UNIT 8. PERSONALITIES

MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
UNIT 8. PERSONALITIES
y MISCELLANEA
y
El orden de los adjetivos (adjective order)
Con frecuencia, es necesario emplear dos o más adjetivos para complementar a un
sustantivo. Existen normas que rigen el orden de los adjetivos, dependiendo de la
naturaleza de los mismos: de hecho (‘fact adjectives’) o de opinión (‘opinion
adjectives’).
Los ‘fact adjectives’ dan información objetiva acerca del sustantivo que califican.
Podría ser un color (red), tamaño (big), forma (square), etc.
Los ‘opinion adjectives’ aportan información acerca de lo que se piensa del sustantivo
al que acompañan (beautiful, delicious, ugly).
Generalmente, los ‘opinion adjectives’ se sitúan delante de los ‘fact adjectives’.
Yesterday, I saw a beautiful pink Chevrolet.
Algunas veces, se necesitan dos o más ‘fact adjectives’. Aunque no siempre, se
ordenan de la siguiente manera:
1. Size (how big?)
2. Age (how old?)
3. Colour
4. Origin (where from?)
5. Material (what is it made of?)
Ejemplos:
A little cardboard box. (Una pequeña caja de cartón.)
An old German car. (Un viejo coche alemán.)
A new silk shirt. (Una camisa nueva de seda.)
Los adjetivos de tamaño y longitud (small, large, tall, long, etc.) suelen ir delante de los
adjetivos de forma y grosor (round, thin, fat, wide, etc.)
Ejemplos:
A long wide road. (Una carretera larga y ancha.)
A small thin book. (Un libro pequeño y delgado.)
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MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
y VOCABULARY
y
Personality Adjectives
Adventurous
Aventurero
Imaginative
Imaginativo
Affable, Pleasant
Afable
Impatient
Impaciente
Ambitious
Ambicioso
Impulsive
Impulsivo
Angry
Enfadado
Individualistic
Individualista
Astonished
Asombrado
Irritable
Irritable
Astute
Astuto
Jealous
Celoso
Authoritarian
Autoritario
Lazy
Vago, perezoso
Bad-tempered
Malhumorado
Lonely
Solitario
Bored, Weary
Aburrido
Materialistic
Materialista
Brave
Valiente
Melancholic
Melancólico
Caring
Cuidadoso
Nervous
Nervioso
Charming
Encantador
Noisy
Ruidoso
Cheerful
Alegre, jovial
Old-fashioned
Pasado de moda
Clever
Inteligente, astuto
Optimistic
Optimista
Conformist
Conformista
Passionate
Apasionado
Creative
Creativo
Pessimistic
Pesimista
Deceptive, Deceiving Embaucador
Pleasant
Agradable
Depressed
Deprimido
Pleased
Contento
Disappointment
Decepcionado
Polite
Educado
Disorganised
Desorganizado
Proud, Arrogant
Orgulloso
Easy-going
Fácil de tratar
Rebellious
Rebelde
Elegant
Elegante
Reserved
Reservado
Energetic
Energético
Rude
Bruto
Envious
Envidioso
Sad
Triste
Evil
Malvado
Secretive
Reservado
Forgetful
Olvidadizo
Selfish
Egoísta
Furious
Furioso
Shy
Tímido
Fussy
Quisquilloso
Stubborn
Cabezota
Glad
Contento
Surprised
Sorprendido
Greedy
Glotón, avaro
Terrified
Aterrorizado
Happy
Feliz, Contento
Unhappy
Desdichado
Hypocritical
Hipócrita
Untidy
Desordenado
Idealistic
Idealista
Upset
Disgustado
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MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
Vigorous
Enérgico
Willing
Voluntarioso
Violent
Violento
Witty
Ingenioso, ocurrente
y TEXT
y
Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous
1. Compara las siguientes oraciones:
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
(SUJ + HAVE + VERBO PART. + COMPL.)
(SUJ + HAVE + BEEN + VERBO (-ING) + COMPL.)
“David has read The Lord of the Rings.
He really enjoyed it.”
Se comunica el hecho de que David ha
finalizado por completo la acción de leer el
libro y el resultado de la misma (disfrutarlos).
“Have you eaten, Bobby? Would you like
a sandwich or something?”
Una persona pregunta a Bobby si tiene
hambre ... el resultado de no haber comido.
“David has read five of Tolkien’s books.”
El Present perfect simple se usa para acciones
terminadas en las que se dice cuántas veces,
o qué cantidad, cuando hay un número
determinado.
Î
“David has been reading The Lord of the
Rings. He is really enjoying it.”
