MỤC LỤC GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG ................................................................................................................................. 3 HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU ........................................................................................................ 4 TOPIC 1: EDUCATION.................................................................................................................................... 6 QUESTION LIST .......................................................................................................................................... 6 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE........................................................................................................................... 9 TOPIC 2: WORK ........................................................................................................................................... 54 QUESTION LIST ........................................................................................................................................ 54 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE......................................................................................................................... 55 TOPIC 3: HEALTH......................................................................................................................................... 71 QUESTION LIST ........................................................................................................................................ 71 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE......................................................................................................................... 72 TOPIC 4: ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................ 86 QUESTION LIST ........................................................................................................................................ 86 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE......................................................................................................................... 87 TOPIC 5: BUSINESS ................................................................................................................................... 101 QUESTION LIST ...................................................................................................................................... 101 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................... 103 TOPIC 6: ENTERTAINMENT ....................................................................................................................... 121 QUESTION LIST ...................................................................................................................................... 121 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................... 122 TOPIC 7: SPORTS ....................................................................................................................................... 134 QUESTION LIST ...................................................................................................................................... 134 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................... 135 TOPIC 8: LANGUAGE ................................................................................................................................. 151 QUESTION LIST ...................................................................................................................................... 151 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................... 152 TOPIC 9: TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 160 QUESTION LIST ...................................................................................................................................... 160 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................... 161 TOPIC 10: SOCIAL ISSUES.......................................................................................................................... 179 QUESTION LIST ...................................................................................................................................... 179 WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE....................................................................................................................... 182 GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG Để các bạn có thêm nguồn bài mẫu hữu ích trong quá trình ôn thi, IELTS XUÂN PHI xin gửi tặng các bạn bài viết mẫu học thuật cho đề thi thực tế Writing Task 2. Sách tổng hợp 96 bài mẫu band 8+ được chấm bởi Cựu giám khảo BC cho các chủ đề xuất hiện trong năm 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 để giúp các bạn dễ dàng hình dung một cách tổng quát và thực tế về độ khó của bài thi viết Task 2 cũng như xu hướng ra đề IELTS năm nay. Các bài viết đều được IELTS XUÂN PHI và cựu giám khảo Hội đồng Anh trực tiếp viết và biên soạn để đảm bảo độ chính xác. Với mỗi list từ vựng và cấu trúc hay, các bạn có thể lọc 5-7 từ/cụm từ mình tâm đắc nhất rồi “tủ” cho từng chủ đề, lúc thi có gặp thì dùng luôn cho tiết kiệm thời gian. Writing thực sự là một kỹ năng khó khiến chúng ta thở dài ngao ngán. Vậy nên tâm lý chung của nhiều bạn mục tiêu band thấp là bỏ qua và dồn tâm sức vào những kỹ năng còn lại với hy vọng vớt vát được bao nhiêu tốt bấy nhiêu. Nhưng nếu bạn tham vọng mục tiêu cao hơn, hay đơn giản chỉ muốn có cảm giác thành tựu chinh phục được cả 4 kỹ năng, thì chẳng còn cách nào khác ngoài việc Đọc và Luyện tập thật nhiều. Đọc các bài báo học thuật, bài mẫu IELTS Writing chất lượng; luyện viết thường xuyên và quan trọng nhất là nhờ ai đó có chuyên môn về IELTS sửa bài giúp mình. Hy vọng IELTS Xuân Phi có thể cùng bước với các bạn trên con đường thoát trầm cảm Writing. Đăng ký tham gia khóa học IELTS Writing chuyên sâu: https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/khoa-hoc-ielts-online-ca-nhan-hoa/ Tham gia nhóm Ở đây IELTS Xuân Phi chữa Writing miễn phí: https://www.facebook.com/groups/odaychuabaiwritingmienphi HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU Tài liệu này sẽ cung cấp list từ vựng học thuật và bài mẫu sử dụng từ vựng trong list từ cho 96 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau, với các đề được chia thành 10 Topics. Trong mỗi topic sẽ có 2 phần, với các thông tin cụ thể như sau: Phần 1: QUESTION LIST Phần này sẽ bao gồm một danh sách từ 2 tới 27 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau liên quan tới topic bạn chọn. Các bạn có thể bắt đầu bằng việc đọc danh sách này để chọn đề mình muốn xem và chuyển qua phần 2 nhé. Phần 2: WORD LIST & EXAMPLE Phần thứ hai này sẽ bao gồm các list từ vựng cho từng đề bài cụ thể, đi kèm với bài mẫu band 8+ được chấm bởi Ex-BC examiner. Cách học: Bước 1: Các bạn sử dụng mục lục để lựa chọn topic mà mình muốn xem trong tổng cộng 10 topic. Bước 2: Các bạn lựa chọn đề bài mình muốn xem trong topic đó bằng cách đọc danh sách đề trong phần “QUESTION LIST”. Bước 3: Các bạn sang trang tiếp theo để tham khảo danh sách từ vựng cho mỗi đề. TOPIC 1: EDUCATION QUESTION LIST 1. 31/10/2020 Question: People say that it is a waste of time for high school students to learn literature such as novels and poems. Do you agree or disagree? 2. 07/11/2020 Question: Some people say that outdoor activities bring more benefits to children’s development rather than computer games. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 3. 16/01/2021 Question: Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it. Others think students should spend time on important subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 4. 02/02/2021 Question: Many people think there is an increase of antisocial behavior and a lack of respect to others. What do you think are the causes of this and how to improve the situation? 5. 04/03/2021 Question: Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are the reasons? What could be done to solve this problem? 6. 07/08/2021 Question: Some people think children have the freedom to make mistakes, while other people believe that adults should prevent children from making mistakes. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 7. 21/08/2021 Question: In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of parents choosing to self-educate their children at home rather than sending them to school. Do the advantages of home education outweigh the disadvantages? 8. 13/11/2021 Question: Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 9. 04/12/2021 Question: Some people think that schools should select students according to their academic abilities, while others believe that it is better to have students with different abilities studying together. Discuss both views and state your own opinion. 10. 08/01/2022 Question: Some people could be naturally good leaders. Others believe that people can learn leadership skills. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 11. 19/3/2022 Question: Some people believe that schools should teach foreign languages for primary school children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? 12. 09/04/2022 Question: Although there is a lot of translation software available, learning a language could still be advantageous. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 13. 23/4/2022 Question: Young people learn good behavior more from movies and books than real-life experiences. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. 11/08/2022 Question: Many people believe that good planning is the key factor to success in life, while others believe that other factors like hard work or luck are important. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 15. 19/11/2022 Question: Some people think history has nothing or little to tell us, but others think that studying the past history can help us better understand the present. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 16. 22/12/2022 Question: Some people believe that governments should pay full course fees for students who want to study in universities. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 17. 28/01/2023 Question: Nowadays, not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. Why? What will be effects on society? 18. 04/03/2023 Question: Some students choose to take a gap year after graduating high school to work and/or travel. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 19. 18/03/2023 Question: The increasing use of computers and mobile phones has had a negative effect on young people’s reading and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20. 08/04/2023 Question: Some people believe teenagers should focus on all subjects equally, whereas other people think that they should concentrate on only those subjects that they find interesting and they are best at. Discuss both views and give your opinion? 21. 15/04/2023 Question: It is the responsibility of schools to teach good behaviour in addition to providing formal education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 31/10/2020 Question: People say that it is a waste of time for high school students to learn literature such as novels and poems. Do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Practical value Giá trị thực tiễn Moral orientation Định hướng đạo đức Fundamentally Về cơ bản Fictional Giả tưởng Moral development Phát triển nhân cách Empathise Đồng cảm Subjective judgements Đánh giá/Phán xét một cách chủ quan Contradicting opinions Ý kiến trái chiều Cherish Trân trọng Open-minded Cởi mở/sẵn sàng tiếp thu những cái mới Testaments Bằng chứng/Minh chứng Curriculum Chương trình giáo dục Impractical Không thực tế/ Không thực tiễn Nurture Nuôi dưỡng EXAMPLE Some people argue that teaching literature in high schools is a sheer waste of time since it has little to no practical value. However, I contend that it provides essential moral orientation to students. On the one hand, high schoolers might find it hard to apply literature lessons to real life. More specifically, writers or poets compose their works at a time that is fundamentally different from the present teenager’s world. More importantly, characters in novels are clearly fictional, possessing a set of behaviours that are not always relatable in modern terms. For instance, throughout the poem “Odyssey”, the hero resolved to use violence to settle all disagreements, an approach that would not work in our current, more peaceful civilisation. On the other hand, it appears to me that this subject is crucial to the moral development of those at high school. While studying novels or poems, they are able to empathise with the characters, understanding their circumstances in the given settings instead of making subjective judgements. As a result, young learners would likely become empathetic graduates who are willing to appreciate contradicting opinions and cherish differences, eventually becoming more open-minded citizens. That is a testament why literature should be included in school curriculum. In conclusion, although novels or poems may seem to be impractical, I am convinced that literature must have a place in high school programs to nurture welle ducated citizens. Nevertheless, teachers should adopt more creative teaching methods such as role playing or plot construction to make lessons more relevant to their students. (Word count: 256 words) 2. 07/11/2020 Question: Some people say that outdoor activities bring more benefits to children’s development rather than computer games. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIÊNG VIỆT Overall growth Sự phát triển toàn diện Physical potential Tiềm năng thể chất Regular exercise Hoạt động thể chất thường xuyên Playground activities Hoạt động ngoài sân chơi Increase appetite Tăng sự ngon miệng Sedentary lifestyle Lối sống ít vận động Shortage of essential nutrition Thiếu hụtcác chấtdinh dưỡngcần thiết Precursor to something Dấu hiệu/ điềm báo cho cái gì Stay in touch with nature Gần gũi với thiên nhiên Spatial visualisation Hình dung về không gian Scientifically proven Được khoa học chứng minh Conducive to something Có lợi cho cái gì Facilitate Tạo điều kiện Lavish time on something Phung phí thời gian vào cái gì EXAMPLE It is sometimes argued that doing activities outside is more advantageous to a child’s overall growth in comparison to playing games on computers. I completely agree with that argument because of the two following reasons. Firstly, in contrast to computer games, outdoor activities allow children to reach their full physical potential. Regular exercise resulting from ball games or playground activities likely increase appetite and foster the process of metabolism that break down food into minerals and proteins, building more muscles, stronger joints and bones. By contrast, video games tend to encourage a sedentary lifestyle, slowing down both digestion and metabolism. That possibly causes young gamers to suffer from a shortage of essential nutrition and the failure to discharge noxious substances, which is a precursor to malnutrition or frailty. Secondly, playing outsides tends to nurture important mental abilities. For example, it offers kids a chance to stay in touch with nature, observing various objects, shapes and colours in diverse sizes and positions, which would boost children’s spatial visualisation. In addition, children seem more excited to engage in face-to-face conversation with their peers in the open air than via a laptop screen. This kind of talk is scientifically proven to be conducive to the development of verbal communication skills that are crucial for future success at school and beyond. In conclusion, I am of the opinion that outdoor games are superior to computer-based ones in facilitating both body growth and mental capabilities in children. That is why parents should encourage their offspring to spend at least a few hours a day to be at playgrounds instead of lavishing time on computers or game consoles. (Word count: 274 words) 3. 16/01/2021 Question: Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it. Others think students should spend time on important subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Boost career prospects Tăng triển vọng sự nghiệp Foundational knowledge Kiến thức nền, kiến thức căn bản Smoothly transit into a professional working environment Suôn sẻ áp d vào môi trường làm việc chuyên nghiệp Prerequisite (n) Điều kiện tiên quyết Focus diligently on sth Tập trung chuyên sâu vào cái gì A solid understanding of.. Một sự hiểu biết tốt về… Be detrimental to the healthy growth Có hại cho sự phát triển khỏe mạnh Culinary skills Kỹ năng nấu ăn Dietary patterns Chế độ ăn uống Readily available dishes Các món ăn được chuẩn bị sẵn Prioritize traditional school curriculum Ưu tiên chương trình giảng dạy truyền thống Impart a knowledge of sth Truyền đạt kiến thức về cái gì EXAMPLE People have different views concerning the importance of studying food science and cooking at educational institutions. While some argue that students should focus on key subjects that can boost their career prospects, I believe culinary courses are of paramount significance in leading a healthy and independent lifestyle. On the one hand, the core disciplines standard at most schools are imperative for one’s future career. Academic subjects such as math and literature can provide an individual with the foundational knowledge to smoothly transit into a professional working environment. For example, logical thinking acquired during math lessons and critical thinking fostered by literature are prerequisites to nuanced problem-solving skills. Recent research has indicated that the average income of those with the abovementioned competencies is higher than that of unskilled laborers and the general workforce. Therefore, a successful career is a realistic possibility when one focuses diligently on the important subjects at school. On the other hand, possessing a solid understanding of food and cooking can ensure not only general well-being but also serve as a basic survival skill. First and foremost, schoolers often fail to attend to nutrition in their daily meals, which likely leads to unhealthy eating habits. Conditions caused by those occupations such as malnutrition and obesity are detrimental to the healthy growth of the younger generation. Secondly, food preparation is useful for living independently. Students who are proficient with culinary skills will be more capable of adjusting to living on their own. Indeed, food science and cooking could enable them to modify their dietary patterns to live healthier without either readily available dishes at homes or processed foods at convenience stores. In conclusion, while some advocate prioritizing traditional school curriculums based on academic subjects, I believe imparting a knowledge of nutrition and food preparation generates a great sense of independence and develops healthy eating habits for graduates. Thus, courses about food should be added to the school curriculum. (Word count: 319) 4. 02/02/2021 Question: Many people think there is an increase of antisocial behavior and a lack of respect to others. What do you think are the causes of this and how to improve the situation? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Inconsiderate behavior Hành vi thiếu suy nghĩ Work disputes Tranh cãi trong công việc Relationship conflicts Xung đột trong mối quan hệ Prolonged stress Căng thẳng kéo dài Bitterness and frustration Sự khó ở và bực bội Be vented on sb Trút giận lên ai đó Neglect and abuse Bỏ mặc và áp bức Be bestowed upon sb Ban hành, hoặc áp đặt điều gì Viable solution Giải pháp khả thi Lash out at others Đả kích ai đó một cách bất ngờ (bằng lời nói) Guarantee a decency of behaviour Đảm bảo sự đứng đắn trong hành vi Abusive incident Hành vi chửi bới, áp bức Long-term oppression Áp bức trong thời gian dài EXAMPLE It is true that antisocial and disrespectful behavior in society has been on the rise recently. This trend might be attributed to problems in one’s life, but a joint effort by both governments and individuals can reverse the trend. Personal issues and low self-esteem are some of the factors that can contribute greatly to an inconsiderate behaviour. First, personal problems such as work disputes or relationship conflicts could lead to prolonged stress. This potentially provokes bitterness and frustration, which might subsequently be vented on others. In addition, low selfesteem is another cause, which usually stems from family problems or school bullying. In fact, individuals with a history of being neglected by their families or abused by their friends tend to be insecure, unconfident and have little to no self-respect. As a result, they tend to exhibit the same abusive behavior that was once bestowed upon them toward others in order to mask their own insecurities. In spite of the causes mentioned above, there are viable solutions and appropriate adjustments to improve the situation. First, people could set for themselves some conversation standards or develop a rudeness filter to avoid lashing out at others uncontrollably. This strategy could guarantee a certain decency of behavior, as well as making them politer and more respectful. In addition, governments could allocate more resources into childcare programmes, thereby reducing abusive incidents. As a result, children’s self-esteem and confidence would be increased, making them well-mannered members of society. In conclusion, although personal issues and long-term oppression could negatively impact daily attitudes, solutions including better long-term childcare or self-discipline strategies would promote appropriate manners. In my opinion, the situation would be improved greatly within the next 10 years if these ideas were implemented. (Word count: 285) 5. 04/03/2021 Question: Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are the reasons? What could be done to solve this problem? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIÊNG VIỆT Endorse a repetitive course of tedious theoretical lectures Chứng thực một khóa học lặp đi lặp lại các bài giảng lý thuyết tẻ nhạt Rigid adherence to a traditional teaching Tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt cách tiếp cận giảng approach dạy truyền thống Adopt a handset-free classroom policy Áp dụng chính sách lớp học không có thiết bị cầm tay Distraction from social networking applications Mất tập trung do các ứng dụng mạng xã hội Push real-time updates on friends and viral videos Cập nhật trong thời gian thực về bạn bè và các video nổi bật Impose a complete ban of portable devices in classrooms Áp dụng lệnh cấm hoàn toàn các thiết bị di động trong lớp học Block the stream of potential distractions from all online networking sites Chặn luồng có khả năng gây xao nhãng từ tất cả các trang mạng trực tuyến Incorporate factual case studies into the curriculum Kết hợp các nghiên cứu điển hình thực tế vào chương trình giảng dạy Ensure a higher chance of success after graduation Có cơ hội thành công cao hơn sau khi tốt nghiệp Purposefully strive for consistent engagement Cố gắng có chủ đích nhằm lôi kéo sự tham gia thường xuyên Endorse a repetitive course of tedious theoretical lectures Chứng thực một khóa học lặp đi lặp lại các bài giảng lý thuyết tẻ nhạt Rigid adherence to a traditional teaching Tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt cách tiếp cận giảng approach dạy truyền thống Adopt a handset-free classroom policy Áp dụng chính sách lớp học không có thiết bị cầm tay Distraction from social networking applications Mất tập trung do các ứng dụng mạng xã hội EXAMPLE Recently, there has been an alarming trend of students struggling to focus at school. This can be explained by the popularity of social media applications and rigid adherence to a traditional teaching approach, and I believe the resolute actions proposed in this essay offer potential improvements. To begin with, the aforementioned problem has roots in two main factors. The first one is distractions from social networking applications. Facebook and Instagram, for instance, purposefully strive for consistent engagement through positive reinforcement by pushing real-time updates on friends and viral videos that young users often find difficult to ignore during lessons. Another sound explanation is the monotony of classrooms. Many lectures lack relevance to real life, endorsing a repetitive course of tedious theoretical assignments and lectures while failing to motivate the students with varied content. To address the underlying causes, I would propose two solutions. Firstly, schools should impose a complete ban of portable devices in classrooms. All personal handsets could be stored in a secure room, labelled properly to be returned to their owners after class ends. This would effectively block the stream of potential distractions from online networking sites. Secondly, educators should redesign lecture content to be more practical. For example, business schools could work in collaboration with enterprises to incorporate factual case studies and engaging biographical material about entrepreneurs. Once engaged, these students will be more likely to focus more fully on their studies, ensuring higher chances of success after graduation. In conclusion, a great number of students nowadays pay little attention at school due to the advent of social media platforms and lessons largely irrelevant to their needs. However, if schools adopt handset-free classroom policies and modernize the curriculum, students will become more attentive. (Word count: 286) 6. 07/08/2021 Question: Some people think children have the freedom to make mistakes, while other people believe that adults should prevent children from making mistakes. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Foster Nuôi dưỡng Preventive approach Phương pháp ngăn chặn/phòng tránh Expedite sth Đẩy nhanh tiến độ của một việc gì đó Standardised methods Phương pháp tiêu chuẩn hóa Detention Đình chỉ Interfere Can thiệp Accept ownership for sth Nhận trách nhiệm cho một việc gì đó Corrective measures Biện pháp sửa sai/trừng phạt Upstanding person Người đáng kính trọng Cognitive benefit Lợi ích trong nhận thức Off-limits Quá giới hạn EXAMPLE When it comes to parenting, there has been long-standing discourse over whether children should be allowed to make mistakes. While some would argue that parents should not let their children make mistakes, I contend that mistakes are vital to fostering in children a greater sense of responsibility. Adults should take a preventive approach to their children making mistakes if it is aimed at expediting the learning process. An adult can comprehensively instruct a child on how to do a particular task properly, eliminating the need for correction and re-learning. To give an example, children in China are diligently guided by their teachers in solving math problems using standardised methods developed by math professors working for the Ministry of Education. These methods have been proven effective in increasing rates of correct answers, allowing school teachers to move on to the next lesson more speedily. That at least partly explains why Chinese schoolchildren can solve some complex math problems by the end of primary school. However, allowing children to make mistakes is developmentally better as it instills greater personal responsibility. For instance, when a child fails a test in school since he has not revised his lessons thoroughly, that child should face the consequences of his failure which might include low grades and detention. Hence the child learns that he should be better prepared for the next test. Without their parents interfering to prevent failures from happening, children cannot accept ownership of the situation and take corrective measures to address it. As a result, they are likely to become upstanding adults who are accountable for their own behaviours, striving to be their best to solve their own problems. In conclusion, although preventing children from making mistakes can be a valid parenting approach to an extent, I hold firm to my belief that children should be allowed to experience failures to learn meaningful lessons. Thus, parents should be more relaxed with their children whenever they make an error to allow them to better learn and grow. (Word count: 333) 7. 21/08/2021 Question: In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of parents choosing to self-educate their children at home rather than sending them to school. Do the advantages of home education outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT A personalized curriculum Chương trình giảng dạy cá nhân hóa Potential deficiency in social skills Có thể thiếu hụt các kỹ năng xã hội Deprive (sb of sth) Tước đạt (của ai đó một cái gì đó) Tertiary education Giáo dục đại học Centered around sth Tập trung xung quanh một cái gì đó Stronger familial bonds between parents and progeny Mối quan hệ gia đình bền chặt hơn giữa cha mẹ và con cái Inherent disadvantages Nhược điểm vốn có Issue homeschooling diplomas Cấp bằng tốt nghiệp giáo dục tại nhà A case for educational reform Một ví dụ về cải cách giáo dục To administer a graded test Đưa ra một bài kiểm tra Devise a learning plan Lên kế hoạch học tập Advantages of a personalized curriculum Ưu điểm của chương trình giảng dạy cá nhân hóa EXAMPLE Recently, there have been more parents choosing to educate their children at home rather than having them taught at school. While there are clear disadvantages to homeschooling, I think they are largely outweighed by the advantages of a personalized curriculum for the child and the strengthening of bonds between children and their parents. Admittedly, there are clear disadvantages to homeschooling such as potential deficiency in social skills and lack of accreditation. Firstly, children who are taught at home often lack essential social skills. Indeed, they can only interact with their immediate family and not make new friends. This context deprives them of the opportunity to interact with others and thus many children will likely have trouble behaving well in social situations. Secondly, homeschooled children sometimes struggle to attain accredited qualifications to enter tertiary education institutions. As parents are not authorized to issue diplomas like educational ministries, they will have difficulty in applying for university since many institutions such as those in Vietnam only accept diplomas that have been certified by the ministry of education. Thus, homeschooled children will likely have more limited opportunities to pursue tertiary education and build a successful career. However, the advantages of homeschooling such as a personalized curriculum and stronger bonds between parents and their children cannot be ignored. Firstly, parents can construct a personalized curriculum that suits the needs and strengths of their children. For example, there were media reports recently about a homeschooled child from Japan who was able to solve complex calculus equations in under 30 seconds as the curriculum his parents had devised was centered around developing his math skills. Secondly, parents can forge a stronger bond with their children while teaching. Personally, teaching their children can allow parents to engage in meaningful learning activities and spend more time with their children, as opposed to the few hours they have in the evening if their children are sent to school. Consequently, they can be more understanding and patient with their child, strengthening the familial relationship between parents and offspring. In conclusion, I contend that the advantages of a personalized curriculum and stronger familial bonds between parents and their progeny outweigh any perceived disadvantages inherent in homeschooling. It is advisable that the government implement policies that grant parents the authority to issue homeschooling diplomas that can be accepted by universities and colleges alike. (Word count: 390) 8. 13/11/2021 Question: Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Ease parents of their parental duty Giảm bớt trách nhiệm cha mẹ của các phụ huynh To resort to sth Đành làm một việc gì đó May be compelled to do sth Có thể bị bắt buộc làm một việc gì đó Send their brood/children to kindergartens and childcare centers Gửi con cái đến các trường mẫu giáo và trung tâm chăm sóc trẻ em To outsource their child-rearing obligations to others Thuê người khác chăm con hộ Postponing/delaying children’s education Lùi/hoãn việc giáo dục của con cái Might entail better development Kéo theo sự phát triển tốt hơn The sufficient physical and mental capacity Đủ năng lực thể chất và tinh thần The initial stages of their lives Các giai đoạn đầu trong đời Be buried in their studies Vùi đầu trong học tập Play-based programs Chương trình vui chơi EXAMPLE It has been argued by some that children should start learning formally by the time they become toddlers, but others state they should wait until they turn 7. While starting formal education early can help ease parental duties, I would assert that it is more preferable to delay formal schooling until children reach 7 years of age as it is less stressful for them especially during the pivotal stages of early childhood. In most nations today, parents must resort to sending children to school early in order to have more time for work. A key reason is that with growing workloads and increasing living costs, they may be compelled to send their children to kindergartens and childcare centers, which can in turn afford them more time for work. In the US, more than half of children aged 5 and below are enrolled in either a kindergarten or a childcare center with the majority of them having at least one employed parent. This is mainly due to parents wanting to devote more time toward their careers, thus forcing them to outsource their child-rearing obligations to others. However, postponing education until the age of 7 might engender better overall development. This can be attributed to the fact that academic study during children’s early years can lead to unwanted stress. Many young children are cognitively and emotionally unable to handle the often burdensome schoolwork and rules at schools. Hence, this practice is not necessarily ideal for those in the initial stages of their lives, who should be encouraged to enjoy their childhood rather than be over-burdened in their studies. In some Nordic countries, children do not start their formal education until they reach 8 years of age, with much of their early childhood education defined by playbased programs that emphasise fun and social skills. This has resulted in those countries boasting some of the best performing students in the world, often ranking highly in most educational surveys. In conclusion, although sending children to school early can relieve parents of the burdensome pressure of parenthood, I contend that delaying their education until they turn 7 is more preferable since it reduces stress during their early years. Ultimately, national school boards should offer the option for parents wanting to wait until their offspring reach 7 years of age. (Word count: 383) 9. 04/12/2021 Question: Some people think that schools should select students according to their academic abilities, while others believe that it is better to have students with different abilities studying together. Discuss both views and state your own opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT To segregate sth Tách biệt một cái gì đó More specialized and efficient lessons Các bài học chuyên sâu và hiệu quả hơn Students of varying aptitudes Học sinh có năng khiếu khác nhau Plan and execute correctly paced lessons Lập kế hoạch và dạy các bài học theo nhịp độ chính xác Well-versed in a particular skill Thông thạo một kỹ năng cụ thể To overcome stage fright Để vượt qua nỗi sợ sân khấu Become more well-rounded Trở nên toàn diện hơn Specialized learning environment Môi trường học tập chuyên sâu Comprehensive learning experience Trải nghiệm học tập toàn diện Implementation of mixed-ability classes Xây dựng các lớp với học sinh có khả năng đa dạng Holistic educational setting Môi trường giáo dục toàn diện EXAMPLE The question as to whether or not schools should admit students based on their natural skill-set has sparked intense debate recently. While segregating students on the basis of their abilities can facilitate more specialized and efficient lessons, I would assert that integrating students of varying aptitudes engenders a more complete learning environment. It is understandable why some would advocate for admitting students based on their abilities. The chief reason is that when students are assigned to a class based on skill level, teachers can plan and execute correctly paced lessons. For instance, in the International Baccalaureate Diploma program, core subjects are split into Standard Level and Higher Level classes. Students who are in the Higher Level classes take lessons featuring more advanced material and topics, whereas those in Standard Level classes face less demanding topics and assignments. This separation allows them to study at their own speed, improving the progress for weaker and stronger students as the former will be able to take their time to learn and the latter group can proceed more rapidly. However, students of differing skill sets can help each other to learn when they are together in a single class. Students who are well-versed in a particular skill can share important techniques and experience in how to master that skill with classmates who may be weaker. To give a hypothetical example, a student who is proficient at delivering presentations can share valuable tips to others who are less competent in doing them such as taking deep breaths to overcome their stage fright or using hand gestures to emphasize key points. There is also a strong likelihood the student who was helped will have other strengths, such as in a more logical subject like mathematics, and be able to help other classmates in turn. Consequently, students can learn from one another in this setting and become more well-rounded. In conclusion, while selecting students based on their abilities can offer a more specialized learning environment, I contend that grouping students of varying skills and strengths can provide them a more comprehensive learning experience. I would suggest that schools should encourage the implementation of mixed-ability classes to create a more holistic educational setting. (Word count: 365) 10. 08/01/2022 Question: Some people could be naturally good leaders. Others believe that people can learn leadership skills. