Pesticidas obsoletos en Colombia

2ECIBIDODE3EPTIEMBREAPROBADODEMAYODE
*iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>
.ANCY03ÈNCHEZ-
%STUDIANTE-AESTRÓA#))!$EPARTAMENTODE)NGENIERÓA#IVILY
!MBIENTAL5NIVERSIDADDELOS!NDES
-ANUEL32ODRÓGUEZ3USA
0ROFESOR !SISTENTE #))! $EPARTAMENTO DE )NGENIERÓA #IVIL Y
!MBIENTAL5NIVERSIDADDELOS!NDES
6ÓCTOR-ANUEL3ARRIA-
0ROFESOR!SISTENTE$EPARTAMENTODE1UÓMICA
5NIVERSIDADDELOS!NDES
0! , ! " 2 ! 3 # , !6 % 3
2ESIDUOSPELIGROSOSPESTICIDAS!/0
+%97/2$3
(AZARDOUS7ASTESPESTICIDES!/0
2 % 3 5 - % . 3EGÞN EL -INISTERIO DE !MBIENTE 6IVIENDA Y
$ESARROLLO 4ERRITORIAL EN EL PAÓS EXISTEN CERCA DE TONE
REVISTADEINGENIERÓA FACULTADDEINGENIERÓAUNIVERSIDADDELOSANDESNOVIEMBRE
-ˆÌÕ>Vˆ˜Ê>VÌÕ>ÊÞÊ>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÃÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊÞÊ
`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê
! " 3 4 2 ! # 4 !CCORDING TO THE -INISTERIO DE !MBIENTE
LADASDEPESTICIDASOBSOLETOSUBICADOSENALMACENESYEN
6IVIENDA Y $ESARROLLO 4ERRITORIAL THERE ARE ABOUT TON
ENTIERROSILEGALESENDISTINTOSLUGARESDE#OLOMBIAAÞNSIN
OF OBSOLETE PESTICIDES IN #OLOMBIA WHICH ARE LOCATED IN
IDENTIlCAR CON EXACTITUD $ADA LA AFECTACIØN QUE HAN CAU
WAREHOUSESANDILLEGALBURIALSINDIFFERENTUNKNOWNPLACES
SADOYPUEDENLLEGARACAUSARALAPOBLACIØNCERCANAASUS
OF THE COUNTRY "ECAUSE OF THESE SUBSTANCES CAN PRODUCE
ZONAS DE UBICACIØN POR EL RIESGO QUE REPRESENTAN PARA EL
NEGATIVEEFFECTSINHUMANHEALTHOFNEARESTCOMMUNITYTO
MEDIOAMBIENTEPORLAOPOSICIØNPÞBLICAALOSINTENTOSDE
THEPLACESWHERETHEYAREANDTHEYCONSTITUTEANENVIRON
ELIMINACIØNDENTRODELPAÓSYPORELDESCONOCIMIENTOGENERAL
MENTALRISKBESIDESTHEGENERALLACKOFINFORMATIONABOUT
SOBRELAMAGNITUDDELAPROBLEMÈTICAESTOSMATERIALESME
THIS SITUATION AND THE PUBLIC OPPOSITION TO THE TREATMENT
RECENESPECIALINTERÏSENELÈMBITOAMBIENTALNACIONAL%STE
ATTEMPTSINSIDETHECOUNTRYTHISARTICLEPRESENTSAGENERAL
ARTÓCULOPRESENTAUNASÓNTESISDELACUANTIlCACIØNUBICACIØN
OVERVIEWABOUTTHISPROBLEMINCLUDINGALTERNATIVESOFSO
YPOSIBLEMANEJOAESTOSMATERIALES
LUTIONBASEDINTHE#OLOMBIANREALITY
).42/$5##)».
œÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʵՉ“ˆVœÃ]ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ}i˜iÀ>“i˜ÌiÊ
̝݈V>ÃÊVœ˜ÊiÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>ÃÊVœ“«i>ÃÊÞÊiÃÌ>LiÃ]Ê«iÀÈÇ
Ìi˜ÌiÃÊi˜ÊiÊ“i`ˆœÊ>“Lˆi˜Ìi]ʵÕiʈ˜VÕÞi˜Êˆ˜ÃiV̈‡
Vˆ`>Ã]ʅiÀLˆVˆ`>ÃÊÞÊv՘}ˆVˆ`>Ã]ʅ>˜ÊÈ`œÊṎˆâ>`œÃÊ
«œÀÊiÊ…œ“LÀiÊ>ʏœÊ>À}œÊ`iʏ>ʅˆÃ̜Àˆ>ÊVœ˜ÊiÊvˆ˜Ê`iÊ
“>˜Ìi˜iÀʏ>Ê«Àœ`ÕV̈ۈ`>`Ê`iʏœÃÊVՏ̈ۜÃ]ÊVœ˜ÌÀœ>ÀÊ
«>}>ÃÊÞÊiÀÀ>`ˆV>ÀÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊÌÀ>˜Ã“ˆÃœÀiÃÊ`iÊi˜viÀ“i‡
`>`iÃÊÌ>iÃÊVœ“œÊ>ʓ>>Àˆ>]ÊiÊ̈vÕÃÊÞʏ>ÊvˆiLÀiÊ>“>‡
Àˆ>°Ê-ÕÊÕÜʅ>ÊÌÀ>‰`œÊi˜ÌÀiʜÌÀœÃÊLi˜ivˆVˆœÃÊiÊ`iÃ>‡
ÀÀœœÊ`iʏ>Ê>}ÀˆVՏÌÕÀ>ÊÞʏ>Ê«ÀœÌiVVˆ˜Ê`iʓˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊ
ۈ`>ÃÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊ“Õ˜`œ]Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊi˜Ê«>‰ÃiÃÊ
ÌÀœ«ˆV>iÃÊ>âœÌ>`œÃÊ«œÀʏ>Ê«ÀiÃi˜Vˆ>Ê`iʓœÃµÕˆÌœÃÊ
Ì>iÃÊVœ“œÊiÊ>˜œ«…iiÃ]ʵÕiÊ`iʜÌÀ>ÊvœÀ“>ʅÕLˆiÃi˜Ê
}i˜iÀ>`œÊ}À>˜`iÃÊ«ÀœLi“>ÃÊ`iÊÃ>Õ`Ê«ÖLˆV>°
-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ʍ՘̜ÊVœ˜ÊœÃÊLi˜ivˆVˆœÃÊ>ÌÀˆLՈLiÃÊ
>ÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>Ã]ÊÃÕÊÕÜʫÕi`iÊ}i˜iÀ>ÀÊÀiÈ`՜ÃÊ
µÕiÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>˜ÊÃÕiœÃÊÞÊvÕi˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ>}Õ>Ê`iʓ>˜iÀ>Ê
«iÀÈÃÌi˜ÌiÊÞ]Êi˜Ê>}՘œÃÊV>ÜÃ]ʏ>Ê>VՓՏ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ
V>˜Ìˆ`>`iÃÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>LiÃÊ`iÊiÃ̜ÃÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ÃʵÕiÊ
Vœ˜Ã̈ÌÕÞi˜ÊœÃʏ>“>`œÃÊ`i«ÃˆÌœÃÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
œL܏i̜ÃʜÊV>`ÕV>`œÃÆʏœÃÊVÕ>iÃʘœÊ«Õi`i˜ÊÃiÀÊṎˆ‡
â>`œÃ]ÊLˆi˜ÊÃi>Ê«œÀÊÀ>✘iÃÊ>ÜVˆ>`>ÃÊ>ʏ>ʏi}ˆÃ>Vˆ˜Ê
œÊ«œÀʏ>Ê`i}À>`>Vˆ˜ÊµÕiʅ>˜ÊÃÕvÀˆ`œÊi˜ÊÃÕÊiÃÌÀÕVÌՇ
À>]ÊÞÊ«œÀʏœÊÌ>˜ÌœÊ…>˜Ê`iLˆ`œÊÃiÀÊ>“>Vi˜>`œÃʅ>ÃÌ>Ê
µÕiÊÃi>Ê«œÃˆLiÊÀi>ˆâ>ÀÊ՘ʫÀœViÜÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊœÊ
`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Êvˆ˜>°
“>ޜÀ‰>Ê`iÊiÃ̜ÃÊVœÀÀi뜘`i˜Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ>ÊÃÕÇ
Ì>˜Vˆ>ÃʵÕiÊvÕiÀœ˜Ê>`µÕˆÀˆ`>ÃÊi˜Êj«œV>ÃÊ`iÊLœ˜>˜â>Ê
`iÊ՘Ê`iÌiÀ“ˆ˜>`œÊVՏ̈ۜÊÞʵÕi]Ê`iLˆ`œÊi˜ÌÀiʜÌÀ>ÃÊ
À>✘iÃÊ>ÊVÀˆÃˆÃÊi˜ÊœÃʓiÀV>`œÃÊ`iÊ«Àœ`ÕV̜]Ê`iLˆi‡
Àœ˜ÊÃiÀÊ>“>Vi˜>`>ÃÊ«œÀʏ>À}œÃÊ«iÀˆœ`œÃÊ`iÊ̈i“«œ]Ê
«Àœ`ÕVˆj˜`œÃiÊÃÕÊ`iÃVœ“«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊQÓR°
Ê«ÀœLi“>Ê`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊi˜Ê`ˆÃ̈˜‡
̜ÃʏÕ}>ÀiÃÊ`iÊ“Õ˜`œÊ̈i˜iÊ՘ʫ>˜œÀ>“>Êȓˆ>À°Ê
-iÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Ê>“>Vi˜>`œÃÊi˜Ê}À>˜`iÃÊV>˜Ìˆ`>`iÃ]Ê
i˜ÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃʈ˜>`iVÕ>`>Ã]Êi˜Ê«>‰ÃiÃÊi˜Êۉ>ÃÊ`iÊ
`iÃ>ÀÀœœ]Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊÌÀœ«ˆV>iÃ]ʵÕiʏœÃÊṎˆ‡
â>Àœ˜Ê«>À>ʅ>ViÀÊvÀi˜ÌiÊ>Ê«>}>ÃÊ«iÀÕ`ˆVˆ>iÃÊ«>À>Ê
՘>Ê`iÊÃÕÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>iÃÊ>V̈ۈ`>`iÃÊiVœ˜“ˆV>ÃÊVœ“œÊ
>Ê>}ÀˆVՏÌÕÀ>ʜÊi˜ÊiÊ`iÃ>ÀÀœœÊ`iÊV>“«>š>ÃÊ`iÊ
Ã>Õ`Ê«ÖLˆV>ÊÌi˜`ˆi˜ÌiÃÊ>ÊVœ˜ÌÀœ>ÀÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊÌÀ>˜Ã‡
“ˆÃœÀiÃÊ`iÊi˜viÀ“i`>`iðÊ-ÕÊ`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Êvˆ˜>Ê«Õi`iÊ
Ì>À`>ÀÊÛ>ÀˆœÃÊ>šœÃ]ÊÞ>ʵÕiʏ>ÊV>«>Vˆ`>`ÊÌiV˜œ}ˆV>Ê
`iÊiÃ̜ÃÊ«>‰ÃiÃʘœÊiÃÊÃÕvˆVˆi˜ÌiÊ«>À>ÊÀi>ˆâ>À>ÊÞ]Ê
}i˜iÀ>“i˜Ìi]ʘœÊi݈ÃÌi˜ÊœÃÊÀiVÕÀÜÃʘiViÃ>ÀˆœÃÊ«>À>Ê
>VÕ`ˆÀÊ>Ê«>‰ÃiÃÊVœ˜Êˆ˜vÀ>iÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>Ê>`iVÕ>`>Ê«>À>ÊÃÕÊ
ÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜Ìœ]Ê`iLˆ`œÊ>ʏœÃÊVœÃ̜Ãʈ˜ÛœÕVÀ>`œÃ]ʏœÃÊ
VÕ>iÃʈ˜VÕÞi˜ÊiÊÌÀ>˜Ã«œÀÌiÊVœ˜Ê>ÃÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ
ÀiµÕiÀˆ`>ÃÊ«>À>ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ`iÊiÃÌiÊ̈«œÊV>Ì>œ}>`>ÃÊ
Vœ“œÊ«iˆ}ÀœÃ>ð
˜ÊœÊÀiviÀi˜ÌiÊ>ʏ>ʏi}ˆÃ>Vˆ˜]Ê«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʵÕiÊvÕiÀœ˜Ê
Ṏˆâ>`œÃÊ`iÊvœÀ“>ÊÀi}Տ>ÀÊi˜Ê՘Ê̈«œÊ`iÊVՏ̈ۜÊ
