00 Sistema tradicional de obra
Anuncio
Sistema Tradicional de Obra
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Implantación en el Terreno:
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Subcontratos iniciales:
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Permisos que hay que solicitar:
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Herramientas para realizar el Replanteo:
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Pasaje de un Nivel a otro:
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Movimientos de Tierra:
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'HVSXpVVHJ~QHOFDVRYDPRVDWHQHUTXHKDFHUXQDNivelación o no
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Decreto 89/95 de Seguridad:
$UWtFXOR → 3DUD WRGDV ODV H[FDYDFLRQHV PD\RUHV D P GH SURIXQGLGDG
LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH VL HV ]DQMD SR]R R DPSOLR HVSDFLR VH GHEH UHDOL]DU XQ 3ODQ GH
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$UWtFXOR → 'HVSXpV GH LQWHUUXPSLU ORV WUDEDMRV PiV GH XQ GtD GHEHPRV H[DPLQDU ODV
SDUHGHVGHODH[FDYDFLyQ7DPELpQGHEHKDFHUVHHQFDVRGHKDEHUKDELGRGHVSUHQGLPLHQWRV
VLVHKDQSURGXFLGRGDxRVHQHODSXQWDODPLHQWRVLOORYLyRVLHOVXHORHVKHWHURJpQHR
$UWtFXOR→7RGRSR]RGHEHWHQHUGRVYtDVGHVDOLGD
$UWtFXOR→'HEHPRVHYLWDUODSHUPDQHQFLDGHDJXDHQORV
SR]RVSDUDHOORGHEHQWHQHUXQUREDGRUFRQGRVERPEDV
(OUREDGRUHVXQDSHTXHxDGHSUHVLyQHQHOSR]R
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6DFRWLHUUDHQOD
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Problemas que molestan en excavaciones:
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6XEWHUUiQHDV
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9LEUDFLRQHV8QHMHPSORSXHGHVHUH[FDYDUFHUFDGHXQDYtDGHWUiQVLWRSHVDGR
6REUHFDUJDV8QHMHPSORSXHGHVHUQRUHVSHWDUODGLVWDQFLDSDUDGHSRVLWDUODWLHUUDH[WUDtGD
/DWLHUUDH[WUDtGDWDPELpQODGHEHPRVSRQHUHQWDOXGQDWXUDO
68(/26%/$1'266,1&2+(6,21
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Colocación de Marcos:
Marcos de Chapa doblada:
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Marcos de Madera:
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4XHWHQJD)HOSLOORVGH39&RGHODQDGHYLGULR(O)HOSLOORYDHQWUHODVKRMDVLQWHUPHGLDVR
WDPELpQVHSXHGHFROJDUHQORVH[WUHPRV(VSDUDHYLWDUTXHHOYLHQWRVHFXHOH
&DQWLGDG GH UXHGLWDV SRU KRMD \ PDWHULDO GH ODV UXHGLWDV 39& R DOXPLQLR GHSHQGH GH OD
YHQWDQD
&XLGDGRDOHVWLEDUODVDEHUWXUDVPLHQWUDVQRVHFRORFDQ
Colocación:
3RGHPRV XWLOL]DU SUHPDUFRV R QR 6L KD\ SUHPDUFRV FRORFDPRV OD DEHUWXUD UHPDFKDGD DO
SUHPDUFR6LQRVHXVDSUHPDUFRVHDPXUDHOPDUFR\OXHJRVHFRORFDQODVKRMDV
+D\RSFLRQHVVHFRORFDHOPDUFRFRQODVKRMDVSHURVLQORVYLGULRVRVHFRORFDWRGRFRQORV
YLGULRVHQHOVHJXQGRFDVRVHHYLWDODGHIRUPDFLyQ
3URFHGLPLHQWR
3URWHJHUODDEHUWXUDGHDOXPLQLRSRUTXHHODOXPLQLRVHPDUFDIiFLOPHQWHSRUHMHPSORKD\TXH
SURWHJHUOR GHO FHPHQWR FRPR VH YD D DPXUDU FRQ PRUWHUR GH DUHQD \ SRUWODQG KD\ TXH
SURWHJHUOR*HQHUDOPHQWHVHSXHGHSRQHUILOPFLQWDPDUUyQRQ\ORQHQORVODWHUDOHV(QODSDUWH
GHDEDMRVHSXHGHQKDFHUWUHVFRVDVSRQHUXQFDMyQGHPDGHUDOOHQDUFRQDUHQDRVHSXHGH
OOHQDUFRQEROVDVYDFtDVRGLDULRV
$PXUH&XDQGRHOKXHFR\DHVWiKHFKRVHFRORFDQUHJODVDFXxDGDVHQODKRMDVXSHULRUH
LQWHULRU \ VH ODV DWDQ D ODV DEHUWXUDV GH DOXPLQLR FRQ DOXPEUH +D\ TXH SURWHJHU ORV OXJDUHV
GRQGHDWR
5HJOD
&XxDV
$ODPEUHV
/XHJRGHSRVLFLRQDGDODDEHUWXUDKD\TXHYHULILFDUWUHVFRVDV
3ORPR
9HUWLFDOLGDGGHODDEHUWXUDHQFDGDQLYHOFRQSORPDGDGHWDFR+D\TXHYHULILFDUODHVFXDGUD
VHPLGHQODGLDJRQDOHVVLVRQLJXDOHVHOPDUFRHVWiHQHVFXDGUD
/tQHD
(Q GRQGH YD SRVLFLRQDGD OD DEHUWXUD FRQ UHVSHFWR DO HVSHVRU GHO PXUR D SORPR H[WHULRU D
SORPRLQWHULRURHQODPLWDGGHOPXUR
1LYHO
(V HO SRVLFLRQDPLHQWR GH OD YHQWDQD FRQ UHVSHFWR DO UHVWR GH ODV YHQWDQDV GHO HGLILFLR
3RVLFLRQDPLHQWR FRQ UHVSHFWR D OD IDFKDGD 3DUD QLYHODU ODV DEHUWXUDV HQ OD IDFKDGD VH WLUDQ
GRVDODPEUHVDWRGRHOODUJRFRQSHVRSDUDSRGHUQLYHODU\VHYDDWDQGRXQDSLRODGRQGHVH
QHFHVLWDYHULILFDUHOQLYHO9HULILFRGRVFRVDVTXHODDEHUWXUDHVWpDOLQHDGD\TXHODGLVWDQFLDGH
ODOtQHDVHDODPLVPD
/XHJRDPXUDPRV'HVSXpVTXHIUDJXyTXLWDPRVODVUHJODV\TXHGDSURQWR
Aberturas de PVC:
/DPD\RUtDVRQFRUUHGL]DV
(OFRQWUROGHUHFHSFLyQHVLJXDODOFRQWUROGHODVGHDOXPLQLRPHQRVHODQRGL]DGR
+D\TXHFRQWURODUHOVHOORGHJDUDQWtDFRQWUDORV5D\RVXOWUDYLROHWDV
/DFRORFDFLyQHVLJXDODODFRORFDFLyQGHODVGHDOXPLQLR
Revoques:
&LHORUUDVRV
3DUDPHQWRVYHUWLFDOHV
&RQWUDSLVRV
1) Cielorrasos.
