Diapositiva 1

PROF. LOURDES LÓPEZ NIETO
Madrid-Tudela , 31 de octubre 2012
HERRAMIENTAS PARA EL ANALISIS DE
LAS ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES EEUU
1) NOTAS INTRODUCTORIAS (Día 31)
Objeto: sistema político EEUU: singularidades
Fuentes : priorizar oficiales pero pluralismo
2) PARTIDOS : reclutamiento de candidatos
3) REGLAS Y NORMAS ELECTORALES
4) PROCESO ELECTORAL
5) PROPUESTAS DE REFORMA
6) COMPORTAMIENTO Y RESULTADOS (Día 14)
RESUMEN HISTORICO
ENCUESTAS
RESULTADOS
¿Qué se puede comparar ?
Partidos y reclutamiento de candidatos
Vida partidista impregnada de valores de la cultura de EEUU:
•Libertad
•Patriotismo
•Religiosidad
•Transparencia
•Espontaneidad
•Activismo
Organización descentralizada, flexible y plural
50 partidos democratas y 50 republicanos
Reclutamiento por primarias y otras fórmulas (caucus)
Convenciones
SISTEMA ELECTORAL
• Constitución y normas estatales
• Voto
– Inscripción
– Voto por “ausencia”
• Distrito
• Fórmula
• Elección presidente: Colegio electoral, fecha
REPUBLICAN ELECTION INSPECTOR APPLICATION
(JULY 15.2008 TO JULY 14, 2009TERM)
*NA~IE ___________________________________________
1 (picase prinr (ir tyl'i') lusl fin! middle sulfi.\' (Jr.. Sr.) *date ofbirrll
*HOME ADDRESS _________________________
¡'ouse# srree! apt#
eiry zip code ;11 care o{IP.o. Box PHONE NUMBER day: ( __) ___ _ ___ niglzt: ( __) ___ -___-____ oreo ('ode exl. areo code
eXI.
1, W ould you prefer lo atlend a lraining session in lhe: (please 'I!) ALL INSPECTORS ARE EXPECTED TO ATTEND TRAINING mormng
afternoon evening _____ YES NO
2, Do you read, speak and write English well? 3, Do you read and speak Spanish f1uently? 4, Do you read and speak Chinese f1uently?
Mandarin? Cantonese? 5, Do you read and speak Korean Huently? .... , .., ......... , .................................. ,
6. Are you aware of the fact you are agreeing to work both the Primary & the General Election? 7, Do you hold an elected offíce paid for
out ofpublic money'? .................................................. . Ir so, state the office in which employed on the ¡ine below.
8. Are you a candidate 1'or any public office or pany position lo be COnlested al an upcoming eleetion in the distriet in which you are
applying for service?
9. Have you evcr been convícted 01' a felony? ....................... Ir so, state the circumstances in fulI in the space below. (The date, nature 01'
the offence, na me and location of the court, disposition of the case incJuding term ol' sentence and the nature of the offense.)
10, Do you agree lO promptly take and subscribe to the oath oí' office as an c1ection inspector, jf you are appointed
and notified thereof?
1 SWEAR (OR AFFIRM) TRAT TRE ANSWERS TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS ARE TRUE.
*Signature of Applicant *Date__ /__/__
NOTE: Any election inspector removed from officefor cause shallfOlfeit the compensation earned up to the time ofsuch
PROCESO ELECTORAL: administración,
campaña, financiación
Cada Estado regula las cuestiones básicas de las fases del
proceso electoral: administración y campaña
ADMINISTRACIÓN ELECTORAL : privada y pública
subsidiariamente (ie, uso de lugares privados para votar)
Activismo Partidista, Individual y Asociativo (ie, centros para
llamar con móviles privados; organizar inscripción y votación)
POCAS RESTRICCIONES TEMPORALES Y TERRITORIALES : se
puede hacer campaña el día de las elecciones a pocos metros
del colegio, no dentro)
Debates, mítines, puerta a puerta, centro de llamadas e
internet
Publicidad privada
Financiación plural; privada y pública (Ie: incentivos para las
peticiones de financiación por internet)
Colegio electoral
U.S. Electoral College Home
2012 Presidential Election
What is the Electoral College?
Historical Election Results
For State Officials
Frequently Asked Questions
U.S. Election & Voting Resources
Fechas clave de la elección a presidente 2012
2012 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Summary of Key Dates, Events and Information
General Authority:
The Archivist of the United States, as the head of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), is responsible for carrying
out ministerial duties on behalf of the States and the Congress under 3 U.S.C. sections 6, 11, 12, and 13. NARA is primarily responsible
for coordinating the various stages of the electoral process by helping the States prepare and submit certificates that establish the
appointment of electors and validate the electoral votes of each State. The Archivist delegates operational duties to the Director of the
Federal Register. The Federal Register Legal Staff ensures that electoral documents are transmitted to Congress, made available to the
public, and preserved as part of our nation’s history. The Legal Staff reviews the electoral certificates for the required signatures, seals
and other matters of form, as specified in Federal law. Only the Congress and the Courts have the authority to rule on substantive legal
issues.
