UNIT 07.- LA GEOSFERA

UIDAD: 7.- LA GEOSFERA.
MATERIALES DE LA CORTEZA TERRESTRE.
La corteza terrestre está formada por diferentes materiales, los más importantes son:
• Los minerales: Son sustancias sólidas con una composición definida, es decir, están formados por uno o más
elementos en una proporción determinada, y por lo tanto podemos expresarlo con una fórmula química.
• Las rocas: Son sustancias sólidas sin una composición definida, es decir, están formados por la combinación de varios
elementos sin una proporción determinada, y por lo tanto no podemos expresarlo con una fórmula química.
LOS MIERALES.
• Composición de los minerales: Los principales elementos que intervienen en la composición de los minerales son:
oxígeno, silicio, aluminio, hierro, calcio, sodio, potasio y magnesio. Otros elementos se encuentran en una proporción
muy pequeña: carbón, oro, cobre, uranio, etc.
- Silicatos: están formados por los elementos más frecuentes: oxígeno y silicio.
- o silicatos: están formados por los demás compuestos.
- Elementos nativos: se encuentran puros en la naturaleza, sin combinarse con otros: oro, plata, etc.
PROPIEDADES DE LOS MIERALES
• Propiedades físicas: Son características que se pueden observar y determinar de forma sencilla. La composición
química y la disposición de los átomos influyen en muchas propiedades físicas:
- Densidad: es la relación que existe entre la masa del mineral y su volumen.
- Dureza: es la resistencia que ofrecen los minerales a ser rayado. Si se raya con la uña es blando (dureza baja), si
no raya al vidrio es duro (dureza media) y si raya al vidrio es muy duro (dureza alta).
- Color: depende de la luz que absorbe o refleja el mineral.
- Brillo: es el aspecto que ofrece la superficie al reflejar la luz. Puede tener brillo metálico (como los metales),
adamantino (como el diamante), nacarado (como el nácar), graso (como el aceite), sedoso (como la seda), vitreo
(como el vidrio), etc.
- Exfoliación: si se rompen fácilmente en láminas paralelas
- Diafanidad: es el grado de transparencia del mineral. Puede ser: opaco (si no deja pasar la luz), translúcido (si
deja pasar la luz, pero no las imágenes) y transparente (si deja pasar la luz y las imágenes).
UTILIDAD DE LOS MIERALES.
• Menas: Son los minerales que nos son útiles. Se extraen de las minas. Son rentables cuando el beneficio es mayor que
los gastos de explotación.
• Gangas: Son los minerales que no son rentables.
• Menas metalíferas: Son las que nos proporcionan metales:
- El hierro: se extrae de la magnetita, oligisto, etc.
- El cobre: se extrae de la calcopirita.
- El plomo: se extrae de la galena.
- El cinc: se extrae de la blenda.
- El aluminio: se extrae de la bauxita.
• Menas no metalíferas: Son los minerales que no dan metales
- Materiales de construcción: como el talco, el azufre, el grafito, el yeso, etc.
- Joyería: como el diamante, la esmeralda, el zafiro, el rubí, etc. Reciben el nombre de piedras preciosas.
CLAVE PARA CLASIFICAR.
• Es un método para identificar a los minerales, rocas, etc, su funcionamiento es muy sencillo: se nos ofrecen dos
opciones, seleccionamos la que cumple nuestro mineral y nos propone otras dos, y así sucesivamente hasta que
identifiquemos al mineral.
• Ejemplo de clave para identificar un mineral:
uestro mineral
ombre del mineral
a) ¿Se raya con la uña?
Yeso
b) ¿No se raya con la uña?
a) ¿Raya al vidrio?
a) ¿Es incoloro?
Cuarzo
b) ¿Es verde?
Olivino
b) ¿No raya al vidrio?
a) ¿Es exfoliable?
Mica
b) ¿No es exfoliable?
Calcita
LAS ROCAS.