+D\GRVSURFHGLPLHQWRV
D3RUIDMDV
E$JROSHGHUHJOD
(WDSDHQODTXHKDFHPRVHOFLHORUUDVR /RVDGHVHQFRIUDGD
0XURVSHULPHWUDOHVOHYDQWDGRV
/DVXSHUILFLHLQIHULRUGHOD/RVDHVODSDUWHPiVOLVDRPHQRVHQJUDVDGD
+D\TXHPHMRUDUODDGKHUHQFLDFRQXQDD]RWDGD
&DGD YH] PHQRV VH KDFH UHYRTXH GHVHQFRIUDGR SRUTXH VH WUDEDMD FRQ FKDSRQHV \ OXHJR VH
SDVD )DVHULW HVWR QR HV FRQYHQLHQWH HQ EDxRV \ FRFLQDV QL VL KXELpUDPRV XVDGR
GHVPROGDQWHVHQHOHQFRIUDGR
/XHJRGHODD]RWDGDKD\TXHYHUTXHWLSRGHUHYRTXHXWLOL]DPRVUHYRTXHJUXHVRRUHYRTXH
ILQR
+D\TXHGHFLGLUTXHSURFHGLPLHQWRXWLOL]DPRVSRUIDMDVRDJROSHGHUHJODV
a) Por fajas.
'HWHUPLQR SULPHUR ODV IDMDV HQ HO FLHORUUDVR &RORFDPRV SDUD QLYHODU HQ FDVR TXH VHD
QHFHVDULR%ROLQHVPRUWHURFRQDUHQD\
OR ³SHJDPRV´ DO WHFKR /XHJR FRQVWUX\R
IDMDVGHPRUWHUR\DORWURGtDPi[LPRGRV
GtDVUHYRFDPRV
%ROLQHV
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GH DOXPLQLR \ XQD YH] TXH SUR\HFWR HO
UHYRTXH VDFR OR TXH QR VLUYH \ DVt KDJR
)DMDGH0RUWHUR
WRGRHOUHYRTXHGHOFLHORUUDVR/RV%ROLQHV
VHUHWLUDQ
b) A golpe de regla.
3ULPHURVHKDFHODD]RWDGD6HSUR\HFWDHOUHYRTXHJUXHVROXHJRVHKDFHHOUHYRTXHILQRVH
WLUDFRQODFXFKDUD\VHSDVDXQIUHWDFKR
2) Paramentos verticales.
<DWHQHPRV &LHORUUDVRVSURQWRV
7DELTXHVOHYDQWDGRV
0DUFRVGHODVSXHUWDVDPXUDGRV
7XEHUtDGHLQVWDODFLyQHOpFWULFDFRORFDGD
(QFDVRGHTXHVHSRVHDFDxRVGHDJXD
6HSXHGHQKDFHUDQWHVGHOFRQWUDSLVRQRVLHPSUHWHQHPRVFRQWUDSLVR6LHPSUHVHKDFHQSRU
IDMDV\VHGHILQHSRUPHGLRGH%ROLQHVHOSORPRGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHOUHYRTXHJUXHVR
&RQVWUXLPRV ODV IDMDV GHVSXpV SUR\HFWDPRV HO UHYRTXH \ SDVDPRV OD UHJOD D PHGLGD TXH
YDPRVOHYDQWDQGRWHQHPRVTXHUHWLUDUORVWDFRVGHPDGHUD
2WURSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHWDPELpQHVSRUIDMDVHVSRVLFLRQDUXQDUHJODGHDOXPLQLRTXHVHXWLOL]D
SDUDDSR\DUODRWUDUHJOD\OXHJRODUHWLUDPRV
/D D]RWDGD YD VRODPHQWH GRQGH WHQHPRV KRUPLJyQ SLODUHV \ YLJDV OXHJR OH DSOLFDPRV HO
UHYRTXHILQRLJXDOTXHHQHOFLHORUUDVR
(QUHYRTXHVGHIDFKDGDODLPSHUPHDELOL]DFLyQGHEHKDFHUVHDQWHV
3) Contrapisos.
