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IRENE LUNGO RODRÍGUEZ
Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades de El Salvador
[email protected]
Revista Realidad 120, 2009
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NOTAS
1
2
278
No existe un acuerdo entre los
historiadores sobre la cifra exacta
de los indígenas y campesinos masacrados en los días posteriores a la
Revuelta. Las estimaciones transitan
entre 10 mil (Anderson, 2001) y 30
mil (Gordon, 1989). Por otra parte,
cabe destacar que a partir de eso se
construye un imaginario en torno al
comunismo que permeó la política
salvadoreña, y que continúa vigente
en los discursos políticos hasta la
actualidad, aún cuando han pasado
más de quince años desde la caída
del muro de Berlín y de los países
socialistas de la Europa del Este. 2.
Se habla de reformas económicas,
sociales y políticas, y de gestión
ambiental
Tal como se señala en el segundo
capítulo del presente trabajo, este
periodo no constituye una fase homogénea, por lo cual no se puede
hablar de una "dictadura militar".
Sin embargo, si se pueden observar
suficientes elementos de continuidad entre los diferentes gobiernos
presididos por los militares (Walter y
Williams, 1993), por lo cual permite
ubicar dicho periodo como un bloque dentro de la historia salvadoreña.
3
En este marco, el FMLN luego de
un proceso de inserción al sistema
político como partido legal, se
vuelve un actor político clave de
oposición, tornándose en la segunda
fuerza electoral. No obstante, no ha
sido capaz de acceder al poder central o a controlar el poder legislativo,
elemento que limita su injerencia
sobre las principales políticas que se
desarrollan en el país.
4
Entre los que destacan Armando
Calderón Sol, presidente de EL
Salvador en el periodo 1994 - 1999,
y Alfredo Mena Lagos, uno de los
principales ideólogos del partido.
5
Los escuadrones de la muerte constituyen estructuras preliminares orientadas a combatir la insurgencia ligada
al "consumismo" (Zamora, 1998).
6
Luego de la firma de los Acuerdos de
Paz, la Comisión de la Verdad, que se
crea como producto del tratado, señala al mayor Roberto D´Aubuisson
como el autor intelectual del asesinato
de Monseñor Romero.
7
Los reportajes fueron elaborados
por Giovanni Galeas y publicados en
diez entregas por la Prensa Gráfica,
de agosto a octubre del año 2004.
Castillos de ARENA
Hegemonía y proyecto de derecha en la posguerra salvadoreña
9
Participan por primera vez aquellos
actores que habían sido históricamente excluidos del sistema político. De esta forma la antigua fuerza
revolucionaria tiene la posibilidad
de disputar el poder mediante un
proceso electoral dentro de una
nueva institucionalidad democrática
procedimental.
también denominado consenso de
Santiago, llevada a cabo en 1998.
10. Esta ideología se caracteriza por la
defensa de valores ligados a un nacionalismo decimonónico ya valores
cristianos. Esta se expresa en el lema
que ARENA retoma del MLN, partido ultra conservador guatemalteco:
Dios, Patria y Libertad.
Revista Realidad 120, 2009
8
Al respecto véase los resultados de
la segunda cumbre de las Américas,
Castillos de ARENA
Hegemonía y proyecto de derecha en la posguerra salvadoreña
279