Español

FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX
SALUD MENTAL EN NIÑOS MIGRADOS:
ACERCAMIENTO A SU ESTUDIO A TRAVÉS
DEL PSICODIAGNÓSTICO DE RORSCHACH
MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN MIGRATED:
APPROACH TO THE STUDY THROUGH RORSCHACH
3DVVDODFTXD$OLFLD
M
S
N
O
P
Q
N
U
V
W
T
X
Y
R
Z
c
/DSUHVHQWHFRPXQLFDFLyQVHLQVFULEHGHQWURGHODLQYHV
/RVHIHFWRVGHODPLJUDFLyQHQODVGLIHUHQWHV
IUDQMDVHWDULDV´8%$&\7GLULJLGRSRUOD3URI
&RQVXOWD/LF$OLFLD3DVVDODFTXD
(OREMHWLYRGHHVWHWUDEDMRHVWUDQVPLWLUDVSHFWRVFXDQWL
WDWLYRV\FXDOLWDWLYRVUHIHULGRVDODFWRGHPLJUDUREWHQLGRV
HQXQDSHTXHxDPXHVWUDGHQLxRVFDVRVHQWUH\
DxRVGHDPERVVH[RV/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVVRQHO
3VLFRGLDJQyVWLFRGH5RUVFKDFKODDSOLFDFLyQGHOD(VFD
ODGH)XQFLRQHV<RLFDVGH5HDOLGDG()<5\OD(VFDOD
GH6XLFLGLRSDUD$GXOWRV(63$
/RVEDMRVYDORUHVGHORVQLxRVHQODDGDSWDFLyQGHODHV
FDOD()<5UHYHODODVGL¿FXOWDGHVHQDFRPRGDUVHDOQXH
YRPHGLR
/DPHGLDHQOD(VFDOD(63$HVGHSXQWRVORTXH
QRHYLGHQFLDULHVJRDXWRGHVWUXFWLYR$VLPLVPRODWHPiWL
FDGHOVXLFLGLRHQORVQLxRVHVXQWHPDDVHJXLULQYHVWL
JDQGRGHELGRDOULHVJRFUHFLHQWHHQGLFKDIUDQMDHWDULD
T
d
O
e
M
c
f
e
7KLVFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVSDUWRIWKHUHVHDUFK³7KHHIIHFWV
RI PLJUDWLRQ RQ GLIIHUHQW DJH JURXSV´ 8%$&\7 GLUHFWHGE\3URI$OLFLD3DVVDODFTXD
7KHDLPRIWKLVZRUNLVWRFRQYH\TXDQWLWDWLYHDQGTXDOLWDWLYH
DVSHFWVUHODWLQJWRWKHDFWRIPLJUDWLQJREWDLQHGLQDVPDOO
VDPSOHRIFKLOGUHQFDVHVEHWZHHQDQG\HDUVRI
ERWKVH[HV7KHLQVWUXPHQWVXVHGDUHWKH5RUVFKDFKDQG
DSSOLFDWLRQRI(JR)XQFWLRQV6FDOH5HDOLW\()<5DQG
6XLFLGH6FDOHIRU$GXOWV(63$
7KHORZYDOXHVRIFKLOGUHQLQDGDSWLQJ()<5VFDOHUHYHDOV
WKHGLI¿FXOWLHVLQDFFRPPRGDWLQJWKHQHZPHGLXP
6FDOH 0HDQ (63$ LV SRLQWV ZKLFK LV QRW VHOI
GHVWUXFWLYHULVNHYLGHQFH$OVRWKHWKHPHRIVXLFLGHLQ
FKLOGUHQLVDQLVVXHWREHIXUWKHULQYHVWLJDWHGGXHWRWKH
LQFUHDVHGULVNLQWKLVDJHJURXS
[
.H\ZRUGV
0LJUDWLRQ5RUVFKDFK&KLOGUHQ0HQWDO+HDOWK6XLFLGH
Z
\
V
]
V
^
_
V
`
W
]
V
a
b
Z
0LJUDFLyQ5RUVFKDFK1LxRV6DOXG0HQWDO6XLFLGLR
!
"
6
#
$
(
%
#
*
&
-
7
'
*
(
)
1
*
:
+
(
,
'
#
,
;
.
*
7
,
-
&
5
5
+
*
"
#
&
(
+
.
"
#
(
/
(
0
.
(
,
1
/
2
0
3
,
1
4
$
2
3
3
*
4
$
#
<
,
-
'
=
*
"
,
5
+
7
"
*
/
6
,
(
5
#
(
'
7
(
,
'
2
,
5
3
(
4
2
8
3
%
4
9
$
8
>
%
?
@
9
,
"
.
A
+
,
@
B
;
#
*
7
7
"
,
-
5
'
*
,
C
D
+
"
$
;
B
,
$
,
'
/LF\3URIHQ3VLFRORJtD(VSHFLDOLVWDHQ3VLFRGLDJQyVWLFRGH5RUVFKDFK
E
&
'
(
)
*
+
(
'
,
8
(
-
+
;
.
7
,
1
2
3
4
$
<
-
=
*
+
7
"
/
,
5
(
'
,
%
>
=
,
.
;
,
5
(
'
,
2
3
4
8
%
9
$
/LFHQ3VLFRORJtD(VSHFLDOLVWDHQ3VLFRGLDJQyVWLFRGH5RUVFKDFK'RFHQWH)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD8%$,QYHVWLJDGRUD8%$&\7
F
!
G
<
"
-
#
$
=
<
5
*
*
*
+
@
-
7
&
"
/
I
,
+
5
"
(
#
(
'
.
2
(
/
3
0
4
,
?
8
2
%
3
9
4
$
6
(
#
*
-
7
*
1
:
,
#
;
.
7
,
5
5
*
&
+
"
#
(
.
(
/
0
,
1
2
3
4
$
$
H
/LFHQFLDGDHQ3VLFRORJtD(VSHFLDOLVWDHQ3VLFRGLDJQyVWLFRGH5RUVFKDFK&RODERUDGRUD([WHUQD8%$&\7
J
<
5
*
@
L
$
K
DE LA PÁGINA 403 A LA 408
403
SALUD MENTAL EN NIÑOS MIGRADOS: ACERCAMIENTO A SU ESTUDIO A TRAVÉS DEL PSICODIAGNÓSTICO DE RORSCHACH
MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN MIGRATED: APPROACH TO THE STUDY THROUGH RORSCHACH
Sambucetti, Andrea; Passalacqua, Alicia; Simonotto, Teresa; Polidoro, Aldo; Mussoni, Ana María; Zuccolo, Sabrina; Greco, Nadia
g
N
O
c
M
M
h
i
i
h
/D PLJUDFLyQ HV XQD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD FRQVXVWDQFLDO D OD
QDWXUDOH]DKXPDQDGHVGHVXVRUtJHQHV/DSREODFLyQGH
