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EMBRIOLOGÍA DE LA LARINGE
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25
VOZ PROFESIONAL Y ARTÍSTICA. PARTICULARIDADES DEL CANTO
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ANATOMÍA ESTRUCTURAL DE LA LARINGE
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1. Cartílagos de la laringe
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26
ANATOMÍA FUNCIONAL DE LA FONACIÓN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1. Epiglotis
2. Hueso hioides
3. Membrana tirohioidea
4. Aritenoides y sobre ellos corniculados
5. Cartílago tiroides
6. Ligamento vocal
7. Ligamento tirocricoideo medio
8. Cartílago cricoides
9. Tráquea
Figura 3. &DUWtODJRVODUtQJHRV7RPDGRGH/5RVLTXH/ySH]10HQD9LYHURV-,QLHVWD7XUStQ$QDWRPtD
\HPEULRORJtDGHODODULQJH/LEURYLUWXDO6HRUO
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WUXFWXUDV¿EURHOiVWLFDV(OFRQMXQWRHVWiIRUPDGRSRUHODSDUDWR
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27
VOZ PROFESIONAL Y ARTÍSTICA. PARTICULARIDADES DEL CANTO
Epiglotis7LHQHIRUPDGHXQDKRMDGHHMHPD\RUYHUWLFDO
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ORVOLJDPHQWRVIDULQJRHSLJOyWLFRV6LUYHSDUDEORTXHDUODHQWUDGD
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Cartílago corniculado o de Santorini. 6RQ GRV FDUWtOD
JRV¿EURHOiVWLFRVXELFDGRVSRUHQFLPDGHOFDUWtODJRDULWHQRLGHV
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Cartílago cuneiforme o de Wrisberg. 6RQ GRV FDUWtOD
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2. Membranas y ligamentos de la laringe
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VHFRV
2.1. Ligamentos extrínsecos
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2.2. Ligamentos intrínsecos
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28
ANATOMÍA FUNCIONAL DE LA FONACIÓN
Cartílago cricoideo
Músculo cricoaritenoideo
posterior y lateral
Músculo aritenoideo
transversal y oblícuo
Músculo
tiroaritenoideo
Cartílago
aritenoideo
Músculo vocal
Músculos
cricotiroideos
Ligamento vocal
Cartílago tiroideo
Figura 4. 0~VFXORVLQWUtQVHFRVODULQJH7RPDGRGH/DUD3HLQDGR$-&RUUHFFLyQH[SHULPHQWDOGHOHVLRQHVLDWURJpQLFDVGHODFXHUGDYRFDO
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SDUWHGHDUULEDFRPROLJDPHQWRYRFDO
/LJDPHQWRYRFDO/LJDPHQWRTXHRFXSDHOERUGHGHODFXHU
GDYRFDOHQWUHODPXFRVD\HOP~VFXORGHODPLVPD
3. Músculos laríngeos
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WUtQVHFRV\RWURVH[WUtQVHFRV
3.1. Músculos intrínsecos
6XVGRVLQVHUFLRQHVHVWiQHQODODULQJH\VRQORVUHVSRQVDEOHV
GHOPRYLPLHQWRGHODVFXHUGDVYRFDOHV
M. Tiroaritenoideo. 6HRULJLQDGHODFDUDLQWHUQDGHODOi
PLQDGHOFDUWtODJRWLURLGHVDQLYHOGHODFRPLVXUDDQWHULRU\VH
LQVHUWDHQODDSy¿VLVYRFDOGHOFDUWtODJRDULWHQRLGHV)RUPDGRSRU
GRVSRUFLRQHVXQDODWHUDO\RWUDPHGLDOTXHHVODTXHFRQVWLWX\H
HOYHUGDGHURP~VFXORYRFDO)RUPDHOFXHUSRGHODFXHUGDYRFDO
6XDFFLyQFRQVLVWHHQDFRUWDU\UHODMDUODVFXHUGDVYRFDOHV
M. Cricotiroideo. 8QHHOFULFRLGHV\WLURLGHVHQVX]RQD
DQWHURODWHUDO6XDFFLyQFRQVLVWHHQDODUJDU\WHQVDUODVFXHUGDV
YRFDOHV6XDFFLyQSRUWDQWRHVDQWDJRQLVWDDOP~VFXORWLURDULWH
QRLGHR
M. Cricoaritenoideo:3RVWHULRUVHRULJLQDHQODVXSHU¿FLH
SRVWHULRU GH OD OiPLQD GHO FULFRLGHV \ VH LQVHUWD HQ OD DSy¿VLV
29
VOZ PROFESIONAL Y ARTÍSTICA. PARTICULARIDADES DEL CANTO
PXVFXODUGHODULWHQRLGHV6XDFFLyQFRQVLVWHHQVHUHOSULQFLSDO
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M. Cricoaritenoideo./DWHUDORULJHQHQHOERUGHVXSHULRU
GHODSDUHGODWHUDOGHOFULFRLGHV\VHLQVHUWDHQHOSURFHVRPXVFX
ODUGHODULWHQRLGHV6XDFFLyQSULQFLSDOFRQVLVWHHQDGXFLUXQLU
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M. Interaritenoideo.8QHDPERVDULWH
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3.2. Músculos extrínsecos ¿JXUD
6RQORVTXHPXHYHQODODULQJHHQVXFRQMXQ
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Figura 5. 0~VFXORVLQWUtQVHFRVODULQJH7RPDWDQWHVVREUHWRGRHQHOFDQWRVHORJUDQSRUOD
GR GH /DUD 3HLQDGR $ - &RUUHFFLyQ H[SHULPHQWDO GH OHVLRQHV LDWURJpQLFDV GH OD FXHUGD DFFLyQGHHVWRVP~VFXORVH[WUtQVHFRVTXHSHU
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4. Inervación de la laringe
/D ODULQJH HVWi LQHUYDGD SRU
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Nervio laríngeo superior
(VHOSULQFLSDOQHUYLRYDVRPR
Figura 6.,QHUYDFLyQODUtQJHD7RPDGRGH$'$0,PDJHV
WRU VHFUHWRU VHQVLWLYR \ PRWRU
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QDDWUDYLHVDODPHPEUDQDWLURKLRLGHDSDUDLQHUYDUODPXFRVDGH
ODODULQJH\HSLJORWLV
30
ANATOMÍA FUNCIONAL DE LA FONACIÓN
Nervio laríngeo inferior
(VWiHQFDUJDGRGHODIXQFLyQPRWRUD\VHVHSDUDGHOYDJRDGL
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5. Irrigación de la laringe
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6. Drenaje linfático
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VOZ PROFESIONAL Y ARTÍSTICA. PARTICULARIDADES DEL CANTO
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32
ANATOMÍA FUNCIONAL DE LA FONACIÓN
epitelio
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capa superficial
capa intermedia
M. Tiroaritenoideo
capa profunda
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Estructura laminar de la cuerda vocal.
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1
2
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propia
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VOZ PROFESIONAL Y ARTÍSTICA. PARTICULARIDADES DEL CANTO
Inhalación
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VOZ PROFESIONAL Y ARTÍSTICA. PARTICULARIDADES DEL CANTO
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