Permeabilidad de membranas - Facultad de Agronomía y
Anuncio
&iWHGUDGH%LRORJtD)DFXOWDGGH$JURQRPtD\$JURLQGXVWULDV816(
3(50($%,/,'$''(0(0%5$1$6
3UHVHQWDFLyQ
/DV PHPEUDQDV FHOXODUHV HVWiQ FRQVWLWXLGDV SRU XQD ELFDSD OLStGLFD
GHQWURGHODFXDOVHLQVHUWDQSURWHtQDVHQXQD SURSRUFLyQ YDULDEOH )LJXUD (VWDV SURWHtQDV SXHGHQ VHU SHULIpULFDV R LQWHJUDOHV VHJ~Q DWUDYLHVHQ R QR OD
ELFDSD OLStGLFD 7DPELpQ HV FRP~Q OD SUHVHQFLD GH KLGUDWRV GH FDUERQR
DVRFLDGRVDOtSLGRV\SURWHtQDVVLHPSUHRULHQWDGDVKDFLDODIDVHH[WHUQD
/DV PHPEUDQDV FRQILHUHQ D ODV FpOXODV VX LQGLYLGXDOLGDG DO VHSDUDUODV
GHOPHGLRTXHODVURGHD\UHJXODUODHQWUDGD\VDOLGDGHVROXWRVSHUPHDELOLGDG
VHOHFWLYD /DV FpOXODV HXFDULRWDV FRQWLHQHQ DGHPiV PHPEUDQDV LQWHUQDV TXH
GHOLPLWDQRUJDQRLGHVWDOHVFRPRPLWRFRQGULDVFORURSODVWRVOLVRVRPDVHWF
3DUD TXH ODV PHPEUDQDV FXPSODQ VXV IXQFLRQHV ELROyJLFDV GHEHQ
HQFRQWUDUVH HQ HVWDGR IOXLGR OR TXH LPSOLFD XQ FRQVWDQWH PRYLPLHQWR GH ODV
PROpFXODV TXH ODV FRQVWLWX\HQ 'LFKD IOXLGH] QR VyOR GHSHQGH GH IDFWRUHV
DPELHQWDOHV FRPR OD WHPSHUDWXUD VLQR WDPELpQ GH VX FRPSRVLFLyQ TXtPLFD
'H HVWH PRGR KDVWD ORV VHUHV YLYRV PiV VLPSOHV KDQ GHVDUUROODGR
PHFDQLVPRV TXH OHV SHUPLWHQ PRGLILFDU OD FRPSRVLFLyQ OLStGLFD GH VXV
PHPEUDQDV SDUD REWHQHU XQD IOXLGH] DGHFXDGD 3DUD HOOR D EDMDV
WHPSHUDWXUDVODVFpOXODVVRQFDSDFHVGHLQFUHPHQWDUODSURSRUFLyQGHiFLGRV
JUDVRV LQVDWXUDGRV OR TXH GHWHUPLQD XQ PHQRU HPSDTXHWDPLHQWR GH ODV
PROpFXODV\DVtXQDPD\RUIOXLGH]
(OWUDQVSRUWHGHVROXWRVDWUDYpVGHODVPHPEUDQDVGHSHQGHGHYDULRV
IDFWRUHV HQWUH ORV TXH VH GHVWDFDQ VX SRODULGDG \ WDPDxR /DV VXVWDQFLDV
DSRODUHV GLIXQGHQ OLEUHPHQWH D WUDYpV GH OD ELFDSD OLStGLFD PLHQWUDV TXH ODV
SRODUHVHQFXHQWUDQXQDLPSRUWDQWHEDUUHUDHQODSRUFLyQKLGURIyELFDFRQVWLWXLGD
SRUODVFRODVGHORViFLGRVJUDVRV
(Q OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO WDPDxR HQ HO FDVR GH VXVWDQFLDV RUJiQLFDV D
PD\RU PDVD PROHFXODU PHQRU YHORFLGDG GH WUDQVSRUWH 6LQ HPEDUJR SDUD
LRQHVKD\TXHFRQVLGHUDUHOUDGLRVROYDWDGR\VXUHODFLyQLQYHUVDFRQODPDVD
DWyPLFD SRU HMHPSOR HO /L SUHVHQWD XQD PDVD DWyPLFD PHQRU TXH HO . \
SRUHQGHXQPD\RUUDGLRVROYDWDGRORTXHKDFHTXHVXYHORFLGDGGHWUDQVSRUWH
