Template For ENG STDS WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW14058 Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Methods: Arc Welded and Arc Brazed Joints 1 Introduction Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Purpose. This standard provides the acceptance criteria and repair methods for arc welds and arc brazes in automotive products for which GM is responsible for establishing or approving product design. 1.2 Applicability. This standard applies to the following types of arc welding or arc brazing processes: Arc Welding: • Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) • Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) • Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) • Metal Cored Arc Welding (MCAW) • Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) • Arc Braze Welding (ABW) • Gas Tungsten Arc Brazing (GTAB) • Plasma Arc Brazing (PAB) This standard applies to welded/brazed joints in all ferrous metals (steels) and non-ferrous metals (aluminum, magnesium, copper, etc.) that are approved by GM. The criteria established in this standard become mandatory when referenced on a weld design document. Deviations from any criteria provided in this standard must be identified on a weld design document. Deviations from any criteria provided in this standard must be identified on a weld design document for a program specific product and approved by peer review including the lead weld engineer and arc welding subject matter expert (SME). 1.3 Usage. In this standard, the terms “braze and brazing” are used interchangeably with “weld and welding” (unless specifically stated), however they are not evaluated in the same manner. Welded structures are considered satisfactory when they carry the intended service loads for a required period. Service loads on weldments in a vehicle are varied in both type and magnitude and cannot be addressed by this standard. Therefore, while weld quality criteria of this standard are consistent with service loading requirements, they have been established specifically for use in process and product monitoring. Any attempted application of this document to other uses, such as post-crash braze/weld quality assessment, may lead to an erroneous result or conclusion. Discrepant brazes/welds by retaining a portion of their engineering properties may still satisfy product performance requirements. 1.4 Clarification. For clarification of this standard or editorial comments, email the GM Global Welding and Joining Council at [email protected]. Proposed changes to this standard must be presented to the GM Global Welding and Joining Council. To suggest a change to this standard email the GM Global Welding and Joining Council at [email protected]. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 1 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- • Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) Arc Brazing: GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. None 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. 9984532 GMW14057 GMW14085 GMW15563 GMW16383 GMW16435 GMW16804 GMW16939 GMW17330 2.3 Additional References. Note: Some of the following references are limited to internal distribution within General Motors and shall not be distributed outside this company. Contact the GM Lead Engineer for further instructions. • CG4352 Gas MIG Braze Welding Certification • GM Global Quality Requirements for Corrective Action and Nonconforming Material (https://gmweb.gm.com/quality/oq/QR/Lists/Quality%20Requirements/Global%20Quality%20Manual.aspx) • GM Information Lifecycle Policy – Record Retention Schedule (https://gmrrs.gm.com/GMRRS/) • Joining and Dispense Process Control Procedure” (for non-GM manufacturing facilities) and PQRS process control plans (for GM manufacturing facilities) (https://pqrs.gm.com/secured/index.html) 3 Requirements There are several attributes that are used to evaluate arc welding/brazing quality. These attributes are divided into three groups: general, visual, and measureable. 3.1 General Acceptance Criteria. 3.1.1 Categories of Welds. There are two categories of arc welds: Structural Welds/Brazes and Process Welds/Brazes. 3.1.1.1 Structural Welds. Structural welds are required for performance of the welded product. All welds are structural unless specifically noted as process welds on the weld design document. 3.1.1.2 Process Welds. Process welds are installed to facilitate in-process assembly, but are not required for structural performance of the product. Process welds must be approved by Product Engineering and shown on the weld design document. 3.1.2 Evaluation of Welds/Brazes. 3.1.2.1 Structural Welds/Brazes. Structural welds/brazes shall be evaluated to the requirements of 3.1.3, 3.2, and 3.3. 3.1.2.2 Process Welds/Brazes. Process welds/brazes shall be evaluated to the requirements of 3.1.3, 3.2.1, 3.2.2 and 3.3.1. Process welds/brazes shall also be evaluated to 3.2.4, 3.2.17, and 3.3.3 with respect to interference with product performance and subsequent assembly processes. See also 3.4.3. 3.1.3 Filler Metals. The filler metal specified in the product weld design document shall be used. An approved list of filler metals (when not specified in the weld design document) is shown in GMW16939. An assembly with a weld/braze that does not use the filler metal specified in the weld design document or repair method (authorized by product engineering) does not conform. 3.2 Visual Acceptance Criteria. 3.2.1 Surface Cracks. Portions of continuous welds (not brazes) with any surface cracks that are visible without the aid of magnification are discrepant. Continuous brazes (not welds) with transverse surface cracks that are visible without the aid of magnification and are < 20 mm apart are discrepant. See 5.1, Glossary. See also 3.3.2. • Discrete welds/brazes with surface cracks that are visible without the aid of magnification are discrepant. • Process welds with surface cracks shall have their process adjusted to the qualified setup to eliminate this condition. 