iëiV‰vˆVœÊœÊi˜Ê>ʏÕV…>ÊVœ˜ÌÀ>Ê՘ÊÛiV̜ÀÊ`iÌiÀ“ˆ˜>‡
`œ]ÊÃiÊVœ˜ÛˆÀ̈iÀœ˜Êi˜Ê«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜Ã]Ê`iLˆ`œÊ>Ê
iۈ`i˜Vˆ>ÊVˆi˜Ì‰vˆV>ʵÕiʏiÃÊ>ÌÀˆLÕÞiÊiviV̜ÃÊ>`ÛiÀÜÃÊ
ÜLÀiÊiëiVˆiÃÊ>˜ˆ“>iÃÊiʈ˜VÕÜÊÜLÀiʏ>ÊÃ>Õ`ʅՇ
“>˜>]ʅ>ÃÌ>ʏi}>ÀÊi˜Ê>}՘œÃÊV>ÜÃÊ>ÊÃiÀÊV>Ì>œ}>`œÃÊ
Vœ“œÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ÃÊV>˜ViÀ‰}i˜œÃ]ÊÌiÀ>̜}j˜ˆVœÃÊÞÊ`ˆÃ‡
Àի̜ÀiÃÊ`iÊÈÃÌi“>Êi˜`œVÀˆ˜œ°Ê>Ê«Àœ…ˆLˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊÃÕÊ
ÕÜÊÃiÊiÃÌ>LiVˆÊVœ˜ÊViÀV>Ê`iÊÛiˆ˜ÌiÊ>šœÃÊ`iÊ`ˆviÀi˜‡
Vˆ>Êi˜ÌÀiÊ«>‰ÃiÃÊVœ“œÊÃÌ>`œÃÊ1˜ˆ`œÃÊÞÊ
œœ“Lˆ>ÊQ£R°
˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>]ÊiÊÌi“>ʅ>Ê`iëiÀÌ>`œÊiëiVˆ>Êˆ˜ÌiÀjÃÊ
i˜ÊœÃÊ֏̈“œÃÊ>šœÃÊ`iLˆ`œÊ>ʏ>Ê«œj“ˆV>Ê}i˜iÀ>`>Ê
>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iʏ>ʈ˜ˆVˆ>̈Û>Ê`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ“i`ˆ>˜ÌiÊ
Vœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊViÀV>Ê`iÊ£ÇÊ̜˜i>`>ÃÊ`iʏœÃÊ
«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊïÊ*>À>̈œ˜ÊÞÊ/œÝ>vi˜œÊ«ÀœÛi˜ˆi˜ÌiÃÊ
`iÊVœÀÀi}ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
>À>VœVˆÌœÊi˜ÊiÊ
iÃ>À]Êi˜ÊœÃÊ
…œÀ˜œÃÊ`iʏ>ÊVœ“«>š‰>ÊVi“i˜ÌiÀ>ʜVˆ“Ê
œœ“Lˆ>Ê
-°°ÊÕLˆV>`>Êi˜Ê œLÃ>Ê­œÞ>V?®]Ê>Êvˆ˜>iÃÊ`iÊ>šœÊ
ÓääΰʏÊVœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ«œÀÊ
`iVˆÃˆ˜Ê`iÊˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ`iʓLˆi˜Ìi]Ê6ˆÛˆi˜`>ÊÞÊ
iÃ>ÀÀœœÊ/iÀÀˆÌœÀˆ>Ê«ÀiÌi˜`‰>ÊÃiÀۈÀÊVœ“œÊ«ÀÕiL>Ê
«ˆœÌœÊ«>À>ʏ>Ê«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊ`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê“i`ˆ>˜ÌiÊiÃÌiÊ
“j̜`œÊ`iÊViÀV>Ê`iÊ£ÈäÊ̜˜i>`>Ãʓ?Ã]Ê«ÀiÃi˜ÌiÃÊi˜Ê
iÃÌiÊVœÀÀi}ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊQÎR°
˜ÊiÊV>ÜÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʵÕiÊ«œÀʏ>Ê`i}À>`>Vˆ˜ÊµÕiÊ
…>˜ÊÃÕvÀˆ`œÊi˜ÊÃÕÊiÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>ʘœÊ«Õi`i˜ÊÃiÀÊṎˆâ>`œÃÊ
ÞÊ«œÀÊÌ>˜ÌœÊÃiÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>˜ÊVœ“œÊœL܏i̜Ã]ʏ>Ê}À>˜Ê
-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ʏ>Ê`iȘvœÀ“>Vˆ˜]ÊiÊ“>˜iœÊ«œ‰ÌˆVœÊ
`>`œÊ>ʏ>ÊÈÌÕ>Vˆ˜ÊÞʏ>ÊvÕiÀÌiʜ«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê`iʏ>Ê«œL>‡
Vˆ˜Êˆ“«ˆ`ˆiÀœ˜ÊµÕiÊÃiʏiÛ>À>Ê>ÊV>LœÊiÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜Ìœ]Ê
REVISTADEINGENIERÓA
«œÀʏœÊVÕ>ÊœÃʅ>LˆÌ>˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ
iÃ>ÀÊ`iLˆiÀœ˜ÊVœ˜Ìˆ‡
˜Õ>ÀÊVœ˜ÊœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊi˜ÊÃÕÊÌiÀÀˆÌœÀˆœ]ʅ>ÃÌ>ÊVÕ>˜`œÊ
vˆ˜>“i˜ÌiÊiÃ̜Ãʓ>ÌiÀˆ>iÃÊvÕiÀœ˜Êi˜Ûˆ>`œÃÊ>ÊiÝÌi‡
ÀˆœÀÊ«>À>ÊÃÕʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜ÊQ{R°
ÃÌiÊ̈«œÊ`iÊÈÌÕ>Vˆœ˜iÃʅ>ʏiÛ>`œÊ>Ê>…œ˜`>ÀÊÜLÀiʏ>Ê
Ài>ˆ`>`Ê`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>]ʏ>ÃÊ
Vœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊÃÕÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜Ìœ]ÊiÊVœ˜œVˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
Ài>ÊµÕiÊÃiÊ̈i˜iÊ>ViÀV>Ê`iʏ>ʓ>}˜ˆÌÕ`Ê`iÊ«ÀœLi“>Ê
Þʏ>ÃÊ>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÃÊ`iÊ܏ÕVˆ˜ÊµÕiÊ̈i˜iÊiÊ«>‰Ã]ÊVœ˜Ãˆ‡
`iÀ>˜`œÊ>ÃÊV>À>VÌiÀ‰Ã̈V>ÃÊ`iÊiÃ̜ÃÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ð
0! . / 2 ! - ! . ! # ) / . ! ,
˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>]ÊÃi}֘Ê`>̜ÃÊ`iÊˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ`iÊiÊ>VÕiÀ‡
`œÊˆ˜ÌiÀ˜>Vˆœ˜>°
!,-!#%.%3!#!2'/$%,-).)34%2)/$%,!02/
4%##)».3/#)!,
ÃÌiʓˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ>“>Vi˜>Êi˜Ê`ˆviÀi˜ÌiÃʈ˜ÃÌ>>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ
>ʏœÊ>À}œÊ`iÊ«>‰ÃÊViÀV>Ê`iÊÓääÊ̜˜i>`>ÃÊ`iÊ/Ê
&IGURA$$4ALMACENADOENBODEGASDEL-INISTERIODE
LA0ROTECCIØN3OCIALEN"OGOTÈ
}À>`œÊÌjV˜ˆVœÊ­ˆVœÀœÊ`ˆvi˜ˆÊÌÀˆVœÀœiÌ>˜œÊ>ÊÇx¯®]Ê
«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÊVÕޜÊÕÜÊVœ“i˜âÊ>ʘˆÛiÊ
“Õ˜`ˆ>Êi˜ÊiÊ>šœÊ£™{ÎÊÞÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊVÕ>ÊÃiʅ>˜Ê
ÜÃÌi˜ˆ`œÊvÕiÀÌiÃÊ`iL>ÌiðÊ-iʅ>ÊVœ“«ÀœL>`œÊÃÕÊ«œ‡
Ìi˜Vˆ>Ê`iÊLˆœ>VՓՏ>Vˆ˜ÊÞʓ>}˜ˆvˆV>Vˆ˜Ê>ÊÌÀ>ÛjÃÊ
`iÊV>`i˜>ÃÊÌÀvˆV>Ã]ÊÃÕÊ«iÀÈÃÌi˜Vˆ>Êi˜ÊiÊ“i`ˆœÊ>“‡
Lˆi˜ÌiÊÞÊÃÕÃÊiviV̜ÃÊÜLÀiʏ>ÊÀi«Àœ`ÕVVˆ˜Êi˜Ê>}՘>ÃÊ
iëiVˆiÃÊ`iÊ>ÛiÃ]ÊȘʵÕiÊÃiʅ>Þ>ÊVœ“«ÀœL>`œÊ>}֘Ê
̈«œÊ`iÊiviV̜ÊV>˜ViÀ‰}i˜œÊœÊ`ˆÃÀի̜ÀÊ`iÊÈÃÌi“>Ê
i˜`œVÀˆ˜œÊÜLÀiʅՓ>˜œÃ°Ê-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ÊiÃÊ՘>Ê`iʏ>ÃÊ
…iÀÀ>“ˆi˜Ì>Ãʓ?ÃÊiwV>ViÃÊi˜Ê>ʏÕV…>ÊVœ˜ÌÀ>ʏ>ʓ>>Àˆ>]Ê
i˜viÀ“i`>`ʵÕiÊV>ÕÃ>ʏ>ʓÕiÀÌiÊ`iÊViÀV>Ê`iÊÓ°Çʓˆœ‡
˜iÃÊ`iÊ«iÀܘ>ÃÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊ“Õ˜`œÊV>`>Ê>šœÊQ£]xR°
-ÕÊÕÜÊvÕiÊ«Àœ…ˆLˆ`œÊi˜ÊÃÌ>`œÃÊ1˜ˆ`œÃÊi˜Ê£™ÇÓ°Ê
˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>]ÊiÊ
Êi˜Ê£™nÈÊÀiÃÌÀˆ˜}ˆÊÃÕÊÕÜÊ>Ê
V>“«>š>ÃÊ`iÊÃ>Õ`Ê«ÖLˆV>ÊVœ˜ÌÀ>ʏ>ʓ>>Àˆ>Æʅ>ÃÌ>Ê
µÕiÊi˜ÊiÊ>šœÊ£™™Î]ÊiÊi˜Ìœ˜ViÃʈ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ`iÊ->Õ`Ê
«Àœ…ˆLˆÊÃÕʈ“«œÀÌ>Vˆ˜]ÊvœÀ“Տ>Vˆ˜]Ê«Àœ`ÕVVˆ˜]Ê
Vœ“iÀVˆ>ˆâ>Vˆ˜ÊÞÊÕÜ]Êvˆ>˜`œÊ՘Ê>šœÊVœ“œÊ«>âœÊ
«>À>ÊiÊÀïÀœÊ`ivˆ˜ˆÌˆÛœÊ`iÊiÃÌiÊ«Àœ`ÕV̜°Ê-ˆ˜Êi“L>À‡
}œ]ÊiÃiʓˆÃ“œÊ>šœ]ʏ>Êi˜Ìˆ`>`ʅ>L‰>Ê>`µÕˆÀˆ`œÊ՘>Ê
V>˜Ìˆ`>`ÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>LiÊ`iÊiÃÌiÊ«Àœ`ÕV̜ʵÕiÊ>˜Ìiʏ>Ê
«Àœ…ˆLˆVˆ˜Ê`iLˆÊÃiÀÊ>“>Vi˜>`œÊQÈR°Ê
ÃÌ>ÊV>˜Ìˆ`>`Ê`iÊ/ÊÃiÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>Ê>VՓՏ>`>Êi˜ÊÃÕÊ
“>ޜÀ‰>Êi˜ÊLœ`i}>ÃÊÕLˆV>`>ÃÊi˜Êœ}œÌ?ÊÞʜ˜`>Êi˜Ê
iÊ`i«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊ`iÊ/œˆ“>]ÊÀi«œÀÌ?˜`œÃiÊV>˜Ìˆ`>`iÃÊ
“i˜œÀiÃÊi˜Ê
>ÀÌ>}i˜>]ʘ̈œµÕˆ>ÊÞÊÕ>ˆ˜‰>°Ê
˜ÊiÊ>šœÊÓää£]ʏ>Êivi˜ÃœÀ‰>Ê`iÊ*ÕiLœÊi˜ÊÃÕÊ
,i܏ÕVˆ˜Êº1Ü]Ê>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊÞÊ`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê
ˆ˜>`iVÕ>`œÊ`iÊ«>}ՈVˆ`>ûʫÀiÃi˜Ì>ÊiÊÀiÃՏÌ>‡
`œÊ`iÊۈÈÌ>ÃÊÀi>ˆâ>`>ÃÊ>Ê>}՘œÃÊ`iʏœÃÊÈ̈œÃÊ`iÊ
>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ/ÊÀiVœ˜œVˆ`œÃÊi˜ÊiÊ«>‰Ã°Ê
˜ÊiÃÌ>ÃÊۈÈÌ>Ã]ʏiÛ>`>ÃÊ>ÊV>LœÊi˜Ê>ÃÊLœ`i}>ÃÊ`iÊ
œ˜`>ÊÞʜ}œÌ?]ʏœÃÊv՘Vˆœ˜>ÀˆœÃÊi˜Vœ˜ÌÀ>Àœ˜ÊVœ˜‡
`ˆVˆœ˜iÃʓÕÞÊ`iwVˆi˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜Ìœ]ÊÌ>iÃÊ
Vœ“œÊiÝ«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Ê>ʏ>ʏÕۈ>]ÊÛi˜Ìˆ>Vˆ˜Ê
