una estética -del gusto- en baltasar gracián - Inicio

http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
81$(67e7,&$'(/*8672(1%$/7$6$5*5$&,È1
-RVp$QWRQLR$UYL]X9DOHQFLD
8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH4XHUpWDUR
/DV VLJXLHQWHV LGHDV TXHUHPRV SRQHUODV D VX FRQVLGHUDFLyQ GHVGH XQ QHFHVDULR FDPELR GH
SHUVSHFWLYD SDUD VX FRPSUHQVLyQ HV HOHPHQWDO SHUR GHFLVLYR \ SDUD QRVRWURV UHSUHVHQWD OD
H[LJHQFLDGHXQDUHFRQVLGHUDFLyQVHWUDWDGHDVXPLUHOPRPHQWRKLVWyULFRHQORVLQLFLRVGHOVLJOR
;9,,FXDQGRRSHUDEDXQDUHVWLWXFLyQHVWpWLFDODGHOJXVWRSRUSDUWHGHXQSHQVDGRUHVSDxROHO
MHVXLWD%DOWDVDU*UDFLiQTXHDOSRFRWLHPSRGHVXPXHUWHDFDHFLGDHQVHFRQYHUWLUtDHQXQ
EODQFRGHREMHFLRQHVSRUSDUWHGHXQDQXHYDJHQHUDFLyQFRQXQDVXHUWHGHPDOLQFKLVPRHVSDxRO
TXHSUHIHULUiGDUFDELGDDSURSXHVWDVVHFXQGDULDVUHVSHFWRGHOFRQFHSWRGHJXVWRHQODVWHVLVGHO
LWDOLDQR/XGRYLFR$QWRQLR0XUDWRUL\VXWH[WRGHFʊ
5HIOH[LRQHVVREUHHOEXHQJusto”.
'H HVH JXVWR DO TXH WRGRV DOJXQD YH] KDEUHPRV DSHODGR FXDQGR HO HPSDFKR GH XQD
LQWHUURJDFLyQVREUHHODUWHSURSHQGHDVRERUQDUQXHVWURVFULWHULRVGHHVHDOTXHDILQGHFXHQWDV
DFXGLPRV SDUD DUELWUDU HVWpWLFDPHQWH GHMDQGR VLHPSUH HQ RWURV HO PDOR \ VRVSHFKRVDPHQWH HQ
QRVRWURV HO EXHQ JXVWR %LHQ SXHV GH HVH QR KDEODUHPRV DKRUD QR QRV SDUHFH UDGLFDO QR
UHVSRQGHFRQFHxLGDKRQHVWLGDGDOSDUHFHUSHUVRQDOHVHHQHOIRQGRQRVDEHPiVELHQSUHVXPH
(QFDPELRDTXHOTXHGHVHFKDURQGH*UDFLiQLQFOXVLYHORVPD\RUHVGLOHWDQWHVDFWXDOHVGHO
DXWRU HV HO TXHUHPRV KR\ SRQHU GH UHOLHYH FRQVLVWH HQ HO JXVWR JDVWURQyPLFR TXH UHVXOWDUtD
KDUWRIRU]DGRYLQGLFDUORVLQRIXHUDSRUODPX\SURIXVDFDQWLGDGGHUHIHUHQFLDVH[SOtFLWDVHQVXV
WH[WRV WDQWRSDUDSURPRYHUOR FRPR SDUDFULWLFDUOR HO FDVRHVTXHHQ *UDFLiQORV DVXQWRVGHOD
FRPHQVDOtDSXHGHQELHQOOHYDUQRVDXQDMXVWHGHFXHQWDVFRQODFXOWXUDTXHORGHVHVWLPy
<DGHVGHVXSULPHUOLEURʊ
(O+pURH”IHFKDGRHOPLVPRDxRTXHHOʊ
'LVFXUVRGHO0pWRGR”
DGHODQWDVHQWHQFLDVGHOJXVWRGHVGHODPLVPD'HGLFDWRULDʊ
SDUDFX\RJXVWRFRPSLWLHURQOD
QDWXUDOH]DDSURGLJLRV\HODUWHDPLODJUos” HQXQDELSRODULGDGUHFXUVLYDHQHODXWRUHQWUHPXQGR
QDWXUDOHLQGXVWULDKXPDQDTXH\DGHHQWUDGDHQODFRFLQDVHVLQWHWL]DQ
*UDFLiQ OODPD D ORV DSDUWDGRV GH HVWH OLEUR QR FDStWXORV VLQR SULPRUHV \ HQ HO WHUFHUR
FRPLHQ]DXQHVFDPRWHRDORVUDFLRFLQLRVGHVHQFDUQDGRVDIDYRUGHXQSDODGDUʊ
(VHOMXLFLRWURQR
