Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos

Anuncio
Criterio jurídico garantista
134
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto
de los derechos fundamentales: reacciones judiciales
europeas y respuesta de Naciones Unidas*
Blacklists terrorism and respect for fundamental rights:
European judicial reactions and response of the UN
5260(5/,1(6783,f$16,/9$
Universidad de Valencia (España)
5(680(1
$%675$&7
(VWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQHVWXGLDODHYROXFLyQGHODMXULVSUXGHQFLD
HXURSHDHQPDWHULDGHJDUDQWtDV\HMHUFLFLRGHORVGHUHFKRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQEDMRVX
MXULVGLFFLyQ\TXHKDQVLGRLQFOXLGDVHQODVOLVWDVLQWHUQDFLR
QDOHV\FRELMDGDVFRQPHGLGDVGHOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR
(ODQiOLVLVLQFOX\HODGHVFULSFLyQGHODVPHGLGDVDGRSWDGDV
SRUHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVFRQ
VLVWHQWHVHQODDGRSFLyQGHXQDOLVWDFRQVROLGDGDDVtFRPR
ODVUHDFFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSD\GHOD8QLyQ(XURSHD
TXHVLUYLHURQFRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDDODVUHIRUPDVHQHO
VHQRGHOVLVWHPDRQXVLDQR/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQILQDOL]DFRQXQD
FRQFOXVLyQJHQHUDOGHODDXWRUD
7KLVUHVHDUFKVWXGLHVWKHHYROXWLRQRI (XURSHDQFDVHODZRQ
JXDUDQWHHVDQGWKHH[HUFLVHRI IXQGDPHQWDOULJKWVRI SHU
VRQVXQGHUWKHLUMXULVGLFWLRQWKDWKDYHEHHQLQFOXGHGLQWKH
LQWHUQDWLRQDOOLVWVDQGWKDWKDYHEHHQDIIHFWHGZLWKPHDVXUHV
WRFRPEDWWHUURULVP7KHDQDO\VLVLQFOXGHVDGHVFULSWLRQRI WKHPHDVXUHVWDNHQE\WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLORI WKH8QLWHG
1DWLRQVLQYROYLQJWKHDGRSWLRQRI DFRQVROLGDWHGOLVWDQG
WKHUHDFWLRQVRI WKH&RXQFLORI (XURSHDQGWKH(XURSHDQ
8QLRQ WKDW VHUYHG DV D VWDUWLQJ SRLQW IRU UHIRUPV LQ WKH
ZLWKLQ81V\VWHP7KHUHVHDUFKFRQFOXGHVZLWKDJHQHUDO
FRQFOXVLRQRI WKHDXWKRU
3$/$%5$6&/$9(VHJXULGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDOOLVWDVQHJUDV
&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVMXULVSUXGHQFLDHXURSHDGHUHFKRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHV
.(<:25'6LQWHUQDWLRQDOVHFXULW\EODFNOLVWVWKH6DQF
WLRQV &RPPLWWHH (XURSHDQ FDVH ODZ IXQGDPHQWDO
ULJKWV
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQ
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQ
(VWHDUWtFXORSUHVHQWDORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQLQpGLWDUHDOL]DGDSRUODDXWRUDHQHOPDUFRGHORVFXUVRVGH'URLWGHOD
VHFXULWpLQWHUQDWLRQDOHHQHOVHQRGHOD8QLYHUVLWp&DWKROLTXHGH/\RQ)UDQFLD/DVDFWXDOL]DFLRQHVSRVWHULRUHVKDQVLGR
GHELGDPHQWHHIHFWXDGDV\VHKDKHFKRXQDWUDGXFFLyQOLEUHGHODVIXHQWHVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQHQIUDQFpV\HQLQJOpV
$ERJDGDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG,QGXVWULDOGH6DQWDQGHU&RORPELD'($HQ'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDO\5HODFLRQHV,QWHUQDFLRQDOHVGH
OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOHQFLD(VSDxD0iVWHU2ILFLDOHQ&RRSHUDFLyQDO'HVDUUROORFRQHVSHFLDOLGDGHQ0RYLPLHQWRV0LJUDWRULRV
GHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOHQFLD(VSDxD0iVWHU/LEUHHQ'URLW,QWHUQDWLRQDOGHV'URLWVGHO·+RPPHGHO·8QLYHUVLWp&DWKROLTXH
GH/\RQ)UDQFLD0iVWHUG·eWDWHQ'URLW3XEOLFVSpFLDOLWp+LVWRLUHWKpRULHHWSUDWLTXHGHVGURLWVGHO·KRPPHGHO·8QLYHUVLWq
3LHUUH0HQGHV)UDQFH)UDQFLD\GRFWRUDHQ'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOHQFLD(VSDxD
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
135
Introducción
/RVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVRQFRQVLGHUDGRVFRPRIXQGDPHQWDOHVSRUODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVHQDGHODQWH
218\HOSUHiPEXORGHVXWUDWDGRFRQVWLWXWLYRHQDGHODQWH´OD&DUWDµVHxDODVLQDPELJHGDGFRPR
XQRGHVXVSURSyVLWRV´FUHDUFRQGLFLRQHVEDMRODVFXDOHVSXHGDQPDQWHQHUVHODMXVWLFLD\HOUHVSHWRD
ODVREOLJDFLRQHVHPDQDGDVGHORVWUDWDGRV\GHRWUDVIXHQWHVGHO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOµ
/RVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVRQLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHQFXDQWRTXHVLHQGRXQLYHUVDOHVVHDSOLFDQDWRGDVODV
SHUVRQDV6LQHPEDUJRHO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOUHODWLYRDORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVVHUHILHUHSULQFL
SDOPHQWHDODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHORV(VWDGRVFRQUHVSHFWRDORVKDELWDQWHVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQHQHOVHQR
GHVXMXULVGLFFLyQ\KDFHpQIDVLVHQHOKHFKRGHTXHWDOHVREOLJDFLRQHVVRQGHQDWXUDOH]D´LQWHUQDFLR
QDOµDXQTXHVXDSOLFDFLyQVHDSULQFLSDOPHQWHLQWHUQD$VtODVREOLJDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVVHDFWLYDQ
FXDQGRORV(VWDGRVQRDOFDQ]DQDJDUDQWL]DUHOGLVIUXWHGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVHQHOVHQRGHVX
MXULVGLFFLyQGHELGRDTXHpVWDVQRVHOLPLWDQDODVIURQWHUDVQDFLRQDOHV
.(17*(25*(6/HVREOLJDWLRQVGHVRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQWHUJRXYHUQHPHQWDOHVGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHVGURLWVGHO·KRPPHChronique, pGLWLRQ
HQOLJQHGH1DWLRQV8QLHVSiU(QKWWSZZZXQRUJIUHQFKSXEVFKURQLTXHQXPHURSKWPOFRQVXOWDGR
Criterio jurídico garantista
136
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
(VWDUHODFLyQVXEUD\DODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVHQWUHORVGHUHFKRVQDFLRQDOHV\ODVREOLJDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQD
OHVHQPDWHULDGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV'HVGHOD'HFODUDFLyQ8QLYHUVDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVHQ
DGHODQWH'8'+ORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVHKDQH[WHQGLGRDOSODQRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\VHKDQLQWHJUDGRHQ
HORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRGHORV(VWDGRVDWUDYpVGHODFRQVWLWXFLyQ\ODOH\
(Q(XURSDODSURWHFFLyQGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVIXHDGRSWDGDDWUDYpVGHO&RQYHQLR(XURSHRSDUDOD
6DOYDJXDUGLDGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV\ODV/LEHUWDGHV)XQGDPHQWDOHVHQDGHODQWH&('+ILUPDGR
HQ5RPDHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH(QHVWHVHQWLGRHO &('+HMHUFHXQDLQIOXHQFLDTXHVREUHSDVDOD
PHUDSURWHFFLyQEiVLFD\FRQWULEX\HDOUHIXHU]RGHORUGHQDPLHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDO(VWH&RQYHQLRUH
GXFHODKLSyWHVLVGHODJXQDV\ODVSURKLELFLRQHVGHGHQHJDFLyQGHMXVWLFLDSDUWLFLSDQGRGHHVWHPRGR
HQODVGHFLVLRQHVMXGLFLDOHVLQWHUQDVODVFXDOHVGHEHQUHVSHWDUHOPDUFRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRQYHQFLRQDO\
FRQVXHWXGLQDULRHQODPDWHULD
6LQHPEDUJRHVWHPDUFRGHREOLJDFLRQHVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVQRSXHGHKDFHUDEVWUDFFLyQGHOKHFKRGHTXH
GHVSXpVGHHO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOYLHQHDVLVWLHQGRDXQUHH[DPHQGHOHTXLOLEULRHQWUHOD
VHJXULGDGQDFLRQDO\ODVOLEHUWDGHVLQGLYLGXDOHV
(VDVtTXHHODUWtFXOR &('+SUHYpXQDSRVLELOLGDGGHGHURJDFLyQGHFLHUWDVREOLJDFLRQHVLQWHU
QDFLRQDOHVHQPDWHULDGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVFXDQGRXQGDxRS~EOLFRH[FHSFLRQDODPHQDFHODYLGDGH
ODQDFLyQ´HQODHVWULFWDPHGLGDHQTXHODVLWXDFLyQORH[LJHµ\EDMR´UHVHUYDGHRWUDVREOLJDFLRQHV
GHULYDGDVGHO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOµ
+DFLHQGRDOXVLyQDODIUDJLOLGDGGHHVWHHTXLOLEULRODUHVROXFLyQ$GHOD 218
UHFXHUGD OD REOLJDFLyQ GH ORV (VWDGRV GH YHODU SRUTXH WRGD PHGLGD WRPDGD SDUD OXFKDU FRQWUD HO
WHUURULVPRUHVSHWHODVREOLJDFLRQHVGH'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOHQSDUWLFXODUDTXHOODVUHODWLYDVDORV
'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVHO'HUHFKRGHORVUHIXJLDGRV\HO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDO+XPDQLWDULR\´UXHJD
DORV(VWDGRVVHQVLELOL]DUDODVDXWRULGDGHVQDFLRQDOHVHQFDUJDGDVGHODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR
DFHUFDGHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHWDOHVREOLJDFLRQHVµ
'HHVWDPDQHUDVLQGHVFRQRFHUDORV(VWDGRVXQJUDQSRGHUGLVFUHFLRQDOHQODDGRSFLyQGHPHGLGDV
DQWLWHUURULVWDVODPD\RUSDUWHGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGH'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOUHODWLYRVDORVGHUHFKRV
KXPDQRVSUHYpQLJXDOPHQWHTXHFLHUWRVGHUHFKRVQRSXHGHQVHUGHURJDGRVQLVLTXLHUDHQVLWXDFLyQ
GHXUJHQFLDHVWDGRVGHH[FHSFLyQ
0$5&+$/',(5)$%,(1Les objectifs généraux du droit international privé à l’épreuve de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme,
7KqVH%UX\ODQW6WUDVERXUJS