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIÊNG VIỆT Innate trait Phẩm chất bẩm sinh Extensive training Rèn luyện chuyên sâu Sth can come naturally to people Thứ gì đó mà một người có một cách tự nhiên Strategic intelligence Tư duy chiến lược Long lineage of successful leaders Dòng dõi lâu đời của các nhà lãnh đạo thành công To preside over sth Nắm quyền Tenacious Bền bỉ Forward-thinking strategies Chiến lược tiến tới A disciplined environment Một môi trường quy củ Rise up the ranks Leo chức Administer leadership programs Thực hiện chương trình đào tạo lãnh đạo A structured environment Một môi trường có hệ thống Tactical acumen Nhạy bén chiến lược EXAMPLE A debate has been growing recently over whether leadership is an innate trait or a skill that is acquired through learning. In my estimation, being a leader is a skill that can be learned through extensive training. Firstly, it is reasonable to assume that leadership is sometimes innate. Individuals can be born with certain qualities that are predictive of a good leader such as bravery, strategic intelligence and self-confidence. These traits can be passed down along a long lineage of successful leaders from one generation to the next. This is evident in how Henry Ford II presided over the Ford Motor Company after his father did. Like his father, he was both tenacious and intelligent in guiding the company to long-term success by pursuing aggressive and forward-thinking strategies in innovating Ford’s automotive technology. Thus, it is understandable why some would contend leadership can be acquired inherently. However, a more persuasive case can be made for leadership as a learned quality. Individuals can become leaders in a disciplined environment through the process of training, practice and hands-on experience over time. For instance, numerous reputed educational institutions throughout the world administer leadership programs for those wanting to gain the required skill set to become effective leaders. Within those programs there are courses intended to cover the necessary aspects of leadership such as management, problem solving, implementation of strategy and decision making. In addition, some of these programs include practical experience, where protégés can learn from current leaders about what it takes to take charge. To conclude, while it is fair to assume that some are born with the qualities of a good leader, I would assert that leadership skills can be gained through education and experience in a structured environment. (Word count: 288) 11. 19/3/2022 Question: Some people believe that schools should teach foreign languages for primary school children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Burdensome volume Khối lượng nặng nề A hectic curriculum Một chương trình giảng dạy bận rộn National curriculum Chương trình giảng dạy quốc gia To be met with backlash Gặp phải phản ứng dữ dội Already encumbered Đã bị cản trở sẵn New and diverse cultures Nền văn hóa mới và đa dạng A defining characteristic of sth Một đặc điểm đặc biệt của một thứ gì đó Developing primary students’ cognitive abilities Phát triển năng lực nhận thức của học sinh tiểu học Complex patterns Các mẫu phức tạp Critical thinking skills Kỹ năng tư duy phản biện Cumbersome Cồng kềnh Cognitive skills Kỹ năng nhận thức EXAMPLE It is argued that primary school students should learn foreign languages as part of the curriculum. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of doing this and why the merits prevail over the drawbacks. To begin with, there is a considerable disadvantage to teaching foreign languages to primary school students. The main one is it adds to their already burdensome volume of schoolwork. Since these primary school students are often subjected to a hectic curriculum with mounting homework and in-class assignments, the addition of a foreign language may make it even more difficult for students to study effectively. For example, the Japanese Ministry of Education recently attempted to incorporate English into the national curriculum for elementary students. However, it was met with backlash from parents as they complained that their children are already encumbered with a heavy workload from other core subjects. However, there are some major advantages a primary school student can gain in learning foreign languages. First, they can be exposed to new and diverse cultures. As language is a defining characteristic of a nation’s culture, students can subsequently acquire a greater understanding of how people of that nation typically communicate with each other and by extension how their society functions culturally. Second, learning a foreign language can assist in developing primary students’ cognitive abilities. In doing this, they will learn how to recognize complex patterns and use critical thinking skills to make sense of the new knowledge they are acquiring. Hence, such skills are beneficial for a child’s education as they serve to expand the thinking abilities of the brain. In conclusion, while learning a language can add to the already cumbersome amount of schoolwork, I assert that it is more advantageous for primary schools to teach their students foreign languages as they can serve to expand their knowledge about new foreign cultures and they help sharpen their cognitive skills. (Word count: 314) 12. 09/04/2022 Question: Although there is a lot of translation software available, learning a language could still be advantageous. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Gain a more profound insight into Có được cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về Acquire a language Tiếp thu, học một ngôn ngữ Be proficient in Thành thạo trong… Mutual misunderstandings and cultural shock Sự hiểu lầm lẫn nhau và sốc văn hóa Better adapt to a new environment Thích nghi tốt hơn với môi trường mới Language acquisition Sự tiếp thu ngôn ngữ Forge a stronger bond Gây dựng một liên kết bền chặt hơn Form deeper relationships Hình thành các mối quan hệ sâu sắc hơn Facilitate their understanding of Tăng cường hiểu biết về… An enlivening and memorable traveling experience Một trải nghiệm du lịch vui vẻ và đáng nhớ EXAMPLE It is beneficial for people to learn a language rather than rely heavily on translation programs. I totally agree with this notion as it engenders a deeper understanding of cultures and enhances conversations. The first reason why people should learn a language is that they will gain a more profound insight into foreign cultures. As they acquire a language, they can truly understand local customs and traditions by reading original literary works or watching documentaries. For example, a Vietnamese student who is proficient in Hindi, one of the official languages in India, would know that head shaking in India does not mean no and the gesture for yes looks like a no in other cultures. As a result, mutual misunderstandings and cultural shock are more likely to be avoided, allowing them to better adapt to a new environment. The second reason for my agreement is that language acquisition enables people to have more effective communication. They can feel more confident when entering a conversation in a foreign language, facilitating their understanding of how a sentence is structured or how a new word is applied in the right context. To illustrate, a tourist proficient in French tends to more actively interact with local people during his vacation in France, forging a stronger bond among them. As a result, this will bring an enlivening and memorable traveling experience. These benefits cannot be provided by using translation software as it will be a cold personal interaction. In conclusion, I strongly believe language translation platforms cannot replace the need to learn a new language as it fosters a process of cultural exchange and improves speakers’ communication in certain situations. Therefore, people should consider learning a language and not just rely on translation software. (Word count: 289) 13. 23/4/2022 Question: Young people learn good behavior more from movies and books than real-life experiences. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Shape behaviors Định hình hành vi Hands-on experiences Những trải nghiệm thực tế Idealized or exaggerated Lý tưởng hóa hoặc phóng đại Possess a set of behaviors Sở hữu một tập hợp các hành vi Have dire consequences Có hậu quả nghiêm trọng A combination of senses Sự kết hợp của các giác quan First-hand experiences Những trải nghiệm đầu tiên, trực tiếp trải nghiệm Learning through experience Học hỏi thông qua trải nghiệm Control behavior and attitudes Kiểm soát hành vi và thái độ Optimize the experiences Tối ưu hóa trải nghiệm EXAMPLE It is argued that films and books are a better approach for the young to shape their behaviors than learning them on their own. I completely disagree with this idea since movies and books often focus on extreme characters and learning through hands-on experiences is more impactful. To begin with, films and books are not a superior way for young people to learn good behaviors as there are many negative role models in most of them. To be more specific, characters in such forms are usually idealized or exaggerated to appeal to audiences; therefore, they often possess a set of behaviors that are regarded as immoral and violent in reality. For example, the image of the Joker in the movie with the same name is cruel and aggressive but admired by numerous young people in the world since he is considered to be a hero in some ways. As a result, many tend to imitate his actions in real life without realizing that these are wrong and have dire consequences. Another reason why I disagree is that people have a stronger emotional reaction to real experiences which means they learn more from them. First, they can remember what they gained more vividly. In fact, if they behave badly and are criticized by others, they could realize that their actions are totally wrong and annoy others to a significant extent; thus, they are more likely to avoid making the same mistakes in the future. It is also scientifically proven that knowledge is stored for a longer period of time if people experience it on their own due to a combination of senses. Furthermore, first-hand experiences enable young people to decide which behaviors suit them the most. This is because they will be learning behavior in areas that they need whereas books and movies might be showing behavior in contexts that are not relevant to them. In conclusion, I completely disagree with the idea that movies and books instill good behaviors in young people since characters are often presented with violent behaviors, and learning through experience is more effective to control behavior and attitudes as they can be better stored and are more suitable for each individual. Therefore, parents should try to optimize the experiences that their children have so that they can develop into moral citizens. (Word count: 385) 14. 11/08/2022 Question: Many people believe that good planning is the key factor to success in life, while others believe that other factors like hard work or luck are important. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Fulfill singular aims Hoàn thành các mục tiêu riêng lẻ Persevere with Kiên trì với Predict foreseeable scenarios Dự đoán các tình huống trong tương lai Minimize potential risks Giảm thiểu rủi ro tiềm ẩn Take advantage of opportunities Tận dụng cơ hội Have opportune chances to develop Có cơ hội thích hợp để phát triển Surprise visit Chuyến thăm bất ngờ Have a more tangible effect on Có ảnh hưởng rõ ràng hơn đến Seize the opportunity Nắm lấy cơ hội Fulfill singular aims Hoàn thành các mục tiêu riêng lẻ EXAMPLE There are those who take the stand that successful people result from them making effective plans, while others argue that other elements such as diligence and fortune are more vital. This essay will discuss both perspectives and the reasons why I favor the former. On the one hand, proponents believe planning skills are the main contributor to one’s success. The first benefit is that they enable people to achieve their goals. This is because they would plan out specific steps to follow so as to fulfill singular aims and then see the bigger picture of the procedure. In other words, plans remind them to make greater efforts and persevere with what they are doing. Furthermore, planning allows people to make timely adjustments in the future. More specifically, they could predict foreseeable scenarios, thus they are more likely to minimize potential risks and take advantage of opportunities to thrive in their career paths. On the other hand, opponents consider other criteria are pivotal to success in many aspects of life. The foremost one is being assiduous. This quality ensures people pay attention to their work and pursue their passions without giving up, hence they are more likely to gain their own success. Another element is being fortunate in having opportune chances to develop. For instance, Bun Cha Huong Lien restaurant in Hanoi became instantly famous after the surprise visit of U.S president Obama in 2016 since diners from all corners of Vietnam wanted to come to this restaurant and try the same staples as he did. In conclusion, both sides of the argument have their own merits. However, my personal view is that other factors including being industrious and lucky can have a more tangible effect on each individual’s success. This is because they would persevere in what they are doing and seize the opportunity to become successful. (Word count: 307) 15. 19/11/2022 Question: Some people think history has nothing or little to tell us, but others think that studying the past history can help us better understand the present. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Facilitate people’s understanding Nâng cao hiểu biết của mọi người Contemporary times Thời đương đại, hiện tại Explore the roots of current problems Khám phá gốc rễ của các vấn đề hiện tại Deformity rate Tỷ lệ biến dạng The dumping of Agent Orange Sự rải chất độc màu da cam Dioxin Độc tố Bring no practical value Không mang lại giá trị thực tiễn Bears little resemblance to Ít liên quan tới Benefit their job prospects Có lợi cho triển vọng công việc của họ Enhance their career path Nâng cao con đường sự nghiệp của họ EXAMPLE Some believe that history fails to facilitate people’s understanding, while opponents argue that acquiring historical knowledge can aid in informing individuals about contemporary times. This essay will elaborate on both sides and the reasons why I am in favour of the former. On the one hand, gaining insight into past events can be beneficial for individuals to have a better understanding of the contemporary world because they can explore the roots of current problems. As a result, severe consequences and potential damage can be prevented from happening. To illustrate, by studying their country’s history, Vietnamese people can understand that the main reason behind the high deformity rate in some central provinces in Vietnam is the dumping of Agent Orange used by Americans in the Vietnam War (1954-1975). Thus, those suffering from this dioxin are discouraged from having children to avoid the spread of health problems and the number of disabled people induced by it. On the other hand, the notion that learning history is pointless is sound for two reasons. The first is that it can be irrelevant to modern life. More specifically, historical events often bring no practical value to people’s present life. In other words, people may find it hard to apply what they obtain from history lessons into practice because society today bears little resemblance to the past. Another justification is that students prefer learning subjects that benefit their job prospects instead of allocating a large amount of time to researching history and remembering historical dates and facts. For instance, most Vietnamese high school students confess that they are reluctant to opt for history in the school curriculum because they cannot utilize knowledge about historical events and figures in their personal lives and future careers. In conclusion, both perspectives have their own justifications. However, I advocate the view that knowing more about the past fails to inform people about the present life since history mostly bears little relevance to modern life and brings no value to enhancing their career path. It is advisable that schools should prioritize other subjects that facilitate students’ future jobs. 16. 22/12/2022 Question: Some people believe that governments should pay full course fees for students who want to study in universities. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Tertiary education Giáo dục đại học Further education Less well-off individuals Cá nhân ít khá giả hơn Reduce socioeconomic inequality Giảm sự bất bình đẳng kinh tế xã hội Put pressure on the state budget Gây sức ép lên ngân sách nhà nước Bear the tuition fees Chịu học phí Subsidize tuition fees Trợ cấp học phí Financial burden Gánh nặng tài chính Bridge the gap Thu hẹp khoảng cách Families from disadvantaged backgrounds Gia đình có hoàn cảnh khó khăn Better-endowed families Gia đình khá giả Budget deficit Sự thâm hụt, thiếu ngân sách EXAMPLE It is argued that tuition fees for all students who desire to pursue tertiary education ought to be shouldered by the state. I mostly agree with this notion since it can provide better chances for such education for less well-off individuals and reduce socioeconomic inequality; although it can put pressure on the state budget. The first justification why I agree that the government should bear the tuition fees for university students is that they can be offered equal opportunities for pursuing further education. More specifically, those who live under the poverty line could afford courses at university without worrying about their financial burden. To illustrate, without being financially supported by the state, most students from remote areas in Vietnam such as Ha Giang Province cannot afford university tuition fees and instead opt to do farming work, losing their chance to acquire a bachelor degree which can be beneficial to their future careers. Another reason for my agreement is that this practice can bridge the gap between different classes in society. This is because families from disadvantaged backgrounds can avoid making sacrifices to save for their children’s education and allocate their budgets to other key matters such as healthcare and entertainment, enabling them to access the same facilities and services as those from better-endowed families. As a result, the socioeconomic gap between individuals and families would likely be lessened, paying the way to an equal community. However, subsidizing tuition fees for all students can trigger monetary burdens on the government. To be more specific, this requires greater spending allocation to education, potentially leading to a budget deficit for other key sectors such as national defense and commerce. In conclusion, while I admit that fully subsidizing college tuition can pose a pressure on the state budget, I am mostly of the opinion that it is beneficial due to the provision of equal chances for education for future generations and the reduced gap between social classes. It is advisable that the government should give priority to those from families with lower incomes to reduce budget pressure. (Word count: 343) 17. 28/01/2023 Question: Nowadays, not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. Why? What will be effects on society? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Tertiary education Giáo dục đại học Science-related sectors Các ngành liên quan đến khoa học Foster their problem-solving skills Thúc đẩy kỹ năng giải quyết vấn đề của họ Solve complex scientific problems Giải quyết các vấn đề khoa học phức tạp Seek higher-paying jobs Kiếm việc làm lương cao hơn Meager earnings Thu nhập ít ỏi The lack of experts in science jobs Thiếu các chuyên gia trong công việc khoa học A scarcity of qualified employees Sự khan hiếm nhân viên có trình độ Make significant findings Đưa ra những phát hiện quan trọng Lower earnings Thu nhập thấp hơn EXAMPLE It is observed that the number of students opting for science as a major in tertiary education is lacking in many parts of the world. This propensity is attributed to the complex nature of this subject and lower incomes of science graduates. However, this can prompt the shortage of employees in science-related sectors and the lack of inventions. There are two main driving factors behind the tendency of university students to neglect science subjects. Chief of these is their complexity. More specifically, learners have to remember numerous formulae and accumulate a substantial amount of knowledge in different areas. Additionally, they need to form and foster their problem-solving skills to be able to solve complex scientific problems. Another justification for the decreasing popularity of science is that other majors enable students to seek higher-paying jobs in the future. For instance, Vietnamese whose majors include business and social services can gain more lucrative incomes, compared to the meager earnings of scientists. Nevertheless, a shortage of learners in scientific fields can adversely affect society in a number of ways. The first one is that it can lead to the lack of experts in science jobs. More specifically, as fewer students pursue science as a major at university, there is a decrease in the number of employees who work in roles such as scientists and biologists. For instance, there is a scarcity of qualified employees in several Vietnamese tech firms induced by the preference of following other majors such as marketing or IT among college students, adversely affecting the economy. Coupled with this, this can trigger a decline in innovations globally. This is because the lack of scientists and researchers does not allow scientific institutions to invent new things or make significant findings, posing a threat to the development of new technologies, medicines and others that improve the standard of living in society. In conclusion, being challenging to acquire and providing lower earnings for learners are two main factors why science is less preferred by students. The consequences of this tendency range from the lack of human resources in scientific fields to the shortage of innovations, both of which lead to economic and developmental stagnation for society. It is advisable that governments should provide financial support for science learners through scholarship programs to attract more individuals to pursue this subject. (Word count: 386) 18. 04/03/2023 Question: Some students choose to take a gap year after graduating high school to work and/or travel. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Gain work experience Tích lũy kinh nghiệm làm việc Academic progress Tiến độ học tập The accumulation of life experience Sự tích lũy kinh nghiệm sống A high earning potential Tiềm năng thu nhập cao Embarking on their formal university education Bắt đầu giáo dục đại học chính thức của họ College coursework Khóa học đại học Acquire deeper insight into new cultures Có được cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về các nền văn hóa mới Exposure to different ways of living Tiếp xúc với những cách sống khác nhau Have a broader perspective Có tầm nhìn rộng hơn Competencies Kĩ năng EXAMPLE A number of pupils have a tendency to take a year off to gain work experience or travel after they graduate from high school. Although this propensity can trigger drawbacks such as the detrimental impacts on students’ academic progress, I consider its benefits including the accumulation of life experience and the development of new skills are more significant. On the one hand, taking a year off can be detrimental to students since their academic development can be adversely affected. This is because they start their university education a year behind their peers causing a delay in acquiring their bachelor’s degree. This can hinder them from future career opportunities and a high earning potential. Additionally, taking a brief time to work or travel before embarking on their formal university education can engender the loss of momentum. More specifically, some students may find it difficult to return to academic studies and struggle to adjust to the pace of college coursework afterwards. On the other hand, having a break between high school and university can bring two benefits. Most noticeably, it can provide students with the opportunity to gain life experience. To be more specific, they can acquire deeper insight into new cultures and exposure to different ways of living and thinking by travelling. Consequently, they are more likely to have a broader perspective and better understand themselves and the world around them, becoming more well-rounded individuals. Furthermore, they can learn new skills by working. In other words, their communication skills, time management and problem-solving skills are often strengthened by cooperating with others to fulfil tasks at work. These competencies can be beneficial in preparing for college and future careers. In conclusion, the inclination to work and travel for a year after high school in lieu of going directly to college can have negative impacts on students’ academic development. However, I consider it is more beneficial since it can enhance their life experiences and enables them to learn crucial skills. It is advisable that high school graduates should take time to experience the real world by travelling or working. (Word count: 346) 19. 18/03/2023 Question: The increasing use of computers and mobile phones has had a negative effect on young people’s reading and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Literacy skills Kỹ năng đọc viết Overreliance on digital devices Phụ thuộc quá nhiều vào các thiết bị kỹ thuật số Specialized tools Dụng cụ chuyên dụng Word processing and writing applications Các ứng dụng xử lý văn bản và viết Spell-check and grammar correction Kiểm tra chính tả và sửa lỗi ngữ pháp A writing assistant app Một ứng dụng hỗ trợ viết The accuracy and readability of their writing Độ chính xác và dễ đọc của văn bản của họ A vast array of written sources Nhiều nguồn văn bản Gain a deeper insight into Có được một cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về Autocorrect functions Chức năng tự động sửa lỗi EXAMPLE It is observed that the tendency of the young to utilize computers and smartphones exerts an adverse impact on their literacy skills. I mostly disagree with this notion since it provides useful tools and access to a wide range of materials although it can give rise to their overreliance on digital devices. The first justification for my disagreement is that digital devices enable youth to utilize specialized tools to improve their writing skills. This is because many word processing and writing applications available on computers and mobile phones offer features such as spell-check and grammar correction, which can help young people enhance the quality of their essays and reports. For instance, Grammarly, a writing assistant app, helps users to identify and correct errors in their writing as well as provide suggestions for sentence structure, vocabulary choice and tone improving the accuracy and readability of their writing. Another reason is that youngsters can easily access diverse reading materials. More specifically, the internet offers a vast array of written sources, including news articles, blogs and online books. This can provide young people with access to diverse writing styles, genres and perspectives, which can help improve their literacy skills. To illustrate, besides their textbooks, young students can also read e-books and online news on their computer to gain a deeper insight into gender equality, thus they can write more convincing essays on this issue. However, the over-dependence on technological devices can detrimentally affect young people’s literacy skills to some degree. With the prevalence of autocorrect functions on computers and mobile phones, young people may not be as motivated to learn the correct spelling and grammar. As a result, they may become overly reliant on these functions, leading to weaker confidence in their writing skills. In conclusion, I somewhat maintain that young people's literacy skills can be significantly boosted by the universal use of computers and mobile phones due to the prevalence of helpful tools and a variety of materials, though this can lead to them becoming overdependent on electronic devices which can stunt their learning. It is advisable that the young should use these devices on a regular basis but regulate the amount of time using them to increase their writing and reading expertise. (Word count: 371) 20. 08/04/2023 Question: Some people believe teenagers should focus on all subjects equally, whereas other people think that they should concentrate on only those subjects that they find interesting and they are best at. Discuss both views and give your opinion? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Develop a passion for learning Phát triển niềm đam mê học tập Explore in-depth knowledge Khám phá kiến thức chuyên sâu A negative mindset Một suy nghĩ tiêu cực Reach their full potential Đạt được tiềm năng đầy đủ của họ Achieve better learning outcomes Đạt kết quả học tập tốt hơn Identify their career interests Xác định sở thích nghề nghiệp của họ Areas of expertise Lĩnh vực chuyên môn Devoting equal focus to Dành sự tập trung bằng nhau cho Well-rounded education Sự giáo dục toàn diện A broad knowledge base Một nền tảng kiến thức rộng Tackle real-life difficulties Giải quyết những khó khăn trong cuộc sống thực Place emphasis on Nhấn mạnh vào EXAMPLE Some assert that adolescents should prioritise all disciplines equally, while others state that they should focus on subjects they are interested in and excel at. This essay will elaborate on both perspectives and the reasons why I lean towards the former. On the one hand, paying attention to their favourite subjects can be beneficial to students to some extent. The first reason is that it can develop a passion for learning. More specifically, they are motivated to explore in-depth knowledge about the subject in lieu of being unsatisfied if they are forced to learn something they are not keen on. A student who struggles with maths might become frustrated when attempting the assigned homework, and therefore approach other disciplines with a negative mindset, reducing their potential and outcomes in all parts of the curriculum. Therefore, enabling students to study their favourite disciples can act as a motive for them to reach their full potential and achieve better learning outcomes. Furthermore, this practice potentially helps adolescents identify their career interests. This is because they are more likely to realise their aptitude for certain areas of expertise, encouraging them to pursue a job related to their favourite subject in the future. On the other hand, opponents consider devoting equal focus to all subjects is wiser due to several reasons. Chief of these is that this approach provides a well-rounded education. By learning a variety of subjects, teenagers can develop a broad knowledge base and a range of skills, facilitating comprehensive development. To illustrate, logical thinking acquired during maths lessons and critical thinking fostered by literature are prerequisites to fostering nuanced problem-solving skills, allowing them to better tackle real-life difficulties they encounter. Another appealing justification is that studying different subjects can help students identify their strengths and weaknesses. Thus, they can develop critical thinking skills, promote their advantages and improve on their disadvantages to become better versions of themselves. In conclusion, although both viewpoints are justifiable, I contend that it is more crucial to place emphasis on all subjects for comprehensive education and self-improvement. It is advisable that teenagers should plan to allocate their time to different disciplines equally to become knowledgeable, well-rounded individuals. (Word count: 361) 21. 15/04/2023 Question: It is the responsibility of schools to teach good behaviour in addition to providing formal education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Demeanour Thái độ Traditional academic learning Học tập truyền thống Interpersonal skills Kỹ năng giao tiếp Instill these values in sb Truyền đạt những giá trị này cho ai Foster empathy and understanding towards others Thúc đẩy sự đồng cảm và hiểu biết đối với người khác Codes of behaviours Quy tắc ứng xử Representative of society Đại diện của xã hội Handle conflicts Xử lý xung đột Resolve differences Giải quyết sự khác biệt Devise a way Nghĩ ra một cách Onus Trách nhiệm Shape a child's conduct Hình thành hành vi của một đứa trẻ EXAMPLE It is argued that schools should be accountable for teaching good demeanour alongside the provision of traditional academic learning. I mostly agree with this notion since schools are an effective environment for children to develop their behaviours and improve their interpersonal skills, although parents should also play a crucial role in the moral development of their offspring. The first justification for my argument is that schools can potentially train students to become better individuals in society. This is because educational facilities often encourage positive behaviour by promoting values such as honesty, respect, kindness, and responsibility. By instilling these values in students through lessons, schools can help students foster empathy and understanding towards others. For instance, as moral lessons about being polite and respectful are delivered, pupils can acknowledge the importance of these codes of behaviours and tend to exhibit them in real life, becoming well-behaved individuals. Another appealing reason is that schools can enable students to enhance their social skills. More specifically, by attending schools, which are considered representative of society, students can learn how to handle conflicts, resolve differences, and communicate effectively. These skills are crucial in their later lives, both personal and professional. To illustrate, those who misunderstand each other at school can devise a way to work together in team assignments and learn how to cherish their differences and value contradicting opinions. Consequently, they may gradually improve their communication skills. However, the responsibility of teaching good behaviour cannot solely be the schools' onus since parents also play a crucial role in shaping a child's conduct. To be more specific, parents can become a good role model for their offspring to follow by behaving decently. To exemplify, they should speak politely, listen attentively, and avoid using abusive language or derogatory terms in order to set a good example to their children. In conclusion, I maintain that schools should instill positive conduct in students as well as offer formal education due to their more conducive environment and ability to boost social skills; however, parental roles in this regard are also significant. It is advisable that parents and schools should work together in promoting positive values and imparting good manners in children. (Word count: 362) TOPIC 2: WORK QUESTION LIST 1. 20/03/2021 Question: Many people are working longer and longer hours. What are the reasons and effects? 2. 31/07/2021 Question: Many young people change their jobs and careers. What are the reasons for this? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 3. 15/01/2022 Question: Some think that people should not change their jobs while others think they should because it brings advantages for both themselves and their employers. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 4. 12/3/2022 Question: Fewer young people do farming work in rural areas. Why? Should young people be encouraged to do farming work? 5. 26/3/2022 Question: Today people live away from their friends and family to find a job in other cities. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 6. 23/07/2022 Question: Many people find it hard to balance their work with other parts of their lives. What are the reasons for this? How can this problem be overcome? 7. 06/08/2022 Question: There are several factors that motivate people to stay in the workforce. Among them, money is the most important factor. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 20/03/2021 Question: Many people are working longer and longer hours. What are the reasons and effects? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Excessive workloads Khối lượng công việc quá lớn Stem from increasing demand in the workplace Xuất phát từ nhu cầu ngày càng tăng tại nơi làm việc Assume a high volume of work Đảm nhận khối lượng công việc lớn Lack of sufficient rest Thiếu sự nghỉ ngơi đầy đủ Spinal injuries Chấn thương cột sống Arthritis Viêm khớp Increased risk of strokes Tăng nguy cơ đột quỵ Weaken bonds between family members Làm suy yếu mối quan hệ giữa các thành viên trong gia đình A feeling of general dissatisfaction in individuals Cảm giác không hài lòng chung ở các cá nhân Become a catalyst for stress and depression Trở thành chất xúc tác cho căng thẳng và trầm cảm Lead a healthy and balanced life Sống một cuộc sống lành mạnh và cân bằng Weekly overtime standards for corporations Tiêu chuẩn làm thêm giờ hàng tuần cho các công ty EXAMPLE Working longer hours is a growing tendency in society nowadays. The primary cause of this change is excessive workloads and the effects on one’s health and quality of life are decidedly detrimental. The need to work additional hours often stems from increasing demand in the workplace. To keep up with competition in an increasingly globalised marketplace, employees are expected to assume a high volume of work, often with inadequate staff levels and support. This has resulted in employees having to work extra hours to compensate, which is exemplified clearly in IT-related sectors. A program developer in Vietnam generally spends an average of 10 hours at work per day integrating complicated software systems, which would not be necessary if he was accompanied by a colleague. Extra office hours can adversely affect workers’ health, as well as their personal lives. However, working overtime can be detrimental for two reasons. Chief of these is that it lead to a lack of sufficient rest, decrease in energy and eventually health conditions in extreme cases. This is illustrated in research conducted in Japanese white-collars workers, who have to sit in their offices for up to 14 hours, resulting in spinal injuries, arthritis and increased risk of strokes. In addition, as more time is spent at work, workers necessarily have less time for their loved ones, which can weaken bonds between family members and friends. As a result, this can generate a feeling of general dissatisfaction in individuals, potentially becoming a catalyst for stress and depression in the long run. In conclusion, extended working hours are associated with increasing demands in the workplace, preventing employees from leading a healthy and balanced life. Therefore, I believe governments should enact laws that impose weekly overtime standards for corporations. (Words count: 282) 2. 