VHDPHQRU
(ODJXDSHVHDTXHHVXQDPROpFXODSRODUHVXQDGH ODVVXVWDQFLDVTXH
PiV IiFLOPHQWH DWUDYLHVD ODV PHPEUDQDV FHOXODUHV D WUDYpV GH SRURV
GHQRPLQDGRV¦DFXRSRULQDV§
x
x
(VWHWUDEDMRSUiFWLFRWLHQHFRPRREMHWLYRV
(VWXGLDU ORV IDFWRUHV TXH DIHFWDQ OD HVWUXFWXUD \ IOXLGH] GH ODV
PHPEUDQDVELROyJLFDV
2EVHUYDU HQ SUHSDUDGRV PLFURVFySLFRV ODV FRQVHFXHQFLDV GHO
PRYLPLHQWRVGHODJXDDWUDYpVGHODVPHPEUDQDV
GH
&iWHGUDGH%LRORJtD)DFXOWDGGH$JURQRPtD\$JURLQGXVWULDV816(
)LJXUD (VWUXFWXUD GH XQD PHPEUDQD FHOXODU $GYLpUWDVH OD XELFDFLyQ GH ORV KLGUDWRV GH
FDUERQRDVRFLDGRVDOtSLGRV\SURWHtQDV$GDSWDGDGH
KWWSSXFFOVZBHGXFQHXURFLHQFLDVKWPOKWPO
$VSHFWRVWHyULFRVQHFHVDULRV
/D&iWHGUDDFRQVHMDUHDOL]DUXQDSURIXQGDUHYLVLyQGHORVVLJXLHQWHVWHPDV
&RPSRVLFLyQ TXtPLFD GH ODV PHPEUDQDV FHOXODUHV HVWUXFWXUD GH ORV OtSLGRV
GHULYDGRVGHOJOLFHURO\GHODHVILQJRVLQD
7LSRVGHWUDQVSRUWHDWUDYpVGHPHPEUDQD
$FWLYLGDGHV
D)DFWRUHVTXHDIHFWDQODSHUPHDELOLGDGVHOHFWLYDGHODVPHPEUDQDV
3UHSDUDFLyQ GHO PDWHULDO UHWLUH FRQ DX[LOLR GH XQ VDFDERFDGRV GH FP GH
GLiPHWUR FLOLQGURV GH UHPRODFKD &yUWHORV HQ GLVFRV GH FP GH HVSHVRU \
OiYHORV FRQ DJXD GHVWLODGD KDVWD TXH QR VH YLVXDOLFH OD VDOLGD GH SLJPHQWR
6HTXHORVGLVFRVFRQSDSHOGHILOWUR\FROyTXHORVHQWXERVGHHQVD\RXQGLVFR
SRUWXER3DUDFDGDWUDWDPLHQWRVHHIHFWXDUiQWUHVUHSHWLFLRQHV
(IHFWR GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD VRPHWD D WUHV GH ORV WXERV D XQD WHPSHUDWXUD GH
&IUHH]HUGXUDQWHPLQXWRV5HWtUHORV\DGLFLRQHPOGHDJXDGHVWLODGD
\GpMHORVDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHGXUDQWHPLQXWRV
$GLFLRQH PO GH DJXD GHVWLODGDD WXERV \ VRPpWDORV D WHPSHUDWXUDV GH KHODGHUDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWH\&GXUDQWHPLQXWRV
FRQDJLWDFLyQRFDVLRQDO5HWLUHORVGLVFRV\OHDDEVRUEDQFLDGHORVH[WUDFWRVD
QP 6L ORV YDORUHV GH DEVRUEDQFLD IXHUDQ PX\ HOHYDGRV GLOX\D GH LJXDO
PDQHUDWRGRVORVWXERV
GH
&iWHGUDGH%LRORJtD)DFXOWDGGH$JURQRPtD\$JURLQGXVWULDV816(
(IHFWR GH VROYHQWHV RUJiQLFRV SURFHGD FRPR VH LQGLFy HQ HO tWHP DQWHULRU
FRORFDQGRORVGLVFRVHQPOGHDJXDEHQFHQR\[LOHQR$JLWH\OHD
DEVRUEDQFLDQP
(IHFWRGHO&D('7$\ +%2HVWD YH] DGLFLRQH D ORV WXERVPO GH DJXD