$UJHQWLQDGHO~OWLPRVLJORVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODYDULDQWH
PLJUDWRULDGHQRPLQDGDYROXQWDULDTXHLQFOX\HODVOODPD
GDVPLJUDFLRQHVLQWHUQDV
2WUR GDWR QRWDEOH GH QXHVWUR SDtV VRQ VXV QLYHOHV GH
VXLFLGLRRFXSDQHOTXLQWROXJDUHQ$PpULFD/DWLQD
(Q DQWHULRUHV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV VH HQFRQWUy XQ FRUUHODWR
HQWUHDPEDVWHPiWLFDV'LYHUVRVHVWXGLRVKDQKDEODGR
VREUHORVHIHFWRVSVtTXLFRVGHODPLJUDFLyQHQORVMyYHQHV
\DGXOWRV3HURHQUHODFLyQDORVHIHFWRVSVtTXLFRVGHOD
PLJUDFLyQHQORVQLxRVODSURGXFFLyQHVHVFDVD
'HDOOtVXUJLyHVWDSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHLQLFLDHOHVWXGLRGHOD
PLJUDFLyQHQORVQLxRV(OREMHWLYRGHODPLVPDHVWUDQV
PLWLUDVSHFWRVFXDQWLWDWLYRV\FXDOLWDWLYRVUHIHULGRVDODFWR
GHPLJUDUREWHQLGRVHQXQDSHTXHxDPXHVWUDGHQLxRV
$WRGRVHOORVVHOHVDGPLQLVWUyHOWHVWGH5RUVFKDFK/RV
FULWHULRVSDUDODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQFODVL¿FDFLyQ\DQiOLVLVGH
GLFKDWpFQLFDVLJXLHURQORVOLQHDPLHQWRVHVWDEOHFLGRVSRU
OD(VFXHOD$UJHQWLQDGH5RUVFKDFK
$VLPLVPRVHDSOLFyDFDGDSURWRFRORODVHVFDODV(63$
\()<5D¿QGHHYDOXDUHOSRWHQFLDOGHULHVJRVXLFLGD\
HO HVWDGR DFWXDO GH ODV )XQFLRQHV <RLFDV GH 5HDOLGDG
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
/DPLJUDFLyQSXHGHLQYROXFUDUDOJ~QWLSRGH³GHVDPSDUR´
GHELGR D ODV SpUGLGDV SVLFROyJLFDV \ VRFLDOHV TXH WUDH
FRQVLJR(QPXFKDVRFDVLRQHVGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRPLJUD
WRULRORVQLxRV\QLxDVSXHGHQDIURQWDUVHQWLPLHQWRVGH
SpUGLGD\RGHVDUUDLJRFDPELRVHQODLGHQWLGDGSHUVRQDO
VH SLHUGHQ DOJXQDV UHIHUHQFLDV SHUR DSDUHFHQ RWUDV
PRGL¿FDFLRQHVHQODSHUFHSFLyQTXHHOQLxR\QLxDWLHQH
GHVtPLVPR\GHVXHQWRUQRHWF(VWRVHIHFWRVVHVLHQWHQ
GREOHPHQWHFXDQGRVHSURGXFHQVHSDUDFLRQHVIDPLOLDUHV
TXHVHSURORQJDQHQHOWLHPSR
/RVQLxRV\DGROHVFHQWHVSLHUGHQXQDIXHQWHLPSRUWDQWH
GHVHJXULGDGHOJUXSRGHDPLJRV\FRPSDxHURVGHFODVH
FRQ TXLHQHV FRPSDUWHQ VX HVWDGLR GH GHVDUUROOR \ FRQ
TXLHQHVKDQHVWDEOHFLGRXQDEDVHGHFRQ¿DQ]DUHFtSURFD
\ GHEHQ FRPHQ]DU GH QXHYR HQ XQ YHFLQGDULR \ PHGLR
HVFRODUSHUFLELGRVLQRFRPRKRVWLODOPHQRVFRPRLQGL
IHUHQWH(VWRRFXUUHPLHQWUDVORVSDGUHVHQYXHOWRVHQVXV
SURSLRVHVIXHU]RVDGDSWDWLYRVUHVXOWDQPHQRVDFFHVLEOHV
FRPRIXHQWHGHDSR\R/RVDGROHVFHQWHVWLHQHQQLYHOHV
FUtWLFRVGHGHSUHVLyQHLGHDFLyQVXLFLGDFRUUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQHOHVWUpVGHODDFXOWXUDFLyQ\H[SHFWDWLYDVQRSRVLWLYDV
KDFLDHOIXWXUR$SHVDUGHHVRSRVHHQXQDDOWHUQDWLYD
VXHOHQUHIXJLDUVHHQODVGHQRPLQDGDV³EDQGDVMXYHQLOHV´
0DU[HQRIUHFLpQGROHVDORVMyYHQHVXQDUHHWQL¿
FDFLyQ \ XQD HVWUXFWXUD DIHFWLYD SDUD DIURQWDU PHMRU HO
GXHOR3HURORVQLxRVQRFXHQWDQFRQHVWHVRSRUWHSRUOR
TXHHVWiQHQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHPD\RUYXOQHUDELOLGDGFDX
VDGDSRUHOGHELOLWDGRVRVWpQYLQFXODU\SRUXQ\RWRGDYtD
HQIRUPDFLyQDSHVDUGHSRVHHUXQDHVWUXFWXUDGH¿QLGD
DFRUGHDODHWDSDHYROXWLYD(VWDVLWXDFLyQVHFRQWUDSRQH
DODLGHDTXHVRVWHQtDQDOJXQRVWHyULFRVTXHVLORVQLxRV
PLJUDEDQFRQVXIDPLOLDHVSHFLDOPHQWHFRQVXVSDGUHVR
VXVWLWXWRV OHV VHUtD PHQRV FRVWRVR TXH D ORV DGXOWRV
DGDSWDUVHDODQXHYDVLWXDFLyQHQODTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDQ
404
DUDt]GHODFWRPLJUDWRULRFDVDHVFXHODDPLJRVIDPLOLD
UHVLQGLUHFWRV
0LHQWUDVDFRQWHFHHOSURFHVRGHUHFRQVWLWXFLyQGHODUHG
PXFKDVIXQFLRQHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHVFXPSOLGDVSRUODYLHMD
UHGSHUPDQHFHQLQVDWLVIHFKDV'XUDQWHHVHSHULRGRTXH
SXHGHGXUDUDxRVODIDPLOLDVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQHVWDGRGH
VWUHVVFUtWLFRDXQFXDQGRORVPLHPEURVVXHOHQQRSHUFD
WDUVH GH TXH PXFKDV IXQFLRQHV YLWDOHV SDUD VX SURSLR