Lo interesante es la actividad de David, quien no
ha acabado la acción de leer los libros.
Î
“What have you been eating Bobby? You’ve
got sauce all over your new shirt?”
Aqui la atención se centra en la activodad que
ha causado el resultado actual, Bobby ha comido
realmente.
Î
“David has been reading for two hours.”
El Present perfect continuous se usa para
describir la duración de una actividad que
todavía se está desarrollando.
Algunas veces, puede que casi no se diferencien ambas formas.
I have played / been playing basketball since I was eight.
La forma continua puede sugerir que la situación es más temporal. Compara las
siguientes oraciones:
I’ve been living in a hostel for the last six weeks.
I’ve lived here since I was born.
2. Lee las siguientes conversaciones cortas y rellena los huecos con las formas
apropiadas de ‘Past simple’, ‘Present perfect simple’ o ‘Present perfect
continuous’.
A) -
start
try (x 2)
be
beat
smoke (x 2)
hear
condemn
win
finish
train
do (x3)
run
discover
read (x3)
you ever
“Ulysses” by James Joyce?
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MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
- No, I
to read it a few years ago but it was too difficult. I
a
book by another Irish writer, Roddy Doyle. It’s a lot more accessible and completely
hilarious!
- Oh, I
of him. Can I borrow it when you’ve finished reading it?
ten chapters and I
- Of course! I
. I’ll give it to you as soon as I have finished.
B) - You look exhausted! What
you been
nearly
?
. I’m training for the London marathon.
-I
- You’re going to do the marathon! You must be insane! ______ you
before?
one
the Manchester Marathon in 1995 but since then I
for the last six weeks.
a bit
- Yes, I
lazy. I
C) - Can you get me a packet of cigarettes at the shop, love?
you
today? You
- Another packet? How many fags
non- stop all day. It’s very unhealthy! Why don’t you try to
give them up?
- You know I
nearly went crazy!
half a dozen times. The last time I
I
D) Here are today’s headlines for the nine o’clock news:
- The opposition
Thailand.
- British scientists
- Celtic
year. They
the
Government’s
secret
arms
deal
with
a way of diagnosing Parkinson’s disease.
the Scottish Premier League for the third consecutive
Hearts three-two at home in Celtic Park.
3. Listening. ‘Have you ever’. Escucha las conversaciones y comprueba las
respuestas del ejercicio anterior.
4. Reading. Adjetivos de personalidad.
They don’t make them like George any more. He’s a real gentleman. He’s retired now and
he’s getting on a bit but he pays a lot of attention to his appearance. He’s always wearing a
neat suit and tie and usually wears the medals that he won in the war. I often meet him in the
pub on Friday nights where he’s known as King George! He doesn’t show his emotions very
much but he’s very charismatic. He never swears and is very well-mannered. All the old ladies
love him!
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MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
Edward was a good friend of mine when we were at Cambridge together but we don’t see
eye to eye these days. He’s a lawyer now and intends to have his own law firm in a few
years. He thinks he’s better than everyone else. He looks down on people who earn less
than him. His only interests are money and his expensive possessions. He has changed a lot
– he used to be such a nice bloke but now all he does is insult me.
Karen and I went to university together and although we don’t see much of each other
lately I consider him a friend. I have to say though, he’s a bit of a disaster. He has a very
bad memory. Every time we arrange to meet he’s either late or he doesn’t turn up at all!
He’s not very good at managing his time. He’s working as a social worker now which is quite
surprising. He’s really intelligent and everyone thought he had a very promising future.
Imagine working with drug addicts and alcoholics! That’s certainly not my cup of tea!
Arthur likes going out with his friends and he gets on well with everyone. He’s usually the
life and soul of the party and he’s always making people laugh with his intelligent jokes and
smart observations. He has a few problems with his parents, usually because his room is in
a mess or because he doesn’t work very hard in school or at home.
Brigid is a really nice girl but she spends too much time alone in her room. I think she’s
writing a book or something. It’s hard to know; she doesn’t like talking about herself. She’s
very timid and I don’t think she’s very happy in general. She needs to get out more.
Alice is a horrible little girl! A real monster! She never stops screaming and shouting. She
gets angry very easily and everything has to be perfect for her. She’s always crying or
fighting with the other children. I blame her parents. They always give her everything she
wants, when she wants.
Joane is quite a superhero! She’s always climbing mountains and rafting down rivers. She
doesn’t need any excuse to drop what she’s doing and jump straight into some dangerous
situation! I went climbing in the Lake District with her once. It was fantastic although she
kept on complaining that I was too slow! She likes to think of herself as a great explorer.
Every time I meet her she tells me about her travels around the world.