(OPLVPRSULQFLSLRHVWiFRQVDJUDGRHQHODUWtFXORGHO3DFWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOUHODWLYRDORVGHUHFKRVFLYLOHV\SROtWLFRVGHGH
PDU]RGH3RUVXSDUWHHQHODUWtFXORGHOD&RQYHQFLyQ$PHULFDQDVREUHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVFRQVDJUDODH[FHSFLyQGH
UHVWULFFLyQGHFLHUWRVGHUHFKRVHJUDUWtFXORV\&$'+FRQIRUPHDOH\HVTXHVHGLFWDUHQSRUUD]RQHVGHLQWHUpVJHQHUDO
\FRQHOSURSyVLWRSDUDHOFXDOKDQVLGRHVWDEOHFLGDV
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
137
/DOLVWDGHGHUHFKRVTXHQRDGPLWHQGHURJDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOSDUiJUDIRGHODUWtFXORGHO3DFWR
,QWHUQDFLRQDOUHODWLYRDORV'HUHFKRV&LYLOHV\3ROtWLFRVHQDGHODQWH3,'&36HWUDWDHVHQFLDOPHQWH
GHOGHUHFKRDODYLGDDUWODSURKLELFLyQGHODWRUWXUDRGHORVWUDWRVFUXHOHVLQKXPDQRVRGHJUD
GDQWHVDUWGHODLQWHUGLFFLyQGHODHVFODYLWXGGHODWUDWDGHHVFODYRV\GHODVHUYLGXPEUHSDUHW
GHO·DUWLFOHGHODSURKLELFLyQGHODSULVLyQSRUGHXGDVDUWGHODSURKLELFLyQGHOH\HVSHQDOHV
UHWURDFWLYDVDUWGHOGHUHFKRGHWRGDSHUVRQDDOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHVXSHUVRQDOLGDGMXUtGLFDDUW
\GHODOLEHUWDGGHSHQVDPLHQWRFRQFLHQFLD\UHOLJLyQDUW
(Q(XURSDHQQXPHURVRVFDVRVDQWHMXULVGLFFLRQHVHVWDWDOHV\DQWHHO7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHODV&RPX
QLGDGHV(XURSHDVHQDGHODQWH7-&(ODFXHVWLyQVREUHODDSOLFDELOLGDG\HOOXJDUTXHRFXSDHO'HUHFKR
,QWHUQDFLRQDOHQHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRLQWHUQRKDVLGRDPSOLDPHQWHGHVDUUROODGDVXEUD\DQGRORV
GHEDWHVTXHVLJXHQYLJHQWHVVREUHHODOFDQFHGHORVOtPLWHVTXHHO'HUHFKRQDFLRQDOSXHGHRSRQHUDO
'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO(QFRQWUDUHOHTXLOLEULRHQWUHODVHJXULGDGQDFLRQDOODVHJXULGDGKXPDQD\
ODVOLEHUWDGHVLQGLYLGXDOHVEDMRDPHQD]DGHOWHUURULVPRHVODFXHVWLyQTXHRFXSDHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\
TXHEXVFDUHVSXHVWDHQODVSUiFWLFDVGHOD218DVtFRPRHQODDFFLyQGHODVMXULVGLFFLRQHVQDFLRQDOHV
\UHJLRQDOHVHXURSHDV
3RUORWDQWRHOPDUFRMXUtGLFRGHOD218HQPDWHULDGHOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPRVHUiH[DPLQDGR
\FRQIURQWDGRFRQODVSULPHUDVUHDFFLRQHVGHVGHODYLVLyQHXURSHD,(VWHDQiOLVLVVHUHYHODUiFRPR
XQDQWHFHGHQWHGHH[WUHPDLPSRUWDQFLDHQODHYROXFLyQGHODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHDHQ
DGHODQWH8(\HQODHYROXFLyQGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVDSOLFDGRVSRUOD218HQPDWHULDGHH[SXOVLyQGH
QRPEUHVGHODOLVWDGHSHUVRQDVYLQFXODGDVDOWHUURULVPR,,
Las listas negras del terrorismo: el marco onusiano de la relación “seguridad y derechos fundamentales”
3DUDFRPSUHQGHUHOGHOLFDGRHTXLOLEULRHQWUHODVHJXULGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDO\HO(VWDGRGH'HUHFKRHV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVWXGLDUHOSDSHOGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHOD218HQDGHODQWH´&RQVHMRGH6HJXUL
GDGµHQODHODERUDFLyQGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPR$\ODVSULPHUDVUHDFFLRQHVHXURSHDVFRQ
UHVSHFWRDODSURWHFFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV%
%LPAPELDEL#ONSEJODE3EGURIDADENLALUCHACONTRAELTERRORISMO
(OGHRFWXEUHGHHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGDSUREyODUHVROXFLyQ 65(6RF
WXEUHHQDGHODQWHUHVROXFLyQHQODTXHHQSDUWLFXODUFRQGHQDHOWHUURULVPR\SLGHOD
SHUVHFXFLyQGH2VDPDELQ/DGHQ\ORVWDOLEDQHVHQHOWHUULWRULRGH$IJDQLVWiQ3DUDJDUDQWL]DUHO
FXPSOLPLHQWRGHHVWDREOLJDFLyQHOSiUUDIREGHODUHVROXFLyQHVWDEOHFLyTXHWRGRVORV
Criterio jurídico garantista
138
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
(VWDGRVHQSDUWLFXODU
E&RQJHODUiQORVIRQGRV\RWURVUHFXUVRVILQDQFLHURVLQFOXLGRVORVIRQGRVSURGXFLGRVRJHQHUDGRVSRU
ELHQHVGHSURSLHGDGGHORVWDOLEDQHVREDMRVXFRQWUROGLUHFWRRLQGLUHFWRRGHFXDOTXLHUHPSUHVDGHSUR
SLHGDGGHORVWDOLEDQHVREDMRVXFRQWUROTXHGHVLJQHHO&RPLWpHVWDEOHFLGRHQYLUWXGGHOSiUUDIRLQIUD
\YHODUiQSRUTXHQLGLFKRVIRQGRVQLQLQJ~QRWURIRQGRRUHFXUVRILQDQFLHURDVtGHVLJQDGRVHDIDFLOLWDGR
SRUVXVQDFLRQDOHVRFXDOTXLHURWUDSHUVRQDGHQWURGHVXWHUULWRULRDORVWDOLEDQHVRHQEHQHILFLRGHHOORVR
FXDOTXLHUHPSUHVDGHSURSLHGDGGHORVWDOLEDQHVREDMRVXFRQWUROGLUHFWRRLQGLUHFWRH[FHSWRORVTXHSXHGD
DXWRUL]DUHO&RPLWpHQFDGDFDVRSRUUD]RQHVGHQHFHVLGDGKXPDQLWDULD
(QHOSiUUDIRGHODUHVROXFLyQHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHFLGLyHVWDEOHFHUGHFRQIRUPL
GDGFRQHODUWtFXORGHVXUHJODPHQWRSURYLVLRQDOXQ&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVHQDGHODQWH´&RPLWpGH
6DQFLRQHVµHQFDUJDGRHQSDUWLFXODUGHYHODUSRUODDSOLFDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHORV(VWDGRVGHODV
PHGLGDVLPSXHVWDVSRUHOSiUUDIRGHVLJQDUORVIRQGRVXRWURVUHFXUVRVILQDQFLHURVDTXHVHUHILHUH
HODSDUWDGR\H[DPLQDUODVVROLFLWXGHVGHH[HQFLyQGHODVPHGLGDVLPSXHVWDVSRUHOSiUUDIR
(VWDUHVROXFLyQKDVLGRGHVDUUROODGD\DFWXDOL]DGDSRUODVUHVROXFLRQHV65(6
GLFLHPEUH 65(6HQHUR 65(6HQHUR 65(6
MXQLR65(6GLFLHPEUH\65(6MXQLR
5HVXOWDXQOXJDUFRP~QDILUPDUTXHGHVGHHODxRODOHJLVODFLyQQDFLRQDOFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPRVH
KDPXOWLSOLFDGR\HODOFDQFHGHODSURWHFFLyQGHODVOLEHUWDGHV\ORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVHKDOLPLWDGR
HQQRPEUHGHORVLQWHUHVHVQDFLRQDOHVGHVHJXULGDGS~EOLFD
(QQRPEUHGHGLFKDVHJXULGDGOOHYDGDDHVFDODLQWHUQDFLRQDOOD 218DGRSWyXQVLVWHPDGHOLVWDVGH
SHUVRQDVQDWXUDOHV\MXUtGLFDVVRVSHFKRVDVGHWHQHUYtQFXORVFRQHOWHUURULVPRHQDGHODQWH´OLVWDV
QHJUDVµHQSULQFLSLRFRQUHVSHFWRD$O4DLGD\ORVWDOLEDQHVFRQWUDODVFXDOHVORV(VWDGRVGHEHQ
LPSRQHUVDQFLRQHVILQDQFLHUDV\UHVWULFFLRQHVDORVYLDMHVHQHOH[WUDQMHUR
(O&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGDGRSWyODUHVROXFLyQVHSWLHPEUHGHVSXpVGHORVDWDTXHVFRQWUD
ORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVSDUDGDUXQPDUFRJHQHUDODODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPRHQODPLVPDGLUHFFLyQ
TXHODUHVROXFLyQFRQWUDORVWDOLEDQHVSHURFRQXQiPELWRPiVDPSOLR(VWDUHVROXFLyQPHQFLRQDXQD
VRODYH]ORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHQUHODFLyQFRQORVUHIXJLDGRV
(QODSUiFWLFDODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGKDQVLGRODEDVHGHQXPHURVRVGHVDUUROORV
MXUtGLFRVHVWDWDOHVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR/DDGRSFLyQGHOLVWDVQHJUDVGHO
&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGKDLPSXOVDGRHQDOJXQRVFDVRVFRPRHQHO5HLQR8QLGRODDGRSFLyQGHOLVWDV
QHJUDVQDFLRQDOHVRFRPRHQOD8(ODDGRSFLyQGHOLVWDVQHJUDVVXEUHJLRQDOHV
(QHOPDUFRGHODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPRHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGDERUGySRUSULPHUDYH]OD
FXHVWLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHODVSHUVRQDVLQVFULWDVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDVHQODUHVROXFLyQ
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
139
65(6GLFLHPEUH(OOtPLWHGHHVWDDOXVLyQHVHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRHQHOSiUUDIRGHOD
UHVROXFLyQGHXQDOLVWDGHH[HQFLRQHV\H[FHSFLRQHVDODFRQJHODFLyQGHIRQGRV\UHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRV
LPSXHVWDVSRUODVUHVROXFLRQHV\SRUPRWLYRVKXPDQLWDULRVSDJRGHDORMD
PLHQWRFRPLGDPHGLFDPHQWRVJDVWRVGHGHIHQVDSDJRGHKLSRWHFDVHQWUHRWURV(VWDVH[FHSFLRQHV
\H[HQFLRQHVHVWiQOODPDGDVDVHUDSOLFDGDVSRUSDUWHGHORV(VWDGRVFRQVXMHFLyQDODDSUREDFLyQGHO
&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV
(QODSUiFWLFDODDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWDVUHVROXFLRQHVSURGXMRFRPRUHVXOWDGRXQJUDQYDFtRMXUtGLFRHQ
PDWHULDGHUHVSHWRDO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV/DVJUDQGHVFRQWURYHUVLDVVH
YLHURQUHIOHMDGDVHQODVSULPHUDVSURSXHVWDVLQWHUHVWDWDOHVGHUHIRUPDHQFDEH]DGDVSRU6XL]DSUHVHQ
WDGDVDO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQMXOLRGHGHVWLQDGDVDPHMRUDUORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHVDQFLRQHV
SDUDWRPDUHQFXHQWDORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHORVDIHFWDGRV
'HVGHOXHJRODVUHDFFLRQHVGHORV(VWDGRVVREUHHOSODQRLQWHUQDFLRQDOWLHQHQVXRULJHQHQSURIXQGRV
GHEDWHVLQWHUQRV\HQHOFDVRGH(XURSDUHJLRQDOHV
(QHIHFWRHQ(XURSDH[LVWHQGRVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVTXHSXHGHQVHUOODPDGDVDSURQXQFLDUVHHQODPD
WHULD'HXQDSDUWHHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDFRPRRUJDQL]DFLyQHXURSHDGHSURWHFFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRV
KXPDQRV\ODVOLEHUWDGHVIXQGDPHQWDOHV\GHRWUDSDUWHOD8(FRPRRUJDQL]DFLyQVXEUHJLRQDO
(VWDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVLPSOLFDGDVHQODGREOHSURWHFFLyQVHJXULGDG\GHUHFKRVKXPDQRVKDQUHDOL]DGR
DSUR[LPDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHVGHOVXMHWRVHJ~QVXVFRPSHWHQFLDV\OLPLWDFLRQHV%