/OHYDQFDxHUtDVGHDEDVWHFLPLHQWRGHDJXDGHJDVORVDUDGLDQWHHWF3RUORJHQHUDOVHKDFHQ
SRUIDMDV3ULPHURFRORFDORV%ROLQHVSDUDPDUFDUHOQLYHOGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHOFRQWUDSLVRQRGHO
137/XHJRFRQVWUXLPRVODVIDMDV\FRORFRHOFRQWUDSLVR3DUDGHILQLUODDOWXUDGHOFRQWUDSLVR
KD\TXHGHILQLUSULPHURODDOWXUDGHOSDYLPHQWR
Pavimentos y Revestimientos cerámicos.
Pavimentos calcáreos:
(QEDVHD0RUWHUR
%DOGRVDVGHYHUHGD
&RQPRQROtWLFRDUULED PRQROtWLFRSXOLGR
0RQROtWLFRODYDGR
+D\TXHFRQWURODUODFDOLGDGGHODEDOGRVD\HVRYDDHVWDUGDGRSRUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOPRUWHUR
SHURHVGLItFLOGHWHUPLQDUORDVLPSOHYLVWD3DUDGHWHUPLQDUHVWRVHOHVSXHGHQUHDOL]DUHQVD\RV
DDOJXQDVPXHVWUDVSXHGHHVWDUHVWLSXODGRHQODPHPRULD
/D UHVLVWHQFLD WDPELpQ YD D HVWDU GDGD SRU OD UHVLVWHQFLD PLVPD GH OD EDOGRVD /D FDOLGDG
GHSHQGHGHOWLHPSRGHFXUDGR
6HFRQWUROD (OHVSHVRU
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/DGRVLILFDFLyQ
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&RORU
7RQR
&DOLEUH
7DPDxR
+D\TXHFRQWURODUTXHQRWHQJDQEXUEXMDVHQHOHVPDOWHTXHQRWHQJDQILVXUDVTXHQRHVWiQ
DODEHDGRV\TXHREYLDPHQWHQRHVWiQURWRV
'HSHQGLHQGRGHOFHUiPLFRYDPRVDWHQHUPHMRURSHRUHVFXDGUD\YDPRVDWHQHULJXDOGDGRQR
HQWUHORVFHUiPLFRV
/RVFHUiPLFRVKD\TXHPRMDUORVSUHYLDPHQWHSDUDTXHQRDEVRUEDQHODJXDGHOPRUWHUR
'RV PDQHUDV GH FRORFDUORV VRQ XQD PHGLDQWH PRUWHUR GH WRPD \ RWUD PHGLDQWH SHJDPHQWR
VREUHVXSHUILFLHVOLVDV
&HUiPLFRVFRORFDGRVHQSDUDPHQWRVYHUWLFDOHV
'HEHQVHUFRORFDUORVHQODSDUHGVLQSRQHUODSULPHUDKLODGDGHVSXpVVHGHEHSRQHUHOSLVR\
SRU~OWLPRVHGHEHSRQHUODSULPHUDKLODGD
+D\WUHVRSFLRQHVGHFRORFDFLyQ
D&RQXQEXHQU~VWLFRGHDOEDxLOHUtDSRGHPRVFRORFDU
HOFHUiPLFRFRQPRUWHURGHWRPDVREUHHOU~VWLFR
E 6L HO U~VWLFR GH DOEDxLOHUtD HV PDOR SRGHPRV RSWDU
SRU KDFHU XQ UHYRTXH JUXHVR UD\DGR SDUD PHMRUDU OD DGKHUHQFLD \ DUULED OH FRORFDPRV HO
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SHJDPHQWR
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XQLIRUPHVHQODFDUJDGHOPRUWHUR
6L XWLOL]DPRV JXDUGDV KD\ TXH FRQWURODU TXH ODV MXQWDV VHDQ LJXDOHV TXH ODV GHO FHUiPLFR \
WDPELpQ ODV ³DULVWDV YLYDV´ HQ HVWH FDVR KD\ TXH HQJOHWDU ORV FHUiPLFRV R XWLOL]DU
FDQWRQHUDGHDOXPLQLR
Pavimentos de Madera:
&RQWUROGHUHFHSFLyQGHREUD 7DPDxRGH[[[[[[GLPHQVLRQHV
7LSRGHPDGHUDTXHQRHVWpDODEHDGD
0DGHUDVHFD\HVWDFLRQDGD
3DUDFRQWURODUODKXPHGDGGHODPDGHUDKD\TXHOOHYDUODDXQODERUDWRULR\KDFHUOHXQHQVD\R
6H FRQWUROD SRU OD GLIHUHQFLD GH SHVR HQWUH K~PHGD \ VHFD FRQ HVWR VH GDQ FXHQWD GH OD
FDQWLGDGGHDJXDTXHWLHQH
(VSHVRUGHODVWDEOLWDV
(OSDUTXHWHVFRORFDGRFRQJUDSDVSRUHOORKD\TXHFRQWURODUODFDQWLGDGGHJUDSDV\ODFDUD
LQIHULRUGHDVIDOWR
Proceso de colocación del Parquet en el caso de tener grapas:
(OSDUTXHWYDFRORFDGRFRQPRUWHURGHWRPD
$QWHVGHFRORFDUORVHGHEHWHQHU
HOFRQWUDSLVR
/DVSDUHGHV
9HQWDQDVFRORFDGDVFRQORVYLGULRV
6HKXPHGHFHHOFRQWUDSLVR\VHFRORFDQODVWDEODVFRQPRUWHURGHWRPDGHFRQVLVWHQFLDELHQ
VHFD6HFRORFDHOPRUWHURVREUHHOFRQWUDSLVR\OXHJRVHFODYDQODVWDEODVHQHVHPRUWHURGH
WRPD3RUKRUDVQRVHSXHGHSLVDUHQORVFHUiPLFRVRKRUDV$ODVVHPDQDVR
