Notes A – First Conditional/future time clauses The First Conditional ( If clause + Pres. Simple + Main Clause or Main clause +If clause ) is about the future and describes situations that are likely to happen. A – Write Zero or First Conditional sentences and fill in the correct gaps with IF or WHEN. ____ she _______(get up) in the morning, she _______ (start) texting her friends. 1 You have to use a comma to separate the If clause from the main clause when the if- 2 ____ people live to be 100 in the UK, they ______(receive) a letter from the queen. 3 _____ the girl ___________(not get) better, I ____ (have to) call the doctor. 4 You_______ (have to) buy a car ___ you _____ (make) the decision to give private classes. clause comes first, as in If she arrives in time, we’ll go to the cinema’. In future time clauses, the present simple is used in phrases beginning with before, as soon as, after, until, unless and when and the main clause comes in the future simple. As soon as he gets home, I’ll call you. B -The Zero Conditional The Zero conditional is about something that is always true . Both verbs (If clause + Main Clause) are in the Present Simple, as in If he’s not at home by six, I call the school. You can use When/If in the zero conditional _____ I ____________(not tell) Josh the truth, he __________(not know) he’s dating a shoplifter. 5 In case means ‘because it’s possible that...’. It’s related to precaution, as in I wear two watches, in case one of them stops. Unless means except if/if not, as in ‘I won’t go to the party unless you come ____ you _______(stay) indoors all the time, you _________(not become) healthier. 6 Ice ________ (melt) easily ____ you ________(leave) it near the cooker. 7 and pick me up . I won’t go to the party if you don’t come and pick me up. She’ll have to move house unless she gets that job she’s applied for (= She’ll have to move house if she doesn’t get the job she’s applied for). We can use modals in the main clause of ____________ (you – can- give) this letter to Susan ____ you _______(meet) her before lunch time, please? 8 9 _______ it rains, I _________(put on) a raincoat and I ________(take) an umbrella with me. conditionals, as in If you want your kids to be independent, you shouldn’t protect them so much.’ Imperatives can be used in the main clause of the zero conditional, as in If you come home late, don’t make any noise, please. _______ you ____________ (not water) the garden every day, the flowers ___________ (not bloom). 10 B – Use IF or IN CASE to complete these sentences: 1. You should always have home insurance _________ anything bad happens. 2. __________ you start helping me tidy up the house, I may help you with your review. 3. I avoid using unnecessary features in my mobile phone ________ the battery gets discharged. 4. You should spend time with your kids ______ you really love them. 5. You don’t have to keep the present ______ you don’t like it. 6. We must always read the instructions before we start ______ we don’t want to have problems. 7. I always take an umbrella ________ it rains. I’ll open the umbrella _________ it rains. 8. She’ll buy some chicken this morning __________ her sister stays to lunch. 9. ______ Josh comes, I’ll buy a bottle of wine. C -The sentences below are about the future. Fill in the gaps with these words/expressions as soon as, when, before, after, until, unless, as in the model: You must buy some souvenirs before you leave London 1 The fridge is empty! You must do the shopping ___________ you start cooking dinner. 2 Your children won’t learn to be independent __________ you let them go out on their own. 3 She’ll call us to give us her address _______________she finds a flat to rent. 4 You should put on your winter coat ______________ you go out. It’s freezing outside! 5 ___________ we make a decision, we’ll let them know about our wedding date. 6 Their friends will visit them __________ they come to Oxford. 7 He’ll go out to visit his friends __________ he finishes reading his new book 8 They won’t finish the meeting ______ Roger says he decided not to leave the company. 9 He’ll see you _________ 6:00 p.m. He’ll arrive here at about 5:55. 10 I’ll stay here ___________ he arrives. I have nothing else to do. 11 I won’t be able to pay you __________ I get a new job soon. 12 Don’t forget to wash your hands _________ you eat your lunch! KEY A – Write Zero or First Conditional sentences and fill in the correct gaps with IF or WHEN. 1 WHEN she GETS UP (get up) in the morning, she STARTS (start) texting her friends. 2 IF people live to be 100 in the UK, they RECEIVE (receive) a letter from 3 IF the girl DOESN’T GET (not get) better, I ‘LL HAVE TO 4 You’LL HAVE TO (have to) buy a car IF 5 IF I DON’T TELL (not tell) Josh the truth, the queen. (have to) call the doctor. you MAKE (make) the decision to give private classes. he WON’T KNOW (not know) he’s dating a shoplifter. 6 IF/WHEN you STAY (stay) indoors all the time, you 7 DON’T BECOME (not become) healthier. Ice MELTS (melt) easily IF you LEAVE (leave) it near the cooker. 8 CAN YOU (you- can -give) this letter to Susan IF you MEET (meet) her before lunch time, please? WHEN /IF it rains, I PUT ON (put on) a raincoat and 9 I TAKE (take) an umbrella with me. WHEN/IF you DON’T WATER (not water) the garden every day, the flowers DON’T BLOOM. 10 (not bloom). B – Use IF or IN CASE to complete these sentences: 1 You should always have home insurance IN CASE anything bad happens. 2 IF you start helping me tidy up the house, I may help you with your review. 3 I avoid using unnecessary features in my mobile phone IN CASE the battery gets discharged. 4 You should spend time with your kids IF you really love them. 5 You don’t have to keep the present IF you don’t like it. 6 We must always read the instructions before we start IF we don’t want to have problems. 7 I always take an umbrella IN CASE it rains. 8 I’ll open the umbrella IF it rains. 9 She’ll buy some chicken this morning IN CASE her sister stays to lunch. 10 IF Josh comes, I’ll buy a bottle of wine. C -The sentences below are about the future. Fill in the gaps with these words/expressions as soon as, when, before, after, until, unless, as in the model: 1 The fridge is empty! You must do the shopping BEFORE you start cooking dinner. 2 Your children won’t learn to be independent UNLESS you let them go out on their own. 3 She’ll call us to give us her address AFTER she finds a flat to rent. 4 You should put on your winter coat BEFORE you go out. It’s freezing outside! 5 WHEN we make a decision, we’ll let them know about our wedding date. 6 Their friends will visit them WHEN they come to Oxford. 7 He’ll go out to visit his friends AS SOON AS/WHEN he finishes reading his new book 8 They won’t finish the meeting UNTIL Roger says he decided not to leave the company. 9 He’ll see you AFTER 6:00 p.m. He’ll arrive here at about 5:55. 10 I’ll stay here UNTIL he arrives. I have nothing else to do. 11 I won’t be able to pay you UNLESS I get a new job soon. 12 Don’t forget to wash your hands BEFORE you eat your lunch!