3.2.2 Burn-through. Assemblies with welds/brazes containing burn-through do not conform. See 5.1, Glossary. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 2 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 3.2.3 Meltback. Discrete welds/brazes or portions of continuous welds/brazes containing meltback are discrepant and cannot be counted in the effective weld/braze length. See 5.1, Glossary. See also 3.3.2. 3.2.4 Melt-through. When a weld/braze exhibits melt-through extending more than 2 x tmin (the thinner metal being welded/brazed) beyond the bottom surface and there is no interference with product performance or subsequent assembly operations, the welding/brazing process shall be adjusted to the qualified setup. Whenever melt-through interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly operations, the excessive weld/braze metal shall be removed and the welding process adjusted to the qualified setup. A weld/braze with melt-through is not discrepant. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.2.5 Missing Welds/Brazes. All welds/brazes shown on the weld design document must be present. When fewer discrete welds/brazes exist than are specified on the weld design document, the welds/brazes do not conform. 3.2.6 Extra Welds/Brazes. The number of welds/brazes installed shall not exceed the number specified on the weld design document. When the number of welds/brazes installed exceeds the number specified, the process shall be adjusted to the qualified setup. Extra welds/brazes are neither discrepant nor nonconforming. 3.2.7 Crater. A crater that does not meet the cross-sectional requirements in 3.3.2, is a discontinuity that cannot be counted in the effective weld/braze length. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.2.8 Direction of Weld/Braze. When the direction of welding/brazing is specified on the design document, the process shall follow the direction specified. Discrete welds/brazes or portions of continuous welds/brazes that deviate from a specified weld direction are discrepant. See also 3.3.2. 3.2.9 Wrapped around Corners. Welds/brazes that are shown to wrap around corners on welding documentation shall wrap around the corner – regardless of length tolerance. Discrete welds/brazes or portions of continuous welds/brazes that do not wrap the corner when specified are discrepant. See also 3.3.2. 3.2.10 Starts and Stops. Welds/brazes that are shown as continuous beads on welding documentation shall be welded/brazed in a continuous bead without additional starts and stops – regardless of length tolerance. Discrete welds/brazes or portions of continuous welds/brazes with additional starts and stops are discrepant. See also 3.3.2. Joints shown on the weld documentation as welded/brazed completely around a circular path shall have the end overlap the start such that the entire path is continuous. 3.2.11 Visual Appearance. When a weld/braze exhibits spatter or a change in shape, the welding/brazing process shall be adjusted to the qualified setup. Visual Appearance Zones with additional requirements are given in Appendix E. These requirements are purely aesthetic and do not affect structural integrity. 3.2.12 Skip. A skip is a discontinuity. The total length of skips cannot be counted in the effective weld/braze length. See 5.1, Glossary. See also 3.3.2. Portions of welds/brazes with skips are discrepant. 3.2.13 Rollover. The length of weld/braze bead containing rollover is a discontinuity and cannot be counted in the effective weld/braze length. See 5.1, Glossary. See also 3.3.2. 3.2.14 Notching. Discrete welds/brazes or portions of continuous welds/brazes containing notching are discrepant. Welds/brazes that are not shown in design documentation to extend to the sheet edge but actually extend to the sheet edge shall have their processes adjusted to eliminate the condition that leads to notching. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.2.15 Fill Requirements for Arc Spot Welds. Unless otherwise specified in the engineering documentation, all arc spot welds shall be filled to the surface of the top sheet. An arc spot weld that is not completely filled is discrepant. 3.2.16 Visual Requirements of Twin-Plug Slot Brazes. 3.2.16.1 The weld toe of a twin-plug slot braze shall consume the entire radius of the slot ends. A plug whose toe does not consume the entire radius of the slot end is discrepant (See Figure 1). 3.2.16.2 The center of each plug braze shall be located within the slot. 3.2.17 Spatter. Welds or brazes exhibiting spatter shall have its process adjusted to the qualified setup. Spatter that interferes with function of the product or any subsequent assembly operations shall be removed. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 3 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Figure 1: Filling Slot Radius on Twin-Plug Slot Welds 3.3 Measurable Acceptance Criteria. 3.3.1 Location. A weld/braze is properly located when installed within 6 mm from the location indicated on the weld design document. A discrete weld/braze or portion of a continuous weld/braze that is not correctly located is discrepant. A process weld/braze that is improperly located shall have its process adjusted to correct location. Weld templates may be used to determine weld location. