Catalizadores (isac).indd

Anuncio
Catalizadores
µIWX‡Wgk[[b
h[ifediWXb[Z[biWXeh
ZkbY[oWcWh]e[dbei
Y‡jh_Yei[ibWc_icW
cebƒYkbW5
KdYWjWb_pWZeh[i jcVhjhiVcX^VfjZ^cXgZbZciVaVkZadX^YVYVaVfjZ
hZegdYjXZjcVgZVXX^‹cfj†b^XVh^cXdchjb^ghZZcaVgZVXX^‹c#:hiZ]ZX]d
i^ZcZjcV\gVc^bedgiVcX^VYZhYZjcejcidYZk^hiV^cYjhig^Va#
AVXVi{a^h^hZhXgjX^VaeVgVaV^cYjhig^Vfj†b^XV#AdhXViVa^oVYdgZheZgb^iZc
fjZaVhgZVXX^dcZhfj†b^XVhhZegdYjoXVcXdckZadX^YVYZhadhjÒX^ZciZbZciZ
VaiVh Xdbd eVgV fjZ hZVc k^VWaZh ^cYjhig^VabZciZ! d Zc XdcY^X^dcZh
ZmeZg^bZciVaZhbZcdhZm^\ZciZh#
Enantiómeros y Quiralidad.
H^cdhb^gVbdhVjcZheZ_dYZhXjWg^gZbdhfjZ!ZcVeVg^ZcX^V!iZcZbdhjceaVcdYZ
h^bZig†VfjZgZaVX^dcVaVhYdhb^iVYZhYZcjZhigdXjZged/iZcZbdhYdhd_dhjcdVXVYV
aVYd!YdhWgVodh!Ydhe^ZgcVh!jcVcVg^oW^ZcXdadXVYVZcbZY^d###:hiVh^bZig†VYV
aj\VgVjcVegde^ZYVYfjZhZedcZYZbVc^ÒZhidh^dWhZgkVbdhcjZhigVhbVcdh#Hdc
h^b‚ig^XVh!jcVZhaV^bV\ZcZheZXjaVgYZaVdigV!eZgdcdhdc^Y‚ci^XVh/cdedYZbdh
hjeZgedcZgaVh!adh\jVciZhcdhdc^ciZgXVbW^VWaZh#:hiVegde^ZYVYhZaaVbVfj^gVa^YVY#
:cZabjcYdYZaVhbda‚XjaVhcdh
ZcXdcigVbdhXdcbjai^ijYYZZaaVh
fjZegZhZciVcZhiVegde^ZYVY!bj"
X]Vhb{hYZaVhfjZejZYVeVgZXZg#
JcVbda‚XjaVnhj^bV\ZcZheZXjaVg
cdhdchjeZgedc^WaZhZhYZX^g!Xdbd
cjZhigVhbVcdh!cdhdc^Y‚ci^XVh#
BjX]VhYZZhiVhbda‚XjaVhi^ZcZc
VXi^k^YVYW^da‹\^XV/Vb^cd{X^Ydh!
egdiZ†cVh!VgdbVh!ZhZcX^Vh!bZY^"
XVbZcidh![jc\^X^YVh!]ZgW^X^YVh!
eZhi^X^YVh!###EgZhZciV!ejZh!aVegd"
e^ZYVYaaVbVYVfj^gVa^YVYnhZY^XZ
fjZhdcfj^gVaZh#
JcVbda‚XjaVfj^gVaZh!edgZ_Zbead!
