PRGHOL]DFLRQ GHO SURFHVR GH VHFDGR HQ VHFDGRUHV VRODUHV GLUHFWRV TLh YLFWRU MRVH SDVVDPDL Aitt Thiti?|@_@ i? *@ 6@U*|@_ _i i?U@t , @U|@t UL4L T@h|i _i *Lt hi^ih4i?|Lt T@h@ *@ @hhih@ _i* #LU|Lh@_L i? 6>tU@ _i *@ NWV,+5W## Ww #, 5wA 6h4@ _i* |Lh 6@U*|@_ _i i?U@t , @U|@t a?L _i bbD #h}_@ TLh wt 5@h@@ #LU|Lh i? 6>tU@ 5@*|@c +iT M*U@ h}i?|?@ Frqwhqlgr 4 LQWURGXFFLRQ 414 Prwlydflrq | remhwlyrv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = < < 415 Sodq gh od reud = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 43 416 Dvshfwrv jhqhudohv gho vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 43 41614 41615 Ghqlflrq | fodvlfdfl rq gh vhfdgruhv = = = = = = = = = = = 43 Wudwdplhqwr wh rulfr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 46 5 HTXLSR H[SHULPHQWDO 4: 514 Glvh qr gho vhfdghur = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4: 515 Htxlsr frqvwuxgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4; 51514 51515 Phglgd | frqwuro gh whpshudwxudv | kxphgdg = = = = = = = 4< Yhorflgdg gho dluh = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 55 51516 Shvdgd gh od pxhvwud = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 56 51614 E xvtxhgd gh xqd o dpsdud dghfxdgd = = = = = = = = = = = = 5; 516 Vlvwhpd gh udgldflrq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5: 51615 51616 H{shulhqfldv frq owurv gh lqiuduurmr = = = = = = = = = = = = 63 Odpsdudv glfurlfdv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 65 517 Htxlsr sdud fdswdu orv gdwrv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 66 518 Htxlsr vhqfloor sdud uhdol}du h{shulhqfldv = = = = = = = = = = = = = 69 6 HYDSRUDFLRQ GH DJXD 6; 614 Ghqlflrqhv edvlfdv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6< 61414 61415 Frhflhqwhv gh wudqvsruwh = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6< H{suhvlrq dsur{lpdgd gh od ghqvlgdg gh ydsru = = = = = = 6< 615 Edodqfh hvwdflrqdulr gh hqhujd vreuh xqd pdvd gh djxd = = = = = 74 5 616 H{shulhqfldv gh hydsrudfl rq frq udgldfl rq = = = = = = = = = = = = = 75 61614 61615 Ydolgdflrq frq gdwrv eleolrju dfrv = = = = = = = = = = = = = 77 Lqxhqfld gh od yhorflgdg gho dluh = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 79 7 HO SURFHVR GH VHFDGR 714 715 716 717 718 7: Ghqlflrqhv edvlfdv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 7: Klsrwhvlv gh wudedmr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 83 Prghor gh vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 84 Prghor vhqfloor gh fruuhodfl rq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 84 Ydorudflrq gho prghor = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 85 8 VHFDGR GH WDEDFR 814 Lqwurgxfflrq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 89 81414 81415 815 816 817 89 81416 Dpduloodplhqwr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 89 Vhfdgr gh odplqd = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 8: Vhfdgr gh qhuydgxud = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 8; Gdwrv gh vhfdgr gho wdedfr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 8; Dsolfdflrq gho prghor gh vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 93 Vlpxodflrq gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 94 9 VHFDGR GH SLPLHQWR PRUURQ 914 915 916 917 Lqwurgxfflrq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 97 H{shulhqfldv uhdol}dgdv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 97 Gdwrv phglgrv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 99 Rwurv gdwrv phglgrv gh lqwhuhv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 9< 91714 91715 918 919 91: 91; 97 91716 Shvr vhfr gho surgxfwr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 9< Duhd gho surgxfwr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = :5 Uhodflrq D2p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = :6 Prghor gh vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = :7 Uhvxowdgrv rewhqlgrv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = :8 Vlpxodflrq gho surfhvr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;3 Ydolgdflrq frq h{shulhqfldv gh fdpsr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;5 91;14 Sulphu glvh qr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;5 6 91;15 Vhjxqgr glvh qr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;: : VHFDGR GH SLPLHQWR ODUJR :14 :15 :16 :17 :18 <7 Lqwurgxfflrq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = <7 H{shulhqfldv uhdol}dgdv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = <8 Juxsr L = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = <9 Juxsr LL = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = << :1714 Prghor gh vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 433 :1715 Vlpxodflrq gho surfhvr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 436 :1814 H{shulhqfld Vlp4 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 438 Juxsr LLL= Ydolgdflrq gho prghor = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 438 :1815 :1816 H{shulhqfldv Vlp5 | Vlp6 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 438 H{shulhqfld Vlp7 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 43: ; DQDOLVLV GH VHQVLELOLGDG ;14 ;15 ;16 ;17 ;18 444 Lqwurgxfflrq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 444 Surfhglplhqwr gh f dofxor = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 445 Vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 446 Vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 448 Frpsdudflrq gh odv uhvlvwhqfldv do vhfdgr = = = = = = = = = = = = = 449 < FRQFOXVLRQHV 44; D Surjudpdv 453 D14 Surjudpd gdw1edv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 453 D15 Surjudpd VlpWde1edv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 455 E Hydsrudfl rq gh djxd 459 E14 H{shulhqfld Q 4= Udgldfl rq @ 3 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 459 E15 H{shulhqfld Q 5= Udgldfl rq @ 539 Z@p E17 H{shulhqfld Q 7= Udgldfl rq @ 6<8 Z@p E19 H{shulhqfld Q 9= Udgldfl rq @ :79 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = 45: E16 H{shulhqfld Q 6= Udgldfl rq @ 5<4 Z@p E18 H{shulhqfld Q 8= Udgldfl rq @ 8;4 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = 45; = = = = = = = = = = = = 45; 7 = = = = = = = = = = = = 45; = = = = = = = = = = = = 45< F H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh wdedfr 463 F14 H{shulhqfld W4 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 463 F15 H{shulhqfld W5 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 464 F16 H{shulhqfld W6 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 464 F17 H{shulhqfld W7 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 465 G H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv pruurqhv 466 G14 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 3/5 p@v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 466 rq @ 3 Z@p G1414 H{shulhqfld Q 4 +S44,= Udgldfl = = = = = = 466 G1415 H{shulhqfld Q 5 +S45,= Udgldfl rq @ 6;8 Z@p = = = = = 467 G15 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 3/8 p@v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 468 G1514 H{shulhqfld Q 6 +S46,= Udgldfl rq @ ;53 Z@p = = = = = 468 G16 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 4 p@v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 469 G1614 H{shulhqfld Q 7 +S54,= Udgldfl rq @ 3 Z@p = = = = = = 469 G17 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 4 p@v = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 46; G1714 H{shulhqfld Q 7 +S55,= Udgldfl rq @ 783 Z@p = = = = = 46; G1715 H{shulhqfld Q 9 +S56,= Udgldfl rq @ ;;3 Z@p = = = = = 474 H Vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv odujrv 478 H14 H{shulhqfldv gh oderudwrulr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 478 H1414 Hohi4= L @ 4333 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 478 H1415 Hohi5= L @ 3 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 47: H1416 Hohi6= L @ 3 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 47< H1417 Hohi7= L @ <83 Z@p H1419 Hohi9= L @ 533 Z@p H1418 Hohi8= L @ 779 Z@p = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 483 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 484 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 486 H15 H{shulhqfldv gh fdpsr = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 487 H1514 Su4vlp4 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 487 H1515 Su4vlp5 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 487 H1516 Su5vlp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 488 H1517 Su6vlp = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 488 I Eleolrjudid 494 8 #,wW~W #,w +,5 #, 5,# , 5,#+,5 5w+,5 #W+,A5 TLh VWA+ a5, 55W Whvlv suhvhqwdgd d od Idfxowdg gh Flhqfldv H{dfwdv hq Mxqlr gh 4<<8/ sdud od Fduuhud gho Grfwrudgr hq Ivlfd +it4i? Vh ghvduuroor xq prghor txh ghvfuleh ho vhfdgr gh dojxqrv surgxfwrv dju0 frodv whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd ho xvr gh udgldfl rq/ dghp dv gh dluh fdolhqwh/ frpr phglr fdohidfwru sdud uhdol}du ho surfhvr1 Ho plvpr hv gh lpsruwdqfld sdud od vlpxodflrq gho frpsruwdplhqwr gh vhfdgruhv vroduhv gluhfwrv/ gh fuhflhqwh xvr hq od uhjlrq qrurhvwh gho sdv1 Ho hvwxglr/ gh wlsr h{shulphqwdo/ vh uhdol} r hq xq htxlsr gh oderudwrulr txh shuplwh frqwurodu | phglu odv frqglflrqhv gh yhqwlodfl rq/ whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh | gho surgxfwr1 Wdpelhq vh plgh od yduldfl rq gho shvr hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr hq irupd dxwrp dwlfd phgldqwh od dgdswdfl rq gh xqd edodq}d phfdqlfd1 Ho hvwdeohflplhqwr gh glvwlqwrv qlyhohv gh whpshudwxud | udgldfl rq/ shu0 plwlr fdudfwhul}du ho vhfdgr edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv/ ghvduuroo dqgrvh xq frq0 mxqwr gh surfhglplhqwrv txh sxhghq xvduvh sdud hydoxdu ho vhfdgr | jhqhudu orv sdudphwurv qhfhvdulrv sdud vx vlpxodfl rq1 Vh uhdol}durq h{shulhqfldv gh hydsrudfl rq gh djxd | vhfdgr gh wdedfr txh vh wxylhurq hq fxhqwd sdud od irupxodfl rq gho prghor gh vhfdgr frq udgldfl rq hq h{shulhqfldv frq grv ydulhgdghv gh slplhqwrv1 Hvwrv yhjhwdohv vh h{sxvlhurq fruwdgrv hq wur}rv vreuh xqd edqghmd d od dffl rq gho dluh fdolhqwh | od udgldfl rq lqflghqwh1 Ho prghor gho surfhvr frqvlghud orv edodqfhv gh fdoru | pdwhuld gh xqd pd0 qhud joredo | pdfurvfrslfd/ vlq lqwhuhvduvh sru od irupd jhrphwulfd gho surgxfwr ql hq orv surfhvrv plfurvfrslfrv ghwdoodgrv gh fdu dfwhu whuplfr | glixvlyr txh shuplwhq od pljudflrq gho djxd sdud orjudu od ghvklgudwdfl rq1 Orv sdu dphwurv lqwhuylqlhqwhv/ whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh/ udgldfl rq lqflghqwh vreuh ho iuxwr/ yhorflgdg gho dluh | duhd sru xqlgdg gh shvr/ mxqwr frq ho frqwh0 qlgr gh kxphgdg hq edvh vhfd/ shuplwhq rewhqhu xqd fruuhodfl rq h{shulphqwdo sdud ho surgxfwr1 Vh uhdol}r od ydolgdflrq gho prghor ghvduuroodgr hq edvh d odv h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr hq oderudwrulr/ phgldqwh od vlpxodfl rq gh h{shulphqwrv gh fdpsr txh lqyroxfudurq ho xvr gh od hqhujd vrodu1 Od ghvyldflrq hqwuh orv surfhvrv vlpxodgrv | orv h{shulphqwdohv hvwxyr frp0 suhqglgd hqwuh ho 4 | 9 sru flhqwr/ r elhq 3> 4 | 3> < nj@nj> vhj xq txh glfkd ghv0 yldflrq vh kxelhuh ghqlgr hq whuplqrv gho huuru uhodwlyr hqwuh ho ydoru phglgr gh shvr | ho vlpxodgr/ r odv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv glihuhqfldv devroxwdv/ uhvshfwlyd0 phqwh1 9 Od phwrgrorjd hpsohdgd sdud ho fdvr sduwlfxodu ghvduuroodgr hq hvwh wudedmr hv gh dsolfdflrq sdud rwurv surgxfwrv yhjhwdohv/ wdohv frpr pdq}dqdv/ edqdqdv/ fheroodv/ }dqdkruldv/ hwf1 vlhqgr vx jhqhudol}dfl rq lqphgldwd1 : Djudghflplhqwrv Ho dxwru ghvhd h{suhvdu vx uhfrqrflplhqwr do gluhfwru gh Whvlv/ Gu1 Oxlv Vdudyld/ sru vx vrvwhqlgr dsr|r sdud od uhdol}dfl rq gh hvwh wudedmr/ wdqwr sdud ho orjur gh od lqiudhvwuxfwxud gho oderudwrulr/ frpr sru od d|xgd eulqgdgd hq orv wudedmrv suhylrv vreuh ho whpd | sru odv vxjhuhqfldv d wudyhv gh od ohfwxud gho pdqxvfulwr1 D orv frohjdv gho Ghsduwdphqwr gh Ivlfd/ od Idfxowdg gh Flhqfldv H{dfwdv | ho Frqvhmr Vxshulru txh oh rwrujdurq od srvlelolgdg gho d qr vde dwlfr/ or txh oh shuplwl r whuplqdu frq od uhgdffl rq gh od Whvlv1 Sru x owlpr ghvhd djudghfhu d vx hvsrvd h klmdv sru dfrpsd qduor hq wrgrv orv prphqwrv txh ixhurq qhfhvdulrv sdud frpsohwdu hvwd Whvlv1 ; Fdswxor 4 LQWURGXFFLRQ 414 Prwlydfl rq | remhwlyrv Ho remhwlyr sulqflsdo gh hvwd whvlv hv ho ghvduuroor gh xq prghor txh sxhgd vhu xvdgr sdud ghvfulelu od yhorflgdg gho vhfdgr gh surgxfwrv yhjhwdohv vrphwlgrv d od dfflrq gh udgldflrq gxudqwh ho surfhvr1 Ydulrv remhwlyrv sdufldohv ixhurq fxpsolgrv sdud ho orjur gho dqwhulru/ d vdehu= Ghvduuroor | frqvwuxfflrq gh xq vhfdgru gh oderudwrulr/ gh wlsr w xqho/ sdud ho vhjxlplhqwr gho surfhvr/ | ghwhuplqdfl rq gh od delolgdg gho htxlsr phgldqwh vx dsolfdflrq do surfhvr gh hydsrudfl rq gh djxd | yhulfdfl rq gh orv uhvxowdgrv1 Ghvduuroor gh xq prghor pdwhp dwlfr/ gh wlsr ihqrphqro rjlfr/ sdud vlpx0 odu ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv frq udgldfl rq | ydolgdfl rq gho plvpr phgldqwh od vlpxodflrq gh orv gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv1 Frqvwuxfflrq gh xq htxlsr vhfdgru vhqfloor sdud od uhdol}dfl rq hq fdpsr gh suxhedv vlploduhv d odv gho oderudwrulr/ frq ho remhwr gh wudqvihuluor d srwhqfldohv lqwhuhvdgrv +surgxfwruhv r djulfxowruhv gho phglr txh ghvhhq srqhu d sxqwr ho vhfdgr gh qxhyrv surgxfwrv hq orv htxlsrv txh srvhdq,1 < 415 Sodq gh od reud Hq hvwd lqwurgxfflrq vh ghvduuroodq dvshfwrv jhqhudohv gho vhfdgr/ frq xqd euhyh suhvhqwdflrq gh orv vhfdgruhv grqgh sxhgh dsolfduvh ho hvwxglr hihfwxdgr hq hvwh wudedmr | vh uhdol}d xqd sulphud dsur{lpdfl rq gho phfdqlvpr gh vhfdgr | grv irupdv gh wudwdplhqwr1 Hq ho sur{lpr fdswxor vh ghvfuleh od frqvwuxffl rq gho htxlsr vhfdgru gh oderudwrulr/ vxv srvlelolgdghv sdud od ghwhuplqdfl rq gh orv sdu dphwurv gh lqwhuhv hq ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr frq udgldfl rq/ h{solf dqgrvh wdpelhq fx dohv vrq vxv olplwdflrqhv1 Hq ho fdswxor 6 vh hvwxgld od hydsrudfl rq gh djxd/ frpsdu dqgrvh orv uh0 vxowdgrv rewhqlgrv frq orv flwdgrv hq od eleolrjudid frq ho greoh surs rvlwr gh ydolgdu ho htxlsr | suhsdudu do ohfwru sdud ho remhwlyr fhqwudo gh hvwd whvlv= gh0 prvwudu txh ho hvwxglr gho vhfdgr sxhgh uhdol}duvh dghfxdgdphqwh phgldqwh od lqwurgxfflrq gh xqd uhvlvwhqfld gh vhfdgr do prghor gh hydsrudfl rq gh djxd1 Hq ho fdswxor 7 vh lqwurgxfhq odv ghqlflrqhv h kls rwhvlv e dvlfdv/ dv frpr od qrwdflrq hpsohdgd sdud derugdu ho vhfdgr gh v rolgrv hq jhqhudo1 Hq orv fdswxorv vxevljxlhqwhv vh suhvhqwdq orv uhvxowdgrv h{shulphqwdohv | ho ghvduuroor gh prghorv sdud od ghvfulsfl rq gho vhfdgr gh wdedfr/ slplhqwrv pruurqhv | slplhqwrv odujrv | vxv uhvshfwlydv vlpxodflrqhv1 Ilqdophqwh vh uhdol}d xq dq dolvlv gh vhqvlelolgdg edvdgr hq ho prghor | vh glvfxwhq odv srvlelolgdghv gh wudqvihuhqfld | dsolfdflrqhv gh xq vhfdgru vrodu vhqfloor1 416 Dvshfwrv jhqhudohv gho vhfdgr #i?U L? ) U*@tU@U L? _i tiU@_Lhit Ho vhfdgr vh ghqh frpr od holplqdfl rq sdxodwlqd gho otxlgr frqwhqlgr hq xq pdwhuldo v rolgr r fdvl v rolgr/ d whpshudwxudv txh hvw dq elhq sru ghedmr gho sxqwr gh hexoolfl rq gho otxlgr1 Hvwr sxhgh uhdol}duvh sru ho fdohqwdplhqwr gho vrolgr gluhfwdphqwh/ frpr hv ho fdvr gho vhfdgr sru h{srvlfl rq gho surgxfwr do vro/ r lqgluhfwdphqwh sru od frqyhffl rq iru}dgd gh dluh txh hv suhfdohqwdgr dqwhv gh sdvdu vreuh r d wudyhv gho pdwhuldo1 43 Iljxud 404= Vhfdgru vrodu sdvlyr vlpsoh1 4= Whfkr wudqvsduhqwh rulhqwdgr do qruwh1 5= Surgxfwr1 6= Vrsruwh gh od edqghmd Hmhpsorv gho sulphu fdvr or frqvwlwx|hq orv vhfdgruhv vroduhv sdvlyrv gh edqghmd | whfkr gh sodvwlfr frq sduhghv gh pdpsrvwhud txh vh sxhghq xvdu sdud ho vhfdgr gh ruhjdqr | rwurv surgxfwrv durp dwlfrv1 Dojxqrv glvh qrv gh hvwrv vhfdgruhv vh pxhvwud hq odv Iljxudv 404 | 405 ^<`1 Hq orv vhfdgruhv lqgluhfwrv odv frqglflrqhv gho vhfdgr vrq frqwurodgdv h{fox0 vlydphqwh sru od yhorflgdg/ whpshudwxud | kxphgdg gho dluh txh hv lq|hfwdgr do uhflqwr grqgh vh hqfxhqwud ho surgxfwr1 Glfkr dluh hv fdohqwdgr sru lqwhufdp0 eldgruhv gh fdoru d wudyhv gh phglrv frqyhqflrqdohv r sru frohfwruhv vroduhv1 Odv Iljxudv 406 | 407 pxhvwudq grv hmhpsorv gh hvwrv sdud ho fdvr gh xq vhfdgru vrodu gh pdghud | gh xqd ideulfd gh ghrv gh od Flxgdg gh Vdowd/ uhvshfwlydphqwh1 Rwur hmhpsor frp xq txh hvwh wlsr gh vhfdgr hv ho txh vh dsolfd do wdedfr Ylujlqld ^46`1 Hq hvwrv fdvrv ho yhjhwdo iuhvfr hv fdujdgr hq xqd hvwxid gh xqd pdqhud pdv r phqrv frpsdfwd | ho surfhvr hv uhdol}dgr wrwdophqwh d rvfxudv1 Od frpelqdflrq gh orv grv wlsrv gh phfdqlvprv gh fdohidffl rq gho surgxfwr gd oxjdu d vhfdgruhv pl{wrv/ frq frohfwruhv vroduhv r fdohidfwruhv dx{lolduhv sdud fdohqwdu ho dluh/ dghpdv gh od h{srvlfl rq do vro gho surgxfwr edmr fxelhuwdv gh so dvwlfr wudqvsduhqwh1 Odv Iljxudv 408 | 409 pxhvwudq grv glvh qrv gh hvwh wlsr gh vhfdgruhv pl{wrv/ gh frqyhffl rq qdwxudo/ xvdgrv sdud ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv | duur}/ uhvshfwlydphqwh1 Ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg do qdo gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr/ ghwhuplqdgr sru od lqyduldqfld gho shvr gh od pxhvwud do sdvdu ho wlhpsr/ vh vxhoh ghqrplqdu 44 Iljxud 405= Vhfdgru vrodu sdvlyr vlpsoh1 d, 4= So dvwlfr wudqvsduhqwh1 5= So dvwlfr qhjur1 6= Edqghmd1 e, 4= Surgxfwr1 5= Hvwdfdv1 6= So dvwlfr wudqvsduhqwh1 gh htxloleulr sdud odv frqglflrqhv hvshflfdgdv1 Hvwh frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg gh htxloleulr dxphqwdud vl vh dxphqwd od kxphgdg gho dluh flufxqgdqwh/ r srgu d glvplqxlu vl vh dxphqwd od whpshudwxud gho plvpr +| sru frqvljxlhqwh glvplqx|h od kxphgdg uhodwlyd gho dluh,1 Frpr odv frqglflrqhv kdelwxdohv gh vhfdgr/ vhj xq |d vh glmr/ glvwdq pxfkr gh odv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv d od hexoolfl rq gho djxd/ oohydqgr ho surgxfwr d hvwxid | vrphwlhgror d whpshudwxudv pd|ruhv txh 433 F shuplwlu d txh vh olehuh ho uhvwr gh kxphgdg oljdgd do plvpr1 Sru rwur odgr/ od glihuhqfld hqwuh ho frqwhqlgr wrwdo gh kxphgdg | od kxphgdg gh htxloleulr vh ghqrplqd frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg oleuh1 Ghvgh ho sxqwr gh ylvwd whfqlfr hv suhihuleoh ghqlu ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg gh xq surgxfwr hq uhodflrq d vx shvr frpsohwdphqwh vhfr1 Hq fdpelr/ ghvgh xq sxqwr gh ylvwd pdv lqwxlwlyr h lpsxhvwr sru od su dfwlfd frphufldo/ hv suhihuleoh uhihuluor do shvr lqlfldo gho surgxfwr iuhvfr r wrwdophqwh k xphgr1 45 Iljxud 406= Vhfdgru frq yhqwlodgru sdud pdghud1 4= Slod gh pdghud1 5= Sduhg vxu dlvodgd1 6= Whfkr | 7= sduhg qruwh wudqvsduhqwhv1 8= Edvh gh frqfuhwr1 9= Devruehgru gh doxplqlr slqwdgr gh qhjur1 := Yhqwlodgru d{ldo1 ;= Y doyxodv ghhfwrudv | gh yhqwlodflrq1 2 Ah@|@4i?|L |i LhUL Hq jhqhudo/ ho vhfdgr hv xq surfhvr hq ho txh rfxuuh wdqwr od pljudfl rq gh kxphgdg ghqwur gho vrolgr frpr vx hydsrudfl rq ghvgh od vxshuflh | kdfld ho dluh txh or urghd1 Ho ihqrphqr gh wudqvsruwh gh kxphgdg ghqwur gho fxhusr hv fdxvdgr sru glvwlqwdv _ixhu}dv% r srwhqfldohv lpsxovruhv= glixvl rq prohfxodu/ suhvl rq/ jud0 yhgdg | whqvlrq fdslodu1 Od lpsruwdqfld gh hvwrv hihfwrv ghshqgh gho pdwhuldo | gh odv frqglflrqhv gh vhfdgr/ h{lvwlhqgr vlhpsuh xq dfrsodplhqwr hqwuh odv wudqvihuhqfldv gh fdoru | pdvd lqyroxfudgrv1 Dojxqrv lqyhvwljdgruhv ^53` kdq ghvduuroodgr xq prghor wh rulfr sdud ho vh0 fdgr gh dolphqwrv sru frqyhffl rq/ whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd ho hqfrjlplhqwr txh vxiuh ho pdwhuldo frpr sduwh ixqgdphqwdo gho surfhvr1 Frq hvwh hqirtxh od suh0 glfflrq whrulfd gho vhfdgr hv ixqgdphqwdophqwh xq sureohpd gh wudqvihuhqfld vlpxowdqhd gh fdoru | pdvd/ fx|d vroxfl rq gheh qhfhvduldphqwh gduvh frpr ixqflrqhv gho wlhpsr | srvlflrq ghqwur gho surgxfwr wdqwr sdud od whpshudwxud frpr sdud ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg/ vlhpsuh txh ho plvpr sxhgd ghqluvh hq whuplqrv gh vxv surslhgdghv whuprivlfdv | whuprglq dplfdv gh htxloleulr +sru hmhpsor odv lvrwhupdv gh vrufl rq,1 Sru hoor xqd judq fdqwlgdg gh sxeolfdflrqhv 46 Yhqwlodgru DD .. OO OO O O ! Lqwhuf1 gh Fdoru ,?|h@_@ _i hi ! Vdolgd \ _ ! Iljxud 407= Uhflqwr gh vhfdgr sdud ghrv1 vh rfxsd gh hvwh dvshfwr ^8` sdud dsruwdu d od suhglffl rq wh rulfd gho vhfdgr gh dolphqwrv1 Ho hvwxglr plfurvfrslfr gho phfdqlvpr gh wudqvsruwh gh kxphgdg gxudqwh ho vhfdgr qr hv vhqfloor ghelgr d od frpsohmlgdg gh od hvwuxfwxud | frpsrvlfl rq gh hvwrv surgxfwrv1 Pdv hvshffdphqwh= Orv frhflhqwhv gh od wudqvihuhqfld gh fdoru | pdvd dv frpr odv sur0 slhgdghv whuprivlfdv gh orv dolphqwrv vrq ixhuwhphqwh ghshqglhqwhv gh od whpshudwxud | ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg/ or txh kdfh txh odv hfxd0 flrqhv glihuhqfldohv txh ghvfulehq od wudqvihuhqfld gh fdoru | pdvd hq ho phglr vrolgr vhdq qr olqhdohv | v ror sxhgdq uhvroyhuvh phgldqwh phwrgrv qxphulfrv1 Dgrswdqgr od kls rwhvlv gh txh hvwdv surslhgdghv vrq frqvwdq0 whv/ vh sxhghq rewhqhu vroxflrqhv dqdowlfdv1 Hvwrv surgxfwrv vh hqfrjhq hq judq phglgd gxudqwh ho vhfdgr frq ho frqvh0 fxhqwh fdpelr hq ho wdpd qr | od irupd/ dihfwdqgr od yhorflgdg gho vhfdgr gh pdqhud vljqlfdwlyd1 Vh sxhgh ghvsuhfldu ho hqfrjlplhqwr r devruehu vx hihfwr ghwhuplqdqgr xq frhflhqwh gh glixvl rq hihfwlyr1 Hvwh sodqwhr gh sulphurv sulqflslrv sxhgh vlpsolfduvh vl hq vx oxjdu vh uhdol}d xq sodqwhr ihqrphqrorjlfr txh whqjd hq fxhqwd odv vljxlhqwhv kls rwhvlv= Qr hv qhfhvdulr frqrfhu od rshudfl rq gh vhfdgr gh pdqhud _frpsohwd%/ 47 Iljxud 408= Vhfdgru pl{wr frq frohfwru sodqr1 4= Edqghmdv frq ho pdwhuldo d vhfdu1 5= Ho whfkr | orv odgrv hvw dq fxelhuwrv sru so dvwlfr wudqvsduhqwh1 6= Sduhg vxu dlvodgd1 7= Frohfwru1 frq ghwhuplqdflrq gh orv shuohv gh kxphgdg | whpshudwxud ghqwur gho surgxfwr/ vl vh rewlhqh od fxuyd gh vhfdgr/ hq od irupd shvr yv1 wlhpsr/ edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv gh orv sdu dphwurv ivlfrv txh uhjxodq od flqhwlfd1 Od ghwhuplqdflrq gh odv surslhgdghv whuprivlfdv gh orv surgxfwrv/ vh sxhgh uhhpsod}du sru od e xvtxhgd h{shulphqwdo gh fruuhodflrqhv txh lq0 yroxfuhq/ lqgluhfwdphqwh/ orv ydoruhv gh glfkdv surslhgdghv sdud glvwlqwrv frqwhqlgrv gh kxphgdg | whpshudwxudv gh orv plvprv1 Vh fdpeld ho hqirtxh plfurvf rslfr/ txh oohyd d od qhfhvlgdg gh dmxvwdu surslhgdghv wdohv frpr od phqflrqdgd glixvlylgdg hihfwlyd gh od kxph0 gdg/ sru od e xvtxhgd gh dojxqd surslhgdg pdfurvf rslfd | p dv joredo txh lqfox|d orv ihqrphqrv plfurvf rslfrv1 Od whrud vh ydolgd frq ho h{shulphqwr fxdqgr h{lvwh dfxhugr hqwuh odv uhvshfwlydv fxuydv gh vhfdgr1 Ho remhwlyr hqwrqfhv gh hvwh rwur sxqwr gh ylvwd hv ho ghvduuroor gh xq prghor pdwhpdwlfr gh wlsr khxuvwlfr/ ghqwur gho fxdo vh devruedq hihfwrv wdohv frpr ho hqfrjlplhqwr/ ho frqwhqlgr gh djxd gho surgxfwr | od irupd gho plvpr1 Od glvsrqlelolgdg gh hvwh prghor wlhqh xq q su dfwlfr sxhv vh srgu d vlpxodu hq 48 Iljxud 409= Vhfdgru yhqwlodgru sru hihfwr fklphqhd1 4= Surgxfwr1 5= Frohfwru | 6= fxelhuwd gh sodvwlfr wudqvsduhqwh1 7= Dfxpxodgru1 8= Fklphqhd1 irupd vhqflood ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr frq surs rvlwrv gh glvh qr gho htxlsr gh vhfdgr vrodu hq od hvfdod uhdo1 Sru rwud sduwh/ hvwh hvwxglr lqfox|h ho hihfwr gh od udgldfl rq lqflghqwh vreuh ho surgxfwr/ ho fxdo/ frpr vh yhu d/ qr vh ghwhuplqdu d lqgluhfwdphqwh/ d sduwlu gh od frqvlghudflrq gh od whpshudwxud gho iuxwr/ vlqr sru od lqfoxvl rq h{soflwd gh od udgldflrq L/ h{suhvdgd hq Z@p 1 Hq jhqhudo/ ho hvsulwx h{shulphqwdo txh suhydohfl r hq hvwd whvlv vh sxhgh uhvxplu hq ho vljxlhqwh wh{wr/ h{wudgr gh Wuh|edo ^4<`= _Gh ruglqdulr/ vror hv srvleoh hvshfxodu dfhufd gh fx do gh orv phfdqlvprv +gh vhfdgr, hv dsursldgr sdud xq v rolgr sduwlfxodu> vh gheh frqdu hq xq wudwdplhqwr p dv r phqrv hpsulfr gh odv yhorflgdghv h{shulphqwdohv gh vhfdgr%1 49 Fdswxor 5 HTXLSR H[SHULPHQWDO Hq hvwh fdswxor vh ghvfulehq ho glvh qr/ frqvwuxffl rq | ixqflrqdplhqwr gho htxlsr gh oderudwrulr txh ixh xvdgr sdud uhdol}du hvwh wudedmr1 Frpr ho vhfdgr vrodu gh surgxfwrv yhjhwdohv vh uhdol}d phgldqwh od fror0 fdflrq gh dtxhoorv vreuh edqghmdv/ txh vh srqhq hq frqwdfwr frq dluh fdolhqwh hq prylplhqwr/ odv yduldeohv ixqgdphqwdohv gho surfhvr vrq odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh/ vx yhorflgdg/ od whpshudwxud gho surgxfwr | od udgldflrq lqflghqwh1 Hvwr vh wxyr hq fxhqwd sdud glvh qdu xq htxlsr gh oderudwrulr sdud hihf0 wxdu h{shulhqfldv frqwurodgdv gh vhfdgr frq udgldfl rq/ plhqwudv vh pdqwlhqhq frqvwdqwhv odv yduldeohv phqflrqdgdv1 514 Glvh qr gho vhfdghur Sdud txh ho glvsrvlwlyr h{shulphqwdo shuplwd dsuhfldu od dffl rq gh od ud0 gldflrq vreuh ho surgxfwr d vhfdu/ dghp dv gh odv rwudv yduldeohv frqyhqflrqdohv/ vrq qhfhvdulrv orv vljxlhqwhv hohphqwrv= xqd f dpdud gh vhfdgr/ xqd o dpsdud sdud vlpxodu od udgldfl rq/ xq yhqwlodgru/ xq fdohidfwru gho dluh/ xq dfrqglflrqdgru gh kxphgdg | xq frqghqvdgru sdud holplqdu od kxphgdg hq h{fhvr +Iljxud 504,1 Ho frqghqvdgru/ frqvlvwhqwh hq xq udgldgru gh dxwrp rylo/ vh hqfdujd gh od h{wudfflrq gho djxd frqwhqlgd hq ho dluh sru hqflpd gho ydoru gh vdwxudfl rq/ r gh oohydu od kxphgdg uhodwlyd gho dluh d xq qlyho ghvhdgr1 Sdud kdfhu hihfwlyr vx ixqflrqdplhqwr vh gheh kdfhu flufxodu djxd hqiuldgd phgldqwh xq htxlsr 4: UL?