GH OD SUXGHQFLD HV HO LQJHQLR HVIHUD GH OD DJXGH]D FX\D HPLQHQFLD \ FX\D PHGLDQtD GHED
SUHIHULUVHHVSOHLWRDQWHHOWULEXQDOGHOJXVWR”
1yWHVH TXH SUHILHUH DO LQJHQLR PiV TXH DO MXLFLR SRU OD IOH[LELOLGDG GH DTXpO \ HO
GLVWDQFLDPLHQWR GH pVWH GH IRUPD TXH PX\ SURQWR HQ HO SULPRU TXLQWR \D WHQGUtDPRV OD PiV
IUDQFDDSUR[LPDFLyQDOFDUiFWHUPDQGXFDWRULRGHOHVHJXVWRVLQH[FXVDGHHUUiWLFDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
HOPLVPRWtWXOR*XVWRUHOHYDQWHORLQGLFDʊ
+D\FXOWXUDGHJXVWRDVtFRPRGHLQJHQLR(QWUDPERV
UHOHYDQWHVVRQKHUPDQRVGHXQYLHQWUH”TXLHQHQHVWRFUHDDGYHUWLUQRPiVTXHXQDPHWiIRUD Vt
TXH WHQGUi TXH UHVROYHUVH D UHVLVWLU SRU PXFKDV OtQHDV PiV \ OLEURV QR PHQRV HO WRUUHQWH GH
LQGLFDFLRQHVFXOLQDULDVVLQYHMDPHQʊ
7LHQHQPXFKRVSRUIHOLFLGDGGHSUHVWDGRVHUiJR]DUGHOR
7DQWRVVXELHURQ
TXHDSHWHFHQ”ʊ
(VFDOLGDGXQJXVWRFUtWLFRXQSDODGDUGLItFLOGHVDWLVIDFHUVH”ʊ
GHO FXFKLOOR D OD FRURQD FRPR EDMDURQ GH OD FRURQD DO FXFKLOOR &yPHQVH PHMRU ORV EXHQRV
ERFDGRVGHODVXHUWHFRQHODJULGXOFHGHXQD]DU”ʊ
3RUUREDGRUGHOJXVWROHOODPDURQJDUDEDWR
$JUDYLR VH OH KDFH HQ FRQIXQGLUOH FRQ OD IDFLOLGDG 6LQ pO OD PD\RU SHUIHFFLyQ HV
3ULPRU,;
Memoria XVIII2005 Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano / Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
GHVDEULGD” ʊ
/D PD\RU SHUIHFFLyQ SLHUGH SRU FRWLGLDQD \ ORV KDUWD]JRV GH HOOD HQIDGDQ OD
HVWLPDFLyQHPSDODJDQHODSUHFLR”
3HURGHWHQJDPRVODUHWDKtODQRVHWUDWDGHSRQHUHOʊ
EXVFDdor” \ʊ
SHJDU”ODVFLWDVTXHQRV
SHUPLWDQJDQDUFRQYHQLHQWHPHQWHHODUJXPHQWRGHQXHVWUDFRDUWDGD¢HVTXHDFDVRKD\PiVDOOi
GH HVWH SULPHU H[DEUXSWR XQ VHJXLPLHQWR DOJXQD UHIOH[LyQ R HO WUDVXQWR GH XQD HVWpWLFD PiV
FODUDPHQWH"
7UDWHPRVQRGHSUHWHQGHUDEDUFDUODREUDFRPSOHWDVtGHWRPDUORVWH[WRVFODYHGHVXREUD
GH YLGD HQWRQFHV D XQD GpFDGD GH ʊ
(O +pURH” DSDUHFH WDPELpQ FRQ SVHXGyQLPR /RUHQ]R
*UDFLiQQRPEUHGHVXKHUPDQRRWURWtWXORʊ
(O'LVFUHto” GHOFXDODILUPD(PLOLR%ODQFR*yPH]
GHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD&RUXxDʊ
HOSURWDJRQLVWD\DQRHVXQHQWHGHH[FHSFLyQFRPRVXFHGtDHQ
OD SULPHUD GH VXV REUDV $KRUD VH WUDWD GH XQ FDEDOOHUR FRPSOHWR LQWHOLJHQWH FRQ EXHQRV
PRGDOHV XQ SUXGHQWH KRPEUH GH PXQGR HQ suma.” 6LQ HPEDUJR QR GLVWUDLJD HVWR FRPR
LQVLQXDFLyQ GHO UHIHUHQWH FRQFUHWR TXH DKRUD QRV RFXSDUtD SXHV HV GH QRWDU TXH *UDFLiQ HV
LQFLVLYRHQGHVPDUFDUVHGHWLSRFRUWHVDQRWDQWRGHOGH&DVWLJOLRQHFRPRGHOPiVYLJHQWHHQVXV