Clasificación de las rocas: Según su origen las rocas se clasifican en:
• Sedimentarias: los fragmentos arrancados de las rocas son arrastrados hasta donde se han depositado, por ejemplo:
arcilla, arenisca, etc. A veces se acumulan en el fondo de mares, lagos, etc. por ejemplo: conglomerado
• Metamórficas: se originan a partir de rocas sedimentarias que han recibido un gran cambio, debido a la presión de
zonas profundas de la naturaleza, por ejemplo: la pizarra. A veces el cambio se produce debido a la temperatura de
zonas profundas, por ejemplo: el mármol
• Magmáticas: se origina cuando el magma se enfría lentamente en el interior de la corteza terrestre, por ejemplo: el
granito (formado por cuarzo, feldespato y mica). O cuando el magma se enfría rápidamente cuando sale a la superficie
por los volcanes, por ejemplo: el basalt.
LAS ROCAS E ADALUCÍA.
En Andalucía hay gran
variedad de rocas. La cuenca del
Guadalquivir divide a la Comunidad de
Andalucía en dos zonas diferentes:
• Sierra Morena y sierra de
Aracena: Al norte, son las rocas
más antiguas de toda Andalucía.
Las rocas silíceas de origen
magmático
(granitos),
metamórficas (pizarras, esquistos,
cuarcitas, etc) y sedimentarias
(areniscas), son las más comunes.
• Cordilleras Béticas: Al sur, son
varias sierras distintas:
- Zona interna: Sierras de:
Filabres, Baza, Sierra Nevada,
etc. Las rocas metamórficas
de composición silícea
(esquistos, neises, etc.) y de composición calcárea (mármoles), son las más comunes.
- Zona externa: Sierras de: Mágina, Cazorla, Segura, etc. Las rocas sedimentarias de composición calcárea (calizas),
son las más comunes.
• Campo de Gibraltar: Rocas sedimentarias (areniscas)
• Depresiones: Situadas en los valles de los principales ríos andaluces, sobre todo del Guadalquivir. Abundan las rocas
sedimentarias de composición arcillosa.
• Zona Volcánica: Se localiza en el cabo de Gata. Son rocas silíceas.
UTILIDAD DE LAS ROCAS.
Las rocas industriales son aquellas que nos son útiles:
• En construcción: Muchas rocas se utilizan para hacer ladrillos, cemento, vidrio, grava, etc.
• Como ornamento: Algunas rocas se utilizan para decorar, como las piedras ornamentales, mármol, granito, pizarra,
etc.
LOS COMBUSTIBLES FÓSILES.
Antes se consideraban rocas, pero hoy no.
• El carbón: Se formó cuando los vegetales quedaron enterrados y expuestos a ciertas bacterias por largos periodos de
tiempo. Existe carbón de varias clases: el lignito, la hulla y la antracita.
• El petróleo: Es un líquido oscuro que se formó a partir de organismos marinos que quedaron enterrados y que se
transformaron en petróleo gracias a unas bacterias. De él se extrae combustibles como el propano, el butano, la
gasolina, etc. Además de otras sustancias no combustibles, como el alquitrán, los plásticos, etc.
EL USO RESPOSABLE DE LOS RECURSOS.
• Los riesgos de la extracción: tanto para la salud de los que trabajan en la extracción (polvo, explosiones,
hundimientos, etc.), como para el medio ambiente (contaminación de los ecosistemas, etc.).
• Contaminación del Medio Ambiente: Se puede contaminar por el uso (que damos a esas rocas y minerales), por el
transporte (que puede originar vertidos, etc.), en las industrias de transformación, etc.
• Problemas derivados del consumo: Algunos recursos se han agotado y otros como el petróleo se agotará
relativamente pronto.
• Solución a estos problemas:
- Debemos hacer una explotación responsable de los recursos.
- Debemos ser respetuoso con el Medio Ambiente.
- Debemos lograr un desarrollo sostenible.
- Debemos concienciarnos y comprometernos con el reciclado de los materiales.