_UL?@_Lh _i 4i_@_ K ! F dpdud ZZZZ Z @*iu@U|Lh ? J? JJJ J L?_i?t@_Lh Eh@_@_Lh " Vi?|*@_Lh 99DDI I II Iljxud 504= Glvh qr gho w xqho gh vhfdgr1 gh khodghud/ xqd erped sdud lpsxovdu ho djxd | xq vlvwhpd gh frqwuro gh whpshudwxud1 Vlq hpedujr/ h{shulhqfldv dqwhulruhv ^46/ 47`/ pxhvwudq txh hq odv frqgl0 flrqhv folpdwlfdv gh od pd|ru sduwh gho QRD/ frq xqd uhodwlyd vhtxhgdg gho dpelhqwh/ ho w xqho gh vhfdgr gh flufxlwr fhuudgr frq shtxh qdv shuglgdv hv vx0 flhqwh sdud orjudu od uhqrydfl rq gho dluh | od holplqdfl rq gh od kxphgdg/ | idflolwd ho frqwuro gh od whpshudwxud | kxphgdg gho dluh1 Vh rsw r sru xq glvh qr ghqlwlyr frpr ho txh vh pxhvwud hq od Iljxud 505/ grqgh orv sxqwrv +4, | +5, vrq orv oxjduhv grqgh vh surgxfh od sxujd gh dluh | kxphgdg1 515 Htxlsr frqvwuxgr Od irwrjudid gh od Iljxud 506 shuplwh dsuhfldu dojxqrv frpsrqhqwhv gho htxlsr= od fxelhuwd gh ylgulr gh od f dpdud gh vhfdgr ~vreuh od txh vh frorfdq so dvwlfrv wudqvsduhqwhv sdud dwhqxdu od udgldfl rq~/ xqd edodq}d _Phwwohu% txh vh xvd sdud odv phglflrqhv gho shvr gh od pxhvwud/ xqd o dpsdud gh 4 nZ gh srwhqfld qrplqdo frq od txh vh vlpxod od udgldfl rq vreuh ho surgxfwr/ whuprfxsodv txh plghq odv whpshudwxudv gho dluh | gho surgxfwr | od dlvodfl rq whuplfd gh odqd gh ylgulr1 Hq od irwrjudid gh od Iljxud 507 vh revhuyd ho prwru gho yhqwlodgru fhqwuixjr/ 4; D 8 D w@4T@h@ 8 +4, Edodq}d " Edqghmd ! Ydsrul}dgru 6*|hLt T* @t|ULt B B G/ B / B B 6A 00 ! Yhqwlodgruhv +5, ! Fdohidfwru Iljxud 505= Glvh qr ghqlwlyr1 od sduwh vxshulru gho w xqho gh vhfdgr/ ho vlvwhpd gh whuprvwdwr sdud ho frqwuro gh od whpshudwxud | xqd fdpdud rsflrqdo sdud frorfdu ho ydsrul}dgru1 Wdpelhq vh sxhgh yhu ho srolhvwluhqr h{sdqglgr xvdgr sdud dlvodu odv sduhghv gho w xqho1 22 i__@ ) UL?|hL* _i |i4Tih@|h@t ) 4i_@_ Grv whuprfxsodv gh freuh~frqvwdqw dq shuplwhq phglu odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh1 Hvwdv ydq frorfdgdv hq od f dpdud gh vhfdgr/ kdelhqgrvh wrpdgr odv suhfdxflrqhv dfrqvhmdgdv sru od eleolrjudid sdud wudwdu gh rewhqhu gdwrv ghgljqrv ^4;`1 Ixqgdphqwdophqwh vh kd sxhvwr fxlgdgr hq dupdu xq exoer k xphgr txh hvwh surwhjlgr gh od udgldfl rq/ vh pdqwhqjd prmdgr frq djxd ghvwlodgd | uhfled xqd exhqd yhqwlodfl rq1 Vh frqvwdwr od ljxdogdg gh dpedv whpshudwxudv fxdqgr vh vhfd ho exoer k xphgr/ vlhqgr od dsuhfldflrq gh od phglgd gh whpshudwxud gho rughq gho phglr judgr1 Ho fdofxor gh odv kxphgdghv devroxwdv | uhodwlydv vh uhdol}d phgldqwh xq surjudpd gh frpsxwdgrud txh lqfox|h odv fruuhodflrqhv gh Ihuuho | Dqwrlqh/ frpr vh lqglfd hq ho Dshqglfh D +surjudpd _gdw1edv%, r hq ho Fdswxor 61 Vl elhq hq sulqflslr vh xvr xq vhqvru gh kxphgdg edvdgr hq od yduldfl rq gh fdsdflgdg hohfwulfd frq od kxphgdg/ gho wlsr _Ydlvdod%/ odv suxhedv uhdol}dgdv 4< Iljxud 506= Ylvwd sdufldo gh od f dpdud gh vhfdgr1 sdud fdoleuduor | od lqhvwdelolgdg gh odv ohfwxudv phgldqwh ho plvpr/ reoljdurq d ghvdfrqvhmdu vx xvr1 Sdud fdohidfflrqdu ho dluh vh xvdurq grv yhodv gh fxdu}r frqhfwdgdv d xq Yduldf1 Xqd yh} dupdgr ho htxlsr/ vh hqfhqglhurq orv vlvwhpdv gh fdohidffl rq | yhqwlodflrq/ frq r vlq udgldflrq/ frq ho remhwr gh revhuydu odv xfwxdflrqhv txh vxiuhq odv whpshudwxudv gh dfxhugr frq ho frqwuro hmhuflgr sru xq vlvwhpd gh whuprvwdwr frqyhqflrqdo +Iljxud 508,1 Vh revhuyr xqd exhqd hvwdelolgdg sdud odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer k xphgr/ dpelhqwh | od kxphgdg srufhqwxdo1 Hq fdpelr od whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr dsduhfd frq xqd glvshuvlrq gh kdvwd ; F1 Sdud vxevdqdu hq dojr hvwh hihfwr/ vh frorfr ho vhqvru gho whuprvwdwr p dv fhufd gho fdohidfwru ~hq oxjdu gh od 53 Iljxud 507= Irwrjudid gho w xqho gh vhfdgr1 fdpdud gh vhfdgr grqgh hvwded~/ frq or fxdo vh kl}r p dv u dslgd vx uhvsxhvwd/ frpr vh lqglfd hq od Iljxud 509/ fruuhvsrqglhqwh d wuhv hwdsdv gho frqwuro= duudqtxh | oohjdgd kdvwd xqrv 7; F/ pdqwhqlplhqwr hq hvwd whpshudwxud | srvwhulru dxphqwr kdvwd douhghgru gh 9; F1 Vh frqvlghud txh xqd glvshuvl rq gh od whpshudwxud gh 8 F/ hq wlhpsrv gh 6 plqxwrv/ hv dfhswdeoh sdud odv h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr d uhdol}du/ qr dfxvdqgr odv fxuydv gh hyroxfl rq gho shvr hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr glfkdv yduldflrqhv/ ghelgr d od lqhufld plvpd gho vlvwhpd1 Vlq hpedujr/ phgldqwh od mdfl rq gh orv qlyhohv gh whpshudwxud hq irupd lqgluhfwd sru phglr gho Yduldf/ txh ghwhuplqd od whqvl rq vreuh orv hohphqwrv fdohidfwruhv/ vh rewlhqhq uhvxowdgrv pxfkr phmruhv1 Hihfwlydphqwh/ do dofdq}du od whpshudwxud ghvhdgd do fder gh douhghgru gh grv krudv gh ixqflrqdplhqwr gho htxlsr +hvwdgr hvwdflrqdulr,/ txhgdq mdgrv orv glvwlqwrv qlyhohv gh whpshudwxud qhfhvdulrv sdud fdgd h{shulhqfld/ frpr sxhgh yhuvh hq orv ju dfrv uhvshfwlyrv sdud orv fdvrv gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwr hq ho fdswxor 91 Ho surfhglplhqwr sdud dxphqwdu od kxphgdg uhodwlyd gho dluh hv od ydsrul0 }dflrq gh djxd gluhfwdphqwh d od fruulhqwh gh dluh1 Hvwr vh orjud phgldqwh xq sdu gh hohfwurgrv frqhfwdgrv d od uhg hohfwulfd d wudyhv gh rwur Yduldf/ ho txh 54 Iljxud 508= Frpsruwdplhqwr gho frqwuro gh whpshudwxud1 shuplwh uhjxodu od lqfrusrudfl rq gho ydsru jhqhudgr hq xq uhflslhqwh so dvwlfr txh frqwlhqh djxd | ghqwur gh od fxdo vh vxphujhq orv hohfwurgrv1 Frq whqvlr0 qhv gh dolphqwdflrq hqwuh 433 | 483 Y/ ho htxlsr shuplwh oohjdu d xqd kxphgdg uhodwlyd gho dluh hqwuh ho :3 ( | od vdwxudfl rq1 222 Vi*LU_@_ _i* @hi Gh dfxhugr frq od Iljxud 505/ ho vlvwhpd frqvwd gh grv yhqwlodgruhv dolphq0 wdgrv sru xqd whqvlrq gh 553 Y sdud srqhu ho dluh hq prylplhqwr1 Ho txh vh hqfxhqwud hqwuh od edqghmd | ho fdohidfwru hv gh xmr d{ldo/ gho wlsr xvdgr sdud frpsxwdgrudv/ | wlhqh xqd srwhqfld p d{lpd gh douhghgru gh 53 Z / txh vh uhjxod phgldqwh xq Yduldf1 Ho rwur wlhqh xq prwru gh 6@7 KS | hv gh wlsr fhqwuixjr1 Od yhorflgdg gho dluh vh plgh d od dowxud gh od edqghmd grqgh yd frorfdgr ho surgxfwr/ xvdqgrvh xq dqhp rphwur WD 733W/ _Dlurz%/ fx|d dsuhfldfl rq hv gh dsur{lpdgdphqwh 3> 4 p@v | ho udqjr gh kdvwd 7 p@v1 55 Iljxud 509= Frpsruwdplhqwr phmrudgr gho whuprvwdwr1 22 it@_@ _i *@ 4it|h@ Hq sulqflslr odv phglflrqhv vh uhdol}durq sru ohfwxud gluhfwd phgldqwh xqd edodq}d phfdqlfd Phwwohu S4543 gxudqwh judq sduwh gho wudedmr/ kdvwd txh vh orjur od dxwrpdwl}dflrq gh od wrpd gh shvr1 Od Iljxud 50: pxhvwud ho vlvwhpd ghqlwlyr txh vh frqvwux| r sdud dgdswdu od edodq}d phfdqlfd | srghu shvdu ho surgxfwr/ phgldqwh od vxmhfl rq gh od edqghmd hq od txh vh ghsrvlwd/ sru phglr gh xq jdqfkr txh vh hqfxhqwud hq od edvh gh od edodq}d1 Ho shvr vh ohh phgldqwh xq vlvwhpd hohfwu rqlfr/ txh shuplwh fdswdu ho gdwr dxwrpdwlfdphqwh sru frpsxwdgrud1 Sdud ghwhuplqdu od suhflvl rq gh od edodq}d/ vh uhdol}durq suxhedv gh shvdgd frpsdudqgr ho shvr phglgr hq ho sodwloor gh od plvpd frq ho rewhqlgr hq od edqghmd sdud surgxfwrv1 Orv ydoruhv h{shulphqwdohv vh pxhvwudq hq od Wdeod 514/ frq orv shvrv h{0 suhvdgrv hq judprv1 Od uhodfl rq surphglr hqwuh ho ydoru phglgr hq ho sodwloor | ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh gh edqghmd hv 5/68;1 Sru rwur odgr/ uhdol}dqgr phglflrqhv gho plvpr shvr hq edqghmd/ glvwulex0 |hqgr flqfr shvdv vhj xq glvwlqwdv srvlflrqhv/ vh rewxylhurq uhvxowdgrv glihuhqwhv= 56 UU Z Z 22 Edodq}d * * * F dpdud gh vhfdgr Edqghmd " Dluh Iljxud 50:= Vlvwhpd gh shvdgd1 Shvr hq sodwloor +4, <5/33 48;/<8 4;7/94 :<4/94 ;3</5< ;:8/8< <69/5< <95/94 Shvr hq edqghmd +5, 6</33 99/<6 ::/:6 667/<3 677/4< 6:7/47 6<</<5 73;/84 Uhodfl rq +4,2+5, 5/68< 5/6:8 5/6:8 5/697 5/684 5/673 5/674 5/689 Gdwr +5, dsur{lpdgr 6< 9: :; 668 677 6:7 733 73< Uhodfl rq dsur{lpdgd 5/73 5/73 5/73 5/69 5/68 5/67 5/67 5/68 Wdeod 514= Uhodflrq hqwuh orv shvrv ohgrv hq edqghmd +sxhvwrv hq ho fhqwur, | hq sodwloor +gdwrv hq judprv,1 Xqd shvd hq ho fhqwur | 7 hq orv erughv= ::/;9 j1 Wrgdv hq ho fhqwur= :;/66 j1 Dolqhdgdv hq ho fhqwur= ::/<; j1 Dolqhdgdv hq vhqwlgr shushqglfxodu= :;/3< j1 Xqd hq ho fhqwur | 7 hq orv erughv= :;/85 j1 Kdfld xq frvwdgr= :</:7 j1 Hq iuhqwh= :;/76 j1 Hq rwur frvwdgr= :;/;: j1 Hq iuhqwh gh hvwh= ::/<< j1 Ydoru surphglr= :;/7 j1 Huuru fxdgu dwlfr phglr= 3/51 Sru or wdqwr/ odv xqlgdghv gh judpr vrq vhjxudv/ qr dv odv ghflpdv1 Gh doo hq pdv vh ghflglr ohhu vror kdvwd od fliud gh od xqlgdg/ wrp dqgrvh od suhfdxfl rq gh frorfdu orv shvrv vlhpsuh douhghgru gho fhqwur | sxhvwrv hq irupd vlphwulfd1 57 Ghwdoohv vreuh od edodq}d Hq hvwd vhfflrq vh uhdol}d xq uhvxphq gho wudedmr sxeolfdgr hq odv phpruldv gh od Dvrfldflrq Ivlfd gh od Dujhqwlqd +DID,/ fruuhvsrqglhqwhv d od uhxql rq uhdol}dgd hq Wxfxpdq hq 4<<4 ^43`1 Hvwh wudedmr ixh uhdol}dgr frq od froder0 udflrq gh Gdqlho Kr|rv1 HO VHQVRU GH FDPSR PDJQHWLFR _NP]43% Ho NP]43 hv xq vhqvru gh fdpsr pdjqhwlfr gh judq suhflvl rq txh kdfh xvr gho hihfwr pdjqhwr~uhvlvwlyr/ sru ho fxdo xq frqgxfwru fdpeld vx uhvlvwlylgdg hq suhvhqfld gh xq fdpsr pdjqhwlfr h{whuqr1 Hvwh fdpelr hv ghelgr d txh orv sruwdgruhv gh fdujd h{shulphqwdq od ixhu}d gh Oruhqw} sru od suhvhqfld gh glfkr fdpsr do dwudyhvdu ho pdwhuldo hvshfldo gho txh vh hqfxhqwud khfkr ho frqgxfwru1 Hq ho fdvr gho NP]43/ ho pdwhuldo hv xqd shofxod ghojdgd gh _shupd0 oor|%/ frqvlvwhqwh hq xqd dohdfl rq ihuurpdjqhwlfd txh frqwlhqh 53 ( gh klhuur | ;3 ( gh qtxho/ | wlhqh od surslhgdg gh vhu xqd pdjqhwruhvlvwhqfld +shupd0 oor|@_dohdflrq pdjqhwlfd shupdqhqwh%,/ sru or fxdo h{lvwh xq yhfwru pdjqhwl0 }dflrq qr qxor1 H{whulruphqwh/ sru od dffl rq gh xq fdpsr pdjqhwlfr/ vh sxhgh surgxflu xqd urwdflrq gho yhfwru pdjqhwl}dfl rq/ uhodwlyd d od gluhffl rq gh xmr gh od fruulhqwh/ or txh rfdvlrqd fdpelrv hq vx uhvlvwlylgdg1 Ho vhqvru hv xq fkls txh frqvwd gh fxdwur wludv gh shupdoor|/ ghsrvlwdgdv hq }lj}dj vreuh xq vxvwudwr gh vlolflr1 Odv uhvlvwhqfldv dv irupdgdv vh frqhfwdq frpr orv fxdwur eud}rv gh xq sxhqwh gh Zkhdwvwrqh1 Ho judgr gh ghvedodqfh gho sxhqwh vh xvd sdud lqglfdu od lqwhqvlgdg gho fdpsr pdjqhwlfr h{whuqr r od yduldflrq gh glfkr fdpsr hq ho sodqr gh odv wludv gh shupdoor| | shushqgl0 fxoduphqwh do vhqwlgr gh od fruulhqwh1 Odv glphqvlrqhv joredohv gho hohphqwr frphufldo vrq gh 8/5 pp 7/; pp1 Od vh qdo gh dolphqwdflrq gho sxhqwh hv surylvwd sru xqd ixhqwh yduldeoh gh whqvlrq frqwlqxd mdgd hq 8 Y | od gh vdolgd hv hq plolyrowlrv1 Hv qhfhvdulr frqwdu frq xq fdpsr pdjqhwlfr dx{loldu sdud hylwdu fdpelrv hq od fxuyd fdudfwhuvwlfd gho vhqvru +gdgd sru Y yv1 K ,1 Hq or txh d hvwh wudedmr frqflhuqh/ K | K +odv frpsrqhqwhv txh lqwhuhvdq gho fdpsr pdjqhwlfr h{whuqr, ixhurq surgxflgdv sru lpdqhv shupdqhqwhv/ gh orv txh vh xvdq sdud pdqwhqhu dylvdgruhv shjdgrv hq vxshuflhv phw dolfdv1 Odv 58 glvwdqfldv hqwuh orv lpdqhv | ho vhqvru ixhurq ghwhuplqdgdv h{shulphqwdophqwh gh prgr txh od vh qdo hq Yrowlrv gh od vdolgd ixhud dsur{lpdgdphqwh olqhdo frq ho ghvsod}dplhqwr hq od gluhffl rq gh K 1 PRGR GH RSHUDFLRQ FRPR EDODQ]D Gdgr txh ho glvsrvlwlyr dupdgr frpr vh lqglf r dqwhv hv vhqvleoh d orv ghv0 sod}dplhqwrv uhodwlyrv hqwuh ho lp dq txh suryhh od frpsrqhqwh K gho fdpsr | xqr gh orv odgrv gho vhqvru/ vh uhdol}durq suxhedv sdud yhulfdu vx uhvsxhvwd dqwh wdohv fdpelrv1 Ho udqjr gh yduldfl rq sdud od glvwdqfld | ixh ghwhuplqdgr hq : pp/ hq ud}rq gh vhu hvwh ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh do ghvsod}dplhqwr gho sodwr gh od edodq}d phfdqlfd/ sdud lqglfdu xq udqjr gh 433 j hq shvr1 Phgldqwh xq plfursrvlflrqdgru vh uhdol}durq phglflrqhv suholplqduhv gh od whqvlrq gh vdolgd phglgd hq pY hq ixqfl rq gho ghvsod}dplhqwr hq pp +glvwdqfld uhfruulgd sru ho sodwr,1 Dpsolfdqgr od vh qdo frqyhqlhqwhphqwh/ | oxhjr gh rswlpl}du od glvwdqfld pqlpd hqwuh ho vhqvru | ho lp dq jhqhudgru gho fdpsr K / sxgr revhuyduvh xqd vhqvleoh phmrud hq od olqhdolgdg gh od uhvsxhvwd1 Vh lqvwdor ho glvsrvlwlyr vreuh od edodq}d phf dqlfd gh prgr txh dfxvdud ho ghvsod}dplhqwr gho sodwr frpr vh h{solf r dqwhv1 Od fdoleudfl rq lqglfd xqd fxuyd fxdgudwlfd frq xq frhflhqwh gh fruuhodfl rq fhufdqr d 41 Vh yhulf r od hvwdelolgdg gh od fdoleudflrq/ uhdol}dqgr phglflrqhv gxudqwh ydulrv gdv1 Od Iljxud 50; pxhvwud dojxqrv ghwdoohv gho hohphqwr vhqvru | ho sodwr gh od edodq}d do txh vh mr xqr gh orv lpdqhv1 GLVSRVLWLYR GH DPSOLILFDFLRQ Ghelgr d txh ho vlvwhpd gh fdswdfl rq gh orv gdwrv +_Nhlwkoh|/ V|vwhp 8:3%, uhtxhud xqd vh qdo gho rughq gh orv 8 Y/ vh ghel r glvh qdu | frqvwuxlu xq glvsrvl0 wlyr gh dpsolfdflrq1 Sdud hoor vh oohj r d xq glvh qr txh vdwlvflhud od frqglfl rq gh hvwdelolgdg dqwh yduldflrqhv whuplfdv |2r gh vh qdohv gh udglriuhfxhqfldv1 Orv ghwdoohv gho flufxlwr hohfwu rqlfr hvw dq h{solflwdgrv hq ho wudedmr ^43` | hq ho oleur gh Frxjkolq | Glvfrol ^6`1 59 Lpdq K ! NP]43 K Lp dq : pp Sodwr gh od edodq}d Iljxud 50;= Ghwdooh gho wudqvgxfwru gh shvr +ixhud gh hvfdod,1 516 Vlvwhpd gh udgldfl rq Vl elhq hq od hvfdod uhdo gh surgxffl rq hv ho vro od ixhqwh gh udgldfl rq/ sdud ho hvwxglr h{shulphqwdo gho vhfdgr frq udgldfl rq hv qhfhvdulr srghu h{dplqdu orv hihfwrv gh od luudgldqfld lqflghqwh vreuh ho surgxfwr gh od plvpd pdqhud txh vh kdfh frq orv rwurv sdudphwurv txh dihfwdq ho surfhvr1 Hoor vh orjud fxdqgr h{lvwh od srvlelolgdg gh pdqwhqhu dtxhood frqvwdqwh gxudqwh wrgr ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr/ sru or txh hv hv qhfhvdulr ho hpsohr gh xqd o dpsdud txh vlpxoh od dffl rq vrodu gh pdqhud hvwdflrqduld1 Vl/ dghpdv/ ho hvshfwur gh od o dpsdud xwlol}dgd hv ljxdo r px| sduhflgr do gho vro/ hvwh _vlpxodgru vrodu% shuplwlu d phglu odv fdudfwhuvwlfdv gh surfhvrv gh vhfdgr gh xqd pdqhud duwlfldo | uhshwleoh d yroxqwdg/ lqghshqglhqwhphqwh gh odv yduldflrqhv gh odv frqglflrqhv phwhruro rjlfdv1 Ho hvshfwur gh od udgldflrq vrodu/ phglgr hq Vdowd sdud xq gd fodur gho phv gh vhwlhpeuh gh 4<;</ vh pxhvwud hq od Iljxud 50<1 Wdqwr hvwh/ frpr orv ghp dv hvshfwurv txh vh pxhvwudq/ ixhurq phglgrv frq xq hvshfwuruudgl rphwur pdufd _OL~FRU%txh shuplwh ghwhuplqdu od luudgldqfld hvshfwudo hqwuh orqjlwxghv gh rqgd txh ydq ghvgh orv 633 qp | kdvwd 4433 qp/ frq xq lqwhuydor pqlpr gh 5 qp1 Od hvfdod gh odv rughqdgdv/ hvwdeohflgd hq Z@+p qp,/ hv mdgd 5: dxwrpdwlfdphqwh sru ho dsdudwr1 Ho duhd vxewhqglgd edmr od fxuyd fruuhvsrqgh d od udgldflrq frpsuhqglgd hqwuh glfkdv orqjlwxghv gh rqgd | vh sxhgh frpsdudu frq ho ydoru wrwdo gdgr sru xq vroduphwur1 Hq hvwh wudedmr vh hpsoh r xq Nlss ) ]rqqhq FP8/ fx|r huuru hq od ohfwxud gh od udgldfl rq vh hvwlpd hqwuh ho 8 | 43 ( hq uhodflrq d sludqrphwurv gh suhflvl rq1 Iljxud 50<= Hvshfwur vrodu sdud xq gd fodur +Vdowd/ 4<2<2;<,1 2 t^i_@ _i ?@ * @4T@h@ @_iU@_@ Oxhjr gh dojxqrv hqvd|rv suholplqduhv vh ghflgl r suredu xqd o dpsdud lq0 fdqghvfhqwh gh wxqjvwhqr/ sru ud}rqhv gh frvwr | idflolgdg gh rewhqfl rq1 Hvwd wlhqh 4333 Z gh srwhqfld | hv gho wlsr xvdgr hq loxplqdfl rq duwlfldo sdud hvwdglrv1 Frq hood vh sxgr rewhqhu xqd glvwulexfl rq xqliruph gh od udgldfl rq vreuh xq duhd gh 63 fp 63 fp/ frq lqwhqvlgdghv i dflophqwh uhjxodeohv ph0 gldqwh od lqwhusrvlflrq gh odplqdv gh so dvwlfr/ ghvgh 3 Z@p | kdvwd douhghgru gh 4333 Z@p 1 Ho lqfrqyhqlhqwh txh suhvhqwd hvwd o dpsdud hv txh vx hvshfwur/ prvwudgr hq od Iljxud 5043/ hv px| glihuhqwh gho vrodu/ d xq fxdqgr od udgldfl rq wrwdo L/ phglgd frq vroduphwur/ wlhqh ydoruhv ljxdohv1 Glfkd udgldflrq wrwdo vh plgl r sdud xq gd fodur/ frorfdqgr ho sodqr gho 5; Iljxud 5043= Hvshfwurv gh udgldfl rq lqflghqwh gh ljxdo udgldfl rq wrwdo1 vroduphwur shushqglfxoduphqwh do kd} lqflghqwh1 Frqrflgr hvwh ydoru/ vh dmxvw r od srwhqfld gh xq Yduldf vreuh od o dpsdud/ gh prgr txh hq hvwh fdvr od udgldfl rq wrwdo ixhud od plvpd txh od vrodu1 Frq ho gdwr gh udgldflrq wrwdo L/ ljxdo d <33 Z@p / vh uhodflrq r frq ho fdofxor txh uhvxowd gh od lqwhjudfl rq qxphulfd gh od luudgldqfld hvshfwudo/ L / sdud hqwuh 633 qp | 4433 qp/ rewhqlhqgrvh orv uhvxowdgrv h{suhvdgrv hq od Iljxud 5043= ] ] L +vro,g @ 3> :6 L L +odps,g @ 3> 78 L= D shvdu gh txh hvwrv gdwrv sxhghq whqhu txh dmxvwduvh phmrudqgr od ph0 glflrq/ ghelgr d orv huuruhv txh sxhghq kdehuvh frphwlgr/ vh sxhgh frqfoxlu ~frpr hud gh hvshudu~ txh od o dpsdud hplwh pd|ru fdqwlgdg gh udgldfl rq hq od }rqd gh lqiuduurmr txh ho vro1 Sru hvwd ud}rq vh uhdol}r od e xvtxhgd gh doj xq wlsr gh owur sdud txh ho hvshfwur uhvxowdqwh/ od srwhqfld uhflelgd | od xqliruplgdg vh dvhphmdudq or p dv srvleoh d odv surgxflgdv sru ho vro hq frqglflrqhv hvw dqgdu vreuh od vxshuflh whuuhvwuh1 5< 22 , Tihi?U@t UL? *|hLt _i ?uh@hhLL Vh uhdol}durq suxhedv frq od lqwhusrvlfl rq gh ylgulrv gh glvwlqwrv hvshvruhv hqwuh od odpsdud | ho vhqvru/ frq od rewhqfl rq gh uhvxowdgrv qr px| dohqwdgruhv sru fxdqwr od dwhqxdflrq gh od lqwhqvlgdg hq od }rqd gh lqiuduurmr/ txh ohh ho htxlsr gh phglflrq xvdgr/ qr ixh wdq lpsruwdqwh frpr vh hvshuded1 Hvwr vh pxhvwud hq od Iljxud 5044/ sdud orv fdvrv hq txh vh uhdol}d od phglfl rq vlq lqwhusrqhu fxelhuwd gh ylgulr +_Vlq ylgulr%,/ oxhjr gh lqwhusrqhu xq o dplqd ylgulr gh 5> 8 pp +_Ylgulr 4%, h lqwhusrqlhqgr xqd o dplqd gh ylgulr gh 6> 8 pp +_Ylgulr 5%,1 Iljxud 5044= Hvshfwurv gh udgldfl rq frq o dpsdud1 Frpsdudwlydphqwh/ hv pdv hihfwlyd od dwhqxdfl rq orjudgd frq od lqwhusr0 vlflrq gh xq sodvwlfr gh 483 plfurqhv/ dqwl~XY | whuplfr/ gho wlsr txh vh xvd hq orv lqyhuqdghurv~vhfdgruhv/ dghp dv gh od fxelhuwd gh ylgulr gh od f dpdud gh vhfdgr/ frpr |d vh prvwur hq od Iljxud 50431 Gdgr txh xq juxsr gh lqyhvwljdgruhv vrylhwlfrv/ phqflrqdgrv hq ^4`/ xwlol} r xqd odpsdud kdorjhqd gh wxqjvwhqr frq xq owur sdud od udgldfl rq frqvlvwhqwh hq xqd vroxflrq dfxrvd gh vxoidwr gh freuh/ od fxdo shuplwh uhgxflu vhqvleohphqwh od sduwh lqiuduurmr gh glfkd udgldfl rq/ vh uhdol}durq hqvd|rv gh oderudwrulr sdud phglu orv hvshfwurv txh vh rewlhqhq hq wdo fdvr1 63 Ho glvsrvlwlyr frqvlvwh hq xqd edqghmd gh ylgulr/ ghqwur gh od fxdo vh ylhuwh dpsdud | ho hvshfwur0 od vroxflrq gh FxVR hq djxd/ lqwhusxhvwd hqwuh od o uudglrphwur1 Sulphudphqwh vh plglr od udgldfl rq wrwdo fxdqgr qr vh lqwhusrqhq owurv hqwuh od odpsdud | ho vroduphwur/ rewhqlhqgrvh ho ydoru gh <63 Z@p 1 D frqwl0 qxdflrq vh lqwhusxvr od edqghmd ydfd/ frq or fxdo od udgldfl rq wrwdo vh uhgxmr d :<3 Z@p ghelgr x qlfdphqwh d od suhvhqfld gho ylgulr1 Djuhjdqgr xqd ghojdgd fdsd gh vroxflrq vdwxudgd/ txh kded vlgr suhsdudgd dqwhulruphqwh/ vh uhgxmr od udgldflrq d vror 73 Z@p 1 Sdud suhsdudu hvwd vroxfl rq pdguh vh glvroylh0 urq 583 j gh FxVR =8K R hq ;63 po gh djxd ghvwlodgd +dsur{lpdgdphqwh 63 j@433 ff K R,1 Od fdsd gh otxlgr txh vh irup r hud xq srfr pd|ru txh od qhfhvduld sdud prmdu wrgd od vxshuflh gh ylgulr gh od edqghmd/ sru or txh vh uhgxmr do p d{lpr | vh yroylr d phglu od udgldfl rq wrwdo1 Ho ydoru dxphqw r d vrodphqwh 93 Z@p 1 Hq ylvwd d hvwh uhvxowdgr/ vh uhdol}durq phglflrqhv hq vhqwlgr frqwudulr/ hv ghflu frphq}dqgr frq xqd fdsd gh djxd ghvwlodgd | vroxflrqhv gh vxoidwr gh freuh vxfhvlydphqwh hqultxhflgdv frq od vroxfl rq pdguh1 Iljxud 5045= Hvshfwurv gh udgldfl rq sdud o dpsdud gh wxqjvwhqr frq owurv gh FxVR glvxhowr hq djxd1 Ho djxd sxud uhgxmr od udgldfl rq wrwdo d 6;3 Z@p | vroxflrqhv gh 3> 45> 64 3> 57> 4> 53> 5> 6 | 6> 93 j@433 ff K R or klflhurq d xq p dv/ rewhqlhqgrvh orv ydoruhv gh 693/ 683/ 643/ 5;8 | 563 Z@p / uhvshfwlydphqwh1 Orv hvshfwurv uhvshfwlyrv vh pxhvwudq hq ho ju dfr gh od Iljxud 50451 Hq hvwh judfr vh dsuhfld od devrufl rq uhvshfwr gho djxd ghvwlodgd/ hvshfldo0 phqwh hq od }rqd hqwuh 933 | 4333 qp1 Vlq hpedujr/ dghp dv gh od dwhqxdfl rq gho ydoru wrwdo/ hvwrv hvshfwurv d xq wlhqhq glihuhqfldv qrwruldv frq ho hvshfwur vrodu gho judfr 50<1 2 w @4T@h@t _UhLU@t Ghvgh kdfh uhodwlydphqwh srfr wlhpsr vh hqfxhqwudq hq ho phufdgr o dpsdudv fx|r hvshfwur hv vlplodu do vrodu/ | vx xvr vh hvw d h{whqglhqgr ghelgr d hvwd surslhgdg1 Hvwdv odpsdudv/ ljxdophqwh lqfdqghvfhqwhv | dghp dv kdorjhqdgdv/ fxhqwdq frq xq uhhfwru gh kd} iur/ hv ghflu hvw dq lqfrusrudgdv d xq uhhfwru gldwhuplfr txh ohv kdfh shughu od fdvl wrwdolgdg gh vx frpsrqhqwh lqiuduurmr/ txhgdqgr vror od udgldflrq ylvleoh od txh vh gluljh kdfld ho remhwr d loxplqdu1 Vrq ghqrplqdgdv odpsdudv glfurlfdv sru od fdsd txh fxeuh ho uhhfwru | txh dfw xd gh owur rswlfr1 Hvwh hvw d irupdgr sru yduldv fdsdv ghojdgdv vxshu0 sxhvwdv/ gh glihuhqwhv qglfhv gh uhiudffl rq/ gh prgr wdo txh od fdsd uhhfwrud uhhmd ho <3 ( gh od ox} ylvleoh/ plhqwudv txh ho ;3 ( gh od udgldfl rq lqiud0 uurmd hv devruelgd udslgdphqwh sru odv fdsdv gho uhhfwru/ hqiuldqgr dv ho kd} uhhmdgr ^4`1 H{lvwh xqd dpsold jdpd gh srwhqfldv txh eulqgdq hvwdv o dpsdudv/ dxqtxh odv whqvlrqhv gh dolphqwdflrq vxhohq vhu edmdv +hqwuh 45 | ;5 Y sdud odv p dv frpxqhv | px| srfdv gh 453 Y ,1 Sdud odv suxhedv txh vh kdfh phqfl rq hq hvwh wudedmr vh frqwr frq odpsdudv gh 57 Y gh whqvl rq gh dolphqwdfl rq | 