PiVVHSXOHSXOLGDV+D\TXHSURWHJHUHOSLVRFRQSDUDILQDRJDVRLORVHSXHGHSXOLURSXOLU\
SODVWLILFDU
/DVWDEOLWDVWLHQHQDVIDOWRHQODFDUDLQIHULRUHVSDUDTXHODPDGHUDQRDEVRUEDODKXPHGDGGHO
PRUWHUR
Colocación de Parquet pegado:
9LHQHQWDEOLWDVSHJDGDVHQXQDKRMDGHSDSHO/DHWDSDGHODREUDHVODPLVPD9DQDUULED
GHOFRQWUDSLVRKDFHPRVXQDOLVDGRGHDUHQD\SRUWODQGFRORFDPRVODVWDEOLWDVFRQFRODYLQtOLFD
DUULED GHO DOLVDGR FRORFDGDV GH IRUPD TXH HO SDSHO TXHGH KDFLD DUULED (VH SDSHO EODQFR VH
VDFDSXOLHQGR\VHGHMDDVtRWDPELpQSXOLHQGR\SDVDQGRSDUDILQD
Sistemas Complementarios Diferenciados:
6XEFRQWUDWRV (OpFWULFD
6DQLWDULD
<WRGRVDTXHOORVTXHWHQJDQXQDIXQFLyQGLIHUHQFLDGD
Definición de subcontratos:
6RQWDUHDVSHUIHFWDPHQWHLGHQWLILFDEOHVDFRWDEOHVHLQGHSHQGLHQWHVGHQWURGHODREUDTXHVH
HMHFXWDQFRQPDWHULDOHV\HTXLSRVGLIHUHQWHVXWLOL]DGRVSRUPDQRGHREUDHVSHFLDOL]DGDTXH
GHSHQGHGHOVXEFRQWUDWLVWDTXLHQDSDUHFHFRPRXQDHVIHUDVXEVLGLDULDGHQWURGHODREUD
Diferentes Subcontratos:
1)(OpFWULFD
(VGHORVSULPHURVVXEFRQWUDWRVGHREUD&RORFRHOWDEOHURJHQHUDOTXHWLHQHTXHWHQHUOtQHD
WULIiVLFD +D\ TXH SUHYHU GHVGH OD HWDSD GHO SUR\HFWR VL YDPRV D WHQHU VXE HVWDFLyQ R QR
'HSHQGHGHODFDUJD\ODQHFHVLGDGGH87(HQHVD]RQD6LKD\VXEHVWDFLyQKD\TXHSUHYHU
HO SDVDMH GH FDEOHV VXEWHUUiQHRV /XHJR GH OD FLPHQWDFLyQ R VHD WDPELpQ HQ ODV SULPHUDV
HWDSDVKD\TXHSUHYHUODFRORFDFLyQGHODMDEDOLQDGHWLHUUD/XHJRHOHOHFWULFLVWDUHJUHVDDOD
REUDDFRORFDUORVFRQGXFWRVSRUGRQGHYDDHQKHEUDUORVFDEOHV\FRORFDORVFHQWURVHVWRHV
FXDQGR \D HVWi FRORFDGR HO HQFRIUDGR SDUD OD ORVD ODV DUPDGXUDV \ HO VHUSHQWtQ HQ HO FDVR
TXHKDOODORVDUDGLDQWH5HJUHVDQXHYDPHQWHHQHOOOHQDGRGHOD/RVDHQHVWDHWDSDYXHOYHQ
WRGRV ORV FRQWUDWLVWDV (O HOHFWULFLVWD DQWHV GH LUVH GHEH SUREDU HO HQKHEUDGR /XHJR YXHOYH
SDUD KDFHU ODV FDQDOL]DFLRQHV GH ORV WDELTXHV R VHD FXDQGR HVWiQ ORV PXURV OHYDQWDGRV \
DFXxDGRVGHILQLWLYDPHQWH&RORFDODVFDMDVGHSOiVWLFR\ODFDMDGHSOiVWLFRGHOWDEOHURDQWHV
GHLUVHWDPELpQYHULILFDTXHQLQJ~QFRQGXFWRTXHGHREVWUXLGR\YXHOYHSDUDHOHQKHEUDGROR
LGHDOHVTXHVHDGHVSXpVGHODSULPHUDPDQRGHSLQWXUD8QDSDUHGQXHYDOOHYDWUHVPDQRVGH
SLQWXUD
(OHOHFWULFLVWDDSR\DDRWURVVXEFRQWUDWRVFRPRSRUHMHPSOR
D OD VDQLWDULD /D DSR\D FRQ ODV ERPEDV GHO QLYHO LQIHULRU DO VXSHULRU (O VDQLWDULR
GHSHQGHGHOHOHFWULFLVWDSRUTXHQRSXHGHDEDVWHFHUDOHGLILFLRVLHOHOHFWULFLVWDQROHFRQHFWDOD
ERPEDGHOWDQTXHLQIHULRU
E/DFDOHIDFFLyQ1RVLHPSUHSRGHPRVWHQHUORVDUDGLDQWHGHWLSRHOpFWULFRSHURVLOD
KD\HOHOHFWULFLVWDYDDWHQHUTXHGHMDUSUHYLVWRODLQVWDODFLyQSDUDODORVDUDGLDQWH
F(ODJXDFDOLHQWHFHQWUDO$HVWHUHVSHFWRYDDKDEHUXQDERPEDFLUFXODGRUD
G(OWDEOHURSDUDHODVFHQVRU
H(ODLUHDFRQGLFLRQDGR7DEOHURSDUDODVDODGHDLUHDFRQGLFLRQDGR
G3RUWHURHOpFWULFR
3UHYLVLRQHVUHVSHFWRDOHOHFWULFLVWD(OGHORVHGLILFLRVQRSUHYpQGXFWRVGHHOpFWULFD3HUR
KD\TXHWHQHUSUHYLVWRVSDVHVHQODVYLJDVSDUDORVFDEOHV
2) 6DQLWDULD
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GHVSXpVGHOD~OWLPDSDUDGD$UULEDODORVDGRQGHYDDHVWDUODVDODGHPiTXLQDVGHEHHVWDUD
PWVGHOQLYHOGHOD~OWLPDSDUDGD$EDMRKD\XQIRVRTXHSRUQRUPDWLYDGHEHHVWDUWRWDOPHQWH
VHFR(VWHWLSRGHDVFHQVRUHVVRQGHPDUFKDOHQWDHQ8UXJXD\QRKD\DVFHQVRUHVUiSLGRV
