Mercado Mundial del Arroz - Asociación Cultivadores de Arroz I ACA

0HUFDGR0XQGLDOGHO$UUR]
5HQGLPLHQWRV0XQGLDOHVGHO$UUR]
3URGXFFLyQ\&RQVXPR
'HDFXHUGRDORV~OWLPRVGDWRVSXEOLFDGRVSRUOD2UJDQL]D
FLyQSDUDOD$OLPHQWDFLyQ\OD$JULFXOWXUDGHOD218)$2
VHHVWLPDTXHODSURGXFFLyQPXQGLDOGHDUUR]HODERUDGR
DXPHQWDUiDFHUFDGHPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVHQ
XQDXPHQWRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOHQFRPSDUD
FLyQFRQORVPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVGH
/D)$2SURQRVWLFDTXHHOFRQVXPRPXQGLDOGHDUUR]DX
PHQWDUiHQDOUHGHGRUGHDDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHV
GHWRQHODGDVHQHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVPLOOR
QHVGHWRQHODGDVGHGHELGRDXQDXPHQWRSUHYLV
WRGHODGHPDQGDGHDOLPHQWRVGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
/DDJHQFLDGHOD218HVWLPDTXHODVH[LVWHQFLDVPXQGLDOHV
GHDUUR]DXPHQWDUiQHQXQDDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHV
GHWRQHODGDVHQIUHQWHDORVFHUFDGHPLOORQHV
GHWRQHODGDVGHGHELGRDODVPD\RUHVH[LVWHQFLDV
HVSHUDGDVHQ&KLQD7DLODQGLD\9LHWQDP
(O FRQVXPR PXQGLDO GH DUUR] VXSHUDUi OD SURGXFFLyQ GH
DUUR] HQ \ VHJXLUi KDFLpQGROR HQ ORV SUy[LPRV
DxRVGHDFXHUGRFRQHO&RQVHMR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH&HUHDOHV
FRQVHGHHQ/RQGUHV,*&
(Q VXV SUR\HFFLRQHV SDUD ORV SUy[LPRV FLQFR DxRV KDVWD
HO&,*HVWDEOHFHTXHVHHVSHUDTXHODSURGXFFLyQ
PXQGLDOGHDUUR]VLJDDXPHQWDQGRGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGRSHUR
HV SUREDEOH TXH OR KDJD D XQD WDVD GHFUHFLHQWH (O FUHFL
PLHQWRGH OD SURGXFFLyQ GH DUUR] HQ HO SHUtRGR DVHHVWLPDHQPHQRVTXHHOFUHFLPLHQWR
SUHYLVWRGHODGHPDQGDGHHQHOPLVPRSHUtRGR
3RURWURODGRVHHVSHUDTXHODSURGXFFLyQPXQGLDOGHDUUR]
FUH]FDDDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVHQ
6LQHPEDUJRHVWRHVXQPLOOyQGHWRQHODGDVPHQRVTXH
HOFRQVXPRHVWLPDGRGHDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHVGHWR
QHODGDVHQHVHDxR3RUORPLVPRVHHVSHUDTXHODEUHFKD
VH HQVDQFKH HQ ORV DxRV SRVWHULRUHV GLFH ,*& (Q HOFRQVXPRHVWLPDGRGHDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHVGH
WRQHODGDV VHUi DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLOORQHV GH WRQHODGDV
PiVDOWRTXHODSURGXFFLyQHVWLPDGDGHDOUHGHGRUGH
PLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVPLHQWUDVTXHHOFRQVXPRGHDUUR]
GHDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVHQHV
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVPiVDOWRTXHOD
SURGXFFLyQJOREDOHVWLPDGDGHDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHV
GHWRQHODGDV
/DOHQWDWDVDGHFUHFLPLHQWRGHODSURGXFFLyQPXQGLDOGH
DUUR]VHDWULEX\HDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQSUHYLVWDHQODSURGXF
FLyQGHDUUR]HQ&KLQDHOPD\RUSURGXFWRU\FRQVXPLGRU
PXQGLDO GH DUUR] (O ,*& VHxDOD TXH HV SUREDEOH TXH OD
SURGXFFLyQGHDUUR]HQ&KLQDGLVPLQX\DHQORVSUy[LPRV
FLQFRDxRVGHELGRDOGHELOLWDPLHQWRGHODGHPDQGDDPH
GLGDTXHPiVSHUVRQDVFDPELDQKDFLDXQPD\RUFRQVXPR
GHSURWHtQDV
6LQ HPEDUJR VH SURQRVWLFD TXH ODV H[LVWHQFLDV PXQGLDOHV
GHDUUR]VHDQVXILFLHQWHVHQORVSUy[LPRVFLQFRDxRVVH
J~QHO,*&6HSUHYpTXHODVH[LVWHQFLDVPXQGLDOHVGHDUUR]
DILQDOHVGHVHDQGHDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHV
GHWRQHODGDV\TXHGLVPLQX\DQHQXQDDOUHGHGRUGH
PLOORQHV GH WRQHODGDV HQ 6H DJXDUGD TXH
$%5,/
HO FRPHUFLR PXQGLDO GH DUUR] OOHJXH D DOUHGHGRU GH PLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVHQXQDXPHQWRGHOHQ
FRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVGH
&RPHUFLR0XQGLDO
/D)$2HVWLPDTXHHOFRPHUFLRPXQGLDOGHDUUR]DXPHQ
WDUiDDOUHGHGRUGHPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVHQ
XQDXPHQWRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOHQFRPSDUDFLyQ
FRQ ORV PLOORQHV GH WRQHODGDV GH 6H HVSHUD
TXH DXPHQWHQ ODV LPSRUWDFLRQHV GH %DQJODGHVK 1LJHULD
6HQHJDO &KLQD ,QGRQHVLD \ )LOLSLQDV 7DPELpQ VH HVSHUD
TXH &DPER\D 3DNLVWiQ 9LHWQDP 7DLODQGLD \ ((88 H[
SRUWHQPiVDUUR]/D)$2VHxDODTXHVHHVSHUDTXHOD,QGLD
PDQWHQJDVXSRVLFLyQFRPRH[SRUWDGRUGHDUUR]Q~PHUR
XQRGHOPXQGRDSHVDUGHODVQHFHVLGDGHVQDFLRQDOHVPiV
JUDQGHVGHELGRDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOD/H\1DFLRQDOGH
6HJXULGDG$OLPHQWDULD
3RUVXSDUWH86'$LQGLFDTXHHVSUREDEOHTXHHOFRPHUFLR
PXQGLDOGHDUUR]DXPHQWHHQXQHQHODxRKDVWD
PLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVPL
OORQHVGHWRQHODGDVGHD\XGDGRSRUHODXPHQWRGH
ODVLPSRUWDFLRQHVSRUSDUWHGH&KLQD\ÉIULFD2FFLGHQWDO
(O86'$HVSHUDTXHOD,QGLDUHWHQJDVXOXJDUFRPRPD\RU
H[SRUWDGRUGHDUUR]HQHODxRFRQDOUHGHGRUGH
PLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVGHH[SRUWDFLRQHVGHDUUR]7DPELpQ