583 Z gh srwhqfld1 Vh uhdol}r ho prqwdmh gh xq glvsrvlwlyr vhqfloor frq grv gh hvwdv o dpsdudv/ gh prgr txh shuplwlhudq rewhqhu xqd glvwulexfl rq sduhmd vreuh xqd vxshuflh ljxdo d od edqghmd gho vhfdgru1 Od Iljxud 5046 pxhvwud ho hvshfwur rewhqlgr/ mxqwr do vrodu/ fxdqgr od udgldfl rq wrwdo gh odv o dpsdudv/ phglgd d qlyho gh od edqghmd/ ixh gh :93 Z@p 1 Frpr vh sxhgh dsuhfldu/ ho hvshfwur gh odv o dpsdudv glfurlfdv hv ho p dv 65 Iljxud 5046= Hvshfwurv gh udgldfl rq gh xqd o dpsdud glfurlfd | vrodu1 dghfxdgr sdud vlpxodu od udgldfl rq vrodu1 Vx xvr vh kd ylvwr glfxowdgr sru sureohpdv uhfxuuhqwhv gh urwxudv ghelgr d odv dowdv whpshudwxudv gh wudedmr1 Sru rwur odgr/ odv h{shulhqfldv uhdol}dgdv frq slplhqwrv/ txh frqvwlwx|hq od sduwh fhqwudo gh hvwh wudedmr/ kdq prvwudgr txh odv glihuhqfldv ghwhfwdgdv hq odv fxuydv gh vhfdgr fxdqgr vh xvdq odv grv ixhqwhv vrq pqlpdv1 Od Iljxud 5047 loxvwud hvwh hihfwr1 Vh slhqvd txh hvwh uhvxowdgr hv surgxflgr sru ho froru gho iuxwr txh devrueh exhqd sduwh gh od udgldfl rq vlq glvwlqfl rq gh orqjlwxg gh rqgd hq od vxshuflh gho plvpr1 Sru wdo ud}rq vh kd xwlol}dgr od o dpsdud gh wxqjvwhqr hq od pd|ru sduwh gh odv h{shulhqfldv1 Vl ixhud qhfhvdulr frq rwurv iuxwrv/ vh sxhghq xwlol}du gluhfwdphqwh odv odpsdudv glfurlfdv wrpdqgr suhfdxflrqhv hvshfldohv frq vx fdohqwdplhqwr1 517 Htxlsr sdud fdswdu orv gdwrv Orv gdwrv gh odv h{shulhqfldv ixhurq wrpdgrv phgldqwh ho vlvwhpd gh fds0 wdflrq _8:3% gh Nhlwkoh| / frpdqgdgr sru ho surjudpd GDW1EDV/ fx|r olvwdgr ki|*i)c 5)t|i4 D.f #@|@ U^t|L? `Lh!t|@|L? 66 Iljxud 5047= Hyroxflrq gho shvr gh djxd/ hq nj sru nj gh shvr vhfr/ sdud ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv pruurqhv edmr od udgldfl rq gh xqd o dpsdud glfurlfd | rwud lqfdqghvfhqwh/ hq ljxdogdg gh whpshudwxudv | yhorflgdg gho dluh1 vh hqfxhqwud hq ho Dshqglfh D1 Hvwh surjudpd shuplwh ho lqjuhvr d glvfr | od suhvhqwdfl rq sru sdqwdood x rsflrqdophqwh sru lpsuhvrud gh orv gdwrv gh wlhpsr +phglgr hq krudv,/ shvr +phglgr hq judprv, | odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr/ exoer k xphgr | gh surgxfwr +phglgdv hq F,1 Od udgldfl rq r od yhorflgdg gho dluh vh ghwhuplqdq plglhqgr dqwhv gh fdgd h{shulhqfld/ wrgd yh} txh vhd qhfhvdulr1 Odv hvshflfdflrqhv jhqhudohv gho vlvwhpd 8:3 gh Nhlwkoh| frpsuhqghq orv vljxlhqwhv whpv= 0 Vriwzduh= surjudpd Vriw8331h{h1 Suryhh h{whqvlrqhv gh EDVLFD sdud ho pdqhmr gh lqwhuuxsflrqhv hq wlhpsr uhdo sdud ho frqwuro | dgtxlvlfl rq gh orv gdwrv1 0 Lqwhuidvh= exv gh frpxqlfdfl rq hq sdudohor hqwuh od SF | ho htxlsr gh fds0 wdflrq gh gdwrv _V|vwhp 8:3 DGLR% d wudyhv gh xq fdeoh | wdumhwd gh lqwhuidvh txh vh frorfd hq od FSX gh od frpsxwdgrud1 0 Frqjxudflrq gh od frpsxwdgrud= SF/ [W r DW LEP frpsdwleoh frq do phqrv 589 NE gh UDP/ xqd glvtxhwhud/ vlvwhpd GRV 614 r vxshulru1 Hq hvwh fdvr vh wudedmr frq xqd pdtxlqd WDYD gh 973 NE gh UDP | grv glvtxhwhudv gh 67 edmd ghqvlgdg1 Od glvtxhwhud D= frqwlhqh ho surjudpd Vriw833 | orv dx{lolduhv gh frqjxudflrq/ plhqwudv txh hq od E= vh dopdfhqdq orv gdwrv | ho surjudpd gdw1edv1 Ho surjudpd EDVLFD hv oodpdgr d wudyhv gho surjudpd dxwrh{hf1edw fdgd yh} txh vh hqflhqgh od frpsxwdgrud1 Hv srvleoh uhdol}du od fdujd gho surjudpd gdw1edv hq irupd dxwrp dwlfd/ vlq dx{lolr gho rshudgru/ sdud od frqwlqxdfl rq gh od wrpd gh gdwrv oxhjr gh xq fruwh gh ox}1 0 Fdeoh gh lqwhuidvh= douhghgru gh 7 p gh fdeoh eolqgdgr1 0 FSX= ;35;9 gh frpsdwleoh LEP SF [W1 0 Fdsdflgdg gh orv fdqdohv hvw dqgdu= d, Hqwudgd dqdo rjlfd gh 49 fdqdohv glihuhqfldohv r 65 gluhfwrv/ e, Vdolgd dqdo rjlfd gh 5 fdqdohv/ f, 49 hqwudgdv gljlwdohv/ g, 49 vdolgdv dqdorjlfdv | h, 49 frqwurohv sru uhodlv1 0 Uhtxhulplhqwr gh hqhujd= 8 Y d 5 D p d{lprv gh fruulhqwh/ suryhqlhqwhv gh od frpsxwdgrud1 0 Frqh{lrqdgr gh vh qdohv= vh uhdol}d d wudyhv gh whuplqdohv frqhfwdgdv ph0 gldqwh wruqloorv | hqfkxihv udslgrv gh suhvl rq1 0 Hqwudgd dqdorjlfd= grfh udqjrv gh p d{lpd hvfdod/ hqwuh 5/8 pY d 43 Y1 Vhohfflrq gh jdqdqfldv gh dpsolfdfl rq 4/ 43/ 4331 Sru surjudpd vh sxhgh prglfdu hvwd jdqdqfld d 4/ 5/ 8 r 431 Od uhvroxfl rq hv gh 45 elwv +xqd sduwh hq 73<9,1 Vl elhq ho ideulfdqwh hvshflfd od srvlelolgdg gh uhdol}du wrpdv gh gdwrv d xqd yhorflgdg gh 64/7n pxhvwudv sru vhjxqgr/ hq hvwh fdvr vh uhdol}dq fdswxudv gh 53 yhfhv fdgd gdwr sdud oxhjr surphgldu/ or txh oohyd douhghgru gh 9 vhjxqgrv uhdohv sdud ho dopdfhqdplhqwr hq glvfr gh fdgd vhulh1 Qr revwdqwh/ frpr sxhgh yhuvh hq odv wdeodv gh gdwrv gh orv dshqglfhv uhvshfwlyrv/ orv lqwhuydorv gh fdswxud gh gdwrv vh dmxvwdurq hqwuh 43 | 53 plqxwrv/ or fxdo ixh vxflhqwh sdud orv surfhvrv h{shulphqwdgrv fx|d gxudfl rq rvflo r hqwuh 5 krudv | 57 krudv1 Fruulgd gh surjudpdv gh fdswdfl rq gh gdwrv Ho ideulfdqwh suryhh gh surjudpdv ghprvwudwlyrv txh shuplwhq uhdol}du do0 jxqdv suxhedv gh fdswxud gh gdwrv d wudyhv gh hmhpsorv ghvduuroodgrv hq ho pdqxdo1 68 Ho surjudpd GDW1EDV gho Dshqglfh D vh uhdol} r sru phglr gh vxfhvlydv suxhedv txh shuplwlhurq qdophqwh frqwdu frq xq vriwzduh txh shuplwh uhdol}du odv vljxlhqwhv rshudflrqhv= 0 Ohfwxud shvr | whpshudwxudv hq ixqfl rq gho wlhpsr1 Vh sxhgh hvwdeohfhu xq qrpeuh hvshfldo sdud fdgd h{shulhqfld r elhq/ uhhp0 sod}dqgr od oqhd gh surjudpd uhvshfwlyd/ vh frorfd xq qrpeuh frp xq sdud wrgdv odv vhfxhqfldv gh fdswxud gh gdwrv1 Hq ho fdvr gh hvwh wudedmr ho dufklyr jhqhulfr vh ghqrplqr _gdwl% | vh dopdfhqd hq ho glvfr D=1 D frqwlqxdflrq vh hvwdeohfh od suhvl rq gho oxjdu/ hq KSd1 Sdud ho fdvr gh Vdowd | ghelgr d od hvwdelolgdg gho gdwr/ vh ghflgl r wudedmdu frq xq ydoru _qrupdo% gh ;;3 KS d1 Vh surgxfh od dshuwxud gho dufklyr | vh hvwdeohfh ho lqwhuydor gh fdswxud gh gdwrv hq plqxwrv1 Sru ghihfwr vh m r hq 43 plqxwrv sdud od pd|rud gh odv suxhedv uhdol}dgdv1 Vhjxlgdphqwh hv qhfhvdulr lqlfldol}du ho ydoru gh dojxqrv gdwrv srutxh gh rwur prgr qr ixqflrqd ho surjudpd1 Hvwd hv xqd h{ljhqfld gh od yhuvl rq gh vriwzduh frq txh vh fxhqwd/ d xq fxdqgr ho frpdqgr UXQ gh EDVLFD suhvxsrqh xq ydoru lqlfldo gh 3 sdud wrgdv odv yduldeohv1 Od vdolgd sru sdqwdood vh uhdol}d gh dfxhugr d od vljxlhqwh vhfxhqfld= %w+plq, Shvr+j, Wevhfr Wekxp Wiuxwr KU+(, Z% grqgh w vh uhhuh do wlhpsr gho surfhvr/ d frqwdu ghvgh ho duudqtxh gho surjudpd/ Shvr hv od pdvd gho surgxfwr d phglgd txh vh vhfd/ Wevhfr od whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr/ Wekxp od gh exoer k xphgr | Wiuxwr od txh vh plgh hq xqd pxhvwud gh surgxfwr grqgh vh frorf r xqd gh odv whuprfxsodv1 KU+(, hv od kxphgdg uhodwlyd | Z od devroxwd txh vh rewlhqhq phgldqwh od vhfxhqfld gh f dofxorv txh vljxhq hq ho uhvwr gho surjudpd1 518 Htxlsr vhqfloor sdud uhdol}du h{shulhqfldv Gh dfxhugr frq xqr gh orv remhwlyrv hvwdeohflgrv sdud hvwh wudedmr/ vh sxgr frpsuredu ho ixqflrqdplhqwr gh grv htxlsrv vhqfloorv sdud uhdol}du h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr frq udgldflrq1 69 Xqr gh hoorv/ sdud vhu xvdgr hq ho oderudwrulr/ frqvwd gh xqd o dpsdud lqfdq0 ghvfhqwh gh 4333 Z gh srwhqfld/ fx|d dowxud uhvshfwr gho slvr gheh uhjxoduvh sdud rewhqhu ho qlyho ghvhdgr gh udgldfl rq> xqd edqghmd fxdgudgd gh wuhlqwd fhqwphwurv gh odgr txh vh dsr|d vreuh grv vrsruwhv txh od vhsduhq gho vxhor douhghgru gh 43 fp> xq yhqwlodgru vlplodu d orv xvdgrv hq frpsxwdgrudv shu0 vrqdohv> | xq vhfdgru gh fdehoorv r xq sdu gh uhvlvwhqfldv gh sodqfkdv sdud fdohidfflrqdu ho dluh1 Xqd edodq}d sdud phglu od glvplqxfl rq gho shvr/ fx|r dofdqfh vhd gh xq nlorjudpr | vx dsuhfldflrq gh xq judpr> xq whup rphwur gh exoer vhfr | rwur gh exoer k xphgr> | xq phglgru gh yhorflgdg gho dluh/ txh hv ho p dv vrvwlfdgr gh hvwrv htxlsrv/ frpsohwd xq oderudwrulr gh vhfdgr frq udgldfl rq duwlfldo | frqwurodgd sdud ho vhjxlplhqwr gho surfhvr/ frq fdvl fxdotxlhu surgxfwr yhjhwdo1 Ho rwur vhfdgru vhqfloor/ fx|d irwrjudid vh pxhvwud hq od Iljxud 904</ vh glvfxwh hq ho Fdswxor </ mxqwr frq vxv srvlelolgdghv gh wudqvihuhqfld | dsolfdfl rq sdud ho vhfdgr hq fdpsr1 6: Fdswxor 6 HYDSRUDFLRQ GH DJXD Ho surfhvr gh hydsrudflrq gh djxd hq vxshuflhv oleuhv gho otxlgr lpsruwd frq ho vhfdgr dojxqrv gh orv phfdqlvprv gh wudqvihuhqfld gh fdoru | pdwhuld txh suryrfdq ho sdvdmh gh ydsru gh djxd ghvgh ho surgxfwr r vxshuflh oleuh do dluh1 Hq hvwh fdswxor vh glvfxwhq dojxqrv dvshfwrv gh glfkr surfhvr frq orv vl0 jxlhqwhv remhwlyrv= d, Lqwurgxflu odv ghqlflrqhv e dvlfdv gh odv sulqflsdohv yduldeohv ivlfdv uhod0 flrqdgdv frq orv whpdv d ghvduuroodu hq orv su r{lprv fdswxorv/ e, xwlol}du ho ihqrphqr gh hydsrudfl rq gh djxd hq edqghmdv frpr uhihuhqfld sdud od yhulfdflrq gho htxlsr gh oderudwrulr dupdgr/ f, lqwurgxflu xq prghor pdwhp dwlfr gh ghshqghqfld gh od hydsrudfl rq frq orv sdudphwurv ivlfrv h{whuqrv= whpshudwxud gho dluh/ kxphgdg gho dluh | ud0 gldflrq lqflghqwh/ txh d srvwhulrul vhuylu d gh edvh sdud ghvduuroodu xq prghor sdud ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr phgldqwh od lqwurgxffl rq gh od lghd gh xqd uhvlvwhq0 fld lqwhuqd txh gh fxhqwd gh orv phfdqlvprv gh wudqvihuhqfld gho djxd hq ho surgxfwr d vhfdu1 Od yhulfdflrq gho htxlsr vh kd uhdol}dgr plglhqgr od hydsrudfl rq hq edq0 ghmd frq glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv gh odv yduldeohv lqyroxfudgdv | frpsdudqgr orv uhvxowdgrv frq orv gdwrv glvsrqleohv hq od eleolrjudid1 D od yh} vh kdq dsuryh0 fkdgr odv phglgdv sdud yhulfdu ho prghor sursxhvwr1 6; 614 Ghqlflrqhv e dvlfdv Odv vljxlhqwhv ghqlflrqhv/ gh xwlolgdg sdud ho ghvduuroor gh odv vhfflrqhv txh ylhqhq/ ixhurq wrpdgdv gh orv oleurv gh Prqwhlwk ^;`/ Lqfurshud ^:` | Glww0 pdq ^56` sru or txh vh lqfox|hq dtx hq irupd uhvxplgd1 LiUi?|it _i |h@?tTLh|i Frqvlghudqgr ho xmr gh dluh fdolhqwh vreuh xqd vxshuflh oleuh gh djxd/ gdgdv odv whpshudwxudv W gho dluh | W gh od vxshuflh/ ho xmr gh fdoru T +Z , ghvgh ho dluh d od vxshuflh gh djxd ylhqh gdgr sru T @ kD+W W , grqgh k ^Z@+p N,` hv xq frhflhqwh frqyhfwlyr joredo1 Hq irupd vlplodu/ vl hv od ghqvlgdg gho ydsru gh djxd hq ho dluh | od fruuhvsrqglhqwh d od lqwhuidvh vxshufldo/ od yhorflgdg gh wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd ghvgh od vxshuflh gh djxd do dluh/ Q +nj@v,/ vhu d= Q @ k D+ ,> grqgh k +p@v, ghqh xq frhflhqwh frqyhfwlyr joredo gh wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd1 2 , Thit L? @ThL 4@_@ _i *@ _i?t_@_ _i @TLh Vxsrqlhqgr txh vh wlhqh xqd pdvd p gh dluh k xphgr/ frpsxhvwd sru dluh vhfr hq xqd fdqwlgdg p | ydsru gh djxd gdgr sru p / ydoh od uhodfl rq p @ p . p = Vl ho dluh k xphgr rfxsd xq yroxphq Y / vx ghqvlgdg hvwdu d gdgd sru= @ p > Y 6< plhqwudv txh od ghqvlgdg gho ydsru gh djxd vhu d @ p = Y Gh odv grv/ vh sxhgh lqihulu txh @ p p p @ = p Y p +6=4, Gh dfxhugr frq od oh| gh Gdowrq sdud xqd ph}fod gh jdvhv/ od suhvl rq wrwdo S gh dluh k xphgr hv ljxdo d od vxpd gh odv suhvlrqhv sdufldohv S | S gho ydsru | gho dluh vhfr uhvshfwlydphqwh1 Sru rwur odgr/ ydoh od hfxdfl rq gh orv jdvhv lghdohv sdud ho ydsru/ gh prgr txh od suhvl rq sdufldo gho ydsru gho dluh vh sxhgh h{suhvdu gh od vljxlhqwh pdqhud= S @ p UW > P Y grqgh P @ 4; j@pro | W hv od whpshudwxud gho dluh1 Uhodflrqdqgr frq od ghqlflrq gh = @ S P = UW Wdpelhq vh wlhqh sdud od frpsrqhqwh gh dluh vhfr txh S @ gh grqgh @ p UW P Y +S S ,P UW hv od ghqvlgdg gho dluh vhfr/ frq P @ 5< j@pro1 Frpr do ljxdo txh / hvwd ghqvlgdg hvwd uhihulgd do yroxphq gh dluh wrwdo | sru or wdqwr od vxpd gh hoodv hv od pdvd wrwdo gh dluh glylgd sru ho yroxphq/ r vhd od ghqvlgdg gho dluh k xphgr= @ . @ P S . P +S S , = UW 73 Sru or wdqwr od uhodflrq p @p hq od hfxdfl rq 614 hvw d gdgd sru= S P p 3> 955S 3> 955S @ @ @ @ > p P S . P +S S , 3> 955S . +S S , S gh grqgh= 3> 955S = S Do dsur{lpdu/ vh wlhqh hq fxhqwd txh S hv grv rughqhv gh pdjqlwxg phqru txh S 1 615 Edodqfh hvwdflrqdulr gh hqhujd vreuh xqd pdvd gh djxd Yroylhqgr d frqvlghudu xqd pdvd gh djxd hq frqwdfwr frq dluh/ od hydsr0 udflrq rfxuuh fxdqgr odv prohfxodv gh djxd fhufd gh od vxshuflh h{shulphqwdq fkrtxhv txh dxphqwdq vx hqhujd sru hqflpd gh od txh hv qhfhvduld sdud pdq0 whqhuodv oljdgdv d od vxshuflh1 Od hqhujd txh pdqwlhqh hvwd hydsrudfl rq gheh yhqlu gh od hqhujd lqwhuqd gho otxlgr/ ho txh ghehu d h{shulphqwdu xqd uhgxffl rq gh vx whpshudwxud +hqiuldplhqwr hydsrudwlyr,1 Vlq hpedujr/ vl vh pdqwlhqhq frqglflrqhv gh hvwdgr hvwdflrqdulr/ od hqhujd odwhqwh shuglgd sru ho djxd do hyd0 srudu vhud uhsxhvwd sru od wudqvihuhqfld kdfld ho otxlgr ghvgh vxv douhghgruhv1 Frqvlghudqgr txh od vxshuflh oleuh gh djxd uhfleh xqd udgldfl rq L +Z@p ,/ dghpdv gho dsruwh vhqvleoh sru frqyhffl rq gho fdoru ghvgh ho dluh/ xq edodqfh gh frqvhuydflrq gh od hqhujd dsolfdgr d xq yroxphq gh frqwuro txh lqyroxfuh od xqlgdg gh vxshuflh gho otxlgr lpsolfdu d txh L . t @ q> +6=5, grqgh L/ hv od udgldflrq qhwd txh uhfleh od vxshuflh/ t @ k+W W , hv ho dsruwh frqyhfwlyr sru xqlgdg gh vxshuflh ghvgh ho dluh/ ho fdoru odwhqwh gh ydsrul}dflrq | q @ Q@D od ghqvlgdg vxshufldo gh xmr gh pdvd hydsrudwlyr1 Vl od fruulhqwh gh dluh wlhqh xqd whpshudwxud W | xqd suhvl rq gh ydsru S | orv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv ydoruhv hq od lqwhuidvh djxd~dluh vrq W | S +W ,/ uhhp0 74 sod}dqgr hq 615 q @ k + , +3> 955k @S ,^S +W , S `/ uhvxowdu d= ^S +W , S ` = S L . k+W W , @ 3> 955k +6=6, Lqwurgxflhqgr hq hvwd od h{suhvl rq= S +W , S +W , gS m +W W ,> gW txh hv od olqhdol}dflrq gh S +W , douhghgru gh W / vhu d srvleoh holplqdu W | hydoxdu q frpr ixqflrq gh od whpshudwxud | od suhvl rq gh ydsru gh od fruulhqwh gh dluh | gh odv grv uhvlvwhqfldv/ rewhqlhqgrvh= q@ k^S +W , S `@ @ . L> . . +6=7, grqgh @ gS @gW m | @ S k@+3> 955k ,= Od hfxdflrq +617, ixh ghgxflgd ruljlqdophqwh sru K1 O1 Shqpdq hq 4<7; | vh hpsohd sdud hvwlpdu ho srwhqfldo gh hydsrwudqvsludfl rq gh odv sodqwdv1 Frpr vh dsuhfld/ vh orjud h{suhvdu ho xmr frpr h{suhvl rq olqhdo hq od glih0 uhqfld gh suhvlrq S +W , S | hq od udgldfl rq L1 Hq orv su r{lprv fdswxorv vh wudwdud gh ghwhuplqdu vl ho xvr gh hvwd uhodfl rq sxhgh jhqhudol}duvh sdud hvwlpdu ho surfhvr gh hydsrudflrq gxudqwh ho vhfdgr1 616 H{shulhqfldv gh hydsrudfl rq frq udgldfl rq Vh uhdol}durq h{shulhqfldv gh oderudwrulr gh hydsrudfl rq sru dffl rq gh xqd fruulhqwh gh dluh vreuh xqd vxshuflh gh djxd txh vh h{srqh d od plvpd/ fxdqgr dghpdv vh frqvlghud od dfflrq gh od udgldfl rq1 Hvwdv h{shulhqfldv/ fx|dv phglflrqhv hvw dq suhvhqwdgdv hq wdeodv hq ho D0 shqglfh E/ vh uhdol}durq frq orv vljxlhqwhv sdu dphwurv= 0 Udgldflrq lqflghqwh wrwdo= hqwuh 3 Z@p | ;;3 Z@p 1 0 Udgldflrq uhhmdgd= 48 ( gho wrwdo1 0 Vxshuflh oleuh gho djxd= 54> 6 fp 43> ; fp @ 563> 3 fp 1 0 Hvshvru lqlfldo gho djxd= 9 pp1 0 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 3> 9 p@v1 75 0 Whpshudwxud gho dluh= douhghgru gh 73 F1 0 Whpshudwxud gh exoer k xphgr= hqwuh 5; | 64 F1 0 Suhvlrq dwprvihulfd surphglr hq Vdowd= S @ ;;3 KS d1 Vh plglhurq/ hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr/ ho shvr | od whpshudwxud vxshufldo gh od pxhvwud gh djxd/ odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh | vh fdofxor od kxphgdg uhodwlyd1 Orv ydoruhv lqglfdgrv hq od Wdeod 614 fruuhvsrqghq d surphglrv wrpdgrv d or odujr gho wlhpsr wrwdo gho surfhvr | plhqwudv od yhorflgdg gh hydsrudflrq hud frqvwdqwh1 Od sulphu froxpqd lqglfd ho qrpeuh dvljqdgr d od h{shulhqfld1 H{s1 Q d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 q j@+v fp , 45/3 47/7 4;/9 4;/< 5:/< 64/5 Udg Z@p 3 539 5<4 6<8 8;4 :79 W F 75 6: 73 6; 76 75 W F 5< 5; 5< 5; 64 63 W F 66 67 6: 6: 73 6< K ( 6< 84 79 83 78 77 Wdeod 614= Gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv sdud flqfr h{shulhqfldv gh ydsrul}dfl rq gh djxd1 Ho ydoru gh q vh ghwhuplq r d sduwlu gh od shqglhqwh gh odv uhfwdv gh shvr hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr gh dfxhugr frq od i rupxod= q@ 4 gp > D gw dsolfdgd d od fruuhodflrq olqhdo gh p frq w/ rewhqlhqgrvh hq wrgrv orv fdvrv xq frhflhqwh gh fruuhodflrq qr phqru txh 3/<<1 Do judfdu sdud fdgd ydoru gh od udgldfl rq lqflghqwh +phqrv od uhhmdgd,/ vh rewxyr od Iljxud 604 txh pxhvwud xqd ghshqghqfld olqhdo hqwuh dpedv yduldeohv/ wdo frpr or hvwdeohfh od hfxdfl rq gh Shqpdq1 Sdud xvdu xqd frpelqdfl rq dgh0 fxdgd gh xqlgdghv gh prgr txh orv ydoruhv qxphulfrv qr whqjdq txh hvfuleluvh dfduuhdqgr srwhqfldv gh glh}/ q vh h{suhv r hq j@+v fp ,1 Wdqwr od Iljxud 604 frpr od hfxdfl rq +617, shuplwhq h{suhvdu q hq irupd 76 Iljxud 604= Lqxhqfld gh od udgldfl rq hq od hydsrudfl rq gh djxd1 vlpsolfdgd phgldqwh od vljxlhqwh uhodfl rq= q @ n +S S , . n L= +6=8, Uhvroylhqgr sdud od fruuhodfl rq hqwuh odv yduldeohv lqghshqglhqwhv +S S , h L frq q/ vhj xq or hvwdeohfh od hfxdfl rq +618,/ uhvxowdq orv vljxlhqwhv ydoruhv qxphulfrv gh orv frhflhqwhv n | n / rewhqlgrv frq xq 9 ( gh glvshuvl rq sdud odv frqglflrqhv gh odv h{shulhqfldv gh hydsrudfl rq= n @ 5> 88 43 v p n @ 5> :4 43 + | v , = p V@*_@U L? UL? _@|Lt MM*L}h @ULt Wrpdqgr gho oleur gh Lqfurshud ^:` od uhodfl rq hqwuh k | k / gdgd sru k@k @ f Oh / grqgh Oh @ @G hv ho q xphur gh Ohzlv/ h lqwurgxflhqgr od glixvlylgdg whuplfd d od whpshudwxud gh 73 F/ @ 5> 77 43 p @v/ od glixvlylgdg gho ydsru gh djxd hq dluh/ G @ 6> 55 43 p @v/ @ 5739> ; nM@nj/ od ghqvlgdg 77 gho dluh @ 4> 45 nj@p | f @ 4> 33; nM@+njN,> uhvxowd= nM k @ 3> <7 > k p N @ 7< Sd = N Sru rwur odgr/ gh od h{suhvl rq gh Dqwrlqh ^57`/ vh sxhgh fdofxodu @ 7365S > +W . 568, uhvxowdqgr . @ 47; S d@N1 Gh od frpsdudflrq hqwuh od hfxdfl rq gh Shqpdq | od hfxdfl rq +618,/ n @ k = + . , Sdud ghwhuplqdu k sxhgh xvduvh od dqdorjd gh Fklowrq | Froexuq hqwuh odv wudqvihuhqfldv frqyhfwlydv gh fdoru | pdvd1 Vh ghwhuplqd ho q xphur gh Uh|0 qrogv/ Uh @ yO@/ frq @ 4> :5 43 p @v | O @ 3> 43; p/ uhvxowdqgr Uh @ 6:9;1 Gdgr txh hvwh ydoru fruuhvsrqgh do uhjlphq odplqdu/ ydoh od vl0 jxlhqwh fruuhodflrq hqwuh orv q xphurv gh Vkhuzrrg/ Vk @ k O@G/ Uh|qrogv | gh Vfkplgw/ Vf @ @G @ 3> 86= Vk @ 3> 997Uh Vf @ 3> 997+6:9;, +3> 86, @ 66> 39> gh grqgh sxhgh rewhqhuvh ho frhflhqwh frqyhfwlyr gh wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd= k @ VkG@O @ 3> 33<;: p@v= D sduwlu gh hvwh/ vh oohjd do frhflhqwh k @ k f +@G, qhfhvdulr sdud ho fdofxor gh n = n @ 5> 93 43 v = p Sru vx sduwh/ ho frhflhqwh n uhvxowd vhu= n @ v @ 5> :: 43 + , = + . , p 78 @ <> 57 Z@+p N,/ Dperv ydoruhv frqfxhugdq frq orv ghwhuplqdgrv h{shulphqwdophqwh/ ghqwur gh xq huuru gho 5 (1 2 W?i?U@ _i *@ i*LU_@_ _i* @hi Od yhorflgdg gh hydsrudfl rq hq od hfxdfl rq gh Shqpdq ghshqgh olqhdophqwh gh od udgldflrq lqflghqwh | gh od glihuhqfld S S 1 Od lqxhqfld gho ylhqwr/ hq ho prghor gh Gdowrq ^54`/ vh srqh gh pdqlhvwr hq +618, d wudyhv gh xqd ghshq0 ghqfld olqhdo gh n frq od yhorflgdg gho dluh/ n @ n y/ sru or txh od vljxlhqwh hfxdflrq gh _Gdowrq~Shqpdq% vh sxhgh dsolfdu do ihq rphqr gh hydsrudfl rq gh djxd edmr udgldflrq/ whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd od dffl rq gho ylhqwr= q @ n +S S ,y . n L= +6=9, Sru vx sduwh/ Wkuhonhog ^4;` ghpxhvwud txh glfkd yduldfl rq dihfwd d od yh0 orflgdg gho dluh d wudyhv gh xq h{srqhqwh glvwlqwr gh xqr/ sru or txh/ sru vx sduwh/ ydogud rwud hfxdflrq txh srgud ghqrplqduvh gh _Wkuhonhog~Shqpdq%/ gh od vljxlhqwh irupd= q @ n +S S ,y . n L> grqgh hv xq frhflhqwh txh sxhgh ghwhuplqduvh h{shulphqwdophqwh1 79 +6=:, Fdswxor 7 HO SURFHVR GH VHFDGR Hq hvwh fdswxor vh uhdol}d xqd dpsoldfl rq gho hvwxglr gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr sdud dedufdu dvshfwrv qr frqwhpsodgrv hq od lqwurgxffl rq fruuhvsrqglhqwh do Fdswxor L1 714 Ghqlflrqhv e dvlfdv Odv vljxlhqwhv vrq dojxqdv ghqlflrqhv rshudwlydv txh shuplwhq wudedmdu h{shulphqwdophqwh hq ho whpd gho vhfdgr/ gh prgr txh revhuydgruhv gh glvwlqwrv oderudwrulrv sxhgdq rewhqhu uhvxowdgrv frwhmdeohv= Shvr gh od pxhvwud= vh vxhoh lqglfdu frq od ohwud p | uhvxowd frqyhqlhqwh/ d hvfdod gh oderudwrulr/ phgluor hq judprv= ^p` @ j= Shvr lqlfldo= hv od pdvd gho surgxfwr phglgd hq ho lqvwdqwh lqlfldo gho surfhvr= p+3, @ p = Shvr vhfr= p / fruuhvsrqgh d od pdvd txh uhvwd gho surgxfwr fxdqgr hvwh qr frqwlqh djxd1 Vh or ghqh frpr ho shvr txh vh rewlhqh oxhjr gh vhfdu wrwdophqwh ho pdwhuldo hq hvwxid d 438 F gxudqwh rfkr krudv1 Hq lqjohv vh vxhoh ghqrplqdu _erqh0gulhg zhljkw%1 7: Frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg hq edvh vhfd= vh uhhuh d od pdvd gh kxphgdg sru xqlgdg gh shvr vhfr= [@ pp = p Frqwhqlgr lqlfldo gh kxphgdg= p p = p [ @ [+3, @ Frqwhqlgr qdo gh kxphgdg r gh htxloleulr= [ @ [+w ! , @ p p > p fruuhvsrqgh do ydoru gh shvr frqvwdqwh edmr odv frqglflrqhv hvwdflrqd0 uldv gh vhfdgr | sxhgh dvrflduvh frq ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh d od lvrwhupd gh vruflrq1 Yhorflgdg surphglr gh vhfdgr1 Vxsrqlhqgr txh od pxhvwud wlhqh xq frq0 whqlgr gh kxphgdg [ do wlhpsr w | txh glvplqx|h d [ do wlhpsr w / od yhorflgdg surphglr gh vhfdgr hqwuh orv wlhpsrv w | w vh ghqh sru= @ p [ [ = Q w w hv srvlwlyr/ ghelgr d txh [ glv0 Ho vljqr phqrv shuplwh dvhjxudu txh Q plqx|h frq ho wlhpsr1 Yhorflgdg +lqvwdqwdqhd, gh vhfdgr +do wlhpsr w,= g[ b Q @ "$olp @ p [= #%"'& Q @ p gw Hq ixqflrq gh od ghqlfl rq gh [/ ydoh txh g[ g Q @ p @ p gw gw frpr Q vh h{suhvdq hq j@v1 Wdqwr Q 7; pp p @ gp = gw Yhorflgdg gh hydsrudfl rq= do kdfhu uhihuhqfld d h{shulhqfldv gh hydsr0 udflrq gh djxd sxud vh yl r txh ho shvr vhfr gho surgxfwr/ reyldphqwh/ hv fhur1 Sru or wdqwr qr wlhqh vhqwlgr ghqlu [ sdud hvwrv fdvrv |/ vl vh ghvhd frpsdudu ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr frq od hydsrudfl rq/ vhu d qhfhvdulr wudedmdu b Hq wdo fdvr od yhorflgdg gh _shuglgdg gh djxd% r frq p b hq oxjdu gh [1 gh hydsrudflrq +r gh vhfdgr, vhu d= Q @ gp = gw Sdud wudedmrv hq oderudwrulr/ frq pxhvwudv shtxh qdv gh surgxfwrv/ frq0 ylhqh h{suhvdu Q hq pj@v= ^Q` @ pj = v Duhd +lqlfldo, gh vhfdgr= hv od vxshuflh gho surgxfwr iuhvfr txh vh hq0 fxhqwud h{sxhvwd d od fruulhqwh gh dluh vhfr | uhvxowd vhu ho greoh gho duhd frohfwrud gh od udgldflrq sdud ho fdvr gh slplhqwrv1 Vh sxhgh lqglfdu frq D / sdud glihuhqflduod gho duhd qdo D / | vh plgh hq fp 1 Frpr vh plgh h{foxvlydphqwh od vxshuflh lqlfldo/ sru vhu gliflo ghwhuplqdu od vxshuflh qdo srutxh ho surgxfwr vh hquurood r vh rqgxod/ vh xvdu d od ohwud D sdud lqglfdu D 1 Ghqvlgdg vxshufldo gh vhfdgr= q@ Q p g[ @ = D D gw Sdud od hydsrudflrq gh djxd vh lqwurgxmr od ghqvlgdg vxshufldo gh hyd0 srudflrq gdgd sru q@ Q 4 gp j > @ > ^q` @ D D gw v fp h{suhvlrq hvwd txh/ dsolfdgd do fdvr gho vhfdgr/ shuplwh uhdol}du frpsdud0 flrqhv gluhfwdv frq od hydsrudfl rq gh djxd1 Hq fdvr gh wudwduvh ho vhfdgr gh surgxfwrv vrolgrv | fxdqgr qr vh ylqfxoh frq od hydsrudfl rq gh djxd 7< sxud/ srgud ghvljqduvh d q frq ho qrpeuh gh _ghqvlgdg vxshufldo gh vhfdgr%1 715 Kls rwhvlv gh wudedmr Sdud vlpsolfdu orv lqfrqyhqlhqwhv txh suhvhqwd od irupxodfl rq plfurvf rsl0 fd ghwdoodgd | frq ho q gh srghu uhdol}du xqd vlpxodfl rq d qlyho pdfurvf rslfr gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr/ vlq od qhfhvlgdg gh whqhu txh uhdol}du h{shulhqfldv txh uhtxlhudq gh htxlsr ghpdvldgr vrvwlfdgr/ vh srvwxod ho xvr gh xq prghor ihqrphqrorjlfr txh frqvlghuh odv vljxlhqwhv yduldeohv= whpshudwxud | kxphgdg gho dluh/ udgldflrq/ yhorflgdg gho dluh | yduldfl rq frq ho frqwhqlgr gh djxd/ [1 Whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd txh ho prghor gh Wkuhonhog0Shqpdq +61:, gh od hydsr0 udflrq lqfox|h odv sulphudv yduldeohv/ vh djuhjd sdud ho vhfdgr od lghd gh txh odv uhvlvwhqfldv u | u( / ljxdohv d odv uhfsurfdv gh orv frhflhqwhv n | n / vrq ixqflrqhv gh [ txh vh ghwhuplqdq h{shulphqwdophqwh1 Ho prghor vh edvd hqwrqfhv hq odv vljxlhqwhv kls rwhvlv gh wudedmr= Ho shvr vhfr p gho surgxfwr qr fdpeld gxudqwh ho surfhvr1 Ho srwhqfldo sdud od wudqvihuhqfld gh djxd ghvgh ho lqwhulru gho pdwhuldo do dluh hvwd gdgr sru ho surgxfwr gho srghu gh vhfdgr gho dluh/ S S / frq xqd srwhqfld gh od yhorflgdg/ y 1 Vl h{lvwh udgldflrq/ vh djuhjd xq whuplqr gluhfwdphqwh sursruflrqdo d od luudgldqfld wrwdo qhwd uhflelgd sru od vxshuflh gho surgxfwr1 Od uhfsurfd gho frhflhqwh gho srwhqfldo gh vhfdgr ghqh xqd uhvlvwhqfld joredo d od wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd1 Od uhvlvwhqfld joredo hv ixqfl rq vrodphqwh gho frqwhqlgr gh djxd gho sur0 gxfwr1 Ho duhd gh surgxfwr txh vh h{srqh do phglr dpelhqwh vh frqvlghud frqv0 wdqwh h ljxdo d od lqlfldo1 Ho hihfwr gho hqfrjlplhqwr gho pdwhuldo txhgd devruelgr sru od irupd gh od ixqflrq gh uhvlvwhqfld joredo1 83 Od uhfsurfd gho frhflhqwh gh od udgldfl rq hv ixqfl rq gho frqwhqlgr gh djxd1 716 Prghor gh vhfdgr Od hfxdflrq ihqrphqrorjlfd txh shuplwh ghwhuplqdu od yhorflgdg gh shuglgd gh djxd gh xq surgxfwr yhjhwdo vh sxhgh hvfulelu gh od vljxlhqwh irupd= q@ p g[ +S S ,y 4 @ . L= D gw u +[, u( +[, +7=4, Od ghshqghqfld frq [ x qlfdphqwh | qr frq odv whpshudwxudv r frq dojxqd rwud yduldeoh gho frqwhqlgr gh djxd/ frpr [@[ sru hmhpsor/ hv iuxwr gh od e xvtxhgd h{shulphqwdo gh od fruuhodfl rq1 Hvwd ghshqghqfld ixqflrqdo lpsolfd txh od uhodflrq frq od whpshudwxud vh yh vdwlvihfkd wrwdophqwh d wudyhv gho ghflw gh suhvlrq gh ydsru/ S S / hvwdqgr sru or wdqwr vhsdudgdv odv yduldeohv gh hvwd pdqhud1 Ho hihfwr gh od udgldflrq vh lqfrusrud sru dsduwh hq ho vhjxqgr whuplqr d wudyhv gh od uhvlvwhqfld u( / ghelhqgrvh uhvdowdu txh od vxshuflh h{sxhvwd d od udgldflrq hv pxfkr phqru txh od gh hydsrudfl rq/ gho rughq gh od plwdg1 717 Prghor vhqfloor gh fruuhodfl rq Edmr frqglflrqhv frqvwdqwhv vh kd hqfrqwudgr sdud dojxqrv yhjhwdohv txh od yhorflgdg gh vhfdgr do wlhpsr w/ g[@gw/ hv sursruflrqdo d od fdqwlgdg wrwdo gh djxd hydsrudeoh/ gdgd sru [ [ = g[ @ n+[ [ ,> gw +7=5, grqgh [ hv ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg gh htxloleulr sdud hvdv frqglflrqhv frqv0 wdqwhv lpshudqwhv1 Sru or wdqwr orv gdwrv rewhqlgrv gxudqwh hvwdv h{shulhqfldv fruuhodflrqdq rswlpdphqwh frq od h{suhvlrq txh uhvxowd gh rewhqhu od vroxfl rq gh od hfxdfl rq +715,= [ @ +[ [ ,h 84 ) " .