQFOXVLRQHV
(OXVRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRVHQORVHVSHVRUHV
HVSHFL¿FDGRV FRPR VLVWHPDV GH EOLQGDMH FRQWUD
FDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDQRHVDGH
FXDGRSRUTXHVXHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHHVSUiF
WLFDPHQWHQXOD
/RV PDWHULDOHV PDJQpWLFRV RIUHFHQ XQ H[FHOHQWH
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR FRPR EOLQGDMH FRQWUD FDPSRV
PDJQpWLFRV GH EDMD IUHFXHQFLD HQ FRPSDUDFLyQ
FRQORVPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRVGDGRTXHVXHIHFWL
YLGDGGHEOLQGDMHHVPX\DOWR(VWDFRQFOXVLyQQR
VH GHEH JHQHUDOL]DU SRUTXH ORV PDWHULDOHV PDJ
QpWLFRVSXHGHQSUHVHQWDUVDWXUDFLyQSRUWDQWROD
HIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHSXHGHUHGXFLUVH
/DHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRV
FHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDHQHOFDVRGHOKLHUUR
HVPD\RUHQODPHGLGDTXHVHDXPHQWHHOHVSHVRU
GHOEOLQGDMH
7HFQXUD DxR 1R VHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGH
UHFUHDFLRQHV
6H FRPSUREDURQ ORV SUHVXSXHVWRV WHyULFRV HQ
FXDQWRDODEDMDHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHGHORVPD
WHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVHQIRUPDGHOiPL
QD3RUORWDQWRVLVHSUHWHQGHEOLQGDUXQVLVWHPD
TXH DFW~H FRPR YtFWLPD R IXHQWH FRQWUD FDPSR
PDJQpWLFRFHUFDQRGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDGHEHHQFH
UUDUVHWRWDOPHQWHODUHJLyQFRQPDWHULDOHVPDJQp
WLFRVGHDOWDSHUPHDELOLGDG
5HIHUHQFLDV
>@
:+D\WDQG-%XFN³(QJLQHHULQJHOHF
WURPDJQHWLFV´WK(G0F*UDZ+LOO1HZ
<RUNS
>@
53 &OD\WRQ ³,QWURGXFWLRQ WR HOHFWUR
PDJQHWLF FRPSDWLELOLW\´ QG (G :LOH\
1HZ<RUNS
>@
+:2WW³1RLVHUHGXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVLQ
HOHFWURQLF V\VWHPV´ QG (G :LOH\ 1HZ
<RUN
(VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHDQWHOD
LQFLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD
0DULR$5RGUtJXH]%$OHMDQGUR6iQFKH]6