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
UIT: 7.- THE GEOSPHERE.
MATERIALS OF THE TERRESTRIAL CRUST.
The terrestrial crust is formed by different materials, the most important are:
• Minerals: They are solid substances with a defined composition, that is to say, they are formed by
one or more elements in a certain proportion that we can express with a chemical formula.
• Rocks: They are solid substances without a defined composition, that is to say, they are formed by
the combination of several elements without a certain proportion, and therefore we cannot express
it with a chemical formula.
1.- Copy this information:
2.- Translate these words:
Minerals:
Terrestrial crust:
Defined composition:
rocks:
chemical formula:
certain proportion
3.- What are minerals?
4.- a) Label these minerals:
Pyrite (Pirita)
Andalusite(Andalucita)Sphalerite (Blenda)
Calcite (Calcita)
Cinnabar (Cinabrio)
b) Label these minerals:
Quartz (cuarzo)
Garnet (granate)
Hematite (oligisto)
Orthoclase (ortosa)
5.- Match with arrows:
pyrite
andalusite
Sphalerite
Calcite
Cinnabar
Quartz
Garnet
Hematite
Orthoclase
Gypsum
6.- Write a “T” if the phrase is true and “F” if the phrase is false
a) Minerals are solid substances with a defined composition.
b) Rocks are solid substances without a defined composition.
c) Minerals: we can express with a chemical formula.
d) Rocks: we cannot express with a chemical formula.
Gypsum (yeso)
7.- a) Label these rocks:
Sandstone (Arenisca) Limestone (Caliza)
Schists (Esquisto)
Granite (Granito)
Marble (Mármol)
7.- b) Label these rocks:
Basalt (basalto) Quartzite (cuarcita) Gneiss (gneiss) Obsidian (obsidiana) Shale (pizarra)
Rhyolite (riolita)
8.- Match with arrows:
Sandstone
Basalt
Limestone
Quartzite
Schists
Gneiss
Granite
Marble
Obsidian
Shale
Rhyolite
9.- Complete:
a) Rocks: They are _______________substances ____________ a defined composition, that is to say,
they are formed by ______________________ elements __________________ proportion, and
therefore we _________ express it with a chemical formula.
b) Minerals: They are ___________ substances __________ a defined composition, that is to say, they
are formed by ____________________ elements __________________ proportion, and therefore we
________ express with a chemical formula.
c) The terrestrial crust is formed by______________, the most important are: _________ and ________.
10.- Match these columns with arrows:
with a defined composition
cannot express it with a chemical formula.
Minerals
solid substances
without a defined composition
Rocks
Are materials of the terrestrial crust
without a certain proportion
can express with a chemical formula
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
MIERALS.
• Composition of minerals: The main elements that form the composition of minerals are: oxygen,
silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Other elements exist in very
small proportion: carbon, gold, copper, uranium, etc.
- Silicates: they are formed by the most frequent elements: oxygen and silicon.
- on-silicates: they are formed by other compounds.
- ative elements: they are pure in nature, without combining with others: gold, silver, etc.
1. - Copy this information:
2.- Translate:
Minerals:
Iron:
Gold:
Copper
Oxygen:
Calcium:
Silicon
Silicates
Aluminium:
Uranium:
Sodium
Non silicates
3.- What are silicates?
4.- a) Write down two native elements:
b).- Write down the name of the other elements that exist in very small proportion:
5.- What elements form silicates?
6.- Write down the main elements that form the composition of minerals:
7.- Look at the chemical formula of these minerals and complete the chart.
Quartz (SiO2), Gold (Au), Feldspars (KAlSi3O8 - NaAlSi3O8 - CaAl2Si2O8, Copper (Cu),
Gypsum (CaSO4 (+2H2O)), Pyroxenes Ca(Si,Al)2O6, Hematite (Fe2O3), Pyrite (FeS2), Diamond (C),
Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 , Calcite (CaCO3), Silver (Ag)
Silicates
on silicates
ative elements
8.- What is the difference between “silicates” and “non silicates”?