E+LGUiXOLFRV/OHYDQODPDTXLQDULDDEDMR\QRSUHFLVDQVDODGH
PiTXLQDV6LUYHQSDUDSRFRVQLYHOHV\VRQPX\OHQWRV+D\GRVWLSRVXQRVRQORVGHpPEROR
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PWV
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137
PWV
Sistemas Complementarios No Diferenciados:
'HILQLFLyQ GH 6LVWHPD (V XQ FRQMXQWR GH GLVSRVLWLYRV TXH FRQVWLWX\HQ XQD UHVSXHVWD
FRRUGLQDGDDXQDH[LJHQFLD
'HILQLFLyQGH6LVWHPDQRGLIHUHQFLDGR&RQMXQWRGHFXDOLGDGHVRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHGLVHxRGHOD
FRQVWUXFFLyQ TXH UHVXHOYHQ R UHVSRQGHQ D IDPLOLDV GH H[LJHQFLDV SHUR QR LQFOX\HQ
FRPSRQHQWHV HVSHFtILFRV FRPR XQLGDGHV R FRQMXQWRV IXQFLRQDOHV 3RU HM 8Q FHUUDPLHQWR
YHUWLFDOXQPXURTXHVHSDUDHOLQWHULRUGHOH[WHULRUFXPSOHXQJUDQQ~PHURGHH[LJHQFLDVDO
PLVPRWLHPSRSRUHVRQRHVGLIHUHQFLDGR
Familias de exigencias:
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EUHJXODFLyQDF~VWLFD
FKXPHGDGGHODLUH
GDLVODFLyQIUHQWHDODJXD
HUHQRYDFLyQGHDLUH
0RWLYRVSRUORVFXDOHVSRGHPRVWHQHUDJXDGHQWURGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQ
$JXDTXHPDQDSRUKXPHGDGGHOVXHOR
'HOD1DSD)UHiWLFD
'HFRUULHQWHVVXEWHUUiQHDV
/OXYLD
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(QODSLQWXUD DPSROODV
(QORVPRUWHURV
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1) Detalle de Azotea.
3LH]DGHKRUPLJ RQSUHPROGHDGR
&iPDUDGHDLUH
0HPEUDQDDVIiOWLFD
$OLVDGRGHDUHQD\SRUODQG
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5HYRTXHFDSDV
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2) Detalle de Entrepiso.
&DUSLQWHUtDPHWiOLFD
3LH]DGH+RUPLJyQSUHPROGHDGR
&iPDUDGHDLUH
$UHQD\SRUWODQGFRQKLGUyIXJR
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,PSHUPHDELOL]DFLyQ
%LJRWHGHXQLyQ
'UHQDMH
*RWHUyQ
/RVD
5HYRTXHFDSDV
A) Regulación Térmica:
5HVSHFWRDODFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRWpUPLFR
1) Sobre el proyecto.
,QIOXLPRVHQ /DHOHFFLyQGHORVPDWHULDOHVFHUiPLFRVHQYH]GHEORTXHV
(QORVHVSHVRUHVPXURV
3UHYHUPXURVH[WHULRUHVGREOHV
3UHYHUPDWHULDOHVDLVODQWHV 3ROLUHWDQRSUR\HFWDGR
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(YLWDUOXJDUHVFRQSXHQWHVWpUPLFRV
2) Sobre la obra.
(YLWDUTXHVHJHQHUHQSXHQWHVWpUPLFRVDGHQWURGHODFiPDUDGHDLUHHYLWDU
TXHVHFDLJDPRUWHURGHQWURGHODFiPDUD
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/DHVSXPDSODVWQRSXHGHLUGLUHFWDPHQWHGHEDMRGHODPHPEUDQD
B) Durabilidad.
1) Física:
5HVLVWHQFLDDODJUDYHGDG
5HVLVWHQFLDDORVLPSDFWRV
5HVLVWHQFLDDORVSXQ]RQDGRV
2) Agentes físicos:
5HVLVWHQFLDDODDEUDVLyQ
5HVLVWHQFLDDODGLODWDFLyQ
5HVLVWHQFLDDODKXPHGDG
5HVLVWHQFLDDODV5HWUDFFLRQHVSRUWHPSHUDWXUD
3) Agentes químicos:
2[LGDFLyQ
$FLGRV
%DVHV
6XVWDQFLDVRUJiQLFDV
4) Agentes vivos:
3ROLOODV
7HUHGRVPROXVFRVTXHDWDFDQODPDGHUD
+RQJRV
7HUPLWDV
(OKRPEUHPDOWUDWRVDWHQWDGRV
5) Durabilidad funcional:
)OH[LELOLGDG
6) Seguridad:
&RQWUDLQFHQGLRVSURWHJHUODHVWUXFWXUDSDUDGDUWLHPSRGHHYDFXDFLyQ(Q
8UXJXD\HVREOLJDWRULR
$FFLGHQWHV SHUVRQDOHV SRU HM (Q XQ FLQH WHQHPRV TXH LOXPLQDU ORV
HVFDORQHV
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C) Constructividad.