31/07/2021 Question: Many young people change their jobs and careers. What are the reasons for this? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Alternating between occupations Nhảy việc Expansive skill set Bộ kĩ năng rộng/lớn Impair sth Suy yếu một cái gì đó Career path Con đường sự nghiệp Diverse skill set Bộ kĩ năng đa dạng Knowledge base Kiến thức cơ bản Entail Kéo theo Hold a prejudice against Giữ định kiến Job hopper Người nhảy việc Prospective employee Nhân viên tiềm năng Devote Cống hiến Hinder a person’s career Cản trở cơ hội nghề nghiệp Corporate ladder Bậc/nấc thang nghề nghiệp Take the plunge Làm điều gì đó mạo hiểm, liều lĩnh EXAMPLE In recent years, those just entering the workforce have been alternating between occupations more frequently. Whether this practice has been beneficial to workers or not has been a subject of fierce debate. While some believe that changing jobs equips young people with a more expansive skill set, I contend that it is more likely to impair one’s career due to a hesitation on the part of companies to hire employees who change jobs constantly. One major reason behind the rise of this phenomenon is that young people are still seeking their passions. As many are unclear about their career path, they try out jobs to discover what they would enjoy pursuing professionally. If they are dissatisfied with a given position, young people will find another job that better suits them. The other key reason is young people want to be equipped with a diverse skill set. As different jobs utilize different knowledge bases, young people often find it advantageous to acquire a wide-ranging variety of professional skills. Therefore, in the future when a new job is offered to them, youths will be better prepared for the work entailed in this position. However, this phenomenon has negative effects on workers as companies are reluctant to hire for uncertainty. Employers often hold a prejudice against those who frequently alternate between occupations as they think a person who does so will not be able to contribute to their company long-term. To cite an example, according to a survey conducted by Forbes in 2011, 70% of American employers would reject hiring so-called “job hoppers” on the basis that they want prospective employees to devote themselves to a company in the long run. These employers have also expressed that if someone cannot promise to remain loyal to their company, then it would be counterproductive to hire and commit resources to them. Based on this study, it is justifiable to claim that constantly changing jobs can hinder a person’s career. In conclusion, young people change jobs to acquire multiple skills and find out what they desire to do in their careers. However, I contend that the drawbacks are much more substantial since this might impede one's career opportunities. Nonetheless, it can be predicted that young people’s careers will continue to change in their search for true passions. (Word count: 381) 3. 15/01/2022 Question: Some think that people should not change their jobs while others think they should because it brings advantages for both themselves and their employers. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT A sensitive topic Một chủ đề nhạy cảm Continually struggle Cố gắng liên tục (một cách khó khăn) Diverse/expansive skill set Bộ kỹ năng đa dạng Different knowledge bases Nền tảng kiến thức khác nhau Wide-ranging variety of professional skills Nhiều kỹ năng chuyên ngành Equal or more experience Có bằng hoặc nhiều kinh nghiệm hơn Job hopper Người hay nhảy việc Job hopping Nhảy việc Counterproductive Phản tác dụng Higher than average turnover rate Tỉ lệ nghỉ việc cao hơn trung bình A near-endless cycle Một vòng lặp gần như vô tận Junior level Nhân viên mới To impede sth Cản trở điều gì đó xảy ra EXAMPLE The topic of changing jobs can be a sensitive topic, with some believing that doing so equips workers with a more expansive skill set and allows companies to save on training costs. I, however, contend that it is more disadvantageous to change jobs since it can hinder an individual’s career and companies may continually struggle to hire new employees. A key benefit of workers changing jobs regularly is that they can be equipped with a more diverse skill set. As different jobs utilize different knowledge bases, employees may be able to acquire a wide-ranging variety of professional skills. Therefore, in the future when a new job is offered to them, employees will be better prepared for the work entailed at any given position. For companies, when their employees switch occupations, they can save time and money on training. Firms can do this by hiring someone with equal or more experience than the previous person in the same field. Therefore, the quality of the products or services being offered by these firms will remain consistent. However, switching jobs can hinder a worker’s career as companies may be reluctant to hire such individuals. Employers understandably may hold a prejudice against those who frequently alternate between occupations as they think a so-called ‘job hopper’ will not be able to contribute to their company long-term and thus it would be counterproductive to commit resources to them. When it comes to how companies themselves can be negatively affected by job hopping, they may continually struggle when finding new employees who can meet their requirements. This is evident with how international accounting firms have a higher-than-average turnover rate at the junior level, meaning that they are in a near-endless cycle of hiring new people. In conclusion, while changing jobs can help workers acquire vital skills and companies save time and money for training, I would assert that the drawbacks are much more substantial, as it can impede one’s career and companies can suffer from potentially high turnover rates. (Word count: 334) 4. 12/3/2022 Question: Fewer young people do farming work in rural areas. Why? Should young people be encouraged to do farming work? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Greater allure of factory-based jobs Sức hấp dẫn lớn hơn của các công việc làm tại nhà máy Increased provision of education Tăng cường cung cấp giáo dục Changing perception Thay đổi nhận thức Prudent Khôn ngoan The slump in young workers Sự sụt giảm của lao động trẻ A more lucrative income Một thu nhập hấp dẫn hơn Below one’s standards Dưới tiêu chuẩn của một người Elevated educational background Nền tảng giáo dục nâng cao Manpower Nhân lực A dearth in sth Một sự khan hiếm của cái gì đó Deleteriously halted Đã tạm dừng một cách độc hại Domestic food crisis Khủng hoảng lương thực trong nước Vocational pathway Con đường học nghề EXAMPLE There has been a decline in the number of young people engaging in farming work, which can be ascribed to the greater allure of factory-based jobs and the changing perception resulting from the increased provision of education. Because of these factors, it can be prudent for young people to pursue agricultural work. Young people becoming more reluctant to work in farming can be explained as follows. Firstly, the slump in young workers working in the agriculture industry can be attributed to factory-based jobs being more attractive. In comparison to farming work, factory jobs usually provide a more lucrative income and the working environment is often more comfortable as workers get to be in an air-conditioned setting under a roof. Thus, young workers are more inclined to work in a factory instead of on a farm. In addition, with the greater provision of mass education to young people, more of them have begun to perceive farming work to be below their standards. They are typically more drawn to jobs that are better suited to their elevated educational background and skill set. Hence, they will likely consider agricultural work to not meet those standards. Due to the factors outlined above, young people should be encouraged to work in agriculture. Firstly, farming jobs require a great deal of manpower to keep up with the currently growing demand for food. A dearth in personnel can hinder productivity in the agricultural industry and by extension the national food supply can be deleteriously halted, which may lead to a domestic food crisis. Furthermore, farming work can be a vocational pathway for young people. It provides them with practical skills such as using heavy machinery and planting crops, as well as soft skills such as task management, organizational and communication skills. That way, young people can learn to be more resourceful and responsible in a professional setting. In conclusion, the greater benefits provided by factory jobs and changing perception of farm work are the leading causes of the decline in young people working in agriculture. Therefore, they should be encouraged to work in that sector as it needs extensive manpower and it can be a fruitful professional path for them to take. (Word count: 365) 5. 26/3/2022 Question: Today people live away from their friends and family to find a job in other cities. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT To be vulnerable to sth Dễ bị tổn thương bởi một điều gì đó To be susceptible to sth Dễ bị ảnh hưởng hơn bởi một cái gì đó Mental health issues Các vấn đề sức khỏe tâm thần In the company of friends and family Gần với bạn bè và gia đình To be comforted by sth/sb Được an ủi bởi ai đó/cái gì đó Get immediate help Nhận trợ giúp ngay lập tức Medical emergency Cấp cứu y tế Next of kin Họ hàng gần nhất Outside assistance Hỗ trợ bên ngoài To endeavour to do sth Cố gắng làm một việc gì đó Conducting their own research Thực hiện những nghiên cứu của riêng họ Grow into self-reliant people Trở thành những người tự lập Varying ideas about what kind of employment Nhiều ý tưởng khác nhau về nghề nghiệp To be held back by sth Bị cản trở bởi điều gì đó EXAMPLE It is observed that nowadays people are living away from their friends and family to search for employment. This essay will explore the merits and demerits of this tendency and explain why the merits are greater. To begin with, there are a few drawbacks to living away from loved ones to find work. Firstly, people can be vulnerable to various mental health issues. This is because they can miss being in the company of friends and family and sharing with them their developments and problems in life, as well as being comforted by them when life becomes tough. Therefore, these people can experience feelings of anxiety and depression, which may disrupt their motivation to find work. Secondly, it may be difficult for people to get immediate help when they are away from home. For instance, if they have a medical emergency, their next of kin or close friends may not be there to help them. Hence, they will have to rely on outside assistance such as medical services or close neighbours, which can be inconvenient and expensive. However, the benefits of this practice are greater than the drawbacks. Firstly, isolating oneself from others in search of a job can allow them to endeavour to live more independently. By finding a place of their own and conducting their own research to find a job, they can learn what it means to struggle to earn their own living and maintain their own lifestyle. In the process, they are more likely to grow into self-reliant people. Secondly, individuals are less likely to be influenced by their friends and family. Since different people may have varying ideas about what kind of employment one should pursue, workers may be held back by others’ many suggestions. By living away from friends and family, they will be able to more freely forge their own career path. In conclusion, while people can be more susceptible to mental health problems and have a lack of immediate assistance, it is more advantageous for people to live away from friends and family in looking for work, as they can become more independent in their lifestyle and be free to pursue whatever job they desire. (Word count: 363) 5. 23/07/2022 Question: Many people find it hard to balance their work with other parts of their lives. What are the reasons for this? How can this problem be overcome? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Achieve work-life harmony Đạt được sự hài hòa giữa công việc và cuộc sống A high volume of work Khối lượng công việc lớn A shrewder financial plan Một kế hoạch tài chính khôn ngoan hơn Assume a heavy workload Đảm nhận một khối lượng công việc nặng Pursue materialism Theo đuổi chủ nghĩa duy vật Forgo their time for… Hi sinh thời gian của họ làm điều gì Accumulate wealth Tích lũy tài sản Predicament Tình trạng khó khăn Personal pursuits Sự theo đuổi cá nhân Sustain a work-life blend Duy trì sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống EXAMPLE It is common for labourers to fail to achieve work-life harmony. A high volume of work and the promotion of materialism are contributing factors to this tendency. However, it can be tackled by some viable solutions implemented by the government and individuals such as the enactment of laws on working hours and a shrewder financial plan. The struggle to maintain a work-life balance can be attributed to two reasons. The key one is growing demands in the workplace. To be more specific, employees are more likely to assume a heavy workload, leading to the fact that they have to work overtime to be able to accomplish their assigned duties. For instance, it is reported that a substantial number of blue-collar workers in most Vietnamese factories have to work an average of 10 hours each day to finish their tasks. Another explanation is the desire to acquire more material possessions. It is believed that people in modern society tend to pursue materialism to keep up with their friends or show off their status. As a result, they would forgo their time for their personal interests or relationships and fully devote themselves to working to accumulate wealth. Nevertheless, this predicament can be tackled by two measures. First and foremost, the government should impose laws on labourers’ working hours to reduce the frequency of working additional hours. For example, companies requiring their employees to work more hours than legally mandated can face a monetary fine or be banned from operating. Therefore, firms would put more control on their schedules, enabling workers to allocate time to other matters of their lives. Furthermore, individuals should make financial plans wisely to limit their own expenses. Since they save money by buying secondhand or cheaper suppliers, their expenditure would be reduced. Thus, the demand to work extended hours would decrease as they are not urged to earn more money and can spend more time on personal pursuits instead. In conclusion, the plight of sustaining a work-life blend is ascribed to increasing work demands and the pursuit of possessing more material properties. Nevertheless, the enforcement of laws regulating work hours by authorities and reasonable spending plans made by individuals could improve this situation. (Word count: 365) 6. 06/08/2022 Question: There are several factors that motivate people to stay in the workforce. Among them, money is the most important factor. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Gain a substantial amount of income Có thu nhập đáng kể Have a clear path for career progression Có một con đường rõ ràng để phát triển sự nghiệp Climb the career ladder Leo lên nấc thang sự nghiệp Rise up the hierarchy Được thăng chức Become a better version of themselves Trở thành một phiên bản tốt hơn của chính họ Make a long-term commitment to a profession Có cam kết lâu dài với một công việc Enhancement of their self-actualization Nâng cao khả năng tự hiện thực hóa của họ Emotional connections Những kết nối cảm xúc Acknowledgement at work Sự công nhận tại nơi làm việc EXAMPLE It is argued that gaining a substantial amount of income is the most vital factor among several for people’s motivation to remain employed. I totally disagree with this viewpoint since there are more significant elements including job prospects and the recognition in the workplace. The main reason for my dissenting view that money is the main driver for continued employment is that having a clear path for career progression is more vital. More specifically, they can be offered opportunities for development and to be able to climb the career ladder when they devote themselves to the company they are working for. To illustrate, normal office staff member would more likely decide to work diligently as they know that they can rise up the hierarchy to become a manager who has more power if they show commitment to the company. Therefore, the desire to become a better version of themselves may stimulate individuals to remain in the workforce. Another justification for why I believe people tend to make a long-term commitment to a profession other than money is that they can be recognized for contributions and achievements in the workplace. This is because they would feel appreciated when they receive praise or rewards from their colleagues and superiors. In other words, their talents and working proficiency are highly valued, leading to the enhancement of their selfactualization. These compliments also generate emotional connections between workers and the whole organization, acting as a source of inspiration for them to continue to work for it. In conclusion, I strongly oppose the idea that high income is the most crucial factor for employees to continue working as job promotions and acknowledgement at work are just as pivotal. (Word count: 282) TOPIC 3: HEALTH QUESTION LIST 1. 28/11/2020 Question: Governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and food choice. Others argue that it is their choice. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 2. 08/05/2021 Question: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 3. 22/1/2022 Question: In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that the government has the responsibility to solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. 12/2/2022 Question: More and more people are choosing to eat healthy food and making time to exercise regularly. Why is this happening and what can we do to encourage this? 5. 3/3/2022 Question: Some people think scientific research should focus on solving world health problems. Others think that there are more important issues. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 6. 25/02/2023 Question: An increasing number of people are choosing cosmetic surgery/ plastic surgery. Why do people have operations to change the way they look? Do you think this is a positive or negative development? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 28/11/2020 Question: Governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and food choice. Others argue that it is their choice. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Regulate (v) Quy định Personal preference Sở thích cá nhân Legislation Luật pháp Nutritionist Chuyên gia dinh dưỡng Processed foods Đồ ăn chế biến sẵn Face a small monetary fine Chịu hình phạt tiền nhỏ Overall well-being Sức khỏe tổng quát Accommodate everyone’s needs Đáp ứng nhu cầu của mọi người Nutritional demands Nhu cầu dinh dưỡng Financial constraints Những hạn chế tài chính Guilty pleasure Thú vui tội lỗi Unethical (adj) Phi đạo đức Address (v) Giải quyết Science-based diet Chế độ ăn uống khoa học EXAMPLE Many people suggest governments issue laws that regulate citizens’ selection of food as a vehicle to combat poor eating habits. I am strongly opposed to this idea with respect to personal preferences. On the one hand, legislation detailing food consumption could help promote a healthier diet. More specifically, lawmakers might set a standard intake of essential nutrition as advised by nutritionists as well as completely remove unhealthy dishes such as heavily processed foods from a list of possible picks. Anyone who does not follow the guideline could face a small monetary fine while companies that sell unlisted products could be banned from operating. Thanks to these measures, citizens are more likely to adopt a balanced diet which is scientifically proven to be the key to overall well-being. On the other hand, a law that regulates people’s consumption of foods is unlikely to accommodate everyone’s needs. In fact, a person’s choice of dishes for his meal depends on various personal reasons ranging from taste preferences, and nutritional demands to financial constraints. Some choose to sit down at a McDonald’s for a Big Mac possibly because they are fans of cheesy beef patties or it might be the only lunch set they can afford if they are on special offer. Furthermore, I do not believe it is the role of the state to prevent people from enjoying their guilty pleasures on rare occasions. That is why, in my opinion, asking everyone to follow strict guidelines is simply unethical, failing to address the needs and rights of each individual in a society. In conclusion, although governmental control of one’s consumption might be of help to a more science-based diet, I believe people must be allowed to consume whatever they desire. As an alternative to decrees, ministries of health should run nationwide healthy eating campaigns (Word count: 299) 2. 08/05/2021 Question: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Perennial impact on society Ảnh hưởng lâu dài tới xã hội Financial capacity Khả năng tài chính Diagnostic tests Khám chẩn đoán bệnh Prescribed medications Đơn thuốc chỉ định/ thuốc kê đơn Interpretation of the results and counselling Giải thích kết quả và tư vấn Disease prevention initiatives Kế hoạch/dự án phòng bệnh Hygienic and cardiovascular benefits Lợi ích vệ sinh và tim mạch Rates for hospitalisation Tỷ lệ nhập viện A stretched budget Ngân sách thiếu hụt Governmental financial aid Sự hỗ trợ tài chính từ chính phủ Promulgate Ban hành The participation and involvement of all political bodies Sự tham gia của tất cả các cơ quan chính trị EXAMPLE Some people have proposed that a higher proportion of the national budget should be allocated to support those in need at hospitals. However, I believe healthy lifestyle promotion programs must be prioritised considering their perennial impact on society. On the one hand, governmental support is critical to the recovery of patients whose treatment costs exceed their financial capacity. For example, the medical treatment process for a cancer patient includes numerous costly procedures, starting with the conduct of diagnostic tests, the use of prescribed medications, and ending with interpretation of the results and counselling. In Vietnam, the total sum of these medical and non-medical expenses can total over $50,000, which is unaffordable for the majority of Vietnamese working families. Therefore, to ensure proper treatment, the Vietnamese government must provide monetary support to these patients through insurance schemes or the Red Cross organisation. On the other hand, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives can produce greater long-term social impact. Many of these initiatives, such as those executed by the WHO in Cambodia, have successfully provided locals with essential health information related to nutrition, along with the hygienic and cardiovascular benefits of regular exercise. As the number of Cambodians who adopt healthy diets and preventive measures against diseases are on the rise, the rates for hospitalisation have witnessed a remarkable drop in recent years. Cambodia has, therefore, reduced financial demand for the construction of hospitals and clinics, allocating a greater proportion of a stretched budget to other critical sectors such as education and social equality. In conclusion, although some patients might benefit from governmental financial aid, I opine that programs which promote a healthier lifestyle are of greater importance to society as a whole. In my opinion, governments should promulgate laws that require the participation and involvement of all political bodies to support these programs. (Word count: 303) 3. 22/1/2022 Question: In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that the government has the responsibility to solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Shoulder the burden Gánh chịu một gánh nặng Primary guardians Người giám hộ chính To assume responsibility Nhận trách nhiệm cho một việc gì đó The power and resources to enact laws or policies Quyền lực và tài nguyên để ban hành luật pháp và chính sách To promulgate sth Ban hành một điều gì đó Sugary drinks and food Đồ uống và thực phẩm có đường To rectify sth Giải quyết, sửa sai một việc gì đó Shirk an obligation Trốn tránh trách nhiệm Perpetually remain obese Duy trì bệnh béo phì kéo dài Ailments associated with obesity Các bệnh liên quan tới béo phì Legitimate power Quyền lực hợp pháp Directly accountable Có trách nhiệm trực tiếp Dietary and exercise habits Thói quen ăn kiêng và tập thể dục EXAMPLE The problem of childhood obesity and its consequences for physical health has become a pressing issue globally, with some arguing that the government is primarily responsible. While this assertion is reasonable to some extent, I would contend that the parents should take some responsibility as well as they are the primary guardians of their children. It is valid to assert that the government should assume responsibility for tackling the problem of child obesity. States have the power and resources to enact laws or policies that can actively promote a healthier lifestyle and therefore curb the obesity rate among children. Consequently, children can be compelled to comply with these policies and change their habits to live more healthily and lose weight. To give an example, the Vietnamese government has recently promulgated a directive that requires local schools to provide healthy school meals, encourages children to engage in physical activities and prohibits the advertising and sharing of sugary drinks and food. This is intended to curb the obesity rate among children in Vietnam, which has been rising in the past decade. However, the parents of these children should assume a secondary role in rectifying this problem as well. Since they are already the primary guardians responsible for feeding and taking care of their offspring, it is only natural for parents to monitor their diet and commitment to exercise. If parents shirk these obligations, then their children are more likely to remain obese and in poor health in the long-term. For example, a recent survey has reported that the majority of European parents typically encourage their children to engage in weekly exercise programs to ensure that they will maintain a healthy weight. They believe in this way, children can physically develop normally and not be greatly affected by ailments associated with obesity. In conclusion, while the government should take a leading responsibility in tackling the problem of child obesity given their legitimate power in enacting laws, I would ultimately assert that the parents should also share this burden as they are more directly accountable for their children’s health in terms of their dietary and exercise habits. (Word count: 353) 4. 12/2/2022 Question: More and more people are choosing to eat healthy food and making time to exercise regularly. Why is this happening and what can we do to encourage this? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The growing popularity of sth Sự phổ biến ngày càng tăng của một cái gì đó The influence of mass media Sự ảnh hưởng của phương tiện thông tin đại chúng Be further encouraged Được thúc đẩy thêm Enact legislation and incorporate more Ban hành luật và kết hợp nhiều hoạt động physical activities into schools thể chất hơn vào trường học To impose a tax on sth Đánh thuế cái gì đó Far-reaching impact Tầm ảnh hưởng sâu rộng New standards of beauty Quy chuẩn sắc đẹp mới To imitate sth/sb Bắt chước ai đó/cái gì đó Diet and exercise regimens Chế độ ăn kiêng và tập thể dục To stay in good shape Duy trì vóc dáng đẹp To promulgate a tax Ban hành một loại thuế Naturally produced foods Thực phẩm sản xuất tự nhiên Embracing wholesome lifestyles Thực hiện lối sống lành mạnh EXAMPLE The growing popularity of healthy diets and more regular exercise is the result of the influence of the mass media. This trend can be further encouraged by enacting legislation to incorporate increased physical activities into schools and by imposing a tax on processed foods. The growing awareness of healthy lifestyles can be ascribed to the far-reaching impact of mass media. It is now common to watch movies and TV shows featuring celebrities who are fit, implicitly introducing new standards of beauty that are often attainable. Hence, audiences may try to research and imitate the diet and exercise regimens of well-known celebrities and become healthier in the process. This can be observed widely in numerous health magazines such as Men’s Health and Women’s Health that cater to this desire by publishing the daily fitness routines and meal plans of stars. Fans can then read these magazines online and adopt the routines to learn the best practices of successful role models and consistently stay in good shape. In order for this trend to continue to flourish, definitive steps must be taken by the government. The first is to introduce legislation that requires more physical activities to be taught at school. This can include sports such as football, basketball and other typical exercises such as jogging. By creating additional activities for schoolchildren to engage in, the fitness level of a nation’s population can be better maintained in the long-term. The second measure would be for the state to promulgate a tax on the purchase of processed food products. As consumers may be unwilling to pay more given the higher price, such a reform would encourage them to buy naturally produced foods and in turn embrace healthier eating habits. In conclusion, thanks to mass media, more people are embracing wholesome lifestyles and this can be further encouraged by mandatory physical education at school and taxes on processed food. It is crucial that the last solution be affordable in order to enjoy widespread adoption. (Word count: 329) 5. 3/3/2022 Question: Some people think scientific research should focus on solving world health problems. Others think that there are more important issues. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT More pressing problems Nhiều vấn đề cấp bách hơn Adequate attention Sự quan tâm đầy đủ To find it difficult for sth Cảm thấy cái gì đó khó khăn Protected from diseases Được bảo vệ khỏi bệnh tật New and more affordable alternatives Các lựa chọn thay thế mới và rẻ hơn Medication Thuốc thang To administer a vaccine Tiêm vắc xin By a considerable margin Bằng một khoảng đáng kể More deserving of attention Đáng được quan tâm hơn To suffer from crop shortages Chịu sự thiếu hụt thu hoạch từ mùa vụ Withstand harsh conditions Chịu được các điều kiện khắc nghiệt Plights on global health Vấn đề nguy hiểm ảnh hưởng tới sức khỏe toàn cầu EXAMPLE It is argued that scientific research should be devoted to addressing global health issues, but there are some who contend that there are more pressing problems to focus on. This essay discusses both sides of this argument and why I partially agree with the latter opinion. To begin with, some argue it is important that adequate attention is given to solving global health issues. Currently, there are many people who are finding it difficult to afford medicine to be protected from diseases. To address this, scientists could strive to devise new and more affordable alternatives so that those people can live healthily in the long-term. This is evident with the Hepatitis B vaccine, as prior to its invention medication for treating the virus was expensive. However, once the vaccine was presented as a more affordable option, more people were then administered the vaccine and the infection rate had decreased by a considerable margin. However, others argue that there are other issues that are more deserving of attention from scientific research. One of them is global famine, as there are some regions in the world that are suffering from crop shortages due to numerous factors such as poor soil quality and pests. Therefore, scientific research could be devoted to creating new genetically-modified crops that could withstand harsh conditions. Another critical issue is global warming, as it could pose a greater threat to all life on Earth than most plights on global health. Hence, scientific research could be valuable in finding the causes of it as well as relevant solutions to curb the effects of it. In conclusion, I agree that while it is important that scientific research should be dedicated to solving global health problems, there are more critical issues that need to be addressed such as reducing famine and mitigating global warming. (Word count: 302) 6. 25/02/2023 Question: An increasing number of people are choosing cosmetic surgery/ plastic surgery. Why do people have operations to change the way they look? Do you think this is a positive or negative development? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Cosmetic operations Phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ Correct physical deformities Chỉnh sửa các dị tật về thể chất Congenital defects dị tật bẩm sinh Acquired deformities Dị tật mắc phải Breast augmentation Nâng ngực Nose reshaping Chỉnh sửa, định hình mũi Liposuction Hút mỡ Complications from anesthesia Biến chứng do gây mê Lengthy hospital stay Thời gian nằm viện kéo dài Unrealistic beauty standards Tiêu chuẩn sắc đẹp phi thực tế Societal pressure Áp lực xã hội Mental trauma Chấn thương tinh thần Cosmetic operations Phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ EXAMPLE More people are opting for cosmetic operations to alter their physical appearance. There are two reasons behind this tendency including the desire to correct physical deformities and enhance their self-esteem. However, I believe that it has detrimental impacts on people’s physical and mental well-being. To commence with, there are two driving factors why more individuals tend to undergo plastic surgery. Chief of these is that some want to address their physical imperfections. More specifically, some people have congenital defects or acquired deformities due to injuries or illnesses, and may want to undergo surgery to correct these conditions. Another justification is that they wish to boost their self-esteem. By undergoing procedures such as breast augmentation, nose reshaping or liposuction, people can feel more confident about themselves when it comes to their appearance. As such, they can be motivated to have conversations with others or participate in the entertainment industry. Nevertheless, I maintain that this propensity has several drawbacks. Most noticeably, people’s physical health can be adversely affected. This is because cosmetic surgery carries a number of risks, including infection, scarring and complications from anesthesia. Therefore, people could suffer from these potential threats, deteriorating their well-being. A case in point is the Brazilian model Andressa Urach, who suffered life-threatening complications after receiving injections of hydrogel to enhance her buttocks. The injections led to a severe infection that spread to her legs, and she required multiple surgeries and a lengthy hospital stay to recover. Furthermore, this trend can also have negative impacts on their mental health. Especially, when the decision to undergo cosmetic surgery stems from unrealistic beauty standards or societal pressure which constantly changes, people are likely to be obsessed with perfecting themselves and feel depressed as they consider that their altered appearance is not up to that standard. In conclusion, a rising number of people prefer cosmetic surgery to transform their physical appearance since they yearn to correct physical deformities and boost their selfconfidence. Nonetheless, I contend that it poses a threat to individuals’ holistic health. It is advisable that only deformities that affect individuals’ well-being should be corrected and elective surgeries require counseling beforehand to avoid unnecessary mental trauma. (Word count: 359) TOPIC 4: ENVIRONMENT QUESTION LIST 1. 06/11/2021 Question: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. 26/2/2022 Question: Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection of wild animals and that this money could be better spent on the human population. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 3. 28/05/2022 Question: Some human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some people think it is too late to do anything about this problem while others think effective measures can be taken to improve this situation. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 4. 04/06/2022 Question: Environmental damage is a problem in most countries. What factors damage the environment and who should take responsibility? 5. 22/10/2022 Question: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 6. 25/03/2023 Question: Some cities have vehicle-free days, when private cars, trucks, motorcycles are banned in the city center. Public transportation like buses, taxis and metros are advised. To what extent do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 06/11/2021 Question: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Harmful fumes Khói độc hại Global awareness campaign Chiến dịch nâng cao nhận thức toàn cầu Emissions from private vehicles Khí thải từ các phương tiện cá nhân Distance and frequency at which people travel on the roads Khoảng cách và tần suất mọi người di chuyển trên đường Cost per kilometer Phí trên mỗi ki lô mét Cost-effective and greener means of transportation Phương tiện giao thông tiết kiệm chi phí và thân thiện môi trường Noxious fumes Khói độc Solve a limited part Giải quyết một phần Complex environmental issues Các vấn đề môi trường phức tạp Environmental cost of their shopping habits Hậu quả lên môi trường do thói quen mua sắm Consumption of noxious chemicals Sự tiêu thụ hóa chất độc hại Greener cultivating and manufacturing methods Phương pháp trồng trọt và sản xuất thân thiện môi trường hơn EXAMPLE Many people argue that an increase in fuel prices will solve the problem of the environment. While this idea could help reduce the amount of harmful fumes, I maintain that a global awareness campaign is the most feasible option. On the one hand this policy might help cut down the emissions from private vehicles which pollute the air in big cities. Indeed, as the cost per kilometer increases, people would have to consider reducing the distance and the frequency at which they travel on the roads. If there is a need to travel, commuters might also turn to more costeffective and greener means of transportation such as buses or electric bikes. In both of these cases, the total amount of noxious fumes that cause air pollution is limited. However, an increase in fuel prices can only solve a limited part of the complex environmental issues. In fact, causes of pollution are diverse, involving the use of plastic bags in shopping or chemicals in both agriculture and industry which contaminate both water and land. Therefore, the most effective solution would be running a world-wide campaign that raises the consumer awareness about the environmental cost of their shopping habits and presses companies to reduce the consumption of noxious chemicals and resolve to greener cultivating and manufacturing methods. In conclusion, while increasing fuel costs can partly solve the environmental problems by discouraging private vehicle usage, the ideal solution would be making the public and enterprises aware of these issues. I am also convinced that once more resolute actions are taken, humans can reverse the effect of climate change and environmental problems. (Word count: 268) 2. 