01-Estructura atómica y Sistema Periódico

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&VVS
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D(OJUXSR\SHUtRGRHQORVTXHVHKDOODQ$%\&
E/RVLRQHVPiVHVWDEOHVTXHIRUPDUiQ$%\&
Solución
D$'DGRTXHODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDHVVSVH
HVWiOOHQDQGRODFDSD0FRQQ~PHURFXiQWLFRSULQFLSDOSRUORTXHHOHOHPHQWR
HVWDUiVLWXDGRHQHOWHUFHUSHUtRGR
$O VHU V S TXLHUH GHFLU TXH VH HVWi OOHQDQGR OD VXEFDSD S \ TXH \D KDQ
HQWUDGRFXDWURHOHFWURQHVSRUORTXHOHFRUUHVSRQGHHVWDUHQHOJUXSR
%$OVHUODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDVFRUUHVSRQGHDO
žSHUtRGR\FRPRVHKDRFXSDGRHORUELWDOVFRQGRVHOHFWURQHVDOJUXSR
& (Q HVWH FDVR OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD HV V S OR FXDO LQGLFD TXH
SHUWHQHFHDOVHJXQGRSHUtRGR\DOWHQHUOOHQRVORVWUHVRUELWDOHVSDOJUXSR
E $ 'DGD OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD D OD TXH OH IDOWDQ GRV HOHFWURQHV SDUD
FRPSOHWDUODFRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOHVSHOLRQPiVHVWDEOHVHUi$
%(QHVWHFDVRODWHQGHQFLDHVDSHUGHUORVGRVHOHFWURQHVVGDQGR%FRQOR
TXHDGTXLHUHODFRQILJXUDFLyQGH+HV
&(QHVWHFDVRFRPRVXFRQILJXUDFLyQHVODGHO1HVSQRWLHQHWHQGHQFLDD
IRUPDULRQHV
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D (VFULED OD HVWUXFWXUD HOHFWUyQLFD GH ORV iWRPRV GH ORV HOHPHQWRV FX\RV
Q~PHURVDWyPLFRVVRQ\
E,QGLTXHMXVWLILFDQGRODUHVSXHVWDHOHOHPHQWRGHPD\RUHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ
\HOTXHWLHQHPD\RUFDUiFWHUPHWiOLFR
F¢(QTXpJUXSR\SHUtRGRGHOVLVWHPDSHULyGLFRHVWiVLWXDGRFDGDHOHPHQWR"
Solución
D= VVSV
= VVSVS
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
= VVSVS
E (O HOHPHQWR GH = HV HO TXH WLHQH PD\RU HQHUJtD GH LRQL]DFLyQ DO WHQHU
PD\RU Q~PHUR GH SURWRQHV \ PD\RU Q~PHUR GH HOHFWURQHV HQ OD FDSD GH
YDOHQFLD
(OTXHWLHQHPD\RUFDUiFWHUPHWiOLFRHVHOGH= \DTXHHVHOTXHFHGHPiV
IiFLOPHQWH HO HOHFWUyQ GH OD FDSD GH YDOHQFLD \ WHQHU HO PD\RU UDGLR DO VHU HO
SULPHUHOHPHQWRGHHVHSHUtRGR
F'DGR TXH ORV WUHV HOHPHQWRV SUHVHQWDQ FRPR FDSD GH YDOHQFLD OD GH Q HVWiQHQHOWHUFHUSHUtRGR
(OHOHPHQWRGH= GDGDVXFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD
HVWiVLWXDGRHQHOJUXSRSULPHUJUXSRGHOEORTXHV
(O HOHPHQWR GH = DO WHQHU XQ VROR HOHFWUyQ S HVWi VLWXDGR HQ HO SULPHU
JUXSRGHOEORTXHSHVGHFLUHQHOJUXSR
(O HOHPHQWR GH = WLHQH FXDWUR HOHFWURQHV HQ HO RUELWDO S SRU OR TXH
FRUUHVSRQGHDOFXDUWRJUXSRGHOEORTXHHVGHFLUDOJUXSR
&XHVWLyQ
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3DUDFDGDXQDGHODVVLJXLHQWHVSDUHMDV
D .= \&O= E )= \1D= F &O\.
,QGLTXHGHIRUPDUD]RQDGDTXpiWRPRRLRQWLHQHXQUDGLRPD\RU
Solución
D. VVSVSV
&O VVSVS
(OUDGLRGHO.HVPD\RUTXHHOGHO&O\DTXHHQpOVHLQLFLDXQDQXHYDFDSDFRQ
UHVSHFWR DO FORUR \D TXH HO HOHFWUyQ GH YDOHQFLD HVWi HQ OD FDSD FXDUWD
PLHQWUDVTXHORVGHOFORURVHTXHGDQHQODWHUFHUD
E) VVS
1D VVSV
(O UDGLR GHO 1D HV PD\RU TXH HO GHO ) SRU ODV PLVPDV UD]RQHV TXH HQ HO FDVR
DQWHULRUSHURHVWDYH]FRQODVFDSDV\
F&O VVSVS
. VVSVS
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
(O UDGLR GHO LRQ FORUXUR HV PD\RU TXH HO LRQ SRWDVLR DXQ FXDQGR DPERV LRQHV
WLHQHQODPLVPDFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFD$OVHUHO.XQFDWLyQHOQ~PHURGH
SURWRQHV HQ HO Q~FOHR HV PD\RU TXH HO GH HOHFWURQHV HQ ODV FDSDV SRU OR TXH
TXHGDQ PiV DWUDtGRV SRU HO Q~FOHR \ VH FLHUUDQ VREUH VX WDPDxR (Q HO &O HO
UDGLR HV PD\RU SXHV WHQLHQGR OD PLVPD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD HO Q~PHUR GH
SURWRQHVTXHDWUDHQDORVHOHFWURQHVHVPHQRUDOPLVPRWLHPSRTXHODUHSXOVLyQ
GH ORV HOHFWURQHV HQWUH Vt HQ OD FDSD GH YDOHQFLD HV PD\RU TXH HQ HO iWRPR
QHXWUR
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D,QGLTXHODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHORViWRPRVGHORVHOHPHQWRV$%\&
FX\RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\
E(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHOLRQPiVHVWDEOHGHFDGDXQRGHHOORV
F2UGHQHGLFKRVLRQHVSRURUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHVXVUDGLRV
Solución
D$= VVSVS
%= VVSVS
&= VVSVSV
E$ VVS
% VVSVS
& VVSVS
F$&%
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2UGHQHORVHOHPHQWRVTXtPLFRV&D&O&V\)HQVHQWLGRFUHFLHQWHGHVX
D&DUiFWHUPHWiOLFR
E5DGLRDWyPLFR
-XVWLILTXHODVUHVSXHVWDV