ELHQHVWDUKDQGHVDSDUHFLGR,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHV
GHVWDFDQ1DYDUUR%DUULRV-\5RGUtJXH]*RQ]iOH]:
ODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODSR\RSVLFRVRFLDODFWXDQGRFR
PRSURWHFWRUDQWHORVHVWUHVDQWHVYLWDOHV/RVJUXSRVGH
LQPLJUDQWHVTXHQRGRPLQDQODOHQJXDGHOSDtVGHUHVLGHQ
FLDSRGUtDQWHQHUFLHUWRJUDGRGHLQFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQHO
PHGLRTXHORVURGHDDLVODPLHQWR\H[FOXVLyQORTXHORV
OOHYDUtDDWHQHUXQSREUHVRSRUWHVRFLDO\HQFRQVHFXHQ
FLDPD\RUHVQLYHOHVGHDQVLHGDG\GHSUHVLyQ
3XHGHH[LVWLUXQDDGDSWDFLyQH[LWRVD\HQULTXHFHGRUDGHO
PLJUDQWHLJXDOPHQWHUHTXLHUHODGHIRUPDFLyQGHVXVHOI
4XHGDUiVLHPSUHHQHOVXMHWRXQDVSHFWRGHVFRQHFWDGR
DPRUIR1RVLJQL¿FDTXHHOPLJUDQWHWRPHODYtDGHXQIDOVR
VHOIVLQRTXHDFRQGLFLRQDFRPRIDOVRVHOIHQIRUPDSDUFLDO
\ORFDOL]DGDXQDSDUWHGHVXYLGDSVtTXLFD\HVWRDItQGH
SUHVHUYDUXQYtQFXORtQWLPRFRQVXFXOWXUDGHRULJHQ
(QWUHORVIDFWRUHVTXHSURPXHYHQHOVXLFLGLRHQORVQLxRV
VHHQFXHQWUDQODGHVLQWHJUDFLyQIDPLOLDUPXGDQ]DVHWF
FDUDFWHUtVWLFRVGHODUHORFDFLyQJHRJUi¿FD
8QDLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHHOWHPDVHUtDUHOHYDQWHSDUDGH
WHFWDUSRVLEOHVDOWHUDFLRQHV\RPD\RUULHVJRVXLFLGDHQ
GLFKDSREODFLyQORFXDOSRVLELOLWDUtDSODQL¿FDUIXWXUDVDF
FLRQHVSUHYHQWLYDVPHGLDQWHODSVLFRWHUDSLDFX\DH¿FDFLD
TXHGyGHPRVWUDGDHQDQWHULRUHVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV\VLJQL
¿FDUtDXQDSRUWHDODGLVFLSOLQDSVLFROyJLFD
6HJ~QOD2UJDQL]DFLyQ0XQGLDOGHOD6DOXGODV
~OWLPDVWDVDVGHVXLFLGLRSRUSDtVGLVSRQLEOHVHQOD5HJLyQ
GHODV$PpULFDV$UJHQWLQDWLHQHXQDWDVDGHRFXSDQ
GRHOTXLQWROXJDUHQODUHJLyQ6LJXLHQGRODVLQYHVWLJDFLR
QHVGHO0LQLVWHULRGH6DOXGGHOD1DFLyQHOVXLFLGLRHVXQ
SUREOHPDHQFUHFLPLHQWRTXHH[LJHDFFLRQHVLQPHGLDWDV
SDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQODSREODFLyQMRYHQSRUORTXHVHKDFH
QHFHVDULR LPSOHPHQWDU D OD EUHYHGDG SRVLEOH PHGLGDV
WHQGLHQWHVDGLVPLQXLUVXPDJQLWXG3DUDHODxRODV
FDXVDVH[WHUQDVVRQODTXLQWDFDXVDGHPXHUWHHQQXHVWUR
SDtV(OJUXSRGH PD\RUULHVJRVRQORV PD\RUHVGH
DxRVVHJXLGRVSRUORVDGROHVFHQWHVGHHQWUH\
DxRV3DUDODIUDQMDTXHYDGHVGHHODxR
DOPiVGHODPLWDGGHORVLQWHQWRVGHVXLFLGLR
VRQSURWDJRQL]DGRVSRUMyYHQHVGHHQWUH\DxRV
/RVVXLFLGLRVRFXSDQHOƒOXJDUHQHOJUXSRGHD
DxRVFRQXQSRUFHQWDMHGHODxR
/DV ~OWLPDV HVWDGtVWLFDV GHO 0LQLVWHULR GH 6DOXG GH OD
1DFLyQGHODxRGDQFXHQWDGHXQSRUFHQWDMHGHO
HQHOJUXSRGHDDxRV3RUORTXHHOVXLFLGLRHQ
GLFKDIUDQMDHWDULDKDDXPHQWDGR(OSRUFHQWDMHSURPHGLR
GHORVYDURQHVHVGHOPLHQWUDVTXHHOGHODVPXMHUHV
HVGH
/D &iWHGUD GH 5RUVFKDFK HQ VX WUDEDMR GH ([WHQVLyQ
8QLYHUVLWDULDTXHUHDOL]DHQFRQMXQWRFRQOD&iWHGUDGH
3VLFRDQiOLVLV(VFXHOD,QJOHVDHQOD6HGH$YHOODQHGDGH
DE LA PÁGINA 403 A LA 408
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX
OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH%XHQRV$LUHVHQFRQWUyFDVRVGHQLxRV
PLJUDGRVRKLMRVGHPLJUDGRVTXHSXQWXDEDQEDMRHQOD
DSOLFDGD(VFDODGH(YDOXDFLyQGHODV)XQFLRQHV<RLFDV
GH5HDOLGDG()<5\DOWRHQOD(VFDOD(63$GHGHWHF
FLyQGHSRWHQFLDOVXLFLGDWUDQVIRUPiQGRORVDHOORVPLV
PRVHQSREODFLyQHQULHVJR'HDOOtVXUJHPD\RULWDULDPHQ
WHODPXHVWUDTXHVHGHVFULEHDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
08(675$'(1,f26
1,f260,*5$'26&$626£( ;7(5126
,17(5126
£9$521(6
08-(5(6
d
i
c
R
j
$VLPLVPRORVYDORUHVGHOD()<5IXHURQPHQRUHVHQHO
JUXSRGHORVPLJUDGRVLQWHUQRVDVtFRPRFDGDXQDGHVXV
IXQFLRQHVHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODVGHOJUXSRGHPLJUDGRV
H[WHUQRV
k
r
l
m
n
t
u
v
*(1(526
o
n
s
m
s
p
q
m
y
m
y
m
s
|
m
l
{
o
p
m
{
l
{
o
y
r
v
w
r
x
m
v
~