26/2/2022 Question: Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection of wild animals and that this money could be better spent on the human population. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Wildlife protection Bảo vệ động vật hoang dã The delicate balance of the ecosystem Sự cân bằng mong manh của hệ sinh thái Sole food source Nguồn thực phẩm duy nhất Completely extinct Hoàn toàn tuyệt chủng Disrupting the food chain Làm gián đoạn chuỗi thức ăn Understated Không được đánh giá cao Native bird species Các loài chim bản địa To facilitate human development Để tạo điều kiện cho con người phát triển Other facets of human society Các khía cạnh khác của xã hội loài người To bolster these sectors Để tăng cường các lĩnh vực này Marked improvements in the quality of life Cải thiện rõ rệt về chất lượng cuộc sống A financial crisis Khủng hoảng tài chính An investment in preserving animals Đầu tư vào bảo tồn động vật EXAMPLE It has been observed that a large amount of time and funding has been allocated towards wildlife protection. However, some argue that this funding could be put to better use towards helping humanity. In this essay, I will explain my thoughts as to why I partially agree that time and money could be better spent on helping humanity. On the one hand, the protection of wild animals can maintain the delicate balance of the ecosystem. If one animal species becomes completely extinct, other species may suffer from a lack of food as these preys may be their sole food source and then consequently become extinct themselves, massively disrupting the food chain. Hence the protection of wild animals cannot be understated and requires adequate funding and time for it to continue in the long-term. This can be observed in the US, where the Conservation Reserve Program assisted in increasing the population of native bird species such as ducks, grouse and pheasants, owing to the abundant amount of money and time dedicated by the government to supporting this program. On the other hand, there are more important sectors to allocate funding to in order to facilitate human development. While the protection of wild animals may not have a direct effect on supporting humanity, there are other facets of human society that do, such as infrastructure, healthcare and education. By devoting enough money and time to bolstering these sectors, there can be marked improvements in the quality of life for the human population. Venezuela for instance, is currently facing a financial crisis that started in 2013 which has led to the country struggling to improve the quality of life for its citizens. Thus, they have to prioritise meeting their citizens’ basic needs before devoting funding to protecting native wildlife. In conclusion, I somewhat believe that though an investment in preserving animals may somehow maintain the balance of the ecosystem, our time and money should be more justifiably spent on important sectors of the economy to improve people’s living standards. (Word count: 336) 3. 28/05/2022 Question: Some human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some people think it is too late to do anything about this problem while others think effective measures can be taken to improve this situation. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Flora and fauna species Các loài thực vật và động vật Lessen their detrimental impact Giảm bớt tác động bất lợi của họ Endangered creatures Sinh vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng A shortage of food Sự thiếu lương thực Unstoppable death Cái chết không thể ngăn cản Ameliorate environmental issues Cải thiện các vấn đề môi trường Pose a threat to natural habitats Đe dọa môi trường sống tự nhiên Laws on industrial waste management Luật quản lý chất thải công nghiệp Aquatic creatures Sinh vật dưới nước Compensate for environmental damage Bồi thường thiệt hại cho môi trường EXAMPLE It is true that a great number of flora and fauna species are adversely affected by human activities. Although some believe that it is pointless to tackle this issue as no solution will ever be effective, I argue that people can still implement viable solutions to ameliorate it. On the one hand, the notion that there is nothing for humans to do to lessen their detrimental impact on the existence of plants and animals is sound to some extent. The main reason is that some species have become extinct even before human intervention. This is evident with how the dinosaurs were killed off by an asteroid that struck the Earth 65 million years ago, long before human beings became their own species. As well as this, plenty of endangered creatures are predicted to vanish despite the measures taken by human beings. This is because many food chains are detrimentally affected by the disappearance of certain vegetation and animals in the ecosystem, leading to a shortage of food and then the unstoppable death of other organisms. On the other hand, opponents believe that human beings can adopt measures to ameliorate environmental issues. First and foremost, the governments can enact laws to ban illegal acts that pose a threat to natural habitats. For example, the Vietnamese government introduced laws on industrial waste management in 2001, which deterred factories from discharging waste into rivers and oceans without proper treatment processes, and thus successfully improved the water quality in industrial areas to protect a significant number of aquatic creatures. Furthermore, individuals can compensate for their environmental damage. To be more specific, they can construct reserves for hunted animals or plant trees to restore deforested areas to protect the numbers of animals dying out and recover the ecosystem. As a result, numerous species can be saved in time and avoid becoming extinct. In conclusion, although both sides have some ground reasons, I personally think that human beings should be responsible for the protection of wildlife by abiding by environmental regulations and rehabilitating nature. To that end, it would be ideal if international bodies such as the UN would encourage all people to play their part in preserving the existence of animals and plants. (Word count: 368) 4. 04/06/2022 Question: Environmental damage is a problem in most countries. What factors damage the environment and who should take responsibility? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Inflict environmental degradation Gây suy thoái môi trường Chemical effluents Nước thải hóa học By-products of industries Sản phẩm phụ của các ngành công nghiệp Floral species Loài hoa Food and housing needs Nhu cầu thức ăn và nhà ở A massive loss of vegetative cover and trees Sự mất đi nhiều lớp phủ thực vật và cây cối Impose stricter legislation Thực hiện luật pháp nghiêm ngặt hơn Industrial plants Nhà máy công nghiệp Ameliorate the water quality Cải thiện chất lượng nước The enforcement of land recovery Việc cưỡng chế thu hồi đất Environmental deterioration Sự suy thoái môi trường EXAMPLE One of the most severe issues that the majortiy of nations face is ecological degradation. It is attributed to two key circumstances relating to human activities including industrialization and deforestation for intensive land use; therefore, both manufacturing companies and individuals have to be accountable for environmental conservation. There are two principal factors that inflict environmental degradation. The main one is the industrial waste discharged from manufacturing. More specifically, chemical effluents, which are by-products of industries, are discharged into bodies of water without having undergone proper treatment methods, causing water pollution and subsequently harm to aquatic life. Another influence is deforestation for other land uses such as agriculture and infrastructure. Fauna and floral species are cleared to make room for cropland and accommodation to cater to the increasing food and housing needs triggered by the rising population. As a result, there is a massive loss of vegetative cover and trees, leading to ecological imbalance. Therefore, both industrial firms and individuals should be accountable for preserving the environment for the damage they caused to it, but only governments can solve it effectively. First and foremost, they can impose stricter legislation to deter factories from releasing chemical waste into the environment. For example, the Vietnamese government enacted a decree on industrial waste control under the Environmental Protection Law 2020, successfully reducing the amount of toxic waste from industrial plants and significantly ameliorating the water quality of rivers. Furthermore, laws against deforestation can be introduced by states to avoid detrimental impacts on the natural habitats of animals and plants. To be more specific, it should be made compulsory for residents to farm and erect their houses in certain areas which are far removed from wildlife. This can be implemented by introducing punishments such as the enforcement of land recovery and monetary fines for those who break the laws. In conclusion, environmental deterioration is ascribed to industrial processes and deforestation; thus, industrial companies and individuals should be responsible for environmental damage. However, viable measures must be taken by governments such as the enactment of legislation for industrial safety and land use to tackle it successfully. It is advisable that the governments of different nations should make a collective effort to tackle ecological harm more effectively. (Word count: 370 5. 22/10/2022 Question: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Harmful fumes Khói độc hại Global awareness campaign Chiến dịch nâng cao nhận thức toàn cầu Emissions from private vehicles Khí thải từ các phương tiện cá nhân Distance and frequency at which people travel on the roads Khoảng cách và tần suất mọi người di chuyển trên đường Cost per kilometer Phí trên mỗi ki lô mét Cost-effective and greener means of transportation Phương tiện giao thông tiết kiệm chi phí và thân thiện môi trường Noxious fumes Khói độc Solve a limited part Giải quyết một phần Complex environmental issues Các vấn đề môi trường phức tạp Environmental cost of their shopping habits Hậu quả lên môi trường do thói quen mua sắm Consumption of noxious chemicals Sự tiêu thụ hóa chất độc hại Discourage private vehicle usage Không khuyến khích sử dụng phương tiện cá nhân EXAMPLE Many people argue that an increase in fuel prices will solve the problem of the environment. While this idea could help reduce the amount of harmful fumes, I maintain that a global awareness campaign is the most feasible option. On the one hand this policy might help cut down the emissions from private vehicles which pollute the air in big cities. Indeed, as the cost per kilometer increases, people would have to consider reducing the distance and the frequency at which they travel on the roads. If there is a need to travel, commuters might also turn to more costeffective and greener means of transportation such as buses or electric bikes. In both of these cases, the total amount of noxious fumes that cause air pollution is limited. However, an increase in fuel prices can only solve a limited part of the complex environmental issues. In fact, causes of pollution are diverse, involving the use of plastic bags in shopping or chemicals in both agriculture and industry which contaminate both water and land. Therefore, the most effective solution would be running a world-wide campaign that raises the consumer awareness about the environmental cost of their shopping habits and presses companies to reduce the consumption of noxious chemicals and resolve to greener cultivating and manufacturing methods. In conclusion, while increasing fuel costs can partly solve the environmental problems by discouraging private vehicle usage, the ideal solution would be making the public and enterprises aware of these issues. I am also convinced that once more resolute actions are taken, humans can reverse the effect of climate change and environmental problems. (Word count: 268) 6. 25/03/2023 Question: Some cities have vehicle-free days, when private cars, trucks, motorcycles are banned in the city center. Public transportation like buses, taxis and metros are advised. To what extent do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Reduced traffic congestion Giảm ùn tắc giao thông Decrease in the release of carbon into the atmosphere Giảm lượng khí thải carbon vào khí quyển Traffic jams can be eased Ùn tắc giao thông có thể được giảm bớt Travel time for public transportation Thời gian di chuyển bằng phương tiện công cộng Alternative forms of transportation Các hình thức vận chuyển thay thế Reduction in traffic density Giảm mật độ giao thông Carbon emissions Khí thải carbon Better health outcomes Kết quả sức khỏe tốt hơn Respiratory issues Các vấn đề về hô hấp Burdensome Phiền toái EXAMPLE Occasions on which private vehicles are not allowed to be driven within the central city for specific days are encouraged in some metropolitan areas. Therefore, people are stimulated to utilize public transportation. I consider its benefits such as reduced traffic congestion and a decrease in the release of carbon into the atmosphere are slightly more significant although this practice can induce inconvenience to residents. The first benefit of banning individual means of transportation on certain days is that it can lessen traffic congestion. With fewer cars and motorbikes on the road, traffic jams can be eased and travel time for public transportation can be reduced. For instance, the annual "World Car-Free Day" that takes place on September 22nd each year encourages people to use alternative forms of transportation instead of driving their cars, leading to a significant reduction in traffic density worldwide. Another advantage is the reduction in carbon emissions. As vehicles are a major source of air pollution, limiting or banning them on certain days can significantly lessen the levels of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in the air. This can lead to improved air quality and better health outcomes, especially for people with respiratory issues. However, as private vehicles are prohibited on certain days, it can cause inconvenience for citizens. More specifically, people who live or work in the city center may find it burdensome to have to use public transportation or walk long distances to get to their destination in lieu of utilizing their own cars or motorbikes. In conclusion, although transport-free days may trigger inconvenience for residents, I consider its advantages including the improvement of traffic congestion and lowering of carbon footprint are far more noteworthy since it has positive impacts on the wider population. It is advisable that individuals should follow this practice to improve air quality and their own health. (Word count: 309) TOPIC 5: BUSINESS QUESTION LIST 1. 20/11/2021 Question: Some people think that big companies should provide sports and social facilities for the local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. 27/11/2021 Question: Nowadays, a lot of offices have open-space design instead of separate rooms. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 3. 12/12/2021 Question: To succeed in business, one needs to know math. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. 16/4/2022 Question: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization produce positive effects for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement. 5. 07/05/2022 Question: Any country should be able to sell goods to other countries without the restrictions of the government. Do you agree or disagree? 6. 29/10/2022 Question: As well as making money, businesses should also have social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 7. 22/04/2023 Question: Supermarkets and manufacturers have a responsibility to reduce the amount of packaging. Others believe that it is the consumer’s responsibility to avoid products with packaging. Discuss both views and give your opinion? 8. 29/04/2023 Question: Many companies sponsor sports as a way to advertise themselves. Some think it is a positive trend, while others think there are disadvantages. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 20/11/2021 Question: Some people think that big companies should provide sports and social facilities for the local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Strengthen communal bonds Tăng cường mối quan hệ cộng đồng In a positive light Dưới một lăng kính tích cực Beset with professional duties Bao quanh bởi trách nhiệm công việc Communal activities Hoạt động cộng đồng The appropriate setting Điều kiện phù hợp Communal house Ngôi nhà cộng đồng The local denizens Cư dân bản địa Festive events or recreational activities Sự kiện lễ hội hoặc hoạt động giải trí Provision of communal facilities Sự cung cấp của cơ sở vật chất cho cộng đồng A positive image Một hình ảnh đẹp/tích cực Giving back to the community Trả lại cho cộng đồng (mang nghĩa trả ơn) Corporate responsibility Trách nhiệm của công ty Purchasing the company’s products in droves Mua hàng loạt sản phẩm của công ty EXAMPLE There have been calls for large corporations to build sports and social facilities for the local communities where they operate. In my view, I would agree on the grounds that these facilities can strengthen communal bonds and promote a company’s image in a positive light. Firstly, as most people are increasingly beset with professional and familial duties, they often lack the time to participate in communal activities and forge meaningful connections with one another. By constructing sports and social facilities, these companies can grant these people the appropriate setting for them to participate in common activities. This is evident in cities well-known for quality of life such as Hanoi where most of the parks there have been built by Vinaconex, one of the largest companies in Vietnam. Hence, most of the local denizens are able to engage in conversation with each other and forge new relationships during holiday seasons or through recreational activities held in those parks. Secondly, the provision of communal facilities can create a positive image of the sponsoring companies. These facilities promulgate a sense that the sponsors are giving back to the community and fulfilling public promises of social responsibility. This can therefore build trust between these large companies and the local people. To cite one instance, Nostrand Ltd., a latex manufacturer based in upstate New York, provided funding for local sports centers in various towns across the state, enabling their citizens to engage in various community-based sports. A by-product of this act is residents there now appreciate the brand and purchase the company’s products at a higher rate. In conclusion, large companies should be encouraged to provide sports and social facilities for local communities as they can help strengthen communal bonds and promote their brand. Such facilities will continue to flourish in the near future because of these decided benefits. (Word count: 304) 2. 27/11/2021 Question: Nowadays, a lot of offices have open-space design instead of separate rooms. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT In lieu of Thay vì Heighten the level of distraction Nâng cao mức độ mất tập trung The fostering of closer collaboration among colleagues Thúc đẩy sự hợp tác chặt chẽ hơn giữa các đồng nghiệp To congregate Tụ họp, họp nhóm To lose focus and engagement in their work Mất tập trung và mất sự kết nối với công việc của họ Various pathogens Nhiều mầm bệnh khác nhau Ample opportunity Nhiều cơ hội Potential rate of infection Tỷ lệ lây nhiễm tiềm năng Increased absences from work Gia tăng tỉ lệ vắng mặt/nghỉ làm Engender better social relations Tạo ra các mối quan hệ xã hội tốt hơn Construction and utility expenses Chi phí xây dựng và chi phí tiện ích Fosters greater inclusion Thúc đẩy sự hòa nhập nhiều hơn Thrive on innovation Phát triển nhờ sự đổi mới EXAMPLE Many modern offices are now adopting open spaces in lieu of separate working areas for employees. While some would say that such a setting can heighten the level of distraction as well as pose risks to employees’ health, I contend that the fostering of closer collaboration among colleagues and reducing costs outweigh the disadvantages. Open-space offices can result in more distractions which consequently affect productivity and health. Owing to a lack of private space, employees often have to contend with distractions, such as nearby conversations and co-workers congregating. These diversions may cause them to lose focus and engagement in their work. Furthermore, employees can potentially suffer from poorer health in an open-space office. As they are situated closer together, it gives various pathogens ample opportunity to spread and maximise the potential rate of infection. This can lead to increased absences from work, which in turn may negatively affect overall productivity. However, open-space offices engender better social relations and cost less. Having an open office can reduce construction and utility expenses as well as the need for office equipment. All employees can share equipment and resources such as printers and stationery. Open-space offices can also engender closer communication and teamwork between workers. Such an environment makes it easier for them to exchange ideas and fosters greater inclusion. Since most businesses thrive on innovation, having all employees in a single space can help those ideas to flow faster and get everyone involved in the process. In conclusion, despite the disadvantages related to loss of concentration and adverse risks to health, I would assert these are outweighed by how such a setup can stimulate closer collaboration between employees and reduce costs. In the near future, it is likely offices with separate rooms will completely be phased out in favour of open offices. (Word count: 299) 3. 12/12/2021 Question: To succeed in business, one needs to know math. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Facilitate sth Tạo điều kiện cho/Làm cái gì trở nên dễ dàng Lay a firm foundation Tạo một nền móng vững chãi Evidence-based decision Quyết định dựa trên bằng chứng Biased decision Quyết định thiên kiến Gut feeling Linh cảm, trực giác Statistical model Mô hình thống kê Fast-moving consumer goods Nhóm hàng tiêu dùng nhanh Collective success Thành công chung của tập thể Fast-moving consumer goods Nhóm hàng tiêu dùng nhanh Billion-dollar enterprise Doanh nghiệp tỷ đô Entrepreneur Doanh nhân Collective success Thành công chung của tập thể Rational calculations Những tính toán dựa trên lý trí EXAMPLE Many people regard math skills as a key factor to achieve success in business as it facilitates the decision making process. However, I believe it is only one out of various factors that contribute to business success and therefore non-essential. On the one hand, math enables key people to make better decisions. One application of business mathematics is to provide statistics that can predict future scenarios. These predictions might lay a firm foundation for more informed and evidence-based decisions, replacing biased ones based on managers’ gut feelings. For decades, Unilever has utilised a statistical model that can forecast the supply and demand of fast-moving consumer goods, allowing the company leaders to promptly plan production and sales of each product category. On the other hand, I believe that one can run a business successfully without excellent math skills. In fact, many entrepreneurs have built billion-dollar enterprises thanks to great personal qualities. A good example in this case is Nguyen Thanh Duc, the chairman of NTD Group. He was known to be a disruptive student that failed almost all school subjects including math, yet he rose to become an inspirational leader who could motivate his employees to strive to gain collective success for the corporation. In addition, his success is attributed to the courage to take the risks that rational calculations, such as those that guide Unilever, would rule out. As these leadership qualities concurred with a good fortune, his startup has evolved into a multinational business empire, becoming market leaders in many industries including real estate, fishery and forestry. In conclusion, although statistical math could help make better decisions, I am of the opinion that risk taking, inspirational personality traits and luck are crucial to drive an enterprise to success. That is why business schools should focus more on honoring interpersonal skills including leadership and communication. (Word Count: 305) 4. 16/4/2022 Question: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization produce positive effects for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Global corporations and internationalization Các tập đoàn toàn cầu và quốc tế hóa Bring more job opportunities Mang lại nhiều cơ hội việc làm hơn Cross-cultural communication skills Những kỹ năng giao tiếp đa văn hóa Be offered a decent occupation with lucrative incomes Được mời một công việc tốt với thu nhập cao Cross-cultural diversity Sự đa dạng văn hóa Tackle the high unemployment rate Giải quyết tỷ lệ thất nghiệp cao Develop multi-cultural communication skills Phát triển kỹ năng giao tiếp đa văn hóa Show their empathy Thể hiện sự đồng cảm của họ Tolerate cultural differences Chấp nhận những sự khác biệt văn hóa Diversify investment portfolios Đa dạng hóa danh mục đầu tư EXAMPLE It is argued that the proliferation of global corporations and internationalization offers benefits to all people. I strongly agree with the aforementioned statement because of reasons relating to a higher level of employment and enhanced cross-cultural communication skills. One legitimate reason to support this trend is that it brings more job opportunities for local people. Since international firms, which open their branches in different countries, require a high level of workforce, they will need to recruit more local employees to operate the business. As a result, the natives are offered a decent occupation with lucrative incomes to cover their living expenses and in some cases, spend more generously on their shopping. For example, Samsung, a renowned Korean technology corporation, has created a large number of jobs for Vietnamese since 2018, through cooperating with the local government to successfully tackle the high unemployment rate in Vietnam. Another major aspect is that people have a chance to develop multi-cultural communication skills as globalization is promoted. On a personal level, it is now easy for workers to learn about foreign cultures and customs, enabling them to acquire more knowledge and insight into varying international practices. As they are exposed to crosscultural diversity in their working environment and society, they would become more able to show their empathy and tolerate cultural differences. At the company level, globalization leads to a more diverse range of potential business partners and diversifies their investment portfolios, which contributes to their profit generation. Therefore, having global partnerships is essential for businesses to compete in the growing international market. In conclusion, I firmly believe that this trend is a positive development for every individual since it offers more jobs in local areas and stimulates better cross-cultural communication. Therefore, the government should encourage the process of globalization and multinational companies setting up in their countries. (Word count: 304) 5. 07/05/2022 Question: Any country should be able to sell goods to other countries without the restrictions of the government. Do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The potential dissemination of diseases Khả năng lây lan bệnh dịch Undergo a thorough inspection Trải qua một cuộc kiểm tra kỹ lưỡng Receive one’s approvals Nhận được sự chấp thuận của ai Be transmitted domestically Được truyền trong nước The prosperity of local businesses Sự thịnh vượng của các doanh nghiệp địa phương Face fierce competition Đối mặt với sự cạnh tranh khốc liệt Show little preference for Ít ưa thích Make timely changes Thực hiện những thay đổi kịp thời Yield little profits Mang lại ít lợi nhuận The possible global spread of infections Khả năng lây lan toàn cầu của các bệnh lây nhiễm EXAMPLE It is argued that all nations should have a right to export any products to different parts of the world without governmental interference. I totally disagree with this notion due to the potential dissemination of diseases and the negative influence on the development of local products. The first and foremost disadvantage of enabling countries to distribute their products globally with no governmental control is the spread of diseases. More specifically, as a variety of goods are imported into a certain country, numerous dangerous fungi or contagious viruses can be transferred along. If the importing of these commodities does not undergo a thorough inspection by the authorities and receive their approvals, such harmful microorganisms may be transmitted domestically, posing a threat to human health. A case in point is the plague in England in AD 541. Due to the transporting of some animals such as rabbits from overseas, a bacterium causing this disease was delivered into this country, leading to thousands of deaths. Secondly, I note that this practice will adversely impact the prosperity of local businesses. This is because they have to face fierce competition in the national market as a wide range of products originating from different nations offers local consumers an abundance of choices. In other words, people may show little preference for locally–made products since they can buy those made internationally with a greater range of designs and cheaper prices. If local enterprises do not make any timely changes to meet consumers’ demand, they would likely yield little profits or even collapse. Therefore, governmental supervision should be tightened to ensure that certain products are not sold to cater to the benefits of local firms. In conclusion, I firmly believe that this proposal is a negative development owing to the possible global spread of infections and the potential risk to the success of local businesses. Therefore, it is advisable that the government impose strict control on the export and import of global commodities. (Word count: 325) 6. 29/10/2022 Question: As well as making money, businesses should also have social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Undertake social duties Đảm nhận các nhiệm vụ xã hội Raise their public image Nâng cao hình ảnh công khai của họ Entice higher-quality employees Thu hút nhân viên chất lượng cao hơn An in-house survey Một cuộc khảo sát nội bộ Gain acknowledgement from the community Đạt được sự thừa nhận từ cộng đồng Receive greater support Nhận được sự hỗ trợ lớn hơn Raise their sales Nâng cao doanh số bán hàng của họ Further develop their franchise Phát triển hơn nữa kinh doanh của họ Allure more people to work Thu hút nhiều người làm việc hơn Promote their brand image Thúc đẩy hình ảnh thương hiệu của họ Ensure their sustainable growth Đảm bảo sự tăng trưởng bền vững của họ EXAMPLE It is argued that enterprises should undertake social duties in addition to making profits. I completely agree with this viewpoint since they can attract more employees and raise their public image. The first justification for my agreement is that taking social responsibility can enable firms to entice higher-quality employees. More specifically, qualified staff tend to favor companies that are famous for being socially responsible as the way they treat society potentially reflects the way they treat their workers. In other words, they might consider that their efforts and dedication to their jobs would be appreciated. To illustrate, Vingroup, a Vietnamese corporation which often allocates huge financial resources for charity work in the community, appeals to numerous workers. According to an in-house survey, one of the main reasons behind their choice to work for it is that it is praised for caring for society. Another reason why I agree that businesses should undertake their responsibility towards society is that this can boost their image to the public. More specifically, by willingly cooperating with local authorities and inhabitants in preserving the environment or fulfilling other civic duties, they can gain acknowledgement from the community and potentially receive greater support from local people in their commercial activities. For instance, American big-box retailer Target Corp is well known for its social responsibility programs such as donating money to local communities in the form of education grants. As a result, they are given enormous favour from local people, enabling them to raise their sales and further develop their franchise. In conclusion, I strongly advocate the idea that corporations should be accountable to society as it can allure more people to work for them and promote their brand image. It is advisable that companies engage in social activities to ensure their sustainable growth. (World count: 297) 7. 22/04/2023 Question: Supermarkets and manufacturers have a responsibility to reduce the amount of packaging. Others believe that it is the consumer’s responsibility to avoid products with packaging. Discuss both views and give your opinion? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Major retailers Các nhà bán lẻ lớn Onus Trách nhiệm Unnecessary wrapping Đóng gói không cần thiết Environmentally conscious consumers Người tiêu dùng có ý thức về môi trường Act as a deterrent to Hành động như một biện pháp ngăn chặn Non-ecofriendly products Sản phẩm không thân thiện với môi trường Eco-friendly casings Vỏ bọc thân thiện với môi trường Boycott Tẩy chay Heavily packaged Đóng gói nặng nề Simplify packaging Đơn giản hóa bao bì Innovative packaging designs Thiết kế bao bì sáng tạo Compromising the product’s quality or safety Ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng hoặc độ an toàn của sản phẩm Minimal packaging Bao bì tối thiểu EXAMPLE While some argue that major retailers and producers are accountable for the reduction in packaging, other people contend that the onus is on consumers who should avoid products with unnecessary wrapping. The essay will elaborate on both perspectives and the reasons why I lean towards the former. On the one hand, individuals should be environmentally conscious consumers by not opting for products that contain too much packaging to some extent. The first reason is that it can act as a deterrent to the production of non-ecofriendly products. More specifically, as they favour eco-friendly casings and boycott environmentally harmful ones, the low sales figures of the latter can discourage manufacturers to continue producing them and turn to produce the former instead. Furthermore, consumers are heavily reliant on social media and reviews now when choosing products, so if they actively promote products with less packaging, or in contrast, give negative ratings online to those heavily packaged, then that would be very effective. On the other hand, manufacturers and supermarkets should be responsible for the declining volume of packaging for several reasons. Chief of these is that producers can simplify packaging. To be more specific, they can utilize innovative packaging designs that use less materials without compromising the product’s quality or safety. This practice can reduce the amount of materials used, making it easier for consumers to handle and dispose of. Another appealing justification is that supermarkets can select products with minimal packaging or packaging made from sustainable materials. To illustrate, they can set requirements for the packaging used by the products they sell, such as mandating the use of recyclable materials or setting limits on the amount of packaging allowed per product. In conclusion, both viewpoints have their own valid arguments, however, I am of the opinion that supermarkets and producers should bear the responsibility for reducing the amount of packaging since they can make packaging simpler and choose goods with little packaging or sustainable materials. It is advisable that manufacturers should implement these measures to promote environmental awareness among citizens. (Word count: 339) 8. 29/04/2023 Question: Many companies sponsor sports as a way to advertise themselves. Some think it is a positive trend, while others think there are disadvantages. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT A leading beverage brand Thương hiệu nước giải khát hàng đầu Football tournaments Giải đấu bóng đá Damaging effects Những nh hưởng tiêu cực Overall event experience Excessive promotion of sponsors' images Interrupt live broadcasts of these events Kinh nghiệm sự kiện tổng thể Quảng cáo quá mức hình ảnh của nhà tài trợ Làm gián đoạn chương trình phát sóng trực tiếp của các sự kiện này The purchase of new equipment Việc mua thiết bị mới Payment of staff at venues Thanh toán cho nhân viên tại các địa điểm Revenue Doanh thu Create more job prospects for the public Tạo ra nhiều triển vọng việc làm hơn cho công chúng A sporting-focused nation Một quốc gia tập trung vào thể thao Premier facilities Cơ sở vật chất hàng đầu Issue necessary legal frameworks and regulations Ban hành các khung pháp lý và quy định cần thiết EXAMPLE While many advocate the trend of corporations funding sports activities, others are strongly opposed to this sponsorship. This essay will elaborate on both perspectives and the reasons why I lean towards the former. On the one hand, some people disapprove of advertising in sports. Their main rationale is that companies may promote products that are harmful to the public. For example, Budweiser, a leading beverage brand, has sponsored football tournaments around the world to encourage the consumption of alcohol, despite scientific evidence on the damaging effects of alcohol on drinkers' health. Furthermore, the prevalence of advertisements during sporting events may negatively affect the overall event experience. Excessive promotion of sponsors' images can overshadow those of great athletes, and numerous TV ads can frequently interrupt live broadcasts of these events, leading to a decline in the viewing experience. On the other hand, there are those who argue that the merits of sports sponsorship outweigh the potential disadvantages mentioned above. For sports development, it provides essential funding for the purchase of new equipment, payment of staff at venues, and athletes' salaries. Additionally, it can fund campaigns that promote the benefits of physical activities, contributing to the overall growth of sports. For businesses, sponsoring sporting events is an excellent opportunity to boost sales of their products. This increased revenue, in turn, can be invested in the development of innovative goods and services that effectively address consumers' problems, as well as to expand their business, creating more job prospects for the public. Thus, it is clear that this practice is beneficial to everyone in society. In conclusion, although sports sponsorship might potentially lead to the promotion of harmful products or a reduced experience of sports events, I believe it can significantly contribute to the development of both sports and businesses. This is because more people benefit from the enjoyment and improved well-being of a sporting-focused nation with premier facilities, compared with those that are negatively impacted by the association with harmful products. Therefore, governments should issue necessary legal frameworks and regulations, including the restriction of tobacco and alcohol promotion, for this win-win partnership to thrive. (Word count: 339) TOPIC 6: ENTERTAINMENT QUESTION LIST 1. 21/11/2020 Question: Some think that all entertainment TV programmes should educate people about the importance of social issues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?? 2. 19/12/2020 Question: In some countries, only few young people go to classical music concerts or play classical music. Why is it happening? Should young people be encouraged to attend and learn more? 3. 11/09/2021 Question: Not many young people in countries around the world go to and enjoy concerts and plays. Why is this the case? Should they be encouraged to attend? 4. 11/06/2022 Question: Pop stars earn much more than classical music performers. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 5. 08/10/2022 Question: The most important function of music is that it helps people reduce stress. To what extent do you agree/ disagree? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 21/11/2020 Question: Some think that all entertainment TV programmes should educate people about the importance of social issues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Societal problems Các vấn đề xã hội Be of help Có ích Popularity (n) Sự phổ biến Segment (n) Phân đoạn Plight (n) Cảnh ngộ, hoàn cảnh Direct attention to sb/sth Hướng sự chú ý đến ai/cái gì Raising awareness Nâng cao nhận thức Unwind (v) Thư giãn Hostile attitude Thái độ thù ghét Weigh down sb/sth (ph.v) Khiến ai/cái gì thấy nặng nề Alleviate (v) Làm nhẹ đi Interference (n) Sự làm phiền Counterproductive (adj) Phản tác dụng EXAMPLE It is sometimes suggested that every entertainment program shown on TV could be used as a vehicle to highlight the importance of societal problems. Although these shows might have a large audience, I believe an attempt to educate these specific viewers is unlikely to succeed. On the one hand, it seems logical that these TV shows might be of help due to their relative popularity. For example, the live recording of the Vietnamese Rap Battle final night reached a record audience of 1 million TV viewers and subsequently achieved 10 million views on Youtube in its first 24 hours. If this show had contained a segment focusing on one or more social issues, such as the plight of those dealing with the floods in central Vietnam, this information might have reached millions, directing public attention to this campaign, potentially encouraging many to donate. Nevertheless, I contend that raising awareness of social problems through entertainment programmes is ineffective because of two main reasons. Firstly, most audience members simply seek to unwind after working or studying, so they would rather be entertained by fun easy laughs than be weighed down by complicated issues such as climate change that might add stress rather than alleviate it. Any messages delivered, therefore, will likely to be ignored, leaving no significant effect. Worse still, some viewers might feel annoyed, having a hostile attitude towards the campaigns behind the unwelcomed interference, which could make these efforts counterproductive. In conclusion, the popularity of entertainment shows enables important issues to attract greater public attention, but I am of the opinion that key messages would not be effective and could turn people off. Alternatively, campaigners should use social network sites such as Facebook with advanced tools to reach their target audience for greater effect. (Word count: 294) 2. 19/12/2020 Question: In some countries, only few young people go to classical music concerts or play classical music. Why is it happening? Should young people be encouraged to attend and learn more? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Elitist nature of sth Phẩm chất tinh hoa của một cái gì A classical orchestra Một dàn nhạc cổ điển Sophisticated (adj) Tinh vi, tinh túy A keen music perception Khả năng cảm thụ âm nhạc tốt Years of intensive training Nhiều năm đào tạo chuyên sâu Attention span Khoảng thời gian tập trung Infrequent practice Luyện tập không thường xuyên Excel at doing sth Thành thạo trong việc gì Boost creativity and concentration Tăng sức sáng tạo và độ tập trung Classical performance Màn trình diễn nhạc cổ điển A symphony (n) Một bản nhạc giao hưởng Be of paramount importance Có tầm quan trọng hàng đầu Perceive (v) Lĩnh hội, hiểu được EXAMPLE It is true that youngsters have little preference for classical music in some parts of the world. This could be explained by the elitist nature of the genre itself; however, I contend that young people should be motivated to go to live concerts or play a classical instrument as these would help them to be more creative and attentive. To begin with, young listeners are generally unfamiliar with classical music mainly because it seems to be too challenging for them to comprehend complex masterpieces or to be a part of a classical orchestra. Indeed, this genre is naturally sophisticated, which usually demands its audiences to have a keen musical perception and life experience, which are less common among teenagers. Meanwhile, it takes years of intensive training for one to perform just the intro of “Nocturne” by Chopin, whereas a complete beginner only needs a few months of infrequent practice to excel at covering mainstream songs from Justin Bieber or Taylor Swift. These factors are the reason why most young people are in favour of simpler types of music such as Pop or R&B. Nevertheless, classical music should be made popular among youngsters as it has been scientifically proven to boost creativity and concentration. Brain scanning has revealed that classical performances ignite various parts of the brain, of which many are linked with enhanced imagination and creative thinking. In an experiment carried out in an Australian university, students who can play symphonies composed by Beethoven or Mozart tend to have a longer attention span of about 30 minutes compared to only 7 minutes of other students. It seems obvious to me that these benefits are of paramount importance and would help classical music lovers to gain an advantage in their study and work. In conclusion, although classical music might be hard to perceive or play, its merits including boosted creativity and improved focus have convinced me that youngsters definitely should attend more classical concerts and classes. To encourage them, schools and other educational institutions could invite famous musicians to perform on special occasions and share their passion for this worthy musical genre. (Word count: 351) 3. 11/09/2021 Question: Not many young people in countries around the world go to and enjoy concerts and plays. Why is this the case? Should they be encouraged to attend? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Popularization of shorter forms of entertainment Sự phổ biến của các phương thức giải trí ngắn hơn Momentarily release stress Giải tỏa căng thẳng trong giây lát Dwindling attendance rate Tỷ lệ tham gia suy giảm (từng chút một) Proliferation Sự phát triển/gia tăng mạnh mẽ Short attention span Khả năng tập trung vào một thứ gì đó chỉ trong một thời gian ngắn To devote attention to sth Tập trung sự chú ý vào một cái gì đó Easily distracted Dễ mất tập trung Long-winded events Kéo dài, nhàm chán Scientific evidence to support this notion Bằng chứng khoa học để ủng hộ ý tưởng này Hormone Nội tiết tố Cortisol levels Nồng độ cortisol trong cơ thể (đây là một hormone gây căng thẳng) To make an effort to do sth Cố gắng làm một điều gì đó EXAMPLE Recently, the attendance rate for concerts and plays is declining among young people. This can be attributed to the popularization of shorter forms of entertainment. However, I think young people should still be encouraged to attend as such events can allow them to momentarily release stress. As stated before, the main reason for the dwindling attendance rate of concerts and plays among young people is the proliferation of shorter and more modern forms of entertainment. As most plays and concerts last for 2 to 3 hours, it can be hard for young people to devote their attention to them since they are easily distracted. Hence most have turned their focus to shorter forms of entertainment such as YouTube and TikTok videos. For example, a typical concert usually lasts for two and a half hours whereas videos on those social platforms typically run from 10 seconds to a minute. As a result, younger generations often do not find such long-winded events appealing. Despite this, young people should still be motivated to attend concerts and plays as doing so can help them to reduce stress. There is scientific evidence to support this notion as psychologists have found that watching a musical or dramatic performance can reduce cortisol levels in the body, which is a hormone known to cause feelings of stress and anxiety. As a result, audience members feel more relaxed and are less likely to worry about the pressure brought on by their hectic working schedule. It is clear from this evidence that the case for attending concerts and plays is rather strong. In conclusion, the low attendance for concerts and plays among young people is due to the introduction of shorter forms of entertainment. However, I contend that they should still make an effort to attend these types of events as they can help to reduce stress levels. (Word count: 308) 4. 11/06/2022 Question: Pop stars earn much more than classical music performers. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Earn a fortune Kiếm được rất nhiều tiền Undergo years of intensive training Trải qua nhiều năm đào tạo chuyên sâu On equal footing to Ngang hàng với Contemporary mainstream singers Ca sĩ nhạc đương đại Propagate a false notion Tuyên truyền một quan niệm sai lầm Have a short-lived career Có một sự nghiệp ngắn ngủi Remain at the peak of their career Ở đỉnh cao sự nghiệp của họ Replaced by newcomers Được thay thế bởi những những người mới Keep their name known by the public Giữ cho tên của họ được biết đến bởi công chúng Build up and retain the image Xây dựng và giữ vững hình ảnh EXAMPLE It is true that artists who perform pop music can earn significantly more money than those performing classical music. While some argue that it is fair for them to earn a fortune; others contend that this is unjustified. This essay will analyze both viewpoints and the reasons why I advocate for the former. On the one hand, this tendency is believed to be unjust for two reasons. The first is the hard work of classical music performers. In other words, they have to undergo years of intensive training to be proficient in playing classic instruments and performing live on stage, thus they deserve to be paid higher or at the very least on equal footing to contemporary mainstream singers. Moreover, it can propagate a false notion that pop music artists are more talented. More specifically, they would likely be considered to possess superior musical skills and knowledge than those who perform classical music even though they both should be valued due to their certain contributions to a country’s musical industry. On the other hand, opponents consider it is legitimate for pop stars to earn more money than professionals focusing on the classical genre. Their main justification is they have a short-lived career. Compared to classical music artists who can pursue a long career path as their skills and experience are more appreciated than their attractive appearance, pop stars can only remain at the peak of their career for a certain period of time and easily be replaced by newcomers. Furthermore, it is justifiable for them to earn a lot of money as they have to spend significantly on marketing to keep their name known by the public. For example, Son Tung MTP, a Vietnamese pop star, expended a fortune on clothes and marketing to build up and retain the image of being trendy and stylish to attract his audiences; therefore, he should be given a high income to afford such expenditure. In conclusion, although both sides have their own merits, I believe that pop artists well deserve a higher income than classical music performers considering their short-lived careers and the expenses they bear. It is predicted that more people will exert themselves to become pop stars in the future to enjoy a luxurious and wealthy lifestyle. (Word count: 374) 5. 08/10/2022 Question: The most important function of music is that it helps people reduce stress. To what extent do you agree/ disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Boost one’s brain growth Thúc đẩy sự phát triển não bộ của một người Enhance social interactions Tăng cường tương tác xã hội Devise more innovative solutions Đưa ra các giải pháp sáng tạo hơn Slow cognitive decline Làm chậm sự suy giảm nhận thức Dementia Sa sút trí tuệ Stress reduction Sự giảm căng thẳng Share the same taste in music Chia sẻ cùng một sở thích về âm nhạc Musical perceptions Nhận thức âm nhạc Widen their circle of relationships Mở rộng mối quan hệ của họ Long-lasting bonds Mối quan hệ lâu dài EXAMPLE It is stated that relieving people’s stress is the most vital impact of music. I completely disagree with this notion since it is just as significantly utilized to boost one’s brain growth and enhance social interactions. The first justification for my disagreement is that music is more vital for stimulating brain development. More specifically, it is believed to promote people’s ability to be creative. According to a recent study by an Australian university, those who often listen to music or play musical instruments can devise more innovative solutions to the same problems they are assigned as others. In addition, music can be beneficial to people’s memory. This is because it is scientifically proven to slow cognitive decline, leading to it being widely used to treat people with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Furthermore, a more significant benefit of music than stress reduction is stronger social connections. This can be explained by the fact that musical concerts and shows have attracted numerous spectators to share the same taste in music. By participating in these events, people are offered chances to interact with others and exchange their ideas to express their own musical perceptions. As a result, they would likely widen their circle of relationships by making friends with like-minded people, paving the way for long-lasting bonds in their personal lives. In conclusion, I strongly oppose the idea that the most pivotal role of music in people’s lives is to ease stress because other decisive impacts are to give rise to their creativity and social interactions. It is advisable that people use music in various fields to increase productivity at work and improve their well-being. (World count: 275) TOPIC 7: SPORTS QUESTION LIST 1. 09/01/2021 Question: Some people think that hosting international sports events is good for the country, while some people think it is bad. Discuss both views and state your opinion. 2. 05/06/2021 Question: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 3. 19/06/2021 Question: Some people believe that sport has an important role in society. Others, however, think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 4. 17/07/2021 Question: Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has a negative impact on sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5. 10/12/2022 Question: Some people believe that success in sports depends on physical ability. But some people believe there are many factors that contribute to success at sports. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 6. 07/01/2023 Question: Some countries achieve international success by building specialized facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can use. Is it a positive or negative development? 7. 04/02/2023 Question: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 09/01/2021 Question: Some people think that hosting international sports events is good for the country, while some people think it is bad. Discuss both views and state your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Take the opportunity to boost tourism Tận dụng cơ hội để thúc đẩy du lịch Gain global exposure Được cả thế giới biết đến Revitalise Làm hồi sinh cái gì Indoor athletics arenas Cung thi đấu thể thao trong nhà International sporting games Sự kiện thể thao quốc tế Attract a large array of Một số lượng lớn Proliferate the sales of products and services Tăng sức bán các sản phẩm và dịch vụ On a global stage Trên phạm vi toàn cầu Beautifully garnished Vietnamese dishes Các món ăn Việt Nam được trang trí đẹp mắt Made headlines Được lên báo, làm xôn xao dư luận Do wonders for Tạo nên điều kỳ diệu/lợi ích cho cái gì Come at the expense of Phải trả giá bằng các vấn đề trước mắt Spread the risk Phân tán bớt rủi ro EXAMPLE International sporting events have become increasingly common in recent decades. While some people reckon that host countries might have to deal with a sudden surge in crime or involve themselves in an exhausting preparation process, more importantly I believe they can take the opportunity to boost tourism. To begin with, although events such as these are a great opportunity for countries to gain global exposure, there are present significant challenges. Firstly, records have shown that there is a twofold increase in crimes such as prostitution and petty theft when a country organises an event such as the World Cup or the Olympics. Furthermore, the process of preparing for these events is often demanding. For the World Cup 2014, it took Brazil five years to revitalise its cities and construct various facilities including stadiums and indoor athletics arenas to meet the world-class standard set by FIFA. On the other hand, I am of the opinion that international sporting games can potentially stimulate the tourism sector. By being the host, a country is able to attract a large array of athletes and their supporters from all around the world. This sudden increase in visitors will likely proliferate the sales of products and services such as accommodation and transportation within the period of the events. In the longer term, it is a great chance for the host nations to promote their culture on a global stage. For example, since the pictures of beautifully garnished Vietnamese dishes made headlines during the SEA Games in 2003, Vietnam has been branded as the “Kitchen of the world” and a must visit destination for global food lovers. This obviously does wonders for the Vietnamese economy. In conclusion, although sports events come at the expense of a few immediate problems, the benefits of boosted gross sales and cultural promotion are of greater significance. In my opinion, host nations can also consider the option of sharing an event with a neighboring country to spread the risk and still enjoy the lucrative long-term benefits. (Word count: 335) 2. 05/06/2021 Question: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Extreme sports Thể thao mạo hiểm Legitimate potential benefits Lợi ích tiềm năng và hợp pháp Extremities Tay chân/tứ chi Shortage of food supplies Sự thiếu hụt nguồn thức ăn Large-scale rescues Cuộc giải cứu quy mô lớn Costly operation Hoạt động tốn kém Renowned personnel Nhân sự/nhân lực có danh tiếng Complete ban Luật cấm hoàn toàn Prohibit Cấm Adventure games Trò chơi phiêu lưu EXAMPLE Extreme sports such as rock climbing or cave diving have gained an increasing popularity in recent years. Despite legitimate potential benefits they might offer, I am completely for a ban of these sports considering historic damages to both players and state budget. The main disadvantage for participants is that it puts their health at risk. Although protective equipment and training courses have improved in recent years to support extreme athletes, a high number of cases of severe injuries and deaths are reported every year relative to other sports. According to a report by the Joint Hamalyan Committee, there have been about a hundred climbers and eight thousand others who have lost their lives on Mount Everest and at base camps respectively over the last 10 years, and thousands of other risk-takers have lost extremities such as fingers and toes due to extreme cold and shortage of food supplies during snowstorms. At a social level, national governments must bear the financial burden of large-scale rescues. Clear evidence of this comes from the costly operation to save twelve members of a junior Thai football team who were trapped in an underground cave in 2016 while participating in a cave diving competition. During the operation, the Thai government had to seek the assistance of not only Thai professional scuba divers but also deep-sea diving experts from France and Australia who were equipped with cutting-edge rescue technology. Though the team was successfully rescued, it cost the Thai government up to three million dollars to cover the expenses of such renowned personnel and expensive equipment. This cost could have been saved and spent on building schools or hospitals if dangerous cave diving had been previously banned in the country. In conclusion, due to the detrimental effects on the athletes and governments that extreme sports can cause, a complete ban of these games should be introduced. In my opinion, governments should immediately close all such sites and prohibit all adventure game organisers from operations. (Word count: 329) 3. 19/06/2021 Question: Some people believe that sport has an important role in society. Others, however, think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Draw much attention Thu hút nhiều sự chú ý Recreational activities Các hoạt động giải trí Local playgrounds Sân chơi địa phương Release pressure and tension Giải tỏa áp lực và căng thẳng Of little significance Ít quan trọng Bridged the gap Thu hẹp khoảng cách Pave the way for Tạo điều kiện cho cái gì đó xảy ra Embargo Cấm vận Indispensable part Một phần không thể thay thế An effective instrument Một công cụ hiệu quả Forge initial relationships Thiết lập các mối quan hệ ban đầu Hosting countries Nước chủ nhà EXAMPLE The importance of sports in society has recently drawn much attention. While many consider them purely to be recreational activities, I believe they can contribute to a more united world. On the one hand, there are many individuals who play sports purely for pleasure. A clear example in this case is the casual football matches after working hours in various countries including Vietnam. Participants usually gather at local playgrounds or parks, forming teams and joining amateur pick-up matches. Their motivation is simply to release pressure and tension in a healthy and controlled way, taking a break from their everyday responsibilities including both work and domestic tasks. Very few of them indeed have the intention to start a career in sports or to develop professional networks when playing. The results of these matches are also of little significance to their local communities. On the other hand, I am of the opinion that sports are vital in uniting nations. This can be seen in the case of the ping-pong matches that bridged the gap between the US and China in the early 1970s. This series of matches took place in the world table tennis championship in 1971 between players from each country, marking a thaw in pan-Pacific relations that paved the way for a visit to Beijing by a US president. Eventually, the US lifted the embargo on China, and both countries welcomed the resumption of more harmonious relations. This case is evidence that sports might play an indispensable part in easing tension and establishing relationships at an international level. In conclusion, although the role of sports might be underestimated by many people, I contend that they are an effective instrument to forge initial relationships between nations. Therefore, international sporting events such as the SEA Games or the Olympics should be better invested and prioritised by hosting countries. (Word count: 306) 4. 17/07/2021 Question: Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has a negative impact on sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Discourse Cuộc tranh luận Controversy Tranh cãi Exert a positive influence Tạo ra ảnh hưởng tích cực Sentiment Quan điểm Sedentary lifestyle Lối sống ít vận động Concerted effort Nỗ lực chung Aerodynamics Khí động học Passive lifestyles Lối sống thụ động Represent a present danger Đại diện cho một mối nguy hiểm hiện tại Substantial Đáng kể EXAMPLE The discourse regarding the impact of product advertising in sporting events has generated controversy in recent years. Some argue that corporations exert a positive influence on sports since they promote products that can encourage participation in sports. In my estimation, I do not agree with this sentiment since corporations promote products that enable a sedentary lifestyle. Admittedly, corporations can use these events to promote products that will encourage active lifestyles. To cite an example, during the 2014 World Cup, Adidas released the official tournament ball named ‘Brazuca’ and heavily promoted it on their social media accounts including Twitter and Instagram. The company made a concerted marketing effort to advertise the ball’s design, aerodynamics and production process. The marketing push behind ‘Brazuca’ during the 2014 World Cup actively encouraged viewers to buy the ball and it sold out in Adidas stores worldwide. This encouraged and continues to exert an influence on the exercise habits of millions around the world. This instance clearly illustrates the positive influence corporations can exert when promoting their products during sports events. However, corporations have more often been known to promote products during sports that precipitate passive lifestyles. For instance, McDonald’s was the official restaurant of the 2012 Olympics in London. During the event, they released an exclusively branded menu that included burgers, fries and milkshakes. According to a spokesman for the Academy of Royal Medical Colleges, the menu was recklessly unhealthy as the average calorie count for each item was over 900. When combined together to make a meal, the calorie count reached upwards to 3600, which is nearly twice the recommended intake for the average adult. Essentially, McDonald’s was promoting obesity in countries such as England where such a lifestyle is becoming more prevalent and represents a present danger to public health. In conclusion, while there have been instances of corporations having a positive influence on sports through the promotion of their products, the evidence to the contrary is more substantial. In the future, sporting event organizers should be more discriminatory in choosing sponsors, preferring preferably those with products that spread a meaningful message. (Word count: 349) 5. 10/12/2022 Question: Some people believe that success in sports depends on physical ability. But some people believe there are many factors that contribute to success at sports. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Physical talent Tài năng thể chất Physical prowess Sức mạnh thể chất Produce consistently outstanding results Tạo ra kết quả xuất sắc liên tục Track and field athletes Vận động viên điền kinh Stamina Sự bền bỉ Surpass their competitors Vượt qua đối thủ cạnh tranh của họ A perfect physique Một vóc dáng hoàn hảo Sports achievements Thành tích thể thao Mental toughness/strong mentality Tinh thần mạnh mẽ Consider their punches Xem xét cú đấm của họ Defend their body Bảo vệ cơ thể của họ EXAMPLE It is commonly argued that physical talent is the key factor to significant achievements in sports. However, others contend that different components can make a contribution to success in sports. The essay will elaborate on both sides of the debate before explaining why I am in favour of the latter. On the one hand, physical prowess plays the crucial role in achieving success in sports competitions. This is because sportspeople can produce consistently outstanding results in their performances when they are physically strong. For instance, track and field athletes who have incredible muscle strength and stamina can outpace and surpass their competitors, contributing to their victories in racing events. It is apparent that without a perfect physique, many athletes might give up in the middle of the tournament when they realize they cannot compete with the best and miss opportunities to break the record or become dominant. On the other hand, there are two other factors behind athletes’ sports achievements. The first one is their mental toughness. More specifically, they can overcome possible setbacks in their careers. To illustrate, Tuan Anh, a Vietnamese football player suffered from numerous leg injuries which prevented participation in any football matches for many years, but continued to practice everyday instead of giving up playing. Thanks to his strong mentality, he came back and gave excellent performances, being praised as the best Vietnamese football player in 2021. The second factor is the mastery of skills. This can be explained by the fact that many sports require a high skill level from participants. A case in point is boxing as two opponents have to be able to dance around a ring, carefully consider their punches and defend their body from incoming blows. In conclusion, although each perspective has its own merits, I am of the opinion that mental prowess and the acquisition of varied skills are more significant factors contributing to great achievements in sports. Therefore, it is advisable that apart from keeping themselves physically healthy, people should build their mental strength and enhance their skills to succeed in sports. (Word count: 345) 6. 07/01/2023 Question: Some countries achieve international success by building specialized facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can use. Is it a positive or negative development? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Global prestige Danh tiếng toàn cầu Constructing specific premises Xây dựng các tòa nhà cụ thể Upskill elite athletes Nâng cao kĩ năng của các vận động viên ưu tú Prosper Phát triển Facilitate their capacities Thúc đẩy năng lực của họ Outstanding sportspeople Vận động viên xuất chúng Maximise their potential Tối đa hóa tiềm năng của họ Give optimal performances Có sự thể hiện tốt nhất Establish football institutions Thành lập tổ chức bóng đá Providing community sports facilities Cung cấp các cơ sở thể thao cộng đồng A shortage of open areas Thiếu không gian mở An abundance of resources for free exercise Nhiều tài nguyên để tập thể dục miễn phí EXAMPLE It is observed that global prestige is achieved by constructing specific premises to upskill elite athletes in lieu of offering sports facilities for public use in some parts of the world. I believe that this has detrimental impacts on citizens, despite the fact that it can create favourite conditions for athletes to prosper. On the one hand, the erection of specialized facilities for training talented athletes can facilitate their capacities. This is because outstanding sportspeople can be given better chances to further improve themselves, enabling them to maximise their potential. Therefore, they can give optimal performances in global competitions and are more likely to achieve rewards and success in sports, making great contributions to national achievements in this field. For instance, the Vietnamese government provided funds to establish football institutions such as Hoang Anh Gia Lai to train and support children who have an innate ability. As a result, numerous young talented football players such as Xuan Truong and Tuan Anh were trained intensively and excelled in football matches, enhancing the position of Vietnam in international sports. On the other hand, this propensity can induce two noticeable drawbacks. Chief of these is that it adversely affects public health. More specifically, as the state budget is spent on building facilities for training top athletes in lieu of providing community sports facilities, there would be a shortage of open areas such as parks, gardens and squares which offer an abundance of resources for free exercise. Consequently, fewer places are offered for residents to exercise, potentially encouraging a sedentary lifestyle in the community and weakening citizens’ well-being. Another drawback is that it can trigger great dissatisfaction among citizens. As they pay taxes to enrich the government budget they may argue they deserve to receive free fitness equipment and spaces, and may feel discontent if the state funding is allocated to serve a small number of recipients only. In conclusion, although investing in specialized facilities for professional sports people only can enhance their performances and improve a nation’s standing, I maintain that its consequences including deteriorating public health and generating dissatisfaction among individuals in society are more significant. (Word count: 353) 7. 04/02/2023 Question: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Extreme sports/action sports Thể thao mạo hiểm Legitimate potential benefits Lợi ích tiềm năng và hợp pháp Protective equipment Thiết bị bảo hộ Training courses Khóa huấn luyện Extreme athletes Vận động viên mạo hiểm Lost their lives Mất mạng Extremities Tay chân/tứ chi Shortage of supply Sự thiếu hụt nguồn thức ăn Large-scale rescue Cuộc giải cứu quy mô lớn Renowned personnel Nhân sự/nhân lực có danh tiếng Prohibit Cấm (theo luật pháp) Adventure games Trò chơi mạo hiểm EXAMPLE Extreme sports such as rock climbing or cave diving have gained an increasing popularity in recent years. Despite legitimate potential benefits they might offer, I am completely for a ban of these sports considering historic damages to both players and state budget. The main disadvantage for participants is that it puts their health at risk. Although protective equipment and training courses have improved in recent years to support extreme athletes, a high number of cases of severe injuries and deaths are reported every year relative to other sports. According to a report by the Joint Hamalyan Committee, there have been about a hundred climbers and eight thousand others who have lost their lives on Mount Everest and at base camps respectively over the last 10 years, and thousands of other risk-takers have lost extremities such as fingers and toes due to extreme cold and shortage of food supplies during snowstorms. At a social level, national governments must bear the financial burden of large-scale rescues. Clear evidence of this comes from the costly operation to save twelve members of a junior Thai football team who were trapped in an underground cave in 2016 while participating in a cave diving competition. During the operation, the Thai government had to seek the assistance of not only Thai professional scuba divers but also deep-sea diving experts from France and Australia who were equipped with cutting-edge rescue technology. Though the team was successfully rescued, it cost the Thai government up to three million dollars to cover the expenses of such renowned personnel and expensive equipment. This cost could have been saved and spent on building schools or hospitals if dangerous cave diving had been previously banned in the country. In conclusion, due to the detrimental effects on the athletes and governments that extreme sports can cause, a complete ban of these games should be introduced. In my opinion, governments should immediately close all such sites and prohibit all adventure game organisers from operations. (Word count: 329) TOPIC 8: LANGUAGE QUESTION LIST 1. 09/10/2021 Question: Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. 13/10/2022 Question: Many people now use language in a less formal way than in the past. Why is that so? Does this development have more advantages or disadvantages? 3. 