Solución
D)&O&D&V
/RV QR PHWDOHV WHQGUiQ PHQRU FDUiFWHU PHWiOLFR TXH ORV PHWDOHV (QWUH ORV QR
PHWDOHVHOGHPD\RUDILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFDVHUiHOGHPD\RUFDUiFWHUQRPHWiOLFR
TXH HQ HVWH FDVR HV HO ) SRU HVWDU SRU HQFLPD GHO &O HQ HO JUXSR \ VHU PiV
HOHFWURQHJDWLYR(QWUH&D\&VDOHVWDUpVWHHQHOJUXSRFRQXQVRORHOHFWUyQ
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
HQ OD FDSD GH YDOHQFLD \ WHQHU PXFKR PD\RU WDPDxR TXH HO &D WHQGUi PiV
WHQGHQFLDDFHGHUHOHOHFWUyQ\SRUWDQWRPD\RUFDUiFWHUPHWiOLFR
E)&O&D&V
(Q HVWH RUGHQ DXPHQWD HO SHUtRGR HQ HO TXH HVWiQ \ SRU WDQWR WLHQHQ PD\RU
Q~PHURGHFDSDVGHHOHFWURQHV\SRUWDQWRPD\RUWDPDxR
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'DGRVORVYDORUHVGHQ~PHURVFXiQWLFRVòòò
\ò
D,QGLTXHFXiOHVGHHOORVQRHVWiQSHUPLWLGRV
E,QGLTXHHOQLYHO\HORUELWDOHQHOTXHVHHQFRQWUDUtDQORVHOHFWURQHVGHILQLGRV
SRUORVYDORUHVGHORVQ~PHURVFXiQWLFRVSHUPLWLGRV
Solución
DòSXHVPO!O\HVWRQRHVSRVLEOH
òSXHVSDUDO VyORSXHGHKDEHUPO EòFRUUHVSRQGHDOQLYHO\HVXQRUELWDOG
òFRUUHVSRQGHDOQLYHO\HVHORUELWDOV
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(OHPHQWRV
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D 5HSURGX]FD OD WDEOD \ FRPSOpWHOD VLWXDQGR ORV YDORUHV QP QP \
QP\ORVHOHPHQWRV3&O\0JHQORVOXJDUHVRSRUWXQRV
E,QGLTXH\H[SOLTXHTXpQRUPDKDVHJXLGR
Solución
D (OHPHQWRV
5DGLRVDWyPLFRV
1D
0J
$O
3
6
&O
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E 7RGRV VRQ HOHPHQWRV GHO WHUFHU SHUtRGR \ YD GLVPLQX\HQGR VX UDGLR DO
GHVSOD]DUQRVKDFLDODGHUHFKD\D TXHDXPHQWD=\ HOHOHFWUyQTXHHQWUDHQOD
PLVPDFDSDHVWDUiPiVDWUDtGR
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'DGRVORVHOHPHQWRV$%\&GHQ~PHURVDWyPLFRV\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D (VFULEDODHVWUXFWXUDHOHFWUyQLFDGHHVRVHOHPHQWRV
E 'HWHUPLQHHOJUXSR\SHUtRGRDORVTXHSHUWHQHFHQ
F 2UGpQHORVHQRUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHVXHOHFWURQHJDWLYLGDG
Solución
D$ VVS
% VVSVSV
& VVSVSGVS
E$SHUtRGRJUXSR
%SHUtRGRJUXSR
&SHUtRGRJUXSR
F%&$
&XHVWLyQ
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D (VFULED OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD GH ORV iWRPRV GH ORV HOHPHQWRV FRQ
Q~PHURVDWyPLFRV\
E ,QGLTXH UD]RQDGDPHQWH FXiO HV HO LRQ PiV HVWDEOH GH FDGD XQR GH HOORV \
HVFULEDVXFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFD
Solución
D= VVSVSV
= VVSVSGV
= VVSVSGVS
E=SXHVVLSLHUGHGRVHOHFWURQHVDOFDQ]DODFRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOH
VVSVS
= SXHV DO SHUGHU GRV HOHFWURQHV DOFDQ]D XQD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HVWDEOH FRQ
XQDFDSDOOHQDVVSVSG
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
= SXHV DO JDQDU XQ HOHFWUyQ DOFDQ]D FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH JDV QREOH V V
SVSGVS
&XHVWLyQ
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/D JUiILFD DGMXQWD UHODFLRQD YDORUHV GH HQHUJtD GH LRQL]DFLyQ (, FRQ ORV
Q~PHURVDWyPLFRVGHORVHOHPHQWRV&RQODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHREWHQJDDSDUWLUGH
HOOD
D-XVWLILTXHODYDULDFLyQSHULyGLFDTXHVHSURGXFHHQORVYDORUHV(,
E(QXPHUHORVIDFWRUHVTXHLQIOX\HQHQHVWDYDULDFLyQ\UD]RQHODLQIOXHQFLD
GHOIDFWRUGHWHUPLQDQWH
Solución
D6LVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDHOSULPHUJUXSRGHODL]TXLHUGDGHODWDEODSHULyGLFDDO
EDMDUHLQLFLDUFDGDSHUtRGRHPSLH]DDOOHQDUVHXQDQXHYDFDSDSRUORTXHORV
HOHFWURQHV GLIHUHQFLDGRUHV GH HVH HOHPHQWR HVWiQ FDGD YH] PiV VHSDUDGRV GHO
Q~FOHR\SRUWDQWRVXYDORUVHUiFDGDYH]PHQRUGDQGROXJDUDORVPtQLPRVGHOD
JUiILFD$OLUGHVSOD]iQGRVHKDFLDODGHUHFKDHQFDGDSHUtRGRYDGLVPLQX\HQGR
HOUDGLR\DXPHQWDQGRODFDUJDQXFOHDUHIHFWLYDSRUORTXHYDQDXPHQWDQGRORV
YDORUHVGH(,
/DVSHTXHxDVDOWHUDFLRQHVHQHORUGHQGHQWURGHXQPLVPRSHUtRGRVHGHEHQD
TXH HO ~OWLPR HOHFWUyQ FRUUHVSRQGH D XQD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD GH Pi[LPD
HVWDELOLGDGFRQXQVXEQLYHOYDFtROOHQRRVHPLOOHQR(MQVQVQS
E/RVIDFWRUHVGHWHUPLQDQWHVVRQHOWDPDxRODFDUJDQXFOHDU\ODFRQILJXUDFLyQ
HOHFWUyQLFD
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(Q OD WDEOD VLJXLHQWH VH GDQ ODV HQHUJtDV GH LRQL]DFLyQ N-PRO GH ORV SULPHURV
HOHPHQWRVDOFDOLQRV
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([SOLTXH
D¢3RUTXpGLVPLQX\HOD(,GHO/LDO."