ˆ˜ÃÕwVˆi˜Ìi]ʓ>˜ˆ«Õ>Vˆ˜Êˆ˜>`iVÕ>`>Ê«œÀÊ«>ÀÌiÊ`iÊ
«iÀܘ>Êi˜V>À}>`œ]ÊÀiÈ`՜ÃÊvÕiÀ>Ê`iʏœÃÊÀiVˆ«ˆi˜ÌiÃ]Ê
ÀiVˆ«ˆi˜ÌiÃʘœÊ>«Àœ«ˆ>`œÃÊVœ“œÊV>>ÃÊ`iÊV>À̝˜ÊÀœÌ>ÃÊ
Þ]ÊiëiV‰wV>“i˜ÌiÊi˜ÊiÊV>ÜÊ`iʜ˜`>]ʏ>ÊLœ`i}>ÊÃiÊ
i˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>ʓÕÞÊViÀV>Ê`iʏ>Ê«>˜Ì>Ê`iÊ«œÌ>Lˆˆâ>Vˆ˜Ê
`iÊ>}Õ>Ê`iÊ“Õ˜ˆVˆ«ˆœ°ÊœÃÊÈ̈œÃÊ`iÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Êi˜Ê
>ÀÌ>}i˜>]ʘ̈œµÕˆ>ÊÞÊÕ>ˆ˜‰>ʘœÊ
vÕiÀœ˜ÊۈÈÌ>`œÃ]Ê«œÀʏœÊµÕiÊÃiÊ`iÃVœ˜œViÊÃÕÊÈÌÕ>Vˆ˜°
i`ˆ>˜Ìiʏ>ÊÀi܏ÕVˆ˜Ê`ivi˜ÃœÀˆ>Ê œÊ䣣Ê`iÊÓää£]Ê
iÃÌ>ʈ˜Ã̈ÌÕVˆ˜ÊœÀ`i˜Ê>Êˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ`iÊ->Õ`Ê̜“>ÀÊ
>Ãʓi`ˆ`>ÃÊ«iÀ̈˜i˜ÌiÃÊ«>À>ÊÀi>ˆâ>ÀÊiÊ>“>Vi˜>‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÊ>«Àœ«ˆ>`œÊ`iÊ/]ʈ˜VÕÞi˜`œÊÃÕÊÀii˜Û>Ã>‡
`œ]ÊïµÕiÌ>`œÊÞÊ>`iVÕ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʏ>Ãʈ˜ÃÌ>>Vˆœ˜iÃÊi˜Ê
VÕ>˜ÌœÊ>ʈÕ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜]ÊÛi˜Ìˆ>Vˆ˜ÊÞÊÃiš>ˆâ>Vˆ˜°ÊV‡
ÌÕ>“i˜Ìi]ÊiÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Ê`i«œÃˆÌ>`œÊi˜Ê>ÃÊLœ`i}>ÃÊ`iÊ
œ}œÌ?ÊÞʜ˜`>ÊVœ˜Ìˆ˜Ö>Ê>‰]Ê>՘µÕiÊ>…œÀ>ÊÕLˆV>`œÊ
i˜ÊV>˜iV>ÃÊ«?Ã̈V>ÃÊ`iLˆ`>“i˜ÌiÊÃi>`>ÃÊÞÊïµÕiÌ>‡
`>ÃÊi˜ÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ>`iVÕ>`>ÃÊ`iÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜Ìœ]Ê>Ê
>ÊiëiÀ>Ê`iÊÀiVÕÀÜÃÊÃÕvˆVˆi˜ÌiÃÊ«>À>ÊÃÕÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
œÊ`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Êvˆ˜>Ê­ˆ}ÕÀ>Ê£®°
%.4)%22/3$%0%34)#)$!3
œÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊV>`ÕV>`œÃÊÕʜL܏i̜ÃʵÕiÊÃiÊi˜‡
VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Êi˜ÌiÀÀ>`œÃÊi˜ÊiÊÌiÀÀˆÌœÀˆœÊ˜>Vˆœ˜>]ÊܘÊ
iÝVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ>µÕiœÃÊṎˆâ>`œÃÊ`ÕÀ>˜ÌiʓÕV…œÃÊ
>šœÃÊi˜ÊVՏ̈ۜÃʵÕiʏœÃÊÀiµÕiÀ‰>˜Ê«>À>ʓ>˜Ìi˜iÀÊ
ÃÕÊ«Àœ`ÕV̈ۈ`>`°Ê՘µÕiʘœÊÃiÊ̈i˜iÊ՘>ÊiÃÌ>`‰Ã‡
̈V>ÊÀi>ÊÜLÀiʏœÃÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃʵÕiÊ«Õi`i˜Êi݈Ã̈ÀÊi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>]ʏœÃÊ`iÃVÕLÀˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÀi>ˆâ>`œÃÊ>«Õ˜Ì>˜Ê
>ʵÕiÊjÃ̜ÃÊ«ÀœÛˆi˜i˜Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ`iÊVՏ̈ۜÊ`iÊ
>}œ`˜ÊÞ]Ê«œÀÊÌ>˜Ìœ]Ê«Õi`iÊiëiÀ>ÀÃiʵÕiÊÃiÊVœ˜Vi˜‡
ÌÀi˜Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊi˜Ê>Ê✘>ʘœÀÌiÊ`iÊ
œœ“Lˆ>]Ê
iëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊi˜ÊiÊ`i«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
iÃ>À°
iÃ`iÊ£™xÎ]ÊiÃÌiÊ`i«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊˆ˜ˆVˆÊÃÕÊ>V̈ۈ`>`Ê
>}œ`œ˜iÀ>ÊVœ˜ÊVՏ̈ۜÃÊÕLˆV>`œÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ
i˜ÊœÃʓ՘ˆVˆ«ˆœÃÊ`iÊ
œ«iÞ]ʓ?ÃÊiëiV‰vˆV>“i˜ÌiÊ
i˜ÊiÊVœÀÀi}ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
>À>VœˆÌœ]ÊÞÊi˜Ê
œ`>ââˆ]Ê
VˆÕ`>`ÊVœ˜œVˆ`>ÊVœ“œÊ>ÊV>«ˆÌ>ÊL>˜V>Ê`iÊ
œœ“Lˆ>°Ê
ÊÕÜÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊi˜ÊiÃ̜ÃÊVՏ̈ۜÃÊvÕiʈ˜Ìi˜ÃˆÛœÊ
…>ÃÌ>Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«ˆœÃÊ`iʏ>Ê`jV>`>Ê`iʏœÃʘœÛi˜Ì>]Êi˜Ê>Ê
VÕ>]Êi˜ÌÀiʜÌÀ>ÃÊÀ>✘iÃ]ʏ>Ê>«>ÀˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊ}ÕÃ>˜œÊ
LiœÌiÀœÊV>ÕÝÊ՘>ÊVÀˆÃˆÃÊi˜ÊiÊÃiV̜À]Ê`ˆÃ“ˆ˜ÕÞi˜`œÊ
iÊ?Ài>ÊÃi“LÀ>`>ÊÞÊ`i>˜`œÊiÝVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
ȘÊṎˆ`>`ÊQÇR°
˜Ê£™™xÊi˜Ê
œ`>ââˆ]ʏÕi}œÊµÕiÊ}À>˜Ê«>ÀÌiÊ`iʏœÃÊ
ÌÀiÃVˆi˜ÌœÃÊiÃÌÕ`ˆ>˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ˜Ã̈ÌÕ̜Ê/jV˜ˆVœÊ}Àœ‡
«iVÕ>ÀˆœÊ˜Ìœ˜ˆœÊ>œÊ>v>ÕÀˆiÊ«ÀiÃi˜Ì>À>˜Êɘ̜“>ÃÊ
`iʈ˜ÌœÝˆV>Vˆ˜Ê«œÀÊ«>}ՈVˆ`>Ã]ÊÃiÊ`iÃVÕLÀˆiÀœ˜Ê“?ÃÊ
`iÊÃiÌi˜Ì>ÊV>˜iV>ÃÊ`iÊïÊ*>À>̈˜]Ê̈Ê*>À>̈˜]Ê
˜`œÃՏv>˜]ÊÀÃi˜ˆ>̜Ê`iÊ«œ“œÊÞÊ/Êi˜ÌiÀÀ>`>ÃÊL>œÊ
>Ãʈ˜ÃÌ>>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊVœi}ˆœÊQÈR°Ê
ÊïÊÞÊ̈Ê*>À>̈˜ÊܘʫiÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œvœÃvœ‡
À>`œÃÊ>Ì>“i˜ÌiÊ̝݈VœÃ]Ê>ÌiÀ>˜ÊiÊv՘Vˆœ˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
˜œÀ“>Ê`iÊˆ“«ÕÃœÊ˜iÀۈœÃœÊ>Êˆ˜…ˆLˆÀʏ>ÊVœˆ˜iÇ
ÌiÀ>Ã>]ʓˆi˜ÌÀ>ÃʵÕiÊiÊ˜`œÃՏv>˜ÊiÃÊ՘ÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜Ê
œÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÊVœ˜Ê՘Ê}À>`œÊ`iÊ̜݈Vˆ`>`ʈ}Õ>“i˜ÌiÊ
>Ìœ]ÊVÕޜÊÕÜÊvÕiÊÀiÃÌÀˆ˜}ˆ`œÊi˜Ê£™™ÎÊ֘ˆV>“i˜ÌiÊ>Ê
œÃÊVՏ̈ۜÃÊ`iÊV>vjÊÞÊ«Àœ…ˆLˆ`œÊ`iʓ>˜iÀ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆÌˆÛ>Ê
i˜ÊiÊ«>‰ÃÊi˜ÊiÊ>šœÊÓä䣰Ê-i}֘Êi“«i>`œÃÊ`iʏ>Êi‡
`iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê >Vˆœ˜>Ê`iʏ}œ`œ˜iÀœÃ]Êi˜Ìˆ`>`Êi˜V>À}>‡
`>Ê`iÊ“>˜iœÊ`iʈ˜ÃՓœÃÊ«>À>ÊiÃÌiÊÃiV̜À]ʏœÃÊÀiÃ̜ÃÊ
`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊi“«iâ>Àœ˜Ê>Êi˜ÌiÀÀ>ÀÃiÊ`iÃ`iÊ£™ÈÎ]Êi˜Ê
REVISTADEINGENIERÓA
ÌiÀÀi˜œÃÊ`iÊ“Õ˜ˆVˆ«ˆœÊ`iÊ
œ`>ââˆ]Ê«œÀʏœÊµÕiÊiÃÊ`iÊ
ÃÕ«œ˜iÀʵÕiʏ>ÊVÀˆÃˆÃÊi˜ÊiÊÃiV̜Àʏi۝Ê>Ê>Փi˜Ì>ÀÊ
iÃ̜ÃÊ`i«ÃˆÌœÃÊ`iʓ>˜iÀ>ÊÈ}˜ˆvˆV>̈Û>ÊQÇR°
Ê…>>â}œÊ`iÊiÃÌiÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÊi۝Ê>Ê
",*"
-,Ê>Ê
Vœ˜ÌÀ>Ì>ÀÊ՘ÊiÃÌÕ`ˆœÊ«>À>ÊiÃÌ>LiViÀʜÌÀœÃʏÕ}>ÀiÃÊ`œ˜‡
`iÊ«œÃˆLi“i˜ÌiÊÃiÊi˜Vœ˜ÌÀ>L>˜Ê`i«ÃˆÌœÃÊ>`ˆVˆœ˜>iðÊ
>ÊvˆÀ“>Êi˜V>À}>`>ÊÃiš>ÊÌÀiÃÊÈ̈œÃʓ?ÃÊÞÊÀi>ˆâÊ
iÊ`ˆÃišœÊ`iÊ՘ÊÀii˜œÊ«>À>ÊiÃÌiÊ̈«œÊ`iÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ðÊ
-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ʏœÃÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃÊ«iÀ“>˜iVi˜Êi˜ÊiÊÕ}>ÀÊ
ˆ˜ˆVˆ>]Ê«œÃˆLi“i˜ÌiÊV>ÕÃ>˜`œÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê>ʏ>ÃÊ
>}Õ>ÃÊÃÕLÌiÀÀ?˜i>ÃÊÞÊ>ʏ>ÃÊvÕi˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ>}Õ>ÊÃÕ«iÀvˆ‡
Vˆ>Ê`iʏ>Ê✘>°
`i“?ÃÊ`iʏœÃÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃʅ>>`œÃÊi˜Ê
œ`>ââˆ]ÊÃiÊi˜‡
Vœ˜ÌÀ>Àœ˜ÊÀiÃ̜ÃÊ`iÊ`ˆviÀi˜ÌiÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊi˜ÊÌiÀÀi˜œÃÊ
«iÀÌi˜iVˆi˜ÌiÃÊ>ʏ>Êi`iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê >Vˆœ˜>Ê`iʏ}œ`œ‡
˜iÀœÃÊÕLˆV>`œÃÊi˜Ê
>ÀÌ>}i˜>]Ê`ÕÀ>˜ÌiÊiÝV>Û>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ
Ài>ˆâ>`>ÃÊ«œÀÊ
",66 Êi˜ÊiÊ«ÀœViÜÊ`iÊ
Vœ˜ÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜Ê`iÊۈۈi˜`>Ê`iʈ˜ÌiÀjÃÊÜVˆ>°Ê-iʈ`i˜Ìˆ‡
vˆV>Àœ˜ÊïÊÞÊ̈Ê*>À>̈˜]ʏ`À‰˜]ʘ`À‰˜]ʈi`À‰˜Ê
ÞÊ/Êi˜ÌÀiʜÌÀœÃÊQnR°
>Liʓi˜Vˆœ˜>ÀʵÕiʏ>Ê>VՓՏ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