11/03/2023 Question: The advantages of the spread of English as a global language will continue to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 09/10/2021 Question: Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Compulsory component Thành phần bắt buộc Be exposed to new and diverse cultures Được tiếp xúc với văn hóa mới và đa dạng Conduct a typical conversation Cách trò chuyện thông thường Social fabric Kết cấu xã hội Be compelled to do sth bị ép làm điều gì đó Backlash from parents Phản ứng dữ dội từ phụ huynh Mandatory subject in a curriculum Môn học bắt buộc trong chương trình giảng dạy Oblige sb to do sth Ép ai đó làm điều gì đó Put an emphasis on sth Đặt trọng tâm lên một cái gì đó Lingua franca Ngôn ngữ cầu nối giữa hai người không nói cùng tiếng mẹ đẻ Linguistic similarities between their mother tongue and foreign languages Sự tương đồng về ngôn ngữ giữa tiếng mẹ đẻ và ngoại ngữ Bilingual people Những người nói được hai ngôn ngữ EXAMPLE Most schools globally include learning a foreign language as a compulsory component of their curriculum. However, I do not believe that students should be forced to learn a foreign language since it will unnecessarily add to the already enormous pressure students are currently facing with their schoolwork. Admittedly, one important benefit a student can gain in learning new languages is that they can be exposed to new and diverse cultures. As language is a defining characteristic of a nation’s culture, students can acquire a deeper understanding of how the citizens of that nation typically communicate with each other and by extension how their society operates culturally. For example, by learning French, students can form an impression of the way the French conduct a typical conversation in their language. Once they are fluent in French, they can begin to understand the social fabric of the country and how the language helps to hold it together. However, the argument that students should not be compelled to learn foreign languages is decidedly stronger. The biggest reason for this is it greatly contributes to the already significant volume of schoolwork. Since students are often subjected to a hectic teaching curriculum with mounting homework and in-class assignments, the addition of a foreign language as a core subject may make it even more difficult for students to study effectively. Recently, the Vietnamese Ministry of Education attempted to incorporate English into the national curriculum for elementary students. However, it was met with backlash from parents as they complained that their children are already burdened with a heavy workload from other subjects. In conclusion, I would assert that students should not be compelled to learn a foreign language since it will add unnecessary pressure to the growing levels of schoolwork they are currently facing. Instead, it is advisable that schools should make it optional to learn foreign languages and students should be encouraged to do so, not made to do it against their will. (Word count: 326) 2. 13/10/2022 Question: Many people now use language in a less formal way than in the past. Why is that so? Does this development have more advantages or disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT An inclination towards verbal communication Khuynh hướng giao tiếp bằng lời nói The proliferation of the Internet and mobile devices Sự phổ biến của Internet và các thiết bị di động Texting language Ngôn ngữ nhắn tin Abbreviated words Từ viết tắt Transition to Chuyển sang Relics of the past Di tích của quá khứ Critical negatives Tác động tiêu cực nổi bật Academic performances Kết quả học tập Standardized tests Các bài kiểm tra tiêu chuẩn hóa The validity of the document Tính hợp lệ của tài liệu EXAMPLE Recent decades have witnessed the growing use of informal language in a variety of contexts. This can be attributed to an inclination towards verbal communication and the prevalence of the Internet. I am more inclined to the view that the drawbacks, such as lower academic results and reduced formality in enterprises stemming from this tendency, are more significant. Firstly, there are two main reasons why informal language is increasingly preferred in the contemporary world. The first one is that many individuals today prefer spoken communication. Face-to-face conversations, which naturally involve more informal language, are more likely to be prioritized today since they are convenient and fast. Another explanation is that the proliferation of the Internet and mobile devices greatly reduces formal language use. Online, texting language often includes emojis, idioms, figures of speech, typos, and abbreviated words. As most businesses transition to online forms of communication including email and video calls, formal forms of language as in physical letters, have become relics of the past. However, the prevalence of informal language engenders two critical negatives. First and foremost, this development can adversely affect the academic performances of students. Many students today tend to utilize informal forms such as abbreviated words or slang in essays and assignments that require a greater level of formality. Consequently, their academic results are often lower on standardized tests, potentially affecting their overall learning progress. The second drawback is a possible lack of formality in business contexts. For instance, if a contract between two companies is written in an informal manner, it would not only appear unprofessional but it might also lead to legal challenges as to the validity of the document. In conclusion, more people use language in a less formal manner these days due to the convenience of oral communication and the advent of the Internet. Nevertheless, I am of the opinion that this trend has more downsides as it can pose a threat to learning outcomes and business dealings. (World count: 326) 3. 11/03/2023 Question: The advantages of the spread of English as a global language will continue to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The lingua franca Ngôn ngữ chung Facilitate smoother communication Tạo điều kiện giao tiếp tốt hơn The loss of linguistic diversity and cultural heritage Sự mất đi sự đa dạng ngôn ngữ và di sản văn hóa Preserve their native languages and cultures Bảo tồn ngôn ngữ và văn hóa bản địa của họ International trade Thương mại quốc tế Diplomacy Ngoại giao Be proficient in Thành thạo Mutual misunderstandings Hiểu lầm lẫn nhau Have a good command of Thông thạo, hiểu biết A high earning potential Tiềm năng thu nhập cao EXAMPLE It is argued that the benefits of English becoming the lingua franca are more significant than its drawbacks. Although this tendency can pose a threat to some minority languages, I mostly agree with this notion since it facilitates smoother communication and employment opportunities. Admittedly, the widespread use of English leads to the loss of linguistic diversity and cultural heritage. As more people learn and speak English, fewer people may be interested in preserving their native languages and cultures. A case in point is the language Ainu, spoken by the indigenous Ainu people of Japan, which is now critically endangered, with only a few hundred speakers remaining because of the popularity of English. In other words, these people have the focus on English learning and sacrifice the opportunity to continue education in Ainu language and even Japanese. Consequently, the traditional values delivered in the Ainu language such as singing in a chorus can disappear. Nevertheless, the first reason why I believe the propensity to utilize English as an international language is beneficial is because it can enhance communication among individuals. This is because this language can be easily spoken and understood around the world, making it easier for citizens from different countries and cultures to communicate with each other. This facilitates international trade, diplomacy and travel across the globe. For instance, being proficient in English enables those who travel to a foreign nation to converse with locals effectively and avoid potential conflicts triggered by mutual misunderstandings. Another justification for my agreement is that job opportunities can be widened. As English fluency is often a requirement for jobs in international business and the tech industry, having a good command of it enables people to acquire better employment opportunities with a high earning potential. To illustrate, a job candidate who is proficient in English has an advantage over others in the job market since businesses that have a global presence require their employees to converse with others in English. In conclusion, although I admit that the global expansion of the English language can trigger the extinction of some native languages, its merits including the enhancement of interpersonal communication and career opportunities are more substantial. It is advisable that people should improve their English skills and knowledge to be better prepared for their future. (Word count: 380) TOPIC 9: TECHNOLOGY QUESTION LIST 1. 30/10/2021 Question: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings. Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 2. 11/12/2021 Question: Internet access helps young people and workers achieve their education and work goals more easily than before. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 3. 10/09/2022 Question: Some people believe that technology causes more problems for modern society than it solves. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. 24/09/2022 Question: Some people say we do not need printed newspapers anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 5. 26/11/2022 Question: Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree? 6. 14/01/2023 Question: Video records are better to learn about the way other people in the world live than written documents. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 7. 18/02/2023 Question: Technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 8. 01/04/2023 Question: More and more people no longer read newspapers or watch TV programs to get news. They get news about the world through the Internet. Is this a positive or negative development? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 30/10/2021 Question: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings. Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Advent of artificial intelligence Sự phát triển của trí tuệ nhân tạo Advancements to computer technology Sự phát triển của công nghệ máy tính Lessen/curtail the need for sth Giảm nhu cầu cho một cái gì đó Error prone Dễ sai sót Make human labourers redundant Làm cho nhân công con người thừa thãi To be hampered by sth Bị cản trở bởi một cái gì đó Efficiency in their production process Sự hiệu quả trong quy trình sản xuất Self-checkout machines Máy thanh toán tự động Job opportunities for less skilled workers Cơ hội việc làm cho nhân công có trình độ thấp Programmed with algorithms Lập trình với thuật toán Margin of error Phạm vi sai số Facilitate business growth Tạo điều kiện cho doanh nghiệp phát triển EXAMPLE The advent of artificial intelligence has brought many advancements to computer technology and scientists predict that these computers may become more intelligent than human beings someday. While some warn that computers may eventually lessen the need for human workers, I still assert that this is a positive development overall considering how they are less error prone than humans. To begin with, the concern that computers will make human labourers redundant is valid to a degree. As they are not hampered by any physical or mental limits, they are able to rapidly undertake most tasks at a rate faster than humans. Realizing these advantages, many companies have begun to steadily replace human workers to improve efficiency in their production process. This can be seen in some convenience stores in developed nations where human cashiers have been replaced with self-checkout machines that aid customers in purchasing their items faster. Consequently, some see this as a negative development as it directly threatens job opportunities for less skilled workers. However, computers gaining more intelligence than humans may help reduce mistakes. As computers are programmed with algorithms to accomplish particular tasks repetitively, they are likely to make far fewer errors. Therefore, many companies utilize these machines to ensure a steady production of their goods while maintaining quality standards. This is evident with the use of sorting robots in the logistics industry in China. Machines there are tasked with precisely assigning items to their designated parcels and they can do this at a rate of 18,000 per hour with a much lower margin of error in comparison to that of humans. Thus, computers gaining superior intelligence over humans is a positive development as it improves product quality and facilitates business growth. In conclusion, despite the legitimate concerns related to computers curtailing the need for human workers, I contend that this phenomenon is a positive development since computers are less susceptible to errors generally. Once human beings are aware of the challenges computers pose, they can take action to control the risks presented by such disruptive technologies. (Word count: 341) 2. 11/12/2021 Question: Internet access helps young people and workers achieve their education and work goals more easily than before. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Improved educational and occupational ambitions Cải thiện tham vọng giáo dục và nghề nghiệp To quickly extract information Để nhanh chóng trích xuất thông tin Pertinent to their assignments Phù hợp với bài tập của họ A laborious process Một quá trình gian khổ Public records office Văn phòng hồ sơ công cộng Search for legal precedent Tìm kiếm tiền lệ pháp lý Online archives Kho lưu trữ trực tuyến Dissertation Luận văn Expedite communication within companies Xúc tiến giao tiếp trong các công ty To deal with the hassle Để đối phó với rắc rối Video conferencing applications Phần mềm tổ chức hội nghị qua video Greater expediency in conducting communication Hiệu quả cao hơn trong việc giao tiếp EXAMPLE Some argue that the Internet supports younger people and workers in attaining improved educational and occupational ambitions faster than in the past. In my estimation, I concur with this notion on the grounds that students can learn information on the Internet more rapidly and workers can communicate more conveniently. Firstly, students can use the Internet to quickly extract information that is pertinent to their assignments. In the past, students had to go through the laborious process of travelling to the library to check out written documentation relevant to their studies. However, since the introduction of the Internet, students have been able to search for the facts and data they need to complete their work more easily. For instance, instead of taking a trip to a library or public records office, law students can search for legal precedent through online archives when doing research or writing their dissertation. Hence, more time can be saved for other aspects of the assignment. Secondly, the Internet can expedite communication within companies. Historically, workers almost always had to conduct meetings face-to-face, which could be rather timeconsuming and draining. However, these workers may no longer have to deal with the hassle of organizing such meetings thanks to new online tools such as email and video conferencing applications, which allow users to hold a call or write a virtual message to each other at any time and any place. For example, workers can hold a conference via Zoom as it can allow for multiple participants to join in by utilizing a computer’s web camera, internet connection, and microphone to facilitate video calls. Hence, the conference is more likely to run smoothly and everyone will have a better chance to contribute to the discussion. In conclusion, the Internet has made it easier for young people and labourers to achieve their educational and professional targets owing to its speed in helping people find information and its greater expediency in conducting communication within a firm. I would suggest schools and universities create courses on how to use the Internet to research and communicate effectively. (Word count: 344) 3. 10/09/2022 Question: Some people believe that technology causes more problems for modern society than it solves. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Promote inactive lifestyles Thúc đẩy lối sống không hoạt động Innovative technologies Công nghệ tiên tiến Be deprived of numerous jobs Bị lấy đi nhiều công việc Robot engineers Kỹ sư robot Be proficient at technological skills Thành thạo các kỹ năng công nghệ Be made redundant Bị sa thải Computer-based and digital entertainment Các hình thức giải trí dựa trên máy tính và kỹ thuật số Passively view screens Xem màn hình một cách thụ động Mental health problems can be induced Các vấn đề sức khỏe tinh thần có thể được gây ra Deteriorates public wellbeing Làm suy giảm sức khỏe cộng đồng Being driven out of a job Bị mất việc EXAMPLE It is argued that there are more issues triggered by technological advances than their benefits. I completely agree with this notion since they cause unemployment and promote inactive lifestyles. The first reason why I believe the development of technology may bring more demerits than merits is that innovative technologies can trigger an increase in the unemployment rate. More specifically, employees are deprived of numerous jobs by advanced technologies since they surpass their abilities in various aspects. For instance, a substantial number of builders in Japan are being replaced by robot engineers in the building sector since they perform with more accuracy and speed and are preferred in dangerous situations. Additionally, as technology is applied in many jobs, workers are required to acquire certain IT-related skills; therefore, those who are not proficient at technological skills such as using computers or operating machines would likely be made redundant. This would give rise to the growing rate of national unemployment. Another justification for my argument is the prevalence of the sedentary lifestyle in modern society. With the proliferation of computer-based and digital entertainment, people are more likely to opt for staying at home and passively viewing screens rather than participating in outdoor activities. Consequently, a host of physical and mental health problems can be induced, which deteriorates public wellbeing. To illustrate, according to a survey in 2020, Vietnamese adults tend to play electronic games after working hours and refuse to engage in fitness activities, resulting in an increase in health problems such as obesity and poor vision. In conclusion, I strongly advocate the opinion that technology offers more downsides than benefits because more people are being driven out of a job and pursuing a sedentary lifestyle. It is advisable that more regulations on technology applied in the labour market and the way people entertain should be imposed to mitigate the abovementioned issues. (Word count: 309) 4. 24/09/2022 Question: Some people say we do not need printed newspapers anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Greater updatability Khả năng cập nhật nhanh hơn Provide up-to-the-minute information Cung cấp thông tin cập nhật mới nhất Obtain current news Đọc tin tức thời sự Occurrence Sự xảy ra Updated instantly and continuously Cập nhật ngay lập tức và liên tục Long process of editing and publishing Quá trình chỉnh sửa và xuất bản lâu Emissions of pollutants Khí thải Environmentally friendly lifestyles Lối sống thân thiện với môi trường Paper-based articles Các bài báo trên giấy Fall into disuse Không được sử dụng nữa Greater updatability Khả năng cập nhật nhanh hơn Provide up-to-the-minute information Cung cấp thông tin cập nhật mới nhất Obtain current news Đọc tin tức thời sự EXAMPLE It is commonly argued that physical newspapers are no longer essential. I completely agree with this notion due to the greater updatability of online newspapers and how more natural resources can be saved. The first justification for my agreement is that online newspapers would be superior to conventional ones in terms of faster updates. More specifically, they can provide up-tothe-minute information about events that are happening domestically and globally, enabling Internet users to obtain current news in a matter of minutes. For example, when the Russo-Ukrainian War broke out, the information about its occurrence and consequences was updated instantly and continuously on different media platforms such as TV and the Internet. On the contrary, newspaper readers have to wait for at least several days to acquire the news about it due to the long process of editing and publishing. Another reason why I am of the opinion that traditional newspapers could be superseded by Internet-based news is that more natural resources can be saved. While the production of physical newspapers requires a large amount of paper, ink used and the distribution of newspapers by truck, the proliferation of online news would prevent a substantial number of trees being felled and reduce emissions of pollutants into the air. As environmentally friendly lifestyles are being favoured by more people in contemporary society, paperbased newspapers are more likely to become obsolete. In conclusion, I strongly maintain that paper-based articles are falling into disuse and are not required because news in other media is a more beneficial source of information owing to their ability to be updated quickly and save natural materials. It is advisable that the government take action to enhance cybersecurity to ensure the veracity of news on the Internet. (World count: 288) 5. 26/11/2022 Question: Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Facilitate human interactions Tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho sự tương tác của con người The lack of genuine interaction Sự thiếu sự tương tác thật Mischievous face Khuôn mặt tinh nghịch Utterance Lời nói, câu nói Outrage Sự phẫn nộ Have a habit of communicating virtually Có thói quen giao tiếp trực tuyến Establish trustful relationships Thiết lập các mối quan hệ đáng tin cậy Corrupt individuals Các cá nhân xấu Toxic and troubled online relationships Các mối quan hệ trực tuyến độc hại và rắc rối To raise their vigilance Nâng cao cảnh giác Disguise Cải trang Financial fraud Sự lừa gạt tài chính EXAMPLE Some hold a view that advanced communication technology is adversely affecting social relationships. I mostly agree with this view since it can bring about greater misunderstandings and a lack of healthy relationships although it can facilitate human interactions. The first justification for my agreement is that the utilization of technology in communication has given rise to more frequent misunderstandings. More specifically, people may misinterpret what others convey due to the lack of genuine interaction as they converse with each other via online platforms. For instance, with a pleasant tone and mischievous face, people can show that they are joking during face-to-face conversations; however, if they communicate via networking sites such as Facebook in the same way, recipients can misunderstand the same utterance and falsely believe that the sender is angry or sarcastic instead. Therefore, there would arise growing dissatisfaction and outrage among individuals who have a habit of communicating virtually. Another reason why I agree that social interactions are being negatively impacted by current communication technology is that people can find it harder to establish trustful relationships. This is because there are numerous scammers, criminals and other corrupt individuals who approach people on social media for nefarious purposes, making them potentially suffer from many toxic and troubled online relationships. To illustrate, Twitter users these days tend to raise their vigilance as they acknowledge that cybercriminals who make friends with them in this social platform can disguise themselves as genuine citizens who then go on to steal their personal information for financial fraud. As a result, closeknit friendships are unlikely to be nurtured, potentially narrowing each individual’s circle of relationships. On the other hand, I concede that breakthroughs in communication technology can also improve interactions between individuals. Most importantly, cutting-edge technology allows people to engage with their connections regardless of time and geographical constraints, thus facilitating the increase of social interactions and therefore enhancing humans’ interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, I strongly advocate the idea that technological advancements in communication can jeopardize social relationships as more misunderstandings can arise and reliable relationships can be difficult to forge. It is advisable that people should favour face-to-face interactions to eliminate these drawbacks. (Word count: 358) 6. 14/01/2023 Question: Video records are better to learn about the way other people in the world live than written documents. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Global lifestyles Lối sống toàn cầu Leave a lasting impact on Để lại một tác động lâu dài lên Limited in their availability Hạn chế, ít có sẵn Observe things in an authentic way Quan sát mọi thứ một cách chân thực Through a secondhand perspective Qua góc nhìn của người khác Indelible Không thể xóa nhòa Learning styles Phong cách học tập Lacking in their attainability Thiếu, ít A scarcity of Sự khan hiếm Dietary patterns Chế độ ăn uống EXAMPLE It is stated that acquiring information about global lifestyles through videos is more effective than reading written materials. Although I admit that video recordings leave more of a lasting impact on people’s minds, I mostly disagree with this notion since they are not suitable for all learners and limited in their availability. Admittedly, video recordings can be a valid approach to gain a greater understanding about different lives in various nations on account of better visualisation. To explain, images and audio recordings enable people to observe things in an authentic way, leaving better impressions in their minds and thus facilitating their memories. In other words, by watching videos, they can experience these customs firsthand in lieu of imagining them through a secondhand perspective when they read written documents. For example, a video about the harsh living conditions of residents in Africa having to use dirty water for household tasks and their desperate voices in the video would be more indelible in viewers’ minds than simply text However, there are two reasons for my disagreement. Chief of these is that learning via videos is not an optimal medium for all types of learners. This is because those who favor other learning styles such as reading and writing may prefer written documents instead. Another justification is that videos are lacking in their attainability. More specifically, numerous materials are recorded in written form only, especially about details in the past due to the lack of technology, thus it is hard for people to access information regarding important individuals and events through videos alone. For instance, for those who want to research eating habits of people in a country, it is more useful for them to choose articles or references because there is a scarcity of videos that illustrate real dietary patterns. In conclusion, the value of video recordings is significant in terms of enhancing visualisation; however, I maintain that they are not suitable for those who follow other learning styles and written documents are still of importance because a wider range of information is offered. It is advisable that people should opt for the materials that suit their preferences and the specific topic. (Word count: 360) 7. 18/02/2023 Question: Technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Minors Trẻ vị thành niên Leisure hours Giờ giải trí Reduced physical activity Hoạt động thể chất bị giảm thiểu Poor vision Thị lực kém Interpersonal relationships Mối quan hệ giữa các cá nhân Socially isolated Bị cô lập về mặt xã hội Search engines Công cụ tìm kiếm Foster their passion for learning Nuôi dưỡng niềm đam mê học tập của họ Digital art programs Chương trình nghệ thuật kỹ thuật số Holistic health Sức khỏe toàn diện Promote their sense of expression Thúc đẩy khả năng biểu đạt của họ Under parental supervision Dưới sự giám sát của cha mẹ Minors Trẻ vị thành niên EXAMPLE The way minors spend their leisure hours has been altered by advancements in technology. Although this can detrimentally affect their overall health, I believe that its benefits such as accessing information more easily and boosting their creativity are more significant. On the one hand, the tendency of children to utilize technological devices in their spare time has an adverse impact on their general well-being. More specifically, many of the activities that children engage in with technology are sedentary, such as playing video games or using social media. This can lead to reduced physical activity, which in turn can contribute to health problems such as obesity and poor vision. Furthermore, children’s mental health can be badly affected. Since they often spend an excessive amount of time using digital devices in lieu of interacting with others in person, their interpersonal relationships would likely be weakened. Consequently, they become socially isolated and suffer from mental issues such as depression and stress. On the other hand, using technology in leisure time can be beneficial to children for two reasons. Most noticeably, technology has made it easier for juveniles to access information on a wide variety of subjects. To be more specific, they can use search engines, educational apps and online libraries to learn about topics that interest them. This can help to broaden their knowledge and foster their passion for learning. Another justification is that it enhances creativity. This is because there are many digital tools and apps that allow children to express themselves. For instance, they can show their artistic side by using video editing software and digital art programs to create and share their own works of art or videos, which can be a source of pride and satisfaction. In conclusion, although technological advances can pose a threat to children’s holistic health, I maintain that they can offer more noticeable advantages such as easy access to information to broaden their knowledge and promoting their sense of expression. It is advisable that children should be allowed to use technology in their study and personal lives under parental supervision to mitigate its demerits. (Word count: 349) 8. 01/04/2023 Question: More and more people no longer read newspapers or watch TV programs to get news. They get news about the world through the Internet. Is this a positive or negative development? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The dissemination of misinformation Sự phát tán thông tin sai lệch Fact-checking features Tính năng kiểm tra tính xác thực Authenticity Tính xác thực Fuel the conspiracy Thúc đẩy âm mưu Take in information Tiếp nhận thông tin Useful audiovisual elements Các yếu tố nghe nhìn hữu ích News coverage Tin tức Video footage Cảnh quay video The course of an event Quá trình của một sự kiện Editorialized Biên tập EXAMPLE It is observed that a growing number of individuals tend to acquire news online in lieu of physical newspapers and television programs. Although this propensity can trigger the dissemination of misinformation, I believe that its benefits including more timely updates and the provision of a better reading experience are more significant. On the one hand, I concede that observing news on the Internet can facilitate the spread of misleading information. As online outlets lack fact-checking features, people are free to share information regardless of its authenticity. Consequently, individuals are more likely to be misled. A case in point would be InfoWars, an American conspiracy news site, which has released fake information about COVID-19 in America. Despite this, millions of people shared this information, fueling the conspiracy that the pandemic is fake. On the other hand, the Internet offers more current updates and a more fascinating experience. In terms of the former, it can deliver the news conveniently at a more rapid pace. For instance, people often use social networks such as Facebook and Twitter to share news and updated articles throughout the day. With a single click, audiences can instantly access the news they need. In contrast, newspapers are only updated daily and require customers to physically purchase them from newstands. Regarding the latter, people can take in information with useful audiovisual elements. For instance, news coverage on the Internet usually uses video footage to illustrate the course of an event as opposed to merely boring texts and pictures in conventional newspapers. As a result, viewers can comprehend that information more easily with less risk that it has been editorialized. In conclusion, although I admit that the increasing trend of receiving news on the Internet can give rise to the spread of false information, I maintain it is overall more beneficial as it provides users with faster updates and better experiences. In the near future, I believe that Internet security should be strengthened to lessen the amount of fake news disseminated. (Word count: 331) TOPIC 10: SOCIAL ISSUES QUESTION LIST 1. 12/11/2020 Question: Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted to do. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. 23/01/2021 Question: In some countries, more and more adults are continuing to live with their parents even after they have completed education and found jobs. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 3. 20/02/2021 Question: Some people say free time activities for children should be organized by parents. Others say that children should be free to choose what they do in their free time. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 4. 27/02/2021 Question: Some people think young people should follow the traditions of their society. Others think that they should be free to behave as individuals. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5. 27/03/2021 Question: It is important for all towns and cities to have large public outdoor places like squares and parks. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 6. 20/05/2021 Question: People say that a country will benefit greatly if its students study abroad. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 7. 29/05/2021 Question: Some people think that mobile phones should be banned in public places like libraries, shops and on public transport. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 8. 12/06/2021 Question: Some people think the newly built houses should be the same as the old house style in local areas. Others argue that local authorities should allow people to build houses in their own styles. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 9. 14/08/2021 Question: Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 10. 28/08/2021 Question: In some cases, people who break the law should be warned instead of receiving punishment. Do you agree or disagree? 11. 25/09/2021 Question: Some people believe that the world should have only one government rather than a national government. Do you think the benefits of this system outweigh its disadvantages? 12. 18/12/2021 Question: Today family members do not eat meals together. Is this a positive or negative trend? 13. 17/2/2022 Question: Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh water as much as they like. Others believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 14. 2/4/2022 Question: In the future, there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in many countries. Is it a positive or negative development? 15. 30/04/2022 Question: Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 16. 12/05/2022 Question: As major cities in the world are growing today, so do their problems. What are the problems for young people living in the cities as the result of continued growth? What are the solutions to these problems? 17. 18/06/2022 Question: Young people are committing more crimes. Discuss the causes and solutions for this problem. 18. 25/06/2022 Question: Some people believe that the government should not spend money on international aid when they have their own disadvantaged people like the homeless and unemployed. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 19. 16/07/2022 Question: In some parts of the world it is increasingly popular to research the history of one’s own family. Why do people want to do this? Is it a positive or negative development? 20. 20/08/2022 Question: Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will no longer be necessary because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a computer. Do you agree or disagree? 21. 27/08/2022 Question: As transport and accommodation problems are increasing in many cities, some governments encourage businesses to move to rural areas. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 22. 03/09/2022 Question: Some people think that the detailed criminal description on newspapers and TV has bad influences, so this kind of information should be restricted in the media. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 23. 17/09/2022 Question: In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use of cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages? 24. 03/12/2022 Question: Some people think that it's important to spend money on family celebrations (e.g. weddings, birthdays). However, some think that expensive celebrations are a waste of money. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 25. 17/12/2022 Question: In many countries people increasingly talk about money (how much they earn or how much they pay for things in their daily conversations). Why? Is this a positive or negative trend? 26. 29/12/2022 1. Question: Some people think that the best way to increase road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars or riding motorbikes. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 27. 11/02/2023 Question: Some people think that if a country is already rich, any addition in economic wealth does not make its citizens happier. Do you agree or disagree? WORLD LIST & EXAMPLE 1. 12/11/2020 Question: Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted to do. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Foundation of modern civilisation Nền móng của xã hội hiện đại Civilisation (n) Nền văn minh Races and social classes Các chủng tộc và tầng lớp xã hội Sense of community Ý thức cộng đồng Social order Trật tự xã hội Live in harmony Sống hòa hợp Compassion (n) Tình thương, lòng thương cảm Intuitive (adj) Thuộc về trực giác Poorly-behaved (adj) Cư xử tệ Bring something to a standstill Làm cho cái gì bị trì trệ Enact laws Ban hành luật Ill-tempered driver Người lái xe xấu tính EXAMPLE It has been noted that the rule of law is the foundation of modern civilisation. While some believe that a society without laws can function properly thanks to human characteristics, I contend that it will completely collapse due to bad behaviour. On the one hand, certain shared beliefs have made countries with no official rules possible throughout the history of mankind. In fact, centuries before the first laws were introduced, the ancient Chinese had been able to gather in millions as a nation to save them from natural disasters and enemies since they all shared an intuitive sense of community. Furthermore, in modern Bhutan, national or organisational rules are essentially redundant as most citizens already live in harmony with each other as the result of Buddhist practices which promote compassion across races or social classes. Nevertheless, I amof the opinion that if people are free to do whatever they desire, social order would be destroyed by misbehaviour. In Vietnam, for example, at a crowded intersection without clear regulations and instructions, many commuters would happily block others for a quick pass. Worse still, if there is an accident, some ill-tempered drivers are quick to throw punches at each other right in the middle of the road, which instantly brings the traffic to a complete standstill. As similar consequences can be predicted in other fields such as commerce and politics, the normal operation at a societal level is likely to collapse entirely. In conclusion, civilisations without agreed rules could exist if citizens possessed specific qualities. However, I believe societies will stop operating because of poorly- behaved individuals. From my perspective, governments should continue to enact strict laws that promote discipline and order for their countries to thrive in the modern era. (Word count: 289) 2. 