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.3.2 Effective Weld/Braze Length. The effective weld/braze length (Le) of a weld/braze is acceptable if it is greater than or equal to the required weld/braze length (Lr, as described in Table 1) and the maximum allowable discontinuity value listed in Table 1 is not exceeded. Effective weld length is the actual weld length (La) with the combined discontinuity lengths (Ld) deducted. (See the notes following Table 1.) Discrete welds/brazes that do not have an effective weld/braze length greater than or equal to the required weld/braze length (as described in Table 1) are discrepant. Assemblies with continuous welds/brazes that do not have an effective weld/braze length greater than or equal to the required weld/braze length (as described in Table 1) do not conform. Welds/brazes exceeding the maximum allowed length (Lw + 2Lt) shall have the welding process adjusted to the qualified setup. See Figure H1 in Appendix H. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 4 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Table 1: Weld/Braze Length Requirements Note 1 Maximum Allowable Length (mm) for Any Single Discontinuity listed in of Appendix D Weld/Braze Length Tolerance (mm) Lt ≤ 10 mm (Discrete) 0 3 11 to 40 3 4 41 to 100 5 6 > 100 8 +2 for every additional 25 mm 10% of Lw --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Specified weld/braze length (mm) Lw Minimum Required Weld/Braze Length (mm) Lr Note 3 Lw – Lt Note 2 Note 1: Effective weld/braze length = Le = La - Ld Where: Le = Effective weld/braze length La = Actual weld/braze length Ld = combined discontinuity lengths Note 2: A single discontinuity may not exceed 16 mm for any weld bead. Note 3: The Effective weld/braze length must meet or exceed the Minimum required weld/braze Length. Le ≥ Lr Lr = Lw - Lt Where: Lr = Required weld/braze length Lt = Weld/Braze length tolerance Lw = Specified weld/braze length 3.3.3 Convexity. There are no limits on the amount of convexity, provided that the part remains functional and the convexity does not interfere with mating components. Whenever convexity interferes with subsequent assembly operations, the excessive weld metal shall be removed and the welding process adjusted to the qualified setup. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.3.4 Weld Cross-Section(s). The weld cross-section(s) shown in Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C are typical weld beads used in automotive weld joint designs. Weld beads in other joint designs can also be evaluated using the same methods shown in Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C. The required number and location of the representative cross-section sample(s) are determined by the specified weld/braze length (Lw) as shown in Table 2. 3.3.4.1 Cross-Section Evaluation. An arc weld/braze whose measured cross-sections do not meet any of the criteria in 3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3. 3.3.4.4, 3.3.4.5, 3.3.4.6, 3.3.4.7, 3.3.4.8, 3.3.4.9, 3.3.4.10, 3.3.4.11, or 3.3.4.12 shall have its process adjusted to the qualified setup so that all of the aforementioned criteria are met. (See 3.4.1.3 for Cross-Section Conformance.) Table 2: Cross-Section Quantity and Location Requirements (See 3.3.10.2 for Twin-Plug Slot Brazes) Specified weld/braze length (Lw) Quantity of Cross-Section(s) Approximate Location of Cross-Sections Lw ≤ 40 mm (Including Discrete welds/brazes where Lw ≤ 10 mm) Note 1 1 Midpoint of Weld/Braze 40 mm < Lw ≤ 100 mm Note 1 2 At 1/3 the length of the weld/braze and 2/3 the length of the weld/braze. Lw > 100 mm 3 At 1/4 the length of the weld/braze, Midpoint of the weld, and 3/4 the length of the weld/braze. Note 1: For assemblies having only one weld/braze and this single weld/braze has Lw such that 25 mm < Lw ≤ 40 mm; two cross-sections shall be examined – one cross-section at 1/3 the length of the weld/braze and the other at 2/3 the length of the weld/braze. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 5 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS 3.3.4.2 Leg Length (b). The leg length is the distance from the weld root to the weld toe of the weld where there is evidence of fusion for welds or adhesion for braze welds. See 3.3.2, Table 3, Appendix A and Appendix B. 3.3.4.3 Throat Thickness (a). The throat thickness is the minimum distance minus any convexity between any weld root and the weld face. See 3.3.2, Table 3, Appendix A and Appendix B. Table 3: Minimum Requirements for Leg Length (b) and Throat Thickness (a) Parts being Joined Sheet-toSheet Sheet -to-Tube/Rod --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Tube/Rod -to-Tube/Rod Edge Process Leg Length (b) Arc Weld ≥ 0.9 tmin Arc Braze ≥ 1.0 tmin Arc Weld Arc Braze Arc Weld Throat Thickness (a) (non-Aluminum) Throat Thickness (a) (Aluminum) ≥ 0.7 tmin ≥ 0.6 tmin See Note 3 See Note 3 ≥ 0.7 tmin n/a ≥ 0.9 Z ≥ 0.7 Z ≥ 0.7 Z See Note 4 See Note 4 See Note 4 ≥ 1.0 Z ≥ 0.7 Z See Note 4 See Note 4 n/a ≥ 0.9 Z ≥ 0.7 Z ≥ 0.7 Z See Note 4 See Note 4 See Note 4 ≥ 1.0 Z ≥ 0.7 Z See Note 4 See Note 4 Arc Weld ≥ 0.9 tmin ≥ 0.7 tmin ≥ 0.7 tmin Arc Braze ≥ 1.0 tmin ≥ 0.7 tmin n/a Arc Braze n/a Note 1: When the toe of a weld (not a braze) is on the horizontal surface of the top sheet use the following method to determine throat thickness. (See Figures A2, A4 and A6). a. Draw a horizontal line (from left to right) that is a continuation of the top sheet. b. Draw a vertical line from the root of the top sheet. c. If the intersection of these two lines falls within the bead, use this point as the toe for the top sheet. If the intersection of these two lines falls outside the weld, use the point where the horizontal line intersects the weld face as the toe of the top sheet. d. Draw a line from the toe (on the lower sheet) through the toe of the top sheet. e. The shortest distance from any weld root to this line or to the weld face is the throat (t). The throat must be ≥ 0.7 of the thinner material. Note 2: When the toe of a braze (not a weld) is on the horizontal surface of the top sheet, use the following method to determine throat thickness. (See Figures B1 (a), C2, C3, C5) a. b. Draw a line from the toe (on the lower sheet) to the point that is tangent (touches) to the top edge of the top sheet. The point where this line touches the top sheet is the toe of the top sheet. The shortest distance from any braze bead root to this line or to the actual bead face (when it falls below this line) is the throat. The braze bead throat must be ≥ 70% of the thickness of the thinner material. Note 3: For a skewed weld joint, the minimum throat thickness is: 𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 ≥ 0.9 𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 See Figure A15 and Figure B7 Note 4: For a sheet to tube or sheet to rod, the leg length is based on the metric “Z”. Z = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 �( 𝑡𝑡𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ) 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 � 𝐷𝐷𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 2 �� See Figure A17, Figure A18, Figure B9 and Figure B10. 