GtDVHO*DODWHRGH'HOOD&DVD
(Q OD GHGLFDWRULD GH ʊ
(O 'LVFUHto” \D VH DQXQFLD FRPR HQ OD FDUWD GH XQ UHVWDXUDQWH HO
EULQGLVTXHVLJXH ʊ
0HUH]FDOHFWRUGLVFUHWRRSRUTXHORHUHVRSDUDTXHORVHDVWHQHUYH]HVWH
$UWHGH(QWHQGLGRVHVWRVDIRULVPRVGHSUXGHQFLDHQWXJXVWR\WXSURYHFho”'HQXHYRODMHUJD
QR GHMD GH VHU FXOLQDULD D UHVHUYD GH SUREDUVH VHD DUJXPHQWDWLYD UHILUDPRV ʊ
OD PLVPD
HVSHFLRVLGDGGHO JHQLR KDFHPiVFHQVXUDEOHODIDOWDGHO LQJHnio”, ʊ
6HDSXHVHO JHQLR VLQJXODU
SHRUQRDQyPDORVD]RQDGRQRSDUDGRMRVD]yQGHOWHPSHUDPHQWRQLVHSXHGHH[DJHUDUVX
EXHQ GHOHFWR ”ʊ
SHTXHxD ERFD FRQ ODELRV GH YDVR DWHVRUDGRU TXH QR SHUPLWHQ VDOLU IXHUD HO
PHQRU LQGLFLR GHO UHFRQFHQWUDGR VHQWLPLHQWR SRU TXH QR GHVFXEUD FRUWHGDGHV GHO FDXGDO FDSD]HVWyPDJRKHFKRDJUDQGHVERFDGRV\WUDJRVGHODIRUWXQDGHWDQJUDQGHEXFKHTXHWRGROR
GLJLHUH”
(OSUREOHPDHVWpWLFRTXHVHSXHGHDGYHUWLUFRQVHPHMDQWHVFLWDVHVTXHSURQWRXQRVHVLHQWH
XELFDGR HQ XQD HVWLOtVWLFD PX\ UHFRQRFLEOH OD GHO EDUURFR DO TXH HIHFWLYDPHQWH SHUWHQHFH
*UDFLiQVLKDFHPRVDFDWDPLHQWRGHORVFOLFKpVGHOKLVWRULDGRUGHODUWHSHURUHSDUHPRVHQTXHQL
H[LVWHXQVRORHLQHTXtYRFREDUURFR\TXHSRUVLIXHUDSRFRGHHVHWySLFRVHKDGHWUDWDUFXDQGR
QRV TXHUDPRV OD DPpULFD KLVSiQLFD GHQWUR GHO EDQTXHWH GH OD FXOWXUD GH RFFLGHQWH HV HVWR
SUHFLVDPHQWH OR TXH DWDxH D QXHVWUR EDUURFR SHUPtWDVHPH FLWDU DO UHVSHFWR XQ PH[LFDQtVLPR
DSXQWHGHOFXEDQR$OHMR&DUSHQWLHUWRPDGRGHVX&RQFLHUWR%DUURFR
'HFRFLQDQRSRGtDKDEODUVH
DQWHODVDOEyQGLJDVSUHVHQWHV
ODPRQRWRQtDGHODVPHUOX]DV
HYRFDEDHOPH[LFDQR
ODVXWLOH]DGHORVSHFHVJXDFKLQDQJRV
\ODVSRPSDVGHOJXDMRORWHYHVWLGRGHVDOVDVREVFXUDV
FRQDURPDGHFKRFRODWH\FDORUHVGHPLOSLPLHQWDV
3ULPRU;,,,
3ULPRU;9,
'HOFXDOVHH[SUHVDFRQWDOHVFDXWHODVFRPRHQODSULPHUDSDUWHGHVXREUD~OWLPDʊ
(O*DODWHR&RUWHVDQRHQWHQGDPRVTXHVRPRVXQRVVDFRV
GHKHGLRQGH]&XDQGRQLxRVPRFRVFXDQGRYLHMRVIOHPDV\FXDQGRKRPEUHVSRVWHPDVHOFRUWHVDQRHVWDQGRFRQRWURVVHVDTXHODFHUDGHORV
RtGRVQR OD HVWp UHWRUFLHQGR FRQ ORV GHGRV FRPR TXLHQ KDFH ILGHRV TXH QRFRPD DGRV FDUULOORV TXH HV XQD JUDQGH IHDOGDG” (O &ULWLFyQ
&ULVL;,
(VWHSiUUDIRFRPR HStJUDIH VLUYLyGH HVSOpQGLGD HQWUDGD FXDQGR TXLVLPRV FRPSDUHFHU HQ LQYHVWLJDFLyQ FRQMXQWD GH ODDUTXLWHFWD0D (OHQD
&RUWpVDQWHHO&RQJUHVRGH3DWULPRQLRWXUtVWLFR\JDVWURQyPLFRGH3XHEOD2FWXEUHGHFRQXQDSRQHQFLDWLWXODGDʊ
HOEDUURFR\HOPROH”.