(O SUR\HFWR WLHQH TXH HVWDU DSURSLDGR DO OXJDU D OD PDQR GH REUD \ D ODV
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D) Mantenimiento.
'HVGH HO SUR\HFWR WHQHPRV TXH VDEHU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH XVR GHO HGLILFLR 'H
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Exigencia
Material
afectado
0DGHUD
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Agente
agresor
3ROLOODV
7HUHGRV
7HUPLWDV
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$JXD
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5DOODGXUDV
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39&
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Protección previa
&UHRVRWD
3HQWDFORUXURIHQRO
6DOHVPHWiOLFDV
&RORFDFLyQGHXQSURWHFWRUYHQHQRVR
3XOLGRHQFHUDGRR
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Protección final.
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Hormigón Armado:
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XQSURFHVRGHFULVWDOL]DFLyQGHOFHPHQWRDOKLGUDWDUVHFRQHODJXD/DKLGUDWDFLyQWDUGDPXFKR
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$+RUPLJyQDSLHGHREUD
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A) Hormigón a pie de obra.
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/DKRUPLJRQHUDHQODREUD
(OSHGUHJXOOR
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GHDJXD\FHPHQWRSDUDPHMRUDUODDGKHUHQFLD\OXHJRFRORFDPRVHOKRUPLJyQQXHYR
&XDQGRFRUWHPRVHOOOHQDGRGHXQDORVDGHEHPRVFRQVXOWDUSUHYLDPHQWHFRQHOLQJHQLHURHQ
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XWLOL]DUPDWHULDOHVTXH³SHJXHQ´XQKRUPLJyQFRQRWUR
7DPELpQKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDORVVLVWHPDVGHHOHYDFLyQJU~DVRJXLQFKHV
Sistemas de Transporte horizontal: &DUUHWLOODV
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6HOHSXHGHDJUHJDUFXDOTXLHUWLSRGHDGLWLYRV
Amasado:
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1) 0DQXDO
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OHLQFRUSRUDPRVHODJXDPH]FODQGR
2) &RQ+RUPLJRQHUD
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IXQFLRQDQGRVHJXQGRVPiV
Colocación del Hormigón en los Moldes:
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(OIUDJXDGRGHOKRUPLJyQFRPLHQ]DDODKRUD\PHGLDRGRVGHVSXpVGHWHUPLQDGRHODPDVDGR
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HQFDUUHWLOOD3RUODYLEUDFLyQTXHSURGXFHpVWDYDPRVDWHQHUXQDGHFDQWDFLyQVHJUHJDFLyQ
GHODPDVDGHOKRUPLJyQ(QHVDVFRQGLFLRQHVQRVHSXHGHFRORFDUHQHOPROGH7HQHPRVTXH
YROYHU D PH]FODU (Q DOJXQRV FDVRV VH OH LQFRUSRUDQ DGLWLYRV DO KRUPLJyQ SDUD HYLWDU OD
VHJUHJDFLyQ
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KDFHPRVHQGRVHWDSDV3DUDFRPSDFWDUHOKRUPLJyQORGHEHPRVDSLVRQDU&XDQGROOHQDPRV
XQD ORVD FRPHQ]DPRV GHVGH ORV H[WUHPRV KDFLD HO FHQWUR \ QR GHEHPRV ROYLGDU OD
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Curado.
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GHVHQFRIUDU DQWHV /D ~QLFD GLIHUHQFLD HV TXH WLHQH XQD PROLHQGD PiV ILQD \ HVWR IDFLOLWD OD
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IULy\GHOFDORU%iVLFDPHQWHKD\TXHUHJDUHOKRUPLJyQRWUDIRUPDHVWDSDUORFRQXQQ\ORQ
Precauciones en los días previos al Llenado.
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3UHYHUORVHVSDFLRVHQODREUD
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9HULILFDUHOHQFRIUDGR/RPiVLPSRUWDQWHHVHOQLYHO
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9HULILFDUHODSXQWDODPLHQWRGHOHQFRIUDGR
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7LHQHQTXHHVWDUFRORFDGRVORV³VDSLWRV´SDUDTXHHOKRUPLJyQVHFXHOHSUiFWLFDPHQWHQRVH
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7HQHUVXILFLHQWHVWDEORQHVSDUDWUDQVLWDUSRUHM3RUHQFLPDGHODORVDTXHHVWDPRVOOHQDQGR
B) Hormigón Premezclado:
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'HVYHQWDMDV 1RSXHGRFRQWURODUODVFRQVLVWHQFLDGHOKRUPLJyQ
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Aditivos:
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Tipo
Hormigón a
Hormigón
Pie de Obra
Premezclado
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5HGXFHHODJXDGH
DPDVDGR
0i[LPRVREUH
SHVR&3
$OWDUHVLVWHQFLDLQLFLDO
'HIUDJXDGRSDUDKRUP
.JEROVD
'HVHQFRIUDGRUiSLGR
3ODVWLILFDQWH
6XSHUIOXLGLILFDQWH
$OWDUHVLVWHQFLDLQLFLDO
JUFDGD
(VSHFLDOSDUDHVWH
.JGH&3
WLSRGHVLWXDFLRQHV
OWEROVD
0i[VREUHHO
SHVRGHO&3
'HQVLILFDGRU!