23/01/2021 Question: In some countries, more and more adults are continuing to live with their parents even after they have completed education and found jobs. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH Economic upheaval TIẾNG VIỆT Biến động kinh tế Forge a strong bond between family members Tạo sự gắn kết giữa các thành viên trong gia đình Intimate conversations Những cuộc trò chuyện thân mật Confide something to someone Kể cho ai nghe những điều mình không muốn người khác biết Possible setbacks Những trở ngại có thể xảy ra Speak with someone on occasion Thỉnh thoảng nói chuyện với ai Experience a prolonged period of immaturity Trải qua một thời gian dài thiếu trưởng thành Be exempt from mundane tasks Được miễn làm các công việc nhà nhàm chán The capacity for self reliance Khả năng tự lập Helicopter parents Bố mẹ bảo bọc con quá mức Lead a self-sufficient life Sống một cuộc sống tự túc Over-reliance Sự phụ thuộc quá mức EXAMPLE In recent years, the number of adults still living with their parents has been on the rise due to recent economic upheaval. While some argue that this trend helps cement relationships between members of a family, I believe it is largely disadvantageous due to the growing dependence of children on their guardians. On the one hand, staying under the same roof can help forge stronger bonds between family members. One of the primary reasons for this is there are abundant opportunities for regular face-to-face interactions and intimate conversations. For example, a newly graduated student can get advice, discuss problems at work, and confide possible setbacks to his parents. This kind of conversation will likely help build confidence which is widely regarded as a key to success in an increasingly competitive business world. This ideal scenario seems less likely if, however, the son is settling down in a new home, with a different timetable from members of his family and only speaking with his parents on occasion over the phone. On the other hand, I am firmly of the opinion that those who refuse to live on their own are more likely to experience a prolonged period of immaturity. Firstly, those who remain at home are usually exempt from mundane tasks such as preparing meals, doing laundry and tidying their rooms. Consequently, they are likely to be dependent on their parents and have trouble developing the capacity for self-reliance that is essential for personal and career success. It will be more difficult for them to make their own wellinformed, responsible decisions. More specifically, many helicopter parents, such as those in Vietnam, closely monitor their children, failing to guide them properly in how to gather relevant information, and evaluate possible options for a final sound decision. Both of these failures are likely to have detrimental effects, preventing many from leading a selfsufficient life. In conclusion, although young adults might be better supported emotionally in staying home, over-reliance on one’s parents is not a wise path towards becoming a welladjusted, high-functioning member of society. In my opinion, teenagers should start taking full responsibility for their lives at the age of 18. (Word count: 357) 3. 20/02/2021 Question: Some people say free time activities for children should be organized by parents. Others say that children should be free to choose what they do in their free time. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Nurture their inborn talents Nuôi dưỡng tài năng bẩm sinh của ai Productive leisure activities Hoạt động giải trí năng suất Parenting courses Khóa học làm cha mẹ Recreational activities Hoạt động giải trí Pertaining to something Liên quan đến cái gì Develop their unique talents Phát triển khả năng đặc biệt Fascinate somebody intrinsically Thu hút ai đó bằng bản chất The foremost proponent of something Người đi đầu trong lĩnh vực gì Remarkable and precocious natural talent Tài năng thiên bẩm đáng chú ý Inadvertently neglected Vô tình bị phớt lờ Facilitate a presumably safer and more secure career Tạo điều kiện cho một sự nghiệp an toàn và đảm bảo hơn Make more informed selections Lựa chọn sáng suốt EXAMPLE It is sometimes argued that parents can effectively plan their children’s free time activities thanks to their experience and maturity. However, I am of the opinion that letting them be more autonomous better nurtures their inborn talents. On the one hand, parents are well-positioned to decide on the most productive leisure activities. This argument claims that parents are better equipped with the requisite knowledge acquired from parenting courses and online communities. On these platforms, they can learn about not only the educational impacts of various recreational activities but also how to organize them properly. For example, the Facebook group “We Trek” provides informative posts on the benefits of camping trips, a list of the necessary equipment and instructions pertaining to campsite set-up. By following professional instructions, parents can organize an effective camping session, simultaneously, ensure safety and an educational experience for their children. On the other hand, I believe that freedom of choice enables children to develop their unique talents. The majority of young people opt for activities that fascinate them intrinsically, thus developing an individual interest that their guardians might overlook or disapprove of. Gaudi, the foremost proponent of the Catalan architectural school, was allowed to follow his own interests, exploring shapes and patterns in nature during his childhood. These observations later inspired extraordinary designs such as the Sagrada Familia that was inspired by and embraces the shape of an ant’s nest. Such a remarkable and precocious natural talent might have been inadvertently neglected, if his mother had guided his activities to facilitate a presumably safer and more secure career outside the humanities in medicine, law, or business. In conclusion, although parents might be capable of making more informed selections, children should be made free to follow their own interests. In my opinion, parents ought to allow kids to juggle multiple roles in diverse settings to organically identify potential personal professional passions. (Word count: 313) 4. 27/02/2021 Question: Some people think young people should follow the traditions of their society. Others think that they should be free to behave as individuals. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The cultivation of well-adjusted adults Việc đào tạo ra những người biết cư xử Greater autonomy better nurtures creativity Sự tự chủ lớn nuôi dưỡng trí sáng tạo The value of bowing to their seniors Ý nghĩa của việc cúi đầu trước người lớn Capitalize on the misfortunes of somebody Trục lợi dựa trên sự bất hạnh của ai đó Facilitate chances for both friendships and business collaborations Tạo điều kiện cho cả tình bạn và hợp tác kinh doanh Pushing traditional boundaries Đẩy lùi ranh giới truyền thống Mingle unique costumes Phối đồ với những trang phục độc đáo Evolve into a global cultural phenomenon Phát triển thành một hiện tượng văn hóa toàn cầu Rigidly follow the tradition Đi theo truyền thống một cách cứng nhắc Incentivise more platforms for youngsters Khuyến khích nhiều nền tảng hơn cho người trẻ Present and discuss novel ideas Trình bày và thảo luận về những ý tưởng mới lạ EXAMPLE It is sometimes argued that the traditions of a society are crucial to the cultivation of well-adjusted adults. However, I would side with those who argue that greater autonomy better nurtures creativity. On the one hand, social traditions educate younger people as to have appropriate manners and morals. This case is exemplified perfectly in the case of Vietnamese customs and habits. Traditionally minded Vietnamese parents instill in their children the value of bowing to their seniors, displaying their deep respect and appreciation. Similarly, teens are raised to be reliable and generous, not capitalizing on the misfortunes of others for their own advantages. These traditional practices stimulate young Vietnamese’s global reputation for being professional and cooperative, which facilitates chances for both friendships and business collaborations. On the other hand, I am of the opinion that freedom of choice fosters creativity and its concomitant results in innovation. For instance, many Japanese parents encourage their offspring to design and wear their own outfits instead of accepting those generally worn by older generations. This has resulted in many pushing traditional boundaries, mingling unique costumes and aesthetics inspired by their favorite anime characters, which is known as “costume play” in Japan. Nowadays, the hobby has evolved into a global cultural phenomenon and inspired modern fashion designs and performances both on and off stage. Such an innovative culture might have been inadvertently stymied, if all Japanese youngsters rigidly followed the tradition of wearing formal Kimonos and Yukatas. In conclusion, although traditional standards of behavior are of importance to some extent, teenagers should be free to shape their own lifestyles. In my opinion, governments and schools ought to incentivise more platforms for youngsters to present and discuss novel ideas that can make positive contributions to society. (Word count: 289) 5. 27/03/2021 Question: It is important for all towns and cities to have large public outdoor places like squares and parks. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The initiative to promote outdoor spaces Phát kiến về việc thúc đẩy không gian ngoài trời A minor uptick in crimes Một sự gia tăng nhẹ trong việc phạm pháp Minor infractions Vi phạm nhỏ Be tightly packed in the space Bị kẹt trong không gian đó Have become easy targets for criminals Trở thành mục tiêu tiềm năng của tội phạm Pickpockets Kẻ móc túi Offer an abundance of freely accessible resources for exercises Cung cấp vô số tài nguyên miễn phí cho việc tập luyện Come free of charge Miễn phí Foster a greener atmosphere Nuôi dưỡng bầu không khí xanh hơn A refreshing escape from the pollution Thoát khỏi ô nhiễm một cách khoan khoái Densely populated cities Những thành phố đông dân cư In the vicinity of public spaces Gần khu vực không gian công cộng EXAMPLE The initiative to promote outdoor spaces in metropolitan areas has gained in popularity in recent years. Although these public places might result in a minor uptick in crimes, I personally support such forward-looking policies considering their effect on public health. On the one hand, minor infractions might be on the rise in public areas. A clear instance of this is the case of Nguyen Hue pedestrian square in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Since its public opening in 2018, the square has attracted millions of visitors who enjoy strolling, gathering with friends and enjoying quality time with family. As visitors are tightly packed in the space and may be distracted by their friends and family, they have become easy targets for criminals such as pickpockets. This is not only a loss for the unfortunate victims but can also damage the image of a safe and hospitable Ho Chi Minh City. On the other hand, it is clear to me that outdoor spaces are beneficial to physical health. There are many parks, gardens and squares that offer an abundance of freely accessible resources for exercises. For example, those in Hanoi typically provide residents with exercise equipment and fitness activities which often come free of charge. In addition, public spaces are generally filled with plants, fostering a greener atmosphere and offering visitors a refreshing escape from the pollution that they must frequently endure in densely populated cities. Recent policy research into this area has shown that residents in the vicinity of public spaces tend to exercise more regularly, thus enjoying overall better health. In conclusion, in spite of the threat of petty crimes, I would opine that public spaces should be encouraged in every city and town to promote healthier lifestyles. It is therefore advisable that city planners should allocate at least 20 percent of total development area for green spaces or public areas. (Words count: 312) 6. 20/05/2021 Question: People say that a country will benefit greatly if its students study abroad. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Brain drain Chảy máu chất xám Opt to emigrate Lựa chọn di cư/xuất ngoại Enjoy the higher standard of living Tận hưởng mức sống cao Elite intellectuals Các nhà trí thức ưu tú Sophisticated understanding Sự am hiểu một cách tinh vi Cutting-edge technology Công nghệ tiên tiến The best management practices Ứng dụng quản lý tốt nhất Economic reforms Cải cách kinh tế Serve as catalysts for sth Làm chất xúc tác cho một cái gì đó Economic advancement Sự phát triển kinh tế EXAMPLE The general impact of studying overseas on the development of their home country has become an increasingly controversial topic in recent years. While some highlight the risk of brain drain, I believe that the students in question are vital for the prosperity of a nation. On the one hand, many international students opt to emigrate to the host countries where they have been studying. Reasons for this might include the availability of opportunities for academic employment, research and career advancement as well as to enjoy the higher standard of living in developed foreign countries. This trend among elite intellectuals, including from developing nations such as Vietnam, represents a significant loss for the economic development of their home countries as well-trained workers use their skills and knowledge to benefit other nations such as the US or UK. In addition, this also entails a loss in education as top researchers and professors may leave without educating the next generation. On the other hand, in most cases, I am of the opinion that knowledgeable overseas students can enormously contribute to the economic growth of their homeland. In the early 1980s, the Vietnamese government launched the “Red Stars” initiative, sending thousands of young enthusiasts to the Soviet Union and various Western countries with the aim of acquiring a more sophisticated understanding of cutting-edge technology as well as the best management practices. Many of these have become influential leaders including the minister of domestic affairs Pham Ha Long and the chairman of the tech giant HNG Tong Thanh An, who have actively contributed to recent economic reforms in Vietnam, lifting the country out of poverty to become one of the most important emerging economies in Asia. In conclusion, although there exists the risk of “brain drain,” overseas graduates can serve as catalysts for the economic advancement of a nation. In my opinion, governments should therefore offer more scholarships for gifted students to study abroad. (Words count: 319) 7. 29/05/2021 Question: Some people think that mobile phones should be banned in public places like libraries, shops and on public transport. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Prohibition of mobile phones Sự cấm điện thoại di động Disturbances Rối loạn Be distracted by Bị phân tâm bởi Disrespectful phone users Người dùng điện thoại thiếu ý thức Switch on the ringtone of incoming calls Bật nhạc chuông cuộc gọi đến Notification noises Tiếng ồn từ các thông báo Emanate Phát ra Handheld devices Thiết bị cầm tay Improve user experience Cải thiện trải nghiệm người dùng Immersing oneself in Đắm mình trong The healing sounds of nature Âm thanh chữa lành của thiên nhiên Shopping applications Ứng dụng mua sắm Self-service checkout Thanh toán tự phục vụ EXAMPLE Some people applaud the prohibition of mobile phones in public spaces considering the possible disturbances resulting from notifications and bright screens. However, I believe mobile phones should be allowed in order to enable convenience for individuals at public facilities. On the one hand, other members of the public at places such as libraries, shops and public transport might find sounds and the light from phones annoying. For instance, readers at a library can be distracted by disrespectful phone users who switch on the ringtone of incoming calls or through notification noises, preventing them from devoting their full time to research and reading. A related and common instance would be that a traveler’s short nap on a bus or night train might be interrupted by the bright lights emanating from smartphone screens. On the other hand, I believe that handheld devices can greatly improve user experience. For example, a bus journey is less tiring when the rider can enjoy some relaxing music to relieve stress on his phone by using his earphones, avoiding the noise of traffic and immersing himself in the healing sounds of nature. Another great example is the use of shopping applications such as VinID, an application recently developed by the Vietnamese retail giant Vinmart+. Thise app enables shoppers to not only precisely locate their desired items in vast supermalls but also to use self-service checkout without needing to wait in seemingly endless queues during peak shopping hours. In conclusion, although the use of phones might be a distraction in public spaces, I am of the opinion that the total experience of users in public places is more important. Therefore, service operators should invest more in researching user behavior to develop more useful apps. (Word count: 286) 8. 12/06/2021 Question: Some people think the newly built houses should be the same as the old house style in local areas. Others argue that local authorities should allow people to build houses in their own styles. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT A direct violation of sth Một sự xâm phạm/vi phạm trực tiếp tới điều gì đó An individual’s right to autonomy over private property Quyền tự trị tài sản cá nhân Uniformity in architecture Sự đồng nhất trong kiến trúc Blend harmoniously Pha trộn một cách hài hòa The Vietnamese Constitution Hiến pháp của nhà nước Việt Nam Exclusive right and control Độc quyền kiểm soát Is entitled to do sth Được phép/được quyền làm gì đó Provoke public objection Kích động sự phản đối của công chúng Administrative regulations Quy định điều hành/quản lý Fundamental proprietary right Quyền sở hữu cơ bản Enhance a sense of community Cải thiện tính cộng đồng Reflects the wealth and social status of its owner Thể hiện sự giàu có và địa vị xã hội của người sở hữu EXAMPLE It is sometimes argued that there should be a policy regulating housing styles in certain neighborhoods to promote traditional culture. However, I am strongly against that policy proposal as it is a direct violation of an individual's right to autonomy over private property. On the one hand, in some areas, uniformity in architecture might better represent and preserve local culture. For example, all houses in the ancient Vietnamese city of Hoi An, regardless of personal preference, are required to follow an architectural style that adheres to its history as a major commercial port in Vietnam. Every so-called “tube house” in the town is constructed with a Chinese tiled roof, Japanese support joists, French louvered shutters and lampposts which are blended harmoniously with indeginous Vietnamese features such as four-square windows. These architectural characteristics cement Hoi An’s cultural identity, which has greatly contributed to its fame as a destination for both international and domestic tourists in recent years. On the other hand, I believe any law that governs individual housing styles would be injurious against the rights of ownership. For instance, the Vietnamese constitution allows property owners to possess exclusive rights and control over their property, guaranteeing that one is entitled to decide on both the interior and exterior designs of his house, in accordance with their personal preferences. Consequently, attempting to overrule this legislation would justly provoke public's objections and protest. That is why hundreds of citizens residing in the Hanoi Old Quarter protested in 2009 to repeal a decree that prohibited all modern housing styles in the area, despite the fact that the locals desperately needed greater space to accommodate larger family sizes and a personal desire for more modern housing. In conclusion, although administrative regulations on housing style might help preserve local architectural culture, I would opine that it violates one of the most fundamental proprietary rights of individuals. In my opinion, governments should instead encourage creativity and innovation in housing design to embrace new trends that better reflect contemporary society. (Word count: 332) 9. 14/08/2021 Question: Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Initiative Đề nghị/sáng kiến Private entities Công ty tư nhân Be less susceptible to Ít bị ảnh hưởng (bởi một điều gì đó) Commercial interests Lợi ích thương mại On behalf of Thay mặt cho (ai đó) Magnate Tài phiệt, ông trùm Pioneer Tiên phong (làm một việc gì đó) Predisposed to sth Có khuynh hướng làm một việc gì đó Altruistic aim Mục đích vị tha Maximize profits Tối đa hóa lợi nhuận Intervene Can thiệp Privately sponsored scientific research Nghiên cứu khoa học do tư nhân tài trợ EXAMPLE There has been significant discourse surrounding the proposal for scientific research to be conducted by governments rather than private entities. While some would argue the opposite on the grounds that it engenders greater innovation, I contend that governments can conduct better research as they are less susceptible to corporate influence. Admittedly, there have been cases where privately funded scientific research has stimulated innovation. Individuals who conduct research on the behalf of commercial interests are typically encouraged to think creatively in developing new solutions to pervasive problems. For instance, SpaceX is a for-profit corporation that is leading its competitors in terms of innovating space travel. Founded and managed by tech magnate Elon Musk, it has introduced new solutions to existing problems in space transportation such as reducing production costs on their rockets by using 3D printing technology and mass production methods. Furthermore, SpaceX has pioneered the utilization of reusable rockets as half of them have flown more than once with little to no refurbishment. From this case, it can be understood why some argue commercial entities should be in charge of conducting scientific research. However, the case for governments conducting scientific research is stronger. With private companies conducting such research, they are more predisposed to financial incentives since they are primarily driven to boost profits. In contrast, governments conduct scientific research often with the altruistic aim of finding solutions to various societal problems in their respective nations. To cite an example, a private medical firm in Ghana was tasked with conducting research and producing 600,000 doses of their own COVID-19 vaccine. However, these doses did not meet WHO standards after testing as a result of the research process being rushed to maximize profits. It was only when the Ghanian government intervened to replace the previously made doses with their own newly certified products that the public finally felt at ease. In conclusion, although privately sponsored scientific research has an important place thanks to the competition that drives innovation, I believe that government sponsored research exerts a more positive impact on society and the public good. In the near future, it can be predicted that the scientific community will be able to welcome more scientific breakthroughs thanks to the funding of the state. (Word count: 372) 10. 28/08/2021 Question: In some cases, people who break the law should be warned instead of receiving punishment. Do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Has been gaining significant traction Trở nên phổ biến hoặc được nhiều người quan tâm Sweeping punishments Hình phạt có ảnh hưởng lớn, rộng Disproportionate to the severity of the crime Không tương xứng với độ nghiêm trọng của hành vi phạm tội Inherent intent of any punishment Mục đích vốn có của bất kì hình phạt nào Dissuade potential criminals Khuyên can tội phạm tiềm năng Revocation of one’s driving licence Thu hồi bằng lái Deter sb from doing sth Ngăn cản ai đó làm gì đó (bằng cách răn đe) A form of strong deterrence Một hình thức răn đe mạnh mẽ Imposing punishments unilaterally Áp dụng hình phạt một cách tự ý A stern warning Lời cảnh cáo nghiêm khắc Grave consequences Hậu quả nghiêm trọng Commit affronts to the law Làm việc gì đó xúc phạm tới pháp luật Jeopardise the lives of others Gây nguy hiểm cho tính mạng người khác EXAMPLE Recently, the debate surrounding the appropriate punishment for lawbreakers has been gaining significant traction. While some have advocated for sweeping punishments, others support giving warnings for minor offences. In my estimation, I agree with issuing a warning for low-level offences as sometimes legal punishments are disproportionate to the severity of the crime. Admittedly, there are clear instances where punishments must be enforced. The inherent intent of any punishment, regardless of how harsh it might be, is to dissuade potential criminals from breaking the law. Therefore, when citizens respect the law due to fear of punishment, society as a whole is safer. To give an example, in maintaining a safe and steady flow of traffic, speed limits are put in place on most roads to prevent speeding and potential accidents. When a person commits a speeding offence, that person can be punished by the revocation of their driving licence to deter them from driving recklessly and by extension becoming a danger to society. Thus, it is understandable why some would want to advocate for imposing punishments unilaterally on offenders as a form of strong deterrence from future criminal activity. However, the case for applying a stern warning in some instances is stronger since it can be more effective in preventing crimes. By educating low-level offenders about the grave consequences of continuing to commit affronts to the law, they will come out more knowledgeable of the law and its role in keeping people safe from harm. Therefore, these offenders will be less likely to recommit criminal offences and consequently jeopardise the lives of others. To cite an example, a survey conducted by University College London in 2012 has found that the majority of British people who were cited for public intoxication and were subsequently warned of their behaviour have not committed the same offence again. From this data, it is clear that a warning is stronger and more humane than a legal punishment. In conclusion, although enforcing punishments has its place in instilling respect for the law, I would firmly contend that sometimes a simple yet stern warning is more than enough to discourage people from breaking the law. In the future, once these rehabilitative measures are enacted, a society can become simultaneously safer and more aware. (Word count: 375) 11. 25/09/2021 Question: Some people believe that the world should have only one government rather than a national government. Do you think the benefits of this system outweigh its disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Cosmocracy Chính phủ toàn cầu Unitary government/authorities Nhà nước/Chính quyền đơn nhất Centralized government Chính quyền tập trung Motivate countries to pool resources together Khuyến khích các nước cùng quyên góp nguồn lực Compromise Thỏa hiệp Abuse of power Lạm dụng quyền lực All-powerful entity Cơ quan toàn quyền At their disposal Tùy ý sử dụng Refugee crisis Cuộc khủng hoảng tị nạn Collective political and material resources Các nguồn lực chính trị và tài nguyên chung War-torn homelands Quê nhà bị chiến tranh tàn phá Serve their own interests Phục vụ cho lợi ích riêng của họ Much to the detriment of sth Gây tổn hại nặng nề cho cái gì đó EXAMPLE With globalization accelerating at a rapid pace, there have been growing calls to have only one global government on the basis that it would motivate countries to pool resources together to resolve shared issues. However, I disagree with this notion since such advantages will be dwarfed by the disadvantages, the biggest of which is the potential abuse of power that could be exercised by influential nations. The biggest advantage of forming such a government would be that it could encourage member countries to contribute collectively to solve common problems. A global government would be able to act faster in solving issues efficiently since they would have more resources at their disposal. For example, members of the European Union were asked to cooperate in tackling the Syrian refugee crisis of the last decade. Using their collective political and material resources, the European Union was able to house and integrate millions of refugees into its constituent members’ societies, providing much needed safety for a vulnerable population from their war-torn homelands. However, a global government presents the risk of member nations abusing their power to serve their own interests rather than those of the entire world. For instance, in the United Nations, the closest approximation of a global government, nations can exercise their right to block or enact measures that can empower or enrich them or their closest allies, much to the detriment of the world as a whole. For example, two of the UN Security Council’s chief members Russia and China have been accused of exercising their veto power to block new security policies that will challenge their regional power, despite them being genuinely beneficial to the wider world. In conclusion, the disadvantages of a global government, chief of which is possible rampant abuse of power, are far more substantial than its advantages. Moving forward, countries should retain their national governments, but continue to reach out globally to encourage mutual cooperation. (Word count: 319) 12. 18/12/2021 Question: Today family members do not eat meals together. Is this a positive or negative trend? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Diminish Suy giảm More free time to pursue personal pursuits Nhiều thời gian rảnh cho các mục tiêu cá nhân Engenders greater flexibility for individuals Hình thành tính linh hoạt mạnh mẽ cho cá nhân Personal business or other social activities Công việc cá nhân hoặc các hoạt động xã hội khác Forge fruitful working relationships Xây dựng các mối quan hệ công việc quý giá Collaborative projects Các dự án cộng tác Marginal Nhỏ nhoi Solidifies the connections between each family member Củng cố sự kết nối giữa các thành viên gia đình Longitudinal study Nghiên cứu lâu dài Correlation Sự tương quan Domino effect Hiệu ứng domino Feelings of togetherness Cảm giác gần gũi EXAMPLE The long-standing tradition of families having meals together has declined. While this can contribute to individuals having more free time to pursue personal pursuits, I would argue that this is a harmful development since family members will have fewer chances to forge meaningful relationships. To begin with, families not having meals together engenders greater flexibility for individuals. Since eating alone is less time-consuming, they are then more available to engage in personal business or other social activities such as meeting with friends or working extra hours. For example, with less time dedicated to sharing a dinner with parents and siblings, a motivated worker might choose to attend a networking event and attempt to forge fruitful working partnerships that may later result in new business and collaborative projects. If they instead decide to focus on their personal life, they will be able to invest more time in their hobbies. The time gained is marginal but meaningful if the preparation for family meals is also taken into consideration. However, with no family meals, members will lose valuable opportunities to strengthen their relationships with each other. During a meal, everyone in the family can share with one another recent personal news and advice on handling particular problems, which solidifies the connections between each family member. However, when there are no meals to be shared, the bonds between family members may begin to weaken. For instance, recent research conducted by Columbia University has found that the frequency of Americans having family meals has steadily fallen over the past decade. The same longitudinal study also reported a correlation in these families with reduced communication and feelings of togetherness. One possible explanation for this domino effect is that these meals create a structure for the day and without it relationships in the family can become more distant. In conclusion, though people can have greater time to pursue personal activities when there are no family meals, I would ultimately assert that this is more detrimental since the bonds between family members can become severely weakened. Therefore, people should make an effort to organize such gatherings whenever they can. (Word count: 351) 13. 17/2/2022 Question: Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh water as much as they like. Others believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The freedom to use fresh water Quyền tự do sử dụng nước sạch A basic human necessity Một nhu cầu cơ bản của con người Signatory nations Các quốc gia tham gia ký kết Covenant Khế ước Unrestricted access to water Nguồn tiếp cận nước không giới hạn To guarantee sth Để đảm bảo điều gì đó To meet their fundamental needs Để đáp ứng nhu cầu cơ bản của họ Afforded adequate access Cung cấp nguồn cung đủ Tantamount to sth Tương dương với cái gì đó Infringement on human rights Sự xâm phạm quyền con người A scarce resource Nguồn tài nguyên khan hiếm Dwindling Suy giảm Water-stressed regions Các khu vực thiếu nguồn nước EXAMPLE There are differing opinions in regard to the freedom to use fresh water. Some believe citizens should have the right to use fresh water freely, while others assert that the state should regulate the amount of fresh water citizens can use. This essay will discuss both of these arguments and explain my thoughts on why the government should manage the use of freshwater. On the one hand, some see the right to fresh water as a basic human necessity. According to the UN’s International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the right to water is an essential human right and all signatory nations of the covenant must ensure that their citizens have unrestricted access to fresh water. Thus, the governments of those nations are obliged to guarantee that their citizens can use fresh water in any amount to meet their fundamental needs such as cooking, cleaning and drinking. If citizens are not afforded adequate access to fresh water, it would be tantamount to an infringement on human rights and these citizens will suffer greatly as a result. On the other hand, others believe fresh water is a scarce resource and should therefore be controlled by the state. The global supply of fresh water is dwindling with each passing decade due to numerous factors such as the greater frequency of droughts and the increasing demand from a growing population. According to the UN’s estimation, the majority of the world population will reside in water-stressed regions by the end of the 21st century. Hence, the scarcity of fresh water should be addressed by the government through the promulgation of policies and regulations intended to prolong the supply of water in the long-term. In conclusion, I believe that though people should have access to an adequate amount of fresh water for their survival, the state should intervene in not letting some people use too much water as this can lead to others not having enough of it. (Word count: 325) 14. 2/4/2022 Question: In the future, there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in many countries. Is it a positive or negative development? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Ratio Tỉ lệ In the coming decades Trong các thập kỉ tới To put a strain on sth Gây lên căng thẳng cho cái gì đó Serious and often costly ailments Bệnh tật nghiêm trọng và gây tốn kém Financial resources Nguồn tài chính Adversely impact Tác động tiêu cực National workforce Lực lượng lao động quốc gia Securing their country’s economic growth Đảm bảo tăng trưởng kinh tế của đất nước Impede economic growth Cản trở tăng trưởng kinh tế Meaningful strides Những bước tiến có ý nghĩa Blue-collar jobs Việc làm lao động chân tay Tackle hard labor Lao động khổ sai EXAMPLE It is observed that the ratio of older to younger people will grow in the coming decades across most nations. This essay will explain why this is ultimately a negative development for society in the long term. Firstly, having a greater proportion of elderly people can put a strain on the state budget. The government may have to increase its expenditure on the healthcare system since senior citizens are more prone to serious and often costly ailments such as heart disease and strokes than younger people. However, since there are other important sectors that the government has to allocate funding to such as infrastructure, education and defense, spending more to support the elderly may eventually leave little financial resources for those mentioned fields. This could adversely impact the meaningful progress being made in said fields and by extension detrimentally affect the socioeconomic development of a country. Secondly, the growth in the number of elderly people will damage the national workforce. Since they are not as physically or mentally strong as younger people, most old people can no longer work to contribute to securing their country’s economic growth. Consequently, with an inadequate number of younger people to replace the aging population in terms of employment, a shrinking workforce can impede economic growth which in turn can halt meaningful strides towards better standards of living. This is evident in the case of blue-collar jobs, as workers who are much older cannot work as effectively as younger ones since they lack the strength to tackle hard labor. Hence, they are more likely to be laid off which will practically diminish the national workforce in this area. In conclusion, the expanding number of older people in comparison to younger people is decidedly a negative development since it will place a massive burden on the state budget and reduce the productivity of the labor force. (Word count: 310) 15. 