…
‚
r
z
{
y
m
w
y
z
m
m
r
v
€

‚
z
{
y
m
y
r
}
r
ƒ
m
v
z
{
y
m
|
o
|
m
~

„

ƒ
~

‡
„
„

ƒ
€

‡
~

~
€

‡
…
ƒ

‚
€
~
‚

†
…
†
~
€
†
~
ˆ
…

ƒ
~

†
~

‚
ƒ


ƒ
~

…

ƒ
€

‡
~

ˆ
ƒ

…
„

ƒ
~


…
‚

~

ƒ
~

„
„


ˆ
~


„
‡


~
ˆ
†
‡
ˆ
…
ƒ
‡ 9$521(6
()<5
ƒ

~
~
„

‡
„
‚
z
y
r
†
ƒ
‡ 08-(5(6
()<5
‚
&RQWLQXDQGRFRQHODQiOLVLVVHJ~QHOJpQHURORVYDORUHV
GHOD()<5IXHURQPHQRUHVHQHOJUXSRGHORVYDURQHV
DVtFRPRFDGDXQDGHVXVIXQFLRQHVH[FHSWXDQGRHOMXL
FLRGHUHDOLGDGHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQHOJUXSRGHODVPX
MHUHV'LFKRVUHVXOWDGRVSRGUtDQLQGLFDUTXHHQHVWDSH
TXHxDPXHVWUDODVPXMHUHVWHQGUtDQXQDPHQRUDIHFWDFLyQ
HQODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQGHOSVLTXLVPR
0(',$6()<5£3UXHEDGH5
$GDSWDFLyQDOD5
-XLFLRGH5
(63$

‰
V
Y
Š
]
T
`
T
`
‹
b
Œ
V

Ž


‘

’
“
”
•
–

—
˜
–
“
Ž
™
˜
—


Ž
’
“
š
“

‘
—
’

’
()<53DVVDODFTXDHWDOODFXDOSHUPLWHUHDOL
]DUFDUDFWHUL]DFLRQHVSVLFRSDWROyJLFDVDSDUWLUGHVLJQRV
5RUVFKDFKUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHVWDVIXQFLRQHVFRPRDVt
WDPELpQHYDOXDUFDPELRSVtTXLFRSXGRREVHUYDUVHTXH
GHODVWUHVIXQFLRQHV$GDSWDFLyQDODUHDOLGDG-XLFLRGH
UHDOLGDG\3UXHEDGHUHDOLGDGODIXQFLyQGLVPLQXLGDHQHO
WRWDOGHORVFDVRVIXHOD$GDSWDFLyQ(VWDSHUPLWHDQDOL]DU
HOJUDGRGHDMXVWHTXHSUHVHQWDODSHUVRQDDODVSDXWDV
QRUPDWLYDV GH VX FXOWXUD 3HUPLWH FRPSDUWLU SXQWRV GH
YLVWD\DUULEDUDXQDYLVLyQFRQVHQVXDGDFRQHOJUXSRGH
UHIHUHQFLD6LELHQHVWRHVDVtD~QHQQLxRVGHHVWDHGDG
FURQROyJLFDTXHQRDWUDYHVDURQSRUHOSURFHVRPLJUDWRULR
\D TXH OD $GDSWDFLyQ QR SXHGH ORJUDVH WRGDYtD SRU OR
DE LA PÁGINA 403 A LA 408
›
œ