E¢3RUTXpQRKD\YDORUSDUDOD(,GHO/L"
F¢3RUTXpDXPHQWDGHOD(,DOD(,"
Solución
D3RUTXHFRQODPLVPDFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDQVYDDXPHQWDQGRHOUDGLR
GHOHOHPHQWR
E3RUTXHHO/LWLHQHVyORWUHVHOHFWURQHV
F 3RU TXH D XQ LRQ FDGD YH] PiV SRVLWLYR FXHVWD PiV WUDEDMR DUUDQFDUOH XQ
HOHFWUyQ
&XHVWLyQ
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'DGRVORVHOHPHQWRV$\%FX\RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH= \= D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHDPERV
E&XiOWHQGUiPD\RUUDGLR"5D]RQHODUHVSXHVWD
F¢&XiOWHQGUiPD\RUDILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFD"5D]RQHODUHVSXHVWD
Solución
D$ VVSVSV
% VVSVSGVS
EU$!U%SXHVVRQGHOPLVPRSHUtRGR\ORVHOHFWURQHVYDQHQWUDQGRHQODPLVPD
FDSDSHURFDGDYH]VRQDWUDtGRVSRUXQDPD\RUFDUJDQXFOHDU
F % ! $ SXHV D % VyOR OH IDOWD XQ HOHFWUyQ SDUD REWHQHU FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH JDV
QREOH\pVWHHVWDUiDWUDtGRSRUXQDPD\RUFDUJDQXFOHDU
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
,QGLTXH SDUD ORV HOHPHQWRV $ % \ & FX\RV Q~PHURV DWyPLFRV VRQ
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\
D&RQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFD
E-XVWLILTXHFXiOWHQGUiPD\RUHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ
F (O JUXSR \ HO SHUtRGR GHO VLVWHPD SHULyGLFR HQ TXH VH HQFXHQWUD FDGD
HOHPHQWR
Solución
D$ VVSVS
% VVSVS
& VVSVSV
E(OGHPD\RU(,HVHOHOHPHQWR%SXHVHOHOHFWUyQTXHKD\TXHDUUDQFDUHVWi
HQ OD FDSD GH PHQRU UDGLR TXH OD GH & \ FRQ UHODFLyQ D $ DO HVWDU PiV D OD
GHUHFKDGHOSHUtRGRHVWiPiVDWUDtGRSRUXQDPD\RUFDUJDQXFOHDU
F$HVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\HQHOJUXSR
%HVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\HQHOJUXSR
&HVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\HQHOJUXSR
&XHVWLyQ
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'DGDV ODV VLJXLHQWHV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV HOHFWUyQLFDV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D iWRPRV
QHXWURV
&VVSVSGV
$VVS%VVSVS
'V V S V S V ,QGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWH
D *UXSR\SHUtRGRDTXHSHUWHQHFHFDGDHOHPHQWR
E 4XpHOHPHQWRSRVHHPD\RUHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ\FXiOPHQRU
F 4XpHOHPHQWRWLHQHPD\RUUDGLRDWyPLFR
Solución
D$SRUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQHVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\GDGRTXHVHKDQOOHQDGR
HOHFWURQHVHQHORUELWDOSHQHOJUXSR
% SRU HO PD\RU YDORU GH Q HVWi HQ HO SHUtRGR \ GDGR TXH VH KDQ OOHQDGR HOHFWURQHVHQHORUELWDOSHQHOJUXSR
& SRU HO PD\RU YDORU GH Q HVWi HQ HO SHUtRGR \ GDGR TXH VH KDQ OOHQDGR HOHFWURQHVHQHORUELWDOG\HQHOVHQHOJUXSR
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
' SRU HO PD\RU YDORU GH Q HVWi HQ HO SHUtRGR \ GDGR TXH VH KDQ OOHQDGR HOHFWUyQHQHORUELWDOVHQHOJUXSR
E(OGHPD\RU(,HVHO$\DTXHHVHOPiVSHTXHxR\WLHQHPD\RUQ~PHURGH
HOHFWURQHVHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD
(OGHPHQRU(,HVHO'\DTXHHVHOPiVYROXPLQRVR\VyORWLHQHXQHOHFWUyQHQ
ODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD
F (O GH PD\RU UDGLR HV HO ' \D TXH HV HO SULPHUR GHO SHUtRGR FXDUWR FRQ HO
PD\RUQ~PHURGHFDSDV\PHQRUQ~PHURGHHOHFWURQHVHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD
&XHVWLyQ
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(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHORVLRQHV&O= \.= D5D]RQHFXiOGHORVGRVLRQHVWHQGUiPD\RUUDGLR
E5D]RQHFXiOGHORVGRVHOHPHQWRVQHXWURVWHQGUiPD\RUHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ
Solución
&O VVSVS. VVSVS
DU&O!U.\DTXHORVGRVWLHQHQODPLVPDFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDSHUR
HQHO.KD\XQSURWyQPiVHQHOQ~FOHRSRUORTXHORVHOHFWURQHVHVWDUiQPiV
DWUDtGRV\HOWDPDxRVHUiPHQRU
E'HORVGRVHOHPHQWRVQHXWURVHOGHPD\RU(,VHUiHO&O\DTXHHOHOHFWUyQD
DUUDQFDUHVWiHQODFDSD\HVHOSHQ~OWLPRHOHPHQWRGHOSHUtRGRPLHQWUDVTXH
HO.HVHOSULPHURGHOSHUtRGRVLJXLHQWH\SRUWDQWRPiVYROXPLQRVR
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
7UHVHOHPHQWRVWLHQHQGHQ~PHURDWyPLFR\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHORVPLVPRV
E,QGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWHHOJUXSR\SHULRGRDTXHSHUWHQHFHFDGDXQRGHORV
HOHPHQWRVDQWHULRUHV
F,QGLTXHUD]RQDQGRODUHVSXHVWDHOFDUiFWHUPHWiOLFRRQRPHWiOLFRGHFDGD
XQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVDQWHULRUHV
Solución
D= VVSVSGV
= VVSVSGVS
= VVSVSGVSV
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
E= 3RUHOYDORUGHQGHODFDSDPiVH[WHUQDHVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\GDGR
TXHKD\HOHFWURQHVHQHORUELWDOGHQHOJUXSR
= 3RUHOYDORUGHQGHODFDSDPiVH[WHUQDHVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\GDGR
TXHKD\HOHFWURQHVHQHORUELWDOSHQHOJUXSR
= 3RUHOYDORUGHQGHODFDSDPiVH[WHUQDHVWiHQHOSHUtRGR\GDGR
TXHKD\HOHFWURQHVHQHORUELWDOVHQHOJUXSR
F= 'DGRTXHHO~OWLPRRUELWDOHQHOTXHKDQHQWUDGRHOHFWURQHVHVHOG\
pVWHHVWiVHPLOOHQRFRUUHVSRQGHDXQPHWDOGHWUDQVLFLyQ
= 'DGRTXHODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDHVVS
VyOROHIDOWDXQHOHFWUyQSDUDDOFDQ]DUODFRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOH\SRUWDQWR
HVXQQRPHWDO
= &RPRODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDHVVVXWHQGHQFLDHVDSHUGHUGRVHOHFWURQHV\
SRUWDQWRXQPHWDODOFDOLQRWpUUHR
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/DVGRVWDEODVVLJXLHQWHVFRUUHVSRQGHQDUDGLRVDWyPLFRV
(OHPHQWR /L
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5∆
(OHPHQWR /L
1D .