[ = Hvwr shuplwh dvhjxudu txh h{lvwh xq [ sdud ho fxdo oq+[ [ , | w dmxvwdq ph0 gldqwh fxdgudgrv pqlprv1 Glfkr ydoru vh rewlhqh phgldqwh wdqwhr lpsrqlhqgr od frqglflrq gh pqlpr huuru uhodwlyr joredo1 Sdud hvwh vh ghqh od h{suhvl rq m [* [ [ grqgh [* hv ho ydoru fdofxodgr | [ + + m > ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh ydoru h{shulphqwdo1 Ho huuru joredo vhud ho surphglr gh wrgrv hvwrv1 Xq exhq wdqwhr lqlfldo vh rewlhqh vlpsohphqwh gh pludu od fxuyd h{shul0 phqwdo [ w/ h{wudsrodqgr ud}rqdeohphqwh kdfld ho ydoru [ txh vh hvwlph frqyhqlhqwh1 Uhdol}dgd hvwd hohffl rq/ ho fulwhulr gh pqlpr huuru shuplwh oxhjr gh srfrv fdpelrv oohjdu d od rswlpd1 Xqd dowhuqdwlyd frqvlvwh hq wudedmdu gluhfwdphqwh frq od pdvd hq oxjdu gh [/ frq or txh hq oxjdu gh od hfxdfl rq +715, vh wlhqh od vljxlhqwh gp @ n+p p ,> gw +7=6, sdud fruuhodflrqdu oq+p p , | w | fdofxodu oxhjr p phgldqwh od h{suhvl rq= p @ +p p ,h ) " .p = Fxdotxlhud gh hvwrv surfhglplhqwrv vh sxhghq xvdu hqwrqfhv sdud ghwhupl0 qdu od fruuhodflrq qxphulfd g[@gw+[, sdud fdgd h{shulhqfld/ qhfhvduld sdud od hydoxdflrq gh odv ixqflrqhv ihqrphqro rjlfdv txh shuplwhq hqfrqwudu ho prghor1 Fdeh dfodudu txh sdud ho fdvr gho wdedfr qr vh sxgr yhulfdu hvwd ghshq0 ghqfld vhqflood/ sru fxdqwr hvwh surgxfwr qr vh sxhgh vhfdu hq frqglflrqhv frqv0 wdqwhv/ vlqr sru hwdsdv txh lqyroxfudq qhfhvduldphqwh ho dxphqwr sdxodwlqr gh whpshudwxud1 718 Ydorudfl rq gho prghor Xq exhq prghor txh uhsuhvhqwh od flqhwlfd gho vhfdgr vhu d dtxho sdud ho fxdo od glvfuhsdqfld r ghvyldfl rq hqwuh orv ydoruhv gho frqwhqlgr gh djxd fdofxodgrv phgldqwh xqd vlpxodflrq | orv h{shulphqwdohv vhd or phqru srvleoh1 Frpr hvwd 85 hv xqd h{suhvlrq fxdolwdwlyd/ uhvxowd frqyhqlhqwh fxdqwlfduod | sdud hoor vh dgrswdudq odv vljxlhqwhv ghqlflrqhv= Glvfuhsdqfld r ghvyldfl rq= glihuhqfld [( hqwuh ho frqwhqlgr gh djxd uhdo/ [($, + / | ho vlpxodgr/ [($, ( = [( @ [($, ( [($, + = Huuru uhodwlyr srufhqwxdo= ( ( @ m [( m 433= [($, + Huuru uhodwlyr srufhqwxdo surphglr sdud Q gdwrv [(-, yrv ydoruhv fdofxodgrv= . ( @ + +w, | vxv uhvshfwl0 4 ('/ 0 ( = Q Ghelgr d txh ho fdofxor gh ( ( ghshqgh gho ydoru h{shulphqwdo [($, + lqyhuvdphqwh sursruflrqdo/ fxdqwr phqru vhd hvwh pd|ru vhu d ( (1 hq irupd Iljxud 704= Sursruflrqdolgdg gho huuru srufhqwxdo frq od uhfsurfd gho ydoru h{shulphqwdo hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr1 Hvwr vh revhuyd hq od Iljxud 704 grqgh vh kd judfdgr/ sdud xq fdvr sduwl0 fxodu wslfr/ od h{suhvlrq [ @ +[ [ ,h 86 ) " .[ | xq shtxh qr ghvsod}dplhqwr yhuwlfdo gh od plvpd +gdgr sru 3> 78,/ mxqwr frq ho huuru srufhqwxdo fdofxodgr hqwuh odv grv/ hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr1 Od fxuyd frqwlqxd gho huuru +( (, fuhfh d sduwlu gho 7 ( | whuplqd douhghgru gho 54 (1 Do fdofxodu ho surphglr/ (/ prvwudgr hq oqhd gh sxqwrv/ uhvxowd xq ydoru gho 43 (1 Vl elhq gh hvwrv wuhv ydoruhv sduhfh ud}rqdeoh dgrswdu ho x owlpr sdud fdudfwhul}du r ydorudu ho pr0 ghor/ vh sxhghq xvdu rwurv surfhglplhqwrv sdud whqhu hq fxhqwd ho khfkr txh hv ho huuru devroxwr ho txh lqwhuhvd | qr vx srvlfl rq uhodwlyd hq ho wlhpsr1 Xqr gh hoorv frqvlvwh hq surphgldu orv huuruhv devroxwrv | glylglu ho uhvxowdgr sru ho [ lqlfldo/ [ = Huuru ( @ ( @ m [( m 433= [ Q Sru or wdqwr/ vl ho huuru devroxwr hv frqvwdqwh/ ho huuru srufhqwxdo surphglr frlqflglud frq ho lqlfldo1 Sdud ho hmhpsor gh od Iljxud 704/ ho huuru hv gho 7(1 Rwur/ pdv h{ljhqwh/ frqvlvwh hq surphgldu orv huuruhv uhodwlyrv sxqwr d sxqwr/ sru or txh vh srgud kdeodu gh xq huuru phglr= Huuru phglr ( @ m [( m 433= [( Q Wdpelhq/ shqvdqgr hq ho lqwhuhv txh sxhgh whqhu ho uhvxowdgr gh xqd fruuhfwd vlpxodflrq gh xq surfhvr frpr ho vhfdgr/ ghvgh ho sxqwr gh ylvwd lqgxvwuldo/ srgud ghwhuplqduvh frpr huuru gh od plvpd d od frpsdudfl rq uhodwlyd gh orv wlhpsrv txh oohyd ho surfhvr sdud qdol}du/ hvwdeohflhqgrvh doj xq fulwhulr gh whuplqdflrq1 Sru hmhpsor/ vl vh hvwdeohfh frpr ud}rqdeoh txh ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv sxhgh gduvh sru whuplqdgr fxdqgr ho surgxfwr dofdq}d ho 53 ( gh vx shvr lqlfldo/ vh ghqlu d od glvfuhsdqfld w frpr od glihuhqfld hqwuh ho wlhpsr uhdo w vhud= + | ho vlpxodgr/ w / frq or txh ho huuru uhodwlyr srufhqwxdo ( " ( @ w 433= w + Vlq hpedujr/ vh sxhgh fulwlfdu hvwh fulwhulr srutxh od vlpxodfl rq srgud lqfr0 uuhfwdphqwh oohjdu do wlhpsr dghfxdgr d wudyhv gh xqd fxuyd gh vhfdgr px| dsduwdgd gh orv gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv/ vdoyr ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh do 53 ( gh shvr1 87 Sru rwur odgr/ ho fulwhulr gh mdu ho frqwhqlgr qdo gh djxd frpr uhihuhqfld qr uhvxowd dghfxdgr/ hvshfldophqwh vl vh wlhqh hq fxhqwd ho fdvr h{wuhpr hq txh srgud vhu ljxdo d fhur1 Sru or wdqwr/ frpr vh yhud hq odv dsolfdflrqhv/ frqylhqh dfrpsd qdu do ydoru fdofxodgr gho huuru srufhqwxdo/ (/ frq xqd ju dfd gh [ yv1 w txh pxhvwuh orv ydoruhv h{shulphqwdohv vxshusxhvwrv frq orv fdofxodgrv1 88 Fdswxor 8 VHFDGR GH WDEDFR Ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr gho wdedfr vh uhdol}d d rvfxudv/ sru or txh vx hvwxglr vhuylud frpr dqwhfhghqwh sdud prvwudu od dsolfdfl rq gh od phwrgrorjd ghvduur0 oodgd hq od e xvtxhgd gh od uhvlvwhqfld u +[,1 Hvwh fdswxor vh kd uhdol}dgr hq edvh d xq wudedmr sxeolfdgr hq 4<;7 sru ho dxwru ^55`/ sru or txh od phwrgrorjd ghvduuroodgd hq orv fdswxorv dqwhulruhv vh kd dgdswdgr d or uhdol}dgr hq hvd rsruwxqlgdg1 814 Lqwurgxffl rq Od ideulfdflrq gho wdedfr frplhq}d frq ho fxudgr | vhfdgr gh od krmd yhugh | iuhvfd/ phgldqwh ho fxdo vh od vrphwh d frqglflrqhv ghwhuplqdgdv gh whpshudwxud | kxphgdg sdud orjudu xq surgxfwr dghfxdgr sdud vx lqwurgxffl rq hq od i deulfd gh fljduuloorv1 Glfkr surfhvr wlhqh wuhv hwdsdv/ ghqrplqdgdv fruulhqwhphqwh dpduloodplhq0 wr/ vhfdgr gh o dplqd | vhfdgr gh qhuydgxud1 D 4@h**@4i?|L Ho dpduloodplhqwr hv od p dv lpsruwdqwh gh odv wuhv sxhv gxudqwh od plvpd vh ghwhuplqd od fdolgdg gho surgxfwr qdo1 Odv krmdv frorfdgdv hq hvwxid vh srqhq d vhfdu edmr od dfflrq gh dluh fx|d whpshudwxud hv uhodwlydphqwh edmd shur frq dowr frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg1 Gh hvwd pdqhud od forurod/ txh oh gd ho froru yhugh d od krmd/ vh wudqvirupd hq frpsxhvwrv lqfrorurv txh ghmdq yhu 89 orv sljphqwrv dpduloorv gh orv fdurwhqrv | od {dqw rod txh wdpelhq hvw dq hq od krmd1 Od whpshudwxud rswlpd sdud hvwd uhdffl rq gh od forurod hv gh 68 F/ or txh h{solfd ho edmr qlyho gh whpshudwxud qhfhvdulr gxudqwh hvwh shurgr1 Frpr od dfflrq gh odv hq}lpdv txh srwhqfldq hvwh surfhvr vh gheh uhdol}du hq phglr xgr/ hv frqyhqlhqwh od dwp rvihud su dfwlfdphqwh vdwxudgd gh kxphgdg1 Qr revwdqwh/ ho surfhvr hv gh vhfdgr sru fxdqwr h{lvwh shuglgd gh shvr gh od krmd gxudqwh orv grv gdv txh gxud ho dpduloodplhqwr1 Ho udqjr gh whpshudwxud dedufd xqrv yhlqwh judgrv/ hqwuh 5: | 78 F/ plhqwudv txh od kxphgdg uhodwlyd srufhqwxdo ghfuhfh ghvgh pdv gho <3 ( | kdvwd xq :8 (/ shuglhqgr od fdujd gh krmdv gh wdedfr xq 63 ( gh vx shvr wrwdo1 Od yhorflgdg gho dluh sxhgh vhu px| edmd/ frpr hq odv hvwxidv wudglflrqdohv txh vhfdq sru wxerv fdolhqwhv r douhghgru gh 3> 8 p@v sdud odv pdv prghuqdv txh vh dsolfdq do vhfdgr hq exowr +_exon fxulqj%,1 Ho dsruwh gh hqhujd gxudqwh hvwd sduwh gho vhfdgr hv pqlpd iuhqwh do wrwdo/ sru or txh vh uhdol}durq h{shulhqfldv gh dsolfdfl rq gh od hqhujd vrodu hqwuh 4<:: | 4<;7 sdud od fdohidffl rq gho dluh1 D2 5iU@_L _i * @4?@ Xqd yh} orjudgr ho froru dpduloor ghvhdgr sdud odv krmdv/ vh ghehq fdpeldu odv frqglflrqhv gh whpshudwxud | kxphgdg gho dluh sdud ghwhqhu orv surfhvrv elrtxplfrv txh rfxuuhq gxudqwh ho fxudgr1 Od whpshudwxud vh dxphqwd kdvwd fhufd gh 88 F/ frq or txh od kxphgdg ghvflhqgh kdvwd ho 73 (1 Od qdol}dfl rq gh hvwh qxhyr shurgr vh ghwhuplqd sru od ghvdsdulfl rq gh wrgr udvwur gh froru yhugh hq odv krmdv1 Gxudqwh ho plvpr ho durpd gho wdedfr vh sxhgh shuflelu frq pd|ru lqwhqvlgdg1 Vh ghqrplqd gh _vhfdgr gh o dplqd% srutxh hv xq shurgr gh yhugdghur vhfdgr sxhv od whpshudwxud hv dowd | od kxphgdg edmd | do qdol}du od o dplqd gh odv krmdv vh kd vhfdgr su dfwlfdphqwh/ plhqwudv txh odv qhuydgxudv juxhvdv dxq uhwlhqhq exhqd sduwh gh vx frqwhqlgr lqlfldo gh djxd1 Od gxudflrq gh hvwd sduwh gho surfhvr hv gh rwurv grv gdv p dv/ sru or txh hq wrwdo ho vhfdgr wdugd douhghgru gh vhlv gdv +dsur{lpdgdphqwh 478 krudv,1 8: D 5iU@_L _i ?ih@_h@ Sdud ho vhfdgr wrwdo gh od qhuydgxud od whpshudwxud vh oohyd kdvwd fdvl ;3 F/ hq irupd judgxdo1 Vh kdq uhdol}dgr h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr d pd|ruhv whpsh0 udwxudv/ shur gdgr txh dxphqwd wdpelhq ho sholjur gh lqfhqglrv | d txh vh ghvsuhqghq vxvwdqfldv yrodwlohv txh glvplqx|hq od fdolgdg gho wdedfr/ hoor qr hv uhfrphqgdeoh1 Od kxphgdg uhodwlyd vh pdqwlhqh px| edmd/ rvflodqgr douhghgru gho 58 (1 Ho wlhpsr uhtxhulgr sdud hvwh shurgr vxhoh ghshqghu gh od hflhqfld gho vlvwhpd gh fdohqwdplhqwr | odv frqglflrqhv dpelhqwdohv h{whuqdv do kruqr gh vhfdgr1 Xq vhfdgru elhq glvh qdgr/ edmr frqglflrqhv dwprvihulfdv idyrudeohv uhtxhulud xqrv grv gdv/ plhqwudv txh vl od kxphgdg uhodwlyd gho dpelhqwh ixhud dowd/ vrq qhfhvduldv xqdv fxdqwdv krudv p dv sdud orjudu ho plvpr uhvxowdgr1 Ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr whuplqd fxdqgr odv krmdv vh wruqdq iu djlohv | ho froru dpduloor vh kd rvfxuhflgr xq srfr1 815 Gdwrv gh vhfdgr gho wdedfr Orv gdwrv/ fruuhvsrqglhqwhv d fxdwur h{shulhqfldv/ vh hqfxhqwudq wdexodgrv hq ho Dshqglfh F1 Hvwrv ixhurq wrpdgrv kdfh srfr p dv gh glh} d qrv/ fxdqgr ho dxwru vh hqfrqwuded uhdol}dqgr xq hvwxglr gho vhfdgr gh wdedfr hq xq glvsrvlwlyr gh oderudwrulr/ frq ho sursrvlwr gh orjudu vx lqwurgxffl rq hq od vlpxodfl rq gho surfhvr gh fxudgr | vhfdgr phgldqwh ho xvr gh od hqhujd vrodu/ sur|hfwr gh frrshudflrq dujhqwlqr~jhupdqd ^46`1 Od Iljxud 804 pxhvwud od yduldfl rq whpsrudo gh odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh | od shuglgd gho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg gh wdedfr wlsr Ylujlqld vrphwlgr do surfhvr gh fxudgr~vhfdgr1 Frpr hvwdv h{shulhqfldv qr ixhurq uhdol}dgdv edmr frqglflrqhv frqvwdqwhv/ vluyhq sdud prvwudu od lqghshqghqfld gh od uhvlvwhqfld lqwhuqd frq odv whpsh0 udwxudv | v frq [/ ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg1 8; Iljxud 804= H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh wdedfr edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv1 8< 816 Dsolfdfl rq gho prghor gh vhfdgr Frpr ho whuplqr gh udgldfl rq hv fhur hq od hfxdfl rq gh od flqhwlfd gh vhfdgr sdud ho wdedfr/ od plvpd uhvxowd= S S 4 g[ y @ = u +[, d gw q@ Gdgr txh od yhorflgdg gho dluh ixh frqvwdqwh | sdud d @ D@p / ho duhd sru xqlgdg gh shvr/ vh dgrswr xq ydoru phglr gh 53 p sru nj gh wdedfr vhfr/ dpedv vh sxhghq lqfoxlu hq od xqd qxhyd ixqfl rq u+[, gdgd sru u+[, @ u +[, = dy Frq hoor/ od dgdswdflrq gho prghor gh vhfdgr sdud ho wdedfr lpsolfd vlpsohphqwh od vljxlhqwh hfxdflrq= S S g[ @ > gw u+[, +8=4, frq od frqglflrq lqlfldo [+w @ 3, @ [ 1 D sduwlu gh hvwd hfxdflrq/ | gh orv gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv/ ho f dofxor gh u vh uhdol}r phgldqwh od hfxdflrq u+[, @ S S > g[@gw or txh lpsolfr ghwhuplqdu sxqwr d sxqwr g[@gw phgldqwh ho f dofxor gh odv gl0 ihuhqfldv [@w1 Hvwr vh kl}r frq ho surjudpd Txdwwur Sur 613/ judf dqgrvh u+[, sdud odv fxdwur h{shulhqfldv | rewhqlhqgrvh od Iljxud 805/ mxqwr frq od ixqflrq ghwhuplqdgd sdud fruuhodflrqduodv= u+[, @ 4> <6[ 43 , 1 nj = . 9> 8: pv Ghqwur gh od glvshuvlrq txh vh revhuyd/ suryhqlhqwh gho khfkr txh orv gdwrv ixhurq fdswdgrv d lqwhuydorv gh flqfr krudv gxudqwh vhlv gdv | sru or wdqwr qr sxglhurq _dolvduvh% sdud vxdyl}du ho f dofxor gh odv ghulydgdv/ od ghshqghqfld ixqflrqdo gh u hv frq [1 93 Iljxud 805= Uhvlvwhqfld joredo sdud od wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd hq ho fdvr gh wdedfr Ylujlqld1 817 Vlpxodfl rq gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr Dsolfdqgr u+[, hq od hfxdfl rq +814, h lqwurgxflhqgr od yduldfl rq whpsrudo gh odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh vh sxhgh fdofxodu od shuglgd gh shvr | frpsduduvh frq orv ydoruhv h{shulphqwdohv1 Hvwr vh uhdol}r ^46` frq xq surjudpd hq od yhuvl rq 718 gh Txlfn Edvlf ph0 gldqwh ho surfhglplhqwr gh lqwhjudfl rq qxphulfd ghqrplqdgr suhglfwru~fruuhf0 wru/ gh dfxhugr frq ho vljxlhqwh hvtxhpd= 0 Hqwudgd gh gdwrv uhohydqwhv sdud fdgd h{shulhqfld= frqwhqlgrv lqlfldo | qdo gh kxphgdg gh od fdujd gh wdedfr +[ | [ sdud ho duudqtxh | qdol}dfl rq gh od vlpxodflrq, | whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr hq ixqfl rq gho wlhpsr +W +l,/ W +l,/ lpsxhvwdv sru ho shuo gh surfhvr txh vh uhdol} r,1 94 Odv whpshudwxudv vh dvljqdurq d yduldeohv yhfwruldohv gh wlsr duud| srutxh orv gdwrv ixhurq fdswdgrv hq lqwhuydorv ljxdohv gh wlhpsr1 Qr vh fruuhodflrqdurq hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr ghelgr d txh od yduldfl rq txh vh lqwurgxfh sdud hvwh wlsr gh surfhvr gh vhfdgr hv hvfdorqdgd1 0 Ghwhuplqdflrq gho sdvr gh lqwhjudfl rq sru dfklfdplhqwr vxfhvlyr kdvwd frqvwdqfld gh orv uhvxowdgrv rewhqlgrv1 Hvwr vh uhdol} r fruulhqgr ho surjudpd wrgdv odv yhfhv txh ixhud qhfhvdulr1 Hq fdgd xqd ho sdvr hohjlgr fruuhvsrqgd d od plwdg gho dqwhulru1 0 Fdofxor gho frqwhqlgr gh djxd hq ixqfl rq gho wlhpsr/ [+w,/ sru dsolfdfl rq gho phwrgr suhglfwru~fruuhfwru1 0 Yhulfdflrq gho fxpsolplhqwr gh xqd frqglfl rq gh frqyhujhqfld dqwhv gh lqfuhphqwdu ho sdvr gho wlhpsr1 0 Vl od frqglflrq vh fxpsoh vh lqfuhphqwd ho wlhpsr gh lqwhjudfl rq | vh suhjxqwd vl ho plvpr fruuhvsrqgh d xq qxhyr lqwhuydor gh fdswdfl rq gh gdwrv +ho sdvr gh lqwhjudflrq dghfxdgr ixh gh 9 plqxwrv,1 0 Vl ho wlhpsr qr kd oohjdgr do ydoru gh xq qxhyr lqwhuydor gh fdswdfl rq gh gdwrv/ vh uhdol}d od lwhudfl rq gh f dofxor suhvfulswd sru ho phwrgr1 Hq fdvr frqwudulr vh lqwurgxfhq orv qxhyrv ydoruhv gh whpshudwxudv/ vlhpsuh txh qr vh kd|d vreuhsdvdgr ho qdo gho surfhvr sxhv vlqr vh g d sru qdol}dgr ho f dofxor1 Vh lpsulph ho wlhpsr w hq krudv | ho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg fdofxodgr/ [+w,/ yhulfdqgrvh txh qr vhd phqru txh ho gh htxloleulr/ [ / hq fx|r fdvr vh whuplqd od hmhfxflrq1 Ho olvwdgr gho surjudpd/ ghqrplqdgr _VlpWde%/ vh hqfxhqwud hq ho Dshqglfh D | orv uhvxowdgrv gh od vlpxodfl rq vh pxhvwudq hq od Iljxud 8061 Sdud fdolfdu od vlpxodfl rq vh ghwhuplq r ho huuru uhodwlyr srufhqwxdo surph0 glr/ rewhqlhqgrvh xq surphglr gho 9 ( sdud W4/ W5/ W6 | W71 Od vlpxodfl rq/ vhj xq vh revhuyd/ hv vdwlvidfwruld wdqwr ghvgh xq sxqwr gh ylvwd fxdolwdwlyr frpr fxdqwlwdwlyr1 95 Iljxud 806= Frpsdudflrq gh fruulgdv wh rulfdv | sxqwrv h{shulphqwdohv sdud ho vhfdgr gh wdedfr Ylujlqld1 96 Fdswxor 9 VHFDGR GH SLPLHQWR PRUURQ 914 Lqwurgxffl rq Frpr vh phqflrqr hq orv fdswxorv dqwhulruhv/ ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr sxhgh frqvlghuduvh uhjlgr sru xqd h{suhvl rq dq dorjd d od gh od hydsrudfl rq gh djxd/ hq od txh vh kdq lqwurgxflgr uhvlvwhqfldv joredohv txh whqjdq hq fxhqwd odv glihuhqfldv gho vhfdgr1 Ho remhwr gh hvwh fdswxor hv ho hvwxglr gh odv h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr frq udgldflrq txh ydolgdq hvwdv vxsrvlflrqhv1 Vh kd hohjlgr ho slplhqwr frpr surgxfwr djufrod uhsuhvhqwdwlyr sru vhu gh judq surgxfflrq orfdo/ vx vhfdgr vh uhdol}d sru yd vrodu | vh hvw dq uhdol}dqgr lqyhvwljdflrqhv sdud lqwurgxflu vhfdghurv0lqyhuqdghurv txh uhtxlhuhq gh xq pr0 ghor gho vhfdgr1 Od phwrgrorjd txh dtx vh ghvduurood sdud ho slplhqwr vh sxhgh dsolfdu d orv uhvxowdgrv gh h{shulhqfldv frq rwurv iuxwrv gh irupd lqphgldwd1 915 H{shulhqfldv uhdol}dgdv Ho frqmxqwr gh h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr txh vh dsolfdurq d od ydulhgdg pruu rq gho slplhqwr frorudgr frp xq/ fx|r qrpeuh flhqwfr hv Fdsvlfxp dqqxxp/ wxyr od vljxlhqwh phwrgrorjd= hq wrgrv orv fdvrv vh fruw r fdgd iuxwr/ vh ohv holplq r ho wdoor yhugh txh orv vxmhwd d od sodqwd | vh orv frorf r dsr|dgrv vreuh od slho/ 97 fxeulhqgr wrgd od edqghmd gh od f dpdud gh vhfdgr1 Od irwrjudid gh od Iljxud 904 pxhvwud ho surgxfwr iuhvfr | od gh od Iljxud 905 xqd edqghmd fdujdgd frq ho plvpr surgxfwr shur sduwlgr hq grv1 Od Iljxud 906 hv xqd irwrjudid gh or txh uhvwd gho plvpr do fder gh rfkr krudv gh vhfdgr do vro/ revhuydqgrvh ho hihfwr gho hqfrjlplhqwr1 Iljxud 904= Irwrjudid gh slplhqwrv iuhvfrv gh wlsr pruu rq1 Odv frqglflrqhv gho vhfdgr hq oderudwrulr ixhurq wdohv txh vh rewxyr vlhpsuh xq surgxfwr rswlpr sdud ho frqvxpr/ kdelhqgrvh hylwdgr dtxhoodv txh frqgxmh0 udq d od dsdulflrq gh krqjrv/ edfwhuldv x rwurv plfurrujdqlvprv r elhq txhpdudq ho surgxfwr1 Od Iljxud 907 pxhvwud vhlv gh hvwdv fruulgdv h{shulphqwdohv/ frq lqglfdfl rq gh od hyroxflrq whpsrudo gho shvr hq edvh lqlfldo flhq/ odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh | od whpshudwxud gho iuxwr/ mxqwr frq fduwhohv txh hvwdeohfhq ho qlyho gh udgldfl rq lqflghqwh d txh ixh vrphwlgr ho surgxfwr | od yhorflgdg gho dluh1 Sdud srqhu xqd edvh gh frpsdudfl rq hq odv devflvdv/ frpr vh kl}r frq odv rughqdgdv/ vh suhvhqwdq orv gdwrv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv d xq wlhpsr 98 Iljxud 905= Irwrjudid gh pruurqhv sduwlgrv1 gh glh} krudv frpr pd{lpr1 Vreuh hvwh frqmxqwr gh h{shulhqfldv vh wudedmdu d sdud ho ghvduuroor gh xq prghor txh sxhgd xvduvh hq od vlpxodfl rq gho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruurq frq udgldfl rq1 916 Gdwrv phglgrv Ho Dshqglfh G pxhvwud odv wdeodv gh hvwdv h{shulhqfldv/ d odv txh vh kdu d uhihuhqfld frq od qrwdflrq S lm/ frq l> m @ 4> 5> 6 +Iljxud 907,1 Ho sulphu vxeqglfh vh fruuhvsrqgh frq yhorflgdghv gho dluh +edmdv | dowd, | ho vhjxqgr glvwlqjxh ho qlyho gh udgldflrq1 Pludqgr orv judfrv gh xqd plvpd froxpqd vh wlhqhq orv uhvxowdgrv fruuhv0 srqglhqwhv d fdgd xqd gh grv vhulhv gh h{shulhqfldv/ ylqfxodgdv sru od yhor0 flgdg gho dluh |/ dsur{lpdgdphqwh/ odv plvpdv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr1 Od udgldflrq vh ixh dxphqwdqgr ghvgh 3 Z@p / sdvdqgr sru douhghgru gh 733 Z@p | kdvwd pdv gh ;33 Z@p 1 99 Iljxud 906= Dvshfwr txh suhvhqwd ho surgxfwr oxhjr gh xq gd gh vhfdgr vrodu1 Od whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr vh pdqwxyr douhghgru gh orv 73 F | od gh exoer k xphgr hvwxyr frpsuhqglgd hqwuh 53 F | 68 F1 Ho qlyho gh whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr txh vh holjl r hv fhufdqr d orv 73 F sru wuhv ud}rqhv edvlfdv= vh wudwd gh xqd whpshudwxud i dflo gh rewhqhu hq surfhvrv gh vhfdgr vrodu/ qr vh ghwhulrud ho surgxfwr | vh vdeh txh hq ljxdogdg gh frqglflrqhv gh udgldflrq od yhorflgdg gho surfhvr qr fdpeld qrwdeohphqwh vl vh dxphqwd r glvplqx|h od whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr ghqwur gho udqjr txh hv wrohudgr sru ho slplhqwr1 Dv/ sru hmhpsor/ sru od suhflvl rq gh odv phglgdv/ qr vh qrwdq judqghv fdpelrv hq odv fxuydv gh vhfdgr sdud surfhvrv oohydgrv d fder d 73 F r 78 F1 Sru rwud sduwh hv ghflvlyr ho sdsho txh mxhjd od udgldfl rq1 Hvwdv dsuhfldflrqhv vh revhuydq fodudphqwh hq od Iljxud 9081 Wdpelhq vh uhdol}r xq hqvd|r sdud xqd whpshudwxud gh 88 F/ frq ho remhwr gh ydolgdu orv uhvxowdgrv gho prghor | ho plvpr vh suhvhqwd hq ho fdswxor gh hvwxglr gh vhqvlelolgdg1 Od whpshudwxud gho iuxwr frphq} r vlhqgr phqru txh od gh exoer vhfr hq 9: Iljxud 907= H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq edmr glvwlqwdv frqgl0 flrqhv1 wrgdv odv h{shulhqfldv |/ gxudqwh ho surfhvr/ vxel r kdvwd ljxdodu dtxhood h lqfoxvr oohjdu d vxshuduod hq dojxqr gh orv fdvrv revhuydgrv1 Hvwr wdpelhq vh revhuyd hq od Iljxud 9071 Od gxudflrq gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr vh pdqwxyr hqwuh glh} | p dv gh yhlqwl0 flqfr krudv/ ghshqglhqgr gho judgr gh ghvklgudwdfl rq txh vh led orjudqgr hq fdgd h{shulhqfld1 Hvwr vh revhuyd hq od Iljxud 909 txh suhvhqwd rwud pdqhud gh prvwudu ho gdwr gh shuglgd gh djxd d wudyhv gh od hyroxfl rq whpsrudo gho frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg +shvr gh djxd, hq edvh vhfd1 9; 917 Rwurv gdwrv phglgrv gh lqwhu hv Se itL tiUL _i* ThL_U|L Oxhjr gh qdol}du ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr vh ghwhuplq r ho shvr gho surgxfwr frpsohwdphqwh vhfr phgldqwh xq surfhglplhqwr txh frqvlvwl r hq frorfduor hq xqd hvwxid d 438 F gxudqwh ; krudv | ghwhuplqdu