(63$HV
XQDHVFDODGLVHxDGDDSDUWLUGHSURWRFRORV5RUVFKDFKGH
VXMHWRVTXHKDEtDQFRPHWLGRVXLFLGLR\TXHSHUPLWHHYD
OXDUFRQHVWDWpFQLFDHOSRWHQFLDOGHULHVJRDXWRGHVWUXFWL
YR3DVVDODFTXDHWDO/D(63$TXHFRQVWDGH
VLJQRV5RUVFKDFKKDGHPRVWUDGRVHUXQDKHUUDPLHQWD
H¿FD]DOPRPHQWRGHHYDOXDUULHVJRDXWRGHVWUXFWLYR2UL
JLQDOPHQWH FRQVWUXLGD SDUD DGXOWRV VH KD XWLOL]DGR HQ
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVFRQSREODFLRQHVGHGLIHUHQWHV
HGDGHVDSDUWLUGHORVVHLVDxRVREVHUYiQGRVHXQDDOWD
FRUUHODFLyQFRQSUXHEDVREMHWLYDVTXHWDPELpQORPLGHQ
FRPRHO0$67
/DPHGLDGHOD(63$HV/RTXHHYLGHQFLDHVWDUSRU
GHEDMRGHORVSDUiPHWURVTXHLQGLTXHQULHVJRDXWRGHV
WUXFWLYRDSDUWLUGHSXQWRV
Œ
()<5
&RQUHVSHFWRDODPXHVWUDGHQLxRVHOSHTXHxRQ~PHURGH
FDVRVQRSRVLELOLWDOOHJDUDFRQFOXVLRQHVJHQHUDOL]DEOHV
6LQHPEDUJRHODQiOLVLVGHORVUHVXOWDGRVSRVLELOLWySODQ
WHDUDOJXQDVLQIHUHQFLDV
]
‡ 0,*5$'26(;7(5126
()<5
‡ 0(',$
()<5
5(68/7$'26727$/(61 c
7,32'(0,*5$&,Ï1
‡ 0,*5$'26,17(5126
()<5
$1$/,6,6&8$17,7$7,92
e
PHQRVDODPDQHUDDGXOWDHVHYLGHQWHTXHHOKHFKRGH
TXHWRGRVORVQLxRVGHHVWDPXHVWUDKD\DQSXQWXDGREDMR
HQ HVWD IXQFLyQ UHYHOD FODUDPHQWH ODV GL¿FXOWDGHV HQ
DFRPRGDUVHDOQXHYRPHGLR
V

Ž


‘

’
“
œ
˜
ž
“
–

—

‘
›
•
—

—
’

Ÿ



’
•
‘
ž
˜
Ž
7,32'(0,*5$&,Ï1
‡
(63$
š
¡
¢

¤
¥
›

¦
§

š
¨
¥
›
£
405
SALUD MENTAL EN NIÑOS MIGRADOS: ACERCAMIENTO A SU ESTUDIO A TRAVÉS DEL PSICODIAGNÓSTICO DE RORSCHACH
MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN MIGRATED: APPROACH TO THE STUDY THROUGH RORSCHACH
Sambucetti, Andrea; Passalacqua, Alicia; Simonotto, Teresa; Polidoro, Aldo; Mussoni, Ana María; Zuccolo, Sabrina; Greco, Nadia
‡
(63$
š
¡
¢

¤
¥
›
¨
£
§

š
¨
¥
›
¢
N
(Q UHODFLyQ DO WLSR GH PLJUDFLyQ H[WHUQD R LQWHUQD ORV
QLxRVPLJUDGRVLQWHUQRVSUHVHQWDURQXQYDORUGHOD(63$
PiVHOHYDGRHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVGHPLJUDFLyQH[WHU
QD R VHD TXH HYLGHQFLDURQ PD\RU ULHVJR GH SDVDMH DO
DFWRORVSULPHURVTXHORVVHJXQGRV
*(1(52
‡
(63$