aVfjZYVZadadgVcVgVc_V#AVbda‚"
XjaVgZhedchVWaZZhZaG"a^bdcZcd0
adXjg^dhdZhfjZhj^bV\ZcZheZXj"
aVg!ZaH"a^bdcZcd!]jZaZVa^b‹c#
AVcdiVX^‹cG‹HhZZbeaZVeVgV
Y^hi^c\j^gaVh#HdcYdhXdbejZhidh
^h‹bZgdhnhZaaVbVcZcVci^‹bZgdh#
:cZhiZXVbed!ZhYZZheZX^Va^bedgiVcX^VaVXVi{a^h^hZcVci^dhZaZXi^kV!ZcZheZX^VaZc
aV^cYjhig^V[VgbVX‚ji^XV!ejZhidfjZadhhZgZhk^kdhhdbdhbjnhZaZXi^kdhVaV]dgVYZ
Y^hi^c\j^gZcVci^‹bZgdh#
;bXeecZ[bWYWj|b_i_i[dWdj_ei[b[Yj_lWhjXZY^‹ZcadhVŠdhhZiZciV
YZah^\adeVhVYd#6eVgi^gYZadhigVWV_dhYZL^aa^VbH#@cdlaZhhdWgZjci^edYZXViV"
a^oVYdgZh Y^X]d i‚Xc^XVbZciZ! XViVa^oVYdgZh YZ ]^Ygd\ZcVX^‹c WVhVYdh Zc bZiVaZh YZ
igVch^X^‹cZcadhfjZhZ^cXajn‹Xdbda^\VcYd[dhÒcVhfj^gVaZh!aZaaZkVgdcVYZhVggdaaVg
aVeg^bZgVh†ciZh^hVh^b‚ig^XVXViVa†i^XV^cYjhig^Va!aVYZaVA"9DE6#:hiZVb^cd{X^YdhZ
ji^a^oVZcZaigViVb^ZcidYZaEVg`^chdc!naVXdbeVŠ†VBdchVcid]VkZc^Ydji^a^oVcYdZhiZ
egdXZhdYZhYZ&.,)#
IgVhZhiZ‚m^id!jc\gjedYZ^ckZhi^\VYdgZhY^g^\^YdedgG#Cdndg^h^\j^‹edgZhZXVb^cdn
Zc&.-)aVZbegZhVIV`VhV\dejhdZc[jcX^dcVb^ZcidjcVeaVciVYZhi^cVYVVh^ciZi^oVg
ZabZcida!ji^a^oVYdXdbdVgdbV#9ZhYZh^ZbegZadhX]^cdhad]VcZmigV†YdYZaVeaVciV
BZci]VVgkZch^h!nVchZh^\jZegdYjX^ZcYd#9Z]ZX]d!ZabZcidai^ZcZ-^h‹bZgdhn
YZidYdhZaadhh‹adjcdi^ZcZaVhegde^ZYVYZhfjZXdcdXZbdh#9ZhYZZcidcXZhh^ciZi^oV
XZgXVYZaVb^iVYYZabZcidaegdYjX^YdZcidYdZabjcYd#
L#H#@cdlaZh!G#Cdndg^n@#7#H]VgeaZhhgZX^W^ZgdcZc'%%&ZaEgZb^dCdWZaYZFj†b^XV
edghjhigVWV_dhZcZhiZXVbed#
Síntesis Enantioselectiva
:cigZ aVh bda‚XjaVh fj^gVaZh aVh b{h gZaZkVciZh fj^o{ hZVc adh [{gbVXdh# Jc \gVc
cbZgdYZZaadhhdcfj^gVaZh!edgfjZcjZhigVegde^VW^dfj†b^XViVbW^‚cadZh#8jVcYd
jcV bda‚XjaV edhZZ Ydh ZcVci^‹bZgdh! Zc bjX]Vh dXVh^dcZh! hjXZYZ fjZ h‹ad jcd
i^ZcZ aV VXi^k^YVY W^da‹\^XV YZhZVYV! ejZh adh gZXZeidgZh YZa dg\Vc^hbd h‹ad ejZYZc