9.- Complete:
Composition of minerals: The ______________________ that form the composition of minerals are:
________________________________________________________________________.Other
elements exist in very small proportion: __________________________________________ etc.
-
Silicates: they are formed by _____________________________________________________.
-
on-silicates: they are formed by _________________________________________________.
-
ative elements: they are _______________________________________________________.
10.- Match with arrows:
(FeS2)
Pirite
Quartz
Ca(Si,Al)2O6
Au
Gold
(CaCO3)
Feldspars
SiO2
Calcita
Olivine
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Ag
Pyroxenes
Cu
Gypsum
KAlSi3O8
aAlSi3O8
CaAl2Si2O8
Hematite
Silver
C
(CaSO4 (+2H2O))
Copper
(Fe2O3)
Diamond
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
PROPERTIES OF MIERALS.
• Physical properties: They are characteristics that can be observed and determined in a simple way.
The chemical composition and the disposition of the atoms influence many physical properties:
- Density: is the relationship that exists between the mass of the mineral and its volume.
- Hardness: is the resistance that the mineral has to being scratched. If it can be scratched with
your fingernail it is soft (low hardness), if it does not scratch glass it is hard (half hardness) and
if it scratches glass it is very hard (high hardness).
- Color: depends on the light that is absorbed or reflected by the mineral.
- Shine: is the aspect that the surface offers when reflecting light. It can have metallic shine (as
metals), adamantine (as diamond), pearly (as mother-of-pearl), fatty (as oil), silky (as silk),
vitreous (as glass), etc.
- Exfoliation: if it breaks easily in parallel sheets.
- Diaphaneity: is the grade of transparency of the mineral. It can be: opaque (if it doesn't allow
light to pass), translucent (if it allows light to pass, but not images) and transparent (if it
allows light and images to pass).
1. - Copy this information:
2.- Translate these words:
Density:
Color:
Exfoliation:
Opaque
Translucent
Silky:
Hardness:
Shine:
Diaphaneity:
Transparent:
Hard:
Adamantine:
Mass:
Volume:
Fingernail:
Soft:
Pearly:
Metallic shine:
3. - Match these columns with arrows:
Density
- The resistance that the mineral has to being scratched.
Hardness
- Depends on the light that is absorbed or reflected by the mineral.
Color
- Is the relationship that exists between the mass of the mineral and its volume.
Shine
- Is the grade of transparency of the mineral.
Exfoliation
- Is the aspect that the surface offers when reflecting light.
Diaphaneity
- If it breaks easily in parallel sheets.
Opaque
- If it allows light to pass, but not images.
Translucent
- If it allows light to pass and images.
Transparent
- If it doesn't allow light to pass.
4.- What are the difference between opaque and translucent?
5.- Complete:
__________ : is the _______________ that exists between the _______ of the mineral and its _______.
Hardness: is the ____________ that the ______________ has to being ___________.
_________: depends on the ____________ that ____________ or _____________ by the mineral.
Shine: is the ____________ that the ____________ offers when ______________ light.
__________: if it _____________ easily in _______________ sheets.
Diaphaneity: is the __________ of ________________ of the mineral. It can be:
- Opaque: if it ____________ light to pass.
- Translucent: if it ___________ light to pass, but _________ ________.
- Transparent: if it ____________ light to pass and ___________.
6.- Look at the pictures and write T for true or F for
false.
a) Wood has more density than water.
b) Ships have less density than water.
c) Mercury has more density than water.
d) Water has more density than oil.
7.- Complete the Mohs hardness scale (from least hard to hardest), using the given text to help
you:
a) Gypsum is harder than talk.
b) Diamond is the hardest substance.
1.6.c) Calcite is less hard than Fluorite.
d) Talk is the less hard substance.
2.7.e) Apatite is harder than Fluorite
f) Fluorite is harder than Talk.