VH DJXDUGD TXH ODV H[SRUWDFLRQHV GH DUUR] GH 0\DQPDU
&DPER\D7DLODQGLD\9LHWQDPDXPHQWHQHQ
8QQXHYRLQIRUPHSXEOLFDGRSRUHO&RQVHMR,QWHUQDFLRQDO
GH &HUHDOHV &,& SUHYp TXH OD SURGXFFLyQ PXQGLDO GH
DUUR]DOFDQ]DUiVXSXQWRPiVDOWRHQOOHJDQGRD
WDQWRFRPRPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDVGHDUUR]HODERUDGR
/DSURGXFFLyQGHODxRSDVDGRIXHGHXQRVPLOORQHVGH
WRQHODGDV\HVWHDXPHQWRGHOVHGHEHSULQFLSDOPHQWHDO
DXPHQWRGHODSURGXFFLyQHQ$VLD(QFRQVHFXHQFLDWDP
ELpQVHHVSHUDTXHHOXVRPXQGLDOGHDUUR]DXPHQWHXQ
HQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQHODxRSDVDGR
7DPELpQVHSUHYpTXHODSURGXFFLyQGHDUUR]HQ$PpULFD
GHO6XUOOHJXHDXQPi[LPRGHPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDV
PiVTXHHQHODxRDQWHULRU%UDVLOHVWiLPSXOVDQGRHQ
$%5,/
JUDQPHGLGDHVWHDXPHQWRGHELGRDODPHMRUD
GH OD SURGXFWLYLGDG D SHVDU GH OD VXSHUILFLH
GHVLHPEUDKDEDMDGR
7DLODQGLD&ULVLVSROtWLFD\VHFWRUDUURFH
UR
/DVLWXDFLyQGH7DLODQGLDVHKDFRPSOHML]DGR
HQ ORV ~OWLPRV PHVHV FRQ OD FULVLV SROtWLFD \
HOILQGHSURJUDPDVGHVXEVLGLRVDODUUR]5H
FLHQWHPHQWH HQ XQD IXHUWH FULVLV HFRQyPLFD
VH FHOHEUDURQ ODV HOHFFLRQHV TXH VL ELHQ QR
KD\IHFKDFODUDGHUHVXOWDGRVDOFLHUUHGHHVWD
SXEOLFDFLyQ\DVHSUHYpQUHVXOWDGRV
&RPR SDUWH LPSRUWDQWH GH OD FULVLV VH GD OD
VLWXDFLyQ GH FULVLV GHO VHFWRU DUURFHUR \ HO
ILQGHOSURJUDPDGHVXEVLGLRVWDQGHEDWLGR\
FXHVWLRQDGRHQGLYHUVRViPELWRV
(OSURJUDPDGHVXEVLGLRVGHODUUR]KDJHQHUDGRLPSRUWDQ
WHVGpILFLWHQHOSUHVXSXHVWRS~EOLFR\DODYH]SDUHFHQR
KDEHUGDGRORVUHVXOWDGRVTXHRULJLQDURQDOPLVPR7DLODQ
GLD SHUGLy VX OXJDU GH SULQFLSDO SDtV H[SRUWDGRU GH DUUR]
GHMDQGRVXOXJDUD,QGLD\9LHWQDP
/DVLWXDFLyQKR\GHXQDJUDYHFULVLVSROtWLFDVHHQPDUFDHQ
ORVUHFODPRVGHORVFDPSHVLQRVSRUORVDWUDVRVHQORVSDJRV
TXHGHEHUHDOL]DUHOSURJUDPD$VXYH]H[LVWHQLPSRUWDQ
WHVFDQWLGDGHVGHDUUR]TXHVHHQFXHQWUDQDFXPXODGDVHQ
ORVDOPDFHQHVGHO(VWDGRTXHHVWiVDOLHQGRDYHQGHUHVWRV
VWRFNDOPHUFDGRH[WHUQRDORVHIHFWRVGHKDFHUIUHQWHD
GLFKDVGHXGDV
(VWDVYHQWDVKDQJHQHUDGRDOJXQDLQFHUWLGXPEUHWDQWRDQL
YHOLQWHUQRFRPRH[WHUQRSHURODUHDOLGDGKR\HVTXHQR
VHVDEHVLH[LVWLUiXQDSUHVLyQDODEDMDHQORVSUHFLRVGDGR
ORV YRO~PHQHV TXH YDQ D VHU RIHUWDGRV R VL VH HQFXHQWUD
FRPSURPHWLGDODLPDJHQGHODUUR]WDLODQGpVGDGRTXHH[LV
WHQGXGDVUHVSHFWRGHVXHVWDGRDOHVWDUDFXPXODGRWDQWR