%LALCANCEDELASREACCIONESJURÓDICASDELASINSTITUCIONESDEL#ONSEJODE%UROPA
$QWHODVFRQWLQXDVGHPDQGDVGHMXVWLFLDSRUYLRODFLyQGHGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVUHFLELGDVSRUOD
&RUWH(XURSHDGH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVHQDGHODQWH´&RUWH('+µHQOD$VDPEOHD3DUODPHQWDULD
GHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDQRPEUyDXQUHODWRUHVSHFLDOHOVHQDGRUVXL]R'LFN0DUW\SDUDH[DPLQDU
VLORVJUXSRVHLQGLYLGXRVLQVFULWRVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOD218\GHOD8(HQUD]yQGHVXVYtQFXORV
&UHDGRHOGHPD\RGHHVWiFRPSXHVWRSRU(VWDGRVPLHPEURV\RUJDQL]DGRHQWRUQRDO&('+\RWURVWH[WRVGHUHIHUHQ
FLD(QWUHVXVyUJDQRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVVHHQFXHQWUDQHO&RQVHMRGH0LQLVWURVOD$VDPEOHD3DUODPHQWDULD\OD&RUWH(XURSHDGH
'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVZZZFRHLQWFRQVXOWDGR
&UHDGDDSDUWLUGHO7UDWDGRGH0DDVWULFKWILUPDGRHOTXHHQWUyHQYLJRUHO7UDVVXUHIRUPDGHVGHOD
HQWUDGDHQYLJRUGHO7UDWDGRGH/LVERDHOOD8(IXHGRWDGDGHSHUVRQDOLGDGMXUtGLFDSURSLD\UHWRPyODVFRPSHWHQFLDV
FRQIHULGDVDODVDQWLJXDV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV3RUORWDQWRHO7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHODV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV7-&(SDVy
DOODPDUVH7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHD7-8(\HO'HUHFKRFRPXQLWDULRVHFRQYLUWLyHQHO'HUHFKRGHOD8QLyQ(Q
HO7-8(DQWLJXR7-&(HVHOyUJDQRMXGLFLDOTXHJDUDQWL]DHOUHVSHWRGHODOHJLVODFLyQ\HVHOyUJDQRFUHDGRUGH'HUHFKRGHOD
8(ZZZHXLQWFRQVXOWDGR
Criterio jurídico garantista
140
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
(QODSUiFWLFDODVUHVROXFLRQHV
GHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGKDQVLGR
ODEDVHGHQXPHURVRVGHVDUUROORV
MXUtGLFRVHVWDWDOHVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
GHODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR
/DDGRSFLyQGHOLVWDVQHJUDVGHO
&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGKDLPSXOVDGR
HQDOJXQRVFDVRVFRPRHQHO5HLQR
8QLGRODDGRSFLyQGHOLVWDV
QHJUDVQDFLRQDOHVRFRPRHQOD8(
ODDGRSFLyQGHOLVWDVQHJUDV
VXEUHJLRQDOHV
SUHVXQWRVFRQHOWHUURULVPRVRQWUDWDGRVGHDFXHUGRFRQODVQRUPDVGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDHQPD
WHULDGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV
6HJ~QHO,QIRUPHSXEOLFDGRHQDEULOGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOD 218VHHVWDEOHFHQHQDEVROXWR
VHFUHWRSRUHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVDSHWLFLyQGHORVPLHPEURVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDG3DUD
ODVSHUVRQDVTXHILJXUDQHQHVWDOLVWDQRHUDQLQIRUPDGDVQRWHQtDQODRSRUWXQLGDGGHVHUHVFX
FKDGDV\QRGLVSRQtDQGHQLQJ~QUHFXUVRMXUtGLFR
0DUW\DILUPyHQVX,QIRUPHGHTXHHVWDVSUiFWLFDVLOXVWUDQOD´SHOLJURVDHURVLyQGHORVGHUHFKRV
\ODVOLEHUWDGHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHQSURJUHVRLQFOXVRHQHOVHQRGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQSRUPDQ
GDWRVXSURWHFFLyQ\SURPRFLyQµ\SRUORWDQWRGLFKDVSUiFWLFDVGHVDFUHGLWDQODOXFKDLQWHUQDFLRQDO
FRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR
6REUHHVWDEDVHOD$VDPEOHD3DUODPHQWDULDGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDSLGLyHOUHH[DPHQGHORVSURFH
GLPLHQWRVGHLQVFULSFLyQGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDVSRUFRQVLGHUDUTXHHVWRVYLRODQORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV
LQGLYLGXDOHV\VRQ´WRWDOPHQWHDUELWUDULRVµ(QHOGHEDWHHOSRQHQWH'LFN0DUW\6XL]DVXEUD\yTXH
9pDVHKWWSZZZFRHLQWWGFILOHVHYHQWVBFLDGHIDXOWBIUDVSFRQVXOWDGR
(OGHEDWHHQOD$VDPEOHD3DUODPHQWDULDGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDWXYROXJDUHOGHHQHURGH
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
141
´ODLQMXVWLFLDHVHOPHMRUDOLDGRGHOWHUURULVPR'HEHPRVOXFKDUFRQWUDHOODWDPELpQµ
(VWDVOLVWDVKDQFUHDGRXQVLVWHPDGRQGHQRKD\GHUHFKRDVHURtGRQLDGLVSRQHUGHXQUHFXUVRMXGLFLDO
QLDVDEHUODVYHUGDGHUDVUD]RQHVGHVXLQFOXVLyQHQHVWDVOLVWDVQHJUDV
6HWUDWDGHXQVLVWHPD²HVXQSXQWRTXHQRVGHEHSUHRFXSDU²TXHVHGHVDUUROOyIXHUDGHFXDOTXLHU
SURFHGLPLHQWRFXDOTXLHUJDUDQWtD\GHFXDOTXLHUOHJLWLPLGDGGHPRFUiWLFD\VLQQLQJ~QWLSRGH3DUODPHQWR
SDUDGLVFXWLU\GHFLGLU(VFLHUWRTXHDUDt]GHODVUHDFFLRQHVDEVROXWDPHQWHQHJDWLYDVDOJXQDVPHMRUDV
HQVXPD\RUtD´FRVPpWLFDVµVHKLFLHURQ6LQHPEDUJRHVWDVOLVWDVQHJUDVVLJXHQHVWDQGRPX\SRUGHEDMRGH
ORVHVWiQGDUHVGHXQ(VWDGRGH'HUHFKR\GHXQ(VWDGRGHPRFUiWLFR
+D\FDVRVGRQGHODVSHUVRQDVHVWiQHQXQDOLVWDGHVGHKDFHPiVGHVHLVDxRV\KDQVLGRREMHWRGHSURFHGL
PLHQWRVSHQDOHVHQORVTXHORVILVFDOHVGHGLIHUHQWHVSDtVHVKDQLQYHVWLJDGRHOFDVR\DXQFXDQGRHOSURFHVR
SHQDOVHKDFHUUDGRSRUTXHQRVHKDHQFRQWUDGRQDGDHQVXFRQWUDVLQHPEDUJRHVWDVSHUVRQDVVLJXHQ
ILJXUDQGRHQODOLVWDQHJUDTXHHVXQDHVSHFLHGH´PXHUWHFLYLOµ\DTXHQRSXHGHQHMHUFHUQLQJXQDDFWLYLGDG
HFRQyPLFDQLFUX]DUXQDIURQWHUD
$SHVDUGHODGLVSRVLFLyQGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDHOSRGHUGHVX$VDPEOHDVHPRVWUyUHGXFLGR'H
KHFKRORVSDUODPHQWDULRVTXHGDURQOLPLWDGRVDDFWXDUGHVGHHOVHQRGHVXVSDUODPHQWRVQDFLRQDOHV
GRQGHFDGD(VWDGRHVVLJQDWDULRGHOD&DUWDGHOD218\VHKDOODVRPHWLGRDVXMXULVGLFFLyQ(VGHFLU
ODVSHUVRQDVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHOD$VDPEOHD3DUODPHQWDULDGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDSXHGHQFRQFHQ
WUDUVHHQHVWHWHPDDQLYHOHVWDWDOSHURQRDQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDOGDGRTXHHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDQRHV
HQpOPLVPRPLHPEURGHOD218
(VWDOLPLWDFLyQGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSDSXGRFRQVWDWDUVHHQODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHOD&RUWH ('+/RV
DVXQWRV%HKUDPL\%HKUDPLY)UDQFLD\6DUDPDWLY)UDQFLD$OHPDQLD\1RUXHJDDQWHOD*UDQ6DOD
GHOD&RUWH('+SODQWHDURQODFXHVWLyQGHODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHHO&('+\ODVDFFLRQHVGHOD218HQHO
iPELWRGHO&DStWXOR 9,,GHOD&DUWDFRQHOREMHWLYRGHGHPRVWUDUODH[LVWHQFLDGHYLRODFLRQHVGHODV
GLVSRVLFLRQHVGHO&('+FRPHWLGDVSRUORV(VWDGRVPLHPEURVGHO&('+DTXLHQHVSRGUtDLPSXWDUVHXQD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDO
/D&RUWH('+FRQVWDWyXQDGLIHUHQFLDIXQGDPHQWDOHQWUHODQDWXUDOH]DGHODVDFFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
\UHJLRQDOHVHQHOPDUFRGHO&('+
3RUXQDSDUWHOD&RUWH ('+VHGHFODUyLQFRPSHWHQWHSDUDHMHUFHUHOFRQWUROVREUHHOFXPSOLPLHQWR
GHO&('+HQODVDFFLRQHVGLUHFWDPHQWHDWULEXLEOHVDOD218FRPRRUJDQL]DFLyQGHYRFDFLyQXQLYHUVDO
TXHFXPSOHXQREMHWLYRLPSHUDWLYRGHVHJXULGDGFROHFWLYD\HQSDUWLFXODUVREUHODVDFFLRQHVGHVXV
9pDVHKWWSZZZFRHLQWWGFILOHVHYHQWVBOLVWHBQRLUHGHIDXOWBIUDVSFRQVXOWDGR
$VVHPEOpH3DUOHPHQWDLUHGX&RQVHLOGH/·HXURSHRapport a l’Assemblée Parlementaire du Conseil de l’Europe&5(GLWLRQSURYLVRLUH
6HVVLRQGH3UHPLqUHSDUWLHGHODFLQTXLqPHVpDQFHPHUFUHGLMDQYLHUjKHXUHVS\VV
Criterio jurídico garantista
142
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
yUJDQRVVXEVLGLDULRV(QHIHFWRQLOD218QLVXVyUJDQRVVXEVLGLDULRVVHHQFXHQWUDQDWDGRVDO&('+
3RURWURODGROD&RUWH('+LGHQWLILFyRWURVDFWRVSDUDORVFXDOHVVXFRPSHWHQFLDHVLQFXHVWLRQDEOHSRU
FXDQWRVHWUDWDGHDFFLRQHVLPSXWDEOHVDORV(VWDGRVSDUWHGHO&('+LQFOXVRIUHQWHDDFFLRQHVTXHQR
VHKDQOOHYDGRDFDERHQHOWHUULWRULRGHORV(VWDGRV\QRGHULYDQGHXQDGHFLVLyQGHODVDXWRULGDGHV
GHORVPLVPRV6LQHPEDUJROD&RUWH('+GHGXMRVXLQFRPSHWHQFLDUDWLRQHSHUVRQDHVREUHODEDVHGH
ODDWULEXFLyQGHODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQFDEH]DGHORVyUJDQRVGHOD218
(QWRGRFDVRKD\XQDGLIHUHQFLDIXQGDPHQWDOHQWUHODQDWXUDOH]DGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO\GHOD
FRRSHUDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHVLUYLyFRPREDVHDODVXQWR%RVSKRUXV\ODQDWXUDOH]DGHTXHVHWUDWDHQHVWH
FDVR'HKHFKROD0,18.HVXQyUJDQRVXEVLGLDULRGHOD218FUHDGRHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR9,,GHOD&DUWD
\ODVIDFXOWDGHVTXHOD.)25KDHMHUFLGRHQHVWHFDVROHKDEtDQVLGROHJDOPHQWHGHOHJDGDVSRUHO&RQVHMRGH
6HJXULGDGHQDSOLFDFLyQGHOPLVPR&DStWXOR9,,(QFRQVHFXHQFLDVXVDFFLRQHVHUDQGLUHFWDPHQWHDWULEXLEOHV
DOD218FRPRXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQSDUDFXPSOLUXQREMHWLYRLPSHUDWLYRXQLYHUVDOGHVHJXULGDGFROHFWLYD
7DOHVOLPLWDFLRQHVHQHODOFDQFHGHODVUHDFFLRQHVMXUtGLFDVGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH(XURSD
LPSXOVDURQODE~VTXHGDGHDOWHUQDWLYDVHQHOVHQRGHOD 8(TXHDODSRVWUHKDQHVWLPXODGRODHYR
OXFLyQGHOVLVWHPDLQWHUQDFLRQDOHQPDWHULDGHHTXLOLEULRHQWUHVHJXULGDG\UHVSHWRGHORVGHUHFKRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVHQHOWHPD,,
La evolución de la cuestión del respeto de los derechos fundamentales en los procedimientos de listas negras del terrorismo