6HWUDWDDQWHWRGRGHXQDSUHRFXSDFLyQSURYHQLHQWHGHODVGLVFXVLRQHVILORVyILFDVHQWRUQRDOHVWDWXWRGHODVDUWHV\HQSDUWLFXODUDOGHXQDHVWpWLFD
Memoria XVIII2005 Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano / Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
<DXQTXH*UDFLiQWDQJHQFLDOPHQWHVHDGXFHSDUDH[SOLFDUQRVQXHVWUDSHUFHSWLYDSRQGpUHVH
TXH XQR \ PXFKRV SDVDMHV GH VX HVFULWXUD SDUHFHQ JDQDU QXHYD IDPD R FDUiFWHU SURIpWLFR
ʊ
&HUUDED OD VD]yQ SRU UHWDJXDUGLD (O JUDQGH $XJXVWR FRURQy VX YRWR \ VXV DFLHUWRV FRQ HO
IHVWLQDOHQWH/DGHWHQFLyQVD]RQDORVDFLHUWRV\PDGXUDORVVHFUHWRV(VOD(VSHUDIUXWDGH
JUDQGHV FRUD]RQHV \ PX\ IHFXQGD GH DFLHrtos” KR\ FXDVL OHPD GHO PRYLPLHQWR GH HVWpWLFD
JDVWURQyPLFDOODPDGR6ORZ)RRG
(V PHQHVWHU EXVFDU HQ ʊ
(O 'LVFUHto” XQ SODQ XQ WUD]DGR VLTXLHUD GH OR TXH D WtWXOR GH
HVWpWLFD FXOLQDULD VH SXGLHUD DOHJDU HYLWDQGR FRPR HQ HO FDVR DQWHULRU OD H[SOtFLWD DOHJRUtD \
HQFRQWUDQGR OD PDQLILHVWD GHFODUDFLyQ GH SULQFLSLRV FUHHPRV TXH HVD VH KDOOD HQ HO FDStWXOR
WLWXODGR+RPEUHGHSODXVLEOHVQRWLFLDVDOTXHVXEWLWXODHOSURSLRDXWRU5D]RQDPLHQWRDFDGpPLFR
\HQHOTXHVHOHH
ʊOD GLVFUHFLyQ GXOFH VXVSHQVLyQ GH VX HORFXHQFLD XQD FLHUWD VDELGXUtD FRUWHVDQD XQD
FRQYHUVDEOHVDEURVDHUXGLFLyQQRORHQVHxDQORVOLEURVQLVHDSUHQGHHQODVHVFXHODVF~UVDVHHQORV
WHDWURVGHOEXHQJXVWR+iOODQVHXQRVKRPEUHVDSUHFLDGRUHVGHWRGRVD]RQDGRGLFKR(VWRVVRQORV
RUiFXORV GH OD FXULRVLGDG \ PDHVWURV GH HVWD FLHQFLD GHO EXHQ JXVWR OD WUDGLFLyQ SXQWXDO YD
HQWUHJDQGR HVWDV VDEURVtVLPDV QRWLFLDV D ORV YHQLGHURV HQWHQGLGRV GXOFtVLPD PXQLFLyQ WRGD SDUD
FRQTXLVWDU HO JXVWR VRQ ORV TXH WLHQHQ PiV VDO \ ORV PiV DSHWLWRVRV GLVIUXWD GH ODV VD]RQDGDV
GHOLFLDVGHODHUXGLFLyQTXHVLFRQKDPEUHVROLFLWDPRVORVOLEURVLQJHQLRVRV\GLVFUHWRVFRQIUXLFLyQVH
KDQGHORJUDUORVPLVPRVRUiFXORVGHORGLVFUHWRGHORMXLFLRVRVD]RQDGR\HQWHQGLGRDTXtJXVWRVD
SRU OR DJUDGDEOH GHO VDEHU SRU OR DSHWLWRVR GHO QRWDU 1R VHDV W~ GH DTXHOORV TXH EiUEDUDPHQWH VH
HQYLGLDQDVtPLVPRVHOJXVWRGHOVDEHUHOGLVFUHWRFRPRODJXVWRVDDEHMDYLHQHOLEDQGRHOQRWLFLRVR
QpFWDUTXHHQWUHVDFyGHORPiVIORULGRTXHHVORPiVJUDQDGR1RHVODDPEURVtDSDUDHOJXVWRGHOQHFLR
1RYLYHYLGDGHKRPEUHVLQRHOTXHVDEH/DQRWLFLRVDHUXGLFLyQHVXQGHOLFLRVREDQTXHWH GHORV
HQWHQGLGRV\GHVWtQDVHHVWHUHDOFHGHODPD\RUGLVFUHFLyQDOPHMRUJXVWR”
$TXtDXQTXHQRVHLQYRFDQRSRGUtDPRVHYLWDUWUDHUDFRODFLyQODLQVWDQFLDGH-HDQ*HUVRQ
PXHUWRHQDXWRUGHOLEURVVtGHORVSULPHURVHQOOHJDUDQXHVWUDVWLHUUDV \TXHDGHODQWDED
XQDIyUPXODKR\UHSHWLGDSRUYtDGHOFDUWHVLDQLVPRDFHUFDGHODVLGHDVFODUDV\GLVWLQWDVHQHVWH