3.3.4.4 Fusion Width (fw) or Adhesion Width (aw) in Filled Slot Joints. The fusion width (welding not brazing) is the distance from weld root to weld root where there is evidence of weld fusion. The adhesion width (brazing not welding) is the distance from weld root to weld root where there is evidence of braze adhesion. See Appendix C. The fusion/adhesion width for a filled slot is equal to one of the legs and is limited by the leg length requirements. (See 3.3.4.2.) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 6 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 3.3.4.5 Adhesion/Depth of Fusion. Depth of fusion shall be at least 10% of tmin for steel (and other nonaluminum alloys) and 5% of tmin for aluminum. When depth of fusion is less than these limits, the process shall be adjusted to the qualified setup. See 5.1, Glossary. Fusion in arc welds and adhesion in arc brazes must be present. Depth of Fusion is not a requirement for braze welds (as brazing does not generally penetrate into the parent metal). 3.3.4.6 Undercut. Undercut is a separate attribute that is not to be included in the maximum allowable discontinuity length. Instead, undercut is evaluated separately. Undercut is acceptable provided that the criteria in Table 4 are met. (See Figure 2.) Figure 2: Undercut Table 4: Maximum Undercut Undercut in Non-Ferrous Alloys (Aluminum, Magnesium, Copper, etc.) Undercut in Steel Alloys Undercut not permitted in first 13 mm Undercut not permitted in first 13 mm Undercut not permitted in last 13 mm Undercut not permitted in last 13 mm Undercut Depth ≤ 0.2 T for 12.5% of Length Note 1 Undercut Depth ≤ 0.1 T for 20% of Length Note 1 Note 1: T is the thickness of the sheet that is undercut. 3.3.4.7 Surface Porosity. Surface porosity is a separate attribute that is not to be included in the maximum allowable discontinuity length. Instead, surface porosity is evaluated separately. Scattered surface porosity is acceptable provided that the criteria in Table 5 are met. (See Figure 3.) Table 5: Maximum Surface Porosity Surface Porosity in Steel Alloys Surface Porosity in Non-Ferrous Alloys (Aluminum, Magnesium, Copper, etc.) Max Pore ≤ 1.6 mm Sum of Pore Diameters ≤ 6 mm in any 25 mm Length When surface porosity is present, the welding/brazing process shall be adjusted to its qualified setup to minimize the porosity. If surface porosity in a discrete weld/braze exceeds these limits, the weld/braze is discrepant. An assembly with continuous weld/brazes having surface porosity that exceeds these limits does not conform. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 7 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Note: The diameter of an oval pore is defined as the sum of the pore length and pore width divided by two. Figure 3: Surface Porosity 3.3.4.8 Internal Porosity. Internal porosity is acceptable provided that the criteria in Table 6 are met. Table 6: Maximum Surface Porosity Internal Porosity in Steel Alloys Internal Porosity in Nonferrous, Nonaluminum Alloys Internal Porosity in Aluminum Alloys Nonlinear distribution Oval pores have a pore length that is not more than three times the pore’s width Max Pore ≤ 0.5 mm for tmin ≤ 3.0 mm Max Pore ≤ 1.6 mm Max Pore ≤ 1.0 mm for tmin > 3.0 mm Total area of all pores is < 15% Total area of all pores is < 25% for welds with Aluminum Castings --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Total area of all pores is < 15% for welds with all other Aluminum The weld process shall be adjusted to the qualified setup when any of these requirements are not met. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.3.4.9 Internal Cracks. The weld cross-section must not contain any cracks that are visible at 15x magnification or less. Weld/brazes (evaluated in patterns) containing cracks are discrepant. See 5.1, Glossary. 3.3.4.10 Rollover. Rollover is acceptable provided it meets the requirements of 3.3.2. See 3.2.13 and 5.1 Glossary. 3.3.4.11 Fusion at the Root. The root of a weld shall extend beyond the joint root for all joints except those involving flare, rod, tube, or wire. (See Figures A9 through A14, Figures A17 and A18). Welds (except with flare, rod, tube, or wire) with unfused joint roots shall have their process adjusted back to the qualified setup. 3.3.4.12 Adhesion at the Root. The root of a braze shall show evidence of adhesion for all joints except those involving flare, rod, tube, or wire. (See Figures B4 through B6, Figures B9 and B10). Brazes (except with flare, rod, tube, or wire) with lack of root adhesion shall have their process adjusted back to the qualified setup. 3.3.5 Weld Size for Arc Spot Welds. The weld size is the fused diameter at each faying surface and is evaluated using the determining thickness (DT). DT is defined as the thinner of the two sheets at each faying surface being evaluated. An arc spot weld is discrepant when the measured weld size at either faying surface is less than the minimum acceptable weld size specified in Table 7. Arc spot welds are discrete joints and are evaluated in patterns. Unless otherwise specified in engineering documentation, all arc spot welds shall penetrate into all adjoining sheets – creating fusion at each faying surface. Examples of arc spot measurement are shown in Figure 4. (DT is thickness t2 for both faying interfaces in this example.) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 8 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Table 7: Minimum Acceptable Size for Arc Spot Welds Minimum Acceptable Weld Size [mm] 0.60 to 0.76 3.5 0.77 to 1.00 4.0 1.01 to 1.26 4.5 1.27 to 1.56 5.0 1.57 to 1.89 5.5 1.90 to 2.25 6.0 2.26 to 2.64 6.5 2.65 to 3.06 7.0 3.07 to 3.51 7.5 3.52 to 4.00 8.0 4.01 to 4.51 8.5 4.52 to 5.06 9.0 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Determining Thickness (DT) [mm] dS = Spot Size dI1 = Weld Size at Interface No. 1 (Top Interface) dI2 = Weld Size at Interface No. 2 (Bottom Interface) Figure 4: Spot Diameter and Interface Diameters for Arc-Spot Welds 3.3.6 Weld/Braze Size for Arc Plug Welds/Brazes. The weld/braze size is the interface diameter (dI) at the faying surface. Standard nominal hole sizes (dn) are shown in Table 8. Arc plug welds/brazes are discrete joints and are evaluated in patterns. Examples of arc plug weld/braze measurement are shown in Figure 5. Twin-Plug Slot Brazes are not evaluated as plug welds/brazes; see 3.2.16 and 3.3.10. An arc plug weld/braze is discrepant when the interface diameter (dI) is not at least as large as the nominal hole diameter (dn). The spot size (dS) should be at least 3 mm larger than the nominal hole diameter (dn). See also 3.3.4.11 and 3.3.4.12. The hole size in the top sheet of a 2T sheet metal combination is dn. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 9 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS The hole size for the second sheet in at 3T sheet metal combination is dn2. The hole size for the top sheet in at 3T sheet metal combination is dn1 or dn2 + 2 mm; whichever is larger. Table 8: Minimum Acceptable Size for Arc Plug Welds, and Arc Plug Brazes (Not Twin-Plug Slot Brazes) Thickness of Sheet with Hole (T) [mm] T2 and T3 both Have Ultimate Tensile Strength 550 MPa or Lower? Nominal Hole Diameter dn for 2T Note 1, Note 3 dn2 for 3T Note 2, Note 3 Nominal Hole Diameter dn1 for 3T Note 2, Note 3, 0.60 to 1.00 Yes 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 1.01 to 2.00 Yes 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 2.01 to 3.50 Yes 10.0 mm 12.0 mm 3.51 to 4.50 Yes 12.0 mm 14.0 mm 0.60 to 1.00 No Note 4 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 1.01 to 2.00 No Note 4 10.0 mm 12.0 mm 2.01 to 3.50 No Note 4 12.0 mm 14.0 mm 3.51 to 4.50 No Note 4 14.0 mm 16.0 mm ds ≥ dn + 3mm Note 1 (2T): dI ≥ dn Where: dS = Spot Size dn = Nominal (original) Hole Diameter dI = Weld Interface Diameter Note 2 (3T): ds ≥ dn1 + 3mm dI1 ≥ dn1 dI2 ≥ dn2 Where: dS = Spot Size dn1 = Nominal Hole Diameter in Top Sheet dn2 = Nominal Hole Diameter in Second Sheet dI1 = Weld Interface Diameter at interface 1 (top of second sheet) dI2 = Weld Interface Diameter at interface 2 (top of third sheet) Note 3: When the nominal hole diameters for three-thickness arc-plug welds and brazes are specified in product documentation; the hole sizes shall follow that documentation and not the sizes in Table 8. Note 4: When either the second or third sheet in a 2T and 3T stack has ultimate tensile strength of more than 550 MPa, the filler wire is no longer AWS A5.18/ER70S-3 or AWS A5.18/ER70S-6 wire (per GMW16939) rather use AWS A5.28/ER120S-G. Note 5: The hole in the top sheet of a 3T sheet metal combination must always be at least 2 mm larger than the hole in the sheet below it. If the tabulated value of dn1 is equal to or smaller than that for dn2, the hole size dn1 is dn2 + 2 mm © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 10 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Note 5 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure 5: Spot Diameter and Interface Diameter for Arc-Plug Welds and Brazes 3.3.6.1 Fill of Arc Plug Welds/Brazes. Plug welds/brazes (not twin-plug slot brazes) shall not exhibit under-fill that exceeds the value shown in Table 9 when measured from the surface of the pierced sheet. A plug weld/braze whose under-fill exceeds this value is discrepant. Table 9: Maximum Under-fill for Arc Plug Welds/Brazes (Not Twin-Plug Slot Brazes) Top Sheet Thickness (T) [mm] Maximum Under-fill 0.60 to 2.20 0% 2.21 to 4.50 10% 3.3.7 Weld/Braze Size for Skewed T-Joints. Skewed T-joints whose oblique dihedral angle (ψ) falls between 120° and 150° cannot be evaluated as either a T-joint or as a lap-joint. The minimum required throat (a) of a welded skewed T-joint is 0.9 tmin as show in Note 3 in Table 3. Examples of throat (a) and leg (b) measurements in skewed joints are shown in Figure A15 for welds and Figure B7 for brazes. A joint whose dihedral angle falls between 90° and 120° is evaluated as a T-Joint. A joint whose dihedral angle falls between 150° and 180° is evaluated as a lap joint. (See Skewed T-Joint Figure in Glossary.) 3.3.8 Weld/Braze Size for Edge Welded/Brazed Joints. The minimum throat (a) and leg (b) requirements for edged welded and brazed joints are shown in Table 3. Examples of throat (a) and leg (b) measurements in joints involving rods, tubes, and wire are shown in Figure A16 for welds and Figure B8 for brazes. 3.3.9 Weld/Braze Size for Sheet-to-Tube, Sheet-to-Rod, Rod-to-Rod, and Rod-to-Tube Joints. The minimum throat (a) and leg (b) requirements for welded and brazed joints involving rods, tubes, and wire are shown in Table 3. Examples of throat (a) and leg (b) measurements in joints involving rods, tubes, and wire are shown in Figure A17 and Figure A18 for welds and Figure B9 and Figure B10 for brazes. 3.3.10 Weld Size for Twin-Plug Slot Brazes. The weld size of a twin-plug slot braze is assessed by measuring the spot diameter and by metallographic analysis. 