30/04/2022 Question: Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Mandatory (a) bắt buộc In plain sight Rõ ràng Set aside their free time Dành thời gian rảnh của họ Be taken advantage of Bị lợi dụng Cater to one’s own benefits Phục vụ cho lợi ích của chính ai Fellow citizens Đồng bào Enhance their moral development Nâng cao sự phát triển đạo đức của họ Predicaments Tình trạng khó khăn Empathetic citizens Người biết đồng cảm Have a spirit of dedication and responsibility Có tinh thần cống hiến và trách nhiệm EXAMPLE It is argued that it should be mandatory for the young to engage in voluntary work to support those who are in need. While this practice may cause several problems relating to wasting valuable time and the exploitation of the young, the overall impact is tremendously positive. The disadvantages of requiring young people to take part in unpaid jobs are in plain sight. The main reason is that these activities consume a great amount of time. Undoubtedly, they have to set aside their free time to learn about the procedures, regulations, and essential skills so that they can be qualified enough to provide aid to other people in their community. If it is obligatory for those whose schedule is hectic for them to join in voluntary activities, they would likely lack sufficient time for rest and relaxation; leading to some mental issues such as stress and depression. Second, young people can be taken advantage of by participating in voluntary activities. In fact, numerous for-profit organizations may exploit them to cater to their own benefits. For example, Thanh Cong which is a Vietnamese food company used to ask young participants to distribute flyers to raise public health awareness, but they actually contained advertising messages for their products with an aim to promote their sales instead. Despite the negatives mentioned above, the benefits of encouraging young people to help their fellow citizens are more significant. Chief of these is that it can enhance their moral development. This is because helping others enables young people to understand the predicaments of people in need such as the disabled and the poor and acknowledge their struggle to overcome difficulties, thus potentially becoming more empathetic citizens. Furthermore, this tendency is beneficial for the future careers of young people. To be more specific, recruiters nowadays appreciate candidates who take part in voluntary activities and contribute to their community since they are considered to have acquired hands-on experience as well as have a spirit of dedication and responsibility. Consequently, they can gain better job opportunities as their resumes are filled with such work. In conclusion, while there are some drawbacks to forcing young people to partake in charity work such as wasting precious time and being taken advantage of, these are surpassed by the positives including better morality and increased chances of employment. This is provided that schools and workplaces reduce the workload for young people so that they have enough time to join unpaid work to gain its benefits. (Word count: 410) 16. 12/05/2022 Question: As major cities in the world are growing today, so do their problems. What are the problems for young people living in the cities as the result of continued growth? What are the solutions to these problems? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Metropolitan areas Khu vực đô thị Young dwellers Cư dân trẻ The proliferation of urban areas Sự gia tăng các khu vực đô thị Reside in small houses Cư trú trong những ngôi nhà nhỏ Receive proper medical treatment Nhận được sự điều trị y tế thích hợp Face intense competitiveness Đối mặt với khả năng cạnh tranh gay gắt Fall below the poverty line Rất nghèo khổ Build their career Xây dựng sự nghiệp của họ Allocate more funding for… Phân bổ nhiều tài trợ hơn cho… The provision of financial support Sự cung cấp hỗ trợ tài chính Metropolitan areas Khu vực đô thị Young dwellers Cư dân trẻ The proliferation of urban areas Sự gia tăng các khu vực đô thị EXAMPLE There are more metropolitan areas in the world. This tendency leads to serious issues for young dwellers in such areas relating to lower living standards and the higher unemployment rate. However, these problems can be solved by providing financial aid and job opportunities. There are two main obstacles for young people resulting from the proliferation of urban areas. The main one is that they may suffer from a decreasing quality of living. More specifically, due to high living expenses in big cities, the youths cannot afford medical fees as well as a house to live in. Therefore, they would likely reside in small houses with poor living conditions or not receive proper medical treatment, thus leading to their low life satisfaction. Additionally, a higher youth unemployment rate is attributed to the growth of large cities. This is because the youths have to face intense competitiveness in the job market as such areas often attract numerous young people to come and seek employment. Consequently, many of them who are not experienced easily become jobless. However, these aforementioned problems can be tackled by two measures. First and foremost, the government should financially support young people who fall below the poverty line in big cities. To be more specific, they should be given monetary assistance to cover their living costs for a certain period of time until their lives stabilize. As a result, they can be encouraged to overcome difficulties while building their career. Second, more chances for employment should be promoted in rural areas. This can be implemented if the state allocates more funding for the construction of new companies or factories in the countryside to create many jobs for local inhabitants, discouraging them to move to bigger cities. Thus, the job competition in urban areas would decrease. In conclusion, although the increase in big cities poses a threat to young people’s quality of life and job prospects, the provision of financial support and chances to work in rural areas are potential solutions to these issues. It is advisable that the government should take care of the young in urban areas by implementing effective policies. (Word count: 352) 17. 18/06/2022 Question: Young people are committing more crimes. Discuss the causes and solutions for this problem. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Juvenile delinquency Sự phạm pháp vị thành niên Impoverished living conditions Điều kiện sống nghèo khổ Incorporating lessons in ethics in schools Lồng ghép các bài học về đạo đức ở trường học Committing illegal acts Thực hiện các hành vi bất hợp pháp Fulfill their moral duty Hoàn thành nghĩa vụ đạo đức của họ Generational neglect Sự bỏ bê thế hệ Live in destitution Sống trong cảnh thiếu thốn Earn a living by illegitimate means Kiếm sống bằng các cách bất hợp pháp Bolster crucial services Tăng cường các dịch vụ quan trọng Financially secure Ổn định về tài chính The lack of parental guidance Sự thiếu hướng dẫn của cha mẹ EXAMPLE It has been observed that juvenile delinquency is on the rise. Some of the leading causes behind this issue are the lack of attention from parents and their impoverished living conditions. However, there are some actions that can be implemented to tackle this development, such as incorporating lessons in ethics in schools and allocating more funding towards essential services such as education and social security. To begin with, there are a few reasons why more of the youth are committing illegal acts. One of them is that parents may fail to fulfill their moral duty to take care of their offspring and guide them on what is right or wrong because they may either be too busy with their work or lack the skills or knowledge due to generational neglect. Thus, these children may be forced into surviving on their own by any means necessary, even if it means breaking the law. Furthermore, some of these youth may also live in destitution and therefore cannot afford to live a normal childhood. As such, they may also be forced to earn a living by illegitimate means. Fortunately, some actions can be taken to resolve this issue. Firstly, the government can pass measures to incorporate ethics into the national school curriculum. There can be some lessons every week that teach children how to behave responsibly in society. That way, children can learn from a young age what the consequences are for committing crime and thus be deterred from doing it. In addition, the state should also devote more funding to bolster crucial services namely education and social security. As these services are key to a functioning society and as people become better educated and more financially secure, there would be less of an incentive for them to commit crimes. In conclusion, the lack of parental guidance and poverty are the leading factors behind the rise in juvenile crime. However, it can be addressed by teaching children ethics lessons and providing more financial resources to education and the social safety net. (Word count: 338) 18. 25/06/2022 Question: Some people believe that the government should not spend money on international aid when they have their own disadvantaged people like the homeless and unemployed. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Underprivileged people Những người bị thiệt thòi, nghèo Symbolize human decency Tượng trưng cho sự tử tế của con người Provide overseas fiscal aid Cung cấp viện trợ tài chính ở nước ngoài Recognize this goodwill gesture Nhận ra cử chỉ thiện chí này Reciprocate their favour Đáp lại ơn, trả ơn Fostering cross-border friendship Bồi đắp tình hữu nghị xuyên biên giới Strategic partners Đối tác chiến lược Favourable trade concessions Nhượng bộ thương mại thuận lợi Promote humanity Thúc đẩy tính nhân đạo Sustain their lives Duy trì cuộc sống của họ Benevolence Lòng nhân từ A world rich in kindness Một thế giới giàu lòng nhân ái EXAMPLE It is argued that the state budget should not be allocated towards international support since underprivileged people such as the homeless and unemployed in the country need to be financially aided. I totally disagree with this notion as foreign aid enhances solidarity among nations and symbolizes human decency. To begin with, I consider the government should provide overseas fiscal aid since it strengthens the unity of different nations around the globe. More specifically, a country which receives monetary assistance from others in times of difficulty would likely recognize this goodwill gesture and reciprocate their favour, fostering cross-border friendship. For instance, due to the financial support of the Russian government for Vietnam in the Vietnam War, these two nations have intensified their friendly relations. As a result, they have become strategic partners in terms of the global economy, leading to favourable trade concessions from which the donating country would financially benefit in another way. Furthermore, financial support across the globe should be encouraged since it promotes humanity. To be more specific, politicians in wealthy countries can display their nation’s care and empathy for people in less economically developed ones by offering them financial support, enabling them to sustain their lives and solve urgent problems. To illustrate, during the Covid 19 pandemic, the US government financially supported Vietnam in the form of providing free Moderna vaccines for Vietnamese citizens as they faced a great health threat, saving thousands of people and being praised for their benevolence. Therefore, sharing and empathising could be highly valued, promoting a world rich in kindness. In conclusion, I firmly maintain that foreign aid can intensify the bonds among nations and engender human empathy. It is advisable that the state should develop the nation to be able to financially offer support globally. (Word count: 294) 19. 16/07/2022 Question: In some parts of the world it is increasingly popular to research the history of one’s own family. Why do people want to do this? Is it a positive or negative development? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Squander valuable time Lãng phí thời gian quý giá Research family history Nghiên cứu lịch sử gia đình Genetically inherited health concerns Những lo ngại về sức khỏe di truyền Next of kin Thân nhân Compare genes So sánh gen Consume a substantial amount of time Tiêu tốn một lượng thời gian đáng kể Potential health risks Những rủi ro sức khỏe tiềm ẩn Excessively worried Lo lắng quá mức Enjoy their lives to the fullest Tận hưởng cuộc sống của họ một cách trọn vẹn nhất Research one’s own origins Nghiên cứu nguồn gốc của ai EXAMPLE It is increasingly common for people in different nations to investigate research the history of their own families. There are some reasons behind this tendency including better health choices and increased connections with other kin. It is believed to be a negative trend since it squanders valuable time and has detrimental influence on people’s mental health. The growing trend in researching family history can be attributed to two reasons. The primary one is the reinforcement of health choices. This is because people can be provided with information regarding genetically inherited health concerns as they learn about their ancestors, hence acknowledging their own health risks and adopting a certain lifestyle to avoid potential health problems. The second explanation is the connection with other relatives. More specifically, people can find their relatives whom they lost contact with due to geographical barriers or wars. For instance, numerous Vietnamese refugees have found their missing next of kin through Bionet, a DNA database bank, as it enables users to compare genes to seek information about their family tree online. However, conducting research regarding the origins of their own family is negative to some extent. First and foremost, it consumes a substantial amount of time. To be more specific, researchers have to go through a long process of collecting and analyzing data of their relationships and family records, which is inconvenient for people in a modern society with hectic schedules. Another justification is that people’s mental well-being can be adversely affected. To illustrate, after realizing potential health risks that they can inherit from their forefathers, they are more likely to become excessively worried and cannot enjoy their lives to the fullest instead of paying attention to the present. In conclusion, the proliferation of researching one’s own origins is due to the acknowledgement of their own medical risks and enhanced connections with other relatives. Nevertheless, it has some drawbacks such as time-consuming and the negative impacts on people’s mental well-being. (Word count: 325) 20. 20/08/2022 Question: Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will no longer be necessary because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a computer. Do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Historical and artisic displays Sự trưng bày lịch sử và nghệ thuật Encourage social connections Khuyến khích kết nối xã hội Valuable assets to the tourism industry Tài sản quý giá đối với ngành du lịch Tangible evidence Bằng chứng hữu hình Static pictures and videos of artwork Ảnh tĩnh và video về tác phẩm nghệ thuật Sacred atmosphere Bầu không khí linh thiêng Culturally and historically significant places Địa điểm có ý nghĩa về văn hóa và lịch sử Enhance genuine social interactions Tăng cường các tương tác xã hội chân thực Artistic creations and invaluable artefacts Tác phẩm nghệ thuật và đồ tạo tác vô giá Isolated experience behind the screen Trải nghiệm biệt lập đằng sau màn hình Valuable assets to the tourism industry Tài sản quý giá đối với ngành du lịch EXAMPLE There is currently a contentious argument advocating that historical and artisic displays for the general public are predicted to disappear due to the proliferation of artwork and artefacts on the Internet. I strongly disagree with this notion since these places play an indispensable part in promoting tourism and encouraging social connections. The first reason why I advocate for the preservation of museums and art galleries is because they are valuable assets to the tourism industry. More specifically, these places are tangible evidence of a country’s past and national identity; hence, numerous tourists consider including them on their to-do lists to explore cultural and historical values in person. Compared to static pictures and videos of artwork on the Internet, visitors can sense the sacred atmosphere generated by an institution housing historical artefacts and grasp a deeper understanding of past events through the guide’s narration. For example, the historic Hoa Lo prison in Hanoi has attracted a substantial number of tourists since it vividly demonstrates the plight of Vietnamese prisoners in the war with the French, leading to increased tourism revenue. Another justification for why I do not believe that the existence of culturally and historically significant places will become obsolete is that they enhance genuine social interactions. By observing artistic creations and invaluable artefacts directly, people would likely have more chances to initiate conversations with those present who have the same interest and exchange their opinions on pieces of artwork. As a result, their relationships can be strengthened, paying the way for greater bonds in their lives. By contrast, viewing images of artwork only generates an isolated experience behind the screen. In conclusion, I am completely against the redundancy of museums and art galleries since it causes substantial losses to the tourism industry and deprives people of social connections. It is advisable that the government should implement some measures to preserve these places to maintain their historical and social values. (Word count: 319) 21. 27/08/2022 Question: As transport and accommodation problems are increasing in many cities, some governments encourage businesses to move to rural areas. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT A shortage of skilled labour Sự thiếu hụt lao động có kỹ năng The narrowed wealth gap Khoảng cách giàu nghèo được thu hẹp Pay scant attention to proper waste treatment Ít chú ý đến việc xử lý chất thải đúng yêu cầu Local water bodies and land Các vùng nước và đất đai địa phương The lack of highly qualified labour Thiếu lao động có trình độ cao Intellectually involved professions Các ngành nghề liên quan đến trí tuệ The hinterland Vùng xa thành thị Minimise the financial gap Giảm thiểu khoảng cách tài chính Attract more foreign investment Thu hút nhiều vốn đầu tư nước ngoài Relocation packages Gói di dời EXAMPLE It is prevalent that governments are recommending firms to relocate to the countryside to alleviate issues regarding transport and housing in urban areas. Although this tendency poses a threat to the environment and may result in a shortage of skilled labour in rural areas, the benefits including more job opportunities for local people and the narrowed wealth gap between regions are more significant. On the one hand, there are two drawbacks associated with encouraging enterprises to move to the countryside. The first is that it can trigger environmental damage in the area. This is explained by the fact that industrial activities implemented by these companies often release a substantial amount of waste. If such businesses pay scant attention to proper waste treatment, more untreated waste could be discharged into local water bodies and land, contaminating the living areas of rural residents. Another demerit is the lack of highly qualified labour. More specifically, as most people living in small towns and villages are less likely to receive sufficient education to pursue more intellectually involved professions, firms in such places often find it challenging to recruit skilled employees. On the other hand, the relocation of corporations to the hinterland offers more noticeable benefits. The first one is there can be more employment opportunities for rural dwellers. To be more specific, although it may be hard to employ white-collar workers, businesses can still provide jobs for numerous blue-collar ones. As a result, they can acquire higher income and have a better quality of life. Additionally, this can minimise the financial gap between rural and urban areas. This is because an increasing number of companies operating in the countryside can enable the rural economy to thrive and attract more foreign investment, thus discouraging more people from residing in big cities. In conclusion, I completely agree that the merits such as the provision of better job opportunities and the narrower financial gap in different areas over the demerits of environmental contamination and the shortage of highly skilled workers because these downsides can be tackled by offering relocation packages to skilled workers to convince them to work in rural regions and rigorous monitoring by environmental agencies to prevent any major environmental harm from discharge of waste. (World count: 370) 22. 03/09/2022 Question: Some people think that the detailed criminal description on newspapers and TV has bad influences, so this kind of information should be restricted in the media. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Criminal acts Các hành vi phạm tội Be reported meticulously Được tường trình tỉ mỉ Violate the laws Vi phạm luật pháp Replicate infractions Sao chép các vi phạm Commit the original crime Phạm tội ban đầu Imitate this horrible act Bắt chước hành động khủng khiếp này The detailed presentation of crimes Sự trình bày chi tiết về tội ác A victim of a potential crime Một nạn nhân của một tội phạm tiềm tàng Experience a sense of insecurity Trải qua cảm giác bất an A loose-knit community Một cộng đồng lỏng lẻo, thiếu sự kết nối EXAMPLE It is argued that reporting crimes in detail in printed newspapers and on television is detrimental; therefore, it should be limited. I completely agree with this notion since it gives rise to criminal acts and people’s anxiety. The first reason for my view that crimes should not be reported meticulously is because it encourages viewers to violate the laws. More specifically, numerous teenagers tend to follow or replicate infractions presented with detailed procedures, methods and tools mainly because they have great curiosity or they want to make a grand impression by proving that they can be better than the person who committed the original crime. For instance, Shinochiro Azima, a 14-year-old student in Japan killed two students in 1997 by cutting off their heads after watching a documentary about an American criminal, the Zodiac Killer, who performed the same acts. As he was being interrogated, he admitted that he imitated this horrible act since he wanted to impress other people. Consequently, this may pose a threat to social stability due to growing crime rates. Another justification for why I oppose the detailed presentation of crimes via the mass media is that members of the public’s anxiety can be triggered. This is because they may consider their community unsafe and then hesitate to connect with others as too many cruel acts are reported in the media. They would likely feel afraid of being a victim of a potential crime and constantly experience a sense of insecurity. As a result, it could lead to a loose-knit community where people are not willing to support those in need. In conclusion, I strongly oppose the idea of presenting detailed crime reports on newspapers and television because it provokes more individuals to be driven to crime and arouses people’s apprehension. It is advisable that the details of the crimes should be completely banned to minimise its adverse impacts on viewers. (World count: 317) 23. 17/09/2022 Question: In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use of cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT In the high streets of towns Trên những con phố lớn của thị trấn Non-car owners Những người không sở hữu ô tô Large-scale shopping centers Các trung tâm mua sắm quy mô lớn Entry-level jobs Những công việc không đòi hỏi kinh nghiệm Management positions Các vị trí quản lý Curb unemployment Giảm sự thất nghiệp Suburban shops Các cửa hàng ngoại ô Profitable endeavours Những hoạt động có ích Personal motorised vehicles Các phương tiện cơ giới cá nhân Become more unreachable on foot Trở nên khó tiếp cận hơn khi đi bộ EXAMPLE In various parts of the world, a number of small stores in the high streets of towns have gone bankrupt due to the dominance of large stores located on the outskirts. This has led to difficulty in accessibility for non-car owners and an increase in car usage. While there might be a positive influence to this change, I believe the negative impacts are by far more significant. On the one hand, large-scale shopping centers may create more employment opportunities for local communities where they operate. These opportunities can vary, ranging from entry-level jobs to management positions. A good example in this case is Walmart. Each of the brand’s supermarkets is estimated to hire up to two thousand people working as customer assistants, goods couriers, or other back-office positions with competitive benefit packages. As many of these employees are from nearby areas, Walmart has been praised by some town councils for helping to curb unemployment, sustaining local development. However, one of many drawbacks is that the prevalence of suburban shops causes great inconvenience to customers. Many shoppers now are unable to make a quick purchase at nearby convenience stores which used to be omnipresent in town centers, and instead they have to spend time traveling to shop instead of on other profitable endeavours such as studying, working and resting. Another disadvantage is that the use of personal motorised vehicles is on a rise. As stores become more unreachable on foot, many urban denizens would switch to owning and driving cars, leading to a significant increase in the number of vehicles on the road. This inevitably gives rise to the quantity of exhaust fumes from car engines which exacerbate environmental pollution, as well as congestion and increased damage to road infrastructure. In conclusion, I agree that the demerits such as inconvenience of shopping to local people and adverse impacts on the environment and traffic issues outweigh the merit of providing a certain number of jobs. Therefore, I maintain that authorities should provide financial and management support to encourage the development of small stores in the downtown. (World count: 344) 24. 03/12/2022 Question: Some people think that it's important to spend money on family celebrations (e.g. weddings, birthdays). However, some think that expensive celebrations are a waste of money. Discuss both views and give your opinion. WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Family festivities Ngày lễ gia đình Spend exorbitantly Chi tiêu quá mức Extravagant Xa hoa Practical purposes Mục đich thực tiễn Sustain their lives Duy trì cuộc sống của họ Foster family values Nuôi dưỡng giá trị gia đình Long-lasting bonds Sự gắn kết lâu dài Familial relationships Quan hệ gia đình Financial state Tình trạng tài chính Family festivities Ngày lễ gia đình Exacerbate environmental pollution Làm trầm trọng thêm tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường EXAMPLE It is sometimes argued that allocating funding to family festivities such as weddings and birthdays is necessary. Nevertheless, others contend that it squanders money. This essay will elaborate on the opposing perspectives and the reasons why I am in favour of the former view. Admittedly, spending exorbitantly on family celebrations can be seen as extravagant to some extent. First, these celebrations last only one day or a few hours, which often lead to a waste of food and other elements, and are often not appreciated by guests. Therefore, the expenditure on them should be used for more practical purposes such as electricity, food supply, healthcare and their children’s education. Specifically, for those of low income, allocating income to regular occasions like these is not vital for them to sustain their lives. Furthermore, organizing these occasions also creates expectations from children, friends and family members that this is the norm, so if the budget does not allow for them in the future, then their expectations are not met, leading to dissatisfaction among them. However, spending on household activities and celebrations is reasonable due to several benefits. The first one is that it can strengthen bonds between family members. This is because they have opportunities to reunite and update each other on their lives. For instance, a wedding is a special occasion for people to gather and share with their relatives about their current matters such as jobs, marital status and life events, forging their relationships. Another advantage is that family celebrations can foster family values. To illustrate, as a 30th wedding anniversary displays people’s long-lasting bonds, organizing this type of event may encourage other married couples to focus on strengthening their relationships. In conclusion, each point of view has its own merits; however, I am of the opinion that people should spend their money on family celebrations because their familial relationships can be boosted and family values can be nurtured. However, costly celebrations should be organized by the wealthy only as they are financially affordable for them. It is advisable that people should refer to their financial state to decide how elaborate their family celebrations can be. (Word count: 356 words) 25. 17/12/2022 Question: In many countries people increasingly talk about money (how much they earn or how much they pay for things in their daily conversations). Why? Is this a positive or negative trend? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Income figures Con số thu nhập Reasonable spending Chi tiêu hợp lý Spending allocations Phân bổ chi tiêu Budget Chi tiêu, phân bổ chi tiêu Competitive salaries Mức lương cạnh tranh Better paying jobs Công việc được trả lương cao hơn Alter between occupations Đổi việc Personnel management and retention Quản lý và giữ chân nhân sự The human resources department Phòng nhân sự Attract and retain talents Thu hút và giữ chân nhân tài EXAMPLE People in different parts of the world are more open to talk about their income figures and expenses with others. This is attributed to the desire to learn about reasonable spending and seek better job opportunities. I believe that this propensity is detrimental to both businesses and individuals. There are two driving factors behind the tendency of sharing their salary and spending among individuals. The first one is that they want to receive advice in terms of expenditure. This is because they can compare spending allocations for different aspects of their lives with others and learn from each other how to budget more wisely. Another justification is that they are inclined to acquire more information about competitive salaries, identifying better chances in the job market. When conversing with friends and colleagues about income, employees can be informed about better paying jobs and more desirable workplaces. As a result, they would likely alter between occupations and workplaces to earn more money. However, I consider that this tendency has adverse impacts on both employers and employees. In terms of the former, it poses a threat to personnel management and retention. For instance, it is challenging for the human resources department in each company to offer a suitable salary to each employee when personnel openly share about their income in the workplace, failing to attract and retain talents who deserve higher income. Furthermore, people’s mentality can be adversely influenced. More specifically, they are likely to be stressed and depressed when finding out that others are able to spend more or purchase things that they can afford. In conclusion, the rising trend of conversing about income and spending matters is rooted from the yearning for useful advice on budgeting and higher paying jobs. Nevertheless, I contend that it has deleterious influence on both employers’ management and individuals’ mental well-being. (Word count: 305) 26. 29/12/2022 Question: Some people think that the best way to increase road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars or riding motorbikes. To what extent do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT The minimum age of eligibility for drivers Độ tuổi tối thiểu cho người lái xe Careless driving Lái xe bất cẩn Reckless driving Mitigate traffic incidents Giảm thiểu sự cố giao thông Enact more severe punishments Ban hành các hình phạt nghiêm khắc hơn Commit traffic-based infringements Vi phạm luật giao thông Exceed the speed limit Vượt quá giới hạn tốc độ Have their driver’s licence revoked Bị tước giấy phép lái xe Join the traffic Tham gia giao thông Violate traffic laws Vi phạm luật giao thông Underage drivers Tài xế chưa đủ tuổi Mitigate traffic incidents Giảm thiểu sự cố giao thông EXAMPLE It is argued that the most effective measure to improve road safety is raising the minimum age of eligibility for drivers. I mostly disagree with this notion since it can reduce careless driving; however, I am of the opinion that it is ideal to combine it with other approaches such as imposing stricter punishments and upgrading public transportation. Admittedly, increasing the minimum legal driving age can reduce traffic accidents which boosts the safety of roads. More specifically, this practice deters young commuters who are immature and unaware of the repercussions of their actions from reckless driving. As people get older, they are more mature and responsible when they are in traffic, therefore, potentially mitigating traffic incidents; generating a safer environment for other commuters. However, this proposal is not optimal by itself since there are two other effective measures which should sit alongside older licensing ages for the best outcome. Chief of these is that the government should enact more severe punishments to prevent drivers from committing traffic-based infringements. For example, drivers who exceed the speed limit or drink alcohol while driving should have to pay a heavy monetary fine or have their driver’s licence revoked. As a result, more drivers will obey the rules while joining the traffic. Another approach is for the government to enhance the public transportation infrastructure such as bus and train services to encourage citizens to use them in their daily life. This can lead to a decline in the number of people utilising private vehicles and therefore safer roads. In conclusion, I somewhat disagree that increasing the legal driving age can encourage safer travelling, as I believe that other solutions in conjunction with it such as the introduction of more grave punishments on those who violate traffic laws and the enhancement of public transportation combine to make the most viable solution since not all accidents are caused by underage drivers. It is advisable that all three options should be considered by authorities to address traffic problems effectively. (Word count: 332) 27. 11/02/2023 Question: Some people think that if a country is already rich, any addition in economic wealth does not make its citizens happier. Do you agree or disagree? WORD LIST ENGLISH TIẾNG VIỆT Give rise to work demands Gia tăng nhu cầu làm việc Widen the gap between social classes Mở rộng khoảng cách giữa các tầng lớp xã hội Economic prosperity Sự thịnh vượng về kinh tế Foster innovation Thúc đẩy đổi mới Extended working hours Giờ làm việc kéo dài Increase income inequality Gia tăng bất bình đẳng thu nhập Magnates Người giàu Improved quality of life Chất lượng cuộc sống được cải thiện A thriving economy Một nền kinh tế thịnh vượng Financial ability Khả năng tài chính Income disparity Sự chênh lệch thu nhập Economic affluence Sự sung túc về kinh tế EXAMPLE It is argued that economic progress in wealthy countries cannot enable their citizens to feel more satisfied. Although I admit that greater affluence can give rise to work demands and widen the gap between social classes, I mostly disagree with this notion since it ensures greater sense of comfort among people in the form of enhanced living conditions and effective solutions to community concerns. On the one hand, I concede that the citizens of a prosperous nation might not experience greater happiness as a result of further economic prosperity in several aspects. The first one is that individuals often assume a greater workload. More specifically, in order to expand the economy, businesses have to boost their productivity and foster innovation, which normally translates into extended working hours. This may leave employees less time for personal lives, leading to exacerbating their mental health issues such as stress and depression. Furthermore, expanding the economy has the potential to increase income inequality. This is because the benefits of economic growth are often concentrated in the hands of a few magnates or corporations, rather than being shared equally among all citizens. As a result, employees receiving minimal or no wage increments may feel discontented. On the other hand, I consider improving the economy is associated with increased happiness among citizens for several reasons. Most noticeably, an increase in wealth can also result in improved quality of life. Those living in a thriving economy can be offered better living conditions, improved infrastructure and greater access to leisure and entertainment. Therefore, their level of satisfaction can be higher. Another justification is the financial ability to address social problems. To be more specific, economic growth can provide resources for governments to tackle social problems like poverty, inequality and unemployment. If people see that their government is taking action to address these issues, they may feel more optimistic and content with their lives. In conclusion, while increased wealth can trigger a higher volume of work and income disparity in society, I am of the opinion that it greatly contributes to one’s fulfilment due to better living standards and social issues being tackled to establish more pleasant communities. It is advisable that nations should continue to boost their economic affluence while considering their people’s happiness. (Word count: 376)
