biomateriales (isac).indd

Anuncio
Biomateriales
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La Bioingeniería:
Una Ciencia Interdisciplinar
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Los Biomateriales
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Un Ejemplo Multidisciplinar:
El desarrollo de Prótesis del Aparato Locomotor
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El Proceso: Diseño y Simulación
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Biomateriales con Memoria de Forma
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Dónde y cómo actúan los Biomateriales
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¿Qué hacemos en el ICMA?
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