8.3.g) Microcline is less hard than Topaz.
h) Topaz is harder than Quartz.
9.4.i) Quartz is harder than Microcline.
j) Corundum is harder than Topaz.
5.10.8.- Write ‘opaque’, ‘translucent’ or ‘transparent’ below each picture.
9.- What kinds of shine are there?:
10.- a) What is diaphaneity?
b) What kinds of diaphaneity are there?
AME:________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
UTILITY OF THE MIERALS.
• Ores: are the minerals that are useful to us. They are extracted from mines. They are profitable
when the benefit is bigger than the expenses of exploitation.
• on ores: are the minerals that are not profitable.
• Metal-bearing ore: are those that provide us with metals.
- Iron: is extracted from loadstone, hematite, etc.
- Copper: is extracted from chalcopyrite.
- Lead: is extracted from galene.
- Zinc: is extracted from zinc blende.
- Aluminium: is extracted from bauxite.
• on metal-bearing ore: are the minerals that don't give metals.
- Construction materials: such as talk, sulphur, graphite, gypsum, etc.
- Jewellery: such as diamond, emerald, sapphire, ruby, etc. Receives the name of precious
stones.
1. - Copy this information:
2. - Translate these words:
Ores:
Aluminium:
Lead:
Jewellery:
Iron:
Zinc:
Copper:
Precious stones:
3.- Match these columns with arrows:
Talk:
Graphite:
Emerald:
Ruby:
Sapphire:
Diamond:
chalcopyrite
Iron
Aluminium
Lead
hematite
Copper
Zinc
Zinc blende
bauxite
loadstone
galene
4.- Complete:
____________: are the minerals that are useful to us.
____________: are the minerals that are not profitable
__________________________: are the minerals that don't give metals.
- Construction materials: ________________________________________________________..
- Jewellery: ________________________________________________________. Receives the
name of _________________________.
5.- Match with arrows:
Copper
hematite
plomo
Zinc
galene
hierro
Aluminium
baxite
cinc
Iron
Chalcopyrite
aluminio
Lead
zinc blende
cobre
6.- a) Match with arrows:
Talk is a white mineral.
Sulphur is a yellow mineral.
Graphite is a black mineral.
b) Match with arrows:
Diamond is a translucent mineral
Emerald is a green mineral
Sapphire is a blue mineral
Ruby is a red mineral.
7.- Write the name of these minerals and ‘Metal-bearing ore’, ‘Construction materials’ or
‘Jewellery’ below each picture.
Hematite
Metal-bearing ore
KEY TO CLASSIFY.
• It is a method to identify minerals, its operation is very simple: we are offered two options, we
select the one that describes our mineral and two more are proposed and so forth until we identify
to the mineral.
• Example of the key to identify a mineral:
Our mineral
ame of the mineral
a) Is it scratched with the fingernail?
Gypsum
b) Is it not scratched with the fingernail?
a) It scratches the glass
a) is it colorless?
Quartz
b) is it green?
Olivine
b) It does not scratch the glass
a) It breaks by cleaving
Mica
b) It doesn’t break by cleaving Calcite
8.- Translate these words:
Key to classify:
Scratched:
Cleavage:
Minerals:
Colorless:
Quartz:
Olivine:
Mica:
Calcite:
9.- A mineral with these characteristics, which mineral is it?
a) It is a colorless mineral. It is not scratched with the fingernail, but you can scratch the glass.
b) It does not scratch the glass and does not cleave:
10.- a) Circle the mineral less hard: Quartz, Calcite, Gypsum, Mica, Olivine.
b) Match with arrows:
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Mica
Olivine.
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
ROCKS. .
Classification of rocks: According to their origin rocks are classified as:
• Sedimentary: fragments of the rocks are carried to where they are them deposited, for example:
clay, sandstone, etc. sometimes they accumulate in the bottom of seas, lakes, etc. for example:
conglomerate.