&DQFLOOHU GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 3DUtV VH SURSRQH XQ FRQRFLPLHQWR FRPR LQWHOLJHQFLD FODUD \
VDEURVD
(O PRWLYR GH HVWH HQWUHPpV HVWULED HQ OD SHUWLQHQFLD HWLPROyJLFD \ PiV TXH JXDUGD OD
VDEURVXUDFRQODVDELGXUtDHOH[SHULPHQWRFRPRSUXHEDFLHQWtILFDFRQODFDWDFRPRSUREDGD\
VHJ~Q*UDFLiQODUD]yQFRQODVD]yQ
<HVTXHVyORSRUIDFLOLVPRGHLQHUFLDVHSRGUtDFDOLILFDUDQXHVWURDXWRUGHPHURVLEDULWDR
KHGRQLVWD pO PLVPR DGYLHUWH TXH QR VH WUDILFD FRQ XQ HSLFXUHtVPR PDO HQWHQGLGR VLQR GH XQD
UHKDELOLWDFLyQTXH\DRWURVKDEtDQHPSUHQGLGRMXVWDPHQWHORVEDQTXHWHDGRUHVGHODVVHVLRQHVGH
OD$FDGHPLD)ORUHQWLQD)LFLQRSULQFLSDOPHQWH\D~QDQWHVVXKRPHQDMHDGR/RUHQ]R9DOODDXWRU
GH XQ SURSRVLWLYR 'H 9ROXSWDWH DO TXH FRQWLQ~D FRQ HO PLVPR WtWXOR HO GLUHFWRU GH OD
$FDGHPLDQHRSODWyQLFDHODxRPLVPRGHODPXHUWHGH9DOOD\TXHVHSXHGHFRQIURQWDUHQ
GHOJXVWRLJXDOPHQWHSDODWLYRTXHDSUHFLDWLYRTXHSUHWHQGHHVWDEOHFHUODLPSRUWDQWHDSRUWDFLyQGHOSHQVDGRU%DOWDVDU*UDFLiQHQOD
FR\XQWXUDGHODHVWpWLFDGHOJXVWR\ODGHOEDUURFRTXHUHVXOWDUtDGHH[WUDRUGLQDULDXWLOLGDGSDUDODFRPSUHVLyQGHODFRQIHFFLyQ\GLVIUXWHGHOJXLVR
GHOPROHFRPRDVXQWRGHDELHUWDSROpPLFDHQWUHVXRULJHQSUHKLVSiQLFRVXWUDQVIRUPDFLyQFRORQLDO\VXDFWXDODSDULHQFLD.”
(O'LVFUHWR+RPEUHGHHVSHUD$OHJRUtD
&RQWUD YDQDP FXULRVLWDWHP LQ QHJRWLR ILGHL W FLWDGR SRU $ &20%(6 HQ /D WKpRORJLH P\VWLTXH GH *HUVRQ 5RPD 3DULV \
FRQILUPDGRSRU(YDQJHOLVWD9,/$129$HQ+LVWRULDGHODWHRORJtDFULVWLDQDW,+HUGHUVHFF7HRORJtD\ILORVRItDYRO%DUFHORQD
HGS
ʊ
&RQODHGDG\ODH[SHULHQFLDYLHQHDVD]RQDUVHGHOWRGRODUD]yQ”DIRULVPRʊ
&RQRFHUODVFRVDVHQVXSXQWRHQVXVD]yQ”DI2UiFXOR
PDQXDO\DUWHGHSUXGHQFLD
Memoria XVIII2005 Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano / Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
ODSDUWHGHODREUDPDHVWUDGH*UDFLiQʊ
(O&ULWicón”HQVX DSDUWDGR &ULVL ;, GHQRPLQDGR (O
JROIRFRUWHVDQROXHQJDUHIHUHQFLD\PRQXPHQWDOOLEURTXHKR\QRHVSRVLEOHFRPHQWDU
3XQWXDOLFHPRVPHMRUODSDUWHFUtWLFDGHOJXVWRHQODQRFLyQGHDQWRMRFRQODTXHQRVHKDGH
FRQIXQGLUSXHVpVWDUHSUHVHQWDHOGHVDWLQR\UHJRGHRVTXHHOJXVWRUHOHYDQWHQRGHWHQWDYHDPRV
ʊ
\ DKRUD JXVWR OR TXH GHVSXpV GHVDEULPLHQWR XQR \ RWUR VLQ SRUTXp (V WULYLDO DFKDTXH GH
VREHUDQRVORDQWRMDGL]RTXHFRPRWLHQHQWDQH[HQWRHOJXVWRGDHQYDJXHDU”
<DVtVHxDODQGRDORVTXHʊ
PDUWLUL]DQVXJusto” DSXQWDʊ
GHMDQHOJHQHURVRUH\GHORVOLFRUHV
SRU DQWRMDGL]DV DJXDV TXH UHSLWHQ D MDUDEHV \ HOORV ODV EDXWL]DQ SRU DPEURVtD QR KDOOD HQ
HVWDVFRVDVHOYHUGDGHURJXVWR\ODUHDOERQGDGTXHHOORVH[DJHUDQQROHVDSHWHFHHOJXVWRWDO