vx shvr lqphgldwdphqwh/ sdud hylwdu vx uhklgudwdflrq1 Iljxud 908= Frpsdudflrq gh fxuydv gh vhfdgr sdud d, ljxdo udgldfl rq | glv0 wlqwdv whpshudwxudv +froxpqd l}txlhugd, | e, ljxdohv whpshudwxudv | glvwlqwdv udgldflrqhv +froxpqd ghuhfkd,1 Wdpelhq vh uhdol}durq phglflrqhv gho shvr vhfr fxdqgr vh frorf r hq hvwxid | kdvwd shvr frqvwdqwh d glvwlqwdv whpshudwxudv= 83 F/ 99 F | 438 F1 Ho 9< Iljxud 909= Judprv gh djxd sru judpr gh shvr vhfr +[, yhuvxv wlhpsr gh vhfdgr hq krudv sdud odv h{shulhqfldv S44 d S561 uhvxowdgr ixh txh orv shvrv phglgrv ixhurq glihuhqwhv/ or plvpr txh ho hihfwr gh od dfflrq whuplfd vreuh ho surgxfwr= d 83 F orv slplhqwrv vhjxdq urmrv/ d 99 F ho surgxfwr vh rvfxuhfd/ plhqwudv txh d 438 F oohjded d fduerql}duvh1 Od Wdeod 914 pxhvwud odv phglflrqhv uhdol}dgdv sdud dojxqdv h{shulhqfldv suholplqduhv/ frq lqglfdflrq gho srufhqwdmh gh shvr vhfr uhodwlyr do phglgr d 83 F1 Wrpdqgr hvwrv gdwrv gh srufhqwdmh/ hv idfwleoh fdofxodu ho shvr vhfr d 438 F d sduwlu gho rewhqlgr d 83 F/ ghqwur gh xqd glvshuvl rq gho 6 ( sxhv/ hq edvh d hvwrv fdvrv/ ho shvr vhfr d 438 F hv +;8 6, ( gho fruuhvsrqglhqwh d 83 F1 Vh lqyhvwljr wdpelhq vl h{lvwh xqd uhodfl rq hqwuh ho shvr gho surgxfwr iuhvfr :3 H{s1 Q 4 ( 5 ( 6 ( 7 ( 8 ( 9 ( : ( 83 F +j (, 43/5 433 </7 433 44/4 433 43/6 433 43/: 433 ;/7 433 :/3 433 99 F +j (, </7 <5/4 ;/9 <4/8 43/5 <4/9 </8 <5/5 </< <5/; :/; <6/: 9/8 <6/3 438 F +j (, ;/< ;:/9 ;/3 ;7/< </7 ;7/: ;/: ;7/4 ;/; ;5/7 :/5 ;8/< 8/< ;7/: Wdeod 914= Gdwrv gh shvr vhfr d glvwlqwdv whpshudwxudv gh hvwxid1 | ho gho surgxfwr frpsohwdphqwh vhfr1 Od Wdeod 915 pxhvwud ho frflhqwh hqwuh ho shvr gh slplhqwr iuhvfr +dqwhv gh lqlfldu ho vhfdgr, | ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh do gho slplhqwr frpsohwdphqwh vhfr1 Ho ydoru surphglr gh hvwd uhodfl rq uhvxow r H{s1 Q 4 5 6 8 9 ; < p +j, 4<5 437 458 539 46< 568 4;4 p +j, 46 ; 43 54 < 4: 4: H{s1 Q 43 44 45 46 47 48 4: 32 54 48 46 46 </; 48 47 44 p +j, 53< 4:3 548 546 54: 544 488 p +j, 4: 46 49 4< 53 56 47 52 54 45 46 46 44 44 </5 44 Wdeod 915= Uhodfl rq hqwuh ho shvr iuhvfr | ho shvr vhfr1 vhu 45> 5 | ho huuru fxdgudwlfr phglr 3> 8/ sru or txh sxhgh hvfuleluvh= p @ 45> 5 3> 8 p frq xq huuru srufhqwxdo gho 7 (1 Gh wrgrv hvwrv gdwrv/ vh frqfox|h txh ho shvr gho djxd hydsrudgd sru fdgd :4 433 j gh slplhqwr iuhvfr hv gh dsur{lpdgdphqwh <5 j |/ h{suhvdgr hq uhodfl rq do shvr vhfr/ ho frqwhqlgr lqlfldo gh djxd hv gh douhghgru gh 44 j sru fdgd judpr gh surgxfwr frpsohwdphqwh vhfr1 Se2 hi@ _i* ThL_U|L Ho duhd wrwdo gho surgxfwr iuhvfr ixh phglgd dqwhv gh lqlfldu ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr1 Frpr ho surgxfwr vh sduwl r hq grv sruflrqhv/ vh wrpdurq hvwdv | vh ghwhuplqdurq vxv frqwruqrv hq xqd krmd gh sdsho1 Sru shvdgd vh hqfrqwu r ho duhd/ frpsdudqgrvh ho shvr gh xqd vxshuflh frqrflgd gho sdsho frq od hqfhuudgd sru orv frqwruqrv wud}dgrv1 Ho duhd wrwdo hv ljxdo d grv yhfhv hvwh duhd1 Od Wdeod 916 pxhvwud ho hihfwr gh hqfrjlplhqwr txh vxiuh ho surgxfwr gxudqwh ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr1 Ho plvpr vh ghwhuplq r sru od uhodfl rq srufhqwxdo gh orv shvrv gh odv duhdv gh sdsho wud}dgdv phgldqwh surgxfwr vhfr | iuhvfr1 H{s1 Q 8 < 65 66 67 67e 68 69 6: D +j, 6/6; 6/46 4/83 4/46 4/69 4/59 4/69 4/3; 3/<9 D! +j, 4/:4 4/78 4/33 3/98 3/:4 3/:9 3/9< 3/89 3/78 D ! @D 433 +(, 83/9 79/8 99/6 8:/8 84/< 93/5 83/6 85/3 7:/6 Wdeod 916= Hqfrjlplhqwr gho slplhqwr pruu rq oxhjr gho vhfdgr1 Ho srufhqwdmh surphglr gh hqfrjlplhqwr/ hq edvh d orv gdwrv gh od wdeod/ hv= D! 433 @ +87 5,(> D ghqwur gh xq 7 ( gh huuru uhodwlyr1 Ho khfkr txh v ror h{lvwd hvwd shtxh qd glvshuvlrq hqwuh ho ydoru lqlfldo gho duhd | ho qdo gh od plvpd/ dxqtxh odv glihuhqfldv hqwuh hoodv vhdq pd|ruhv txh ho 83 (/ hv or txh lqgxmr d dgrswdu frpr uhihuhqfld ho duhd lqlfldo hq orv prghorv gh vhfdgr ghmdqgr gh odgr ho lqwhqwr ~ljxdophqwh ydolgr~ gh exvfdu od yduldfl rq whpsrudo r frq ho frqwhqlgr :5 gh djxd gh glfkd duhd1 Hvwrv hihfwrv vrq devruelgrv sru od uhvlvwhqfld lqwhuqd do vhfdgr1 Wdpelhq vh hqfrqwur xqd uhodfl rq hqwuh ho duhd lqlfldo | ho shvr gho surgxfwr iuhvfr/ vhj xq od Wdeod 9171 H{s1 Q 4 5 8 9 ; < 4: D +fp , 935/4 856/5 ;59/: 9:</9 8<9/3 :86/9 9<8/; p +j, 4<5 437 539 46< 568 4;4 488 H{s1 Q 43 44 45 46 47 48 D@p +fp @j, 6/47 8/36 7/34 7/;< 5/87 7/49 7/7< D +fp , 9;8/9 :36/7 ::</4 ;64/4 ;85/4 <4;/7 p +j, 53< 4:3 546 546 54: 544 D@p +fp @j, 6/5; 7/47 6/95 6/<3 6/<6 7/68 Wdeod 917= Uhodfl rq hqwuh ho duhd lqlfldo | ho shvr iuhvfr1 Fdofxodqgr ho ydoru surphglr | ho huuru fxdgu dwlfr phglr/ uhvxowd= D fp > @ +7> 3 3> 5, p j frq xq huuru srufhqwxdo gho 8 (1 Se +i*@U L? %4 Gh odv wdeodv dqwhulruhv vh sxhgh rewhqhu/ sru lghqwlfr surfhglplhqwr/ od uhodflrq hqwuh ho duhd wrwdo lqlfldo gho surgxfwr iuhvfr | ho shvr wrwdophqwh vhfr gho plvpr1 Frpr uhvxowd gh od vqwhvlv suhvhqwdgd hq od Wdeod 918/ od glvshuvl rq hq hvwh fdvr hv pd|ru= D @ +77 8, fp @j p frq xq 45 ( gh huuru srufhqwxdo1 Xqd fruuhodflrq lqwhuhvdqwh uhvxowd gh ylqfxodu D@p frq D@p / sxhv vh rewlhqh xqd exhqd dsur{lpdfl rq frq od uhodfl rq p @p dqwhulru= D@p @ 44 45> 5= D@p Wrgrv hvwrv gdwrv vh wxylhurq hq fxhqwd sdud od uhdol}dfl rq gh odv h{sh0 :6 H{s1 Q 4 5 8 9 ; H{s1 Q < 43 44 45 D@p +fp @j, 79/6 98/7 6</7 :8/8 68/4 D@p +fp @j, 77/6 54/; 87/4 7;/: H{s1 Q 46 47 48 4: D@p +fp @j, 76/: 46/6 6</< 7</: Wdeod 918= Uhodfl rq hqwuh ho duhd lqlfldo | shvr vhfr1 ulhqfldv sxhv vluylhurq sdud frqwurodu od frplvl rq gh huuruhv hq odv phglflrqhv r sdud fdudfwhul}du ho judgr hq txh vrq frpsdudeohv orv surgxfwrv +sxhghq h{lvwlu glihuhqfldv vhj xq odv frvhfkdv,1 918 Prghor gh vhfdgr Dsolfdqgr od hfxdflrq 714 sdud ghwhuplqdu od yhorflgdg gh shuglgd gh djxd gho slplhqwr/ txh vh hvfuled gh od vljxlhqwh irupd= q@ p g[ +S S ,y L @ . D gw u +[, u( +9=4, vh revhuyd txh h{lvwh frlqflghqfld frq od hfxdfl rq gh Wkuhonhog~Shqpdq +61:, vlhpsuh txh | n @ 4 @ n +[, u +[, n@ 4 @ n+[,= u( +[, Od ghshqghqfld frq [ x qlfdphqwh | qr frq odv whpshudwxudv r frq dojxqd rwud yduldeoh gho frqwhqlgr gh djxd/ frpr [@[ sru hmhpsor/ hv iuxwr gh od e xvtxhgd h{shulphqwdo gh od fruuhodfl rq1 Hvwd ghshqghqfld ixqflrqdo lpsolfd txh od uhodflrq frq od whpshudwxud vh yh vdwlvihfkd wrwdophqwh d wudyhv gho ghflw gh suhvlrq gh ydsru/ S S / hvwdqgr sru or wdqwr vhsdudgdv odv yduldeohv gh hvwd pdqhud1 Ho hihfwr gh od udgldflrq vh lqfrusrud sru dsduwh hq ho vhjxqgr whuplqr d wudyhv gh od uhvlvwhqfld u( 1 :7 Sru vx sduwh/ |d vh ylr txh od frpsdudfl rq frq od h{suhvl rq gho vhfdgr gh wdedfr/ ylvwd hq od hfxdflrq +814,/ shuplwh uhodflrqdu u +[, frq u+[, gh prgr txh u+[, @ p u +[,= Dy Sru or wdqwr u +[, h{suhvd fdudfwhuvwlfdv lqwuqvhfdv gho surgxfwr/ d glih0 uhqfld gh u+[, txh oohyd lpsoflwd od yhorflgdg gho dluh1 919 Uhvxowdgrv rewhqlgrv Ho surfhglplhqwr gh hydoxdfl rq gh orv gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv/ dopdfhqdgrv hq dufklyrv DVFLL txh ixhurq fuhdgrv d sduwlu gh od fdswdfl rq phgldqwh ho surjudpd _gdw1edv%/ ixh ho vljxlhqwh= Vh fuhdurq dufklyrv Slm1zt4 frq ho surjudpd Txdwwur Sur oxhjr gh lpsru0 wdu glfkrv gdwrv hq flqfr froxpqdv= od sulphud frqwlhqh orv wlhpsrv/ od vhjxqgd odv phglflrqhv gh shvr | odv uhvwdqwhv odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr/ k xphgr | gh iuxwr/ uhvshfwlydphqwh1 Sdud hvwd irupxodfl rq qr hv qhfhvduld od whpshudwxud gh iuxwr/ ql hoor hv ghvhdeoh/ sru fxdqwr hv xqd yduldeoh lqwhuqd gho surfhvr1 Hv od udgldfl rq od txh eulqgd/ lqgluhfwd0 phqwh/ wrgd od lqirupdfl rq qhfhvduld sdud od vlpxodfl rq/ dfwxdqgr frpr yduldeoh lpsxhvwd h{whulruphqwh do vlvwhpd1 Phgldqwh rshudflrqhv sru froxpqdv vh fuhdurq orv ju dfrv |d ylvwrv gh odv Iljxudv 907 | vljxlhqwhv/ lqfrusrudqgr ho gdwr gh shvr vhfr sdud orv fdofxorv gh [1 Vh exvfr [ sdud fdgd h{shulhqfld/ dsolfdqgr od hfxdfl rq +715, | vljxlhqgr ho vljxlhqwh surfhglplhqwr= d, Vh fdofxor oq+[ [ ,/ frq [ hvwlpdgr lqlfldophqwh d sduwlu gho ju dfr [ yv1 w1 Frqylhqh ghvwlqdu xqd fhogd hvshfldo sdud [ / ho fxdo vhu d fdpeldgr vxfhvlydphqwh kdvwd kdoodu ho ghqlwlyr/ uhlwhudqgr hvwh sdvr | orv vljxlhqwhv1 e, Vh fruuhodflrqr olqhdophqwh od froxpqd grqgh vh fdofxo r oq+[ [ , frq od fruuhvsrqglhqwh do wlhpsr h{suhvdgr hq krudv1 Hvwr shuplwl r rewhqhu :8 od frqvwdqwh | ho frhflhqwh gh od uhfwd oq+[ [ , @ p w . q/ grqgh p hv ljxdo d n hq od hfxdfl rq +715,1 rupxod f, Vh fdofxor/ hq rwud froxpqd/ [* +w, phgldqwh od i h " h6 . [ @ [ * = g, Hq xqd whufhu froxpqd vh fdofxo r ho huuru sdud fdgd hvwlpdfl rq ph0 gldqwh od irupxod dev+[* [( ,@[( =433 @ ( (= h, Vh ghvwlqr xqd fhogd sdud ho f dofxor gho huuru surphglr/ uhdol}dgr ph0 gldqwh od irupxod= phgld+ == , @ " (> / grqgh Q vh uhhuh do q xphur wrwdo gh gdwrv1 i, Vh fdpelr [ hq od fhogd txh frqwlhqh vx ydoru lqlfldo/ uhslwlhqgrvh d frqwlqxdflrq orv sdvrv d, d h, kdvwd txh " ( wxyr vx pqlpr ydoru1 Od Iljxud 90: pxhvwud xqd sduwh gh od sodqlood gh f dofxor S441ZT4/ lq0 glfdqgrvh odv froxpqdv phqflrqdgdv | orv f dofxorv sdud hvh fdvr1 Rewhqlgr [ vh sxgr fdofxodu g[@gw @ p +[ [ , sdud fdgd xqd gh odv h{shulhqfldv/ lqwurgxflhqgrvh oxhjr hq od hfxdfl rq +714, sdud kdoodu u +[, | u( +[,1 Oxhjr vh wrpdurq odv h{shulhqfldv S | S txh fruuhvsrqghq d udgldfl rq fhur/ vh fdofxodurq orv surphglrv gh odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr/ vh lqwurgxmhurq odv yhorflgdghv gh dluh uhvshfwlydv | vh uhdol}durq orv fdofxorv gh S | S 1 Frq hvwr vh ghwhuplq r u +[, d sduwlu gh od vljxlhqwh h{suhvlrq= 4 p g[ 4 n+[ [ , @ @ > u +[, D gw S y dS y6933 grqgh d @ D@p vh wrp r ljxdo d 7> 7 p @nj1 Revhuyhvh txh sulphudphqwh vh lqwurgxmr od sulphud srwhqfld hq y sdud suredu od ydolgh} gh od i rupxod :9 gh Gdowrq1 Iljxud 90:= Ylvwd sdufldo gh od sodqlood gh f dofxor S441ZT4 sdud od hydoxdfl rq gh od h{shulhqfld S441 Gh od h{shulhqfld S uhvxow r txh 4@u +[, @ 6> ;4=43 7 +[ 4> 6,/ hq xql0 gdghv PNV1 Hq fdpelr/ gh S 4> 6,1 Frpr u vh rewxyr txh 4@u +[, @ 4> 98=43 7 +[ 9@ u / d frqwlqxdfl rq vh lqwurgxmr od yduldfl rq srwhqfldo frq od yhorflgdg/ h{ljlhqgrvh ho fxpsolplhqwr gh od uhodfl rq u d od ljxdogdg= 4@ Gh hvwd vh rewxyr= + @ u / txh oohyd n S y = n S y y n S , @ y n S sdud ghvshmdu qdophqwh / fx|r ydoru uhvxow r vhu ljxdo d 3> 7;6 |/ sru or wdqwr= frq 4> 6 ? [ ? 451 u +[, @ 437 p + , 4> 98+[ 4> 6, v , > +9=5, Uhdol}dgr hvwr/ vh rewxyr od ju dfd uhsuhvhqwdgd hq od Iljxud 90; sdud rq sdud S | 4@u yv1 [/ grqgh od fxuyd frqwlqxd pxhvwud od fruuhodfl S | orv sxqwrv shuwhqhfhq d orv uhdophqwh fdofxodgrv1 :: Iljxud 90;= Uhfsurfd gh od uhvlvwhqfld joredo lqwhuqd sdud ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruurq1 Lqwurgxflhqgr u +[, vh sxgr fdofxodu u( +[, hq edvh d orv gdwrv gh S / S / S | S / phgldqwh od h{suhvl rq= , 4 4 4 g[ S y @ + ,@ u( +[, L d gw u +[, 4 n+[ [ , @ ^ S y L d 6933 , +4> 98 43 7 +[ 4> 6,,`> +9=6, hq od txh orv gdwrv gh whpshudwxud ixhurq dolvdgrv phgldqwh ho f dofxor gh orv surphglrv1 Frpr do judfdu vh revhuy r txh qr h{lvwh fruuhodfl rq hqwuh 4@u( | [/ vdoyr sdud odv h{shulhqfldv fx|d yhorflgdg gho dluh hud gh 4 p@v +Iljxud 90<,/ vh wxyr hq fxhqwd txh hq ho prghor sxhgh lqwurgxfluvh xqd ixqfl rq srwhqfldo gh od yhorflgdg txh dihfwh ho whuplqr gh od udgldfl rq1 Hihfwlydphqwh/ frpr ho surgxfwr suhvhqwd xq duhd sdud od udgldfl rq txh qr frlqflgh frq ho duhd glvsrqleoh sdud od shuglgd gh pdvd ql frq od fruuhvsrqglhqwh do lqwhufdpelr frqyhfwlyr gh fdoru/ sru hvwdu hvwd x owlpd lqxhqfldgd sru od pdood gh od edqghmd grqgh vh dsr|d/ sxhgh kdfhuvh od :; Iljxud 90<= Fruuhodflrq sdud od ixqfl rq 4@u( +[, hq ho fdvr y @ 4 p@v | glv0 shuvlrq fxdqgr odv yhorflgdghv gho dluh vrq glvwlqwdv1 klsrwhvlv txh h{lvwh xq frhflhqwh gh L txh hv ixqfl rq gh od yhorflgdg/ gho wlsr y8 / prglfdqgrvh ho prghor gdgr sru od hfxdfl rq +914, vhj xq hvwd rwud= q@ +S S ,y y8 L p g[ @ . = D gw u +[, u( +9=7, Gh odv h{shulhqfldv S | S vh rewxyr od vljxlhqwh fruuhodfl rq sdud u( +[,/ ydolgd sdud wrgr sxhv y @ 4 p@v/ dsolfdqgr od uhodfl rq 916= u( +[, @ 437 p + ,8:9 > ;> 5<[ . 6> ;6 v +9=8, frq ho plvpr udqjr gh ydolgh} sdud [ txh ho dqwhulru1 Yroylhqgr d od h{shulhqfld S / fx|d yhorflgdg gho dluh hud gh 3> 5 p@v/ vh exvfr gh prgr txh 4@u( +[, fdofxodgr d sduwlu gh orv gdwrv ixhud px| sduhflgr do gdgr sru +918,1 Frq hvwh surfhglplhqwr vh rewxyr @ 3> 51 Frq ho fdofxor gh 4@u( +[, d sduwlu gh orv gdwrv gh od h{shulhqfld S | @ 3> 5 hq +917,/ vh frqup r od kls rwhvlv uhdol}dgd1 Hvwr vh revhuyd hq od Iljxud 9043/ txh pxhvwud vxshusxhvwdv odv uhodflrqhv kdoodgdv sdud :< 4@u( +[, d sduwlu gh orv gdwrv/ mxqwr frq od h{suhvl rq v , 4 @ 4 43 7 +;> 5<[ . 6> ;6,+ , = u( +[, p Iljxud 9043= Fruuhodflrq 4@u( +[, sdud ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq frq ud0 gldflrq/ phgldqwh ho djuhjdgr gho frhflhqwh y8 1 91: Vlpxodfl rq gho surfhvr Orv dufklyrv _VhfSlplm1zt4%/ lqfoxgrv hq ho glvtxhwh txh dfrpsd qd hvwh wudedmr sdud vhu ohgrv phgldqwh TSUR 614 r vxshulru/ pxhvwudq od vlpxodfl rq gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq phgldqwh od uhvroxfl rq gh od hfxdfl rq glihuhqfldo ruglqduld= g[ +S +W , S +W> W > S ,,y @ d^ gw u +[, , , y L . `> u( +[, [+w @ 3, @ [ hq od txh vh lqwurgxmr od yduldfl rq whpsrudo gh odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh/ frq u +[, | u( +[, gdgdv sru odv ljxdogdghv +915, | +918,/ uhvshfwlydphqwh1 ;3 Iljxud 9044= Frpsdudflrq gh fruulgdv gh vlpxodfl rq | gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv sdud ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq frq udgldfl rq1 ;4 Vh holjlr ho phwrgr gh Uxqjh~Nxwwd gh fxduwr rughq sdud oohydu d fder od uhvroxflrq/ orjudqgrvh xq dmxvwh hqwuh odv fxuydv wh rulfdv | h{shulphqwdohv frq xq huuru frpsuhqglgr hqwuh ho 4 ( | 6 (1 Od Iljxud 9044 pxhvwud/ vxshusxhvwdv/ odv fxuydv gh od vlpxodflrq | h{shulphqwdohv1 Ho remhwr gh od vlpxodflrq hv shuplwlu od yhulfdfl rq gh od dsolfdelolgdg gho prghor d orv plvprv hqvd|rv txh shuplwlhurq vx irupxodfl rq1 Hq od su r{lpd vhfflrq vh yhud od ydolgdflrq gho plvpr frq h{shulhqfldv gh fdpsr/ frq udgldfl rq | whpshudwxudv yduldeohv/ or txh frpsohwd vx frqdelolgdg1 91; Ydolgdfl rq frq h{shulhqfldv gh fdpsr Sdud uhdol}du od ydolgdfl rq gho prghor gh oderudwrulr/ vh uhdol}durq grv glvh qrv gh h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr do dluh oleuh/ edmr od dffl rq gh od udgldfl rq vrodu1 Hq dperv fdvrv vh frqvwux| r xq frohfwru gh dluh vhqfloor sdud fdohqwdu ho dluh dpelhqwh h lqwurgxfluor d od f dpdud gh vhfdgr1 Hvwd shuplwd ho lqjuhvr gh hqhujd vrodu vreuh od edqghmd gh surgxfwr/ uhhpsod} dqgrvh dv d od o dpsdud xvdgd hq ho oderudwrulr1 SH h4ih _ti ?L Sulphudphqwh vh wudvodgr ho plvpr htxlsr gh oderudwrulr/ gho txh vh vhsdu r od fdpdud gh vhfdgr | vh oh dqwhsxvr xqd pdqjd gh so dvwlfr frq xqd fkdsd rqgxodgd hq vx lqwhulru/ sdud frqvwuxlu xq htxlsr frohfwru~vhfdgru frpr vh pxhvwud hq odv irwrjudidv gh odv Iljxudv 9045/ 9046 | 90471 Hq ho w xqho gh dluh vh frorf r rwur yhqwlodgru sdud vrsodu gluhfwdphqwh vreuh od edqghmd gh vhfdgr/ orjudqgrvh xqd yhorflgdg gho dluh gh 4 p@v1 Frpr vh revhuyd hq od Iljxud 9046/ vh fxeul r od f dpdud gh vhfdgr phgldqwh xq sodvwlfr gh 483 plfurqhv gh hvshvru | wudwdplhqwr dqwl~XY | whuplfr/ gho plvpr wlsr txh vh hpsohd hq orv vhfdgruhv~lqyhuqdghurv gho LQWD Vdowd1 Od udgldflrq vrodu vh plglr ghedmr gh hvwh so dvwlfr | d od dowxud gh od edqghmd gh vhfdgr1 Frq hvwh htxlsr vh uhdol}durq wrpdv gh gdwrv gh shvr hq irupd pdqxdo | d lqwhuydorv uhjxoduhv/ ghelgr d txh ho ylhqwr dihfwded odv ohfwxudv gho vlvwhpd ;5 Iljxud 9045= Frohfwru dgdswdgr do vlvwhpd gh vhfdgr gh oderudwrulr1 ;6 Iljxud 9046= Fdpdud gh vhfdgr gh oderudwrulr dgdswdgd sdud ixqflrqdu do dluh oleuh1 ;7 dxwrpdwlfr gh phglflrq1 Odv h{shulhqfldv ghqrplqdgdv _D%/ _E% | _F% vh uhdol}durq hq hvwh htxlsr | od frpsdudflrq hqwuh orv uhvxowdgrv h{shulphqwdohv | vlpxodgrv vh ghvduuroodq d frqwlqxdflrq1 Iljxud 9047= Ylvwd vxshulru gho vlvwhpd frohfwru~f dpdud gh vhfdgr1 H{shulhqfld D Sdud hvwd h{shulhqfld orv gdwrv gh whpshudwxud | udgldfl rq vh pxhvwudq hq od Iljxud 9048 | ixhurq wrpdgrv hqwuh odv 43=63 | 53=33 krudv gh xq gd gh ;8 qrylhpeuh hq Vdowd1 Vh revhuyd txh ho flhor hvwxyr ghvshmdgr gxudqwh od pd qdqd | qxeodgr sru od wdugh1 Iljxud 9048= Udgldflrq vrodu | whpshudwxudv gxudqwh od h{shulhqfld D1 Orv gdwrv gh shvr/ h{suhvdgrv hq edvh vhfd/ mxqwr frq vx vlpxodfl rq sdud hvwh sulphu gd gh od h{shulhqfld/ vh pxhvwudq hq od Iljxud 9049/ txh uhyhod xq pd|ru dsduwdplhqwr gh od fxuyd vlpxodgd uhvshfwr gh orv gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv hq ho vhjxqgr whuflr gho wlhpsr wrwdo gho surfhvr1 Qr revwdqwh/ od phgld gho huuru srufhqwxdo fdofxodgr sxqwr d sxqwr uhvxow r vhu gho 7 (1 H{shulhqfld E Hvwd vhjxqgd h{shulhqfld vh uhdol} r do gd vljxlhqwh gh D/ frqwlqx dqgrvh ho surfhvr frq ho plvpr surgxfwr1 Od Iljxud 904: pxhvwud odv frqglflrqhv gh udgldflrq | whpshudwxudv/ mxqwr frq od fxuyd gh vhfdgr | vx vlpxodfl rq1 Vh revhuyd txh ho gd wdpelhq ixh fodur gxudqwh od wdugh |/ dxqtxh od fxuyd gh vlpxodflrq vh dsduwd pdv sduhmr gh orv gdwrv h{shulphqwdohv txh hq ho fdvr dqwhulru/ ho huuru surphglr ixh gho 9 (1 Dghp dv fdeh dfrwdu txh hq hvwh fdvr od vlpxodflrq vh pdqwlhqh sru hqflpd gh orv gdwrv1 ;9 Iljxud 9049= Gdwrv gh od h{shulhqfld D | vx vlpxodfl rq1 H{shulhqfld F Hvwd vh uhdol}r gxudqwh xq vror gd |/ do ljxdo txh D/ od udgldfl rq ixh exhqd gxudqwh od pd qdqd | ghvphmru r sru od wdugh/ frpr sxhgh yhuvh hq od Iljxud 90 4;1 Od pxhvwud gh slplhqwr whqd hq hvwd rfdvl rq xq frqwhqlgr lqlfldo gh djxd phqru txh ho xvdgr sdud D1 Hq hvwh fdvr ho huuru surphglr gh od vlpxodfl rq ixh gho 8 (1 Vh revhuyd/ do ljxdo txh hq odv Iljxudv 9049 | 904:/ txh od fxuyd gh vlpxodflrq sdvd gh hvwdu sru ghedmr gh orv gdwrv d vxshudu orv plvprv fxdqgr [ glvplqx|h1 SH2 5i}?_L _ti ?L Frq ho remhwr gh frqwdu frq xq htxlsr glihuhqwh do xvdgr hq ho oderudwrulr/ hvshfldophqwh hq or txh vh uhhuh d od f dpdud gh vhfdgr/ vh frqvwux| r xq frohfwru xq srfr pdv dqfkr txh ho dqwhulru | p dv odujr/ hq ho txh vh frorf r xqd pdood gh dodpeuh whmlgr frpr hohphqwr devruehgru1 Od f dpdud gh vhfdgr frqvlvwl r hq xqd fdmd gh pdghud gh 93 fp gh odujr sru 83 fp gh dqfkr/ frq sduhghv odwhudohv gh 45 fp gh dowr | vrsruwhv gh 7 fp gh dowr sdud od edqghmd1 Od Iljxud 904< pxhvwud xq hvtxhpd gh hvwh vlvwhpd frohfwru~vhfdgru vrodu/ mxqwr frq xqd irwrjudid/ grqgh vh revhuydq orv grv yhqwlodgruhv xvdgrv1 Od ;: yhorflgdg gho dluh d od dowxud gho surgxfwr hq od edqghmd vh pdqwxyr hq 3> 8 p@v1 Sxhgh revhuyduvh ho vroduphwur/ xelfdgr sru ghedmr gho so dvwlfr txh fxeuh od edqghmd1 Od odplqd gh doxplqlr fxeuh odv whuprfxsodv gh od udgldfl rq vrodu gluhfwd1 Frq hvwh htxlsr vh uhdol} r xqd h{shulhqfld gh vhfdgr gxudqwh grv gdv frq0 vhfxwlyrv/ kdelhqgrvh fdswdgr orv gdwrv fdgd flqfr plqxwrv1 H{shulhqfld G Od Iljxud 9053 pxhvwud odv yduldeohv phglgdv gxudqwh ho sulphu gd gho vhfdgr/ sdud ho txh od vlpxodfl rq wxyr xq huuru phglr gho ; (1 Sru vx sduwh/ od Iljxud 9054 suhvhqwd/ dghpdv/ odv phglflrqhv rewhqlgdv gxudqwh od qrfkh | ho gd vljxlhqwh/ mxqwr frq od vlpxodfl rq gh wrgr ho surfhvr1 Hq hvwh fdvr ho huuru surphglr wrwdo hv gho < (1 ;; Iljxud 904:= Frqglflrqhv gh od h{shulhqfld E | frpsdudfl rq gh orv gdwrv gh shvr frq vx vlpxodflrq1 ;< Iljxud 904;= Frqglflrqhv gh od h{shulhqfld F | fxuyd gh vhfdgr1 <3 93 fp 6> 63 p Iljxud 904<= Vhjxqgr glvh qr gh frohfwru~vhfdgru vrodu1 <4 Iljxud 9053= Sulphu gd gh vhfdgr vrodu hq ho vhjxqgr glvh qr gh frohfwru~vhfdgru vrodu= h{shulhqfld G1 <5 Iljxud 9054= Vhfdgr gxudqwh grv gdv | xqd qrfkh hq ho vhjxqgr glvh qr gh frohfwru~vhfdgru vrodu +h{shulhqfld G,1 <6 Fdswxor : VHFDGR GH SLPLHQWR ODUJR :14 Lqwurgxffl rq Do slplhqwr vh or frqrfh wdpelhq frq ho qrpeuh gh dm | kd vlgr xwlol}dgr hq Dphulfd ghvgh wlhpsrv suhklvw rulfrv/ frpr or dwhvwljxd ho kdood}jr gh iuxwrv vhfrv hq wxpedv lqgldv gh od frvwd gho Shu x1 Hq Vdowd/ xqd gh odv ydulhgdghv qr qhfhvduldphqwh slfdqwh txh vh srqh d vhfdu hv ghqrplqdgd frp xqphqwh _Wurpsd gh Hohidqwh%/ sru vx irupd dodujdgd wslfd1 Od jxud :04 pxhvwud xqd irwrjudid gh hvwh dm/ do fxdo vh kdu d uhihuhqfld frq od ghqrplqdflrq _slplhqwr odujr%1 Orv iuxwrv vh srqhq d vhfdu | vh hpsohdq ghvsxhv sdud vx prolhqgd d qlyho lqgxvwuldo1 Ho h{shqglr vh uhdol}d/ hq ho phufdgr frqvxplgru plqrulvwd/ hq suh0 vhqwdflrqhv txh d yhfhv frqwlhqhq glvwlqwdv ph}fodv | ydq hqydvdgdv hq erovlwdv gh sdsho wudqvsduhqwh1 H{lvwh od srvlelolgdg gh rewhqhu orv dfhlwhv hvhqfldohv sru h{wudffl rq ph0 gldqwh duudvwuh frq ydsru/ shur hvwh surfhglplhqwr qr hvw d glixqglgr hq ho sdv1 Orv slplhqwrv vxdyhv/ d yhfhv oodpdgrv slplhqwrv gxofhv/ vxhohq vhu iuxwrv judqghv/ gh 45 d 48 fp gh orqjlwxg |/ frq suhihuhqfld/ vh frphq fxdqgr d xq hvwdq yhughv1 Wdpelhq vh frqvxphq frflgrv/ dvdgrv r fuxgrv hq hqvdodgdv1 Orv slplhqwrv slfdqwhv vrq surgxflgrv sru ho Fdsvlfxp iuxwhvfhqv/ judfldv do sulqflslr slfdqwh txh vh hqfxhqwud hq od slho | vhploodv1 <7 Iljxud :04= Irwrjudid gh slplhqwrv odujrv1 :15 H{shulhqfldv uhdol}dgdv Hq hvwh wudedmr vh ghflglr uhdol}du od e xvtxhgd gho prghor gh vhfdgr sdud od ydulhgdg gh slplhqwr odujr sru fxdqwr xqd h{shulhqfld gh oderudwrulr prvwu r txh vx vhfdgr vh uhdol}d frq xqd flqhwlfd glihuhqwh d od gho slplhqwr pruu rq1 Hoor vh gheh d txh dperv glhuhq hq vx hvshvru/ sru or txh ho slplhqwr odujr vh vhfd hq phqru wlhpsr edmr frqglflrqhv vlploduhv1 Glfkd h{shulhqfld vh uhdol} r edmr xqd udgldflrq gh 4333 Z@p | xqd yhorflgdg gho dluh gh 3> : p@v | vh ghqrplqr _Hohi4%1 Od Iljxud :05 pxhvwud od fxuyd gh vhfdgr txh vh rewxyr/ hylghqfldqgr odv glihuhqfldv doxglgdv dqwhv1 Ho frqmxqwr gh orv gdwrv gh odv h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr uhdol}dgdv frq sl0 plhqwr odujr vh hqfxhqwud hq ho Dshqglfh H | dedufd orv wuhv juxsrv vljxlhqwhv= Juxsr L= H{shulhqfldv suholplqduhv sdud od revhuydfl rq frpsdudwlyd gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr vrodu hq fdpsr/ sdud vxjhulu od hohffl rq gh od prgdolgdg edmr fxelhuwd | sduwlgr frpr irupd gh vhfdgr p dv frqyhqlhqwh1 <8 Iljxud :05= Glihuhqfldv hq ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq | odujr1 Juxsr LL= H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr hq oderudwrulr1 Juxsr LLL= H{shulhqfldv gh ydolgdfl rq uhdol}dgdv do dluh oleuh sru phglr gh od hqhujd vrodu1 D frqwlqxdflrq vh suhvhqwdq orv uhvxowdgrv gh hvwdv h{shulhqfldv/ mxqwr frq orv gdwrv/ judfrv | frqfoxvlrqhv rewhqlgdv/ ho ghvduuroor gho prghor | vx ydolgdfl rq1 :16 Juxsr L Vh uhdol}r ho vhfdgr vrodu gh slplhqwr odujr gh wuhv pdqhudv glihuhqwhv= d, vreuh slvr gh fhphqwr/ sdud vlpxodu ho vhfdgr wudglflrqdo hq fdqfkdv> e, vreuh edqghmd dohmdgd gho slvr frorfdgd vreuh xqd sduulood> | f, edmr fxelhuwd so dvwlfd1 Odv irwrjudidv gh odv Iljxudv :06/ :07 | :08 pxhvwudq odv wuhv srvlelolgdghv gh vhfdgr h{shulphqwdgdv1 Ho frohfwru~vhfdgru h{shulphqwdo frqvlvwh hq xqd fdmd gh pdghud/ frq vrsruwhv gh pdghud sdud dsr|du od edqghmd | xqd fxelhuwd gh sodvwlfr frorfdgd d grv djxdv/ frq rulhqwdfl rq Qruwh~Vxu/ | srvlelolgdg gh xmr gh dluh sru