œL܏i̜ÃÊ«œÀÊ«>ÀÌiÊ`iÊÃiV̜ÀÊ>}œ`œ˜iÀœÊ˜œÊÃiÊ`ˆœÊ
֘ˆV>“i˜ÌiÊi˜ÊvœÀ“>Ê`iÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃÆÊÞ>ʵÕiÊVœ“œÊ
Ãiʓi˜Vˆœ˜Ê`iʓ>˜iÀ>Ê«Àiۈ>]ʏœÃʅ>LˆÌ>˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ
VœÀÀi}ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
>À>VœˆÌœÊi˜ÊiÊ“Õ˜ˆVˆ«ˆœÊ`iÊ
A×O
PA Ó S D E O R I G E N œ«iÞÊ`iLˆiÀœ˜ÊVœ˜ÛˆÛˆÀÊVœ˜ÊViÀV>Ê`iÊ£ÈäÊ̜˜i>`>ÃÊ
`iÊïÊ*>À>̈œ˜]Ê/œÝ>vi˜œÊÞÊi`i“ïÊ`ÕÀ>˜ÌiÊÈiÌiÊ
>šœÃʏÕi}œÊµÕiÊjÃÌ>ÃÊvÕiÀ>˜ÊÌÀ>Ï>`>`>ÃÊ`iÃ`iÊ>‡
ÀÀ>˜µÕˆ>ÊQ™R]Ê>ÊVՓ«ˆÀÊ՘>ʜÀ`i˜Êˆ“«>À̈`>Ê«œÀÊ
>Ê
œÀ«œÀ>Vˆ˜ÊÕ̝˜œ“>Ê,i}ˆœ˜>Ê`iÊ̏?˜ÌˆVœÊ>Ê
>Êi`iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê >Vˆœ˜>Ê`iʏ}œ`œ˜iÀœÃ°ÊiëÕjÃÊ`iÊ
ÈiÌiÊ>šœÃÊ`iÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊˆ˜>`iVÕ>`œ]Êi˜ÊiÊµÕiÊ
ÃiÊÃÕÃÌÀ>iÀœ˜ÊÛ>Àˆ>ÃÊV>˜iV>ÃÊ`iÊiÃ̜ÃÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜Ã]Ê
Ãi}֘ʏœÊVœ˜ÃÌ>̝ʏ>Êivi˜ÃœÀ‰>Ê`iÊ*ÕiLœ]ʏœÃÊ«iÇ
̈Vˆ`>ÃÊvÕiÀœ˜ÊÀii˜Û>Ã>`œÃÊÞÊi˜Ûˆ>`œÃÊ>ÊiÝÌiÀˆœÀÊ«>À>Ê
ÃÕʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜°
! ,4 % 2 . !4 ) 6! 3 $ % ' % 3 4 ) » .
œÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊܘÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃʵÕiʘœÊ
«Õi`i˜ÊÃiÀÊṎˆâ>`>ÃÊVœ˜ÊiÊvˆ˜Ê«>À>ÊiÊµÕiÊvÕiÀœ˜Ê
i>LœÀ>`>Ã]ʘˆÊÀiÃՏÌ>˜Ê>«ÀœÛiV…>LiÃÊ«>À>ʘˆ˜}֘Ê
œÌÀœÊ«Àœ«ÃˆÌœÆÊ«œÀʏœÊµÕiÊ«>À>ʏ>ÃÊViÀV>Ê`iÊxääÊ̜‡
˜i>`>ÃÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊV>`ÕV>`œÃʵÕiÊÃiÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Êi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>Ê`iLi˜ÊLÕÃV>ÀÃiÊ>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÃÊÌiV˜œ}ˆV>ÃÊ
>`iVÕ>`>ÃÊ`iÃ`iÊiÊ«Õ˜ÌœÊ`iÊۈÃÌ>Ê>“Lˆi˜Ì>°
1˜>Ê>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÊÛ?ˆ`>]Ê«iÀœÊ˜œÊ`ivˆ˜ˆÌˆÛ>Ê«>À>ÊiÊ
«ÀœLi“>Ê`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜Ã]ÊiÃÊÃÕÊ>“>Vi˜>‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÊ>ʏ>À}œÊ«>âœÊQ£äRÊ`iʓ>˜iÀ>ÊVœ˜ÌÀœ>`>]Êi˜Ê
Õ}>ÀiÃÊiëiV‰vˆV>“i˜ÌiÊ`iÃ̈˜>`œÃÊ«>À>ÊÌ>Êvˆ˜]ÊVՓ‡
«ˆi˜`œÊVœ˜Ê>ÃÊiëiVˆvˆV>Vˆœ˜iÃÊÌjV˜ˆV>ÃÊ`ivˆ˜ˆ`>ÃÊ
PESTICIDA
CANTIDADTONELADAS
£™™£
‰}iÀ
ˆi`À‰˜
Èä
£™™Î
1}>˜`>
ˆi`À‰˜
xä
£™™Î
>`>}>ÃV>À
ˆi`À‰˜
Çä
£™™{
œâ>“LˆµÕi
/
£Èä
£™™x
/>˜â>˜ˆ>
iâV>Ã
Ónä
£™™È
9i“i˜
iâV>Ã
ÓÈä
£™™n
>“>ˆV>
iâV>Ç/
n
£™™™
ˆV>À>}Õ>
iâV>Ã
{ÎÇ
£™™™
œ˜`ÕÀ>Ã
iâV>Ã
£äÎ
4ABLA2EFERENCIASDELAINCINERACIØNYOCOPROCESAMIENTODEPESTICIDASOBSOLETOSPROVENIENTESDE«FRICA
!MÏRICA#ENTRALYEL#ARIBE;=
«œÀʏ>Ê"]ʅ>ÃÌ>ʵÕiÊiÊ«>‰ÃÊVÕi˜ÌiÊVœ˜ÊœÃÊÀiVÕÀÜÃÊ
˜iViÃ>ÀˆœÃ]ÊLˆi˜ÊÃi>Ê`iÊ̈«œÊÌiV˜œ}ˆVœÊœÊvˆ˜>˜VˆiÀœ]Ê
«>À>ÊÀi>ˆâ>ÀÊ՘ÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊµÕiÊVœ˜`ÕâV>Ê>ÊÃÕÊ
iˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`ivˆ˜ˆÌˆÛ>°ÊÃÌ>Ê>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>]Ê>Êˆ}Õ>Ê
µÕiÊVÕ>µÕˆiÀʜÌÀ>Ê«>˜Ìi>`>]ÊÀiµÕˆiÀiÊ`iʏ>ÊÀi>ˆ‡
â>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ՘ʈ˜Ûi˜Ì>ÀˆœÊµÕiÊ`iÌ>iʏ>ÃÊV>˜Ìˆ`>`iÃÊ
Ài>iÃ]ÊÕLˆV>Vˆ˜]ÊiÃÌ>`œÊÞÊ̈«œÊ`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ðÊ
`i“?Ã]Ê`i“>˜`>ʏ>Ê>È}˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊÀiVÕÀÜÃÊÃÕwVˆi˜ÌiÃÊ
«>À>ʏ>Ê>`iVÕ>Vˆ˜]ÊVœ˜ÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜ÊÞʓ>˜Ìi˜ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏœÃÊ
È̈œÃÊ`iÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊµÕi]Ê«œÀʏ>ÃÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃʘiVi‡
Ã>Àˆ>ÃÊ«>À>ÊiÃÌiÊ̈«œÊ`iÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜Ã]Ê«Õi`i˜ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>ÀÊ
VœÃ̜ÃÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>Lið
ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÃÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊÌi˜`ˆi˜ÌiÃÊ>ʏ>Êiˆ“ˆ‡
˜>Vˆ˜Ê̜Ì>Ê`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊVœ˜Ìi“«>˜ÊiÊÕÜÊ
`iÊÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>iÃ]ÊÌ>iÃÊVœ“œÊœÃÊ«ÀœViÜÃÊ
`iÊ`iÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜ÊÌjÀ“ˆV>ÊÞÊÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊi“iÀ}i˜ÌiÃÊ
µÕiʈ˜VÕÞi˜ÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÃʵՉ“ˆVœÃʜÀˆi˜Ì>`œÃÊ>Ê
ÃÕÊVœ˜ÛiÀȝ˜Êi˜ÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜Ãʓi˜œÃÊ̝݈VœÃ]ÊVÕÞ>Ê
«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜ÊÃi>Ê«œÃˆLiʓi`ˆ>˜Ìiʓj̜`œÃÊ
Vœ˜Ûi˜Vˆœ˜>iÃÊVœ“œÊœÃÊ`iÊ̈«œÊLˆœ}ˆVœ°
>Ã>`œÃÊi˜ÊiÊÕÜÊ`iÊÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>iÃ]ʏ>Êiˆ‡
“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Ãʅ>ÊÈ`œÊÀi>ˆâ>`>Ê>“«ˆ>“i˜‡
Ìiʓi`ˆ>˜Ìiʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜°Ê˜ÊiÃÌiÊ«ÀœViÜÊÃiÊܓiÌiÊ
>ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>Ê>ÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀ>ÃÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀiÃÊ>ʏœÃÊÇääc
]Ê
`>˜`œÊVœ“œÊÀiÃՏÌ>`œÊݏˆ`œÃʈ˜Vœ“LÕÃ̈LiÃʏ>‡
“>`œÃÊVi˜ˆâ>ÃÊÞÊ}>ÃiÃÊ`iÊV…ˆ“i˜i>ÊVœ“œÊ`ˆÝˆ`œÊ`iÊ
V>ÀLœ˜œÊÞÊ>}Õ>°Ê՘µÕiʏ>ÊivˆVˆi˜Vˆ>Ê`iÊiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê
i˜Ê՘ʫÀœViÜÊÀi>ˆâ>`œÊi˜ÊvœÀ“>Ê>`iVÕ>`>Ê}i˜iÀ>‡
“i˜ÌiÊÃÕ«iÀ>ÊiÊ™™¯]Ê>Ìi˜`ˆi˜`œÊ>ʏ>ÃÊV>À>VÌiÀ‰Ã̈V>ÃÊ
µÕ‰“ˆV>ÃÊ`iʏ>ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>Ê>ÊÌÀ>Ì>À]Ê«Õi`i˜Ê«Àœ`ÕVˆÀÃiÊ
}>ÃiÃÊÞÊ«>À̉VՏ>ÃÊVœ˜Ê՘Ê}À>`œÊ`iÊ̜݈Vˆ`>`ʈ˜VÕÜÊ
“>ޜÀÊ>Ê`iʏ>ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ʜÀˆ}ˆ˜>°
>ʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ«iˆ}ÀœÃ>ÃÊ«Õi`iÊ
iviVÌÕ>ÀÃiÊi˜ÊiµÕˆ«œÃÊ`ˆÃiš>`œÃÊiëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊ«>À>Ê
iÃÌiÊ«Àœ«ÃˆÌœÊœ]Ê`iʓ>˜iÀ>Ê>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>]Ê«Õi`i˜Ê
Ài>ˆâ>ÀÃiÊi˜ÊVœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊṎˆâ>˜`œÊœÃʅœÀ˜œÃÊ
`iʏ>ʈ˜`ÕÃÌÀˆ>ÊVi“i˜ÌiÀ>ÊÞÊÈ`iÀÖÀ}ˆV>°Ê>ÃÊiÝ«i‡
Àˆi˜Vˆ>Ãʈ˜ÌiÀ˜>Vˆœ˜>iÃÊ`iÊiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
œL܏i̜Ãʓi`ˆ>˜Ìiʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê…>Vi˜ÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê
«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ>Ê«>‰ÃiÃÊ>vÀˆV>˜œÃÊÞÊVi˜ÌÀœ>“iÀˆV>˜œÃ]Ê