GHVWLODGDWHVWLJR('7$&D&O+%2('7$&D&O('7$+%2P0
'HMHORVWXERVDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHGXUDQWHPLQXWRV\OHDDEVRUEDQFLDD
QP 6L ORV YDORUHV GH DEVRUEDQFLD IXHUDQ PX\ HOHYDGRV GLOX\D GH LJXDO
PDQHUDWRGRVORVWXERV
(IHFWR GHO 7ZHHQ HVWD YH] DGLFLRQH D ORV WXERV PO GH DJXD GHVWLODGD
WHVWLJR\VROXFLRQHVGH7ZHHQDO\YY'HMH
ORVWXERVDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHGXUDQWHPLQXWRV\OHDDEVRUEDQFLDD
QP3URFHGDFRPRVHGHVFULELyHQORVtWHPVDQWHULRUHV
3UHSDUDFLyQGHOLQIRUPH
&DOFXOH HO YDORU PHGLR GH DEVRUEDQFLD GH FDGD WUDWDPLHQWR \ UHSUHVHQWH ORV
UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV HQ JUiILFRV GH EDUUDV 'LVF~WDORV \ MXVWLILTXH ODV
REVHUYDFLRQHV
E2EVHUYDFLRQHVPLFURVFySLFDV
&RQ D\XGD GH XQD DJXMD KLVWROyJLFD H[WUDLJD SRUFLRQHV GH HSLGHUPLV GH
FDWiILODVGHFHEROOD\FROyTXHODVHQFDMDVGHSHWULFRQWHQLHQGRDJXDGHVWLODGD
\ VROXFLRQHV GH VDFDURVD \ 0 GXUDQWH PLQXWRV &ROyTXHODV
HQWUH SRUWD \ FXEUHREMHWRV FRQ XQD JRWD GH OD VROXFLyQ GH LQFXEDFLyQ \
REVHUYHDGLIHUHQWHVDXPHQWRV'LEXMH\GLVFXWDORVUHVXOWDGRV
&XHVWLRQDULR
'LVFXWDFXDOHVHOHIHFWRGHWHPSHUDWXUDVH[WUHPDVHM&VREUH
ODSHUPHDELOLGDGVHOHFWLYDGHODVPHPEUDQDVFHOXODUHV
,QYHVWLJXHFXDOHVHOHIHFWRGHO('7$VREUHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH&D FHOXODU
\VREUHODSHUPHDELOLGDGGHODVPHPEUDQDV
&RQVLGHUDQGR ODV SURSLHGDGHV TXtPLFDV GHO LRQ %2 LQWHUSUHWH ORV
UHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVDOLQFXEDUHOPDWHULDOYHJHWDOHQSUHVHQFLDGH+%2
(YDO~H HO HIHFWR GHO 7ZHHQ WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ODV SURSLHGDGHV GH ORV
GHWHUJHQWHV
%LEOLRJUDItDUHFRPHQGDGD
&DPSEHOO 1 5HHFH -% 0LWFKHOO /*%LRORJ\ WD HGLFLyQ 7KH
%HQMDPLQ&XPPLQJV3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\5HGZRRG&LW\&DOLIRUQLD86$
/HKQLQJHU$/1HOVRQ'\&R[03ULQFLSOHVRI%LRFKHQLVWU\GD
HGLFLyQ:RUWK3XEOLVKHUV1HZ<RUN86$
GH
&iWHGUDGH%LRORJtD)DFXOWDGGH$JURQRPtD\$JURLQGXVWULDV816(
5HFXUVRVGH,17(51(7
(Q OD VLJXLHQWHGLUHFFLyQ HQFRQWUDUi XQD VtQWHVLV GHO WHPD HQ FDVWHOODQR FRQ
HVTXHPDVPX\GLGiFWLFRV
KWWSZZZDUUDNLVHVaOOXHQJRPHPEUDQDKWPO
GH