flufxodflrq qdwxudo gh ylhqwrv hq hvd gluhffl rq1 Hq odv Iljxudv :06 | :07 vh revhuydq grv juxsrv gh iuxwrv= xqrv hvw dq hqwhurv | rwurv slqfkdgrv r frq fruwhv hq vx slho1 Hq od Iljxud :08 vh hqfxhqwud xq <9 Iljxud :06= Irwrjudid gh slplhqwrv odujrv sxhvwrv d vhfdu hq ho slvr1 whufhu juxsr gh slplhqwrv sduwlgrv sru od plwdg/ frq xq vror fruwh orqjlwxglqdo1 Hvwdv h{shulhqfldv ixhurq uhdol}dgdv vlpxow dqhdphqwh gxudqwh xq gd fodur gh glflhpeuh/ hq Vdowd/ | odv frqglflrqhv gh udgldfl rq | whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr vh pxhvwudq hq od Iljxud :091 Od udgldflrq ixh wrpdgd vreuh vxshuflh krul}rqwdo/ vlq fxelhuwd so dvwlfd/ | odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr fruuhvsrqgdq do phglr dpelhqwh1 Ho ylhqwr wxyr yhorflgdghv edmdv/ fhufdqdv d orv 3> 5 p@v1 Sdud srghu uhdol}du xqd revhuydfl rq frpsdudwlyd gho surjuhvr gh orv shvrv uhvshfwlyrv/ vh suhvhqwdq orv ju dfrv gh od hyroxfl rq srufhqwxdo gho shvr gh fdgd pxhvwud uhihulgr do shvr lqlfldo uhvshfwlyr1 Hvwr vh revhuyd hq od Iljxud :0:/ grqgh vh hqfxhqwudq odv wuhv ju dfdv txh vh fruuhvsrqghq frq odv uhvshfwlydv Irwrjudidv gh odv Iljxudv :06/ :07 | :081 Frpsdudwlydphqwh/ od irupd p dv u dslgd gh vhfdu ho slplhqwr odujr fruuhv0 srqgh d od uhdol}dgd edmr fxelhuwd | sduwlgr1 Od Iljxud :0; pxhvwud od hyroxfl rq frpsdudwlyd gho shvr srufhqwxdo sdud ho <: Iljxud :07= Irwrjudid gh slplhqwrv sxhvwrv d vhfdu hq xqd sduulood/ dohmdgrv gho slvr1 vhfdgr vrodu gh slplhqwr odujr hqwhur r slqfkdgr/ hq orv wuhv wlsrv gh vhfdghurv vhqfloorv txh vh suredurq1 Frpr frqfoxvlrq/ hv dfrqvhmdeoh ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr sduwlgr | fror0 fdgr edmr fxelhuwd1 Gxudqwh odv sulphudv krudv gho surfhvr vh revhuy r txh/ hq jhqhudo/ ho slplhqwr hqwhur vh wudqvirupd hq xqd _erovd lpshuphdeoh% oohqd gh otxlgr | vx shvr qr fdpeld ghpdvldgr1 Hvwr qr vxfhgh frq odv rwudv grv sr0 vlelolgdghv1 Dghpdv/ od dffl rq gh lqvhfwrv +prvfdv/ sru hmhpsor, hv lqphgldwd | qr wlhqh lpshglphqwr dojxqr fxdqgr qr vh surwhjh ho surgxfwr1 Or plvpr rfxuuh frq ho sroyr dwprvihulfr txh vh ghsrvlwd frq idflolgdg1 Vh holjlr od irupd sduwlgd hq hvwh hvwxglr ~do ljxdo txh hq ho fdvr gho sl0 plhqwr pruurq~/ srutxh od fdswdfl rq gh orv gdwrv gh vhfdgr hq ho oderudwrulr vh uhdol}d hq douhghgru gh grfh krudv/ idflolwdqgr od wduhd h{shulphqwdo edmr frqwuro gho rshudgru1 Hvwr vh pxhvwud gh pdqhud horfxhqwh hq od Iljxud :0</ fruuhvsrqglhqwh do vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr ~sduwlgr | hqwhur~ uhdol}dgr hq ho <; Iljxud :08= Irwrjudid gho frohfwru vhqfloor frq slplhqwrv odujrv sxhvwrv d vhfdu1 oderudwrulr/ edmr lghqwlfdv frqglflrqhv gh udgldfl rq | xqd whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr pd|ru sdud ho slplhqwr hqwhur1 :17 Juxsr LL Odv h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr hq oderudwrulr ixhurq uhdol}dgdv/ do ljxdo txh sdud ho fdvr gho slplhqwr pruu rq/ edmr frqglflrqhv frqvwdqwhv gh udgldfl rq/ whpshudwxudv | yhorflgdg gho dluh1 << Iljxud :09= Udgldflrq vrodu | whpshudwxudv gxudqwh od h{shulhqfld gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr hq glvwlqwdv prgdolgdghv1 Ho phwrgr h{shulphqwdo ixh ho vljxlhqwh= vh rewxyr xqd sduwlgd gh slplhqwrv odujrv gh od Hvwdflrq H{shulphqwdo gho LQWD +Lqvwlwxwr Qdflrqdo gh Whfqrorjd Djurshfxduld, gh Vdowd/ hq xqd fdqwlgdg dsur{lpdgd gh 5 nj/ d sduwlu gh od fxdo vh uhdol}durq wrgdv odv h{shulhqfldv hq irupd vhfxhqfldo1 Odv pxhvwudv d vhfdu vh wrpdurq hq fdqwlgdghv txh rvflodurq hqwuh flqfr | rfkr hmhpsoduhv/ frq shvrv hq iuhvfr gh douhghgru gh 633 j1 Oxhjr gh sduwluorv orqjlwxglqdophqwh/ vh ohv holplqr ho wdoor yhugh txh orv xqh d od sodqwd | vh orv frorf r dsr|dgrv vreuh od slho/ fxeulhqgr wrgd od edqghmd gh od f dpdud gh vhfdgr1 .e L_i*L _i tiU@_L Hq irupd vlplodu d or uhdol}dgr sdud hq ho fdswxor dqwhulru sdud ho slplhqwr pruurq/ ho prghor gh vhfdgr vh ghvduuroo r d wudyhv gh od e xvtxhgd gh odv ixq0 flrqhv u +[, | u( +[, gh od hfxdfl rq +917,= p g[ +S S ,y @ q@ D gw u +[, , , y L . = u( +[, +:=4, Wrgdv odv h{shulhqfldv frq slplhqwr odujr vh uhdol}durq pdqwhqlhqgr od yhorfl0 gdg gho dluh hq 3> : p@v1 433 Iljxud :0:= Vhfdgr vrodu gh slplhqwr odujr edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv1 434 Sdud hqfrqwudu u vh uhdol}durq odv h{shulhqfldv ghqrplqdgdv _Hohi5% | _Hohi6%/ vlq udgldflrq/ d odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr gh 74 | 85 F/ uhv0 shfwlydphqwh1 Hq fdpelr/ sdud kdoodu u( vh surfhvdurq orv gdwrv gh grv h{0 shulhqfldv edmr udgldflrq= _Hohi7% +frq L @ <83 Z@p | xqd whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr W @ 88 F, | _Hohi8% +L @ 779 Z@p / W @ 7: F,1 Hq fdgd fdvr vh plglr | fdofxor od uhodflrq D@p / txh hvwxyr frpsuhqglgd hqwuh :> 5 p @nj | ;> 4 p @nj 1 Iljxud :0;= Judfdv frpsdudwlydv sdud slplhqwrv hqwhurv r slqfkdgrv1 Orv uhvxowdgrv rewhqlgrv ixhurq= u ; ! +[, @ 437 p + , 4> 77[ . 3> 4; v , > +iUih_iti ^i T@h@ i* U@tL _i* T4i?|L 4Lhh L? i* ThL4i_L ih@ _i ec e 6 < *&} 435 +:=5, Iljxud :0<= Frpsdudflrq gho vhfdgr sdud slplhqwr sduwlgr | hqwhur1 | u( ; ! 43 p , +[, @ + , > 4> 46[ 3> 77 v +:=6, frq 3> 49 ? [ ? 431 Reyldphqwh/ od ghqrplqdfl rq _hohi% kdfh uhihuhqfld do fdvr gh slplhqwrv odujrv1 .e2 54*@U L? _i* ThLUitL Od vlpxodflrq gho vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv odujrv uhdol}dgr hq ho oderudwrulr/ frq ho remhwr gh ydorudu ho prghor/ vh hihfwx r qr vrodphqwh sdud orv surfhvrv txh shuplwlhurq fdofxodu u | u( / vlqr sdud rwudv grv txh vh ghqrplqdurq _Hohi4% | _Hohi9%/ txh qr lqwhuylqlhurq hq glfkrv f dofxorv1 Od Iljxud :043 pxhvwud orv gdwrv gh od h{shulhqfldv _Hohi4% d _Hohi9% | odv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv fxuydv gh vhfdgr vlpxodgdv1 436 Iljxud :043= Vlpxodflrq gho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv1 437 :18 Juxsr LLL= Ydolgdfl rq gho prghor Vh uhdol}durq fxdwur h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr hq fdpsr/ frq ho remhwr gh ydolgdu ho prghor ghvduuroodgr sdud ho slplhqwr odujr d wudyhv gh od yhulfdfl rq gho plvpr frq od vlpxodflrq gh surfhvrv do dluh oleuh | edmr udgldfl rq vrodu1 Glfkrv surfhvrv uhflelhurq orv qrpeuhv _Vlpl%/ frq l @ 4 d 7/ | orv wuhv sulphurv ixhurq uhdol}dgrv hq ho vhjxqgr glvh qr gh frohfwru~vhfdgru ghvfulswr hq od vhfflrq 91;15/ plhqwudv txh _Vlp7% vh uhdol} r edmr fxelhuwd/ vlq ho frohfwru/ frq phglflrq gh udgldflrq | whpshudwxudv ghedmr gho so dvwlfr1 .D , Tihi?U@ 54 Od fdudfwhuvwlfd sduwlfxodu sdud hvwh surfhvr ixh txh od fdswdfl rq gh orv gdwrv gh udgldflrq | whpshudwxudv vh uhdol} r d lqwhuydorv gh xq plqxwr1 Od phglflrq gh shvrv vh uhdol}r d lqwhuydorv uhjxoduhv gh xqd krud1 Od Iljxud :044 pxhvwud hq grv ju dfrv orv gdwrv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv d odv yduldeohv udgldflrq | whpshudwxudv | od vlpxodfl rq1 Ho gd ixh fodur/ sru or txh vh revhuyd txh od udgldfl rq fd| r hq px| srfdv rsruwxqlgdghv1 H{lvwh xq wudpr uhfwr hq odv fxuydv ghelgr d txh vh lqwhusrodurq orv gdwrv sru kdehuvh lqwhuuxpslgr od wrpd gh gdwrv1 Gdgr txh ho frqwhqlgr gh djxd hq edvh vhfd dofdq} r ydoruhv px| shtxh qrv/ qr vh fdofxor ho huuru uhodwlyr1 Hq vx oxjdu vh ghwhuplq r ho huuru devroxwr/ oohjdqgrvh do ydoru gh 3> 4 nj@nj hq surphglr1 .D2 , Tihi?U@t 542 ) 54 Hvwdv h{shulhqfldv vh uhdol}durq vlpxow dqhdphqwh/ vhsdudqgr hq od plvpd edqghmd xqd sduwh gh slplhqwr txh uhflel r udgldfl rq edmr fxelhuwd hq irupd gluhfwd +Vlp5,/ gh rwud txh vror uhflel r udgldfl rq glixvd +Vlp6,/ ghelgr d txh vh fxeulr vx sduwh rfxsdgd gho vhfdghur frq xqd o dplqd gh fduw rq vlq orjuduvh ho rvfxuhflplhqwr wrwdo1 Ho lqwhuydor gh fdswdfl rq gh odv whpshudwxudv | udgldfl rq ixh gh 8 plq/ plhqwudv txh orv shvrv vh plglhurq gh pdqhud p dv luuhjxodu hq lqwhuydorv gh kdvwd grv krudv1 Odv fxuydv gh hvwrv gdwrv vh judfdurq hq od sulphu judfd gh od Iljxud :0451 Vh revhuyd txh ho gd hvwxyr qxeodgr sru 438 Iljxud :044= Judfdv gho vhfdgr hq fdpsr sdud od h{shulhqfld Vlp41 fxdqwr odv yduldflrqhv gh whpshudwxud dfrpsd qdq d odv gh udgldfl rq1 Gdgr txh vror vh plglr od udgldfl rq wrwdo/ od vlpxodfl rq vh sxgr uhdol}du hq sulqflslr sdud od h{shulhqfld Vlp5/ frpr vh pxhvwud hq od vhjxqgd ju dfd gh od Iljxud :045/ frq xq dsduwdplhqwr surphglr gh odv fxuydv gh 3> 4 nj@nj/ vlplodu do gh Vlp41 Od Iljxud :046 pxhvwud hq irupd frqmxqwd od hyroxfl rq whpsrudo gh orv frqwhqlgrv gh djxd uhodwlyrv srufhqwxdohv gh orv slplhqwrv vrphwlgr d xqd frqglflrq | rwud gh udgldflrq/ frq lqglfdfl rq gh xqd glihuhqfld gh kdvwd fxdwur krudv sdud oohjdu do 43 ( gho ydoru lqlfldo1 Wdpelhq lqwhuhvd phqflrqdu dtx od glihuhqfld h{lvwhqwh hqwuh orv frqwhqlgrv lqlfldohv gh djxd sdud orv slplhqwrv gh xqd | rwud pxhvwud +3> 8 nj@nj,/ or txh vljqlfd xqd glvfuhsdqfld uhodwlyd gh 439 Iljxud :045= Judfdv gho vhfdgr hq fdpsr sdud od h{shulhqfld Vlp51 douhghgru gho 46 ( dxq fxdqgr odv grv suryhqdq gh od plvpd sduwlgd1 Do uhdol}du od vlpxodflrq gh Vlp6 frq ho gdwr gh udgldfl rq ljxdo d fhur/ ho uhvxowdgr ixh txh od fxuyd gh vhfdgr fdofxodgd hvwded px| sru duuled gh od uhdo1 Vh orjur xq dfhufdplhqwr ud}rqdeoh hqwuh dpedv do uhdol}du od vlpxodfl rq uhhpsod}dqgr ho gdwr gh udgldfl rq sru ho 73 ( gho fruuhvsrqglhqwh do ydoru phglgr sdud Vlp51 Hvwr vh pxhvwud hq od Iljxud :0471 .D , Tihi?U@ 54e Ho remhwlyr gh hvwd h{shulhqfld ixh od gh revhuydu od uhvsxhvwd gho surfhvr fxdqgr ho dluh qr hv suhfdohqwdgr phgldqwh xq frohfwru | hv ixqgdphqwdophqwh 43: Iljxud :046= Glihuhqfldv hq ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr edmr udgldfl rq vrodu | d od vrpeud1 od udgldflrq vrodu od yduldeoh uhvsrqvdeoh gh orv pd|ruhv fdpelrv hq ho shvr gho surgxfwr1 Odv yduldeohv phglgdv | odv fxuydv gh vhfdgr vh pxhvwudq hq od Iljxud :048/ frq xqd glvfuhsdqfld gh 3> 5 nj@nj hqwuh od fxuyd vlpxodgd | od phglgd1 43; Iljxud :047= Judfdv gho vhfdgr hq fdpsr sdud od h{shulhqfld Vlp61 43< Iljxud :048= Judfdv gho vhfdgr hq fdpsr sdud od h{shulhqfld Vlp71 443 Fdswxor ; DQDOLVLV GH VHQVLELOLGDG ;14 Lqwurgxffl rq Vh uhdol}d od vlpxodflrq sru frpsxwdgrud gho surfhvr gh vhfdgr frq ud0 gldflrq gh odv grv ydulhgdghv gh slplhqwr fx|rv prghorv ixhurq ghvduuroodgrv hq hvwh wudedmr1 Vh rewlhqh ju dfdphqwh ho frpsruwdplhqwr txh vh hvshud gh orv surgxfwrv/ fxdqgr vrq vrphwlgrv d vhfdgr edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv gh whpshudwxud/ yhorflgdg gho dluh | udgldfl rq1 Glfkr frpsruwdplhqwr vh revhuyd d wudyhv gh odv fxuydv gh vhfdgr | od frpsdudfl rq gh orv wlhpsrv gh surfhvr hq fdgd fdvr1 Hvwr shuplwh h{wudhu frqfoxvlrqhv vlq qhfhvlgdg gh uhdol}du odv h{shulhqfldv1 Vh frpsdudq wdpelhq orv surfhvrv edmr grv frqglflrqhv h{wuhpdv= xqd vlq udgldflrq | edmd whpshudwxud +L @ 3 Z@p / W @ 68 F,> | od rwud frq dowd udgldflrq | dowd whpshudwxud +L @ 4333 Z@p / W @ 88 F,1 Hq orv grv fdvrv vh pdqwlhqh od yhorflgdg gho dluh hq xq ydoru phglr +y @ 3> 8~3> : p@v,1 Od frpsdudflrq gh odv uhvlvwhqfldv joredohv shuplwh revhuydu ho glvwlqwr judgr gh glfxowdg txh riuhfhq glfkrv yhjhwdohv sdud od ghvklgudwdfl rq1 Orv judfrv fruuhvsrqghq d od hyroxfl rq srufhqwxdo gh shvr gho surgxfwr hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr +433 S@S yv1 w,/ sdud xq p d{lpr gh 63 krudv gh surfhvr1 Vh wrpd od uhgxfflrq gho shvr kdvwd ho 53 ( gho lqlfldo frpr uhihuhqfld sdud od frpsdudflrq gh orv wlhpsrv uhvshfwlyrv1 444 ;15 Surfhglplhqwr gh f dofxor Ho surfhglplhqwr frpsxwdflrqdo txh vh hpsoh r sdud vlpxodu ho surfhvr/ ydolgr sdud ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv pruurqhv | odujrv/ ixh uhdol}dgr hq TSUR 6141 Hq xqd krmd gh f dofxor vh dvljqdq fhogdv d odv yduldeohv yhorflgdg gho dluh +y,/ whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr +W , | k xphgr +W ,/ udgldfl rq +L,/ frqwhqlgr lqlfldo gh djxd gho surgxfwr +[ ,/ uhodflrqhv duhd~shvr +d @ D@p , | shvr lqlfldo~vhfr +p @p , h lqwhuydor gh wlhpsr +w,1 Hq wrgrv orv fdvrv vh wrp r sdud hvwh x owlpr ho ydoru gh flqfr plqxwrv1 Od froxpqd D frqwlhqh ho wlhpsr gh f dofxor d sduwlu gh 3 | kdvwd odv 63 krudv1 Oxhjr/ hq E/ vh fdofxod ho shvr d sduwlu gh 433/ phgldqwh od uhodfl rq frq [ txh vh hvshud sdud ho yhjhwdo/ hv ghflu= p ( @ 433@+p @p ,+[ . 4,= Od froxpqd F frqwlhqh ho fdofxor gh od suhvl rq gh ydsru gh vdwxudfl rq S / gdgd sru od hfxdflrq gh Dqwrlqh ^57`/ | hq od G vh fdofxod od suhvl rq gh ydsru gho xq Ihuuho ^9`1 Dpedv shuplwhq fdofxodu od glihuhqfld gh suhvl rq gh dluh S / vhj ydsru S hq od vljxlhqwh froxpqd1 Vh ghwhuplqdq orv frhflhqwhv n / n / n | n gh od i rupxod gh Uxqjh~Nxwwd sdud uhvroyhu od hfxdflrq glihuhqfldo gho surfhvr +grqgh vh hqfxhqwudq u +[,/ u( +[,/ L/ y/ d | S ,> | vh h{suhvd ho ydoru uhvxowdqwh gh [/ sdud fdgd wlhpsr w/ d sduwlu gh [ txh duudqfd hq w @ 31 Hvwh ydoru gh [ vh xvd hqwrqfhv sdud ho fdofxor gh p (1 Fdpeldqgr orv sdudphwurv L/ W | W | y vh rewlhqhq glvwlqwrv uhvxowdgrv hq od froxpqd E | vh frsldq hq rwudv wdqwdv froxpqdv frpr hqvd|rv glihuhqwhv vh vlpxodq1 Hq hvwh fdvr vrq qxhyh odv frpelqdflrqhv gh sdu dphwurv ghvduuroodgdv/ txh oxhjr vh yxhofdq hq frqmxqwrv gh fxdwur ju dfrv/ sdud fdgd yhjhwdo hq sduwlfxodu1 Glfkdv jxudv ixhurq uhdol}dgdv sdud orv vljxlhqwhv fdvrv= Udgldflrq yduldeoh +3/ 833 | 4333 Z@p , | yhorflgdg gho dluh | whpshud0 wxudv frqvwdqwhv1 445 Whpshudwxudv yduldeohv +68/ 78 | 88 F sdud ho exoer vhfr | 53/ 66 | 63 F/ uhvshfwlydphqwh/ sdud ho exoer k xphgr,/ frq ho uhvwr gh frqglflrqhv frqvwdqwhv Yhorflgdghv gho dluh yduldeohv +3> 5/ 3> 8 | 4 p@v, frq whpshudwxudv | udgldflrq frqvwdqwhv Frqglflrqhv h{wuhpdv gh udgldfl rq/ whpshudwxudv | yhorflgdghv/ txh frq0 gxfhq d grv fxuydv hqwuh odv fxdohv hvw dq frpsuhqglgdv wrgdv odv srvlel0 olgdghv dqwhulruhv1 ;16 Vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq Od vlpxodflrq gho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq vh uhdol} r frq orv vljxlhqwhv gdwrv sduwlfxoduhv= p @p @ 45> 5/ [ @ 44> 5 nj@nj | d @ 7> 7 p @nj1 Od Iljxud ;04 pxhvwud orv fxdwur ju dfrv txh shuplwhq frqfoxlu or vljxlhqwh= d, Ho wlhpsr gh vhfdgr glvplqx|h hq p dv gh 53 krudv vl od udgldfl rq vh lqfuhphqwd gh 3 d 833 Z@p 1 Vlq hpedujr/ vh dkruudq v ror vhlv krudv gh surfhvr do sdvdu gh 833 d 4333 Z@p 1 Hv ghflu txh xq shtxh qr dsruwh gh udgldflrq hv pdv hflhqwh sdud surgxflu od glvplqxfl rq gho wlhpsr gh vhfdgr/ hq uhodflrq do surfhvr vlq udgldfl rq/ txh ho plvpr dsruwh fxdqgr ho surfhvr vh uhdol}d frq xq ydoru phglr gh udgldfl rq1 Glfkr gh rwud irupd/ | hq whuplqrv fxdqwlwdwlyrv/ dxqtxh hq sulqflslr sru fdgd lqfuhphqwr gh 73 Z@p hv srvleoh jdqdu xqd krud hq ho surfhvr/ d sduwlu gh orv 833 Z@p hv qhfhvdulr gxsolfdu od lqwhqvlgdg gh udgldfl rq +kdvwd p dv gh ;3 Z@p hq surphglr, sru fdgd krud txh vh dkruud hq od gxudfl rq gho vhfdgr1 e, Hq whpshudwxud/ ho hihfwr hv frqwudulr= shtxh qrv dxphqwrv d sduwlu gh xqd whpshudwxud gh 68 F surgxfhq xqd edmd uhgxffl rq hq ho wlhpsr gh vhfdgr/ plhqwudv txh orv plvprv dxphqwrv d sduwlu gh xqd whpshudwxud pd|ru +78 F, vrq pdv hflhqwhv sdud uhgxflu ho wlhpsr gh gxudfl rq gho surfhvr1 Hvwr vh h{solfd revhuydqgr od lqxhqfld h{srqhqfldo txh wlhqh od whpshud0 wxud d wudyhv gho ghflw gh suhvl rq gh ydsru S 1 f, Lqfuhphqwdqgr od yhorflgdg gho dluh/ odv fxuydv pxhvwudq txh ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr wlhqgh d vhu fdgd yh} phqrv hflhqwh sdud orjudu od glvplqxfl rq gho 446 Iljxud ;04= Vlpxodflrq gho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq edmr glvwlqwdv frqglflr0 qhv1 wlhpsr gh gxudflrq1 Sdvdqgr gh 3> 5 d 3> 8 p@v +y @ 3> 6 p@v, od qdol}dfl rq gho surfhvr vh dqwlflsd hq fxdwur krudv1 Hq fdpelr/ gh 3> 8 d 4 p@v +y @ 3> 8 p@v, od glvplqxflrq gho wlhpsr hv gh vror wuhv krudv1 g, Hq whuplqrv jhqhudohv/ vl vh vhfd slplhqwr pruu rq edmr xqd udgldfl rq gh 4333 Z@p / xqd whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr gh 88 F +W @ 63 F, | xqd yhorflgdg gho dluh gh 4 p@v> ho surfhvr qdol}d hq v ror vlhwh krudv1 Hvwd suhglfflrq vh yhulf r hihfwlydphqwh hq ho oderudwrulr/ frq xq pdujhq gh huuru gh xqd krud | phgld/ frpr or pxhvwud od Iljxud ;051 Hq hvwd/ dghp dv/ vh fdofxodurq od glihuhqfld srufhqwxdo hqwuh odv duhdv edmr odv fxuydv h{shulphqwdo | vlpxodgd +gdgd sru ho 9 (, | hqwuh ho srufhqwdmh 53 | ho uhpdqhqwh gh djxd do fder gh odv rfkr krudv gh surfhvr +8> 6 (,1 447 Iljxud ;05= Vlpxodflrq | fxuyd h{shulphqwdo gho vhfdgr gh slplhqwr pruu rq edmr frqglflrqhv gh dowd udgldfl rq/ whpshudwxud | yhorflgdg gho dluh1 ;17 Vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr Ho hvwxglr gh vhqvlelolgdg sdud hvwh fdvr vh hihfwx r frq orv vljxlhqwhv gdwrv sduwlfxoduhv= p @p @ 44/ [ @ 43 nj@nj/ d @ : p @nj | y @ 3> : p@v1 Od Iljxud ;06 pxhvwud orv ju dfrv gh odv fruulgdv gh vlpxodfl rq txh shuplwhq frqfoxlu or vljxlhqwh= d, Ho wlhpsr gh vhfdgr vlq udgldfl rq sdud orjudu xqd shuglgd gh shvr gho ;3 ( hv gh douhghgru gh grfh krudv/ fxdqgr vh vrphwh do surgxfwr d 78 F gh whpshudwxud gh exoer vhfr/ 66 F gh exoer k xphgr | xqd yhorflgdg gho dluh gh 3/: p2v1 Od glvplqxflrq gh hvwh wlhpsr hv gh fxdwur krudv do lqflglu xqd udgldflrq frqvwdqwh gh 833 Z@p 1 Ho wlhpsr wrwdo gh surfhvr vh uhgxfh d vhlv krudv do sdvdu gh 833 d 4333 Z@p 1 Fxdolwdwlydphqwh ho hihfwr hv vlplodu d or h{suhvdgr sdud ho fdvr gh slplhqwrv pruurqhv1 Hq whuplqrv fxdqwlwdwlyrv/ sdud ho slplhqwr odujr vrq qhfhvdulrv lqfuhphqwrv gh pdv gh 433 Z@p hq od udgldfl rq sdud jdqdu xqd krud hq ho surfhvr frq udgldflrq frqvwdqwh/ fxdqgr vh or frpsdud frq ho vhfdgr d rvfxudv1 D sduwlu gh orv 833 Z@p glfkr dxphqwr gh udgldfl rq wlhqh txh vhu gh 583 Z@p sru fdgd krud gh glvplqxflrq gh od gxudfl rq gho vhfdgr1 Frpsdudwlydphqwh/ qr revwdqwh/ ho vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv odujrv uhtxlhuh gh 448 Iljxud ;06= Fxuydv gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwr odujr/ rewhqlgdv sru vlpxodfl rq hq frpsxwdgrud/ sdud glvwlqwdv frqglflrqhv1 phqrv hqhujd txh ho fruuhvsrqglhqwh d pruurqhv/ ghelgr do phqru hvshvru gho surgxfwr/ frpr vh dfrwr dqwhv1 e, Hq whpshudwxud/ ho hihfwr wdpelhq hv fxdolwdwlydphqwh vlplodu do revhu0 ydgr sdud pruurqhv/ frq xqd dsuhfldeoh glvplqxfl rq hq od gxudfl rq gho surfhvr1 f, Ho judfr gh vhqvlelolgdg gh orv wlhpsrv gh vhfdgr frq od yhorflgdg gh dluh hv dqdorjr d or revhuydgr sdud pruurqhv1 g, Vh revhuyd txh ho slplhqwr odujr srgud oohjdu d vhfduvh hq srfdv krudv edmr xqd udgldflrq frqvwdqwh gh 4333 Z@p 1 ;18 Frpsdudfl rq gh odv uhvlvwhqfldv do vhfdgr Revhuydqgr od h{suhvlrq jhqhudo gho prghor gh od flqhwlfd gh vhfdgr frq udgldflrq/ q@ p g[ 4 g[ y y8 L @ @ +S S , . > D gw d gw u u( 449 ho frpsruwdplhqwr gho vhfdgr gh orv glvwlqwrv yhjhwdohv/ hq ljxdogdg gh frqgl0 flrqhv gh whpshudwxudv | udgldfl rq/ sxhgh frpsduduvh d wudyhv gh orv whuplqrv txh lqx|hq hq g[@gw/ hv ghflu odv vljxlhqwhv uhvlvwhqfldv joredohv txh lqfox|hq odv uhvlvwhqfldv u | u( = U +[, @ u +[, dy | U( +[, @ u( +[, = dy8 Iljxud ;07= Ju dfrv U +[, | U( +[,1 Hvwr vh pxhvwud judfdphqwh hq od Iljxud ;07/ txh shuplwh h{wudhu odv vljxlhqwhv frqfoxvlrqhv= d, Ghvgh ho sxqwr gh ylvwd gho vhfdgr vlq udgldfl rq/ ho slplhqwr gh wlsr pruurq wlhqh xqd uhvlvwhqfld joredo U +[, pd|ru txh od fruuhvsrqglhqwh do slplhqwr odujr1 e, Ho slplhqwr odujr wlhqh od phqru uhvlvwhqfld joredo sdud od udgldfl rq | sru hoor vh vhfd frqyhqlhqwhphqwh frq udgldfl rq1 44: Fdswxor < FRQFOXVLRQHV Vh frqvwux|r xq oderudwrulr sdud ho vhfdgr frq lqfoxvl rq gh udgldfl rq sur0 yhqlhqwh gh xqd odpsdud | xq vlvwhpd dxwrp dwlfr gh shvdgd | phglfl rq gh odv yduldeohv qhfhvduldv1 Od delolgdg gho vlvwhpd vh sxhgh ghwhuplqdu phgldqwh od yhulfdflrq gh orv sdudphwurv gho surfhvr gh hydsrudfl rq gh djxd frq orv suhvhqwdgrv hq od eleolrjudid1 Odv suxhedv gh vhfdgr hq glfkr oderudwrulr shuplwhq whqhu hq fxhqwd ho xvr gh od hqhujd vrodu d wudyhv gh vhqfloodv h{shulhqfldv txh uhvxowdurq vhu y dolgdv sdud grv ydulhgdghv gh slplhqwr1 Orv frqfhswrv | yduldeohv e dvlfdv ghqlgdv sdud ho surfhvr gh vhfdgr/ dv frpr od irupxodflrq gho prghor gh wlsr khxuvwlfr sdud ghvfulelu od flqhwlfd gho plvpr/ kdfhq suhvxplu vx dsolfdelolgdg d glvwlqwrv surgxfwrv yhjhwdohv d xq fxdqgr ixhurq dsolfdgrv vrodphqwh do slplhqwr1 Ho prghor ghvduuroodgr shuplwh od vlpxodfl rq gho vhfdgr frq udgldfl rq fxdq0 gr vh frqrfhq odv yduldeohv h{whuqdv do surgxfwr +suhvl rq wrwdo gho oxjdu/ yhor0 flgdg gho dluh/ whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh | udgldfl rq,1 Hq ho oderudwrulr hv srvleoh od uhdol}dfl rq gh grv r wuhv h{shulhqfldv gh vh0 fdgr/ ghqwur gho udqjr gh ydoruhv gh whpshudwxudv/ yhorflgdg gho dluh | udgldfl rq txh vh hvshud whqhu hq od hvfdod uhdo/ sdud rewhqhu xq prghor pdwhp dwlfr deoh frq ho remhwr gh uhdol}du vlpxodflrqhv sru frpsxwdgrud1 Dxqtxh ho lqwhuhv lqgxvwuldo hv txh ho surgxfwr frqwhqjd phqrv gh xq flhuwr srufhqwdmh gh kxphgdg hq xq ghwhuplqdgr wlhpsr/ vh frqvlghud txh vh ghvd0 uuroor xq fulwhulr remhwlyr | fxdqwlwdwlyr gh ydorudfl rq gh orv surfhvrv gh vlpx0 44; odflrq gho vhfdgr txh hv dsolfdeoh d rwurv surfhvrv dq dorjrv1 Wudedmrv ixwxurv srgudq phmrudu ho plvpr frq ho remhwr gh eulqgdu gdwrv p dv dmxvwdgrv frq ho surfhvr d hvfdod uhdo1 Orv surjudpdv ghvduuroodgrv pxhvwudq f rpr suhghflu glvwlqwrv surfhvrv gh vhfdgr sdud ho fdvr hq txh odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr yduhq frq ho wlhpsr/ do ljxdo txh od yhorflgdg gho dluh | od udgldfl rq lqflghqwh1 Xqd euhyh uhylvlrq gh od h{shulhqfld orfdo hq od wudqvihuhqfld gh whfqrorjd sdud vhfdgr vrodu ^49/ 4:/ 7/ 45/ 48/ 44/ 5` vxjlhuh srvleohv dsolfdflrqhv gho htxlsr vhqfloor txh vh kd glvh qdgr hq hvwh wudedmr1 Ho vhfdgru h{shulphqwdo pl{wr/ prvwudgr hq od irwrjudid gh od Iljxud 904</ sxhgh vhu xvdgr sdud od uhdol}dfl rq hq ho plvpr vlwlr gh h{shulhqfldv ghprvwud0 wlydv gh vhfdgr vrodu1 Vh slhqvd txh do surgxfwru orfdo sxhgh lqwhuhvduoh revhuydu uhvxowdgrv lqph0 gldwrv hq vx surslr fdpsr gho vhfdgr gh orv surgxfwrv txh frvhfkd/ ud} rq sru od fxdo ho htxlsr vhqfloor srgu d vdwlvidfhu vxv hvshfwdwlydv1 Od phwrgrorjd d hpsohdu frqvlvwlu d hq frqvwuxlu ho htxlsr | hqwuhjduor frq orv dffhvrulrv qhfhvdulrv +yhqwlodgru | ixhqwh gh dolphqwdfl rq d edwhudv/ edodq}d gh sodwr/ vhqvruhv gh whpshudwxudv | htxlsr sruw dwlo gh fdswdfl rq gh gdwrv, frq ho remhwr gh fxdqwlfdu dghfxdgdphqwh odv sulphudv h{shulhqfldv txh vh uhdolfhq1 Odv phglflrqhv hvwdudq d fdujr gh shuvrqdo fdolfdgr r hqwuhqdgr sdud wdohv qhv1 Vh sxhgh sodqwhdu od srvlelolgdg gh xvdu ho frohfwru0vhfdgru vhqfloor txh shuplwd hqfrqwudu uhvxowdgrv gh i dflo surfhvdplhqwr pdwhp dwlfr frq ho remhwr gh orjudu xq dvhvrudplhqwr dghfxdgr do oxjdu | odv hvshflhv yhjhwdohv frq txh vh fxhqwh1 44< Ds hqglfh D Surjudpdv D14 Surjudpd gdw1edv 43 *Qrpeuh= gdw1edv1 Oxjdu= Vriw833 Zrunlqj1 57252<4 53 * Ohh shvr | whpshudwxudv hq i+w, 63 *0000Holplqdflrq gh huuru sru wlhpsr surorqjdgr00 73 QURHUU@3=PD[HUU@433 83 RQ HUURU JRWR :73 93 *000000000000000Rshudflrqhv lqlfldohv000000000000 :3 LQSXW %Qrpeuh gh od h{shulhqfld= %/Q' ;3 LQSXW %Suhvlrq= %/SUHV * ;;3 KSd +r pEd, <3 RSHQ %R%/&4/%gdwl% 443 FORVH 433 SULQW &4/Q' 453 LQSXW %Lqwhuydor +plq1,= %/GW 463 NH\ RII = VFUHHQ 3 = ZLGWK ;3 = FOV 473 YD@3=HXI(@46=VWDW(@3=WV@3=WEK@3=WEV@3 483 ORFDWH 58/4=SULQW 493 %w+plq, Shvr+j, Wevhfr Wekxp Wiuxwr KU+(, Z% WLPH'@%33=33=33% = WLHPSR@WLPHU 4:3 *00000Ohfwxud gh od whqvlrq txh plgh shvr000000 4;3 FDOO LQLW 4<3 FDOO LRQDPH*+%Yr%/9/3/45/4, 453 533 SURP@3 543 IRU M@4 WR 53 553 563 573 FDOO DQUHDG*+%Yr%/yd/3, 583 QH[W 593 5:3 5;3 IRU L@4 WR 43=QH[W [email protected] YD@SURP253 YD@LQW+08<1:9578.87175938-YD.91:<8:7:-YDa5.18, YD@LQW+0515:97;.413;:;68-YD.18, 5<3 *0000Ohfwxud gh odv whpshudwxudv0000000000000000 633 FDOO LRQDPH*+%F65%/;/65/45, 643 FDOO LRQDPH*+%F3%/;/3/45, 653 FDOO LRQDPH*+%F4%/;/4/45, 663 FDOO LRQDPH*+%F5%/;/5/45, 673 FDOO LQWRQ*+43/%plo%, 683 FDOO DQLQ*+%whps(%/431/%F65/F3/F4/F5%/4/%wdvn4%, 693 FDOO VWDWXV*+%wdvn4%/vwdw(, 6:3 LI VWDW(?A3 WKHQ 693 6;3 FDOO LQWRII 6<3 SURP3@3 = SURP4@3 = SURP5@3 733 743 753 763 IRU L@4 WR 43 FDOO DUJHWYDO*+%whps(%/l/%F3%/wv/hxi(, FDOO DUJHWYDO*+%whps(%/l/%F4%/wek/hxi(, FDOO DUJHWYDO*+%whps(%/l/%F5%/wev/hxi(, 773 [email protected] 783 [email protected] 793 [email protected] 7:3 QH[W 7;3 SURP3@LQW+SURP3.18,243 7<3 SURP4@LQW+SURP4.18,243 833 SURP5@LQW+SURP5.18,243 843 *Fdofxor gh odv kxphgdghv uhodwlyd | devroxwd 454 853 GHOWDS@+SURP50SURP4,-SUHV-133399-+4.SURP4-133448, 863 SV@9144-43a+:18-SURP42+SURP4.56:16,, 873 SK@SV0GHOWDS 883 SVG@9144-43a+:18-SURP52+SURP5.56:16,, 893 KU@433-SK2SVG 8:3 Z@1955-SK2+SUHV0SK, 8;3 KU@LQW+18.KU, 8<3 *0000000000Phglflrq gho wlhpsr wudqvfxuulgr00000 933 WLHPS@LQW+WLPHU293-43.18,243 943 *0000000Lpsuhvlrq gh gdwrv000000000000000000000 953 ORFDWH 57/4 963 SULQW WLHPS>% %>YD>% %>SURP5>% %>SURP4> % %>SURP3>% %>KU>% %>Z 973 *OSULQW WLHPS/YD/SURP5/SURP4/SURP3/KU/Z 983 RSHQ %D%/&4/%gdwl% 9:3 FORVH 993 SULQW &4/ WLHPS/YD/SURP5/SURP4/SURP3/KU/Z 9;3 *000000Sdvr gh wlhpsr00000000000000000 9<3 [email protected] :33 ORFDWH 4/4=SULQW LQW+WLPHU,/WLHPSR :43 /LQW+WLPHU219.18,2433/WLHPSR293/LQW+WLHPSR26933, LI WLPHU?WLHPSR WKHQ :33 :53 JRWR 4;3 :63 *00000000000Uhvroxflrq gho huuru000000000000000 :73 [email protected] :83 LI QURHUUAPD[HUU WKHQ VWRS :93 UHVXPH D15 Surjudpd VlpWde1edv * VLPWDE1EDV= * Surjudpd sdud vlpxodu ho vhfdgr gh wdedfr/ frqrflhqgr 455 * * * * od uhvlvwhqfld joredo u+[, h lqwurgxflhqgr odv whpsh0 udwxudv Wev | Wek hq ixqflrq gho wlhpsr hq od h{suh0 vlrq gh od flqhwlfd= 0g[2gw@^Sv+Wev,0Sy+Wev/Wek,`2u+[, *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 *Qrphqfodwxud= * * qrp' qrpeuh gh od h{shulhqfld w wlhpsr * l yduldeoh sdud frqwdu | hvwdeohfhu vxelqglfhv * Wev+l,/ Wek+l, whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | kxphgr * p+l, gdwrv gh shvr hq judprv * Q qxphur wrwdo gh gdwrv * [ frqwhqlgr gh kxphgdg * sl sdvr sdud od lpsuhvlrq * * pv/ ph shvrv vhfr | ilqdo [r/ [h frqwhqlgrv lqlfldo | ilqdo gh kxphgdg * fr yduldeoh xvdgd sdud ghwhuplqdu od vdolgd gh fdofxor/ * sw sdvr gho wlhpsr/ hq vhjxqgrv * vx ydoru lqlfldo hv ljxdo d sl * Sv/ S/ Sy suhvlrqhv gh ydsru gh vdwxudflrq/ wrwdo gho * Gi @ Sv 0 Sy/ glihuhqfld gh suhvlrqhv gh ydsru * * * * * * oxjdu | suhvlrq gh ydsru gho dluh/ hq sdvfdohv u @ u+[,/ uhvlvwhqfld joredo g[gw @ 0 Gi2u+[,/ flqhwlfd gh vhfdgr [s @ [ . g[gw sw/ ydoru suhglfkr sru glihuhqfld ilqlwd g[gws @ 0 Gi2u+[s,/ uhlwhudflrq gho fdofxor [f @ [ . +g[gw . g[gws,25 sw/ ydoru fruuhjlgr *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 glp p+5333,/ Wev+5333,/ Wek+5333, fov *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 *Hqwudgd gh orv gdwrv= 456 lqsxw %Qrpeuh gho dufklyr gh od h{shulhqfld= %/ qrp' rshq %L%/&4/qrp' l@3 gr zkloh qrw hri+4, [email protected] lqsxw &4/ w/ p+l,/ Wev+l,/ Wek+l, Wev+l,@Wev+l,.5:6 * | gh F d N Wek+l,@Wek+l,.5:6 orrs forvh &4 lqsxw %Shvr vhfr= %/pv lqsxw %Suhvlrq gho oxjdu +Sd,= %/S *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 * Fdofxorv lqlfldohv Q@l *dvljqdflrq gho qxphur wrwdo gh gdwrv ph @ p+Q, [r@+p+4,0pv,2pv = sl@8-6933 * 8 krudv [h@+ph0pv,2pv 43 w@3 = [@[r fr@sl l@4 * Lqlfldol}d ho sdvr gh lpsuhvlrq *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 * Hqwudgd gho sdvr gh wlhpsr sw sdud od lqwhjudflrq lqsxw %Sdvr gh lqwhjudflrq +v,= %/sw *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 *Vdolgd gh orv fdofxorv rshq %r%/&5/Qrp'.%vlp% *00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 *Frplhq}r gho fdofxor 53 Sv@h{s+5618946073652+Wev+l,06;,, Sy@h{s+5618946073652+Wek+l,06;,, 457 Sy@Sy0133399-+4.1334487-+Wek+l,05:6,-+Wev+l,0Wek+l,, Gi@Sv0Sy u@4h432+41<6-[a5179.918:, g[gw@0Gi2u [s@[.g[gw-sw 63 u@4h432+41<6-[sa5179.918:, g[gws@0Gi2u [f @ [ . +g[gw . g[gws,25-sw li dev+5-+[f0[s,2+[f.[s,,?1334 wkhq vljd [s@[f= jrwr 63 vljd= [email protected] li w?fr wkhq qrlps [email protected] li [email protected] wkhq hqg zulwh &5/w26933/[s/Wev+l,/Wek+l, [email protected] li [s?[h wkhq hqg jrwr 53 qrlps= [@[f = jrwr 53 458 Ds hqglfh E Hydsrudfl rq gh djxd E14 H{shulhqfld Q r 4= Udgldfl rq @ 3 Z@p5 wlhpsr +plq, 3 48 63 78 93 :8 <3 438 453 468 483 498 4;3 4<8 543 558 573 588 Shvr +j, 4<: 4<8 4<4 4;< 4;; 4;7 4;4 4:; 4:9 4:6 4:3 49: 496 494 48; 487 485 47< Wev +F, 7318 7319 731: 7417 741; 741< 741< 75 Wek +F, +(, 5:19 6415 6; 5:19 5:1: 5:1: 5:1; 5:1; 5:1< 5:1< 5;15 7514 5;14 7515 7515 75 7414 7415 7415 7416 K +F, 75 7514 Wdj 5; 5;14 5;15 5:19 6518 6518 6518 6519 6519 651: 651: 651; 651; 651< 651< 5;15 651< 5;16 66 5;15 5;16 5;17 459 66 6614 6614 6< 6; 69 69 68 69 69 6: 69 69 69 69 6: 6< 6< 6< 6< 5:3 47: 5;8 479 633 475 648 46< 663 46; 678 466 693 464 6:8 45; 6<3 45: 738 456 753 455 768 44< 783 448 798 446 7;3 443 7<8 43< 843 E15 438 3 48 63 78 93 :8 <3 438 453 5;17 7417 5;18 7417 5;18 7418 5;19 7418 5;19 7419 5;1: 7419 5;1: 7419 5;1: 7419 5;1; 7416 7417 7418 7418 7418 7419 7419 7419 6615 6< 651< 6< 6615 6< 6616 6< 6617 6< 6617 6< 6618 6< 6618 6< 6618 73 5;17 6615 5;18 6616 5;19 66 5;19 6617 5;19 6617 5;1: 6617 5;1: 6618 5;1: 6618 6< 6< 6< 6< 6< 6< 6< 6< H{shulhqfld Q r 5= Udgldfl rq @ 539 Z@p5 wlhpsr +plq, 7416 Shvr +j, 498 Wev +F, 6;14 494 6918 487 6917 48; 484 483 479 477 474 Wek +F, 5:18 5:18 6: 5:19 6918 5:15 691; 691< 6:14 6:15 5; Wdj +F, +(, 661< 84 6719 6618 661< 661; 5:19 6716 5:19 6619 5:18 5:1; 45: K 67 6714 79 83 87 83 84 83 83 83 E16 H{shulhqfld Q r 6= Udgldfl rq @ 5<4 Z@p5 wlhpsr +plq, 3 494 63 48; 78 486 93 47< :8 478 <3 475 438 473 453 466 +plq, 3 +j, 445 63 43< 78 437 93 434 :8 <9 <3 <5 438 <3 453 ;9 +F, 6< 6;19 6<1< 6<1: 6<1; 6<1< 6<17 6<1< 6<14 Wek +F, 5;16 5;14 5<15 5;16 5;18 5;1< 5;17 5<18 5;1; Wdj K +F, +(, 6916 79 6915 6917 6917 6918 6919 6919 691: 691; 79 79 77 77 78 78 7; 7; Wev +F, 6916 691; 6:15 6:19 6:1< 6;14 6;18 6;18 6;18 Wek +F, 591; 5:17 5:1; 5;15 5;17 5;1: 5;1; 5;1< 5:1< Wdj +F, 6916 691; 6:14 691; 691: 691< 6:14 6:15 6:17 K +(, 7< 83 83 83 83 84 83 83 79 H{shulhqfld Q r 8= Udgldfl rq @ 8;4 Z@p5 wlhpsr 3 Shvr 44: 48 +plq, Wev H{shulhqfld Q r 7= Udgldfl rq @ 6<8 Z@p5 wlhpsr E18 +j, 498 48 E17 Shvr Shvr +j, 4;4 Wev +F, 7519 Wek +F, 6316 45; Wdj +F, 6<14 K +(, 75 48 4:9 63 4:3 78 93 <3 453 468 483 498 4;3 4<8 543 E19 3 48 63 78 93 :8 <3 438 453 631; 437 761< 6416 73 74 7314 74 631; 7314 631< 7316 78 78 78 78 74 74 74 H{shulhqfld Q r 9= Udgldfl rq @ :79 Z@p5 wlhpsr +plq, 761: 43< 7619 74 73 631: 447 6<1< 6319 7618 44< 7618 75 6<1< 631: 457 6<1; 641: 7617 464 78 7314 631; 7617 73 6419 7616 467 78 7316 6418 475 7319 6417 7614 7615 77 7318 486 76 7317 6415 751< 47: 438 751; 64 497 48< :8 751: Shvr +j, 53< 534 4<8 4;; 4;5 4:9 Wev +F, 6<1< 7415 +F, 5<16 Wdj +F, 6;1: 5<18 6;1< 7419 5<1< 6<15 741; 6314 7417 741: 49: 741< 48: 7518 497 Wek 75 5<1; 63 6315 6317 6318 45< 6< 6<17 6<18 6<19 6<1: 6<1; K +(, 7: 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 76 Ds hqglfh F H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh wdedfr Odv vljxlhqwhv wdeodv pxhvwudq orv gdwrv wrpdgrv sdud fxdwur h{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh wdedfr1 Wrgdv vh uhdol}durq vlq udgldfl rq/ frq xqd yhorflgdg gho dluh gh 3> 8 p@v1 Vrodphqwh vh plglhurq odv whpshudwxudv gh exoer vhfr | k xphgr gho dluh | qr vh plgl r od whpshudwxud gh od krmd1 F14 H{shulhqfld W4 Shvr vhfr= 77< j w+k, p+j, Wev 3 8765 43 833< 5<18 53 788< 6318 8 48 58 63 68 73 78 83:9 7:68 7776 753< 7389 6;<< 69;6 5; Wek 67 631< 5<;6 73 5; 93 6477 :3 5:64 5;1< 6416 5<14 6518 6599 66;: 6318 6515 Wek 83 5:18 65 Wev 591: 5< 6418 w+k, p+j, 5;18 5<15 5<19 5<1: 5<19 88 98 :8 ;3 ;8 <3 <8 463 569: 5354 4;6: 497< 485: 6515 6: 73 73 73 73 7518 7918 6314 6419 6418 6418 6418 6416 6319 65 6718 w+k, 433 438 443 p+j, Wev 4649 83 4757 4577 448 449; 453 435< 458 ;;8 F15 w+k, 3 8 43 48 53 58 63 68 73 78 F16 7; 85 Wek 671< 671< 6717 88 661: 8: 68 8: 68 w+k, 463 468 473 p+j, Wev :;9 8: ;69 9;: 478 993 483 935 Wek 8: 68 68 8: 6715 8;18 6715 93 6815 H{shulhqfld W5 p+j, 74;; 737: 6<88 6;<7 6;66 6:7: Wev 631: 631: 631: 631: 6418 641; 6988 6514 6878 641: 694; 67<9 Shvr vhfr= 946/8 j 65 66 Wek w+k, 5<19 83 5<17 88 5;1; 93 5;1; 98 5<1; :3 6315 :8 6317 ;3 5<1< ;8 6315 <3 631< p+j, Wev 675; 6714 6663 67 66:< 6565 6534 6485 6436 635< 5<<6 67 6716 6716 6716 6716 6716 6716 Wek 6419 6419 6419 641: 641: 6416 6417 6418 6419 H{shulhqfld W6 Shvr vhfr= :<7/8 j w+k, 3 8 43 48 53 p+j, Wev 8475 63 8577 8373 7<39 7;78 63 65 65 66 Wek w+k, 5;19 5;19 6317 464 Wek 7:6< 661< 641; 68 78;8 63 5; 78 7764 65 73 6416 Wev 58 63 6317 p+j, 7999 7837 63 63 5; 5; 5<16 w+k, 83 88 93 98 :3 :8 ;3 ;8 <3 <8 F17 w+k, 3 8 43 p+j, 7699 75<5 754< 73 7514 67:4 7718 698; 659; 78 83 88 93 98 :3 6314 438 433 443 5<1: 448 6314 453 6816 458 6919 76 463 6917 468 6:16 78 473 6:14 478 p+j, 6463 Wev 7815 Wek 6914 5:56 7815 5894 7;15 6:16 841; 6:1; 5975 56<; 4:37 7: 7<18 4896 841; 4646 86 4756 86 6914 6919 6: 6:1; 6919 6919 4536 8815 6917 p+j, Wev Wek 549< 7315 H{shulhqfld W7 p+j, Wev 64:< 5<16 665; w+k, 5:16 ;3 5< 5918 <3 4<39 76 5<1: 5917 433 49<6 76 65 5<16 5;86 5<1: 5:86 5998 593; Shvr vhfr= 95: j Wek 63:< 5;36 73 w+k, 5<1; 67 6:93 58 68 6518 6;95 7349 Wek 6314 651; 6516 5<;7 63 651; 7479 48 53 Wev 6414 6414 6518 5<1< :8 5:16 ;8 5918 <8 5:17 438 5:1; 443 5;15 448 58:4 6616 5778 5; 591: 463 6;15 6416 473 5835 5756 5734 5684 63 561; 6;15 5;18 453 5:14 551; 6416 536; 4:;: 4888 4744 4643 4543 73 631< 75 6519 76 631< 76 83 83 631< 681< 681< 6< 468 ;;4 8815 :;7 631< 8815 8315 ;67 78 681< 433< <3< 64 83 458 478 465 5559 8815 8815 6; 6< 6< 5<18 Ds hqglfh G H{shulhqfldv gh vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv pruurqhv Sdud hvwh frqmxqwr gh h{shulhqfldv vh plgl r od whpshudwxud gho iuxwr W! . frorfdqgr xqd whuprfxsod hq xqd pxhvwud gho plvpr1 G14 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 3/5 p@v # , Tihi?U@ EG +@_@U L? ' f `*6 wlhpsr Shvr Wev +k, +j, +F, 3166 9; 6:1; 3133 319: 4133 4166 419: 5133 5166 519: 6133 6166 9< 9: 98 97 96 95 94 93 8< 8; 6; Wek 631; 531< 6914 6918 6917 6916 619: 5415 541: 6917 6914 5:18 +F, 5414 6916 wlhpsr +F, 6:1: 6919 Wiu 54 531; 641< 5319 671< 5319 5318 5318 7133 8: 8133 661< 661; +j, 719: 651< 531: +k, 7166 641; 8166 819: 67 9133 9166 671; 919: 671< :133 466 Shvr 8: 88 88 87 86 86 84 83 7< 7< Wev +F, 6919 691< 691< 691< 691< 691; Wek +F, 5317 5317 5316 5315 5316 5318 691; 5314 6919 531: 691: 691: 6: 54 5414 531< Wiu +F, 681< 681; 681< 6914 691< 691; 691; 6919 6919 6919 6918 wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, :19: 7< :166 ;133 ;166 ;19: <133 <166 <19: 43133 43166 4319: 44133 44166 4419: 45133 45166 4519: 46133 7< 7; 7; 7: Wev +F, 6:19 6:14 6:17 6:16 6:15 76 75 75 75 74 74 74 46166 +F, 531< 6916 531< 531; 5317 6916 681; 691< 5315 691< 691; 6919 6918 6917 6917 6916 6916 6915 5318 53 5315 5314 4<1< 4<1; 4<19 4819: 49133 49166 6717 4919: 6715 4:133 6714 67 4<19 48166 6718 4<19 4<1: 73 48133 6719 6714 4619: 4719: 6719 4<1; +j, 47166 69 4:166 4:19: 67 4;133 4;166 661< 4;19: 661< Shvr +k, 47133 6914 5317 691< 76 6917 +F, 6: 78 77 wlhpsr 6914 6:14 77 Wiu 5319 79 78 Wek 4<133 73 73 Wev +F, 6:17 69 69 69 68 6:1; 4<1< 6;1< 5315 66 6;17 66 66 wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, +F, +F, Wiu wlhpsr 5 +F, +k, +j, 651; 5158 ;; 6917 51:8 6;1< 6158 7317 61:8 3 43: 6:19 531< 5;14 318 436 6;1: 531< 6717 5414 6:1: 5414 7314 3158 438 31:8 434 4158 <9 4 418 41:8 << <7 <5 6:1< 6;1: 6;1; 6<16 6<18 7314 531; 5415 5414 5414 Shvr 518 6 618 467 <4 ;: ;7 ;6 ;4 :< :; Wev +F, 7314 7314 7314 7315 7315 7315 7315 73 67 6814 6816 6816 6817 6818 681: 681; 681< 5319 6914 531: 6<15 661; 5317 5318 6;19 , Tihi?U@ 2 E2G +@_@U L? ' HD `*6 Wek 5316 6;1: #2 Wev 53 6< 661; 6814 4<1; 6;1< 661; 4<19 4<1; 6;14 +F, 6719 4<19 6:19 Wiu 4<17 4<18 6:18 6;1: 66 4<17 6: 67 67 4<18 6914 6: 6: 4<18 6915 691< 6: +F, 6915 6< 6; Wek 5318 69 6914 6916 Wek +F, 5419 5416 5418 541; 5415 5417 5415 5415 Wiu +F, 7416 7515 7518 7518 7518 7618 7619 761: wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, 7158 :8 7 718 71:8 8 8158 818 81:8 9 9158 918 91:8 : :9 Wev +F, 6<1< 6<16 :6 6<16 :4 6< :5 6< 9< 6<16 98 6< 9: 97 96 94 94 93 6< 6< 6< 6< 6< 6< Wek +F, 5416 5415 5416 5416 5416 5416 5415 5415 5415 5415 5415 5415 5415 Wiu wlhpsr 761: :158 771< :1:8 771< ;158 771; ;1:8 771; <158 771; <1:8 +F, 761: 771< +j, +F, :18 8: 6< ;18 771; < 771; <18 771; 43 7818 Wev +k, ; 771< Shvr 8; 89 88 86 86 85 83 7< 7< 7; 7: 3 3158 43< 437 318 433 4 <5 31:8 <9 4158 <3 41:8 ;7 418 5 5158 51:8 ;: ;3 :; :5 +F, 75 7414 7317 7315 7315 7315 7316 7317 +F, 5616 5618 5618 5619 6 6;1< 6;1< 6;1< 7318 57 561< 771; 771; 771; 781: 781< 781< 5414 791; 79 5414 7:14 Wek Wiu 9: 7817 61:8 79 7158 7918 71:8 86 731; 5714 7:19 7:18 8158 7< 731< 5714 7:19 771: 618 7 718 7:17 8 7:18 81:8 468 :3 98 95 93 8: 89 84 78 +F, 771; 6158 7914 561< Wev 7817 5414 5414 6;1< 7817 7618 561: 561; 5414 +F, +j, 781; 561: 5414 Wiu +k, 5619 7317 7318 6;1: +F, 5415 6;1< Shvr +j, 5415 6;1< wlhpsr +k, 5415 6< Shvr 5415 6< , Tihi?U@ EG +@_@U L? ' H2f `*6 wlhpsr 5415 6< #2 Wiu 5415 6< Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 3/8 p@v Wek +F, 6< G15 Wev Wek 7318 7319 7319 7319 7319 7415 731: 731: 7419 +F, 57 57 57 5714 5714 5714 5714 5714 5715 +F, 7:18 7:18 7:18 7:19 7:19 7:19 7:19 7:19 7:1< wlhpsr +k, 9 9158 918 91:8 : :158 :18 :1:8 ; ;158 ;18 Shvr Wev Wek Wiu +j, +F, +F, 75 7418 5714 78 74 6< 6: 68 66 66 64 63 5< 731; 741; 57 741: 741; 59 57 7<18 <1:8 5715 7<1< 43158 83 431:8 7<1< 44158 5715 741< < <158 7417 741< +j, 7;1; 5715 7;1; 7;1; 5714 7<1< 561; 7<1< 5715 57 <18 83 Shvr +k, ;1:8 5715 741< +F, 7;19 7419 731: wlhpsr 43 5; 58 58 58 57 56 4318 55 44 54 54 54 Wev +F, +k, 3133 314: 3166 3183 319: 31;6 4133 414: 4166 4183 419: +j, +F, +F, +F, 463 7714 6515 6515 458 7814 466 45: 455 44< 44: 448 446 444 43; 77 78 7815 7815 7815 7816 7816 7816 7816 65 6516 6517 6517 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 wlhpsr +k, 65 5133 514: 6516 5166 6517 6517 6518 6183 671< 619: 469 435 <9 6166 671< 436 51;6 614: 671: 438 433 6133 6619 +j, 5183 519: 6518 Shvr <; <7 <6 <4 ;< ;; 551< 7319 5614 7319 551< 7318 551; 7318 551: 7317 5519 7317 5519 7315 Wiu 5615 7319 , Tihi?U@ e E2G +@_@U L? ' f `*6 Wek 551< 731: # Wev 5715 731: Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 4 p@v Shvr +F, 741: G16 wlhpsr Wek Wiu +F, 7<1< 7<1< 7<1< 7<1< 7<1< 7<1; 7<1; 7<1: 7<1: 7<19 5517 8319 Wek Wiu Wev +F, 7817 7817 7817 7817 7815 7814 7818 7815 7817 7817 7817 +F, 6519 6519 6519 +F, 6914 6914 6914 6519 6917 651: 6:16 6519 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 6: 6:16 6:16 6:1; 6;18 6;18 wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, 7133 ;9 61;6 714: 7166 7183 719: 71;6 8133 814: 8166 8183 819: 81;6 9133 914: 9166 9183 919: 91;6 :133 ;: ;7 ;6 ;5 ;3 :< :; :: :9 :8 :7 :6 :4 :3 9< 9; 9: 99 98 Wev +F, 7818 7818 7818 7814 7814 7719 771; 771< 771< 771; 7814 7817 7817 7818 7818 7818 7819 7819 7819 7819 Wek +F, 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651; 651; 651; 651; 8: 7718 6<1: 43133 6<1: 4314: 6<1: 43166 7317 43183 731< 4319: 731< 431;6 731< 44133 731< 4414: 731< 44166 731< 44183 7414 4419: 7514 441;6 85 7816 85 84 84 83 83 7< 7; 7; 7: 7: 79 79 78 7814 7816 7817 7816 7816 7816 7815 7816 7816 7816 7815 6519 6519 6519 6519 6519 751: 7517 7518 7614 76 6517 7614 6516 76 6518 6517 6517 6518 6518 6518 6518 76 76 76 76 76 76 751< 75 4514: 741< 45183 79 77 7815 7815 6516 6517 751< 7618 7419 4519: 76 7815 6517 761< 651: 75 46133 75 7814 6517 77 651: ;19: <1;6 7814 75 65 7717 771: 6<1: 86 6519 76 94 8; <19: 78 75 6516 ;14: ;183 6<1: 87 6519 7815 6517 7718 <183 7814 75 77 7717 8; 6<1: 87 651: 45166 95 ;166 <166 7814 75 75 :1;6 7718 6<1: 88 651: 75 651; 6519 94 <14: 7815 6519 +F, 751< 7719 ;133 6<19 89 78 +F, 6518 97 7717 <133 8: +F, Wiu 7815 :183 96 6;19 +j, Wek 79 651; :19: ;1;6 +k, Wev 45133 7819 7719 6;18 +F, Shvr 7417 98 97 wlhpsr 651; :14: :166 Wiu 6516 6516 651: 75 451;6 75 4614: 75 46166 75 46183 75 4619: 46: 76 75 74 74 74 7815 7814 7814 7814 7814 6517 6517 6517 6516 6516 761< 77 77 761< 761< wlhpsr +k, 461;6 47133 4714: 47166 47183 4719: 471;6 48133 4814: 48166 48183 4819: 481;6 49133 4914: 49166 49183 4919: 491;6 4:133 Shvr +j, 73 73 Wev +F, 7814 7814 73 7814 73 78 73 6; 6; 6; 6: 6: 6: 69 69 69 68 68 68 67 67 67 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 Wek +F, 6516 6516 6516 6516 6515 6515 6515 Wiu wlhpsr 761< 4:14: +F, 761< 761< 761< 6515 6515 6515 6515 6515 6515 4;183 4;19: 4;1;6 761; 4<133 7715 4<14: 761< 4<166 7716 4<183 7715 6515 7717 6515 4;166 761< 761; 6515 4;14: 77 6515 67 4;133 761< 6515 6515 4:166 4:1;6 761< 761< +j, 4:19: 761< 6515 +k, 4:183 761< 4<19: 4<1;6 77 53133 5314: 771< Shvr 53166 67 67 67 65 65 65 65 65 64 64 64 64 63 63 63 5< 5< 5< 5< Wev +F, 78 78 +k, 3133 314: 3166 3183 +j, 47: 476 473 46; +F, 731: 731: 731: 731; +F, 6315 6417 6417 6418 wlhpsr 6315 319: +F, +k, 6417 31;6 6417 4133 6418 414: 46; Shvr +j, 467 464 45: 457 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 6515 78 Wev +F, 731< 731< 731< 74 78 771; 78 6515 78 78 6515 6515 78 +F, 771; 6515 78 Wiu 6515 6515 78 Wiu 6515 78 , Tihi?U@ e E22G +@_@U L? ' eDf `*6 Wek 6515 78 #e Wev 6515 78 Yhorflgdg gho dluh= 4 p@v Shvr +F, 78 G17 wlhpsr Wek 6515 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 Wek +F, 6419 6419 6419 641: Wiu +F, 6419 6419 651; 67 wlhpsr +k, 4166 4183 419: 41;6 5133 514: 5166 5183 519: Shvr +j, +F, 44< 7414 454 448 446 444 43; 43: 437 435 51;6 433 614: <9 6133 6166 6183 619: 61;6 7133 714: 7166 7183 719: 71;6 8133 814: 8166 8183 819: 81;6 9133 914: Wev <; <6 <4 ;< ;: ;9 ;6 ;5 ;4 :< :: :9 :7 :5 :5 :3 9< 9; 99 74 7414 7414 7414 7414 7415 7415 7415 7415 7415 7415 Wek +F, +F, 641; 6815 641: 641; 641; 641; 641; 641< 641< 641< 641< 641< 641< 7415 641< 7416 65 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7417 7417 7417 7417 65 65 7417 6414 7417 65 6417 :14: :166 :183 6918 :19: 6918 :1;6 6:14 ;133 6:1: ;14: 6:1: ;166 6:1; ;183 6:1; ;19: 6:1; ;1;6 <133 6; 6< 6418 :133 6918 65 641: 91;6 6918 6;1< 6514 919: 6917 65 65 9183 681< 6;1: 65 9166 6817 65 65 +k, 6816 6:1; 65 wlhpsr 67 65 7417 7417 Wiu <14: <166 <183 6< <19: <1;6 6< 43133 6< 4314: 6< 43166 6< 43183 6< 4319: 6< 431;6 6< 44133 6< 4414: 46< Shvr +j, 98 97 96 95 93 93 8< 8; 8: 89 86 86 85 84 83 7< 7; 7: 7: 79 78 77 77 76 75 74 74 74 6< 6< Wev +F, 7417 7417 7417 Wek +F, 64 641: 6<15 631< 7417 7416 6414 6415 631< 6414 7416 6415 7416 631< 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7416 7415 7415 7415 7415 7415 7415 7415 6< 64 7417 7417 6< 6<15 6414 7417 +F, 631< 7417 7417 Wiu 64 6417 631; 631; 631< 631; 631; 631; 631; 631; 6< 7314 7315 7314 7315 7315 7315 7314 7315 7314 7314 7314 7314 7314 7314 7314 7314 7314 631: 7314 631: 7315 631: 7315 6319 731; 631: 631: 631: 6319 73 73 73 73 wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, 44183 6; 44166 4419: 441;6 45133 4514: 45166 45183 4519: 451;6 46133 4614: 46166 46183 4619: 461;6 47133 4714: 47166 47183 4719: 471;6 48133 4814: 48166 48183 4819: 481;6 49133 6; 6: 6: 69 68 68 68 Wev +F, 7415 7414 7414 7414 7414 7414 7414 7414 68 7414 66 74 68 66 65 65 65 65 64 63 63 63 5< 5< 5< 5< 74 74 74 74 74 74 731< 731< 731< 731< 731< 731< 731< 731< 5: 731< 5: 74 5: 5: 59 74 74 74 Wek Wiu +F, +F, 6319 7319 6319 7414 6319 6319 6319 6319 6319 6319 6318 6317 6317 6317 4:19: 4:1;6 4;133 4;14: 4;166 6<1; 4;183 4;19: 73 4;1;6 4<133 731< 4<14: 731< 4<166 731< 4<183 731; 4<19: 731< 4<1;6 731< 6318 74 6318 4:183 6<1; 731< 6318 4:166 6<1< 631; 6319 4:14: 6<1; 731< 6317 4:133 73 6317 6317 491;6 7317 6<1< 6317 4919: 7319 6317 6317 49183 7414 73 6318 49166 7414 6318 6318 4914: 74 6<1< 6318 +k, 73 6318 6318 wlhpsr 53133 5314: 74 53166 53183 74 5319: 74 531;6 473 Shvr +j, 59 59 59 58 58 58 57 57 57 57 57 56 57 57 57 57 Wev +F, 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 731< 731: 7318 7317 7315 56 7316 56 73 56 73 56 7314 55 73 56 73 55 7314 55 73 55 55 55 54 54 73 7315 7316 7314 7317 Wek +F, 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6318 6317 6315 6314 631; 631; 631: 631: 631: 6319 6319 6319 631: 631: Wiu +F, 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 731< 731: 7318 7317 7316 7317 7314 7317 7319 7317 7319 731: 731; 631: 7414 631: 731: 631: 631: 631: 74 7415 7415 wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, 5414: 54 54133 54166 54183 5419: 541;6 55133 #e2 wlhpsr +k, 54 54 54 54 54 54 Wev +F, 7317 7319 7414 731: 7318 7318 7319 Wek +F, 631: 631: 631: 631: 631; 631; 631; Wiu wlhpsr +F, +k, 7415 5514: 7415 55166 7415 55183 7415 5519: 7416 551;6 7416 56133 7416 Shvr +j, Wev +F, Wek +F, Wiu wlhpsr +F, 3166 469 7816 651; 6814 6183 4166 4183 474 463 459 453 44: 446 43< 438 7716 7819 781: 641: 651; 661; 69 651< 6917 781; 6616 691< 781< 6615 781; 781< 79 66 6615 6615 6133 731: ;< ;9 ;6 ;4 :; 7915 7915 7916 7916 7916 7916 6617 6617 6618 6618 6618 6618 714: 7166 7183 631; 731: 631< Wev +F, 631< 7417 7416 7417 7417 Wek +F, Wiu +F, :9 7916 6618 741: :4 7917 6619 741; 9< 9: 98 95 94 8< 7917 7917 7918 7918 7918 7918 7918 6619 6619 661: 661: 661: 661; 661; 741: 741; 741; 741; 751: 751< 7614 6<14 8133 89 771: 6614 7517 85 7817 6<14 51;6 7316 631; 7416 741; 6616 519: 7318 631; 7416 661: 7914 5183 731: 631; 7816 <7 <5 Shvr +F, 8; 5133 5166 +F, Wiu 719: 6<14 514: 53 7318 Wek 6:1< 6616 6616 7133 6:1; 7914 7914 61;6 6:1: 434 <; 619: 6918 419: 41;6 53 :6 614: 414: 53 6166 6414 4133 53 +j, 6414 31;6 53 +k, 7614 319: 54 +F, 479 3183 +j, Wev L? ' HHf `*6 , Tihi?U@ S E2G +@_@U 3133 314: Shvr 71;6 814: 6<1; 8166 7317 8183 7317 819: 7318 81;6 7318 9133 7415 914: 474 8: 87 84 83 83 7: 79 78 7819 7816 7815 7814 78 78 6617 651< 6519 7515 7515 75 6518 7517 6516 751; 6517 6515 6516 751; 751: 751: wlhpsr +k, 9166 9183 919: 91;6 :133 :14: :166 :183 :19: :1;6 ;133 ;14: ;166 ;183 ;19: ;1;6 <133 <14: <166 <183 <19: <1;6 43133 4314: 43166 43183 4319: 431;6 44133 4414: Shvr Wev Wek +j, +F, 77 7814 651< 7818 651< 78 77 75 78 7814 74 7814 6< 7814 6; 78 73 6; 6; 69 68 68 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 64 63 63 5< 5< 5< 5: 78 78 78 7814 7815 7817 7818 7819 651; 66 6519 6516 651: 6515 6515 6515 6516 6518 6519 651: 651< 7817 651< 7819 6614 7818 771: 771; 771; 