5E &V
5∆
D-XVWLILTXHODYDULDFLyQGHOUDGLRHQHOSHUtRGR
E-XVWLILTXHODYDULDFLyQGHOUDGLRHQHOJUXSR
Solución
D &RUUHVSRQGHQ D ORV HOHPHQWRV GHO VHJXQGR SHUtRGR DO DYDQ]DU KDFLD OD
GHUHFKD DXPHQWD HQ XQD XQLGDG OD FDUJD QXFOHDU \ VH DxDGH XQ HOHFWUyQ D OD
FRUWH]D TXH HQWUDQ HQ OD PLVPD FDSD SHUR HVWRV HOHFWURQHV QR DSDQWDOODQ FRQ
HIHFWLYLGDG GH XQD XQLGDG D ORV HOHFWURQHV GH OD PLVPD FDSD SRU OR TXH pVWRV
HVWDUiQFDGDYH]PiVDWUDtGRVSRUODFDUJDSRVLWLYDGHOQ~FOHR
E$OEDMDUHQHOJUXSRGHORVDOFDOLQRVHOQXHYRHOHFWUyQHQWUDHQHORUELWDOQV
LQLFLiQGRVH XQD QXHYD FDSD \ SRU WDQWR DXPHQWDQGR HO UDGLR FRQ UHODFLyQ DO
DQWHULRU
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVGHORVHOHPHQWRV3\0QVRQ\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHFDGDXQRGHHOORV
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
E,QGLTXHORVQ~PHURVFXiQWLFRVTXHFRUUHVSRQGDQDORVHOHFWURQHVVLWXDGRVHQ
FDGDFDVRHQORVRUELWDOHVPiVH[WHUQRV
Solución
D3VVSVS
0QVVSVSGV
E3ò
0Qò
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RV HOHPHQWRV 1D $O \ &O WLHQHQ GH Q~PHURV DWyPLFRV \ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHFDGDHOHPHQWR
E(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHORVLRQHV1D$O\&O
F2UGHQHGHIRUPDUD]RQDGDORVUDGLRVGHORVLRQHVDQWHULRUHV
Solución
D1DVVSV$OVVSVS
&OVVSVS
E1DVVS$OVVS&OVVSVS
F$O1D&O
(O FDWLyQ $O HV HO PiV SHTXHxR SXHV DXQTXH WLHQH OD PLVPD FRQILJXUDFLyQ
HOHFWUyQLFD TXH 1D HQ DTXHO ORV HOHFWURQHV HVWiQ DWUDtGRV SRU SURWRQHV
PLHQWUDV TXH HQ HO 1D VyOR HVWiQ DWUDtGRV SRU (O &O HV HO GH PD\RUUDGLR
SXHVKDJDQDGRXQHOHFWUyQ\WLHQHXQDFDSDPiVTXHORVRWURVGRV
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVGHORVHOHPHQWRV%U\5EVRQ\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHDPERVHOHPHQWRV
E,QGLTXHHOLRQPiVHVWDEOHGHFDGDHOHPHQWR\VXFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFD
F5D]RQHFXiOGHORVGRVLRQHVWHQGUiPD\RUUDGLR
Solución
D%UVVSVSGVS
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
5EVVSVSGVSV
E%UVVSVSGVS
5EVVSVSGVS
F (O PD\RU UDGLR HV HO GHO %U SXHV DXQTXH ORV GRV LRQHV WLHQHQ OD PLVPD
FRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDHQpVWHORVHOHFWURQHVHVWiQDWUDtGRVSRUSURWRQHV
\HQHO5ESRU
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RV HOHPHQWRV $ \ % WLHQHQ HQ VXV ~OWLPRV QLYHOHV ODV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV
$ VSV\% VSGVS-XVWLILTXH
D6L$HVPHWDORQRPHWDO
E4XpHOHPHQWRWHQGUiPD\RUDILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFD
F4XpHOHPHQWRWHQGUiPD\RUUDGLR
Solución
D$HVXQPHWDOSXHVDOWHQHUXQVRORHOHFWUyQHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDVX
WHQGHQFLDHVDSHUGHUOR\IRUPDULRQHVSRVLWLYRV
E%SXHVHOHOHFWUyQTXHHQWUDORKDFHHQXQRUELWDOFDVLOOHQR\HQXQDFDSD
PiVFHUFDGHOQ~FOHRTXHHQ$SRUORTXHDOHVWDUPiVFHUFDVHGHVSUHQGHUiPiV
HQHUJtD
F$SXHVWLHQHXQDFDSDHOHFWUyQLFDPiVTXH%
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RViWRPRVQHXWURV;<=WLHQHQODVVLJXLHQWHVFRQILJXUDFLRQHV
; VVS< VVS= VVSV
D,QGLTXHHOJUXSR\HOSHUtRGRHQHOTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQ
E2UGpQHORVUD]RQDGDPHQWHGHPHQRUDPD\RUHOHFWURQHJDWLYLGDG
F¢&XiOHVHOGHPD\RUHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ"
Solución
D;JUXSR\SHUtRGR
<JUXSR\SHUtRGR
=JUXSR\SHUtRGR
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
E=;<
=HVXQ PHWDOGHOJUXSR\GHOWHUFHUSHUtRGRPLHQWUDVTXHORVRWURVGRVVRQ
GHOVHJXQGRSHUtRGRVLHQGRPiVHOHFWURQHJDWLYRHOTXHWLHQHPD\RUQ~PHURGH
HOHFWURQHVHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD\PD\RUQ~PHURGHSURWRQHVHQHOQ~FOHRTXH
DWUDHQPiVDVXVHOHFWURQHV\DORVTXHFRPSDUWDHVHHOHPHQWR
F<
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'HILQD
D(QHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ
E$ILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFD
F(OHFWURQHJDWLYLGDG
Solución
D/DHQHUJtDQHFHVDULDSDUDTXLWDUOHXQPROGHHOHFWURQHVDXQPROGHiWRPRV
GHXQHOHPHQWRHQHVWDGRJDVHRVR\IXQGDPHQWDO
E/DHQHUJtDGHVSUHQGLGDFXDQGRXQPROGHiWRPRVGHXQHOHPHQWRHQHVWDGR
IXQGDPHQWDO\JDVHRVRFDSWDXQPROGHHOHFWURQHV
F/DWHQGHQFLDTXHWLHQHXQHOHPHQWRDDWUDHUVREUHVtDXQSDUGHHOHFWURQHV
TXHFRPSDUWHFRQRWURHOHPHQWR
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
