UNIT 4: Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns
How many songs can you play on your guitar?
I know a lot of / some / a few songs.
I don’t know many / any songs.
There were too many people there.
Uncountable nouns
How much rock music do you have?
I have a lot of / some / a little rock music.
I don’t have much / any pop music.
You have too much pop music.
Countable nouns can be singular or plural.
Uncountable nouns are always singular.
• Did you buy one ticket or two tickets?
• All their music is very unusual.
We can use many and a few before
countable nouns and much and a little before
uncountable nouns. We can use a lot of,
some, (not) any, before either.
• He doesn’t have many / a lot of friends.
• He doesn’t have much / a lot of money.
UNIT 5: Prepositions of place
I live in a small house.
The living room is at the top of the stairs.
The door is at the bottom of the stairs.
There is a large blue rug on the floor.
It has a red border around it.
There is a bookshelf on the left / on the right.
A table is to the left of / to the right of the sofa.
There is a TV in front of the sofa.
There is a window behind the sofa.
There is a garage next to my house.
I park my car inside the garage.
There are some trees between my house and
my neighbor’s house.
We can use prepositions to describe the
location of things.
• There is a picture on the wall.
• Your coat is in the closet.
• There is a lamp next to the sofa.
Some prepositions have opposites.
• The plant is to the left of the table.
• The table is to the right of the plant.
• The table is in front of the sofa.
• The sofa is behind the table.
UNIT 6: Reported speech
“I need help.”
I said (that) I needed help.
I told him (that) I needed help.
“Stop.”
I told him to stop.
“Don’t continue.”
I told him not to continue.
“I want an ice cream.”
She said (that) she wanted an ice cream.
“I don’t understand.”
He said (that) he didn’t understand.
When we use tell, we name the person that is
spoken to. With say, we do not.
• He told me (that) he was sorry.
• He said (that) he was sorry.
We use tell someone to when we want to
report orders or advice.
• She told me to be quiet.
He told her not to worry.
Present tense verbs often change to a past
tense form in reported speech.
• “I believe in you.”
He said that he believed in me.
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