š
¥
¨

›
ª
©
R
‡
(63$

¡
«
š

›
ª
¬
(QUHODFLyQDOJpQHURODVQLxDVPLJUDGDVSUHVHQWDURQXQ
YDORUGHOD(63$PiVHOHYDGRHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORV
QLxRVPLJUDGRVSRUORTXHHYLGHQFLDURQPD\RUULHVJRGH
SDVDMH DO DFWR ODV SULPHUDV TXH ORV VHJXQGRV 'LFKRV
YDORUHVFRLQFLGHQFRQODVHVWDGtVWLFDVGHO0LQLVWHULRGH
6DOXGGHOD1DFLyQHQHOFXDOODVPXMHUHVGHWRGDVODV
HGDGHVSUHVHQWDQPiVLQWHQWRVGHVXLFLGLRPLHQWUDVTXH
ORVKRPEUHVVRQORVTXHFRQVXPDQPD\RUPHQWHHODFWR
c
°
R
­
i
O
®
O
f
P
c
i
®
e
c
e
®
¯
c
²
³
´
±
¸
¹
406
º
´
²
¸
µ
¶
·
»
¼
¼
h
¾
²
·
R
¼
¸
²
½
´
f
¿
i
P
O
®
h
R
N
O
,QGXGDEOHPHQWHHOSHTXHxRQ~PHURGHFDVRVTXHFRP
SRQHQ OD PXHVWUD GH QLxRV QR SRVLELOLWDQ OOHJDU SRU HO
PRPHQWRDFRQFOXVLRQHVJHQHUDOL]DEOHV
h
'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDFXDOLWDWLYRKD\SRFDVUHIHUHQFLDV
HQODVUHVSXHVWDVDO5RUVFKDFKGHORVQLxRVHQFXDQWRD
XQDH[SUHVLyQGLUHFWDRVLPEyOLFDGHOSURFHVRPLJUDWRULR
7DPSRFRVHKDQSUHVHQWDGRFRQWDQWDIUHFXHQFLDIHQy
PHQRVHVSHFLDOHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHDVRFLDGRVDYLYHQFLDV
GHGDxRGXHORRVLWXDFLRQHVWUDXPiWLFDV
6LQHPEDUJRDODQDOL]DUDOJXQRVGHORVFDVRVLQGLYLGXDO
PHQWHKXERGRVQLxRVPLJUDGRVLQWHUQRVXQYDUyQ\XQD
PXMHUTXHSXQWXDURQDOWRHQOD(63$HQWDQWRORVYDORUHV
GHOD()<5IXHURQEDMRV
$PERVSUHVHQWDURQHQVXVSURWRFRORV5RUVFKDFKIHQy
PHQRVHVSHFLDOHVUHODFLRQDGRVDLQWHQVDDQVLHGDGSDUD
QRLGH6LQLHVWURDXPHQWDGRYLYHQFLDVGHGDxR0RUH
LQFOXVRSHOLJURGHGHVLQWHJUDFLyQSVtTXLFD6SOLWWLQJ
SXQWXyVLJQRVHQOD(63$\SXQWRVHQ
OD()<5
SUHVHQWyVLJQRVHQOD(63$\HQOD()<5
$OEHUWRHVXQYDUyQGHDxRVTXHKDEtDPLJUDGRKDFtD
DxRVGH0LVLRQHVDODHGDGGHDxRV6XPDGUHHV
SDUDJXD\D
(QODDFWXDOLGDGYLYHFRQVXVWtRVHQ%XHQRV$LUHV6X
PDGUHWLHQHRWURVKLMRVGHGLIHUHQWHVSDGUHVHOQLxRQR
FRQRFHDVXSDGUH+DVXIULGRXQFXDGURGHGHVQXWULFLyQ
GHEHEp\HVHIXHHOPRWLYRSRUHOFXDOVXWtRKHUPDQRGH
ODPDGUHORWUDHD%V$V/D~OWLPDYH]TXHYLRDVXPD
PiIXHHQ)HEUHURGH
(QWUHORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHULHVJRGHOD(63$$OEHUWRSUH
VHQWyODVUHVSXHVWDV³SXHUWD´\³W~QHO´FRQWHQLGRVFRQVL
GHUDGDVUHOHYDQWHV\DTXHVHSUHVHQWDURQVRODPHQWHHQ
ODSREODFLyQGHVXLFLGDGRV
&DQGHODHVXQDQHQDGHDxRVTXHPLJUyGHO&KDFR\
YLYHFRQVXVSDGUHVDGRSWLYRV
`
f
®
f
$OJXQRVHMHPSORVGHUHVSXHVWDVGHORVQLxRVVRQ
DxRVPLJUDGDGH3HU~GHVGHKDFtDDxRV\TXH
DVLVWtDDOSULPHUDxRGHODHVFXHODSULPDULD9LYtDFRQVX
PDGUH\QRWHQtDYtQFXORFRQVXSDGUH
/iPLQD,³3DUHFHXQPXUFLpODJRSHURQRHV´
/iPLQD9,,³«3DUHFHXQSDtV£3HURQR´
,QWHUURJDWRULR³$\QRVpXQSDtV´
6HLQ¿ULyHQHVWHFDVRODQHFHVLGDGGHVREUHDGDSWDUVH
EULQGDQGRXQDDSDULHQFLDGHIDOVRVHOI4XL]iVHDHOUH
FXUVRDOTXHGHELyDSHODUGHELGRDTXHORVQLxRVPLJUDGRV
FXHQWDQFRQXQPHQRUVRSRUWHSVLFRVRFLDOFDXVDGRSRU
HOGHELOLWDGRVRVWpQYLQFXODUHQHOFDVRGH\SRUXQ<R
WRGDYtDHQIRUPDFLyQ
DxRVPLJUyGH3HU~KDFHDxRV
/;³0DULSRVDSRUTXHHQ3HU~YLTXHXQQLxRTXHOHFRUWy
ODVDODV´
6LELHQODQHFHVLGDGGHUHIHULUVHDVtPLVPRHVXQIHQy
PHQRHVSHUDEOHHQORVQLxRVOD5HVSXHVWDGH'HIHFWR
KDUtDDOXVLyQDDQVLHGDGGHFDVWUDFLyQDODSUHRFXSDFLyQ
SRUHVWDUURWDRODVWLPDGDDOXGLHQGRHQHVWHFDVRDOD
YLYHQFLDGHHVWDULPSRVLELOLWDGDGH³YRODU´
6HSRGUtDVHxDODUTXHORVEDMRVYDORUHVGHWRGRVORVQLxRV
HQODDGDSWDFLyQGHODHVFDOD()<5UHYHODFODUDPHQWH
ODV GL¿FXOWDGHV HQ DFRPRGDUVH DO QXHYR PHGLR 'LFKD
VLWXDFLyQVHUHODFLRQDFRQHOFDVR(PLOLDTXLHQSUHVHQWD
XQDVREUHDGDSWDFLyQ6HLQ¿HUHTXHVXVSDGUHVTXLHQHV
VRQVXVUHIHUHQWHVHVWiQDWUDYHVDGRVHOORVPLVPRVSRU
ODHODERUDFLyQGHORWUDXPiWLFRQRHVWDQGRDFFHVLEOHVD
ORVKLMRV\SRUHQGHQRFXPSOLHQGRODIXQFLyQGHVRVWpQ
3RURWURODGRORVQLxRVWDPSRFRFXHQWDQFRQHOJUXSRGH
