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SALVADOR ORLANDO ALFARO
Departamento de Sociología y Estudios Sociales
Universidad de Regina, Canadá
Revista Realidad 120, 2009
Políticas educativas y
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NOTAS
1
292
Ambos economistas estadounidenses se hicieron acreedores al Premio
Nobel de Economía. Schultz en
1979 y Becker en 1992.
2
La economía de la educación concibe
al desarrollo económico de un país,
como un proceso generalizado de
acumulación de capital físico y humano, donde la educación tiene un lugar
muy importante, precisamente en la
conformación del capital humano.
3
Agencias gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas, y organizaciones
internacionales como el Banco Mundial, Fondo Monetario Internacional
y otras participan en forma activa en
la promoción del capital humano. La
teoría fue ampliamente difundida a
través del patrocinio de publicaciones, conferencias internacionales y
consultas con destacados responsables de la planificación educativa.
4
En la teoría de Schultz, que pretende
la universalidad de su teoría de capital humano, cuando obviamente está
vinculada una realidad concreta determinada; es decir, a determinados
parámetros, políticos, económicos y
sociales. Donde no se han dado eso
parámetros, como es en Latinoamérica, la teoría se vuelve ideología.
5
El concepto de competencias surge
en el ámbito de la psicología estadounidense de corte estructuralista
vinculada a técnicas empresariales.
La estructura básica del modelo de
competencias surgió del Estudio de
la Motivación Humana de David
McClleland en los albores de la segunda guerra mundial.
Políticas educativas y el modelo de desarrollo dominante:
un acercamiento crítico