%LPRECEDENTEDELA5NIØN%UROPEAUEAPARTIRDELAJURISPRUDENCIADEL4RIBUNALDE*USTICIA
DELA5NIØN%UROPEATJUE
/DOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR\ODSURWHFFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVQRVRQDQWLWpWLFDVVLQRPiV
ELHQVRQUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVFRPSOHPHQWDULDVGHORV(VWDGRV(QHVWHVHQWLGRFRQUHVSHFWRDORVGH
UHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV\SDUDHYLWDUVXYLRODFLyQOD8(KDFUHDGRVXSURSLRVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRHQYLUWXG
GHUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHOD218HQPDWHULDGHOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR\HQHO
PDUFRGHO7UDWDGRFRQVWLWXWLYRGHOD8(HQDGHODQWH&(
(QHQHOPDUFRGHODOXFKDLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR\FRPRSDUWHGHOVHJXQGRSLODU
GHOD´3ROtWLFD([WHULRU\GH6HJXULGDG&RP~QµHQDGHODQWH3(6&OD8(HVWDEOHFLyPHGLGDVUHVWULF
WLYDVFRQWUDODVSHUVRQDV\HQWLGDGHVDVRFLDGDVFRQ2VDPDELQ/DGHQ$O4DLGDORVWDOLEDQHV\ODV
&RUWH('+*UDQGH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH%RVSKRUXV+DYD<ROODUL7XUL]P9H7LFDUHW$QRQLPLUNHWLF,UODQGHQR$UUrW
MXLQ
&RUWH('+*UDQGH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH%HKUDPLHW%HKUDPLF)UDQFHQRHW$IIDLUH6DUDPDWLF)UDQFH$OHPDJHHW1RU
YqJHQžGpFLVLRQVXUODUHFHYDELOLWpGXPDLSiU
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
143
&RQUHVSHFWRDORVGHUHFKRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHV\SDUDHYLWDU
VXYLRODFLyQOD8(KDFUHDGR
VXSURSLRVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRHQ
YLUWXGGHUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMR
GH6HJXULGDGGHOD218HQPDWHULD
GHOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR\HQ
HOPDUFRGHO7UDWDGRFRQVWLWXWLYR
GHOD8(
DFWLYLGDGHVGHWHUURULVPRHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHOD 218
DGRSWDGDVHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR9,,GHOD&DUWDHQWUHHOODVHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV\ORV&RPLWpV
GH6HJXULGDGGHULYDGRVGHODUHVROXFLyQ
(QHVWHVHQWLGRIXHDGRSWDGDOD3RVLFLyQ&RP~Q3(6&\OD3RVLFLyQ&RP~Q
3(6&LQFRUSRUDGDHQHO5HJODPHQWR&(QžFRPRXQFRQMXQWRGHPHGLGDVFRQWUDSHUVRQDV
\HQWLGDGHVLQVFULWDVHQXQDOLVWDHODERUDGDSRUXQRUJDQLVPRGHOD2187DOHVPHGLGDVLQFOX\HURQOD
FRQJHODFLyQGHIRQGRV\UHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRVODSURKLELFLyQGHOPRYLPLHQWR\ODLQFOXVLyQGHHVDVSHU
VRQDV\HQWLGDGHVHQODOLVWDQHJUDHXURSHDHVGHFLUHQHODQH[R,GHO5HJODPHQWR&(Qž
6LQHPEDUJRQXPHURVRVDVXQWRVMXGLFLDOHVDWDFDURQHQVXPRPHQWRODDXVHQFLDGHHTXLOLEULRHQWUH
WDOHVPHGLGDVGHVHJXULGDGHQHOVHQRGHOD8(\HOUHVSHWRGHORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
%DMRODMXULVGLFFLyQGHO7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHODV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDVHQDGHODQWH 7-&(ORV
DVXQWRVDFXPXODGRV &3&3<DVVLQ$EGXOODK.DGL\$O%DUDNDDW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RXQ
GDWLRQSUHVHQWDGRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHO\HOGHQRYLHPEUHGHSODQWHDURQODFXHVWLyQGHOD
FRQIRUPLGDGOHJDOGHODWUDQVSRVLFLyQFRPXQLWDULDGHOLVWDVQHJUDVHODERUDGDVSRUHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV
DODOX]GHORVDUWtFXORV&(&(\&(\GHODVUHJODVJHQHUDOHVGH'HUHFKRFRPXQLWDULR
(VWRVUHJODPHQWRVVHHQFXHQWUDQGLVSRQLEOHVHQHODiario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas:&(/S
&DEHUHFRUGDUTXHHQHO7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHODV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV7-&(SDVyDOODPDUVH7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHOD
8QLyQ(XURSHD7-8(\HO'HUHFKRFRPXQLWDULRVHFRQYLUWLyHQHO'HUHFKRGHOD8QLyQ3DUDHIHFWRVGHHVWHDQiOLVLVVHKDUiDOXVLyQ
DODQWLJXR7-&(\DO'HUHFKRFRPXQLWDULRFXDQGRVXVSURQXQFLDPLHQWRVGDWHQGHIHFKDVDQWHULRUHVD\VHKDUiDOXVLyQDO
Criterio jurídico garantista
144
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
'RVFXHVWLRQHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVVHGHEDWLHURQHQHVWRVFDVRVODFRPSHWHQFLDGHORVWULEXQDOHVFRPXQLWD
ULRVSDUDSURQXQFLDUVHVREUHODLOHJDOLGDGFRPXQLWDULDGHO5HJODPHQWR&(QžHQDGHODQWH
´HO5HJODPHQWRµTXHWUDVSRQHODVOLVWDVGHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV\HQFDVRWDOODYLRODFLyQSR
WHQFLDOGHGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHQHOSURFHVRGHWUDQVSRVLFLyQGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPR
(O7ULEXQDOGH3ULPHUD,QVWDQFLDLGHQWLILFyXQDUHJODSULPDULDGHULYDGDGHO7UDWDGR&(VHJ~QODFXDO
ODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR9,,GHOD&DUWDGHOD218SUHYDOHFHQ
VREUHODVQRUPDVGH'HUHFKRFRPXQLWDULRGHFRQIRUPLGDGFRQHODUWtFXORGHOD&DUWDGHOD218
(Q3ULPHUDLQVWDQFLDVHVRVWXYRTXHSRUORWDQWRHO7-&(QRWHQtDMXULVGLFFLyQSDUDUHYLVDUDXQTXH
VHDLQGLUHFWDPHQWHODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDG\SDUDHYDOXDUVXFRQIRUPLGDGFRQORV
GHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVSURWHJLGRVSRUHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRFRPXQLWDULRSRUTXHODVUHVROXFLRQHV
HQFXHVWLyQQRGHMDQHVSDFLRSDUDODGLVFUHFLRQDOLGDG\SRUTXHQRHVSRVLEOHDSUHFLDUHO5HJODPHQWR
LPSXJQDGRVLQHIHFWXDUXQFRQWUROLQGLUHFWRGHODUHVROXFLyQ1RREVWDQWHHO7ULEXQDOFRQVLGHUy
TXHGLFKRFRQWUROHVSRVLEOHFRQUHVSHFWRDODVREOLJDFLRQHVGH jus cogens
(VWDWHVLVGHLQFRPSHWHQFLDGHO7ULEXQDOIXHUHSHWLGDHQHODVXQWR&KDILT$\DG7GRQGHHO
7-&(FRQVLGHUyTXH
DSHVDUGHTXHQRHVPLHPEURGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVOD8(GHEHVHUFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRDWDGDSRUODV
REOLJDFLRQHVUHVXOWDQWHVGHOD&DUWDGHOD218GHODPLVPDPDQHUDFRPRORVRQVXV(VWDGRVPLHPEURV
/D&RPXQLGDGQRSXHGHYLRODUODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHORV(VWDGRVPLHPEURVGHFRQIRUPLGDGFRQOD&DUWD
GHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVRLPSHGLUVXHMHFXFLyQ
6LQHPEDUJRHQHO7-&(HYROXFLRQyVXMXULVSUXGHQFLD\HQODDSHODFLyQGHORVDVXQWRV.DGL\$O
%DUDNDDWHWDOVHGHIHQGLyODWHVLVVHJ~QODFXDOORVWULEXQDOHVFRPXQLWDULRVVRQORV~QLFRVIDFXOWDGRV
SDUDGHWHUPLQDUORVHIHFWRVGHORVFRPSURPLVRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHQHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRFRPXQL
WDULR\HVWREDMRODVFRQGLFLRQHVHVWDEOHFLGDVSRUHO'HUHFKR&RPXQLWDULR
7-&(\DO'HUHFKRGHOD8QLyQSDUDORVSURQXQFLDPLHQWRVHPLWLGRVDSDUWLUGH(QHVWHVHQWLGRHVLPSRUWDQWHUHFRUGDUTXHHO
yUJDQRGHO7-8(VHKDOODGLYLGLGRHQWUHVHVWUXFWXUDVHO7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHDSURSLDPHQWHGLFKRHO7ULEXQDO
*HQHUDO\HO7ULEXQDOGHOD)XQFLyQ3~EOLFD3DUDHIHFWRVGHHVWHDQiOLVLVVHKDUiDOXVLyQJHQHUDODO7-8(\VHSUHFLVDUiHOyUJDQR
FRPSHWHQWHFXDQGRHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQVHFRQVLGHUHUHOHYDQWH
7-&(7ULEXQDO*pQpUDO$IIDLUH.DGLF&RQVHLOHW&RPPLVVLRQ75HFS,,$UUrWVHSWHPEUHSiUV
7-&(7ULEXQDO*pQpUDO$IIDLUH<XVXI HW$O%DUDNDDW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RXQGDWLRQF&RQVHLOHW&RPPLVVLRQ75HFS,,
$UUrWVHSWHPEUHSiUV
,EtGSiUV\,EtGSiUV\
7-&('HX[LqPH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH&KDILT$\DGF&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH73$UUrWMXLOOHWSiU
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
145
6HVHxDODGHHVWDPDQHUDTXHODUHODFLyQHQWUHHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\HO'HUHFKRFRPXQLWDULR
VHULJHSRUHOSURSLRRUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRFRPXQLWDULR\TXHHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVyORSXHGH
DSOLFDUVHGHFRQIRUPLGDGFRQORVSULQFLSLRVIXQGDGRUHVGHOD&RPXQLGDGGRQGHHOSULPHUOXJDUGH
HVWRVSULQFLSLRVFRUUHVSRQGHDOUHVSHWRDORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV\DOLPSHULRGHODOH\
6LJXLHQGRHVWHUD]RQDPLHQWRHO7-&(DILUPyTXHFXDQGROD&RPXQLGDGGHFLGHDFWXDUSRUYtDOHJLVODWLYD
SDUDDSOLFDUXQDUHVROXFLyQGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHEHJDUDQWL]DUFRPRSUHPLVDGHOHJDOLGDGGH
ODOHJLVODFLyQTXHVHSURSRQHHVWDEOHFHUTXHGLFKDUHVROXFLyQFXPSOHFRQORVFULWHULRVPtQLPRVHQ
PDWHULDGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVSRUTXHQRH[LVWHQLQJ~QIXQGDPHQWRMXUtGLFRTXHSHUPLWDDILUPDUTXH
SRGUtDDSOLFDUVHXQWUDWDPLHQWRHQSDUWLFXODURXQDH[FHSFLyQHQHOVHQWLGRGHTXHXQUHJODPHQWRGH
OD8(GHVWLQDGRDODDSOLFDFLyQGHODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGQRGHEDHVWDUGHDFXHUGR
FRQODQRUPDWLYDFRPXQLWDULDVREUHODDGRSFLyQGHORVUHJODPHQWRV
$VtOD*UDQ6DODGHO7-&(DGRSWyHVWHDUJXPHQWRDODILUPDUTXH