• Metamorphic: they originate starting from sedimentary rocks that have undergone a great change,
due to the pressure of deep areas of nature, for example: slate. The change sometimes takes place
due to the temperature of deep areas, for example: marble.
• Magmatic: it originates when the magma cools down slowly inside the terrestrial crust, for
example: granite (formed by quartz, feldspar and mica). Or when magma cools down quickly when
it surfaces from volcanoes, for example: basalt.
1. - Copy this information:
2.- Translate these words:
Sedimentary:
Magma:
Magmatic:
Lakes:
Metamorphic:
Volcanoes:
3.- Match these columns with arrows:
English
Spanish
Clay
arcilla
sandstone
mármol
conglomerate
pizarra
marble
arenisca
slate
conglomerado
4.- How is metamorphic rock originated?
5.- How is magmatic rock originated?
Terrestrial crust:
Bottom of seas:
Deep areas:
English
basalt
mica
quartz
feldspar
granite
Spanish
mica
cuarzo
basalto
granito
feldespato
6.- Complete:
_________________: fragments of the rocks are ______________ to where they have been
____________. Sometimes they accumulate in the __________________________, etc
_________________: they originate starting from sedimentary rocks that have_____________ a
_____________, due to the _____________ of deep areas of nature. The change sometimes takes place
due to the _______________ of ___________________.
_________________: it originates when the ____________ cools down slowly __________ the
______________ crust. Or when ___________cools down quickly when it surfaces from ___________.
7. - Match these columns with arrows:
Clay
sandstone
conglomerate
marble
slate
basalt
mica
quartz
granite
feldspar
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Magmatic
8.- a) Label these rocks:
Clay (Arcilla)
Sandstone (Arenisca)
Conglomerate
Marble (Mármol)
Slate (Pizarra)
(Conglomerado)
b) Label these rocks:
Basalt (Basalto)
Mica (Mica)
Quartz (Cuarzo)
Granite (Granite)
Feldspar (Feldespato)
9.- Match with arrows:
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Magmatic
10.- Match with arrows:
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Magmatic
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
ROCKS I ADALUSIA.
In Andalusia there is a great variety of rocks. The basin of the Guadalquivir divides the
Community of Andalusia in two different areas:
• Sierra Morena and Sierra of
Aracena: In the north, they are
the oldest rocks in all of
Andalusia. The siliceous rocks
of magmatic origin (granites),
metamorphic (slate, schists,
cuarcite, etc.) and sedimentary
(sandstone) are the most
common.
• Cordilleras Béticas: In the
south, there are several different
mountains:
- Internal area: Mountains of:
Filabres,
Baza,
Sierra
Nevada,
etc.
The
metamorphic
rocks
of
siliceous composition (schists, gneiss, etc.) and of calcareous composition (marbles), are the
most common.
- External area: Mountains of: Mágina, Cazorla, Segura, etc. where the sedimentary rocks of
calcareous composition are the most common.
• Campo de Gibraltar: Sedimentary rocks (gritty).
• Depressions: located in the valleys of the main Andalusian rivers, mainly of the Guadalquivir. The
sedimentary rocks of loamy composition are plentiful.
• Volcanic area: is located in the Cabo de Gata. They are siliceous rocks.
1. - Copy the text:
2. – Translate these words:
Basin of the Guadalquivir:
Oldest rock in Andalusia:
Siliceous rocks:
Volcanic area:
3.- Where are siliceous rocks most common in Andalusia?
4.- Where are sedimentary rocks most common in Andalusia?
5.-Match these columns with arrows:
Filandres
Mágina
Baza
Cazorla
Sierra Nevada
Depressions
Segura
Campo de Gibraltar
Cabo de Gata
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Magmatic
6.- What kinds of rocks are there in the Sierra Morena and the Sierra of Aracena?
7.- What kinds of rocks are there in the Cordilleras Béticas?:
8.- What kinds of rocks are there in the Andalusia’s depressions?:
9.- Where are the oldest rocks in Andalusia?