YH]GHVPLHQWHVXFDSULFKR+D\DOJXQRVTXHSDUHFHTXHOHVFDO]yODQDWXUDOH]DHOJXVWR\HO
LQJHQLRDOUHYpV”
(ODVXQWRDTXt HVTXHGHVGHXQD HVWpWLFDGHOD JDVWURQRPtDVHH[WUDYtD HO DSHWLWRSRUORV
FDPLQRV GHO KDUWD]JR ʊ
ORV PiV OOHYDGRV GH VX DQWRMR \ GH VX GHOHLWH QR FDPLQDEDQ
PXFKRTXHPiVVRQORVTXHPXHUHQGHDKtWRTXHGHKDPEUH”ʊ
KDFHILQGHOGHOHLWH\GHODYLGD
KDFHPHGLRSDUDHOJXVWRQRFRPH\DSDUDYLYLUVLQRTXHYLYHSDUDFRPHUGHVXHUWHTXHQR
JXVWDGHYLYLUVLQRTXHYLYHGHJXVWDU'HDTXtHVTXHWRGRVORVYLFLRVKDQKHFKRVXFDXGLOORDO
GHOHLWH pO HV PXOOLGRU GH ORV DSHWLWRV SUHFXUVRU GH ORV DQWRMRV (O PiV EDMR WHQtD ODV
SDUHGHV FRPLGDV TXH GHFtDQ HUDQ GH D]~FDU ODV SLHGUDV OD DUJDPDVD DPHUDGD FRQ H[TXLVLWRV
YLQRV\HO\HVRWDQFRFLGRTXHHUDXQEL]FRFKR0XFKRVJXVWDEDQGHHQWUDUHQpVWH\VHSUHFLDEDQ
GHVHUJHQWHGHEXHQJXVWo”
3RUWDQWRVXUJHODHQRMRVDVXSRVLFLyQGHTXHVyORFRPRELHQHOTXHPiVWLHQH\QRHOTXH
SURFXUDVXJXVWRHOLGyODWUDGHVXVSUHIHUHQFLDV\QRHOGHJXVWRGLOHFWRIUXJDO\VREULR
3HUR ERFD \ HO HVWyPDJR QR DFRVWXPEUDGR D JUDQGHV ERFDGRV GH OD IRUWXQD 1DFH OD
KD]DxHUtDGHXQDGHVYDQHFLGDSRTXHGDG \GHXQDDEDWLGDKLQFKD]yQTXHQRWRGRVORVULGtFXORV
DQGDQWHVVDOLHURQGHOD0DQFKDDQWHVHQWUDURQHQODGHVXGHVFUpGLWRFRQXQVRORJUDQRTXH
DYHFHVPiVVHUiSDMDYDQPiVDIDQDGRV\VDWLVIHFKRVTXHODVYDOLHQWHVStDVTXHWLUDQHOSODXVWUR
GH&HUHVHOFDUURGHOOXFLPLHQWR\HVPX\GHJDOOLQDVFDFDUHDUWRGRXQGtD\DOFDERSRQHUXQ
KXHvo”
(O WHPD QR HV GH SRFD PRQWD \D TXH DOFDQ]D VLJORV DGHODQWH OD SROpPLFD D 8QDPXQR
0HQpQGH] 3LGDO \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH D %RUJHV TXLHQ SDUD QXHVWUD VRUSUHVD DSXQWD ʊ
EDVWD UHYLVDU
XQRV SiUUDIRV GHO 4XLMRWH SDUD VHQWLU TXH &HUYDQWHV QR HUD HVWLOLVWD D OR PHQRV HQ OD SUHVHQWH
DFHSFLyQ DF~VWLFRGHFRUDWLYD GH OD SDODEUD \ TXH OH LQWHUHVDEDQ GHPDVLDGR ORV GHVWLQRV GH
4XLMRWH \ GH 6DQFKR SDUD GHMDUVH GLVWUDHU SRU VX SURSLD YR] /D $JXGH]D \ DUWH GH LQJHQLR GH
%DOWDVDU*UDFLiQ±WDQODXGDWLYDGHRWUDVSURVDVTXHQDUUDQFRPRODGHO*X]PiQGH$OIDUDFKH±QR
VHUHVXHOYHDDFRUGDUVHGH'RQ4XLMRWH”\DXQTXHHYLGHQWHPHQWHVHHTXLYRFD%RUJHVHQHVRGH
TXH *UDFLiQ QR VH DFXHUGH GHO 4XLMRWH HV GH QRWDU HO PyYLO TXH OtQHDV DWUiV pO PLVPR
HYLGHQFLDEDGLVFXOSDQGRODH[WHQVDSHURFUXFLDOGLVFXVLyQ
/D FRQGLFLyQ LQGLJHQWH GH QXHVWUDV OHWUDV VX LQFDSDFLGDG GH DWUDHU KDQ SURGXFLGR XQD
VXSHUVWLFLyQ GHO HVWLOR XQD GLVWUDtGD OHFWXUD GH DWHQFLRQHV SDUFLDOHV /RV TXH DGROHFHQ GH HVD
VXSHUVWLFLyQHQWLHQGHQSRUHVWLORQRODHILFDFLDRODLQHILFDFLDGHXQDSiJLQDVLQRODVKDELOLGDGHV
DSDUHQWHV GHO HVFULWRU VXV FRPSDUDFLRQHV VX DF~VWLFD ORV HSLVRGLRV GH VX SXQWXDFLyQ \ GH VX