(VFULED ODV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV HOHFWUyQLFDV GHO iWRPR H LRQHV VLJXLHQWHV $O= 1D= 2= D¢&XiOHVVRQLVRHOHFWUyQLFRV"
E¢&XiORFXiOHVWLHQHQHOHFWURQHVGHVDSDUHDGRV"
Solución
$OVVSVS1DVVS2VVS
D1D\2
E$O
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RVHOHPHQWRV;<\=WLHQHQQ~PHURVDWyPLFRV\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHFDGDXQRGHHOORV
E¢6HUtDQHVWDEOHVORVLRQHV;<\="-XVWLILTXHODVUHVSXHVWDV
Solución
D;VVSVS<VVSVSV
=VVSVSGVS
E ; QR SXHV TXHGDUtD V \ SRU WDQWR OD WHQGHQFLD VHUtD D DOFDQ]DU XQD
FRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOH\SRUWDQWR;
<VLSXHVWHQGUtDHQVX~OWLPDFDSDXQDFRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOH
= QR SXHV OD WHQGHQFLD GH = VHUi D FDSWDU XQ HOHFWUyQ \ DOFDQ]DU DVt OD
FRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOH
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGRV ORV VLJXLHQWHV JUXSRV GH Q~PHURV FXiQWLFRV Q O P ,QGLTXH
D&XiOHVQRVRQSHUPLWLGRV\SRUTXp
E /RV RUELWDOHV DWyPLFRV TXH VH FRUUHVSRQGHQ FRQ ORV JUXSRV FX\RV Q~PHURV
FXiQWLFRVVHDQSRVLEOHV
Solución
D\DTXHHOYDORUGHOVyORSXHGHOOHJDUKDVWDQ
\DTXHHOYDORUGHOVyORSXHGHOOHJDUKDVWDQ
<DTXHHOYDORUGHOQRSXHGHVHUQHJDWLYR
EGVG
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGDVODVVLJXLHQWHVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDHOHPHQWRV
QHXWURV
$VVS%VVS&VVSVSV'VVS
,QGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWH
D(OJUXSR\SHULRGRDOTXHSHUWHQHFHFDGDHOHPHQWR
E(OHOHPHQWRGHPD\RU\HOGHPHQRUHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ
F(OHOHPHQWRGHPD\RU\HOGHPHQRUUDGLRDWyPLFR
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
Solución
D$JUXSRSRUWHQHUGRVHOHFWURQHVHQHOVXEQLYHOSHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD\
SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
% JUXSR SRU WHQHU FLQFR HOHFWURQHV HQ HO VXEQLYHO S HQ OD FDSD GH
YDOHQFLD\SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
&JUXSR SRUWHQHUXQ HOHFWUyQHQHOVXEQLYHOV HQODFDSD GHYDOHQFLD \
SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
' JUXSR SRU WHQHU FXDWUR HOHFWURQHV HQ HO VXEQLYHO S GH OD FDSD GH
YDOHQFLD\SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
E(OGHPD\RU(,HVHO%\DTXHGHQWURGHORVTXHHVWiQHQHOVHJXQGRSHUtRGR
FRQ ORV HOHFWURQHV PiV FHUFD GHO Q~FOHR HV HO TXH WLHQH PD\RU Q~PHUR GH
HOHFWURQHVHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDVHUiHQHOTXHHVWiQPiVDWUDtGRVSRUWHQHUOD
PD\RUFDUJDSRVLWLYDHQHOQ~FOHR
(O GH PHQRU ( , HV HO & \D TXH HO HOHFWUyQ D DUUDQFDU HVWi HQ OD FDSD PiV
DOHMDGD GHO Q~FOHR GH WRGRV \ HO LRQ REWHQLGR SUHVHQWD FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH JDV
QREOH
F (O GH PD\RU UDGLR HV HO & \D TXH HV HO TXH WLHQH PD\RU Q~PHUR GH FDSDV
HOHFWUyQLFDV\HVHOSULPHURGHOSHUtRGR
(O GH PHQRU UDGLR HV HO % \D TXH GHQWUR GH ORV GHO VHJXQGR SHUtRGR ORV PiV
SHTXHxRV HV HO TXH WLHQH PD\RU Q~PHUR GH HOHFWURQHV \ SRU WDQWR PD\RU
Q~PHURGHSURWRQHVTXHORVDWUDLJDQ
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D'HILQDDILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFD
E¢4XpFULWHULRVHVLJXHSDUDRUGHQDUORVHOHPHQWRVHQODWDEODSHULyGLFD"
F¢-XVWLILTXHFyPRYDUtDODHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQDORODUJRGHXQSHULRGR"
Solución
D/DHQHUJtDGHVSUHQGLGDFXDQGRXQ PROGHiWRPRVGHXQHOHPHQWRHQHVWDGR
IXQGDPHQWDO\JDVHRVRFDSWDQXQPROGHHOHFWURQHV
E6HRUGHQDQSRURUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHVXQ~PHURDWyPLFR\VHFRORFDQXQRGHEDMR
GHRWURFXDQGRWLHQHQODPLVPDFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD
F &XDQGR QRV GHVSOD]DPRV KDFLD OD GHUHFKD HQ FDGD SHUtRGR YD
GLVPLQX\HQGR HO UDGLR GH ORV HOHPHQWRV \ DXPHQWDQGR VX FDUJD QXFOHDU
HIHFWLYDSRUORTXHYDQDXPHQWDQGRORVYDORUHVGH(,
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D (VFULED ODV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV HOHFWUyQLFDV GH ORV LRQHV VLJXLHQWHV 1D= \
)= E-XVWLILTXHTXHHOLRQ1DWLHQHPHQRUUDGLRTXHHOLRQ)
F-XVWLILTXHTXHODHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQGHOVRGLRHVPHQRUTXHODGHOIO~RU
Solución
D1DVVS)VVS
E /RV GRV LRQHV WLHQHQ OD PLVPD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD SHUR HQ HO 1D ORV
