TESTS PROYECTIVOS

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TESTS PROYECTIVOS:
Aplicación al diagnóstico
y tratamiento clínicos
Maria Vives Gomila
Psicologia, 2
TESTS PROYECTIVOS:
APLICACIÓN AL DIAGNÓSTICO
Y TRATAMIENTO CLÍNICOS
Maria Vives Gomila
Psicologia, 2
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24
Tests proyectivos
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Los tests proyectivos
25
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26
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27
Los tests proyectivos
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28
Tests proyectivos
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$EW/%HOODN//D3VLFRORJtD3UR\HFWLYD%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV
Los tests proyectivos
29
/D SUR\HFFLyQ LQYHUWLGD HV HO JUDGR Pi[LPR GH µGLVWRUVLyQ DSHUFHSWLYD¶ SURSLR GH OD SDUDQRLD
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FRQWULEXFLyQGHO5RUVFKDFK\ODVWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVDOGLDJQyVWLFR\ODLQWHUYHQFLyQSVLFROyJLFD
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30
Tests proyectivos
VXEUD\DÈYLODHOFRQFHSWRGHSUR\HFFLyQXWLOL]DGRSRU/)UDQNHVHOPLVPRTXHDSOLFDUtD
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Los tests proyectivos
31
µ/DGHPHQWLDSUDHFR[¶DODTXHGHQRPLQDHVTXL]RIUHQLDWLHQHHQWUHVXVVtQWRPDVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
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SVLFRSDWROyJLFDVHVWDEOHFHUXQSURQyVWLFRWRPDUGHFLVLRQHVWHUDSpXWLFDVSODQL¿FDUODLQWHUYHQFLyQ\FRQOD
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GH VX µ&RPSUHKHQVLYH 6\VWHP¶ UHYLVDGR FRQVWDQWHPHQWH \
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TXHLQÀX\HQHQVXDGDSWDFLyQDOPHGLR6XIXQFLyQSULPRUGLDOHVHOSHQVDPLHQWR3RUVXSDUWHODH[WUDYHUVLyQVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQD
UHODFLyQSRVLWLYDFRQHOREMHWRVLHQGRVXIXQFLyQSULPRUGLDOHOVHQWLPLHQWR(OH[WUDYHUVLYRHVXQDSHUVRQDTXHVXHOHDGDSWDUVHDODV
QRUPDVVRFLDOHVYLJHQWHV
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TXHGHQRPLQyDPELWHQGHQWH\PiVWDUGHLQWURGXFHHOFRQFHSWRGHFRDUWDWLYRSRUVXWHQGHQFLDDODFRDUWDFLyQGHORVGHWHUPLQDQWHVGH
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pVWDVVXFHGtDQDODVUHVSXHVWDVGHIRUPDSXUD)
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VDWLVIDFHUVXVQHFHVLGDGHV(OH[WUDWHQVLYREXVFDUHVROYHUVXVGL¿FXOWDGHVPHGLDQWHODLQWHUDFFLyQFRQHOPXQGRTXHOHURGHDPLHQWUDV
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H[WUDWHQVLYR$FWXDOPHQWH([QHUDJUHJDDORVDQWHULRUHVORVHVWLORVFRQ/DPEGDDOWRRHVWLORVHYLWDWLYRV
32
Tests proyectivos
WDQWRODHYROXFLyQGHOSURFHVRWHUDSpXWLFRFHQWUDGDHQODLQWHUDFFLyQWHUDSHXWDSDFLHQWHFRPRORVFDPELRV
GHO VXMHWR GHWHFWDGRV HQ HO DQiOLVLV GH GLFKD LQWHUDFFLyQ \ DO FRPSDUDU ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV HQ XQD