3.3.10.1 Spot Diameter for Twin-Plug Slot Brazes. The spot diameter on the surface of a twin-plug slot braze is the smallest diametric measurement of the brazed plug. The surface spot diameter (C) for each brazed plug shall be at least 2 mm wider than the width of the slot before brazing. For example, a 4 mm x 20 mm slot shall have brazed plugs with surface diameters that are 6 mm or larger. A plug braze whose surface spot diameter is smaller than this minimum size shall have its process adjusted to the qualified setup. 3.3.10.2 Metallographic Sectioning of Twin-Plug Slot Brazes. Metallographic sectioning of twin-plug slot brazes shall be made down the major axis of the slot. Leg and throat requirements shall meet the criteria established in Table 3 for sheet-to-sheet joints. A plug braze whose throat or leg requirements are shorter than the criteria established in Table 3 is discrepant. Metallographic sectioning shall also be used to ensure that there is adhesion at the joint root (See 3.3.4.12). © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 11 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure 6. Cross-sectioning Twin-Plug Slot Welds --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 3.3.11 Joggle Joints and Welded V-Groove Joints with Backing. The evaluation of throat leg and face for joggle joints and welded V-groove joints with backing are shown in Figure A19. See 3.3.2 and 3.3.4 for evaluation of weld length and weld cross-sections, respectively. 3.4 Disposition/Repair Procedure. 3.4.1 Conformance. Manufacturing acceptance of product is based on all continuous joints conforming and all patterns (of discrete joints) conforming. Welds properly repaired (See 3.5) conform (if they meet the general, visual, and measurable criteria described in this standard). Note: Disposition of product not conforming to this standard shall be handled in accord with GM Global Quality Requirements for Corrective Action and Nonconforming Material. (This may include repair per Appendix D, E.) 3.4.1.1 A continuous arc welded/brazed joint conforms when all of the general, visual, and measureable criteria of this standard are met. Note: An assembly with a discrete or continuous weld/braze that contains a through-hole (burn-through) that is visible without the aid of magnification does not conform. All welds/brazes with holes shall be repaired. 3.4.1.2 Discrete Pattern Conformance. Discrete joints are evaluated in patterns. A pattern is a collection of discrete joints to which a tolerance is applied to meet structural requirements and for determining manufacturing acceptance of the product. The default pattern (when not otherwise stated on the weld design document) is all structural discrete joints on the structure installed at the same manufacturing plant. The quantity tolerance for the single default pattern (when not otherwise stated on the weld design document) is no more than 5% of the total joint/weld count being discrepant. However, any weld pattern may have at least one (1) discrepant weld, regardless of the pattern tolerance percentage. (This affects patterns of fewer than 20 welds where the default percentage of 5% would be less than one (1) weld.) Manufacturing acceptance of product is based on all patterns conforming. Patterns conform when the number of non-discrepant discrete joints/welds (per the requirements of GMW14057, GMW14058, GMW14085, GMW16383, GMW16435, GMW16804, or GMW17330) meets or exceeds the pattern tolerance. Disposition of product nonconforming to this standard shall be handled in accord with GM Global Quality Requirements for Corrective Action and Nonconforming Material. (This may include repair per Appendix D, E.) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 12 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 3.4.1.3 Cross-Section Conformance. 3.4.1.3.1 Welded Assemblies from GM Chassis Suppliers and Global Propulsion Systems (GPS). Welded assemblies shall have 100% of all welds in specification. Quality control and measurement methods shall be in compliance to CG4352. Any deviation must be reviewed and approved by the GM supplier quality engineer and responsible product engineer prior to implementation by GM Supplier Quality and GM Engineering. Note: for missing welds/brazes, see 3.2.5. 3.4.1.3.2 Welded Assemblies from GM Body Assembly Suppliers and GM Manufacturing Plants. For assemblies having 13 or more cross-sections (for welds/brazes performed in a single manufacturing facility on a single assembly), 92% of all cross-sections shall meet all measurable cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9). For assemblies having 1 to 12 cross-sections (for welds/brazes performed in a single manufacturing facility on a single assembly), a single cross-section not meeting the cross-sectional requirements is allowed; more cross-sections not meeting cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9) are not allowed. Assemblies exhibiting fewer cross-sections meeting all measureable cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9) do not conform. Furthermore, assemblies exhibiting two or more adjacent crosssections (for welds/brazes performed in a single manufacturing facility on a single assembly) that do not meet all measureable cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9) do not conform. Note: For missing welds/brazes, see 3.2.5. For assemblies having 13 or more cross-sections (for welds/brazes performed in a single manufacturing facility on a single assembly), 92% of all cross-sections shall meet all measureable cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9). For assemblies having 1 to 12 cross-sections (for welds/brazes performed in a single manufacturing facility on a single assembly), a single cross-section not meeting the cross-sectional requirements is allowed; more cross-sections not meeting cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9) are not allowed. Assemblies exhibiting fewer cross-sections meeting all measureable cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9) do not conform. Furthermore, assemblies exhibiting two or more adjacent cross-sections (for welds/brazes performed in a single manufacturing facility on a single assembly) that do not meet all measureable cross-sectional requirements (3.3.4.2, 3.3.4.3, or 3.3.4.9) do not conform. Note: For missing welds/brazes, see 3.2.5. 