VLQWD[LV 6RQ LQGLIHUHQWHV D OD SURSLD FRQYLFFLyQ R SURSLD HPRFLyQ EXVFDQ WHFQLTXHUtDV OD
SDODEUD HV GH 0LJXHO GH 8QDPXQR TXH OHV LQIRUPDUiQ VL OR HVFULWR WLHQH HO GHUHFKR R QR GH
(O'LVFUHWR1RVHDGHVLJXDO&ULVLV
,GHP&RQWUDODILJXUHUtD6DWLULFyQ
(O&ULWLFyQ&ULVL9\;UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
-RUJH/XLV%25*(6'LVFXVLyQ/DVXSHUVWLFLRVDpWLFDGHOOHFWRU
Memoria XVIII2005 Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano / Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
DJUDGDUOHV 2\HURQ TXH OD DGMHWLYDFLyQ QR GHEH VHU WULYLDO \ RSLQDUiQ TXH HVWi PDO HVFULWD XQD
SiJLQDVLQRKD\VRUSUHVDVHQODMXQWXUDGHDGMHWLYRVFRQVXVWDQWLYRVDXQTXHVXILQDOLGDGJHQHUDO
HVWpUHDOL]DGD2\HURQTXHODFRQFLVLyQHVXQDYLUWXG\WLHQHQSRUFRQFLVRDTXLHQVHGHPRUDHQ
GLH]IUDVHVEUHYHV\QRDTXLHQPDQHMHXQDODUJD(MHPSORVQRUPDWLYRVGHHVDFKDUODWDQHUtDGHOD
EUHYHGDG GH HVH IUHQHVt VHQWHQFLRVR SXHGHQ EXVFDUVH HQ OD GLFFLyQ GHO FpOHEUH HVWDGLVWD GDQpV
3RORQLRGH+DPOHWRGHO3RORQLRQDWXUDO%DOWDVDU*UDFLiQ2\HURQTXHODFHUFDQDUHSHWLFLyQGH
XQDV VtODEDV HV FDFRIyQLFD \ VLPXODUiQ TXH HQ SURVD OHV GXHOH DXQTXH HQ YHUVR OHV DJHQFLH XQ
JXVWRHVSHFLDOSLHQVRTXHVLPXODGRWDPELpQ
0iVLQWHUHVDQWHVHWRUQDWRGDYtDTXHGHQXHYR%RUJHVDGPLWHHQVXWH[WRODVREMHFLRQHVGHO
SRHWD \HQVD\LVWDVXSDLVDQRʊ
/HRSROGR/XJRQHVHQQXHVWURWLHPSRHPLWHXQMXLFLRH[SOtFLWR
ʊ
(OHVWLORHVODGHELOLGDGGH&HUYDQWHV\ORVHVWUDJRVFDXVDGRVSRUVXLQIOXHQFLDKDQVLGRJUDYHV
3REUH]D GH FRORU LQVHJXULGDG GH HVWUXFWXUD SiUUDIRV MDGHDQWHV TXH QXQFD DFLHUWDQ FRQ HO ILQDO
GHVHQYROYLpQGRVH HQ FRQYyOYXORV LQWHUPLQDEOHV UHSHWLFLRQHV IDOWD GH SURSRUFLyQ HVH IXH HO
OHJDGR GH ORV TXH QR YLHQGR VLQR HQ OD IRUPD OD VXSUHPD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH OD REUD LQPRUWDO VH
TXHGDURQ UR\HQGR OD FiVFDUD FX\DV UXJRFLGDGHV HVFRQGtDQ OD IRUWDOH]D \ HO VDbor” (O LPSHULR
MHVXtWLFRSiJLQD)”
6LVHDGYLHUWHDGHPiVTXHHQWRGRHVWRQRIDOWDQODVDOXVLRQHVGHJXVWR\VDERUHVSUHFLVRD
VXYH]H[WHQGHU\DQWHSRQHUHOWH[WRGH8QDPXQRʊ
/H\HQGRD%DOWDVDU*UDFián”GHFRQOD
SDUDGRMDTXHLQWHQWDDOFDOLILFDUDQXHVWURDXWRUGHʊ
DPDUJRMHVXLWDDUDJRQps”\DVHYHUDQGRʊ
HVVX
DPDUJXUDORTXHOHVGDVDERUDORVFRQFHSWRVGH*UDFLiQ”WDQEHOLJHUDQWHVLQRQRVFXDGUDPRVDO
LPSHULR GH OD OHQJXD FHUYDQWLQD FRPR OD LPSXJQDFLyQ HQ SRHVtD TXH HQ RWUR OXJDU %RUJHV
DFRPHWH
ʊ
/DEHULQWRVUHWUXpFDQRVHPEOHPDV
+HODGD\ODERULRVDQDGHUtD
)XHSDUDHVWHMHVXLWDODSRHVtD
5HGXFLGDSRUpODHVWUDWDJHPDs”
1DGDFDVXDOVHUiHQFRQWUDUHQRWURLGLRPDDOHFWRUHVPiVDIDEOHV\FRQJUDFLDGRVGHQXHVWUR