SHUWHQHQFLDFRPRORVDGROHVFHQWHV7RGDODIDPLOLDVH
HQFXHQWUD DWUDYHVDQGR HO SURFHVR PLJUDWRULR SHUR ORV
QLxRVGLVSRQHQGHKHUUDPLHQWDVGLIHUHQWHVGHELGRDXQ
\RHQIRUPDFLyQ
$VLPLVPRORVPLJUDGRVLQWHUQRVSUHVHQWDQSXQWDMHVGHV
FHQGLGRVHQOD()<5HQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODVGHOJUXSR
GH PLJUDGRV H[WHUQRV FRPR DVt WDPELpQ ORV YDURQHV
UHVSHFWRGHODVPXMHUHV
5HVSHFWRDOD(VFDOD(63$ODPHGLDHVSXQWRVOR
TXH HYLGHQFLD HVWDU SRU GHEDMR GH ORV SDUiPHWURV TXH
LQGLTXHQULHVJRDXWRGHVWUXFWLYR
/RV YDORUHV DGTXLHUHQ PD\RU GLVSHUVLyQ DO DQDOL]DU OD
PLJUDFLyQ H[WHUQD UHVSHFWR GH OD LQWHUQD \ ORV YDURQHV
UHVSHFWR GH ODV PXMHUHV /RV QLxRV PLJUDGRV LQWHUQRV
SUHVHQWDQXQSXQWDMHGHVXSHUDQGRORVYDORUHVGHORV
PLJUDGRVH[WHUQRVSXQWRV/DVPXMHUHVSUHVHQWDQXQ
SXQWDMHGHVXSHUDQGRDOGHORVYDURQHVSXQWRV
$XQTXH HVWDV PHGLDV QR VHDQ VLJQL¿FDWLYDV HQ OR TXH
UH¿HUHDOULHVJRDXWRGHVWUXFWLYR\GHVHVWUXFWXUDFLyQSVt
TXLFDGHEHWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDTXHGHFDVRVFDVRV
&DQGHOD \ $OEHUWR SXQWXDURQ DOWR HQ OD (VFDOD (63$
HYLGHQFLDQGRULHVJRDXWRGHVWUXFWLYR7DPELpQVHREVHU
DE LA PÁGINA 403 A LA 408
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX
YDQEDMRVSXQWDMHVHQOD(VFDOD()<5ORTXHLPSOLFDUtD
FLHUWDDIHFWDFLyQHQODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQ\RLFDPiVDOOiTXH
SRUVXHGDG\DxRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGLFKDRUJDQL]D
FLyQHVWpHQSURFHVR
,JXDOPHQWH GHEH GHVWDFDUVH TXH HQ $OEHUWR KD\ RWUDV
YDULDEOHVDWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDHODEDQGRQRGHVXSDGUH
OXHJRHOGHVXPDGUHODGHVQXWULFLyQTXHVHJXUDPHQWH
LQÀX\HURQHQORVDOWRVYDORUHVGHOD(63$\EDMRVSXQWDMHV
HQOD()<5
6LWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDHVWRVGRVFDVRVGHXQWRWDOGH\
ODVFLIUDVEULQGDGDVSRUHO0LQLVWHULRGH6DOXGGHOD1DFLyQ
ODVFXDOHVLQGLFDQXQFUHFLPLHQWRGHOSRUFHQWDMHGHVXLFLGLR
HQXQHQFXDWURDxRVDODWHPiWLFDGHO
VXLFLGLRHQORVQLxRVHVXQWHPDDVHJXLULQYHVWLJDQGR
GHELGRDOULHVJRFUHFLHQWHHQGLFKDIUDQMDHWDULD
DE LA PÁGINA 403 A LA 408
407
SALUD MENTAL EN NIÑOS MIGRADOS: ACERCAMIENTO A SU ESTUDIO A TRAVÉS DEL PSICODIAGNÓSTICO DE RORSCHACH
MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN MIGRATED: APPROACH TO THE STUDY THROUGH RORSCHACH
Sambucetti, Andrea; Passalacqua, Alicia; Simonotto, Teresa; Polidoro, Aldo; Mussoni, Ana María; Zuccolo, Sabrina; Greco, Nadia
À
Á
À
Â
Á
Ã
Ä
Å
Æ
Ç
È
'25(6(136,&2/2*Ë$'(/0(5&2685'HODOGH
QRYLHPEUH GH %XHQRV $LUHV $UJHQWLQD
Æ
á
&DVWUR ) 3DVVDODFTXD $ 3XEOLFDGR HQ OD 5HYLVWD 3VLFRGLDJ
QyVWLFRGH5RUVFKDFK\RWUDV7pFQLFDV3UR\HFWLYDV³
Á
É
Ê
Ë
Ì
Í
Ù
Ú
Ò
Ì
Î
×
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ë
É
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ë
Ì
Ò
Õ
Ö
é
ð
Ô
Ð
×
Ð
Ö
Í
Ë
Ì
Ò
Õ
Ö
Ï
Ð
Ì
Ë
â
×
Þ
Î
Ð
×
Ì
Í
Ï
Î
Ð
×
Ê
Ö
Ò
×
î
Ø
Î
ç
×
Î
Ð
3XEOLFDGRHQVXV0HPRULDV
3iJLQDVD7RPR,9$xR,661FRQ
&RPLWp&LHQWt¿FRLQWHUQDFLRQDO
×
Ì
Î
Ñ
Ë
Ô
Ò
Ë
Ï
Î
×
ä
×
Ú
×
É
Ë
Ï
Ô
Ð
×
å
Û
ï
Ï
Ñ
Ð
Ñ
Ë
É
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ë
Ì
Ò
Õ
Ö
Ð
Ö
Ñ
Ë
Ô
Ð
Ë
Ñ
Ò
Ï
Ë
Ï
Ê
×
Ø
Ù
Ú
Ò
Ì
Ë
Û
Ü
Ö
Ë
Ö
Ý
Ñ
Ò
×
Ò
×
Ï
Ð
×
Ï
Ð
´3iJVD$xR1~PHUR
FRQUHIHUDWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHLQGL]DFLyQ'LFLHPEUHGH
,661
Ë
×
Þ
Ú
Ö
Ì
Ò
Î
Ö
Ð
×
Ï
Ð
Ô
Ð
Ë
Ñ
Ò
Ï
Ë
Ï
(LJXHU$³(OIDOVRVHOIGHOPLJUDQWH´HQ$VRFLDFLyQHVFXHODDU
JHQWLQDGHSVLFRWHUDSLDVSDUDJUDGXDGRV9ROSS
0DU[HQ(³'XHORPLJUDWRULR\EDQGDVMXYHQLOHV´HQ5HYLVWDGH
