Reducción de peso de los aerogeneradores REOLTEC

Reducción de peso de los
aerogeneradores
REOLTEC/ Jornada Tecnológica
Pep Prats
Madrid, 17 de Junio de 2010
Que es un Aerogenerador?
• Conversión de energía eólica en electricidad
P=½*ρ*S*V02*Cp
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 2
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Que es un Aerogenerador?
• Uso de dos kilos de acero para producir la energía
eléctrica equivalente a un barril de petróleo
VIENTO
2 kg
El sector eólico consume el 0,36% del acero mundial
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 3
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Cual es el óptimo?
• Máximo de producción eléctrica por unidad de materiales
• Máximo de producción eléctrica por superficie de terreno
• Máximo de producción eléctrica por potencia instalada
P0
S
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 4
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Que es un aerogenerador?
50%
25
40%
20
30%
15
Acero
re
s
lia
Au
xi
Tr
en
Bu
j
en
ta
c
Ci
m
Pa
la
s
0
po
t
0%
e
5
So
po
rte
10%
re
10
ió
n
20%
Coste (€/kg)
Fx, peso
Fx,Mx
Par
Momentos
Fatiga Fx
25
30
To
r
GRP
Acero
Acero
Acero
Acero
Varios
Acero
Peso
Palas
Buje
Tren de potencia
Estructura góndola
Torre
Sistemas auxiliares
Cimentación
tn
€/kg
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 5
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Conductores del diseño
•
•
•
•
Cargas extremas
Fatiga
Deformación estructura
Par
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 6
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Indicador de eficiencia
• La energía producida depende directamente de la superficie
barrida
• El peso sobre la torre es el valor mas neutral de medida del
peso total
• El peso especifico kg(THM)/m2 es un indicador de la
excelencia en el uso de materiales
Uso de recursos aproximado (kg/m2)
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 7
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Uso de recursos
Specific tower head mass (kg/m2) vs, diameter
50
45
40
35
30
,
25
20
ECO 100
15
ECO 110
10
5
0
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
Dispersión en grandes aerogeneradores
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 8
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Cual es el objetivo del R+D?
• Reducir el peso del aerogenerador
• Mejorar su integración eléctrica y ambiental
La tecnología eólica es más de lo mismo?
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 9
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Reducción de cargas
Fuerza axial específica y coste energia
N/m2 300
30
250
25
200
20
150
15
100
10
50
5
0
1980
1990
2000
2010
$c/kWh
FX extrema
coste energia
0
2020
F uente: S hell G lobal S ce narios
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 10
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
El ejemplo del concepto del rotor
• Es posible diseñar rotores con distintos rendimientos
(Cp) objetivos
• Diferencias en rendimiento corresponden a distintos
puntos de trabajo en el perfil, (Cl/Cd)
• Resultan en cuerdas distintas
• Resultan en cargas distintas tanto a extremas como en
fatiga
• Resultan en pesos de aerogenerador distintos
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 11
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Concepto rotor
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 12
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Concepto del aerogenerador
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 13
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Dos entornos de evolución
Imaginar
Diseñar
Experimentar
Validar
2 entornos de experimentación: Real - Virtual
AÑOS
Entorno
Aerogenerador
Medidas
Resultados
Modelación, Validación, Comprensión, Conocimiento
Condiciones
Modelo
Simulación
Resultados
DÍAS
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 14
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Futuro: Control de cargas
Avanzar en actuación
Predicción
Medida
Viento local
Viento
Medida
aerodinámica
Fuerzas
Deformación
Sensor
deformación
Velocidad
Sensor
velocidad
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 15
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Futuro: Aumento de tamaño
El aumento de tamaño debería incrementar los pesos con
exponentes mayores que 2 por:
- Los momentos en la base de la pala aumentan con
exponente 2,5
- La velocidad de giro disminuye por límite en la velocidad de
punta de pala
- El par aumenta más rápidamente que la potencia
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 16
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Conclusiones
• Los retos tecnológicos son visibles?
-
Concepto de aerogenerador
Concepto de rotor
Reducción de cargas: Control, control, control
Electrónica de potencia a gran escala
• Son tecnologías nuevas?
-
Nuevos perfiles aerodinámicos
Materiales al límite de sus prestaciones
Nuevos conceptos de control cíclico
Nuevos sensores y actuadores rápidos
Control distribuido de alta velocidad
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 17
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
3MW > 250.000 boe
Reducción de peso en aerogeneradores - PPr - 17 Jun 2010 - P 18
© ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any
particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without
express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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