µÕiʓ>˜Ìˆi˜i˜Êi˜ÊÃÕÃÊÌiÀÀˆÌœÀˆœÃÊ}À>˜`iÃÊV>˜Ìˆ`>`iÃÊ
`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ðÊ>Ê/>L>ʣʫÀiÃi˜Ì>Ê>}՘œÃÊ>˜‡
ÌiVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iʏ>ʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜ÊÞɜÊVœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊV>`ÕV>`œÃÊ«ÀœÛi˜ˆi˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊvÀˆV>]ʓjÀˆV>Ê
i˜ÌÀ>ÊÞÊiÊ
>ÀˆLi°
œÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃʵÕiÊÃiÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Êi˜Ê
œ‡
œ“Lˆ>]ÊܘÊi˜ÊÃÕʓ>ޜÀ‰>Ê`iÊ̈«œÊœÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`œÊ
­ÌˆÊÞÊïÊ«>À>̈œ˜®ÊÞʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÊ­/]ʏ`À‰˜]Ê
˜`À‰˜]ʘ`œÃՏv>˜ÊÞÊ/œÝ>vi˜œ®°Ê>Êiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ
œÃÊ«Àˆ“iÀœÃʓi`ˆ>˜Ìiʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜ÊiÃÊۈ>LiÊÌjV‡
˜ˆV>“i˜ÌiÊÞÊÀiVœ“i˜`>LiÊ`iÃ`iÊiÊ«Õ˜ÌœÊ`iÊۈÃÌ>Ê
>“Lˆi˜Ì>]ÊÞ>ʵÕiÊÃiÊÌÀ>Ì>ÊÃiÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃʵÕiÊ>՘µÕiÊ
ÀiÃՏÌ>˜Ê>Ì>“i˜ÌiÊ̝݈V>ÃÊ«>À>ÊiÊÃiÀʅՓ>˜œ]Ê>ÊÃiÀÊ
ܓï`>ÃÊ>ÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊÌjÀ“ˆVœÊ«Õi`i˜ÊVœ˜ÛiÀ̈ÀÃiÊ
i˜Ê}>ÃiÃÊÞÊVi˜ˆâ>Ãʈ˜iÀÌið
>ʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃÊiÝVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
œÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃÊÀiµÕˆiÀiÊ`iÊ՘Ê>˜?ˆÃˆÃʓ?ÃÊ«Àœv՘‡
`œ]ÊÞ>ʵÕiÊiÊVœÀœÊVœ˜Ìi˜ˆ`œÊi˜ÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ
«Õi`iÊVœ˜`ÕVˆÀÊ>ʏ>ÊvœÀ“>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ`ˆLi˜âœ`ˆœÝˆ˜>ÃÊ
ÞÊ`ˆLi˜âœvÕÀ>˜œÃÊ«œˆVœÀ>`œÃÊ`ÕÀ>˜ÌiÊiÊ«ÀœViÜÊ`iÊ
ˆ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜ÊQ£ÓR°ÊÃ̜ÃÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜Ã]ÊVœ˜œVˆ`œÃÊVœ“œÊ
`ˆœÝˆ˜>ÃÊÞÊvÕÀ>˜œÃ]ÊܘÊ>Ì>“i˜ÌiÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>˜ÌiÃÊÞÊ
«iÀÈÃÌi˜ÌiÃÊi˜ÊiÊ“i`ˆœÊ>“Lˆi˜Ìi]Ê«Õi`i˜Ê>viVÌ>ÀÊ
>ÊÃ>Õ`ʅՓ>˜>ʏi}>˜`œÊ>ÊV>ÕÃ>ÀÊ«ÀœLi“>ÃÊÀi«Àœ‡
`ÕV̈ۜÃÊÞÊ>ÌiÀ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊi˜ÊiÊÈÃÌi“>ʈ˜“Õ˜œ}ˆVœ]Ê
«œÀʏœÊµÕiʈ˜VÕÜʅ>˜Êi}>`œÊ>ÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ÀÃiÊVœ“œÊ
œÃÊ«iœÀiÃÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>˜ÌiÃÊ«Àœ`ÕVˆ`œÃÊ`iʓ>˜iÀ>ʘœÊ
ˆ˜Ìi˜Vˆœ˜>Ê«œÀÊiÊ…œ“LÀi°Ê-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ʏ>Ê`iÃÌÀÕV‡
Vˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ`iÊ̈«œÊœÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÊ“i`ˆ>˜ÌiÊ
ˆ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê«Õi`iÊÀi>ˆâ>ÀÃiÊÀi`ÕVˆi˜`œÊ>Ê«œÃˆLˆˆ`>`Ê
`iÊvœÀ“>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ`ˆœÝˆ˜>ÃÊÞÊvÕÀ>˜œÃʓi`ˆ>˜Ìiʏ>ʈ˜ÃÌ>‡
>Vˆ˜Êi˜ÊœÃÊiµÕˆ«œÃÊ`iʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʓiV>˜ˆÃ“œÃÊ
«>À>ÊiÊi˜vÀˆ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏœÃÊ}>ÃiÃÊ`iÊÃ>ˆ`>]Ê«iÀ“ˆÌˆi˜`œÊ
“œ`ˆwV>ÀÊiÊÀ>˜}œÊ`iÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀ>Êi˜ÊiÊµÕiỂ«ˆV>“i˜‡
ÌiÊÃiÊ`>ʏ>ÊvœÀ“>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊiÃ̜ÃÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ð
>`œÊµÕiÊiÊ«>‰ÃʘœÊVÕi˜Ì>ÊVœ˜Êˆ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>`œÀiÃÊ«>À>Ê
iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÃÊ}À>˜`iÃÊV>˜Ìˆ`>`iÃÊ`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊ
ÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃʵÕiÊi݈ÃÌi˜Êi˜ÊÃÕÊÌiÀÀˆÌœÀˆœ]ÊiÊˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ
`iʓLˆi˜Ìi]Ê6ˆÛˆi˜`>ÊÞÊiÃ>ÀÀœœÊ/iÀÀˆÌœÀˆ>Ê…>Ê
Vœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>`œÊVœ“œÊ>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>Ê«>À>ÊÀi>ˆâ>ÀÊiÊ«Àœ‡
ViÜÊ`iÊiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Êi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>ÊiÊÕÜÊ`iÊ…œÀ˜œÊ
Vi“i˜ÌiÀœÊ`iʏ>Ê
œ“«>š‰>ʜVˆ“Ê
œœ“Lˆ>Ê-°°Ê
REVISTADEINGENIERÓA
-ˆÊ>ÃÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊ«ÀœViÜÊÞÊiµÕˆ«œÊiëiVˆvˆV>‡
`>ÃÊÃiÊVՓ«i˜]ÊiÊÕÜÊ`iÊVœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ«Õi`iÊ
ÃiÀÊ՘>Ê>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>Êۈ>LiÊ«>À>ʏ>Ê`iÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃÊ
«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ`iÊ̈«œÊœÀ}>˜œ‡
vœÃvœÀ>`œ°ÊœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃ]Ê«œ`À‰>˜ÊÃiÀÊ
ˆ}Õ>“i˜Ìiʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>`œÃÊi˜ÊiÃÌiʅœÀ˜œ]Ê>Ìi˜`ˆi˜`œÊ>ÃÊ
«ÀiV>ÕVˆœ˜iÃÊ`iʓ>˜iœÊÀi>Vˆœ˜>`>ÃÊVœ˜ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ
`iÊ̈«œÊݏˆ`œÊÞÊ`>˜`œÊ«Õ˜ÌÕ>Ê>Ìi˜Vˆ˜Ê>ÊVՓ‡
«ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏœÃʏ‰“ˆÌiÃÊ`iÊi“ˆÃˆ˜Ê`iÊ`ˆœÝˆ˜>ÃÊÞÊ
vÕÀ>˜œÃ°Ê-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ÊÌi˜ˆi˜`œÊi˜ÊVÕi˜Ì>ʏœÃÊÀˆiÃ}œÃÊ
>“Lˆi˜Ì>iÃÊ>ÜVˆ>`œÃÊ>Ê«ÀœViÜ]ʏ>Ê"ÊÀiVœ“ˆi˜`>Ê
µÕiÊiÊÕÜÊ`iʏœÃʅœÀ˜œÃÊVi“i˜ÌiÀœÃÊ«>À>ÊiÃÌiÊvˆ˜Ê˜œÊ
ÃiÊ`jÊi˜ÊvœÀ“>ÊVœ˜Ìˆ˜Õ>ÊÞÊ«Àœœ˜}>`>]ÊȘœÊµÕiÊÃiÊ
iviVÌÖiÊ`iʓ>˜iÀ>ʜV>Ȝ˜>°
`i“?ÃÊ`iʏœÃÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÌjÀ“ˆVœÃʵÕiÊ«œÌi˜Vˆ>‡
“i˜ÌiÊ«Õi`iÊ}i˜iÀ>ÀÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊ>Ì>“i˜ÌiÊVœ˜Ì>‡
“ˆ˜>˜ÌiÃ]ÊiëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊi˜ÊiÊV>ÜÊ`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
œÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃ]Êi݈ÃÌi˜ÊÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊ`iÊ̈«œÊµÕ‰“ˆVœÊ
µÕiÊ«Õi`i˜ÊÀiÃՏÌ>ÀÊÖ̈iÃÊ«>À>ʏ>Êiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃÊ
iÝVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ðÊi˜ÌÀœÊ`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊ
ÃiÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Ê>ʅˆ`ÀˆÃˆÃÊ>V>ˆ˜>ÊÞʏœÃÊ«ÀœViÜÃÊ`iÊ
œÝˆ`>Vˆ˜Ê>Û>˜â>`>ÊVœ˜œVˆ`œÃÊVœ“œÊ"*]Ê«œÀÊÃÕÃÊ
È}>ÃÊi˜Êˆ˜}jð
PROCESO
PESTICIDASESTUDIADOS
>ʅˆ`ÀˆÃˆÃʅ>ÊÈ`œÊ>«ˆV>`>Ê>Ê«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œ‡