OD &RPXQLGDG HV XQD FRPXQLGDG GH GHUHFKR \D TXH QL VXV (VWDGRV PLHPEURV QL VXV LQVWLWXFLRQHV
SXHGHQHYLWDUXQDUHYLVLyQGHODFRQIRUPLGDGGHVXVDFWRVDODFDUWDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOIXQGDPHQWDOTXHHVHO
7UDWDGR &(>\@TXHXQDFXHUGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOQRSXHGHDIHFWDUDORUGHQMXULVGLFFLRQDOHVWDEOHFLGRHQ
ORV7UDWDGRV\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDDODDXWRQRPtDGHOVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRFRPXQLWDULRSRUFX\RFXPSOLPLHQWR
YHODHVWH7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDHQYLUWXGGHODMXULVGLFFLyQH[FOXVLYDTXHOHFRQILHUHHODUWtFXOR&(
(O7-&(SUHFLVyORVWpUPLQRVGHGLFKDUHYLVLyQDILUPDQGRTXHHOFRQWUROGHOHJDOLGDGTXHGHEtDHVWDUD
FDUJRGHOMXH]FRPXQLWDULRVHFHQWUDHQHODFWRFRPXQLWDULRGHVWLQDGRDDSOLFDUHODFXHUGRLQWHUQDFLR
QDOHQFXHVWLyQ\QRHQHODFXHUGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRPRWDO(QHIHFWRQRLQFXPEHDOMXH]FRPXQLWDULR
HQHOPDUFRGHVXFRPSHWHQFLDH[FOXVLYDGHODUWtFXOR&(FRQWURODUODOHJDOLGDGGHXQDUHVROXFLyQ
DGRSWDGDSRUXQRUJDQLVPRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\WDOFRQWUROVHOLPLWDDH[DPLQDUODFRPSDWLELOLGDGGHGLFKD
UHVROXFLyQFRQODVUHJODVGHjus cogens
$VtHO 7-&(DILUPyHQSULPHUOXJDUTXHODVFRPSHWHQFLDVGHOD 8(GHEHQHMHUFHUVHFRQUHVSHWRSRU
HO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDO\FRQUHVSHWRSRUORVFRPSURPLVRVHQHOPDUFRGHOD218FRPRFXDQGRVH
DGRSWDQUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR9,,GHOD&DUWDDWUDYpVGHDFWRV
FRPXQLWDULRV\VREUHODEDVHGHORVDUWtFXORV&(\&(
/DVHQWHQFLDGHOD&RUWH('+HQHODVXQWR%RVSKRUXVRSFLWHVFLWDGDHQP~OWLSOHVSDVDMHV
7-&(&RXUGHMXVWLFH$IIDLUHVMRLQWHV<DVVLQ$EGXOODK.DGLHW$O%DUDNDDWHW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RXQGDWLRQFRQWUHOH&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQ
HXURSpHQQH&3HW&3$SSHOVHSWHPEUHHQDGHODQWH´7-&(.DGLHW$O%DUDNDDWHWDO$SSHOµSiUV
\
,EtGSiUV\
,EtGSDUV\
Criterio jurídico garantista
146
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
(VPiVHQHODVXQWRGLVFXWLGRGHDFXHUGRFRQHO7UDWDGR&(
\HODUWtFXORGHOD&DUWDGHOD 218ODDGRSFLyQGHODFWR
TXHLQFRUSRUDXQDUHVROXFLyQGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQHO
GHUHFKRGHOD8(H[LJHODDGRSFLyQGHXQD3RVLFLyQ&RP~Q
3&RXQD$FFLyQ&RP~Q$&HQYLUWXGGHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHV
GHO7UDWDGR&(VREUHOD3(6&TXHSUHYpODDFFLyQFRPXQLWDULD
SUHYLD\HVWDREOLJDFLyQVXSRQHFXDQGRVHWUDWDGHODLPSOH
PHQWDFLyQGHODUHVROXFLyQDGRSWDGDHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR9,,
GHOD&DUWDGHOD218TXHHQHOGHVDUUROORGHHVWDVPHGLGDVOD
8(WHQJDGHELGDPHQWHHQFXHQWDORVWpUPLQRV\REMHWLYRVGHOD
UHVROXFLyQHQFXHVWLyQDVtFRPRODVREOLJDFLRQHVSHUWLQHQWHVHQ
YLUWXGGHOD&DUWDGHOD218HQUHODFLyQFRQGLFKDDSOLFDFLyQ
(QWUHODVPHMRUDVLQWURGXFLGDV
DSDUWLUGHORV(VWDGRV
QRSXHGHQQHJDUVHDUHYHODU
WRGDODLQIRUPDFLyQGHTXH
GLVSRQHQDFHUFDGHSHUVRQDV
\HQWLGDGHVFX\RVQRPEUHV
KDQVXJHULGRLQVFULELUHQ
ODOLVWDQHJUD$GHPiVHO
&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVVH
YHREOLJDGRDLQFOXLUXQDQRWD
H[SOLFDWLYDFRQLQGLFDFLRQHV
(VWRVLJQLILFDTXHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHO5HJODPHQWRTXHSHU
UHODWLYDVDORVPRWLYRVGHOD
PLWLyODWUDQVSRVLFLyQGLUHFWDGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUUR
LQVFULSFLyQGHODVSHUVRQDV
ULVPRHODERUDGDVSRUOD218DODVOLVWDVGHOD8(UHTXLHUHXQ
RJUXSRVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDV
HVWXGLRGHOWH[WRGHODUHVROXFLyQTXHVHSUHWHQGHDSOLFDU(Q
HVWHVHQWLGRHO 7-&(SXVRHODFHQWRVREUHHOKHFKRGHTXHOD
&DUWDGHOD218QRWLHQHXQPpWRGRGHILQLGRSDUDODDSOLFDFLyQ
GHODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGSRUORTXHHVWD
LPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHEHKDFHUVHGHFRQIRUPLGDGFRQODVPRGD
OLGDGHVDSOLFDEOHVHQHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRGHFDGD(VWDGRPLHPEURGHOD218GHDFXHUGRFRQORV
GLIHUHQWHVPRGHORVSRVLEOHVGHUHFHSFLyQGHWDOHVUHVROXFLRQHV
3RUORWDQWRSDUDHO7-&(VHGHVSUHQGHTXH
ORVSULQFLSLRVTXHULJHQHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVQRVXSRQHQTXH
ODUHYLVLyQMXGLFLDOGHODOHJDOLGDGLQWHUQDGHO5HJODPHQWRLPSXJQDGRHQORTXHUHVSHFWDDORVGHUHFKRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHGHH[FOXLGDSRUHOKHFKRGHTXHHVWHDFWREXVTXHDSOLFDUXQDUHVROXFLyQGHO&RQVHMRGH
6HJXULGDGDGRSWDGDHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR9,,GHOD&DUWDGHOD218
$SDUWLUGHHVWHSODQWHDPLHQWRMXULVSUXGHQFLDOHO7-&(FRQVLGHUyTXHQRHVDFHSWDEOHSUHWHQGHUTXH
ODVUHJXODFLRQHVTXHDSOLFDQUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHPLWLGDVHQYLUWXGGHO&DStWXOR
9,,GHOD&DUWDHVWiQH[FOXLGDVGHODUHYLVLyQMXGLFLDOHQUHODFLyQFRQHO7UDWDGR &(GDGRTXHORV
SULQFLSLRVGHOLEHUWDGGHPRFUDFLD\UHVSHWRGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVVRQGHUHFKRSULPDULR\EDVHGH
ODH[LVWHQFLDGHOD8(&(VHFFLyQ
,EtGSiU
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
147
(VWDDSUR[LPDFLyQMXULVSUXGHQFLDOSHUPLWHFODULILFDUHOKHFKRGHTXHODVQRUPDVTXHHVWiQSRQLHQGRHQ
SUiFWLFDODVUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGGHOD218HQHOVHQRGHOD8(GHEHQVHUVRPHWLGDVD
XQDUHYLVLyQMXGLFLDO\FRQIURQWDGDVDO7UDWDGR&(TXHHVODH[SUHVLyQHQXQDFRPXQLGDGGH'HUHFKR
GHXQDJDUDQWtDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOSXHVHO7UDWDGR&(HVODEDVHGHXQVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRDXWyQRPRTXHQR
SXHGHVHUDIHFWDGRSRUQLQJ~QDFXHUGRLQWHUQDFLRQDO
(QHOIRQGRGHORVFDVRV.DGL\$O%DUDNDDWHWDOHO 7-&(HVWLPyFRPRHYLGHQWHODYLRODFLyQGHORV
GHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHULYDGRVGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVHVWDEOHFLGRVSRUHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQ
SDUWLFXODUHQORTXHUHVSHFWDDOGHUHFKRGHGHIHQVDSXHVODDGRSFLyQ\UHIRUPDGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGH
OD218VHHQPDUFDHQXQSURFHGLPLHQWRHVHQFLDOPHQWHGLSORPiWLFRHLQWHUHVWDWDOGRQGHODVSHUVRQDV
RHQWLGDGHVDIHFWDGDVQRWLHQHQXQDYHUGDGHUDRSRUWXQLGDGGHGHIHQGHUVXVGHUHFKRVLQFOXVRSRUTXHHO
*RELHUQRGHO(VWDGRGHUHVLGHQFLDRQDFLRQDOLGDGGHODIHFWDGRVyORFXHQWDFRQHOSRGHUGHWUDQVPLWLU
FRPHQWDULRVDO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV(QHVWHVHQWLGRHO7-&(OODPyODDWHQFLyQVREUHHOKHFKRGHTXH
HVDVGLUHFWLYDVQRLPSRQHQDO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVHOGHEHUGHFRPXQLFDUDOVROLFLWDQWHODVUD]RQHV\
ODVSUXHEDVTXHMXVWLILFDQODLQFOXVLyQGHOPLVPRHQODOLVWDFRQVROLGDGDQLOHGDQDFFHVRLQFOXVROLPLWDGRD
HVWRVGDWRV3RU~OWLPRHQFDVRGHUHFKD]RGHODVROLFLWXGGHDQXODFLyQGHVXQRPEUHHQODOLVWDHO&RPLWp
QRWLHQHQLQJXQDREOLJDFLyQGHPRWLYDUVXGHFLVLyQ
(OHVWXGLRGHODGHVSURSRUFLyQGHORVPHGLRVHPSOHDGRV\HOUHVSHWRSRUORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
HQORVDVXQWRVWUDWDGRVQRVXSRQHTXHHO7-&(GHVFDUWHODUHVWULFFLyQLPSXHVWDDORVLQGLYLGXRVHQ
PDWHULDGHDFFHVRDODLQIRUPDFLyQSRUPRWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGQDFLRQDOSXHVGHKHFKRHO7-&(KDSODQ
WHDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHTXH
ODGHQHJDFLyQGHDFFHVRLQWHUYLHQHFXDQGRODGLYXOJDFLyQGHXQGRFXPHQWRSRGUtDSRQHUHQULHVJR
´VLJQLILFDWLYRµODVHJXULGDGS~EOLFDRXQ´LQWHUpVYLWDOµHQODVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHOD8QLyQ
(QJHQHUDOHO7-&(HIHFWXyXQFRQWUROGHOHJDOLGDGDSDUWLUGHXQHVWXGLRGHOSURFHGLPLHQWRDSOLFDGR\
FRQFOX\yODYLRODFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHORVVROLFLWDQWHVVLQH[FOXLUODLPSRUWDQFLDGH
ODSURWHFFLyQGHOD8(FRQWUDODVDPHQD]DVGHOWHUURULVPR\SRUORWDQWRLQVWyDOD8(DSRQHUUHPHGLR
DODVYLRODFLRQHVHQFRQWUDGDVKDELGDFXHQWDGHODDOWDLQFLGHQFLDGHODVPHGLGDVUHVWULFWLYDVLPSXHVWDV
VREUHGHUHFKRV\OLEHUWDGHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHORVLQGLYLGXRV
(QHOPLVPRVHQWLGRODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHO7-&(KDLQGLFDGRTXHODSURWHFFLyQMXULVGLFFLRQDORWRUJDGD
SRUOD8(HVGHODPD\RULPSRUWDQFLDVLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDTXHODVPHGLGDVUHVWULFWLYDVDGRSWDGDVFRQWUD
,EtGSiUV
,EtGSiU
,EtGSiUV
7-&(3UHPLqUH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH-RVH0DULD6LVRQFOH&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH&3$UUrWIpYULHUSDU
Criterio jurídico garantista
148
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
ODVSHUVRQDVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPRWLHQHQODVPiVJUDYHVFRQVHFXHQFLDV
'HKHFKRODSHUVRQDJUXSRRHQWLGDGFXELHUWDSRUHVWDPHGLGDYHLPSHGLGDVWRGDVODVWUDQVDFFLRQHV
ILQDQFLHUDV\VHUYLFLRVILQDQFLHURVDGHPiVGHTXHVXUHSXWDFLyQ\VXDFFLyQSROtWLFDVRQDOWDPHQWH
OHVLRQDGDVFXDQGRVHOHVOODPDWHUURULVWDV