SVLFRSDWRORJtD\VDOXGPHQWDOGHOQLxR\GHODGROHVFHQWH9RO
SS$EULO
6OX]NL&(³'LVUXSFLyQGHODUHG\UHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODUHGHQHO
SURFHVRGHODPLJUDFLyQHQ6LVWHPDVIDPLOLDUHV9RO1ž
SS
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHPD\RGH
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHMXOLRGH
0LQLVWHULRGH6DOXG3UHVLGHQFLDGHOD1DFLyQ6LVWHPDGH9LJL
ODQFLD (SLGHPLROyJLFD HQ 6DOXG 0HQWDO \ $GLFFLRQHV ³3HU¿O
Ð
Ê
Ò
Ë
Ê
Ô
Ï
Ð
Î
É
Ò
à
Ò
Î
Ñ
É
Ë
Õ
Ó
Ì
Ò
Ò
Î
Ì
Î
Ö
Ð
Ï
Ð
Ñ
×
Ú
Ò
Ì
Ò
Ï
Ò
Î
Ð
Ö
Æ
Ô
Ó
Ð
Ö
Í
Ò
Ö
Ë
ß
Æ
Ñ
Ó
Ú
Ö
Ë
×
´$f2
×
1DYDUUR%DUULRV-&\5RGUtJXH]*RQ]iOH]:³'HSUHVLyQ\DQ
VLHGDG HQ LQPLJUDQWHV XQ HVWXGLR H[SORUDWRULR HQ *UDQDGD
(VSDxDHQ,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQVDOXG9RO1žSS
'LFLHPEUH
3DVVDODFTXD $ 6LPRQRWWR 7 0HQHVWULQD 1 $OYDUDGR 0/
1~xH] $0 *KHUDUGL & &DVWUR ) *DUFtD $ %RXVWRXUH
$0XVVRQL$0\3LFFRQH$3XEOLFDGRHQOD5HYLVWDGH
3VLFRORJtD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG &pVDU 9DOOHMR GH 7UXMLOOR 3HU~
á
Ñ
â
Þ
Ð
Ì
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ë
×
É
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ë
Ì
Ò
Î
Ö
Ð
×
×
Î
ã
Ô
Ð
Ð
Ñ
Ê
Î
Í
Ð
Ö
Ì
Ò
Ë
Ñ
×
Ú
Ò
Ì
Ò
Ï
Ë
ä
3iJLQDV9ROX
PHQ$xR,661FRQUHIHUDWRLQWHUQD
FLRQDOHLQGL]DFLyQ
Ë
×
Þ
Ú
Ö
Ì
Ò
Î
Ö
Ð
×
ä
Î
Ò
Ì
Ë
×
Ï
Ð
Ô
Ð
Ë
Ñ
Ò
Ï
Ë
Ï
å
ß
3DVVDODFTXD$0HQHVWULQD16LPRQRWWR71~xH]$0$O
YDUDGR0/0XVVRQL$0%RXVWRXUH0$*KHUDUGL&
&DVWUR ) *DUFtD $ \ 3LFFRQH $ HQ HO ;;, &21*5(62
$5*(17,12 '( 36,48,$75Ë$ DO GH DEULO GH 0DUGHO3ODWD$UJHQWLQD
3XEOL
FDGRHQHO&'GHO&RQJUHVR
á
Ì
Ò
Î
Ö
Ð
×
ä
è
Ë
Ñ
Ú
Ï
æ
Ð
Ö
Í
Ë
Ñ
é
Å
Ú
Ð
Ö
Ñ
Ë
Ð
Ì
×
Ò
Í
Î
Ú
Ö
Ï
Ð
Ò
×
Î
Ê
Ì
Î
Î
×
Ò
Ö
ã
Å
Ñ
Î
Ð
Ô
×
Ð
×
Ì
Ö
ê
Í
Ë
Ô
Ð
Ì
æ
ê
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ë
ç
å
3DVVDODFTXD $0 1~xH] $0 0HQHVWULQD 1% $OYDUDGR
0/ 0XVVRQL $0 3LFFRQH $ %RXVWRXUH 0$ &DVWUR
)-*DUFtD$*KHUDUGL&6LPRQRWWR7;,,&21*5(62
0(75232/,7$12 '( 36,&2/2*Ë$ 36,&2/2*Ë$ < 62
&,('$' (YHQWR QDFLRQDO RUJDQL]DGR SRU OD $VRFLDFLyQ GH
3VLFyORJRVGH%XHQRV$LUHVDOGH-XOLRGH%XHQRV
$LUHV $UJHQWLQD
3XEOLFDGRHQHO&'GHO&RQJUHVR
á
Ì
Ò
Õ
Ö
Ì
Î
Ö
Å
Î
Ô
×
Ì
ê
ë
Ë
Ú
Ì
Ñ
ê
Ö
å
Ð
Ô
Ë
ã
Ò
Ñ
Ò
Ï
Ë
Ï
ä
É
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ë
Ì
Ò
Î
Ö
Ð
×
é
Ð
ì
Ë
Ñ
Ú
Ë
ç
Û
3DVVDODFTXD$00HQHVWULQD11~xH]$0$OYDUDGR0/
0XVVRQL$0%RXVWRXUH0$*KHUDUGL&&DVWUR)*DU
FtD$3LFFRQH$\6LPRQRWWR7SUHVHQWDGRHQHO,;&21
*5(62 $5*(17,12 '( 5256&+$&+ (1 /$ 81,9(56,
'$' \ GH $JRVWR GH %XHQRV $LUHV $UJHQWLQD
2UJDQL]DGRSRU$VRFLDFLyQ$UJHQWLQDGH3VLFRGLDJQyVWLFRGH
5RUVFKDFK\OD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD\3HGDJRJtD8QLYHUVL
GDGGHO6DOYDGRU
3XEOLFDGRHQHO&'GHO&RQJUHVR&RQ
UHIHUDWRGHO&RPLWp&LHQWt¿FR
á
Ï
Ò
Î
Ì
Î
Ö
Å
Î
Ô
×
Ì
ê
Ë
æ
Ì
Ò
ê
å
Ó
Ô
Ë
Ì
Ò
Õ
Ö
ä
Ë
Ê
Ë
Ô
Ë
Í
Î
Ê
×
Ø
Ù
Ú
Ò
Ì
Î
Û
Ü
Ö
Ð
×
Í
Ú
ç
Û
6DPEXFHWWL$3DVVDODFTXD$0HQHVWULQD16LPRQRWWR7\
3ROLGRUR$$FHSWDGRSDUDVHUSXEOLFDGRHQHO$QXDULR;9,,,
GHOD6HFUHWDUtDGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFROR
JtDGHOD8%$
á
Í
Ô
Ë
Ë
ï
ì
Ï
í
Î
×
×
Ï
Û
å
Ð
Ñ
Ë
Ê
Ô
Ð
×
Ð
Ö
Í
Ë
Ì
æ
Ò
Ò
Õ
Ö
Ó
Ô
Ï
Ë
Ì
Ð
Ò
Ï
Õ
Ö
Î
é
×
×
Ì
Ú
Ë
×
×
Ð
Î
Þ
×
Ð
Ï
Ì
Ð
Í
Î
Ö
×
Ò
Ê
î
Î
×
×
Ø
Ù
Ð
Ú
×
Ò
Ì
Ì
Î
Î
×
Ñ
Ë
Ë
Ô
Ò
ç
FRQUHIHUDWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHLQGL]DFLyQ
6DPEXFHWWL$0HQHVWULQD13ROLGRUR$6LPRQRWWR7,,&21
*5(62,17(51$&,21$/'(,19(67,*$&,Ï1<35$&7,
&$352)(6,21$/(136,&2/2*,$;9,,-251$'$6'(
,19(67,*$&,Ï1 6(;72 (1&8(1752 '( ,19(67,*$
408
DE LA PÁGINA 403 A LA 408