vœÃvœÀ>`œÃ]ʏœ}À>˜`œÊÃÕÊ`iÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜°Ê-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ÊiÊ
«ÀœVi`ˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊˆ“«ˆV>ʏ>Ê«œÃˆLiʜVÕÀÀi˜Vˆ>Ê`iÊÀi>V‡
Vˆœ˜iÃÊۈœi˜Ì>ÃÊ`ˆv‰Vˆ“i˜ÌiÊVœ˜ÌÀœ>LiÃÊÞʏ>Ê}i˜iÀ>‡
Vˆ˜Ê`iÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃʵÕiÊ«Õi`i˜ÊÃiÀÊ>Ì>“i˜ÌiÊ̝݈V>Ã]Ê
`iʓ>˜iÀ>ÊÌ>ÊµÕiÊ«>À>ʏ>Êiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
œÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`œÃÊÃiÊ«ÀivˆiÀiʏ>ʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜]ʵÕiÊ«>À>Ê
iÃÌiÊ̈«œÊ`iÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ÃÊÀiÃՏÌ>ÊÃiÀÊiviV̈Û>ÊÞÊÃi}ÕÀ>Ê
`iÃ`iʏ>Ê«iÀëiV̈Û>Ê>“Lˆi˜Ì>ÊQ£ÎR°
œÃÊ*ÀœViÜÃÊ`iÊ"݈`>Vˆ˜ÊÛ>˜â>`>Ê­"*®]ÊVÕޜÊ
Vœ˜Vi«ÌœÊvÕiÊiÃÌ>LiVˆ`œÊˆ˜ˆVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊi˜Ê£™nÇÊQ£{R]Ê
ܘʫÀœViÜÃʵՉ“ˆVœÃʵÕiÊVœ“Lˆ˜>˜Ê>Ê>VVˆ˜ÊœÝˆ‡
`>˜ÌiÊ`iÊ`ˆÛiÀÜÃÊ>}i˜ÌiÃÊVœ˜ÊiÊvˆ˜Ê`iÊ«œÌi˜Vˆ>ÀÊÃÕÊ
iviV̜ʈ˜`ˆÛˆ`Õ>Êi˜Ê>Ê`iÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜Ê`iÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>˜‡
ÌiÃʜÀ}?˜ˆVœÃÊÀiV>VˆÌÀ>˜ÌiÃÊÌ>iÃÊVœ“œÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Ã]Ê
Vœ“«ÕiÃ̜ÃÊvi˜ˆVœÃ]ÊVœœÀ>˜ÌiÃÊÞÊ*
]Êi˜ÌÀiʜÌÀœÃ°Ê
Ã̜ÃÊ>}i˜ÌiÃʈ˜VÕÞi˜ÊiÊ«iÀÝˆ`œÊ`iʅˆ`À}i˜œ]Ê
œâœ˜œ]ÊÀ>`ˆ>Vˆ˜ÊՏÌÀ>ۈœiÌ>]ÊՏÌÀ>ܘˆ`œ]ÊV>Ì>ˆ‡
â>`œÀiÃʓiÌ?ˆVœÃÊVœ“œÊœÃʈœ˜iÃÊvjÀÀˆVœÊÞÊviÀÀœÃœÊÞÊ
vœÌœV>Ì>ˆâ>`œÀiÃÊVœ“œÊiÊ`ˆÝˆ`œÊ`iÊ̈Ì>˜ˆœ°
P R I N C I PA L E S R E S U LTA D O S
REF
œÌœV>Ì?ˆÃˆÃÊ
…iÌiÀœ}j˜i>
iÀLˆVˆ`>Ã
-Տvœ˜ˆÖÀi>ÊÞÊi˜ˆÖÀi>Ê
>ÀL>“>̜ÃÊÞÊ/ˆœV>ÀL>“>̜Ã
˜ÃiV̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`œÃ
*iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃ
-‡ÌÀˆ>∘>Ã
œ“«iÌ>Ê`iÃ>«>ÀˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜Ê`iëÕjÃ
`iʣʅÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜Ìœ°
,?«ˆ`>Ê`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ÊȘʓˆ˜iÀ>ˆâ>Vˆ˜Ê̜Ì>Ê
­/Àˆ>∘>î°
À>`œÊ`iÊ`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê`i«i˜`ˆi˜ÌiÊ`iÊvÕœÊ`iʏÕâʈ˜Vˆ`i˜Ìi°
£x
£È
£™
Óä
*ÀœViÜÊi˜Ìœ˜
ÊÞʜ̜‡i˜Ìœ˜
-‡ÌÀˆ>∘>Ã
œÀœ>ViÌ>˜ˆˆ`>
œÀœvi˜œÝˆ>Vˆ`>ViÌ>̜
˜ÃiV̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`œÃ
i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê̜Ì>ÊÌÀ>ÃÊÎäʓˆ˜°Ê`iÊÀi>VVˆ˜°
i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê̜Ì>ÊÃiÊ«Õi`iÊ`>ÀÊi˜ÊÎäÊÃÊL>œÊÀi>Vˆœ˜iÃʓœ>ÀiÃÊ
>`iVÕ>`>ÃÊ`iÊi-"{ÉÓ"ÓÊ­/Àˆ>∘>î°
œ˜}ˆÌÕ`iÃÊ`iʜ˜`>Êi˜ÌÀiÊÎääÊÞÊ{ääʘ“°
ˆ˜iÀ>ˆâ>Vˆ˜ÊVœ“«iÌ>Ê`iëÕjÃÊ`iÊ£Óäʓˆ˜°Êi˜Ê>ʓ>ޜÀ‰>Ê`iÊ
iÃÌÕ`ˆœÃ°
£È
£Ç
£n
"ÎÉÊÓ"Ó
Ê"ÎÉÊ16
-‡ÌÀˆ>∘>Ã
˜ÃiV̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`œÃ
i˜ˆÖÀi>
*iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃ
˜ivˆVˆi˜ÌiÃÊi˜Ê>Ê`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃÊVœ“œÊ
/ÊÞʏˆ˜`>˜œ°
,i“œVˆ˜Ê“>ޜÀÊ>Ê™ä¯Ê`iëÕjÃÊ`iÊÈäʓˆ˜°Ê`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ«>À>Ê
>ʓ>ޜÀ‰>Ê`iÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ð
ÊVœ˜Vi˜ÌÀ>Vˆœ˜iÃʓ>ޜÀiÃÊ`iÊ£äääʓ}É]ʏ>Ê
>«ˆV>Vˆ˜Ê`iʜ✘œÊVœ“œÊ֘ˆVœÊ>}i˜ÌiÊÀiÃՏÌ>ʓ?ÃÊivˆVˆi˜ÌiʵÕiÊ
>ÊVœ“Lˆ˜>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ"ÎÉÊÓ"ÓÊÞÊ"ÎÉÊ16°
£x
£È
16ÊÉÓ"ÓÊ
*iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œVœÀ>`œÃ
˜ÃiV̈Vˆ`>ÃʜÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`œÃ
-‡ÌÀˆ>∘>Ã
*œÀVi˜Ì>iÃÊ`iÊ`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê“>ޜÀiÃÊ>Ênä¯Ê`iëÕjÃÊ`iÊ{äʓˆ˜°Ê
`iʈÀÀ>`ˆ>Vˆ˜°
œ˜Vi˜ÌÀ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊvˆ˜>iÃʘœÊ`iÌiVÌ>LiÃÊi˜ÊiÊV>ÜÊ`iʏ>ÃÊÌÀˆ>∘>ð
*>À?“iÌÀœÃʓ?Ãʈ˜vÕÞi˜ÌiÃ\ÊVœ˜Vi˜ÌÀ>Vˆ˜Êˆ˜ˆVˆ>Ê`iÊ«iÀÝˆ`œÊÞÊ
«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Êi˜ÊiÊ“i`ˆœ°
Ó£
ÓÓ
4ABLA2EFERENCIASDEAPLICABILIDADDE!/0ENDEGRADACIØNDEPESTICIDAS
œÃÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>˜ÌiÃʜÀ}?˜ˆVœÃÊÀiV>VˆÌÀ>˜ÌiÃ]ÊÌ>iÃÊ
Vœ“œÊœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Ã]ÊܘÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊVœ˜ÊiÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>ÃÊ
Vœ“«i>Ã]Ê}i˜iÀ>“i˜ÌiÊ`iÊ>ÌœÊ«iÜʓœiVՏ>À]ʵÕiÊ
Vœ˜ÊvÀiVÕi˜Vˆ>ʈ˜VÕÞi˜Ê>˜ˆœÃÊLi˜Vj˜ˆVœÃÊÞʅ>}i‡
˜œÃ]Ê«œÀʏœÊVÕ>Ê«ÀiÃi˜Ì>˜Ê“ÕÞÊL>>ÊLˆœ`i}À>`>Lˆˆ‡
`>`ÊÞÊÀiÃՏÌ>˜Ê̝݈VœÃÊ«>À>ʏœÃʓˆVÀœœÀ}>˜ˆÃ“œÃʈ˜‡
ۜÕVÀ>`œÃÊi˜ÊœÃÊ«ÀœViÜÃÊ`iÊ̈«œÊLˆœ}ˆVœÆÊ>`i“?ÃÊ
`ˆv‰Vˆ“i˜ÌiÊ«Õi`i˜ÊÃiÀÊ`i}À>`>`œÃÊ«œÀÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ
µÕ‰“ˆVœÃÊVœ˜Ûi˜Vˆœ˜>iÃÊVœ“œÊ>ʜ݈`>Vˆ˜ÊÌjÀ“ˆV>Ê
Þʏ>ʜ݈`>Vˆ˜Ê“i`ˆ>˜ÌiÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊVœ“œÊiÊ«iÀ“>˜‡
}>˜>̜Ê`iÊ«œÌ>Ȝ°
˜ÊiÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>Ã]ʏœÃÊ"*ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>˜Ê
՘>Ê>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ʵÕiÊ«Õi`iÊVœ˜`ÕVˆÀÊ>ʏ>ʓˆ˜iÀ>ˆ‡
â>Vˆ˜Ê̜Ì>Ê`iÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜]ʜÊ>ʏ>Ê}i˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊV>“‡
LˆœÃÊ«Àœv՘`œÃÊi˜ÊÃÕÊiÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>ÆÊVœ˜ÊœÊµÕiÊÃiÊ«Õi`iÊ
Vœ˜Ãi}ՈÀÊ՘>Ê`ˆÃ“ˆ˜ÕVˆ˜Êi˜ÊÃÕÊ̜݈Vˆ`>`]Ê«iÀ“ˆ‡
̈i˜`œÊ՘>Ê«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊ`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê̜Ì>Ê“i`ˆ>˜ÌiÊ«Àœ‡
ViÜÃ]Ê«œÀÊii“«œ]Ê`iÊ̈«œÊLˆœ}ˆVœ°ÊœÃÊ*ÀœViÜÃÊ
`iÊ"݈`>Vˆ˜ÊÛ>˜â>`>ÊÃiÊL>Ã>˜Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊi˜Ê
>Ê}i˜iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊÀ>`ˆV>iÃʅˆ`ÀœÝˆœÊ­°"®]ÊiëiVˆiÃÊ
ÌÀ>˜ÃˆÌœÀˆ>ÃÊiʈ˜iÃÌ>LiÃ]Ê>Ì>“i˜ÌiÊÀi>V̈Û>ÃÊÞÊVœ˜Ê՘Ê
>ÌœÊ«œÌi˜Vˆ>Ê`iʜ݈`œÀi`ÕVVˆ˜]ÊVÕÞ>ÊÀi>VVˆ˜Ê`iÊ
œÝˆ`>Vˆ˜ÊiÃÊ«œVœÊÃiiV̈Û>]ÊVœ˜ÊœÊVÕ>ÊVœ˜Ãˆ}Õi˜ÊiÊ
>Ì>µÕiÊ`iÊ`ˆÛiÀÃ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊÃÕÃVi«ÌˆLiÃÊ`iʜ݈`>‡
Vˆ˜Ê«ÀiÃi˜ÌiÃÊi˜ÊiÊ“i`ˆœÊ`iÊÀi>VVˆ˜ÊQ£xR°
՘µÕiÊiÃ̜ÃÊ«ÀœViÜÃʅ>˜ÊÈ`œÊiÃÌÕ`ˆ>`œÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ‡
«>“i˜ÌiÊi˜Ê>Ê`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊi˜ÊL>>ÃÊ
Vœ˜Vi˜ÌÀ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ­/>L>ÊÓ®]Ê«œ`À‰>ÊÃiÀÊ«œÃˆLiÊÃÕÊ