10.- Copy the map ‘the rocks in Andalusia’, use different colors to represent each area.
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
UTILITY OF ROCKS.
Industrial rocks are those that are useful to us:
• In construction: Many rocks are used to make bricks, cement, glass, gravel, etc.
• Like ornaments: Some rocks are used to decorate, such as the ornamental stones, marble, granite,
slate, etc.
1. - Copy this information:
2.- Translate:
Rock:
Ornament:
Construction:
Glass:
useful:
bricks:
cement:
gravel:
decorate stones:
marble:
granite:
slate:
3.- Complete:
In _________________: Many rocks are used to make ___________________________________, etc
Like _______________: Some rocks are used to decorate, such as _____________________________.
FOSSIL FUELS.
Before they were considered rocks, but not today.
• Coal: is created when vegetable remains are buried and exposed to certain bacteria over long
periods of time. Coal exists in several classes: lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
• Petroleum: is a dark liquid that was formed starting from marine organisms that were buried and
became petroleum because of exposure to certain bacteria. From it are extracted fuels such as
propane, butane, gasoline, etc. and other non fuel substances such as tar, plastics, etc.
4.- Copy this information:
5.- Translate:
Coal:
Lignite:
Petroleum:
6.- What is petroleum?:
7.- What types of coal are there?:
Anthracite:
Bituminous coal:
Propane:
Plastics:
Tar:
Gasoline:
8.- Explain this picture:
9.- Label with ‘lignite’, ‘bituminous coal’, or ‘anthracite’:
10.- Match with arrows each different types of coal to its respective picture below.
Lignite
Bituminous coal
anthracite
AME:__________________________________________ DATE:_________ 1º ESO___ (Bilingual)
THE RESPOSIBLE USAGE OF RESOURCES.
• The risks of extraction: as much for the health of those that work in the extraction (powder,
explosions, sinkings, etc.), as for the environment (contamination of ecosystems, etc.).
• Contamination of the environment: It can be contaminated by the use (that we give to those
rocks and minerals), the transport (that can cause spills, etc.), in the processing industries, etc.
• Problems caused by consumption: Some resources have been exhausted and others like
petroleum will be exhausted relatively soon.
• Solution to these problems:
- We should exploit responsibly our resources.
- We should be respectful to the Environment.
- We should achieve sustainable development.
- We should become aware and commit to recycling responsibility.
1.- Copy this information
2.- Translate:
Resources:
Health:
Consumption:
powder:
ecosystems:
petroleum:
3.- What are the problems caused by consumption?:
4.- What are the solutions to these problems?:
5.- What are the risks of extraction?:
6.- How can the environment be contaminated?:
sinkings:
Environment:
poured:
7.- Complete:
The risks of _______________: as much for the __________ of those that work in the extraction, as
for the _______________.
Contamination of the ________________: It can be ______________ by the _______, the
___________, in the _______________ industries, etc.
Problems caused by _______________: Some resources have been ______________ and others like
_____________ will be exhausted relatively _________.
Solution to these ____________: We should make exploitation responsible to the ______________.
We should be ____________ to the _____________. We should achieve a sustainable _____________.
We should become aware and commit to ____________________________.
8.- Explain the environment contamination
9.- Complete with vowels:
a) W__ sh__ __ld
__ch__ __v__
b) W__ sh__ __ld
b__ r__sp__ctf__l
c) W__
sh__ __ld
b__c__m__
__ s__st__ __n__bl__ d__v__l__pm__nt.
t__ th__
__w__r__
__nv__r__nm__nt.
__nd
c__mm__t
t__
r__sp__ns__b__l__ty
r__cycl__ng.
d) W__ sh__ __ld
m__k__
__xpl__ __t__t__ __n
r__sp__ns__bl__ t__ th__ r__s__ __rc__s.
10.- Order these sentences:
a) by the use, can be in the processing industries, etc. The environment contaminated the transport,
b) exploitation responsible the resources. We should make to