(VWDMXULVSUXGHQFLDVHKDYHQLGRFRQVROLGDQGRHQ(XURSDFRPRSXGRDSUHFLDUVHHQHOHQODVVHQ
WHQFLDVGHDSHODFLyQGHORVDVXQWRV$KPHGDQGRWKHUVDQWHOD&RUWH6XSUHPDGH-XVWLFLDGH,QJODWHUUD
HQDGHODQWH8.6&\HQODVHJXQGDGHFLVLyQUHODWLYDDODVXQWR.DGLDQWHHO7ULEXQDO*HQHUDOGHO7-8(
HQVHSWLHPEUHGHDFWXDOPHQWHEDMRDSHODFLyQ(VWDVVHQWHQFLDVUHPDUFDURQTXHVyORFXDQGRORV
WULEXQDOHVQDFLRQDOHVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODSRVLELOLGDGGHRIUHFHUJDUDQWtDVMXGLFLDOHVDOLQWHUHVDGRODV
DXWRULGDGHVGHOD8(SRGUtDQKDOODUVHGLVSHQVDGDVGHRWRUJDUOD\TXHHVWDKLSyWHVLVQRVHFXPSOHHQHO
FDVRGHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHOD218TXHVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQDIDOWDGHJDUDQWtDVGHOGHUHFKRGHODGHIHQVD
EDMRXQFRQWUROMXULVGLFFLRQDOHIHFWLYR\HQHOPDUFRGHXQSURFHGLPLHQWRSUHYLDPHQWHHVWDEOHFLGR
/DFRQVROLGDFLyQGHODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHO7-&(DFWXDO7-8(KDSHUPLWLGRDYDQFHVVLJQLILFDWLYRVQRVyOR
DOLQWHULRUGHOD8(VLQRPiVDOOiHQODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHOD*UDQ6DODGHOD&RUWH('+GHO&RQVHMR
GH(XURSDTXHHQDERUGyGHQXHYRODFXHVWLyQHQHODVXQWR1DGDY6ZLW]HUODQG+DVWD
RWURVFDVRVVHHQFXHQWUDQSHQGLHQWHVDQWHODVDOWDV&RUWHVQDFLRQDOHV\UHJLRQDOHVLQFOXLGRVORVDVXQWRV
$EGHOUD]LNHWDOWHUDY$WWRUQH\*HQHUDORI &DQDGDDQG.DGLY86WUHDVXU\
$SDUWLUGHHVWDVLPSRUWDQWHVSRVLFLRQHVMXULVSUXGHQFLDOHVTXHREOLJDURQDOD8(DUHSODQWHDUWRGRVX
HQWUDPDGRMXUtGLFRHQPDWHULDGHWUDQVSRVLFLyQGHUHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQSDUWLFXODU
OLJDGDVDODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPRODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHOD218DXQTXHOHQWD
KDVLGRHYLGHQWH(QHIHFWROD218KDSXHVWRHQSUiFWLFDXQDVHULHGHUHIRUPDVGHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGH
OLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPRHQYDULRVDVSHFWRVUHODWLYRVDOUHVSHWRGHGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV%
7-&(3UHPLqUH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH2VPDQ2FDODQDXQRPGX.XUGLVWDQ:RUNHUV·3DUW\3..HW6HULI 9DQO\DXQRPGX.XUGLVWDQ
1DWLRQDO&RQJUHVV.1.FOH&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH&3$UUrWMDQYLHUSiU
8.6&0RKDPPHG-DEDU$KPHGDQG2WKHUV0RKDPPHGDO*KDEUDY+HU0DMHVW\·V7UHDVXU\DQG+HU0DMHVW\·V7UHDVXU\Y5
RQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI +DQL(O6D\HG6DEDHL<RXVVHI6HQWHQFH-DQXDU\
7-8(7ULEXQDO*HQHUDO6DODVpSWLPD$VXQWR<DVVLQ$EGXOODK.DGLF&RPLVLyQ(XURSHD76HQWHQFLDGHVHSWLHPEUH
GHSiUV
,EtGSiU
/DVVHQWHQFLDVGHO7-&(.DGLHW$O%DUDNDDWHWDO$SSHORSFLWLPSXOVDURQODDGRSFLyQGHO5HJODPHQWR8(QžGHO
&RQVHMRGHGHGLFLHPEUHGHTXHPRGLILFDHO5HJODPHQWR&(QžDFXVDGRHQHVWHFDVR9pDVHEl Diario Oficial
GHOD8('2/S
&RUWH('+*UDQGH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH<RXVVHI 0RXVWDID1DGDF6XLVVHUHTXrWHQRSUHVHQWDGDWUDVODGDGD
DOD*UDQ6DODHQSURFHVRGHHQMXLFLDPLHQWR
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
149
La evolución de la lucha contra el terrorismo
desde el respeto a los derechos fundamenTALESENELSENODEL#ONSEJODE3EGURIDAD
/DHYROXFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHOD218HQPDWHULDGH
OLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPRKDVLGRHOSURGXFWR
GHQXPHURVDVSUHVLRQHVKDFLDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWR
GH XQ FRQMXQWR GH JDUDQWtDV GH UHVSHWR GH ORV
GHUHFKRVGHORVLQWHUHVDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHELGR
DTXHODSUiFWLFDGHODDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWDVUHVROX
FLRQHVKDSURGXFLGRWRGDXQDVHULHGHYLRODFLRQHV
GH ORV SURFHGLPLHQWRV PtQLPRV HQ PDWHULD GH
'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV
\KDSXHVWRHQULHVJRORVSULQFLSLRVGH'HUHFKRV
\/LEHUWDGHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHODGHPRFUDFLD
<DHQODUHVROXFLyQ65(6FRQ
PLQyDODREWHQFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLRQHVGHWDOODGDV
GH ORV YtQFXORV HQWUH ODV SHUVRQDV VRVSHFKRVDV
\ ORV WDOLEDQHV R $O4DLGD 6LQ HPEDUJR VyOR
KDVWD \ WUDV ODV FRQFOXVLRQHV GHO (TXLSR
GH9LJLODQFLDGHO&RPLWpFRQWUD$O4DLGDHQHO
LQIRUPH GH GH IHEUHUR GH 6
VH UHFRQRFLy SRU SULPHUD YH] OD QHFHVLGDG GH
PHMRUDU OD WUDQVSDUHQFLD GH SURFHGLPLHQWRV GH
UHJLVWUR \ HOLPLQDFLyQ GH QRPEUHV GH OD ´OLVWD
FRQVROLGDGDµDVtFRPRORVUHODWLYRVDH[FHSFLRQHV
GHFDUiFWHUKXPDQLWDULR
(O7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLFLDGHOD8QLyQ
(XURSHDDILUPyHQSULPHUOXJDUTXH
ODVFRPSHWHQFLDVGHOD8(GHEHQHMHU
FHUVHFRQUHVSHWRSRUHO
'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\FRQUHVSHWR
SRUORVFRPSURPLVRVHQHOPDUFRGH
OD218FRPRFXDQGRVHDGRSWDQ
UHVROXFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDG
(QHIHFWRODUHVROXFLyQ65(6RUGHQy
ODDGRSFLyQGHXQDGHVFULSFLyQPiVSUHFLVDGHORV
JUXSRV\ODVSHUVRQDVFRQFHUQLGDVSRUODVVDQFLR
QHVODSUHVHQWDFLyQGHORVPRWLYRVH[DFWRVGHODVDQFLyQ\ODLQIRUPDFLyQGHELGDDODSHUVRQDFRQFHU
QLGDDFHUFDGHODVVDQFLRQHV\GHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHLQVFULSFLyQ\GHUHWLURGHODOLVWDFRQVROLGDGD
9pDVHSRUHMHPSOR218GRF6$,GHQWLFDOOHWWHUVGDWHG0D\IURPWKH3HUPDQHQW5HSUH
VHQWDWLYHVRI *HUPDQ\6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQGWRWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVDGGUHVVHGWRWKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\DQG
WKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOSS
Criterio jurídico garantista
150
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
(QVLJXLHQGRODHYROXFLyQGHUHVSHWRDGHUHFKRV\JDUDQWtDVGHODVSHUVRQDVFRQFHUQLGDVSRU
ODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPRHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGDSUREyODUHVROXFLyQGL
FLHPEUHHQODTXHSLGLyDO6HFUHWDULR*HQHUDOGHOD218HVWDEOHFHUGHQWURGHOD6HFUHWDUtDXQ´SXQWR
IRFDOµHQFDUJDGRGHODUHFHSFLyQGHVROLFLWXGHVGHH[FOXVLyQGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDV\UHVSRQVDEOHGHGDU
WUDWDPLHQWRDGLFKDVGHPDQGDV
6LQHPEDUJRVyORKDVWDHOGHRFWXEUHGHHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHIHFWXyXQSURIXQGRH[DPHQ
GHOSURFHGLPLHQWRDSOLFDGRHQHOWUDEDMRGHWUHVFRPLWpVFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR(QHVWHSURFHVRGH
HYDOXDFLyQORVLQIRUPHVHVWDWDOHVIXHURQPHQFLRQDGRVFRQIUHFXHQFLD\HQSDUWLFXODUVHKL]RVHQWLU
ODQHFHVLGDGGHDGDSWDUORVUHJtPHQHVGHVDQFLRQHVGLULJLGDVFRQWUDSHUVRQDVDODVH[LJHQFLDVGHORV
(VWDGRVHQPDWHULDGH'HUHFKR\'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV
(QODUHVROXFLyQMXQLRGLRFXHQWDGHODVGLILFXOWDGHVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODDSOLFDFLyQ
GHOPHFDQLVPRGHVDQFLRQHV\DQXQFLyODLQWHQFLyQGHWUDEDMDUHQODPHMRUDGHODSURWHFFLyQGHORV
GHUHFKRVGHODVSHUVRQDV\HQWLGDGHVFRQFHUQLGDV(QFRQVHFXHQFLDHQIXHDSUREDGDODUHVROXFLyQ
TXHRIUHFLyJDUDQWtDVGHSXEOLFLGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQREOLJDFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRQWURO
JHQHUDOSRVWHULRUPHQWHWULDQXDOGHODYDOLGH]GHORVQRPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQODOLVWD
/DVGHFLVLRQHVWRPDGDVHQWXYLHURQSRUREMHWRSULQFLSDOFRUUHJLUXQDVHULHGHGHILFLHQFLDVGH
WHFWDGDVHQHOSURFHGLPLHQWRHVWDEOHFLGRSRUODVUHVROXFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVHQSDUWLFXODUODUHVROXFLyQ
GH(QHVWHVHQWLGRODLQIRUPDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHFRQUHVSHFWRDODVSHUVRQDV\HQWLGDGHV
UHODFLRQDGDVHQODOLVWDQHJUDDOUHGHGRUGHQRPEUHVHQVHPDQWLHQHIUDJPHQWDULDDSHVDU
GHORVDYDQFHVHQPDWHULDGHFRRSHUDFLyQHQWUHHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDG\OD,QWHUSRO
(QWUHODVPHMRUDVLQWURGXFLGDVDSDUWLUGHORV(VWDGRVQRSXHGHQQHJDUVHDUHYHODUWRGDODLQ
IRUPDFLyQGHTXHGLVSRQHQDFHUFDGHSHUVRQDV\HQWLGDGHVFX\RVQRPEUHVKDQVXJHULGRLQVFULELUHQ
ODOLVWDQHJUD$GHPiVHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVVHYHREOLJDGRDLQFOXLUXQDQRWDH[SOLFDWLYDFRQ
LQGLFDFLRQHVUHODWLYDVDORVPRWLYRVGHODLQVFULSFLyQGHODVSHUVRQDVRJUXSRVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDV
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHORV(VWDGRVGHUHVLGHQFLDGHODVSHUVRQDVPHQFLRQDGDV\ORV(VWDGRVFX\DQDFLRQDOLGDG
GHWHQWDQHVWiQDKRUDREOLJDGRVDDGRSWDUODVPHGLGDVGHSXEOLFLGDGQHFHVDULDVSDUDTXHODVSHUVRQDV
FRQFHUQLGDVWHQJDQDFFHVRDHVWDVLQIRUPDFLRQHV
(QHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHVWDEOHFLyLJXDOPHQWHXQPHFDQLVPRSDUDODUHYLVLyQSHULyGLFDGH
ODOLVWDFRQVROLGDGD(QSULQFLSLRVHSUHYLyTXHHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVSURFHGLHUDDXQDUHYLVLyQ
GHWDOODGDGHORVQRPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDVKDVWDDQWHVGHOGHMXQLRGH\DSDUWLU
(O&RPLWpFUHDGRSRUODUHVROXFLyQUHODWLYRD$O4DLGDORVWDOLEDQHV\ODVSHUVRQDV\HQWLGDGHVDVRFLDGDV&RPLWp
HO&RPLWpFUHDGRSRUODUHVROXFLyQUHODWLYRDODOXFKDFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR&&7\HO&RPLWpFUHDGRSRUODUHVROXFLyQ
UHODWLYRDODFFHVRGHDFWRUHVQRHVWDWDOHVDOXVRGHDUPDVQXFOHDUHV
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
151
GHHQWRQFHVHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVGHEHUiHIHFWXDUXQDUHYLVLyQDQXDOGHODVLWXDFLyQGH´WRGRVORV
QRPEUHVGHODOLVWDFRQVROLGDGDTXHQRKDQVLGRH[DPLQDGRVHQORV~OWLPRVWUHVDxRVµ
(QODUHVROXFLyQ65(6GLRXQQXHYRLPSXOVRDODUHIRUPDGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRV
HQPDWHULDGHOLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPR(QHVWHVHQWLGRVHUDWLILFyHOFRQWUROSHULyGLFRWULDQXDOHQ
PDWHULDGHLQVFULSFLyQ\VHUHIRU]yHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHUHPRFLyQGHORVQRPEUHVLQVFULWRVDWUDYpVGH
ODFUHDFLyQGHXQDRILFLQDGHPHGLDFLyQRGHIHQVRUtD2PEXGVSHUVRQSDUDVHUYLUFRPRLQWHUPHGLDULD
HQWUHHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV\ORVVROLFLWDQWHVGHVXUHPRFLyQGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDV
$SDUWLUGHHO2PEXGVSHUVRQFXHQWDFRQFRPSHWHQFLDSDUDUHTXHULULQIRUPDFLyQGLUHFWDPHQWHGHORV
(VWDGRVLQWHUPHGLDUDQWHHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHV\HO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVWLHQHODREOLJDFLyQGHUHVSRQGHU
GHPDQHUDPRWLYDGDHQXQSOD]RGHPHVHVDVXSHWLFLyQGHUHPRFLyQGHQRPEUHVGHODVOLVWDVQHJUDV
(QODUHVROXFLyQ 65(6MXQLRGHFLGLyGLYLGLUODVOLVWDVUHODWLYDVDSHUVRQDV\
JUXSRVYLQFXODGRVFRQODVDFWLYLGDGHVGH$O4DLGDGHDTXHOODVUHODWLYDVDORVWDOLEDQHV,JXDOPHQWH
VHSURORQJyHOPDQGDWRGHO(TXLSRGHDSR\RDQDOtWLFR\GHO2PEXGVSHUVRQSRUPHVHV
3HVH D ODV PHMRUDV HVWH SURFHVR VH HQFXHQWUD OHMRV GH RWRUJDU XQD JDUDQWtD GH LPSDUFLDOLGDG \ OD
GHFLGLGDRSRVLFLyQGHXQ(VWDGRHQHOVHQRGHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVFRQWLQ~DVLHQGRVXILFLHQWH
FRPRSDUDEORTXHDUODH[SXOVLyQGHXQQRPEUHGHODOLVWD'HRWUDSDUWHODRILFLQDGHO2PEXGVSHUVRQ
VyORVHKL]RRSHUDWLYDDSDUWLUGHOGHMXOLRGH\VXLPSDFWRFRQWLQ~DVLHQGRPX\UHGXFLGR
FDVRVWUDWDGRVKDVWDHQHUR
(Q HVWH VHQWLGR HQ DOJXQRV (VWDGRV HQFDEH]DGRV SRU 6XL]D VLJXHQ KDFLHQGR HVIXHU]RV SRU
SUHVLRQDUODGHPRFUDWL]DFLyQGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVKDFLHQGRHFRDOOODPDGRGHODV&RUWHVQDFLRQDOHV
\UHJLRQDOHVTXHVHVLJXHQSURQXQFLDQGRHQFXDQWRDODDXVHQFLDGHUHVSHWRDOGHELGRSURFHVRHQORV
SURFHGLPLHQWRVGHOD218\ODIDOWDGHDFFHVRDODLQIRUPDFLyQ&RQVWDQWHPHQWHQXHYDVGHFODUDFLR
QHVLQIRUPDOHVGHORV(VWDGRVVHVXPDQDOGHEDWHDOLQWHULRUGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGDFHUFDGHOD
QHFHVLGDGGHRIUHFHUPHFDQLVPRVMXGLFLDOHVQDFLRQDOHV\UHJLRQDOHVGHGHIHQVD\FRQWUDGLFFLyQDODV
SHUVRQDVDIHFWDGDVSRUODVPHGLGDVWRPDGDV
218GRF6/HWWHUGDWHG-DQXDU\IURPWKH2PEXGVSHUVRQDGGUHVVHGWRWKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH6HFXULW\
&RXQFLOSSSiUV\VV
218GRFVQ6WDWHPHQW,PSURYLQJIDLUDQGFOHDUSURFHGXUHV'RFXPHQWVXEPLWWHGWRWKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOE\6ZLW]HU
ODQGDQGWKH/LNH0LQGHG6WDWHVSSS
&267$5,&$HWDO-RLQW6WDWHPHQWRI WKHOLNHPLQGHG6WDWHVLQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKDJHQGDLWHP´6XEVLGLDU\ERGLHVRI WKH6HFXULW\
&RXQFLOµ1HZ<RUN0D\SS
Criterio jurídico garantista
152
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
$XQTXHODGLVFXVLyQGHORV
PpWRGRVHPSOHDGRVSDUD
OXFKDUFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPR
DQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVFDSD
GHORVSURSyVLWRVGHHVWD
LQYHVWLJDFLyQHVLPSRUWDQWH
FRQFOXLUTXHGDGDVODV
JUDYHVFRQVHFXHQFLDVTXH
SXHGHHQWUDxDUODLQFOXVLyQ
GHSHUVRQDVQDWXUDOHV
RMXUtGLFDVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDV
GHOWHUURULVPRODPD\RU
SUXGHQFLDVHKDFHQHFHVDULD
SDUDDVHJXUDUTXH
QLQJXQDSHUVRQDRJUXSR
KDVLGRSXHVWRSRUHUURUHQ
HVDVOLVWDV\SDUDJDUDQWL]DU
TXHGDGRHOFDVRWRGDVODV
SHUVRQDVFRQFHUQLGDVSXHGDQ
WHQHUDFFHVRDODMXVWLFLD\
HMHUFHUVXGHUHFKRDODGHIHQVD
HQEXHQD\GHELGDIRUPD
(QHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHODHYROXFLyQGHODVSUiFWLFDVGHOD218
ODIUDJLOLGDGGHOHTXLOLEULRHQWUHODVHJXULGDG\HOUHVSHWRSRU
ORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVWRGDYtDHVHYLGHQWH(QHIHFWRHO
&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGQRSURSRQHXQYHUGDGHURUHFXUVRLQGL
YLGXDOGHGHIHQVDFRQWUDODLQVFULSFLyQHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDV\
RIUHFH~QLFDPHQWHXQUHH[DPHQVXPDULRDXWRPiWLFRGHFDGD
FDVRDOTXHORV(VWDGRVQRSXHGHQRSRQHUVH(QHOFRQWH[WR
LQWHUQDFLRQDODFWXDO\HQHOPDUFRGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVGH'H
UHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOFDEHSUHJXQWDUVHVLHVWDJDUDQWtDDOFDQ]D
ORVPtQLPRVHVWDEOHFLGRVHQXQDVRFLHGDGGHPRFUiWLFD\GHXQD
FRPXQLGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH'HUHFKRIUHQWHDODVH[LJHQFLDVHQ
PDWHULDGHUHVSHWR\SURWHFFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
Conclusión general
(VWH DUWtFXOR SUHWHQGH LOXVWUDU HO GLItFLO HTXLOLEULR HQWUH HO
UHVSHWRGHODOHJDOLGDG\ODE~VTXHGDGHODSD]\ODVHJXULGDG
LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHQHOPDUFRGHODVGHFLVLRQHVHQPDWHULDGH
OLVWDVQHJUDVGHOWHUURULVPRGHOVLVWHPDGHOD218$ORODUJR
GHO DQiOLVLV VH KD PRVWUDGR FyPR ODV GLILFXOWDGHV WDPELpQ
VRQ HYLGHQWHV HQ HO VHQR GH OD 8( GRQGH ORV IXQFLRQDULRV
UHVSRQVDEOHVGHODSROtWLFDGHSD]\VHJXULGDGHQRFDVLRQHV
QRRFXOWDQVXGHVFRQWHQWRIUHQWHDODVGHFLVLRQHVMXGLFLDOHV
FRPRRFXUULHUDHQFRQHO$OWR5HSUHVHQWDQWHSDUDOD
3ROtWLFD([WHULRUGHOD8(-DYLHU6RODQDIUHQWHDODGHFLVLyQ
GHO7-&(DOVHxDODUTXH´HVWDQRHVODSRVLFLyQGHO&RQVHMRHV
ODSRVLFLyQGHO7ULEXQDOµ
$GHPiVGHORVDVXQWRV\DPHQFLRQDGRVRWURVFDVRVMXGLFLDOHVSXHGHQVHUYLUSDUDLOXVWUDUHVWHGLItFLO
HTXLOLEULR(VHOFDVRGHOD2UJDQL]DFLyQ0X\DKLGLQHVGHO3XHEOR,UDQtHQDGHODQWH203,(Q
HVWDRUJDQL]DFLyQIXHLQFOXLGDHQODOLVWDQHJUDGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGVREUHODEDVHGHODGHFLVLyQ
GHOJRELHUQRGHO5HLQR8QLGRGHLQFOXLUODHQVXOLVWDQHJUDQDFLRQDO/D203,VROLFLWyDODDXWRULGDG
FRPSHWHQWHHQHO5HLQR8QLGRVXUHWLURGHODOLVWD\HOGHMXQLROD&RUWHGH$SHODFLRQHVRUGHQy
HOUHWLURGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODOLVWDQDFLRQDOGHWHUURULVWDV
9pDVHKWWSZZZHXUDFWLYFRPIU%UHDNLQJ1HZV"*8,' 3$(3B[VO $UWLFOHFRQVXOWDGR
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
153
$SHVDUGHODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHO(MHFXWLYR,QJOpVDQWHHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGHQ\GHODH[
FOXVLyQGHHVWDRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODOLVWDQHJUDGHOD8(HOGHHQHURGHKDVWDVHSWLHPEUH
GHOD 203,QRKDVLGRUHWLUDGDGHODOLVWDQHJUDGHOD 218(ODQiOLVLVGHORVPLHPEURVGHO
&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGVHPDQWLHQHFRQILGHQFLDO\QRHVSRVLEOHFRQRFHUODVUD]RQHVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
GHVXGHFLVLyQ
$XQTXHODGLVFXVLyQGHORVPpWRGRVHPSOHDGRVSDUDOXFKDUFRQWUDHOWHUURULVPRDQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDO
HVFDSDGHORVSURSyVLWRVGHHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQHVLPSRUWDQWHFRQFOXLUTXHGDGDVODVJUDYHVFRQVH
FXHQFLDVTXHSXHGHHQWUDxDUODLQFOXVLyQGHSHUVRQDVQDWXUDOHVRMXUtGLFDVHQODVOLVWDVQHJUDVGHO
WHUURULVPRODPD\RUSUXGHQFLDVHKDFHQHFHVDULDSDUDDVHJXUDUTXHQLQJXQDSHUVRQDRJUXSRKDVLGR
SXHVWRSRUHUURUHQHVDVOLVWDV\SDUDJDUDQWL]DUTXHGDGRHOFDVRWRGDVODVSHUVRQDVFRQFHUQLGDV
SXHGDQWHQHUDFFHVRDODMXVWLFLD\HMHUFHUVXGHUHFKRDODGHIHQVDHQEXHQD\GHELGDIRUPD
(VWDFXHVWLyQUHVXOWDGHH[WUHPDLPSRUWDQFLD\GHGLItFLODSOLFDFLyQ(QODSUiFWLFDORV(VWDGRVKDQ
DGRSWDGRPHGLGDVVREUHODEDVHGHGHILQLFLRQHVGLYHUJHQWHVGHGHOLWRVGH´WHUURULVPRµ\GHFRQFHSWRV
GLIHUHQWHVGHORTXHHVXQ´WHUURULVWDµSRUORWDQWRSRUORJHQHUDOQRVHHVWDEOHFHXQUHFXUVRMXGLFLDO
SDUDDSHODUHOIRQGRGHODFXHVWLyQODQRFLyQPLVPDGH´WHUURULVPRµXWLOL]DGDSRUHO(VWDGR\QRH[LVWH
HQHOSODQRLQWHUQDFLRQDOKDVWDHOSUHVHQWHXQPHFDQLVPRMXGLFLDORDGPLQLVWUDWLYRTXHJDUDQWLFHORV
GHUHFKRVGHODGHIHQVD\HOGHELGRSURFHVRSDUDFRQWHVWDUODVGHFLVLRQHVLQLFLDOHVGHLQFOXVLyQHQHVWDV
OLVWDVTXHSRUUHJODJHQHUDOKDQVLGRWRPDGDVVREUHODEDVHGHVROLFLWXGHVHPDQDGDVGHORV(VWDGRV
&RPRKDSRGLGRLOXVWUDUVHODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWRQRVHKDFHQHVSHUDU(QOD8(HO
KHFKRGHDSDUHFHUHQXQDOLVWDQDFLRQDOGHXQ(VWDGRPLHPEURVXSRQHSDUDORVGHPiVHVWDGRVGHOD
8(ODREOLJDFLyQGHFRQJHODUORVIRQGRV\SURKLELUODFLUFXODFLyQGHOLQWHUHVDGR(QHOFDVRGHORV(V