$XPHQWRGHUHVLVWHQFLD JUEROVD DVREUHHO
3ODVWLILFDQWH
!LPSHUPHDELOL]R
SHVRGHO&3
([SDQGHHOPDWHULDO
.JEROVD
VREUHHOSHVR
([SDQVLYR\
DQWHV\GXUDQWHHO
GHO&3
SODVWLILFDQWH
IUDJXDGR
UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV
SDUDHVWHKRUPLJyQ
5HWDUGDGRUH
'HIUDJXDGR
&RQWURORHOWLHPSRGH
JUD
DVREUHHO
V
IUDJXDGR
NJEROVD
SHVRGHO&3
5HGXFHDJXDGH
DPDVDGR\VHJUHJDFLyQ
,QFRUSRUDFLy
)OXLGLILFDQWHH
0HMRUDODWUDEDMDELOLGDG JUEROVD
1RDSOLFDEOH
QGHDLUH
LQFRUSRUGRUGHDLUH
5HVLVWHEDMDV
WHPSHUDWXUDV
5HGXFHDJXDGH
DPDVDGR
$LUHDGRU
JUEROVD
1RDSOLFDEOH
(YLWDVHJUDJDFLyQSRU
WUDQVSRUWH
Nomenclatura
Ventajas
Controles del Hormigón:
Control de los Insumos del hormigón.
&HPHQWR
&RQWURO
7LSR\SURFHGHQFLDGHOFHPHQWR3RGHPRVWHQHUFHPHQWRFRP~QRGHDOWDUHVLVWHQFLD
LQLFLDO3RUORWDQWRWHQHPRVTXHVDEHUFRQTXHWLSRGHFHPHQWRHVWDPRVWUDEDMDQGR
6LHVWiHQFRQGLFLyQGHVHUXVDGRRQR8QDIRUPDGHVDEHUVLHVXQFHPHQWRQXHYRR
QRHVSRUVXWHPSHUDWXUDVLHVQXHYRHVWiWLELR
4XHQRKDOODHVWDGRHQFRQWDFWRFRQKXPHGDG3DUDHVRYDPRVDDEULUDOJXQDVEROVDV
\ YDPRV D FKHTXHDU TXH QR WHQJDQ JUXPRV VL ORV WLHQH HV TXH \D HPSH]y HO SURFHVR GH
IUDJXDGR6HJ~QODFDQWLGDGGHJUXPRVHVUHFKD]DGRRQR
3UHFDXFLRQHVHQFXDQWRDODOPDFHQDMHGHOFHPHQWR
%ROVDV
1RDSLODUPiVGHHQDOWXUD
/HYDQWDGDVVREUHHQWDEORQDGR
/XJDUWHFKDGR
1RSXHGHQWRFDUODVSDUHGHV
*UDQHO
&XFKD
6LOR
$JXD
6LWUDEDMDPRVFRQDJXDGH26(QRKD\SUREOHPD
$JXDGHSR]DRGHDOJ~QFXUVRGHDJXDQR9DPRVDWHQHUTXHFKHTXHDUTXHQR
WHQJDTXtPLFRVTXHDOWHUHQHOKRUPLJyQ1RSXHGHWHQHUQLQJ~QTXtPLFRTXHDIHFWHDO
KLHUURRODUHDFFLyQFHPHQWRDJXD
7LHQHTXHVHUDJXDOLPSLDVLQPDWHULDORUJiQLFREDUUR
$UHQD
&RQWUROGHODKXPHGDG
(Q REUD SHVDPRV XQ NLOR GH DUHQD K~PHGD OXHJR OD
URFLDPRV FRQ DOFRKRO \ OD SUHQGHPRV IXHJR HQ HVWH SURFHGLPLHQWR VH HYDSRUD HO DJXD 6H
YXHOYH D SHVDU VHFD \ SRU GLIHUHQFLD GH SHVRV VH GHGXFH OD FDQWLGDG GH DJXD TXH KD\ HQ OD
DUHQD
(QPGHiULGR&DQWLGDGGHDJXDTXHSXHGHOOHJDUDFRQWHQHUPGHiULGR
Apariencia
Arena lts.
Gravilla lts
Grava lts
Seca
Húmeda
Muy húmeda
Saturada
/DKXPHGDGVLHPSUHWLHQGHDFRQFHQWUDUVHDEDMR
/LPSLD
1RSXHGHVHUDUHQDGHSOD\D
3HGUHJXOOR
&RQWURO
4XHVHDSHGUHJXOORODYDGROLPSLR
9HULILFDUHORORUSDUDDVHJXUDUQRVTXHORODYDURQFRQDJXDSRWDEOH
9HULILFDUODJUDQXORPHWUtDHVWRHVWiFRQGLFLRQDGRSRUODVHSDUDFLyQGH
ORVKLHUURV\ODVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHKLHUUR\HQFRIUDGR+RUPLJyQWDPDxRPi[LPRPP
Control de Hormigón:
(QVD\RVSDUD+RUPLJyQIUHVFR
&ODVLILFDFLyQVHJ~QVXILQDOLGDG
D(QVD\RVGHFRQVLVWHQFLD
&RQRGH$EUDKDPV
0HVDGHVDFXGLGDV
&RQVLVWHQFLDGH9HEH
E3HVRGHKRUPLJyQSRUP
F&RQWHQLGRGHDLUHGHOiULGR
G&DQWLGDGGHDJXDGHDPDVDGR
H&RQWHQLGROLPLWDFLyQGHWDPDxR\PHGLGDJUDQXORPpWULFDGHOiULGRJUXHVR
I&RQWUROGHHILFDFLDGHDPDVDGRGHXQDKRUPLJRQHUD
(QVD\RVGH+RUPLJyQHQGXUHFLGR
&ODVLILFDFLyQVHJ~QVXILQDOLGDGGH-LPpQH]0RQWR\D
(QVD\RVSUHYLRV
(QVD\RVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRV
(QVD\RVGHFRQWURO