HOHFWURQHVHVWiQDWUDtGRVSRUORVSURWRQHVGHOQ~FOHRPLHQWUDVTXHHQHO) VyORKD\
F 3RU TXH HQ HO VRGLR QHXWUR VX FDSD GH YDOHQFLD HV V TXH HVWi HQ XQD FDSD
PiVTXHHQHOIO~RU\SRUWDQWRPiVOHMRVGHOQ~FOHR\PHQRVDWUDtGRTXHHQHO
IO~RU
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGRVORVHOHPHQWRV$= %= \&= D(VFULEDVXVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDV
E2UGpQHORVGHPHQRUDPD\RUHOHFWURQHJDWLYLGDG
F5D]RQHFXiOWLHQHPD\RUYROXPHQ
Solución
D$VVSVS%VVS&VVSVSV
E&$%
F & SXHV HQ pO VH LQLFLD OD FXDUWD FDSD GH HOHFWURQHV PLHQWUDV TXH ORV RWURV
VyORWLHQHQWUHV\GRVFDSDVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D ¢3RU TXp HO YROXPHQ DWyPLFR DXPHQWD DO EDMDU HQ XQ JUXSR GH OD WDEOD
SHULyGLFD"
E¢3RUTXpORVHVSHFWURVDWyPLFRVVRQGLVFRQWLQXRV"
F'HILQDHOFRQFHSWRGHHOHFWURQHJDWLYLGDG
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
Solución
D3RUTXHHQFDGDJUXSRVHPDQWLHQHODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHODFDSDGH
YDOHQFLD SHUR DO EDMDU GLFKD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HVWi HQ RUELWDOHV GH XQ YDORU GH Q
PD\RUHVGHFLUFDGDHOHPHQWRWLHQHXQDFDSDHOHFWUyQLFDPiV
E 3RUTXH ORV HOHFWURQHV VyOR SXHGHQ H[LVWLU HQ ORV iWRPRV HQ QLYHOHV GH XQD
HQHUJtD FRQFUHWD \ ORV HVSHFWURV VH SURGXFHQ FXDQGR ORV HOHFWURQHV VDOWDQ GH
XQRV QLYHOHV D RWURV SRU WDQWR OD HQHUJtD GHVSUHQGLGD HVSHFWURV GH HPLVLyQ
VyORSRGUiWRPDUORVYDORUHVGHODGLIHUHQFLDGHHQHUJtDGHORVQLYHOHVHQWUHORV
TXHVHSURGXFHQORVVDOWRV
F(VODWHQGHQFLDTXHWLHQHXQiWRPRDDWUDHUVREUHVtDOSDUGHHOHFWURQHVTXH
FRPSDUWHFRQRWURiWRPRFRQHOTXHIRUPDXQHQODFHFRYDOHQWH
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
5D]RQH VL ODV VLJXLHQWHV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV HOHFWUyQLFDV VRQ SRVLEOHV HQ XQ HVWDGR
IXQGDPHQWDORHQXQHVWDGRH[FLWDGR
DVVSV
EVVSVS
FVVSGV
Solución
D 6HUi XQ HVWDGR H[FLWDGR GH V V S SXHV HQ ORV RUELWDOHV S VH SXHGHQ
DOEHUJDUKDVWDVHLVHOHFWURQHV
E (VWD VHUi OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD HQ HVWDGR IXQGDPHQWDO GHO HOHPHQWR
FRQ = SXHV WRGRV ORV HOHFWURQHV HVWiQ RUGHQDGRV HQ RUELWDOHV GH HQHUJtD
FUHFLHQWH
F1RHVSRVLEOHHVWDFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDSXHVQRH[LVWHHORUELWDOG
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGRVORVHOHPHQWRVFX\RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVVRQ\
D(VFULEDVXVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDV
E5D]RQHDTXpJUXSR\SHULRGRGHODWDEODSHULyGLFDSHUWHQHFHQ
F¢&XiOVHUiHOLRQPiVHVWDEOHGHFDGDXQR"-XVWLILTXHODUHVSXHVWD
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
Solución
D=VVS =VVSVS
=V V S V S V E = JUXSR SRU WHQHU WUHV HOHFWURQHV HQ HO VXEQLYHO S HQ OD FDSD GH
YDOHQFLD\SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
= JUXSR SRU WHQHU FLQFR HOHFWURQHV HQ HO VXEQLYHO S HQ OD FDSD GH
YDOHQFLD\SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
=JUXSRSRUWHQHUGRVHOHFWURQHVHQHOVXEQLYHOVHQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD\
SHUtRGRSRUVHUHOPD\RUYDORUGHQ
F= WHQGHUtDDGDU;SXHVHQHVWHLRQDOFDQ]DUtDODFRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDV
QREOHVS
= WHQGHUtD D GDU ; SXHV HQ HVWH LRQ DOFDQ]DUtD OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH JDV
QREOHVS
= WHQGHUtD D GDU ; SXHV DO SHUGHU GRV HOHFWURQHV DOFDQ]DUtD OD
FRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOHVS
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGRHOHOHPHQWRGH= D(VFULEDVXFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFD
E,QGLTXHDTXpJUXSR\SHULRGRSHUWHQHFH
F¢&XiOHVVRQORVYDORUHVSRVLEOHVTXHSXHGHQWRPDUORVQ~PHURVFXiQWLFRVGHVX
HOHFWUyQPiVH[WHUQR"
Solución
DVVSVSV
E3HUWHQHFHDOJUXSR\DOSHUtRGR
Fò
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
&XDWUR HOHPHQWRV TXH OODPDUHPRV $ % & \ ' WLHQHQ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH ORV
Q~PHURVDWyPLFRV\,QGLTXH
D(OJUXSR\HOSHULRGRDOTXHSHUWHQHFHQ
E&XiOHVVRQPHWDOHV
F(OHOHPHQWRTXHWLHQHPD\RUDILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFD
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
Solución
$V
%VVSV
&VVSVS
'V V S V S G V D $ JUXSR SHUtRGR % JUXSR SHUtRGR & JUXSR SHUtRGR 'JUXSRSHUtRGR