WLHPSR
7DLODQGLD H[SRUWy DOUHGHGRU GH PLOORQHV GH WRQHODGDV
GHDUUR]HQORVSULPHURVGRVPHVHVGHXQDXPHQWR
GHDOUHGHGRUGHOHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQHOPLOOyQGHWR
QHODGDVGHDUUR]H[SRUWDGDVGXUDQWHHOPLVPRSHUtRGRHQ
VHJ~QGDWRVGHOD$VRFLDFLyQ7DLODQGHVDGH([SRUWD
GRUHVGH$UUR]75($
7DLODQGLDH[SRUWyDOUHGHGRUGHWRQHODGDVGHDUUR]
HQIHEUHURGHXQDXPHQWRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHO
HQ FRPSDUDFLyQ FRQ ODV WRQHODGDV GH DUUR]
H[SRUWDGDVHQHQHURGH\GHHQFRPSDUDFLyQ
FRQODVWRQHODGDVH[SRUWDGDVHQIHEUHURGH
(OJRELHUQRGH7DLODQGLDYHQGLyFHUFDGHXQPLOOyQGHWR
QHODGDVGHDUUR]GHVXVUHVHUYDVHQPDU]RGH\WLHQH
SUHYLVWRYHQGHUXQPLOOyQGHWRQHODGDVGHDUUR]\UHFDXGDU
DOUHGHGRUGHPLOPLOORQHVGHEDKWXQRV86PLOOR
QHVFDGDPHV/DVDFWXDOHVH[LVWHQFLDVGHDUUR]HQORVDO
PDFHQHVGHOJRELHUQRVHHVWLPDQHQXQRVPLOORQHVGH
WRQHODGDVVHJ~QIXHQWHVORFDOHV
(O'HSDUWDPHQWRGH&RPHUFLR([WHULRUGH7DLODQGLD')7
SODQHD YHQGHU FHUFD GH WRQHOD
GDVGHDUUR]HQXQDVXEDVWDDFHOHEUDUVH
HO\HOGHDEULOGHVHJ~QIXHQ
WHVORFDOHV
3RU HO PRPHQWR ORV SUHFLRV YLHQHQ WH
QLHQGR FLHUWD HVWDELOLGDG SHUR VH HVWLPD
TXH VL 7DLODQGLD VDOH D YHQGHU JUDQGHV
YRO~PHQHVGHDUUR]SXHGDJHQHUDVHXQD
JXHUUDGHSUHFLRVFRQORVRWURVGRVSULQ
FLSDOHVH[SRUWDGRUHV
*XHUUDGHSUHFLRVHVXQWpUPLQRXWLOL]D
GRHQORVQHJRFLRVSDUDGHILQLUXQHVWDGR
GH LQWHQVD FRPSHWLWLYLGDG DFRPSDxDGD
FRQXQDVHULHGHUHGXFFLRQHVGHSUHFLRV
PXOWLODWHUDOHV 8Q FRPSHWLGRU EDMDUi VX
SUHFLR\RWURVORKDUiQHQPD\RUFXDQWtD6LXQRGHORVTXH
KDQUHDFFLRQDGRUHGXFHVXSUHFLRSRUGHEDMRGHOSULPHUR
HQWRQFHVVHLQLFLDXQDQXHYDURQGDGHGHVFHQVRV$FRUWR
SOD]RODVJXHUUDVGHSUHFLRVVRQEXHQDVSDUDORVFRQVXPL
GRUHV TXH SXHGHQ EHQHILFLDUVH GH ORV SUHFLRV EDMRV SHUR
OD FRQWUDFDUD HV TXH HVWD EDMD GHVHQIUHQDGD SXHGH KDFHU
SHUGHU WRGD JDQDQFLD SRU OR TXH VH WHUPLQDQ JHQHUDQGR
HIHFWRVQHJDWLYRV'HWRGDVIRUPDVHQHVWHFRQWH[WRMXHJDQ
RWURVHOHPHQWRVDGLFLRQDOHVDORVSUHFLRVFRPRVHUODUHD
3URWHVWDVSRSXODUHVHQ7DLODQGLDSRUODFULVLVHFRQyPLFD
OLGDGGHODVLWXDFLyQSROtWLFDODFDOLGDGGHOSURGXFWRHQWUH
RWURV
3RU HO PRPHQWR PLHQWUDV DYDQ]D OD VLWXDFLyQ SROtWLFD VH
KDQYHQLGRGDGRGHFLVLRQHVGHH[SRUWDFLyQ\E~VTXHGDGH
DOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDODVLWXDFLyQLQWHUQD3HURHVXQDUHDOLGDG
TXHSDVDQORVPHVHV\VHPDQWLHQHQODVSURWHVWDVFRQIOLFWRV
HLQFHUWLGXPEUHV
$%5,/