WDGRV8QLGRVGH$PpULFDHVWH(VWDGRLGHQWLILFyFHUFDGHLQGLYLGXRV\JUXSRVFRPR´WHUURULVWDV
LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVµFRQJHODQGRVXVSURSLHGDGHVFRQyUGHQHVGHLQFDXWDFLyQRHPEDUJRSUHYHQWLYR/RV
DERJDGRVGHDOJXQDVGHHVWDVSHUVRQDVKDQDWDFDGRODVPHGLGDVTXHHVWiQEDVDGDVHQFULWHULRVYDJRV
\JHQHUDOHV\TXHWLHQHQXQDGXUDFLyQLQGHILQLGD1RREVWDQWHODQXHYDGLILFXOWDGTXHVHSXHGHDJUH
JDUGHULYDSUHFLVDPHQWHGHODYDJXHGDGGHODVDFXVDFLRQHVTXHKDFHHQWpUPLQRVMXUtGLFRVLPSRVLEOH
HMHUFHUODGHIHQVDHQEXHQD\GHELGDIRUPD
(QHIHFWRODILDELOLGDG\H[DFWLWXGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQHQODTXHVHEDVDQORV(VWDGRVSDUDHVWDEOHFHU
GLFKDVOLVWDVDPHQXGRHVFXHVWLRQDEOH/RV(VWDGRVTXHKDQDGRSWDGRHVWDVPHGLGDVUDUDYH]UHYHODQ
LQIRUPDFLyQFRQILGHQFLDOHQVXSRGHU/DVSHUVRQDVVXMHWDVDyUGHQHVGHUHVWULFFLyQGHFRQJHODFLyQGH
DFWLYRV\RWUDVGHFLVLRQHVVLPLODUHVWLHQHQSRFDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDFRQWHVWDUODDFFLyQGHO(VWDGR
7-&(*HQHUDO&RXUW3HRSOH·V0RMDKHGLQ2UJDQL]DWLRQRI ,UDQY&RXQFLO75HFS,,6HQWHQFH'HFHPEHU
SiUV
Criterio jurídico garantista
154
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
\DTXHLJQRUDQODVUD]RQHVTXHPRWLYDURQODVGHFLVLRQHV\VHHQFXHQWUDQHQXQDIUDQFDGHVYHQWDMD
FXDQGRHMHUFHQVXGHIHQVD
/DGXUDFLyQGHODVPHGLGDV´WHPSRUDOHVµWDPELpQPHUHFHXQDSURIXQGDUHIOH[LyQ$XQTXHODVPHGLGDV
HVWiQDQXQFLDGDVFRPRFDXWHODUHVVLQDIHFWDFLyQVREUHORVGHUHFKRVVXVWDQWLYRVDODSURSLHGDG\FRPR
PHGLGDVGHFDUiFWHUSUHYHQWLYRTXHQRVHEDVDQHQFULWHULRVSHQDOHVHVWDEOHFLGRVHQHOGHUHFKRLQWHUQR
UHVROXFLyQ65(6ODGXUDFLyQGHIDFWRGHHVWDVPHGLGDV\DVREUHSDVDORVGLH]DxRVSDUD
SRUORPHQRVSHUVRQDVGHODVOLVWDVDFWXDOHV&RPRORKDQPDQLIHVWDGRQXPHURVDVDXWRULGDGHV
HQXQDYLGDKXPDQDGLH]DxRVUHSUHVHQWDQXQDGXUDFLyQFRQVLGHUDEOH\ODFDOLILFDFLyQGHODVPHGLGDV
WHPSRUDOHVSUHYHQWLYDV\GHFDUiFWHUPHUDPHQWHFLYLOSDUHFHHQORVXFHVLYRDELHUWDDGHEDWH
(VWDVSUHRFXSDFLRQHVDFHUFDGHOGHELGRSURFHVRPXHVWUDQODQHFHVLGDGXUJHQWHGHVRPHWHUHVWDVGH
FLVLRQHVGHO&RPLWpGH6DQFLRQHVGHO&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGDODWXWHODMXGLFLDOHIHFWLYD
3RUHOPRPHQWROD~QLFDVROXFLyQWHPSRUDOVLJXHHVWDQGRHQPDQRVGHORVWULEXQDOHVQDFLRQDOHV\
UHJLRQDOHV7DOFRPRORVHxDOyHO7-&(HQVXPRPHQWRXQDHYHQWXDOVHQWHQFLDMXGLFLDOLQGLFDQGRTXH
XQDFWRGHVWLQDGRDSRQHUHQSUiFWLFDXQDUHVROXFLyQGHOD218DGRSWDGDHQHOPDUFRGHO&DStWXOR9,,
GHOD&DUWDHVFRQWUDULRDXQDQRUPDLPSHUDWLYDGHO'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPD
QRVQRGHVDItDODSULPDFtDGHODUHVROXFLyQHQHO'HUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO\SRUHOFRQWUDULRFRQILUPD
ODYLJHQFLDGHODVRFLHGDGGHPRFUiWLFD\GHODFRPXQLGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH'HUHFKR
218GRF(&13URWHFWLRQRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPVZKLOHFRXQWHULQJWHUURULVP1RWH
E\WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV+LJK&RPPLVVLRQHUIRU+XPDQ5LJKWVUHSRUWRI WKHLQGHSHQGHQWH[SHUWRQWKHSURWHFWLRQRI KXPDQ
ULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPVZKLOHFRXQWHULQJWHUURULVP5REHUW.*ROGPDQDSSRLQWHGSXUVXDQWWR&RPPLVVLRQUHVROXWLRQ
SSSDU
9pDQVHSRUHMHPSOR 218 6/HWWHUGDWHG0D\IURPWKH&KDLUPDQRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLO&RP
PLWWHHHVWDEOLVKHGSXUVXDQWWRUHVROXWLRQFRQFHUQLQJ$O4DLGDDQGWKH7DOLEDQDQGDVVRFLDWHGLQGLYLGXDOVDQGHQWLWLHV
DGGUHVVHGWRWKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOFRQWDLQLQJWKH1,17+5(3257RI WKH021,725,1*7($0SXUVXDQWWRUHVROXWLRQ
DQGH[WHQGHGE\UHVROXWLRQSSSiU218GRF$+5&5HSRUWRI WKH8QLWHG
1DWLRQV+LJK&RPPLVVLRQHUIRU+XPDQ5LJKWVRQWKHSURWHFWLRQRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPVZKLOHFRXQWHULQJ
WHUURULVPSSSiU
$QWHVGHODVHQWHQFLD7-&(.DGLHW$O%DUDNDDWHWDO$SSHORSFLWH/7-&(\DKDEtDDQXODGRHQXQDRFDVLyQDQWHULRUXQD
GHFLVLyQGHO&RQVHMRGHOD8(DSUREDWRULDGHXQDFXHUGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOOXHJRGHH[DPLQDUODOHJDOLGDGLQWHUQDGHGLFKRDFXHUGR
\GHKDEHUFRQVWDWDGRODYLRODFLyQGHXQSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGH'HUHFKR&RPXQLWDULRHQODRFXUUHQFLDHOSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGHQR
GLVFULPLQDFLyQ9pDVH7-&($OOHPDJQHF&RQVHLO&$UUrWPDUV5HFS,
Las listas negras del terrorismo y el respeto de los derechos...
Páginas 134 a 156
155
'2&80(17$&,Ð1<%,%/,2*5$)Ì$
Documentos oficiales
$66(0%/e(3$5/(0(17$,5('8&216(,/'(/·(8523(5DSSRUWDO·$VVHPEOpH3DUOHPHQWDLUHGX&RQVHLOGHO·(XURSH
&5(GLWLRQSURYLVRLUH6HVVLRQGH3UHPLqUHSDUWLHGHODFLQTXLqPHVpDQFHPHUFUHGLMDQYLHU
jKHXUHVS\VV
&267$5,&$HWDO-RLQW6WDWHPHQWRI WKHOLNHPLQGHG6WDWHVLQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKDJHQGDLWHP´6XEVLGLDU\ERGLHV
RI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOµ1HZ<RUN0D\SS
218'RF$+5&5HSRUWRI WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV+LJK&RPPLVVLRQHUIRU+XPDQ5LJKWV
RQWKHSURWHFWLRQRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPVZKLOHFRXQWHULQJWHUURULVPSS
218'RF(&13URWHFWLRQRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPVZKLOHFRXQ
WHULQJWHUURULVP1RWHE\WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV+LJK&RPPLVVLRQHUIRU+XPDQ5LJKWVUHSRUWRI WKHLQGH
SHQGHQWH[SHUWRQWKHSURWHFWLRQRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPVZKLOHFRXQWHULQJWHUURULVP
5REHUW.*ROGPDQDSSRLQWHGSXUVXDQWWR&RPPLVVLRQUHVROXWLRQSS
218'RF6$,GHQWLFDOOHWWHUVGDWHG0D\IURPWKH3HUPDQHQW5H
SUHVHQWDWLYHVRI *HUPDQ\6ZHGHQDQG6ZLW]HUODQGWRWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVDGGUHVVHGWRWKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\DQGWKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOSS
218'RF6/HWWHUGDWHG-DQXDU\IURPWKH2PEXGVSHUVRQDGGUHVVHGWRWKH
3UHVLGHQWRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOSS
218'RFVQ6WDWHPHQW,PSURYLQJIDLUDQGFOHDUSURFHGXUHV'RFXPHQWVXEPLWWHGWRWKH6HFXULW\
&RXQFLOE\6ZLW]HUODQGDQGWKH/LNH0LQGHG6WDWHVSS
2186/HWWHUGDWHG0D\IURPWKH&KDLUPDQRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLO&RPPLW
WHHHVWDEOLVKHGSXUVXDQWWRUHVROXWLRQFRQFHUQLQJ$O4DLGDDQGWKH7DOLEDQDQGDVVRFLDWHG
LQGLYLGXDOVDQGHQWLWLHVDGGUHVVHGWRWKH3UHVLGHQWRI WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLOFRQWDLQLQJWKH1,17+5(3257RI WKH021,725,1*7($0SXUVXDQWWRUHVROXWLRQDQGH[WHQGHGE\UHVROXWLRQSS
*URISPRUDENCIA
&257(('+*UDQGH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH%HKUDPLHW%HKUDPLF)UDQFHQRHW$IIDLUH6DUDPDWLF)UDQFH
$OHPDJHHW1RUYqJHQžGpFLVLRQVXUODUHFHYDELOLWpGXPDL
&257(('+*UDQGH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH%RVSKRUXV+DYD<ROODUL7XUL]P9H7LFDUHW$QRQLPLUNHWLF,UODQGHQR
$UUrWMXLQ
&257( ('+*UDQGH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH<RXVVHI 0RXVWDID1DGDF6XLVVHUHTXrWHQRSUHVHQWDGD
WUDVODGDGDDOD*UDQ6DODHQSURFHVRGHHQMXLFLDPLHQWR
7-&(*HQHUDO&RXUW3HRSOH·V0RMDKHGLQ2UJDQL]DWLRQRI ,UDQY&RXQFLO75HFS,,6HQWHQFH
'HFHPEHU
Criterio jurídico garantista
156
issn: 2145-3381 - Año 3 - No. 4 - Enero-Junio de 2011
7-&($OOHPDJQHF&RQVHLO&$UUrWPDUV
7-&(&RXUGHMXVWLFH$IIDLUHVMRLQWHV<DVVLQ$EGXOODK.DGLHW$O%DUDNDDWHW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RXQGDWLRQFRQWUH
OH&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH&3HW&3$SSHOVHSWHPEUH
7-&('HX[LqPH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH&KDILT$\DGF&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH73MXLOOHW$UUrW
7-&(3UHPLqUH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH-RVH0DULD6LVRQFOH&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH&3$UUrW
IpYULHU
7-&(3UHPLqUH&KDPEUH$IIDLUH2VPDQ2FDODQDXQRPGX.XUGLVWDQ:RUNHUV·3DUW\3..HW6HULI 9DQO\
DXQRPGX.XUGLVWDQ1DWLRQDO&RQJUHVV.1.FOH&RQVHLOGHO·8QLRQHXURSpHQQH&3$UUrW
MDQYLHU
7-&(7ULEXQDO*pQpUDO$IIDLUH.DGLF&RQVHLOHW&RPPLVVLRQ75HFS,,$UUrWVHSWHPEUH
7-&(7ULEXQDO*pQpUDO$IIDLUH<XVXI HW$O%DUDNDDW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RXQGDWLRQF&RQVHLOHW&RPPLVVLRQ7
5HFS,,$UUrWVHSWHPEUH
7-&(7ULEXQDO*HQHUDO6DODVpSWLPD$VXQWR<DVVLQ$EGXOODK.DGLF&RPLVLyQ(XURSHD76HQWHQFLD
GHVHSWLHPEUHGH
8.6& 0RKDPPHG -DEDU $KPHG DQG 2WKHUV 0RKDPPHG DO*KDEUD Y +HU 0DMHVW\·V 7UHDVXU\ DQG +HU
0DMHVW\·V7UHDVXU\Y5RQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI +DQL(O6D\HG6DEDHL<RXVVHI6HQWHQFH-DQXDU\
Libros
.(17*(25*(6Les obligations des organisations intergouvernementales dans le domaine des droits de l’homme &KUR
QLTXHeGLWLRQHQOLJQHGH1DWLRQV8QLHV
0$5&+$/',(5)$%,(1Les objectifs généraux du droit international privé à l’épreuve de la Convention européenne des
droits de l’homme7KqVH%UX\ODQW6WUDVERXUJ
Descargar