E%\'
F&
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D,QGLTXHFXiOHVGHORVVLJXLHQWHVJUXSRVGHQ~PHURVFXiQWLFRVVRQSRVLEOHVSDUD
XQHOHFWUyQHQXQiWRPR
E 'H ODV FRPELQDFLRQHV GH Q~PHURV FXiQWLFRV DQWHULRUHV TXH VHDQ FRUUHFWDV
LQGLTXHHORUELWDOGRQGHVHHQFXHQWUDHOHOHFWUyQ
F(QXPHUHORVRUELWDOHVGHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUHQRUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHHQHUJtD
Solución
D
EGGV
FVGG
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGDVODVVLJXLHQWHVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDVGHODFDSDGHYDOHQFLD
QVQVQSQVQS
D,QGLTXHHOJUXSRDOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHFDGDXQDGHHOODV
E1RPEUHGRVHOHPHQWRVGHFDGDXQRGHORVJUXSRVDQWHULRUHV
F5D]RQHFXiOHVVHUiQORVHVWDGRVGHR[LGDFLyQPiVHVWDEOHVGHORVHOHPHQWRVGH
HVRVJUXSRV
Solución
D
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
E/L1D.5E&V)U266H7H3R
+H1H$U.U;H5Q
FSXHVWLHQHWHQGHQFLDDSHUGHUHVHHOHFWUyQGDQGRHOLRQ0
SXHVWLHQGHDFDSWDUGRVHOHFWURQHVSDUDDOFDQ]DUODFRQILJXUDFLyQGH
JDVQREOHGDQGRHOLRQ0
WLHQHFRQILJXUDFLyQGHJDVQREOHSRUORTXHQRWLHQGHDGDULRQHV
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D'HILQDHOFRQFHSWRGHHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQGHXQHOHPHQWR
E-XVWLILTXHSRUTXpODSULPHUDHQHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQGLVPLQX\HDOGHVFHQGHUHQ
XQJUXSRGHODWDEODSHULyGLFD
F 'DGRV ORV HOHPHQWRV ) 1H \ 1D RUGpQHORV GH PD\RU D PHQRU HQHUJtD GH
LRQL]DFLyQ
Solución
D (V OD HQHUJtD QHFHVDULD SDUD DUUDQFDU XQ PRO GH HOHFWURQHV D XQ PRO GH
iWRPRVGHHVHHOHPHQWRHQHVWDGRIXQGDPHQWDO\JDVHRVR
E$OEDMDUHQXQJUXSRORVHOHPHQWRVWLHQHQODPLVPDFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFD
HQODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDSHURHQXQDFDSDFDGDYH]PiVDOWDSRUORTXHDOHVWDUHO
HOHFWUyQDDUUDQFDUFDGDYH]PiVOHMRVGHOQ~FOHRVHQHFHVLWDUiPHQRVHQHUJtD
SDUDHOOR
F1H!)!1D
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D (VFULED ODV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV HOHFWUyQLFDV GHO FORUR = \ GHO SRWDVLR
= E¢&XiOHVVHUiQORVLRQHVPiVHVWDEOHVDTXHGDUiQOXJDUORViWRPRVDQWHULRUHV"
F¢&XiOGHHVRVLRQHVWHQGUiPHQRUUDGLR"
Solución
D&OVVSVS.VVSVSV
E&O\.
F.
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVGHORVHOHPHQWRV$%\&VRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\
D(VFULEDODVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDVGHHVWRVHOHPHQWRV
E,QGLTXHTXpHOHPHQWRVGHORVFLWDGRVWLHQHQHOHFWURQHVGHVDSDUHDGRV
F ,QGLTXH ORV Q~PHURV FXiQWLFRV TXH FDUDFWHUL]DQ D HVRV HOHFWURQHV
GHVDSDUHDGRV
Solución
D$VVSVSV
%VVSVSGVS
&VVSVSGVS
E$\%
F$ò%ò
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGRVORVVLJXLHQWHVJUXSRVGHQ~PHURVFXiQWLFRV
$ò%ò&
'ò
D5D]RQHTXpJUXSRVQRVRQYiOLGRVSDUDFDUDFWHUL]DUXQHOHFWUyQ
E,QGLTXHDTXpRUELWDOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQORVJUXSRVSHUPLWLGRV
Solución
D$òHOYDORUGHOFRPRPi[LPRSXHGHOOHJDUDQ
E%G&G'S
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/DFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHXQiWRPRH[FLWDGRGHXQHOHPHQWRHVV V S
VSV
5D]RQH FXiOHV GH ODV DILUPDFLRQHV VLJXLHQWHV VRQ FRUUHFWDV \ FXiOHV IDOVDV SDUD
HVHHOHPHQWR
D3HUWHQHFHDOJUXSRGHORVDOFDOLQRV
E3HUWHQHFHDOSHULRGRGHOVLVWHPDSHULyGLFR
F7LHQHFDUiFWHUPHWiOLFR
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
Solución
D6LSXHVFXDQGRHVWpHQHVWDGRIXQGDPHQWDOVXFRQILJXUDFLyQVHUiV V S
V SV\ODFRQILJXUDFLyQGHODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDQVHVODGHOJUXSRHOGH
ORVDOFDOLQRV
E 1R SRUTXH WLHQH YDORU GH Q HQ HO HVWDGR H[FLWDGR HQ HO HVWDGR
IXQGDPHQWDOODFDSDGHYDOHQFLDHVVSRUORTXHSHUWHQHFHUiDOSHULRGR
F6LSXHVHVXQHOHPHQWRDOFDOLQR\VXWHQGHQFLDHVDGDULRQ0
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGDVODVHVSHFLHV&O= .= \$U= D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHFDGDXQDGHHOODV
E-XVWLILTXHFXiOWHQGUiXQUDGLRPD\RU
Solución
D&OVVSVS
.VVSVS
$UVVSVS
E (O PD\RU UDGLR OR WHQGUi HO LRQ &O \D TXH FRPR WRGRV WLHQHQ OD PLVPD
FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD ORV HOHFWURQHV GHO FORUXUR VRQ ORV TXH HVWiQ DWUDtGRV
SRUHOPHQRUQ~PHURGHSURWRQHV
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