^ciZgVXijVgXdcjcdYZZaadh#:aegdWaZbVhjg\ZXjVcYdhZfj^ZgZh^ciZi^oVgaVbda‚XjaV/
h^cdhZedcZcadhbZY^dhVYZXjVYdhhZdWi^ZcZcadhYdhZcVci^‹bZgdhZcjcVbZoXaVVa
*%YZXVYVjcdYZZaadh0hZdWi^ZcZadfjZhZaaVbVjcVbZoXaVgVX‚b^XV#AdY^[†X^aZh
ZchZeVgVgZai^aYZafjZcdadZh!ejZhVbWdhi^ZcZc^Y‚ci^XVhaV\gVcbVndg†VYZhjh
egde^ZYVYZh/hdcZab^hbdXdbejZhidZcZafjZadh{idbdhhZ]VcXdadXVYd[dgbVcYd
YdhV\gjeVX^dcZhY^[ZgZciZhZcZaZheVX^d#
AVh†ciZh^hZcVci^dhZaZXi^kV!dWiZcZgjcdh‹adYZadhZcVci^‹bZgdh!cdZh[{X^aYZ]VXZg#
JcV[dgbVYZdWiZcZgadhXdbejZhidhXdcaVfj^gVa^YVYYZhZVYVZhZbeaZVgbViZg^VaZh
YZeVgi^YVcVijgVaZhfjZnVaVedhZVcnXdchZgkVgaVYjgVciZZaegdXZhdYZh†ciZh^h#
DigVZhigViZ\^V]Vh^YdYZhVggdaaVggZVXi^kdhfj^gVaZheVgVY^[ZgZciZhi^edhYZgZVXX^dcZh!
fjZ eZgb^iVc ^cigdYjX^g aV fj^gVa^YVY YZhZVYV Zc Za egdYjXid dWiZc^Yd# EVgV dWiZcZg
ZcVci^‹bZgdh ejgdh Zh cZXZhVg^d ZbeaZVg ÆbZY^dh fj^gVaZhÇ edgfjZ h‹ad Zc Zaadh adh
ZcVci‹bZgdh bVc^ÒZhiVc hjh Y^[ZgZcX^Vh0 h^ cd igVWV_Vbdh Zc jc bZY^d fj^gVa! hdc
^cY^hi^c\j^WaZh#
=dnZcY†V]VncjbZgdhdhXdbejZhidhZcVci^dhZaZXi^kdhXdcVea^XVX^dcZhZcbjX]dh
XVbedhYZcjZhigVhk^YVh#6YZb{hYZZ_ZbeadhYZ[{gbVXdh!edYZbdhZcXdcigVgadh
Xdbd^chZXi^X^YVhd[jc\^X^YVh#
8dbd]Zbdhk^hidZcadhZ_ZbeadhVciZg^dgZh!\ZcZgVabZciZ!hdaVbZciZcdh^ciZgZhVc
aVhegde^ZYVYZhYZjcdYZadhZcVci^‹bZgdh!nVfjZZadigddcdegZhZciVZhVegde^ZYVY
YZhZVYVdZcjcVegdedgX^‹cbjX]dbZcdgedgadfjZZhcZXZhVg^dbjX]Vb{hXVci^"
YVYYZXdbejZhideVgVVaXVcoVgadhb^hbdhgZhjaiVYdh#
EdgZhiZbdi^kdXdchZ\j^gaVegZeVgVX^‹chZaZXi^kVYZjcdYZadhXdbejZhidhZhYZ
\gVc^ciZg‚h#:hiZZhjcXVbedYZ^ckZhi^\VX^‹cidiVabZciZVW^ZgidejZhidfjZZcb{h
YZaVb^iVYYZadhXVhdhidYVk†VcdhZ]VedY^Ydad\gVgegZeVgVghdaVbZciZjcdYZadh
ZcVci^‹bZgdh#
9VYVZhiVY^ÒXjaiVYfjZhjedcZhZeVgVgYdhZcVci^‹bZgdh!]VhiV]VXZjcdhVŠdhadh
bZY^XVbZcidhfj^gVaZhhZVYb^c^higVWVc]VW^ijVabZciZXdbdbZoXaVhgVX‚b^XVh!