>«ˆV>Vˆ˜Êi˜Ê>Ê`iÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜Ê`iÊiÝVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ«iÇ
̈Vˆ`>ÃÊV>`ÕV>`œÃ]ÊÌ>iÃÊVœ“œÊœÃʵÕiÊÃiÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Ê
i˜ÊiÊ«>‰Ã°ÊÃÌ>Ê>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÊiÃÌ?ÊÈi˜`œÊiÃÌÕ`ˆ>`>Ê
>VÌÕ>“i˜ÌiÊi˜ÊiÊi«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊ`iʘ}i˜ˆiÀ‰>Ê
ˆÛˆÊ
ÞʓLˆi˜Ì>ÊÞÊi˜ÊiÊi«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊ`iÊ+Չ“ˆV>Ê`iÊ
>Ê1˜ˆÛiÀÈ`>`Ê`iʏœÃʘ`iÃ]ÊṎˆâ>˜`œÊ“ÕiÃÌÀ>ÃÊ`iÊ
/ʜLÌi˜ˆ`>ÃÊ`iʏ>ÃÊLœ`i}>ÃÊ`iÊˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ`iʏ>Ê
*ÀœÌiVVˆ˜Ê-œVˆ>°
՘µÕiÊÃiÊÀiµÕˆiÀiÊ՘>ʓ>ޜÀÊiÛ>Õ>Vˆ˜]ʏœÃÊÀiÃՏ‡
Ì>`œÃÊ«Àiˆ“ˆ˜>ÀiÃÊ`iÊiÃÌÕ`ˆœÊˆ˜`ˆV>˜ÊµÕiÊ>}՘œÃÊ
`iʏœÃÊ«ÀœViÜÃÊ`iʜ݈`>Vˆ˜ÊṎˆâ>`œÃ]ÊiëiVˆ>“i˜‡
ÌiÊ>µÕiœÃʵÕiʈ˜ÛœÕVÀ>˜ÊiÊÕÜÊ`iʏÕâÊՏÌÀ>ۈœiÌ>]Ê
œ}À>˜Ê՘ʘˆÛiÊ`iÊ`i}À>`>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ/ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊ>Ê
™ä¯ÆʏœÊVÕ>]Ê>՘µÕiʘœÊˆ˜`ˆV>Ê`iʓ>˜iÀ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆÌˆÛ>Ê
µÕiʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊ«ÀiÃi˜ÌiÃÊi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>Ê
«Õi`>˜ÊÃiÀÊ`iÃÌÀՈ`œÃÊ«œÀÊiÃÌiʓj̜`œÊ`iʓ>˜iÀ>Ê
Ãi}ÕÀ>ÊÞÊivˆV>â]ÊÉÊ>LÀiÊ՘ÊV>“ˆ˜œÊ…>Vˆ>ʘÕiۜÃʓj̜‡
`œÃÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊµÕiÊ«œ`À‰>˜Ê`>ÀÊ܏ÕVˆ˜Ê>ÊiÃÌiÊ
«ÀœLi“>Êi˜ÊiÊ«>‰ÃÊÞÊÜLÀiʏœÃÊVÕ>iÃÊ«Õi`iÊÌÀ>L>>ÀÊ
>Ê՘ˆÛiÀÈ`>`ÊVœœ“Lˆ>˜>°
#/.#,53)/.%3
œÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃʵÕiÊÃiÊi˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Êi˜Ê
œœ“‡
Lˆ>Ê>ÃVˆi˜`i˜Ê>ÊxääÊ̜˜i>`>ÃÊÃi}֘Ê`>̜ÃÊ`iÊ}œLˆiÀ‡
˜œÊ˜>Vˆœ˜>°ÊÃÌ?˜ÊVœ˜Ã̈ÌՈ`œÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ«œÀÊ
iÝVi`i˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃʜÀ}>˜œvœÃvœÀ>`>ÃÊÞʜÀ}>˜œ‡
VœÀ>`>Ã]ÊṎˆâ>`>ÃÊÌ>˜ÌœÊ«œÀÊi˜Ìˆ`>`iÃÊ`iÊ}œLˆiÀ˜œÊ
Vœ“œÊ«œÀÊVՏ̈Û>`œÀiÃ]ÊiëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊ`iÊ>}œ`˜°
ۈ`i˜Vˆ>ÃÊ>˜ÌiÀˆœÀiÃÊÃÕ}ˆiÀi˜ÊµÕiʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊ
V>`ÕV>`œÃÊ«Àœ`ÕV̜Ê`iʏ>Ê>V̈ۈ`>`Ê>}À‰Vœ>ÊÃiÊ
i˜VÕi˜ÌÀ>˜Êi˜Ê>ʓ>ޜÀ‰>Ê`iʏœÃÊV>ÜÃÊi˜ÌiÀÀ>`œÃÊ
i˜ÊÕ}>ÀiÃÊViÀV>˜œÃÊ>ʏ>ÃÊ?Ài>ÃÊ`iÊVՏ̈ۜ]ʵÕiÊ«>À>Ê
iÊ>}œ`˜ÊVœÀÀi뜘`i˜Ê«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ>Ê`i«>À‡
Ì>“i˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
iÃ>À°ÊœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃÊL>œÊÀi뜘Ã>Lˆ‡
ˆ`>`Ê`iÊˆ˜ˆÃÌiÀˆœÊ`iʏ>Ê*ÀœÌiVVˆ˜Ê-œVˆ>]ÊÈÊܘÊ
Vœ˜ÃiÀÛ>`œÃÊi˜Ê>ÃÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜‡
̜Ê>VÌÕ>iÃ]ʘœÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>˜ÊÀˆiÃ}œÃʓÕÞÊiiÛ>`œÃÊ
«>À>ʏ>ÊÃ>Õ`ʅՓ>˜>]ʘˆÊ«>À>ÊiÊ“i`ˆœÊ>“Lˆi˜Ìi°Ê
՘µÕiÊÃÕÊ>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜ÊVœ˜`ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊÌjV˜ˆV>ÃÊ
Vœ˜ÌÀœ>`>ÃʘœÊVœ˜Ã̈ÌÕÞiÊ՘>Ê܏ÕVˆ˜Ê`ivˆ˜ˆÌˆÛ>Ê>Ê
«ÀœLi“>]Ê«ÀœÛiiÊ՘Ê̈i“«œÊÛ>ˆœÃœÊiʈ˜`ˆÃ«i˜Ã>LiÊ
«>À>ʏ>ÊVœ˜ÃiVÕVˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃÊÀiVÕÀÜÃʘiViÃ>ÀˆœÃÊ«>À>Ê
՘>Êiˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Êvˆ˜>ÊÞÊ«>À>ÊiÊ`iÃ>ÀÀœœÊ`iʘÕiÛ>ÃÊ
ÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊ>«Àœ«ˆ>`>ÃÊ«>À>ÊÃÕÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜Ìœ°Ê
œÃÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃÊ`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜Ã]Ê«Àœ`ÕV̜Ê
«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>“i˜ÌiÊ`iʏ>Ê>V̈ۈ`>`Ê>}œ`œ˜iÀ>Êi˜ÊiÊ«>‰Ã]Ê
ÉÊVœ˜Ã̈ÌÕÞi˜Ê՘ÊÀˆiÃ}œÊ>Ìi˜ÌiÊ«>À>ʏ>ÊVœ“Õ˜ˆ`>`Ê
ViÀV>˜>Ê>ÊiÃÌ>ÃÊ✘>ÃÊÞÊ«>À>ÊiÊ“i`ˆœÊ>“Lˆi˜ÌiÊi˜Ê
}i˜iÀ>°Ê œÊÃiÊVœ˜œVi˜ÊVœ˜ÊiÝ>V̈ÌÕ`ʏœÃÊÈ̈œÃÊ`iÊ
œÃÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃʘˆÊÃÕÃÊV>À>VÌiÀ‰Ã̈V>Ã]Ê«œÀʏœÊµÕiÊiÃʓÕÞÊ
«ÀœL>LiʵÕiʏ>ÊÃ>Õ`Ê`iʏ>ÃÊ«iÀܘ>ÃʵÕiÊVœ˜ÛˆÛi˜Ê
Vœ˜ÊjÃ̜ÃÊȘÊÃ>LiÀœ]ÊÃiÊiÃÌjÊۈi˜`œÊVœ˜Ìˆ˜Õ>“i˜ÌiÊ
>viVÌ>`>Ê«œÀÊÃÕÊ«ÀiÃi˜Vˆ>°Ê`i“?Ã]ÊÃÕÊÛ>«œÀˆâ>Vˆ˜ÊÞÊ
>ÀÀ>ÃÌÀiÊ>ʏ>ÃÊVœÀÀˆi˜ÌiÃÊ`iÊ>}Õ>ÊVœ˜Ã̈ÌÕÞiÊ՘ʫœÌi˜‡
Vˆ>Ê«ÀœLi“>Ê`iÊVœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê“ÕÞʈ“«œÀÌ>˜Ìi°
REVISTADEINGENIERÓA
>ÊÀi뜘Ã>Lˆˆ`>`Ê`iÊ`>šœÊV>ÕÃ>`œÊ«œÀʏœÃÊi˜ÌˆiÀÀœÃÊ
`iÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊ`iLiÊÀiV>iÀʘœÊݏœÊÜLÀiÊ
iÊ}œLˆiÀ˜œÊ˜>Vˆœ˜>]ÊȘœÊiëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊÜLÀiʏœÃÊ
}Ài“ˆœÃÊ>}À‰Vœ>ÃÊ`iÊ«>‰ÃʵÕiʅˆÃ̝ÀˆV>“i˜Ìiʅ>˜Ê
Ṏˆâ>`œÊiÃÌiÊ̈«œÊ`iÊ«Àœ`ÕV̜ÃÊÞʵÕiÊi˜Ê`jV>`>ÃÊ
«>Ã>`>ÃÊÀi>ˆâ>Àœ˜Ê՘ʓ>˜iœÊˆ˜>`iVÕ>`œÊ`iʏœÃʈ˜ÃՇ
“œÃÊ>}ÀœµÕ‰“ˆVœÃ]ÊṎˆâ>`œÃÊȘÊ̜“>Àʏ>Ãʓi`ˆ`>ÃÊ
˜iViÃ>Àˆ>ð
>Ê«Àˆ“iÀ>ÊÌ>Ài>Ê>Ê`iÃ>ÀÀœ>ÀÊi˜ÊiÊV>“ˆ˜œÊ`iÊ
܏ÕVˆ˜Ê>Ê«ÀœLi“>Ê`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊi˜Ê
œœ“Lˆ>ÊiÃʏ>ÊÀi>ˆâ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ՘ʈ˜Ûi˜Ì>ÀˆœÊVœ“«i̜Ê
`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ÃÊi˜ÊiÊ«>‰Ã]Êi˜ÊÌjÀ“ˆ˜œÃÊ`iÊV>˜Ìˆ‡
`>`]ÊÕLˆV>Vˆ˜]ÊiÃÌ>`œÊÞÊ̈«œ°Ê1˜>ÊÛiâÊjÃÌiÊÃiʅ>Þ>Ê
iviVÌÕ>`œ]ÊÃiÀ?Ê«œÃˆLiʏ>Ê̜“>Ê`iÊ`iVˆÃˆœ˜iÃÊL>Ã>`>ÃÊ
i˜Ê`>̜ÃÊÀi>iÃÊÀiëiV̜Ê>ʏ>ÃÊۉ>ÃÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊÞÊ
`ˆÃ«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ðÊ>ÃÊ>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÃÊ`iÊ
܏ÕVˆ˜Ê>ʏ>Ê«ÀœLi“?̈V>Ê`iʏœÃÊ«iÃ̈Vˆ`>ÃʜL܏i̜ÃÊ
i˜ÊiÊ«>‰Ãʈ˜VÕÞi˜Ê՘Ê>“>Vi˜>“ˆi˜ÌœÊVœ˜ÌÀœ>`œÊ>Ê
>À}œÊ«>âœ]ÊVœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜Ê…œÀ˜œÃÊVi“i˜ÌiÀœÃÊ
`i˜ÌÀœÊ`iÊ«>‰Ã]ʈ˜Vˆ˜iÀ>Vˆ˜ÊÞɜÊVœ«ÀœViÃ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
i˜ÊiÊiÝÌiÀˆœÀÊÞÊ>«ˆV>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊÌiV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊ`iÊ̈«œÊ
µÕ‰“ˆVœÊVœ“œÊ>ʅˆ`ÀˆÃˆÃÊÞʏœÃÊ«ÀœViÜÃÊ`iʜ݈`>‡
Vˆ˜Ê>Û>˜â>`>°Ê>ÊÃiiVVˆ˜Ê`iÊVÕ>µÕˆiÀ>Ê`iÊiÃÌ>ÃÊ
>ÌiÀ˜>̈Û>ÃʘœÊ`iLiʜLi`iViÀÊ֘ˆV>“i˜ÌiÊ>ÊÀ>✘iÃÊ
iVœ˜“ˆV>Ã]ÊȘœÊµÕiÊ`iLiÊiÃÌÕ`ˆ>ÀÃiÊ«>À>ÊV>`>Ê՘œÊ
`iʏœÃÊ̈«œÃÊ`iÊ«>}ՈVˆ`>ÃÊÞÊ`iLiÊÃÕÃÌi˜Ì>ÀÃiÊi˜ÊÃÕÃÊ
V>À>VÌiÀ‰Ã̈V>ÃÊvˆÃˆVœµÕ‰“ˆV>Ã]ÊÌi˜ˆi˜`œÊÈi“«ÀiÊi˜Ê
VÕi˜Ì>ÊiÊ`iÃi“«išœÊ>“Lˆi˜Ì>Ê`iʏ>ÃÊ`ˆÃ̈˜Ì>ÃÊÌiV‡
˜œœ}‰>Ã]Ê«>À>Ê`iÊiÃÌ>ʓ>˜iÀ>ÊiۈÌ>ÀʵÕiʏœÃÊÃÕL«Àœ‡
`ÕV̜ÃÊ`iÊÌÀ>Ì>“ˆi˜ÌœÊÀiÃՏÌi˜Êˆ˜VÕÜʓ?ÃÊ̝݈VœÃÊÞÊ
Vœ˜Ì>“ˆ˜>˜ÌiÃʵÕiʏ>ÊÃÕÃÌ>˜Vˆ>ʜÀˆ}ˆ˜>°
")",)/'2!&¶!