&RQVLGHUHODVHULHGHHOHPHQWRV/L1D.5E\&V
D'HILQD(QHUJtDGHLRQL]DFLyQ
E ,QGLTXH FyPR YDUtD OD (QHUJtD GH ,RQL]DFLyQ HQ OD VHULH GH ORV HOHPHQWRV
FLWDGRV
F([SOLTXHFXiOHVHOIDFWRUGHWHUPLQDQWHGHHVWDYDULDFLyQ
Solución
D (V OD HQHUJtD QHFHVDULD SDUD DUUDQFDU XQ PRO GH HOHFWURQHV D XQ PRO GH
iWRPRVHQHVWDGRJDVHRVR\IXQGDPHQWDO
E'LVPLQX\HDOGHVSOD]DUQRVHQODVHULH
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
F (O WDPDxR SXHV HO HOHFWUyQ D DUUDQFDU FDGD YH] HVWi PiV OHMRV GHO Q~FOHR\
SRUWDQWRPHQRVDWUDtGR
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/RVQ~PHURVDWyPLFRVGHORVHOHPHQWRV$%\&VRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\
D(VFULEDODFRQILJXUDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHFDGDHOHPHQWR
E,QGLTXHTXpHOHPHQWRHVHOPiVHOHFWURQHJDWLYR\FXiOHOGHPD\RUUDGLR
F,QGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWHFXiORFXiOHVGHORVHOHPHQWRVVRQPHWDOHV\FXiOR
FXiOHVQRPHWDOHV
Solución
D$VVSVSV%VVSVSGV
&VVSVSGVS
E(OPiVHOHFWURQHJDWLYRHVHO&\HOGHPD\RUUDGLRHO$
F$HVXQPHWDOGHOJUXSRHOGHORVDOFDOLQRWpUUHRV\WLHQGHQDGDU0(O%
HVXQPHWDOGHOJUXSR\VXSULQFLSDOWHQGHQFLDHVDSHUGHUORVGRVHOHFWURQHV
VGDQGR0DXQTXHSXHGHGDUPiVLRQHV(O&HVQRPHWDOGHOJUXSR\FRQ
WHQGHQFLDDGDULRQHV&
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGDVODVVLJXLHQWHVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDVH[WHUQDV
QVQVQSQVQS
D ,GHQWLILTXH HO JUXSR GHO VLVWHPD SHULyGLFR DO TXH FRUUHVSRQGH FDGD XQD GH
HOODV
E 3DUD HO FDVR GH Q HVFULED OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD FRPSOHWD GHO
HOHPHQWRGHFDGDXQRGHHVRVJUXSRV\QyPEUHOR
Solución
D$OJUXSR\
EVVSVSV\FRUUHVSRQGHDO.
VVSVSGVS\FRUUHVSRQGHDO*D
VVSVSGVS\FRUUHVSRQGHDO.U
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
a) Escriba la configuración electrónica de los elementos A, B y C, cuyos números
atómicos son 33, 35 y 37,UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
E,QGLTXHHOJUXSR\HOSHULRGRDOTXHSHUWHQHFHQ
F5D]RQHTXpHOHPHQWRWHQGUiPD\RUFDUiFWHUPHWiOLFR
Solución
D $ V V S V S G V S % V V S V S G V S
&VVSVSGVSV
E$JUXSR\SHULRGR%JUXSR\SHULRGR
&JUXSR\SHULRGR
F & SXHV WLHQH XQ VROR HOHFWUyQ HQ OD FDSD GH YDOHQFLD \ VX WHQGHQFLD HV D
FHGHUORGDQGR&
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
,QGLTXH
D /RV VXEQLYHOHV GH HQHUJtD GDGRV SRU HO Q~PHUR FXiQWLFR VHFXQGDULR O TXH
FRUUHVSRQGHQDOQLYHOFXiQWLFRQ E$TXpWLSRGHRUELWDOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQORVVXEQLYHOHVDQWHULRUHV
F 6L H[LVWH DOJ~Q VXEQLYHO GH Q FRQ HQHUJtD PHQRU TXH DOJ~Q VXEQLYHO GH
Q GLJDFXiO
Solución
D3DUDQ OSXHGHYDOHU\
EVSG\I
F(OVWLHQHPHQRVHQHUJtDTXHHOG\HOSPHQRVTXHHOI
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
a) Indique el número de electrones desapareados que hay en los siguientes
átomos: $V= &O= $U= b) Indique los grupos de números cuánticos que corresponderán a esos electrones
desapareados.
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
Solución
D$VVVSVSGVSWLHQHHQORVWUHVRUELWDOHVS
&OVVSVSWLHQHHQXQRGHORVRUELWDOHVS
$UVVSVSQRWLHQHQLQJXQR
E$Vòòò
&O ò HO YDORU GH PO SXHGH VHU \ ² SXHV ORV WUHV RUELWDOHV
HVWiQ GHJHQHUDGRV 6H KDHOHJLGR SRUTXH VH VXSRQH TXH FRPLHQ]D D OOHQDUVH
SRUHOYDORUVHJXLGRGHO\ILQDOPHQWH²
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
D 5D]RQH VL SDUD XQ HOHFWUyQ VRQ SRVLEOHV ODV VLJXLHQWHV VHULHV GH Q~PHURV
FXiQWLFRVòòòò
E ,QGLTXH D TXp WLSR GH RUELWDO FRUUHVSRQGHQ ORV HVWDGRV DQWHULRUHV TXH VHDQ
SRVLEOHV
F,QGLTXHHQFXiOGHHOORVODHQHUJtDHVPD\RU
Solución
DQRSXHGHVHUSXHVHOYDORUGHQVLHPSUHHVGLVWLQWRGHFHUR
QRSXHGHVHUSXHVHOYDORUGHOSDUDXQGHWHUPLQDGRYDORUGH
QSXHGHOOHJDUDQFRPRPi[LPR
ES\G
FGTXHHVHOGHPD\RUYDORUGHQ\SRUWDQWRGHPD\RUHQHUJtD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'DGDVODVVLJXLHQWHVHVSHFLHV$U&D\&O
D(VFULEDVXVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDV
E2UGpQHODVUD]RQDQGRODUHVSXHVWDHQRUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHVXVUDGLRV
1~PHURVDWyPLFRV$U &D &O Solución
D$UVVSVS&DVVSVS
&OVVSVS
(VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD
E &D $U &O ORV WUHV WLHQHQ OD PLVPD FRQILJXUDFLyQ HOHFWUyQLFD SHUR
FXDQWRVPHQRVSURWRQHVORVDWUDLJDQGHVGHHOQ~FOHRPiVJUDQGHVHUiHOiWRPR
RLRQ