VjcfjZaVVXi^k^YVYiZgVe‚ji^XVgZh^Y^ZhZZcjcdh‹adYZadhZcVci^‹bZgdh#:hiZ]ZX]d
egdkdX‹jcdYZadhÆYZhVhigZhÇ[VgbVXda‹\^Xdhb{h^bedgiVciZhYZah^\adMM#:cigZ
&.*.n&.+'hZVYb^c^hig‹iVa^Ydb^YVVbj_ZgZhZbWVgVoVYVhXdbdhZYVciZnXdcigV
aVhc{jhZVh!YjgVciZadheg^bZgdhbZhZhYZ\ZhiVX^‹c#AVhegde^ZYVYZhYZhZVYVhhZ
ZcXdcigVWVcZcaVG"iVa^Ydb^YV!eZgdhZVYb^c^higVWVaVbZoXaVgVX‚b^XV#H^cZb"
WVg\d!adfjZhZYZhXdcdX†VZgVfjZaVH"iVa^Ydb^YVZhiZgVid\‚c^XV!egdYjXZbVa[dg"
bVX^dcZh[ZiVaZh!Va\dfjZeVh‹YZhVeZgX^W^Yd]VhiVfjZZbeZoVgdcVcVXZgadhc^Šdh#
>ckZhi^\VX^dcZhedhiZg^dgZhYZhXjWg^ZgdcfjZ!VYZb{h!Ve=Òh^da‹\^XdaVbda‚XjaVhZ
gVXZb^oV!ZhidZh!aVG"iVa^Ydb^YVhZXdck^ZgiZeVgX^VabZciZZcH"iVa^Ydb^YV/iVb"
edXdZaZcVci^‹bZgdhZYVciZYZWZhjb^c^higVghZ#
Una Reacción Catalítica Sencilla
AVYZhXdbedh^X^‹cYZaV\jVdm^\ZcVYVeZg‹m^YdYZ]^Yg‹\ZcdZcV\jVndm†\Zcd!
hZ\caVgZVXX^‹c/
(>(E((>(E!E(
ZhjcVgZVXX^‹cfjZejZYZigVchXjgg^gZhedci{cZVbZciZeZgdZhZmigVdgY^cVg^VbZciZ
aZciV#:cXdcY^X^dcZhcdgbVaZhhZYZhXdbedcZc&%%%%%bda‚XjaVhXVYV(%%VŠdhedg
XVYVbdaYZ='D'+!%'(&%'(bda‚XjaVh#
H^cZbWVg\d!XjVcYdVŠVY^bdhjcXViVa^oVYdgaVgZVXX^‹cZhbjng{e^YV#
EVgVZaadkVbdhVji^a^oVg&%%baYZV\jVdm^\ZcVYVZcjcVXdcXZcigVX^‹cYZa(%!]Vn
fjZiZcZgXj^YVYdXdccdidXVgaVnVfjZegdYjXZfjZbVYjgVhZ^gg^iVX^‹c#6ŠVY^bdh
jcVh\diVhYZaVkVkV_^aaVhXdcXZcigVYd!V\^iVbdhaVbZoXaVnkZbdhfjZcddXjggZ
cVYV#
H^VZhiVbZoXaVhZaZVŠVYZjcedXd'd(\gVbdhYZoeZkheZ[ieZ_e!CV>!fjZVXijV
XdbdXViVa^oVYdgdXjggZadh^\j^ZciZ/
:adm†\ZcdgZhjaiVciZYZaVYZhXdbedh^X^‹cYZaV\jVdm^\ZcVYVVahZgjc\VhVhX^ZcYZ!
XgZVcYdjcV^begZh^dcVciZZhejbV\gVX^VhVaaVkVkV_^aaVhfjZ]ZbdhVŠVY^Yd#:hjcV
[dgbVhZcX^aaVYZÆkZgÇfjZaVgZVXX^‹cYZYZhXdbedh^X^‹chZ]VegdYjX^Yd\gVX^VhVa
XViVa^oVYdgfjZ]ZbdhVŠVY^Yd#
¿Qué hacemos en el ICMA?