DXWRUHLQFOXVREXVFDUIXHUDGHODVOHQJXDVURPDQFHVODWLQDVHVSHFtILFDPHQWHHQWUHDOHPDQHVVX
UHVWLWXFLyQ ±DVXQWR SDUD RWUD SRQHQFLD6FKRSHQKDXHU WUDGXFWRU 1LHW]VFKH DGPLUDGRU
%HQMDPLQFLWDGRU\*DGDPHUDFUHGLWDGRUTXHVHLQWHUSHOD
3HURHQHOORYDQFRPSURPHWLGRSUiFWLFDPHQWHVyORXQWH[WRGH*UDFLiQSRUPXFKRWLHPSR
HO ~QLFR WUDGXFLGR DO DOHPiQ \ DO TXH VH UHIHULUiQ FRQ XQ DUULPR SURSLR GH VX WtWXOR 2UiFXOR
PDQXDO\DUWHGHSUXGHQFLDWH[WR GHDIRULVPRVFRQ HO FXDO TXLVLpUDPRV FHUUDU HVWH
HQYLWH
ʊ
*XVWR UHOHYDQWH &DEH FXOWXUD HQ pO DVVt FRPR HQ HO LQJHQLR 5HDOoD OD H[FHOHQFLD GHO
HQWHQGHUHODSHWLWRGHOGHVHDU\GHVSXpVODIUXLFLyQGHOSRVVHHU&RQyFHVHODDOWXUDGHXQFDXGDO
SRUODHOHYDFLyQGHODIHFWR0XFKRREMHFWRKDPHQHVWHUSDUDVDWLVID]HUVHXQDJUDQFDSDFLGDGDVVt
FRPR ORV JUDQGHV YRFDGRV VRQ SDUD JUDQGHV SDODGDUHV ODV PDWHULDV VXEOLPHV SDUD ORV VXEOLPHV
JHQLRV/RVPiVYDOLHQWHVREMHFWRVOHWHPHQ\ODVPiVVHJXUDVSHUIHFFLRQHVGHVFRQItDQVRQSRFDV
ODVGHSULPHUDPDJQLWXGVHDUDURHODSUHFLR3pJDQVHORVJXVWRVFRQHOWUDWR\VHKHUHGDQFRQOD
&IUSDUDXQPiVDPSOLRHVWXGLRHOGHOH[SHUWRHQ*UDFLiQ(PLOLR+,'$/*26(51$\VX(OSHQVDPLHQWRLQJHQLRVRHQ%DOWDVDU*UDFLiQHG
$QWKURSRVFRO$XWRUHVWH[WRV\WHPDV+XPDQLVPRQR%DUFHORQDHGHQDOHPiQ
5HFXpUGHVHSHMHQHODUUDQTXHGH9HUGDG\0pWRGRSXQDLQWHQVDSiJLQDVREUH*UDFLiQVREUHHOJXVWRFXOLQDULRʊ
*UDFLiQFRQVLGHUDHO
JXVWRFRPRXQDSULPHUDĴHVSLULWXDOL]DFLyQGHODDQLPDOLGDGµ\DSXQWDFRQUD]yQTXHODFXOWXUDQRVyORVHGHEHDOLQJHQLRVLQRWDPELpQDOJXVWR
+D\KRPEUHVFRQEXHQSDODGDUJRXUPHWVTXHFXOWLYDQHVWHJpQHURGHGLVIUXWH”(G6tJXHPHFRO+HUPHQHLDQRYRO6DODPDQFD±GHOD
HGHQDOHPiQGH
Memoria XVIII2005 Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano / Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
http://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/pnovohispano/
FRQWLQXLGDG JUDQ VXHUWH FRPXQLFDU FRQ TXLHQ OH WLHQH HQ VX SXQWR 3HUR QR VH KD GH KD]HU
SURIHVVLyQGHGHVDJUDGDUVHGHWRGRTXHHVXQRGHORVQHFLRVH[WUHPRV\PiVRGLRVRTXDQGRSRU
DIHFWDFLyQ TXH SRU GHVWHPSODQoD 4XLVLHUDQ DOJXQRV TXH FULDUD 'LRV RWUR PXQGR \ RWUDV
SHUIHFFLRQHVSDUDVDWLVIDFLyQGHVXH[WUDYDJDQWHIDQWDVtD.”
(VWRVXJLHUH*UDFLiQHQHODIRULVPRʊ
$OJXQRVORHVWLHQGHQDOVDEHUSHURQRVHYLYHVL
QRVHVDEH.”
< DVt VL KHPRV ORJUDGR QXHVWUR SURSyVLWR HV SUHFLVR HVFULEH HQ VX SHQ~OWLPR DIRULVPR
ʊ
FRJHUHODSHWLWRSLFDGR”\ʊ
GH[DUFRQKDPEUH”
$IRULVPR
Memoria XVIII2005 Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano / Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
http://www.iifl.unam.mx/pnovohispano/