Joe is a happy, little boy and he is doing well at school. He’s very good at drawing and he
can invent fantastic little stories! He’s a bit chubby because he eats too many sweets. I’ve
tried to make him eat less but he’s very demanding. He always gets what he wants and
when he gets an idea in his little head, nothing can stop him!
5. En cada una de las casillas, hay cinco adjetivos que describen diferentes
personalidades. Lee el texto y coloca el nombre que corresponda a cada una de
las descripciones. Busca en un diccionario las palabras que no conozcas.
..................
easy-going
sociable
witty
lazy
untidy
..................
old-fashioned
elegant
reserved
charming
polite
..................
well-educated
ambitious
snobbish
rude
materialistic
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..................
impulsive
adventurous
brave
impatient
proud
MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
..................
energetic
spoilt
fussy
bad-tempered
noisy
..................
pleasant
secretive
imaginative
shy
lonely
..................
easy-going
caring
idealistic
disorganised
forgetful
..................
clever
creative
cheerful
stubborn
greedy
y SELF- EVALUATION EXERCISES
6. Present perfect simple y Present perfect continuous.
Lee la siguiente
situación y escribe dos oraciones, una usando el Present perfect simple y otra
con el Present Perfect continuous.
1.
Mary and Hugh are in the process of decorating their house. The kitchen, the hall and two
bedrooms are finished.
(they / paint/ their house)
(they / already / paint/ four rooms)
2. Richard is doing his homework. He started an hour ago and he is just starting the third
exercise.
(he / do/ his homework for one hour)
(he/ do/ two exercises so far)
3.
Michael Slownot started driving when he was 10. Now he has just won his fourth world
motor racing championship.
(he /drive/ since he was 10)
(he/ be/ the world champion four times)
7. Rellena los huecos usando los verbos que te proporcionamos entre
paréntesis.
1.
My father is a writer. He ______________ (write) many books.
2.
Roger ________________ (do) his homework all morning.
3.
I’m sorry I’m late. _______ you _____________ (wait) long?
4.
Look at that! The kids ______________ (break) the window again.
5.
I _______________ (not visit) my sister for a long time. I should go and see her.
6.
Sue ______________ (learn) German for four years now. She’s quite good at it.
8. Completa las siguientes oraciones con los adjetivos del cuadro.
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MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
shy
spoilt
forgetful
impatient
lazy
ambitious
adventurous
stubborn
1.
Little Johnny always gets what he wants. If he sees a new toy that he likes, his parents buy
him it. He is ______________.
2.
Mary says that she will have her own business by the time she is twenty and by the time she
is thirty she will be a millionaire. She’s very _____________.
3.
Steve finds it very difficult to mix with new people because he’s so __________.
4.
Jim doesn’t remember half of the things he has to do. He is really ___________.
5
Arthur gets angry if he has to wait for anything. He’s ______________.
6. Susie always wants to go to new countries and try new sports regardless of how dangerous
they are. She’s ______________.
7.
Eddie never wants to do anything. He’s happy to stay in bed all day and let everyone else do
the work. He’s really ____________.
8.
Once Betty decides something it’s impossible to change her ideas even if she is clearly
wrong. She’s _____________.
9. Coloca los adjetivos que se encuentran entre los paréntesis en la posición
correcta.
1.
An ___________ ___________ book.
(interesting/old)
2.
A ___________ ___________ girl. (little/nice)
3.
A ___________ ___________ motorbike. (blue/beautiful)
4.
An ___________ ___________ lady. (old/attractive)
5.
___________ ___________ shoes. (brown/leather)
6.
A ___________ ___________ dog. (black/big)
7.
A ___________ ___________
8.
___________ village. (old/lovely/little)
___________ ___________ champagne. (French/expensive)
y OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION
10. Present perfect / Present perfect continuous. Tu nuevo compañero es una
persona muy ocupada. Read each sentence and ask him a question using how
long/ how many /how much, etc.
1. He is learning to play the piano.
?
How long
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MEDIO. UNIDAD 8
2.
He writes plays for the local theatre.
How many
3.
?
He is going out with Alice Goldwater, that famous actress.
?
How long
4.
He goes to New York many times every year.
?
How many times
5.
He plays football at weekends.
?
How long
11. Piensa en respuestas apropiadas para las siguientes preguntas. Usa el
Present perfect continuous.
Example:
Why is that dog wet? - Because it’s been swimming in the river.
1.
Why is Stuart losing so much weight?
2.
Why are the children’s clothes so muddy?
3.
Why are her eyes so red?
4.
Why do you look so hot?
5.
Why are you so tired?
6.
Why has he got paint in his hair?
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