:c Za >8B6 egZiZcYZbdh YZhXjWg^g b‚idYdh eVgV \ZcZgVg XdbejZhidh ZcVci^‹bZgdh
ejgdhbZY^VciZXVi{a^h^h/jcXViVa^oVYdg^ciZgVXX^dcVXdc6n[VX^a^iVfjZ6gZVXX^dcZXdc
7!hZ[dgbV67fjZhZgZXd\ZXdbdegdYjXid!hZgZ\ZcZgVZaXViVa^oVYdgn6Xdb^ZcoV
jccjZkdX^Xad#
GZXdgYZbdh fjZ eVgV dWiZcZg XdbejZhidh ZcVci^db‚g^XVbZciZ ejgdh hZ i^ZcZ fjZ
ji^a^oVgVa\dfj^gVa!nZhdZhXVgd!ejZhcdZh[{X^adWiZcZgad#:beaZVcYdXViVa^oVYdgZh
fj^gVaZhgZYjX^bdhadhXdhiZhnVfjZXdcjcVeZfjZŠVXVci^YVYYZXViVa^oVYdgedYZbdh
dWiZcZg\gVcYZhXVci^YVYZhYZaegdYjXidfj^gVaÒcVa
:ai^edYZXVi{a^h^hfjZ^ckZhi^\VbdhhZaaVbVXVi{a^h^h]dbd\‚cZV#:hidZh!fjZiVcid
adhgZVXi^kdhXdbdZaXViVa^oVYdghZZcXjZcigVcZcaVb^hbV[VhZ!]VW^ijVabZciZa†fj^YV#
:aegdWaZbVXdcZaadZhfjZgZhjaiVY^[†X^agZXjeZgVgZaXViVa^oVYdg#JcVYZaVhbZiVhfjZ
cdh]ZbdhbVgXVYdZcZa>8B6ZhXdchZ\j^ggZXjeZgVgZaXViVa^oVYdgn!YZ]ZX]d!]Zbdh
ad\gVYdgZji^a^oVgad!ZcVa\jcVhdXVh^dcZh!]VhiV)kZXZh!h^ceZgYZgVXi^k^YVY!Va\dfjZ
cdZh[{X^aYZad\gVg#
AV bVndg†V YZ adh XViVa^oVYdgZh hZ WVhVc Zc bZiVaZh egZX^dhdh/ gdY^d! ^g^Y^d! gjiZc^d!
dhb^d###:agdY^d!edgZ_Zbead!Zhb{hXVgdfjZZaeaVi^cd#6]dgVW^Zc!adb{hXVgdcdZh
ZabZiVa!h^cdadfjZhZaaVbVZaa^\VcYdfj^gVa!aVeVgiZfj^gVafjZhZjcZVabZiVaeVgV
fjZiZc\VaVhegde^ZYVYZhfjZWjhXVbdh
;bWXehWZefeh0
?dij_jkjeZ[9_[dY_WZ[CWj[h_Wb[iZ[7hW]Œd?9C7
9edi[`eikf[h_ehZ[?dl[ij_]WY_ed[i9_[dj‡ÓYWi9I?9
I[Z[9WcfkiFbWpWIWd<hWdY_iYe
I[Z[9WcfkiH‡e;Xhe
;VXjaiVYYZ8^ZcX^Vh
EZYgd8ZgWjcV&'
*%%%.OVgV\doV
:Y^ÒX^dIdggZhFjZkZYd
BVg†VYZAjcV(
*%%&-OVgV\doV
IZa‚[dcd.,+,+&'(&
;Vm/.,+,+')*(
]iie/$$lll#jc^oVg#Zh$^XbV$
:aVWdgVYdedg/
:cXdaVWdgVX^‹cXdc/
;^cVcX^VYdedg/
MINISTERIO
DE EDUCACION
Y CIENCIA
&CN?PR?PR?KCLRMBC%GCLAG?
6CALMJMEk?W7LGTCPQGB?B
Descargar