(QVD\RVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ
&ODVLILFDFLyQVHJ~QVLURPSHPRVSUREHWDVRQR
D(QVD\RVGHVWUXFWLYRV
'HSUREHWDVHQPROGDGDVPpWRGR5LWHQ
&RPSUHVLyQ
)OH[LyQ
'HSUREHWDVWHVWLJR
E(QVD\RVQRGHVWUXFWLYRV
0pWRGRVHVFOHURPpWULFRV
0DUWLOOR6FKPLGW
(VFOHUyPHWUR:LQGVRU
0pWRGRVSRUYHORFLGDGGHSURSDJDFLyQ
0pWRGRVSRUUHVRQDQFLD
0pWRGRVSRUDEVRUFLyQRGLIXVLyQGHUDGLRLVyWURSRV
3UXHEDVGHFDUJD
(QVD\RVGHKRUPLJyQIUHVFR
D&RQVLVWHQFLD
&RQR GH $EUDKDPV HQ REUD 6H SRQH HO KRUPLJyQ GHQWUR GHO FRQR VLQ IRQGR FX\R
WDPDxR\IRUPDHVWiHVWLSXODGR(OFRQRWLHQHTXHHVWDUVREUHXQDVXSHUILFLHKRUL]RQWDOTXHQR
OHDJUHJXHVXVWDQFLDVDOKRUPLJyQ6HOOHYDQWUHVFDSDVPDVRPHQRVLJXDOHVFDGDFDSDVH
FRPSDFWDFRQXQDYDULOODSLFDQGRDOKRUPLJyQ/DYDULOODGHEHVHUGH∅GHFPGHODUJR\
SXQWDUHGRQGHDGD/DSXQWDGHEHWHUPLQDUHQXQGLiPHWURGHPP3RUFDGDFDSDSLFDPRV
YHFHV OD YDULOOD VH GHMD FDHU 8QD YH] TXH OOHQDPRV HO FRQR KD\ TXH UHWLUDUOR GHVSDFLR
DSR\iQGROHDOODGRXQDPRQWDxDGHKRUPLJyQ$SR\DVXQDYDULOODUHJOD\VHPLGHHQFPHO
GHVFHQVRGHOFRQRGH$EUDKDPV(QIXQFLyQGHOGHVFHQVRVHVDFDODFRQVLVWHQFLD
0HVD GH VDFXGLGDV ODERUDWRULR 0HVD YLEUDGRUD HQ OD FXDO DSR\DPRV XQ FRPR
WUXQFDGR 6H YD OOHQDQGR SRU FDSDV SLFDPRV \ FXDQGR VH FRPSOHWD VDFDPRV HO FRQR \
SUHQGHPRVODPHVD/DPHVDVHOHYDQWD\FDH(QIXQFLyQGHODGLIHUHQFLDGHFyPRDXPHQWDOD
EDVHGHODPRQWDxDGHKRUPLJyQVHVDEHODFRQVLVWHQFLD
&RQVLVWyPHWUR9HEHODERUDWRULR&LOLQGURGHQWURGHXQFRQRGH$EUDKDPV6HOHYDQWD
HOFRQRVHDSR\DXQYLGULRDUULEDGHODPDVDGHOKRUPLJyQ\VHSUHQGHODPHVDGHVDFXGLGDV
6H DSDJD OD PHVD FXDQGR WRGR HO KRUPLJyQ TXHGD HQ FRQWDFWR FRQ HO YLGULR (Q IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSRTXHWDUGHRFXUULUHVWRVHVDEHODFRQVLVWHQFLDGHOKRUPLJyQ
(QVD\RVGH+RUPLJyQHQGXUHFLGR3DUDGHWHUPLQDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOKRUPLJyQ
D(QVD\RVSUHYLRVHQVD\RVGHVWUXFWLYRV
6LUYHQSDUDGHWHUPLQDUODGRVLILFDFLyQHQODERUDWRULRFXDQGRODHVWDPRVGHWHUPLQDQGRHQREUD
6HOOHQDXQDSUREHWD\VHURPSHDODFRPSUHVLyQGHWHUPLQDQGRODUHVLVWHQFLD\DVtYHULILFDPRV
ODGRVLILFDFLyQGHOKRUPLJyQTXHWHQHPRV
E(QVD\RVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRV6HKDFHPHGLDKRUDDQWHVGHOKRUPLJRQDGR
F(QVD\RGHFRQWURO6RQREOLJDWRULRV
&XDQGROOHQDPRVKDFHPRVYDULDVSUREHWDVR\VHURPSHQDORVGtDV
G(QVD\RVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ4XLHURVDEHUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHHVHKRUPLJyQHQHVDVFRQGLFLRQHV
6HOOHQDQODVSUREHWDV\VHPDQWLHQHQEDMRODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHODVGHOOOHQDGR6LWRPR
ODPXHVWUDHQHOSLVRODSUREHWDWDPELpQHVWiHQHOSLVRDOODGRGHODORVD\SRUORWDQWR
EDMR ODV PLVPD FRQGLFLRQHV 3DUD REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ GH DOJR \D FRQVWUXLGR URPSHPRV OD
SUREHWDWHVWLJR6HUHFRUWDXQDSUREHWDGHKRUPLJyQGHODSLH]D\VHHQVD\DDODFRPSUHVLyQ
0pWRGRV HVFOHURPpWULFRV (Q IXQFLyQ GH OD GXUH]D VXSHUILFLDO SDUD HYLWDU OD SHQHWUDFLyQ &RQ
HVWRVPpWRGRVVHVDFDODUHVLVWHQFLD