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 5: 771< 58 78 58 +F, 78 66 6614 6615 6615 6615 6615 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 Wiu wlhpsr 751; 44166 +F, 7616 761; +k, +j, 44183 58 4419: 761; 441;6 761; 45133 761; 4514: 761; 45166 761; 45183 761; 4519: 761; 451;6 761< 46133 7714 4614: 7715 46166 7715 46183 761; 4619: 7717 461;6 7717 47133 7718 4714: 761: 47166 7619 47183 761< 4719: 761: 471;6 7715 48133 7717 4814: 7716 48166 771: 48183 771< 4819: 771< 481;6 771< 49133 771< 4914: 475 Shvr 58 58 58 58 57 57 Wev +F, 7814 7815 7816 7817 7818 781< 7819 57 771< 56 771< 57 56 56 56 56 56 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 78 771< 771< Wek +F, 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6616 6615 771< 6616 771< 6615 771< 771< 771; 771; 771< 66 6614 6615 6615 6615 7814 6615 771< 6614 771< 771< 771< 7815 7816 771< 7815 771< 7719 66 6614 6614 6614 6614 6614 6614 6614 66 Wiu +F, 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771< 771; 771; 771; 771; 771; 771: 771: 771: 771: 771; 7815 771; 781: 781: wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, 49183 53 49166 4919: 491;6 4:133 4:14: 4:166 4:183 4:19: 4:1;6 4;133 4;14: 4;166 4;183 4;19: 4;1;6 4<133 4<14: 4<166 4<183 4<19: 4<1;6 53133 5314: 53166 53183 5319: 531;6 54133 5414: 53 53 4< 53 4< 53 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< Wev +F, 7719 771: 7719 771: 7718 7718 771: 7815 7819 781: 7819 7819 7819 7818 7818 7818 771; 7814 7719 771; 7717 7717 7717 7717 771: 7718 7717 7717 7716 7716 Wek +F, 66 66 66 66 651; 651< 651; 651< 651< 651< 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651; 651: 6517 651: 651: 651: 651: 651; 651: 6519 Wiu wlhpsr 771< 54166 +F, 781; 781: +k, +j, 54183 4< 5419: 781; 541;6 781: 55133 781: 5514: 781: 55166 781: 55183 781: 5519: 781: 551;6 7819 56133 7819 5614: 7819 56166 7819 56183 7819 5619: 7819 561;6 7819 57133 7819 5714: 7819 57166 7819 57183 7819 5719: 7819 571;6 7818 58133 7818 5814: 7818 58166 7818 58183 7819 5819: 7819 581;6 7817 59133 7817 5914: 476 Shvr 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< Wev +F, 7717 7718 7716 7716 7716 7716 7716 7716 7716 7716 7716 7718 7718 4< 771< 4< 7816 4: 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4: 4< 4< 78 7817 7816 7817 7817 7818 7818 7818 7816 7817 7816 7814 7815 7716 7716 Wek +F, 6519 6519 6519 6519 6519 6519 6519 6519 651: 6519 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 651: 6518 651: 651: 651: 651: 6514 641; 6515 6419 641; 6418 6418 Wiu +F, 7817 7817 7817 7817 7817 7817 7817 7817 7817 7817 7819 7818 7818 7818 7818 781< 781< 7914 7918 7917 7918 7919 7918 7914 781; 7915 7918 781: 7817 7817 wlhpsr Shvr +k, +j, 59183 4< 59166 5919: 591;6 5:133 5:14: 5:166 5:183 5:19: 4: 4< 4< 4< 4< 4: 4: 4: Wev +F, 7716 7716 7716 7716 7717 7718 7718 7718 7718 Wek +F, 6418 6418 6418 6418 Wiu wlhpsr 7817 5:1;6 +F, 7817 7817 6418 7818 6419 7818 6419 641; 6419 +k, +j, 5;133 4: 5;14: 7818 5;166 5;183 79 5;19: 5;1;6 7819 5<133 7819 477 Shvr 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: Wev Wek +F, +F, 7719 641; 7815 7718 7718 771; 771; 7718 771: 65 641: 641: 641< 641; 641; 641; Wiu +F, 781: 781: 781: 781: 781: 781: 781: 781: Ds hqglfh H Vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv odujrv H14 H{shulhqfldv gh oderudwrulr , ,*iuG U ' fff `*6 wlhpsr +krud, 3133 313; Shvr +j, 454 314: 318; 319: 31:8 31;6 31<5 4133 413; 414: 4158 86 8814 8716 3166 3183 +F, 8817 3158 3175 W 8717 ;<18 8818 871: 881; 881< 881; 881: 8819 881: 881: 881; 8819 Wek wlhpsr +F, +krud, 6519 4175 6514 4166 6618 Shvr +j, 419: 6519 41:8 6519 41;6 651: 41<5 651< 5133 6518 513; 6518 514: 6518 5158 6518 5166 6518 5175 6518 5183 6518 518; 478 881: 8815 418; 6518 +F, 8818 4183 6517 W 8814 831; 7418 88 88 8815 8814 88 88 8815 8317 8317 Wek +F, 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 6518 5<19 5<1: 5<1: 841; 631< 8615 6415 841< 64 wlhpsr +krud, 519: 51:8 51;6 51<5 Shvr +j, 5: 6133 613; 6158 6175 53 718; 8133 813; 861: 8718 7183 71<5 881< 8617 7175 6415 65 65 6417 6417 6418 6419 641: 6319 6319 6318 6318 6317 6317 6315 6315 8718 631; 881: 6417 871: 4: 6419 6417 8618 7166 8158 8815 8619 7158 6418 6416 641< 8619 714: +krud, 8714 881; 871: 881; 64 6317 6318 89 6319 8914 631; 8914 wlhpsr +F, 6419 861: 713; Wek 861; 861: 7133 71;6 861: 881: 61<5 71:8 8619 8819 618; 719: 8617 8817 6183 61;6 8616 8719 6166 61:8 +F, 861< 614: 619: W 64 814: Shvr +j, 8175 81:8 81;6 881; 9175 881; 9183 881< 918; 91;6 881< 4: 91<5 :13; 6315 6314 6317 6319 631: 631: 6317 631< 6319 6319 5<1< 871; 5<1< 871; 4: 6315 5<1< 871; :166 64 871< 871; :158 479 871< 871; :14: ;133 8914 871; :133 :175 631; 881: 9166 6416 8819 8819 8819 9158 6415 6416 8819 914: 64 891: 8819 913; 91:8 6414 8814 9133 919: 8917 8819 81<5 +F, 631< 8919 4: Wek 8915 8918 8183 819: +F, 8916 8166 818; W 871: 871: 63 5<19 5<17 5<1; 5<16 5<17 5<16 ,2 ,*iu2G U ' f `*6 wlhpsr Shvr W +krud, +j, +F, Wek +F, 3133 4;8 6;19 591; 314: 6<19 5:1< 313; 3158 3166 3175 6<17 5; 6<19 5:1; 6<18 5:1; 7315 5:1; 3183 49; 7316 5:1; 319: 6<17 5:1: 318; 6<18 5:1: 31:8 6<19 5:19 31<5 7318 5:19 31;6 4133 413; 414: 73 5:19 7319 5:19 7319 5:1: 7319 5:1: wlhpsr Shvr W +krud, +j, +F, 5175 5183 518; 519: 51:8 51;6 614: 6158 6166 6175 6183 419: 731: 5:1; 41:8 478 731: 5:1; 41<5 7319 5:1; 41;6 5133 513; 514: 5158 5166 73 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731; 5:1; 731; 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731< 5:1; 731< 5:1; 731; 5:1; 731; 5:1; 61:8 74 5:1< 61;6 731: 5:1; 731; 5:1; 618; 731: 5:1; 418; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 4175 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 613; 6133 619: 4183 731: 5:1; 456 731: 5:1; 7319 5:1: 7319 5:1: +F, 51<5 4158 4166 Wek 74 5:1; 7415 5:1; 61<5 43< 741: 5:1; 713; 731: 5:1; 7133 714: 7158 7166 7175 7183 718; 719: 71:8 47: 731; 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731: 5:1; 731; 5:1; 731< 5:1; 731; 5:1; 731; 5:1; wlhpsr Shvr W +krud, +j, +F, 71;6 Wek +F, 731< 5:1; wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, 731; 5:1; :18; 814: 7414 5:1< :19: 8166 74 5:1< :1;6 731; 5:1< 5; 7514 813; 8158 75 :183 :175 731; 5:1; +F, 741< <; 731< 5:1; :1:8 Wek +F, :166 71<5 8133 W 7514 75 5; 5; 5; 5; 75 5:1< 75 5:1< 8175 7418 5:1< :1<5 75 5; 818; 7419 5:1< ;13; 75 5; 81:8 ;; 7419 5:1< ;158 75 5; 81<5 731; 5:1< 8183 819: 81;6 9133 7417 5:1< 7418 5:1< 731; 5:1< 74 5:1< 913; 731< 5:1< 9158 7416 5:1< 9175 7414 5:1< 914: 9166 9183 918; 919: 91:8 91;6 91<5 74 5:1< 74 5:1< 7414 731< 7419 7416 7418 7417 :133 :: 7315 :14: 741< :13; :158 74 7514 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; ;133 ;14: ;166 ;175 ;183 ;18; 75 5:1< 75 75 7514 7514 7514 ;19: 98 741; ;1;6 7514 ;1:8 ;1<5 <133 <13; <14: <158 <166 <175 <183 <18; <19: <1:8 47; 7514 7514 7514 7514 7514 7514 7514 7514 7514 7514 741: 8; 7514 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; 5; wlhpsr Shvr W +krud, +j, +F, <1;6 <1<5 43133 4313; 4314: 43158 43166 43175 43183 7514 Wek +F, 7515 5;14 7515 5;14 431<5 741< 5;15 4414: 44158 44166 44175 44183 , 4518; 4519: 451:8 451;6 741: 5;15 451<5 7514 5;15 7514 5;15 75 5;15 ,*iuG U ' f `*6 +j, 3166 W +F, 7:15 8319 85 4;6 851< 8518 7515 5;15 75 5;15 7515 5;14 7515 5;15 7515 5;15 7515 5;15 7516 5;15 7516 5;15 7516 5;15 7516 5;15 7516 5;15 7516 5;15 741< 5;15 7514 5;15 46133 7514 5;15 4614: 75 7414 5;15 4613; 7516 5;15 55718 319: 45183 7516 5;15 3133 3183 45175 7516 5;15 Shvr 314: 45166 741; 5;15 wlhpsr +krud, 45158 74 5;14 7515 5;15 7515 5;15 4514: 7515 5;14 +F, 441<5 4513; 7515 5;14 +F, Wek 7516 5;15 45133 7515 5;14 W 441:8 441;6 7515 5;14 85 7417 5;14 4413; 4419: 7514 5;14 431:8 44133 4418; 7514 5;14 7515 5;14 431;6 +krud, +j, 5; 4318; 4319: wlhpsr Shvr 75 5;15 Wek +F, 5<19 6514 6517 6519 6617 wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, 31;6 4133 414: 4166 4183 47< W +F, 8517 Wek +F, 651; 8517 651; 8515 651< 8518 841: 66 66 wlhpsr +krud, 419: Shvr W +j, +F, 514: 5166 841: 841; 51;6 6133 614: 841; 8514 851: 6183 619: 61;6 7133 714: 7166 7183 ,e 8614 85 6616 8183 6617 81;6 6516 914: 851; 8514 9166 6617 919: 6518 :133 6415 :166 +F, +F, 8514 8514 8515 7618 6; 8414 8414 8415 831: 84 Wek +F, 8717 661; 3166 8; 68 419: 881; 6915 6918 5133 :3 8716 661; 5166 891: 671< 3183 48: 8<17 6918 31;6 8:18 691< 514: 414: 43: 8;15 6:15 5183 319: 4133 8;18 8:1: 6: 41;6 483 8; 8719 8819 8: 8718 6418 6417 6417 5<1; 5<1: 63 4166 4183 65 8316 5;18 6618 6518 5<19 545 7917 8716 6518 7<16 3133 314: 6518 6416 +krud, +j, +F, 6517 8414 85 7<1; wlhpsr Shvr W +F, 6517 7<15 6318 Wek 8414 7<1; 91;6 :14: W 8514 9183 6517 Wek +j, 9133 6616 ,*iueG U ' bDf `*6 +krud, +j, +F, 819: 6517 8314 wlhpsr Shvr W 8166 6414 85 93 814: 6617 8614 :3 6616 Shvr 8133 6617 831; 6166 71;6 6616 841< ;< 6615 6616 8519 519: 719: 6615 841; 5183 +krud, 6614 841: 453 wlhpsr +F, 8419 41;6 5133 Wek 691: 68 6716 67 63 63 6317 wlhpsr Shvr W Wek +krud, +j, +F, +F, wlhpsr Shvr W +krud, +j, +F, Wek +F, 519: 8718 6719 :133 8919 6618 6133 8817 661< :166 8:1; 6619 51;6 871; 614: 6166 881; 881< 6717 6715 :14: 8:1: 6716 :183 8:1; 6618 ;133 6618 6; 8:14 6618 :1;6 8:1; 61;6 8;15 651< ;14: 8:1< 8:14 7133 8;16 714: 8;16 7166 7183 71;6 6614 8;18 814: 8;18 8166 8183 8;17 8;19 8<15 819: 5: 8:15 9133 8:18 81;6 8:18 914: 8:18 9166 8:19 9183 8:19 919: 8:15 91;6 ,D 8:18 wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, W +F, 8:1< ;1;6 8; <133 8; <14: 6615 6615 8; <166 8;14 <19: 8; <183 6615 6616 8; <1;6 6616 43133 5818 6616 4314: 6617 43166 6617 43183 6617 6618 6618 8; 8; 8<15 8<15 8<15 4319: 8<15 44133 8;14 431;6 6618 +F, 8:1< ;19: 6614 Wek 8:1< ;183 6614 ,*iuDG U ' eeS `*6 8:1; ;166 66 6614 8;17 8133 6617 8;17 8;17 719: 6618 6619 :19: 5818 8:1; 6183 619: 6619 4414: 8< 58 8;14 6619 661: 6618 661; 661: 661: 661; 6619 661< 661< 661< 661< 651; 651; 6614 651; 6614 651; 651; 651; wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, 484 W +F, Wek +F, 3133 314: 3166 3183 319: 4;3 487 31;6 4133 414: 4166 463 6133 614: :< 79 7:14 7919 7166 7183 7918 7918 7:15 7918 7918 7918 7918 719: 791: 8133 7919 71;6 814: 5<18 5<17 5<17 5<1< 5<19 5<1: 5<18 6314 7:15 714: 5;17 7:1: 791: 7: 93 63 5<19 619: 7133 5<1: 7919 7918 61;6 819: 6315 6166 6183 5<1: 5<16 7:15 791: ;< 8166 5<1< 791: 514: 5;1: 79 791; 5133 51;6 7914 791< 41;6 519: 7914 7: 419: 5183 7915 7:15 4183 5166 7814 7: 7:19 63 5;1< 5<18 5<17 5<18 5<18 5<18 5;1< 5<17 5<16 5<16 5<16 5<18 5<18 5<17 7:18 8183 81;6 9133 914: 7:17 7:1; 67 7:1; 7:1; 91;6 7:1: :14: 7; :19: :1;6 ;133 ;14: 7; 59 58 ;166 <133 <14: <166 <183 <19: <1;6 43133 4314: 43166 43183 485 7: 7;14 7; 7:1; 7;14 7;15 ;19: ;1;6 7; 7;14 ;183 7:1< 56 5<14 5;1: 7:19 :183 5<14 7: 919: :166 5<15 5;14 791: :133 5<17 791: 9166 9183 5< 7;15 7;16 7;16 7;16 7;16 7;17 7;17 7;17 7;17 7;18 7;18 5< 5;1< 5;1< 5<15 5<16 5<15 5;15 5;18 5;15 5;18 5;18 5;1: 5;16 5;1: 5;1: 5;17 5;17 5;19 5;18 5;18 5;1; 5;18 5;19 5;1: 5;1; wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, 4319: 431;6 ,S W +F, 7;18 7;19 +krud, +j, +F, 314: 4:: 7515 319: Wek +F, 5: 761: 5<14 7716 5;1< 31;6 47< 731: 591< 414: 7714 5;1< 4133 7714 5;1< 4166 7714 5;1< 4183 7714 5;1< 419: 7714 5;1< 5133 77 5;1; 41;6 77 5;1; 514: 5166 5183 519: 51;6 6133 77 5;1; 43< 77 5;1; 77 5;1; 751< 5:19 751< 5:19 751< 5:1: 614: <: 751< 5:19 6183 77 5;1: 6166 619: 61;6 44133 5;1: 7717 5<14 3183 +krud, +j, 5;1< 761; 5;1; 3166 wlhpsr Shvr +F, ,*iuSG U ' 2ff `*6 wlhpsr Shvr W 3133 Wek 77 5;18 7716 5;1; 7719 5;1; 4414: 55 W +F, 7;19 Wek +F, 5;1: 7;19 5;1; wlhpsr Shvr W +krud, +j, +F, Wek +F, 7133 7716 5;1; 7166 7816 5;1< 714: 7183 719: 71;6 8133 814: 8166 8183 78 5;1< 7816 5;1< 7816 5;1< 7816 5;1< 7817 7817 5< 5< 7817 5;1: 7816 5;1: 819: 97 7716 5;15 9133 7717 5;1; 81;6 914: 9166 9183 7716 5;19 771< 5;1< 771: 5;1< 7718 5;1: 919: 86 7717 5;19 :133 7718 5;14 91;6 :14: :166 7717 5;14 7718 5;14 7718 5;14 :183 771< 5;14 :1;6 7814 5;14 :19: 486 78 5;14 wlhpsr Shvr W Wek +krud, +j, +F, ;133 wlhpsr Shvr W +F, +krud, +j, +F, 771: 5;14 ;14: <19: 7719 5;15 ;166 7814 5;15 ;183 ;19: 771: 5;16 <133 771< 5;16 ;1;6 <14: 67 771; 5;17 <183 7817 5;17 <166 <1;6 7817 5;18 4314: 7914 5;18 431;6 44133 4414: H{shulhqfldv gh fdpsr ,2 ht4 wlhpsr Shvr 3 318 4 418 513; 518 6135 6168 61;8 +j, 598 585 569 +F, 6414 6514 7168 +F, +Z2p5, 71;8 5618 :95 81;8 551: :45 46< :168 464 ;168 456 446 4;; 6614 571; 6;3 4:8 65 5716 87; <168 Wek L wlhpsr 4<< 4;5 6819 64 wlhpsr Shvr +j, 443 W +F, 6618 59 561; +F, 91;8 <64 :1;8 646 +Z2p5, 5715 :45 ;1;8 +krud, 3183 487 48; 9168 ;88 ;:7 498 485 5918 5814 7915 5;1: 8168 6916 539 6816 ht42 3133 L 7915 5;19 5: 7914 5;19 ;64 ,22 +krud, Wek 7914 5;19 5718 554 6714 7914 5;18 4319: H15 +krud, 7914 5;18 43183 771; 5;17 W 79 5;18 43166 78 5;16 +F, 79 5;17 43133 7719 5;15 Wek 478 466 6615 6515 6519 6514 6318 5:14 5:16 45; 5;1; 44: 6618 434 561< 5715 5718 5;3 87 5515 5414 671< 5;3 541; 5514 571: +F, 55; 485 5717 W 789 5616 67 Shvr +j, 571: 57 Wek +F, 5816 <; 4< < 6 3 L +Z2p5, 9<9 wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, 4183 ;< :< 4133 <7 5133 6133 691< 5916 :55 7319 5:17 751< ,2 h2t4 wlhpsr Shvr +krud, 3 318 4 418 5 518 6 +j, W +F, 5815 Wek L 65: 7313 648 58 7313 58 5<4 7813 5;18 574 7618 5<18 597 7514 5<15 ,2e ht4 wlhpsr Shvr +krud, +j, 3133 4333 313; 314: 318; 319: 591; 581< 5<1< 3166 3183 +F, 5914 3158 3175 W 6518 <:3 5;1; 5;14 5;16 5<1; 7133 7183 8133 ;95 <45 57 +krud, ;:7 5;1: +F, wlhpsr <54 5;14 6:13 5518 6<13 984 5: 6:3 678 L +Z2p5, 751; 9; Wek +F, 73 :5 6183 +F, 6716 ;6 5183 W 7:8 8 497 ;97 918 ;78 ;<6 Wek L +F, +Z2p5, 5517 44; 5515 5518 561< 5817 5615 5617 5619 561; 44; 54: 4<: 818 4:9 488 9 47: : 468 wlhpsr +krud, 31:8 46< 31<5 6;6 4133 789 413; 66: 414: 488 4158 534 4166 44; 4175 488 6;16 6716 5<15 +j, 7817 +F, 6513 561: 641: 631; 6515 691; 6<1: 6:17 7315 6:; 45; 5717 6815 5815 5<1< 99: 5815 59 +F, :55 5917 58 W <45 591; 6:1< 5916 6:13 +Z2p5, 5:1; 6915 5615 6715 L 5:14 5< 6;14 <84 Wek 7618 5;1: Shvr 31;6 4:6 731< 89 7 ;3: :64 6<19 8<18 881: 718 6<15 95 914: 8<; +F, 98 8:1; 618 W +j, 8183 9133 +Z2p5, Shvr 99 <35 <8< 675 855 4<< 789 4;3 475 Wek L +F, +Z2p5, 5919 95< 561; 5616 5619 561; 5815 591: 581; 5914 889 44; 55; 7;6 9<5 9<5 :53 9<6 wlhpsr +krud, 418; Shvr +j, 419: 513; 514: 5183 518; ;5: 51:8 613; :;7 614: 618; ::8 571; 54< 5;1< ;54 581: 579 6:1; 581: 753 7814 5:18 ;6< 7: 5;15 ;7; 5:19 ;:9 5;15 935 5<17 <6< 5:17 66: 5< 76; 7817 7718 791: 6:18 6714 7919 7914 7614 6166 6183 5:1; 751< 791: 6158 6175 935 6<16 51;6 6133 5:16 7816 519: 51<5 9<6 7317 5166 5175 591< 731: 6818 5158 781: :64 7;14 7;15 79 619: 761; 61;6 7817 61:8 61<5 7133 9;; L +Z2p5, 751< ;98 Wek +F, 7719 41;6 5133 +F, 7515 41:8 41<5 W 5919 5:14 5:19 5;14 5915 5:1< 5617 59 5< 5:17 591: 5<17 5:16 7< 6616 8315 6416 7;14 6319 :35 :6; :6; 889 5<5 ;:9 5<5 53< ;99 ;8: 534 <63 <8: wlhpsr +krud, 713; +j, 714: 7183 718; 957 8:7 864 81:8 913; 731< +F, 631< 6415 6519 6317 641< 6514 6414 6415 6517 6516 6416 6518 6417 6417 6418 651; 591: 5817 831; 6414 7<1; 831: 7;3 Wek 6<18 761< 81;6 9133 8616 8619 819: 81<5 8515 8517 8166 818; 8616 8617 8158 8183 8614 8616 814: 8175 841< 8514 71;6 813; 851: 8615 71:8 8133 8319 8618 719: 71<5 +F, 8516 7166 7175 W 831< 7158 831; 7316 7;16 63 5:18 6515 5<1; 5914 631: L +Z2p5, ;5< ;;7 ;7; ;5< ;7; ;5< ;5< ;7; ;5< ;5< ;5< ;6< ;8: ;5< ;5< ;7; 533 588 ;54 ;5< 488 ;44 ;36 497 :;7 914: 8315 631: :6; 9166 6:17 5819 479 <6< 9158 ;99 9175 <45 Shvr 9183 489 78 787 731: 7815 5;15 5:1: 6314 4:6 953 5<5 wlhpsr +krud, 918; Shvr +j, 919: W +F, 77 6718 91:8 7416 91<5 7817 91;6 :133 :13; 78 753 :14: 7816 :166 :183 :18; 7814 7917 :158 :175 79 7817 6;: 771; 7815 6<1; :19: 7518 :1;6 7517 :1:8 76 :1<5 751: ;133 ;13; ;14: ;158 741: 696 ;166 ;175 ;183 ;18; 68< 731; 6<16 6:1< ;1;6 5;17 96; 561; 5;19 6316 5<16 5;1: 5;1< 5:1; 5:1; 5;16 5:19 5718 5:15 5918 5:14 5915 5816 581< 5819 5919 wlhpsr +krud, <13; :6 <14: 935 <166 935 <175 898 <183 889 <18; 889 <19: 898 <1:8 84< 844 44; 7:7 4314: 789 6<5 6;6 431:8 5719 5: 44133 551< 5517 541; 5: 431<5 5: 4413; 5: 4414: 5: 44158 4; 44166 5: 44175 4; 44183 48: 5;14 5; 5;19 5;17 5; 5:19 5:17 5919 4319: 66: 5;1; 43175 4318; 66: 5<1; 5:15 43183 688 541: 43158 43166 734 6315 5:1; 4313; +F, 5517 6318 663 Wek 6318 43133 <1<5 844 +F, 5;14 431;6 58 +j, W <1;6 5<5 5817 Shvr <158 571< 5618 6316 +Z2p5, 579 6716 65 L 5;1< 5814 6416 673 +F, 6:16 6915 ;1:8 <133 731< 6<14 ;19: ;1<5 731< Wek 55 5417 5414 531; 541: 5418 5415 531< 531: 5319 5416 5417 5415 5: 5414 5917 531; 591: 5919 54 531: 5319 5918 5318 5916 5416 5917 5914 5914 581< 581; 5819 5818 5816 54 5319 5416 5414 531< 531; 531: 5318 L +Z2p5, 3 5: 5: 4; 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 wlhpsr +krud, 4418; Shvr +j, 4419: 4513; 4514: 45158 45166 45175 45183 4518; 4519: 5815 5916 441;6 45133 +F, 5914 441:8 441<5 W 5915 636 5915 5914 5914 59 59 59 581< 5418 3 4714: 3 47166 3 47183 3 4719: 531: 5418 5417 5417 5416 5416 5415 5718 58 5718 3 4713; 3 3 47175 3 4718; 3 48158 3 48175 531: 5319 4814: 3 48166 3 633 551: 5519 5518 48183 551; 5619 5618 5619 46183 4618; 4619: 461:8 461;6 461<5 47133 561< 561; 561: 5619 5316 5316 5315 5315 5316 5618 5414 5615 531; 5617 54 3 4913; 3 4914: 3 49166 3 49183 3 4919: 3 49158 3 49175 3 4918; 48; 3 54 531: 3 3 3 5614 561< 3 5317 481<5 46175 3 561: 3 49133 3 3 5317 3 5318 3 5316 57 5317 5319 3 5619 46158 57 5314 3 3 5619 481;6 53 3 5316 4818; 46166 5314 3 5618 5618 3 3 5315 3 3 5319 5318 5316 3 531< 5716 5714 5317 3 5618 4613; 4614: 5317 5619 4813; 531; 551; 3 48133 3 3 551; 5318 5319 53 471<4 5418 551< +Z2p5, 5619 3 3 5616 L +F, 471;6 471:8 3 +F, Wek 5314 5414 54 +j, W 5518 3 5414 Shvr 47158 5415 531< 451<5 46133 +krud, 581: 5818 wlhpsr +Z2p5, 5414 581; L +F, 581< 451:8 451;6 Wek 5614 5618 5617 5614 5618 5715 5714 5714 57 53 5319 531: 531: 531: 531: 5319 5319 5318 5318 5317 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 wlhpsr +krud, 491:8 491;6 491<5 4:133 4:13; 4:14: Shvr +j, W +F, 57 57 57 57 57 57 Wek 5317 3 4<19: 5317 3 4<1;6 5514 4<19 3 5316 3 53133 55 4<19 3 5317 5317 5316 4:175 5519 5316 4:183 4:18; 4:19: 4:1:8 4:1;6 4:1<5 4;133 4;13; 5519 5518 5314 5517 53 5517 5516 5515 5514 5514 4;183 541; 4;18; 4;19: 4;1:8 4;1;6 4;1<5 4<133 4<13; 4<14: 4<158 4<166 5314 5518 4;14: 4;158 5315 55 541; 541: 541: 5419 5419 5515 5519 53 4<1< 4<1; 4<1: 4<1< 4<19 4<19 4<1; 5314 5318 5317 5316 5315 5315 5518 5314 5517 53 5517 53 3 4<18; 3 4<1:8 3 4<1<4 3 5313; 3 5314: 3 53158 3 53166 3 53175 3 53183 3 5318; 3 5319: 3 531:8 3 531;6 3 531<5 3 54133 3 5413; 3 5414: 3 54158 3 54166 3 54175 3 54183 3 5418; 3 5419: 3 541:8 3 55158 48< 5516 5516 5515 5514 5514 55 541; 541< 541; 541; 541: 541: 541: 5419 5419 5419 541: 541: 541: 541: 541: 541: 5419 5514 551; 551; 551; 5718 +F, L 4<183 4<175 +F, Wek 3 3 +j, W 5317 5317 +krud, Shvr +Z2p5, 561< 5618 wlhpsr +F, 4:158 4:166 L 4<1< 4<1< 4<1; 4<1: 4<1: 4<19 4<18 4<18 4<17 4<17 4<18 4<18 5318 5317 5317 5317 5318 5318 5318 5318 5318 5318 5317 5317 5317 5317 5317 5514 +Z2p5, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5: 69 wlhpsr +krud, 55166 Shvr +j, 55175 55183 W +F, +Z2p5, 5718 531< 5: 5719 5414 5718 5519: 571: 551;6 5814 551:8 58 551<5 581: 56133 5919 5613; 591: 5614: 5819 56175 5:15 56158 56183 5618; 5: 5;8 59 5714: 57158 57166 57175 57183 5417 5418 5419 6319 6717 6414 6314 661: 6419 6816 6818 78 :6 5717 53< 5714 5818 5717 581; 59 59183 5:133 5:13; <4 578 56< 5;158 579 5;166 597 493 +F, 5916 5816 5818 5819 5717 5717 5718 5717 5<19 581: 5;19 5;1: 561< 561; 6419 56 6:1: 5<1: 563 L 561: 6419 5;14: Wek 6615 651; 5;13; 5<5 6617 6514 5;133 6;6 7316 6619 5:1<5 488 8316 681; 5:1;6 469 661< 7:18 5:1:8 6<5 6:14 7:17 5:19: 479 6:1< 6814 5:166 5:18; 7318 661< 5:158 5:183 +F, 6816 5:14: 5:175 W 6915 59175 5<5 4:6 588 59166 :6 57 +j, 59158 ;5 5517 Shvr 5914: ;5 433 5717 5913; :6 5515 5914 59133 88 :6 5719 581<5 5: 5514 5517 +krud, 5: 43< 541< wlhpsr 5: 5518 5617 6417 5713; 5416 5< 561;6 57133 54 561; 5;1; 561<5 5414 5:1; 5619: 561:8 L +F, 5719 5518; Wek 58 5615 561: 5616 551< 5519 +Z2p5, 66: 5<5 5;5 5:7 579 54< 579 579 ;;7 65; <9: 76; 579 534 5<5 6:6 497 579 5:7 597 53< 488 5<17 5516 488 5918 5318 ;6 5:18 55 ;6 Ds hqglfh I Eleolrjudid 494 Eleolrjudid ^4` D1 I1 Dqvdogl | Y1 H1 Ilhuur1 Ghvduuroor gh xq surwrwlsr gh vlpxodgru vrodu hvwdflrqdulr1 Lqiruph qdo gho Wudedmr gh Oderudwrulr LL/ Ghsduwdphqwr gh Ixhqwhv Uhqrydeohv | XUH0Glylvl rq Hqhujd Vrodu/ Oderudwrulr Wdqgdu/ FQHD1/ 4<<51 ^5` P1 Frqgru| O1 Vdudyld1 Vhfdghur lqyhuqdghur vrodu keulgr gh surgxffl rq frqwlqxd1 DVDGHV~DOH/ Od Sodwd/ 4<<61 ^6` U1 Frxjkolq | I1 Glvfrol1 Flufxlwrv Olqhdohv | Dpsolfdgruhv Rshudflrqd0 ohv1 Suhqwlfh Kdoo/ 4<;:1 ^7` U1 Hfkd} x/ Y1 Sdvvdpdl/ | O1 Vdudyld1 Vhfdgr vrodu sdvlyr sdud slplhqwr1 DVDGHV/ V1 Oxlv/ 4<;91 ^8` P1 Iruwhv | P1 U1 Rnrv1 Gu|lqj wkhrulhv= wkhlu edvhv dqg olplwdwlrqv dv dssolhg wr irrg dqg judlqv1 Dgy1 lq Gu|lqj/ 4/ 4<;41 ^9` M1 Kreelh1 Sv|fkurphwulf fdofxodwru1 Lq Fdofxodwru Surgxfwv Glylvlrq1 Wh{dv Lqvwuxphqw/ 4<:<1 ^:` I1 S1 Lqfurshud | G1 S1 Gh Zlww1 Ixqgdphqwdov ri Khdw dqg Pdvv Wudqvihu1 Zloh|/ 4<<31 ^;` M1 O1 Prqwhlwk | P1 Xqvzruw1 Sulqflsohv ri Hqylurqphqwdo Sk|vlfv1 Hg0 zdug Duqrog/ 4<<51 ^<` D1 V1 Pxmxpgdu1 Kdqgerrn ri Lqgxvwuldo Gu|lqj1 Pdufho Ghnnhu/ Q1 \1/ 4<;:1 495 ^43` Y1 Sdvvdpdl | G1 Kr|rv1 Frqyhuvl rq gh xqd edodq}d phf dqlfd hq hohfwurqlfd1 DID/ Yro1 6/ Wxfxp dq/ 4<<41 ^44` Y1 Sdvvdpdl | O1 Vdudyld1 Suxhedv gh vhfdgr hq xq htxlsr gh oderudwrulr1 DVDGHV/ Fdwdpdufd/ 4<<51 ^45` Y1 Sdvvdpdl/ O1 Vdudyld/ F1 Dyhflood/ K1 Ghvwhidqlv/ | U1 Pdffkl1 Xqd h{shulhqfld gh wudqvihuhqfld gh whfqrorjd sdud vhfdgr vrodu1 DVDGHV/ Vdowd/ 4<;;1 ^46` Y1 M1 Sdvvdpdl1 Lqiruph gh ehfd h{whuqd +FRQLFHW,1 Whfkqlfdo uhsruw/ UXE/ Dohpdqld/ 4<;61 ^47` Y1 M1 Sdvvdpdl1 Uhvlvwhqfld joredo sdud ho vhfdgr gh surgxfwrv yhjhwdohv1 DVDGHV/ V1 Oxlv/ 4<;91 ^48` O1 Vdudyld | P1 Frqgru1 Vhfdgru lqyhuqdghur gh wlsr w xqho1 DVDGHV/ Fdwdpdufd/ 4<<51 ^49` O1 Vdudyld/ U1 Hfkd} x/ I1 Jxhuuhur/ P1 F1 Judpdmr/ Jdufd/ | D1 Ideulv1 Vhfdgr gh slplhqwrv= Hqvd|rv suholplqduhv/ frqvwuxffl rq | hqvd|r gh xqd sodqwd slorwr1 DVDGHV/ V1 Urvd/ Od Sdpsd/ 4<;61 ^4:` O1 Vdudyld/ Y1 Sdvvdpdl/ | U1 Hfkd} x1 Vhfdgr vrodu gh slplhqwrv= Uhvxo0 wdgrv h{shulphqwdohv | vx vlpxodfl rq1 DVDGHV/ V1 Mxdq/ 4<;71 ^4;` M1 Wkuhonhog1 Lqjhqlhud gho dpelwr whuplfr1 Suhqwlfh0Kdoo/ 4<:61 ^4<` U1 Wuh|edo1 Rshudflrqhv gh wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd1 PfJudz0Kloo/ Phmlfr/ 4<;31 ^53` J1 N1 Ydjhqdv/ G1 Pdulqrv Nrxulv/ | J1 G1 Vdudydfrv1 Dq dqdo|vlv ri pdvv wudqvihu lq dlu0gu|lqj ri irrgv1 Gu|lqj Whfkqrorj|/ ;/ 4<<31 ^54` H1 Yhujdud1 Txplfd Jhqhudo1 Hohphqwrv gh Ivlfrtxlplfd1 Wrpr LL1 XQW/ 4<:31 ^55` Y1 M1 Sdvvdpdl | rwurv1 Ixqfl rq hpsulfd sdud od wudqvihuhqfld gh pdvd gxudqwh ho vhfdgr gh wdedfr ylujlqld1 Fkhp10Lqj1 Whfk1/ 89+43,/ 4<;71 496 ^56` P1 Z1 ]hpdqvn| | U1 K1 Glwwpdq1 Khdw dqg Wkhuprg|qdplfv1 PfJudz0 Kloo/ 4<;41 ^57` P1 Z1 ]hpdqvn| | K1 F1 Ydq Qhvv1 Whuprglq dplfd Whfqlfd Ixqgdphqwdo1 Djxlodu/ 4<:51 497