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GHODVDVRFLDFLRQHVGHVXVSDFLHQWHVVLQRTXHDQDOL]DEDHOSURFHVRGHREWHQFLyQGHODUHVSXHVWDDODTXH
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7$7VRQHOWHVWGHµ$SHUFHSFLyQ,QIDQWLO¶&$7GH/%HOODN\6-%HOODFNODDSOLFDFLyQ
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4.4.1. Test de la ‘Figura Humana’
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HQODFRQVLJQDODVHJXQGD¿JXUDKXPDQD)LQDOPHQWH(0.RSSLW]1967, WUDWDGHFRQRFHUHQJUificos, el QLYHOGHPDGXUH]PHQWDOGHOH[DPLQDGRDSDUWLUGHODQiOLVLVHYROXWLYRGHVXVGLEXMRV\HOJUDGRGH
distorsión DIHFWLYDEDViQGRVHHQHODQiOLVLVGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVHPRFLRQDOHV
4.4.2. Test de la ‘Casa, Árbol, Persona’
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33
Los tests proyectivos
MXQWDPHQWHFRQ:DUUHQ(*UDVVDQR5)UDQN\SRVWHULRUPHQWHDOJXQRVGH
QRVRWURV3pUH])UHL[HV5RYLUD\9LYHV%DUERVDHWDOWHUV9LYHV
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FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVLQGLFDGRUHVSVLFRSDWROyJLFRVVXUHODFLyQFRQRWUDVSUXHEDV\FRQFDGDSHUtRGRHYROXWLYR
4.4.3.‘Dibujo de la Familia’
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EDViQGRVHHQODWHRUtDIUHXGLDQDFOiVLFDWUDWDGHFRQRFHUHQFDGDQLxR\DGROHVFHQWHH[DPLQDGR
HOJUDGRGHGHSHQGHQFLDDJUHVLYLGDGULYDOLGDGIUDWHUQDHOWLSRGHUHODFLyQLQWHUSHUVRQDOHOPHFDQLVPRGH
GHIHQVDXWLOL]DGRYDORUL]DFLyQGHVYDORUL]DFLyQDLVODPLHQWRUHJUHVLyQH[SUHVLyQLQGLUHFWDGHODDJUHVLYLGDG
UHDFFLRQHVGHSUHVLYDVHWF.HOSUHGRPLQLRGHXQDLQVWDQFLDSVtTXLFD(OOR<R6XSHU<R\ODE~VTXHGDGHO
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UHJUHVLYDV2WUDVDSRUWDFLRQHVDOGLEXMRGHODµ)DPLOLD¶FRUUHVSRQGHQD5&%XUQV\6+.DXIPDQ
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34
Tests proyectivos
. 0DFKRYHU \ SRVWHULRUPHQWH /HY\ DJUHJD D OD FRQVLJQD GHO +73 HO GLEXMR GH OD VHJXQGD
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(0.RSSLW]VLVWHPDWL]DHOWHVWGHOµ'LEXMRGHOD)LJXUD+XPDQD¶
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6RQQXPHURVRVORVDXWRUHV$Q]LHX%HOO0HLOL6DPL$OL5RVHQ]ZHLJHWFTXHFRLQFLGHQHQDWULEXLU
DORVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVXQDVHULHGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
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$Q]LHXLGHQWL¿FDODVVLJXLHQWHV
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DQWHODH[SRVLFLyQGHXQPDWHULDOVHDHVWtPXORFRQVLJQDRDFWLYLGDGTXHVHSURSRQJDDOVXMHWR
(QORVWHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVQRVHGDQUHVSXHVWDVFRUUHFWDVRLQFRUUHFWDVSUHYLDPHQWHSUHSDUDGDVVLQR
TXHHOVXMHWRUHVSRQGHDODVPDQFKDVGHWLQWDDODVOiPLQDVRDODVFRQVLJQDVSURSXHVWDVKDFLHQGR
XVRGHVXVPHFDQLVPRVSHUFHSWLYRSUR\HFWLYRV
/RVHVWtPXORVHQJHQHUDOVRQSRFRHVWUXFWXUDGRVDPELJXRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQGHWHUPLQDGDVSUXHEDV
PDQFKDVGLEXMRVSDODEUDVGDQGROXJDUDXQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHUHVSXHVWDV(VWHKHFKRGL¿FXOWDVX
HVWDQGDUL]DFLyQDSUHFLDFLyQVRVWHQLGDSRU%HOO
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SDUWHVGHHOODLQFOXLGDVHQXQDYLVLyQJOREDO¶6HXWLOL]DSDUDHOORHODQiOLVLVGHODVUHVSXHVWDVRVX
LQWHUURJDWRULRSRVWHULRU
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JHQHUDOL]DUVREUHHOODV\FLWDDOJXQDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRPXQHV
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TXHUHÀHMDQVXSURSLDLQGLYLGXDOLGDG
Los tests proyectivos
35
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LGHDVHPRFLRQHV\GHWRGRVORV«DVSHFWRVGHVXSHUVRQDOLGDG(QFXDQWRDFHSWDHVWDKLSyWHVLVHO
H[DPLQDGRUSXHGHXVDUFDVLWRGDODFRQGXFWDGHOLQGLYLGXRFRPRXQDWpFQLFDSUR\HFWLYDLQFOX\HQGR
WRGRV ORV WLSRV GH WHVWV TXH FRQVLGHUD QHFHVDULRV SDUD HO REMHWLYR GHO GLDJQyVWLFR (Q OD SUiFWLFD
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SUR\HFWLYDV
(OVHJXQGRDVSHFWRGHOPpWRGRFRP~QDODVWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVHVTXHEULQGDQXQDPXHVWUDGHOD
FRQGXFWDLQGLYLGXDOVX¿FLHQWHPHQWHH[SUHVLYD\FRQVX¿FLHQWHEUHYHGDGFRPRSDUDVHUFOtQLFDPHQWH
XWLOL]DEOH \ OR EDVWDQWH HVWLPXODQWH FRPR SDUD SURYRFDU XQD VHULH GH UHVSXHVWDV GHO VXMHWR (Q OD
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODVUHSXHVWDVHODFHQWRUHFDHVREUHHOHOHPHQWRSHUVRQDODFXVDGRHQODGLYHUVLGDG
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FXDOLGDGHVTXHGLVWLQJXHQHQWUHVtDORVLQGLYLGXRV3RUWDQWRODPHMRUWpFQLFDHVODTXHFRQWURODXQ
PD\RUUHSHUWRULRGHUHVSXHVWDVHQHOPHQRUWLHPSRSRVLEOH
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HVWiQGDUHOYDORUGHWDOHVQRUPDVUHVLGHQRWDQWRHQHOKHFKRGHTXHDJUXSDQMXQWDPHQWHSHUVRQDVSRU
VXVVHPHMDQ]DVVLQRHQFXDQWRLQGLFDQGLVFUHSDQFLDVRGHVHPHMDQ]DVFRQODVQRUPDV(VWRVLJQL¿FD
TXHODVUHVSXHVWDVDXQWHVWSUR\HFWLYRVRQPHQRVIiFLOHVGHDEVWUDHUFXDQWLWDWLYDPHQWHHQXQDVLPSOH
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8QDWHUFHUDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDFRP~QDOPpWRGRGHODVWpFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDVHVFRQVLGHUDUODFRQGXFWD
UHJLVWUDGDWDQWRFRPRODSHUVRQDOLGDGTXHODSURGXFHFRPRXQDWRWDOLGDGRUJDQL]DGDeVWDHVXQD
UD]yQDGLFLRQDOSRUODFXDOHODQiOLVLVFXDQWLWDWLYRQRVHORJUDIiFLOPHQWH'HQWURGHOUHJLVWURWRWDO
GHODFRQGXFWDDXQtWHPHVSHFt¿FROHFRUUHVSRQGHUiXQDYDULHGDGGHVLJQL¿FDGRVGHSHQGLHQWHVGH
ODPDQHUDHQTXHHVLQWHJUDGRGHQWURRVHSDUDGRGHODWRWDOLGDG¶(Q7pFQLFDVSUR\HFWLYDV
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5RVHQ]ZHLJUHODFLRQDEDSVLFRDQiOLVLV\WHVWVSUR\HFWLYRVDOUHIHULUVHDGHWHUPLQDGDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGH
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36
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38
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