Q£RÊ°œÀ`œ˜Ê`Ü>À`ðÊxʓ>ޜÊ`iÊÓääx°Ê
…ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Õ˜ŽÃVˆi˜Vi°Vœ“
QÓRÊ"°
$IRECTRICESPROVISIONALESPARAEVITAREXISTENCIAS
DEPLAGUICIDASCADUCADOS
£™™È°
QÎRÊ°Ê
>ÀˆLiœ]Ê
h4ØXICOSUNA@PAPACALIENTEv
˜ÊÊ/*"°Êœ}œÌ?°ÊiLÀiÀœÊÓxÊ`iÊÓää{°Ê-iVVˆ˜Ê
V>`i“ˆ>°
Q{Rʺ,iۈÛiÊÌi“œÀÊ«œÀÊÌi“>Ê`iÊ̝݈VœÃ»°Ê
˜Ê-i“>˜>ÀˆœÊœÞ>V?ÊÇʉ>ðÊՏˆœÊ£ÎÊ`iÊÓää{°Ê-iVVˆ˜Ê
VÌÕ>ˆ`>`°
QxRÊ°Êi>À`]Ê
h$$4ANDHUMANHEALTHv
˜Ê-Vˆi˜ViʜvÊ̅iÊ/œÌ>Ê˜ÛˆÀœ˜“i˜Ì°Ê6œ°ÊÎxx]Ê««°ÊÇn‡
n™°ÊÓääÈ°
QÈRÊivi˜ÃœÀ‰>Ê`iÊ*ÕiLœ°Ê,i܏ÕVˆ˜Ê`ivi˜ÃœÀˆ>Ê䣣Ê
h5SOALMACENAMIENTOYDISPOSICIØNINADECUADO
DEPLAGUICIDASv
Óä䣰
QÇRÊ°Ê,œ`À‰}Õiâ°
h,A-ALDICIØNDELOROBLANCOv
˜Ê,iۈÃÌ>Ê
,""-°Êœ}œÌ?°Ê ¨Ê{°Ó£Ç°Ê œÛˆi“LÀiÊ
ÎäÊ`iÊ£™™™°
QnRÊ
*-°Ê
h4ECNOLOGÓASEXISTENTESYDESARROLLADASEN
#OLOMBIAPARAELMANEJODERESIDUOS0ILAS
LUBRICANTESBATERÓASYENVASESDEPLAGUICIDASv
…ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Vi«ˆÃ°œ«Ã‡œ“ðœÀ}ÉLÛÃ>ÀiÉiÉVœ˜}ÀiÜÉVœœ“Lˆ>°«`v°Ê
£nʓ>ޜÊ`iÊÓääx°
ÊQ™Rʺ-iÊÀi>LÀiÊ«œj“ˆV>Ê«œÀÊ`iÃÌÀÕVVˆ˜Ê`iÊ̝݈VœÃʜL‡
܏i̜û°Ê
˜Ê-i“>˜>ÀˆœÊœÞ>V?ÊÇÊ`‰>ðʘiÀœÊ£ÈÊ`iÊÓää{°Ê-iVVˆ˜Ê
VÌÕ>ˆ`>`Ê*>}Ên°
Q£äRÊ"°
%LIMINACIØNDEGRANDESCANTIDADESDE
PLAGUICIDASENDESUSOENLOSPAÓSESENDESARROLLO
‡Ê
œiVVˆ˜Ê"\ʏˆ“ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ*>}ՈVˆ`>ðʣ™™È°
Q££RÊ1 *°Ê
%VALUACIØNREGIONALSOBRESUSTANCIASTØXICAS
PERSISTENTES)NFORMEREGIONALDE!MÏRICA
#ENTRALYEL#ARIBE
ˆVˆi“LÀiÊÓääÓ°
Q£™RÊ°Ê<>iÎ>]Ê°ÊÕ«Ž>]Ê°Ê-ˆœÜˆiVŽˆ]Ê°Ê7ˆiÀ}œÜΈÊ
>˜`ʰʈâˆÕŽ
h$ESTRUCTIONOFCHLORINATEDPESTICIDESIN4I/
ENHANCEDPHOTOCHEMICALPROCESSv
ʘʘÌiÀ˜>̈œ˜>ÊœÕÀ˜>ÊœvÊ*…œÌœi˜iÀ}Þ°Ê6œÊ£Ê­£®]Ê««°Ê
Ç·Çn°Ê£™™™°
Q£ÓRÊ
œ“ˆÃˆ˜Ê«>À>ʏ>Ê
œœ«iÀ>Vˆ˜Ê“Lˆi˜Ì>Ê`iʓj‡
ÀˆV>Ê`iÊ œÀÌi°Ê
,ONGRANGEAIRTRANSPORTOFDIOXINFROM.ORTH
QÓäRÊ]Ê<>iÎ>]Ê°ÊÕ«Ž>]Ê°Ê7ˆiÀ}œÜΈÊ>˜`ʰʈ‡
âˆÕŽ
!MERICANSOURCESTOECOLOGICALLYVULNERABLE
h0HOTOCATALYTICDEGRADATIONOFLINDANE
RECEPTORSIN.UNAVUT!RTIC#ANADA
PP$$4ANDMETHOXYCHLORINANAQUEOUS
Óäää
Q£ÎRÊ,°Ê>ÌÃ̜˜i°Ê
ENVIRONMENTv
˜ÊœÕÀ˜>ÊœvÊ«…œÌœV…i“ˆÃÌÀÞÊ>˜`Ê«…œÌœLˆœœ}ÞÊ\ÊV…i“ˆÃ‡
ÌÀÞ°Ê6œÊ£Îx]Ê««°Êӣ·ÓÓä°ÊÓäää°
4HESAFEDISPOSALOFHAZARDOUSWASTES4HE
SPECIALNEEDSANDPROBLEMSOFDEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
QÓ£RÊ"°Êi}Àˆ˜ˆ]ÊÊ"ˆÛiÀœÃÊ>˜`Ê°ÊÀ>՘
h0HOTOCHEMICALPROCESSFORWATERTREATMENTv
7œÀ`Ê>˜Ž°Ê,i«œÀÌiÊ/jV˜ˆVœÊ™Î°Ê£™n™°
˜Ê
…i“Ê,iۈiÜ°Ê6œÊ™Î]Ê««°ÊÈÇ£‡È™n°Ê£™™Î°
Q£{RÊ7°Ê>âi
QÓÓRʰʜÜ>ˆÃŽ>]Ê°Ê>˜Vâ>ÀiŽ]Ê°ÊÕ«Ž>]Ê>˜`Ê°ÊÀޘ‡
h$RINKINGWATERTREATMENTWITHOZONEv
ʘʘۈÀœ˜“i˜Ì>Ê-Vˆi˜ViÊ>˜`Ê/iV…˜œœ}Þ°Ê6œ°ÊÓ£]Ê««°Ê
ÓÓ{‡ÓÎä°Ê£™nÇ°
Q£xRÊ,i`Ê
9/Ê6‡°Ê
%LIMINACIØNDECONTAMINANTESPORFOTOCATÉLISIS
HETEROGÏNEA
ÊÕi˜œÃʈÀiÃ\ʈ}ÕiÊ°ÊiÃ>°ÊÓä䣰
Q£ÈRÊ-°Ê
…ˆÀœ˜Ê>˜`Ê°ÊiÀ˜?˜`i⇏L>Ê
h0ESTICIDECHEMICALOXIDATION3TATEOFTHEARTv
˜Ê7>ÌiÀÊ,iÃi>ÀV…°Ê6œÊÎ{Ê­Ó®]Ê««°ÊÎÈȇÎÇÇ°ÊÓäää°
Q£ÇRÊ°Ê*ˆ}˜>ÌiœÊ>˜`Ê9°Ê-՘Ê
h#OMPLETEOXIDATIONOFMETOLACHLORANDMETHYL
PARATHIONINWATERBYTHEPHOTOASSISTED&ENTON
REACTIONv
˜Ê7>ÌiÀÊ,iÃi>ÀV…°Ê6œÊәʭn®]Ê««°Ê£nÎLJ£n{{°Ê£™™x°
Q£nRÊ*°ÊÕÃ̜˜Ê>˜`Ê°*ˆ}˜>Ìiœ
h$EGRADATIONOFSELECTEDPESTICIDEACTIVE
INGREDIENTSANDCOMMERCIALFORMULATIONSIN
WATERBYTHEPHOTOASSISTED&ENTONREACTIONv
˜Ê7>ÌiÀÊ,iÃi>ÀV…°Ê6œÊÎÎÊ­x®]Ê««°Ê£ÓÎn‡£Ó{È°Ê£™™™°
Žˆi܈Vâ
h(/56ENHANCEDDEGRADATIONOFPESTICIDESIN
WASTEWATERv
˜Ê7>ÌiÀÊ-Vˆi˜ViÊ>˜`Ê/iV…˜œœ}Þ°Ê6œÊ{™Ê­{®]Ê««°ÊÓÈ£‡
ÓÈÈ°ÊÓä䣰