1. June through October 2012
Preparation Stage:
• The Federal Register prepares letters and instructional
materials for the Archivist to send to the Governors of the 50 States and the Mayor of the District of Columbia. The materials include
pamphlets on Federal election law and detailed instructions on how to prepare and submit the electors’ credentials (Certificates of
Ascertainment) and the electoral votes (Certificates of Vote).
• In October, the Federal Register begins contacting
Governors and Secretaries of State to establish contacts for the coming election.
2. November 6, 2012
General Election:
• The voters in each State choose slates of electors to serve in the Electoral College. Forty-eight of the fifty States and the District of
Columbia are “winner-take all” (Maine and Nebraska are the exceptions).
3. Mid-November through December 17, 2012
Transmission of Certificates of Ascertainment to NARA:
The Certificates of Ascertainment list the names of the electors appointed and the number of votes cast for each person.
• The States prepares no less than SEVEN originals, which are authenticated by the Governor’s signature and the State seal, and TWO
certified copies. Alternatively, NINE originals may be prepared.
One original along with two certified copies (or three originals, if nine were prepared) must be sent by registered mail to the Archivist at
the address below: David S. Ferriero Archivist of the United States
National Archives and Records Administration c/o Office of the Federal Register (NF) 8601 Adelphi Road College Park, MD 20740-6001
The Governors must submit the Certificates of Ascertainment “as soon as practicable” after their States certify election results.
• The remaining SIX original Certificates of Ascertainment will be attached to the Certificates of Vote at the State meetings.
4. December 11, 2012
Date for Determination of Controversy as to Appointment of Electors:
• States must make final determinations of any controversies or contests as to the appointment of electors at least six days before the
December 17 meetings of electors for their electoral votes to be presumptively valid when presented to Congress. Determinations by
States’ lawful tribunals are conclusive, if decided under laws enacted prior to election day.
the links below for answers to these frequently asked questions or e-mail the Office of the Federal Register a question.
Why do we have the Electoral College?
What proposals have been made to change the Electoral College system?
How does the Electoral College process work in my state?
What are the responsibilities of the Electors in the Electoral College process?
What are the qualifications to be an Elector?
Who selects the Electors?
Must Electors vote for the candidate who won their state’s popular vote?
May I attend the meeting of my State’s Electors to watch them vote?
Is there an online source listing the names and voting records of presidential electors for all previous presidential
elections back to 1789?
Who verifies if a candidate is qualified to run for President?
What happens if the President-elect fails to qualify before inauguration?
What happens if a candidate dies or becomes incapacitated?
How is it possible for the electoral vote to produce a different result than the nation-wide popular vote?
What is the difference between the winner-takes-all rule and proportional voting, and which states follow which rule?
What happens if no presidential candidate gets 270 Electoral votes?
What would happen if two candidates tied in a state’s popular vote, or if there was a dispute as to the winner?
What impact does a candidate’s concession speech have on the Electoral College process?
How many times has the Vice President been chosen by the U.S. Senate?
What are the responsibilities of Congress in the Electoral College process?
Can electoral votes be contested when Congress counts the votes in January?
What role does the Office of the Federal Register play in Electoral College process?
How does the Office of the Federal Register preserve the Certificates?
I am serving overseas in the U.S. military. How do I cast my vote in this year’s Presidential election?
Can citizens of U.S. Territories vote for President?
I believe there might be voter registration fraud happening in my area. Where should I report my concerns?
References
State
Obama /
Biden
McCain /
Palin
Baldwin
/
Castle*
Barr /
Root
Keyes /
Rohrbo
ugh**
McKinney
/
Clemente
Nader /
Gonzalez
Total
Votes
Others
AL
813479
1266546
4310
4991
-
-
6788
3705
2099819
AK
123594
193841
1660
1589
-
-
3783
1730
326197
AZ
1034707
1230111
1371
12555
-
3406
11301
24
2293475
AR
422310
638017
4023
4776
-
3470
12882
1139
1086617
CA
8274473
5011781
3145
67582
40763
38774
10883
17094
13464495
CO
1288576
1073589
6233
10897
3051
2822
13350
2843
2401361
CT
997763
629428
311
-
-
90
19162
29
1646783
DE
255459
152374
626
1109
-
385
2401
58
412412
DC
245800
17367
-
-
-
590
958
1138
265853
FL
4282074
4045624
7915
17218
2550
2887
28124
4352
8390744
WV
303857
397466
2465
-
-
2355
7219
89
713451
WI
1677211
1262393
5072
8858
-
4216
17605
1001
2976356
WY
82868
164958
1192
1594
-
-
2525
-
253137
69297997
59597520
361226
523253
47700
159889
590101
455113
131032799
Totals
Reformas electorales
• Reglas de juego electoral y consenso para
salvaguardar su legitimidad
• Ventajas
• Inconvenientes
• Ejemplos:
– Inscripción pública
– Elección directa
– Reducir financiación