3.4.2 Structural Welds/Brazes. All known nonconforming continuous welds/brazes shall be repaired/handled per 3.4.1. All known discrepant discrete welds/brazes and other discrepant discrete joints in a nonconforming pattern shall be repaired shall be repaired/handled per 3.4.1. Whenever welds/joints are missing, the missing welds/joints shall be installed/handled in accord with GM Global Quality Requirements for Corrective Action and Nonconforming Material. 3.4.3 Process Welds/Brazes. Process welds/brazes that do not meet the criteria of 3.1.3, 3.2.2 and or cause interference with respect to 3.2.4, 3.2.18, and 3.3.3 must be repaired. Process welds that do not meet the remaining requirements of 3.1.2.2 should have the weld process adjusted to the qualified setup. See also 3.1.2.2. 3.5 Weld Repair Methods for Arc Welds and Arc Brazes. 3.5.1 When weld/braze repair is required (See 3.4), the repairs shall follow the repair method authorized by the responsible product engineer (usually documented on the Weld Repair Sheets). In the absence of an engineering approved repair method, the repairs shall following the methods shown in Table F1 in Appendix F for welds and Table G1 in Appendix G for brazes. Exceptions are permitted when approved and documented by the responsible Product Engineer. 3.5.2 Welding/brazing repair equipment and process parameters must be validated prior to rework. Manual welding/brazing repair personnel are also required to demonstrate their ability to perform repairs that meet the requirements of this standard. The fabrication source is responsible for the manufacture of the welded/brazed components shall retain documentation confirming qualification of welding/brazing repair personnel (in accordance with the GM Information Lifecycle Management policy– Record Retention Schedule). 4.1 Process Control. The fabrication source is responsible for establishing practices and test methods to assure that the criteria of this standard are met and are consistent with GMW15563 “Joining and Dispense Process Control Procedure” (for non-GM manufacturing facilities) and PQRS process control plans (for GM manufacturing facilities). © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 13 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 4 Manufacturing Process GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 4.2 Process Qualification. All welding processes must be qualified (during initial weld verification or subsequent requalification). A qualified welding process must meet all of the requirements in Section 3. Process qualification must be documented (e.g., in the Welding System Qualification Status Spreadsheet) and retained per GM Information Lifecycle Management policy– Record Retention Schedule. 5 Notes Adhesion: In this standard, adhesion refers to metal-metal adhesion in which the surfaces of two dissimilar metals (e.g., brazing alloy and steel) bond. Adhesion Width: The distance between braze toes in a filled slot joint where there is evidence of metal-to-metal adhesion. (Compare to Fusion Width.) Arc Braze Welding: A process that bonds two or more pieces of metal by using a dissimilar filler metal that is melted with an arc, wets the metal surfaces, and adheres to the metal surfaces. The brazing filler metal has a melting temperature that is > 450 °C and below the melting temperature of all of the metals being joined. Arc Plug Welds: Arc welds made inside a prefabricated circular hole in one member of a lap joint – fusing that member to another member. Arc Spot Welds: A GMAW or GTAW process in which the torch dwells and melts a spot on the surface of one sheet and penetrates through that sheet into the underlying sheet(s) – fusing them together. (See figure under Faying Surface.) Arc Welding: A group of welding processes that produce coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc, with or without the application of pressure, and with or without the use of filler metal. Attributes: Attributes are specific identifiable characteristics in either the surface appearance or geometric structure of a weld. Examples are undercut, porosity and cracks. Base Metal: Used to refer to the parts, sheets, components, materials, or structures being welded or brazed. Braze: The joint produced in Arc Braze Welding. See also Weld. Braze Root: The portion of the joint to be brazed where the members are in closest proximity to each other. In the cross-section of a braze, the braze root(s) are locate where the braze metal draws deepest into the gap. Where this braze metal intersects each sheet metal surface at these locations are the braze root(s). (See open circles in Figures B1 through B10 and Appendix C.) For braze joints with deep wetting, a Theoretical Braze Root is used in calculation of throat. Burn-through: Excessive melt-through resulting in a hole through the welded joint (such that light will pass through). See Discontinuity for figure. Coalescence: The growing together or growth into one body of the metals being welded. Concavity (of a Weld or Braze Face): A state when the actual weld face lies below the theoretical weld face. When used as a measurement, concavity is the maximum distance between the two. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 14 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 5.1 Glossary. Acceptance Criteria: The defined limits for discontinuities/discrepancies in an assembly to assess product conformance. Actual Weld/Braze Length (La): The distance measured along the weld centerline from the weld start to weld end. GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Conform: To comply with the general, visual, and measurable criteria of this standard. Continuous Joint (Weld or Braze): A continuous joint is a complete joint that extends without interruption from one end of the joint to the other. A weld/braze in which back-step welding/brazing is used is considered continuous. Joints shown as welded/brazed completely around a circular path are considered continuous. A continuous joint is evaluated independently of other joints. A linear or curvilinear weld/braze that has a length component > 10 mm is continuous. Arc spot welds, plug welds, twin-plug slot brazes are not continuous joints. (See Discrete Joint.) Convexity (of a Weld or Braze Face): A state when the actual weld face lies beyond the theoretical weld face. When used as a measurement, convexity is the maximum distance between the two. Convexity is not included in the throat dimension. Actual Weld Face Theoretical Weld Face Crack: A fracture-type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length-to-width of opening displacement. Crater: The unfilled area at the end of a weld bead where the arc is extinguished and the cross-sectional weld acceptance criteria are not met. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 15 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Depth of Fusion (e): The maximum distance that fusion extends from the surface into the base metals during welding. Discontinuity: An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such as lack of homogeneity in its mechanical, metallurgical or physical characteristics. A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect nor does it necessarily make the weld/braze discrepant/nonconforming. See, Burn Through, Improper Leg Length, Improver Throat Thickness, Internal Porosity, Longitudinal Crack, Meltback, Rollover, Skip, Surface Porosity, Transverse Crack, and Undercut. Some examples of discontinuities in Arc Welds and Brazes are shown in the following illustration. Discrepant: Discrete welds/brazes or portions of continuous welds/brazes that are inconsistent with criteria in this specification are discrepant. Discrepant welds/brazes may conform. Discrete Joints: Discrete joints are evaluated in patterns. Discrete arc welded/brazed joints include arc spot welds, arc plug welds, twin-plug slot brazes (each plug is a separate discrete joint) and other arc welds that are 10 mm or shorter. (See Continuous Joint.) Effective Weld/Braze Length (Le): The actual weld/braze length (Lw) minus the lengths of weld/braze bead containing discontinuities. Evidence of Fusion: Any measurable amount of fusion produced during the welding process. Faying Surface: The mating surface of two members that are welded. (Arc Spot Weld shown.) Fillet Weld: A weld of approximately triangular cross-section joining two work piece surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, T-joint or corner joint. (Typical features of cross-section shown.) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 16 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Flux Cored Arc Weld (FCAW): An arc welding process with an arc between a continuous tubular filler metal electrode and the weld pool. Shielding is provided by a flux contained within the tubular electrode. This process may also use additional external shielding gas. This process is used without the application of pressure. Fusion: Melting together of filler metal and base metal (or base metals only) to produce a weld. Fusion Width: The distance between weld toes in a filled slot joint where there is evidence of weld fusion (Compare to Adhesion Width.) Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW): An arc welding process with an arc between a continuous solid filler metal electrode and the weld pool. Shielding is obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas. This process is used without the application of pressure. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW): An arc welding process with an arc between a tungsten electrode (nonconsumable) and the weld pool. Shielding is obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas. This process is used without the application of pressure. Interface Diameter: The fusion/adhesion diameter measured at the faying interface of an arc-spot weld or an arc-plug weld/braze. Joint Root: See Root. Lap Joint: A joint type in which the non-butting ends of one or more workpieces overlap approximately parallel to each other. See Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C. See Fillet Weld Figure. Leg Length: In a weld/braze cross-section, the leg length is the length of fusion/adhesion in the parent metal measured between the weld toe and the weld root. Leg length is indicated by “b” in the figures in Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C. See Fillet Weld Figure. Longitudinal Crack: A crack that runs through the length of the weld/braze. Meltback: A situation where the base metal melts back from an edge but does not become part of the weld. This condition leaves a void between the weld deposit and the base metal. See Discontinuity for figure. Melt-through: Weld metal visibly extending through the opposite surface being welded or at the weld root. --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Metal-Cored Arc Welding: An arc welding process with an arc between a continuous tubular filler metal electrode and the weld pool. The tubular electrode is filled with a mixture of metal powder that assists the process. Shielding is obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas. This process is used without the application of pressure. Notching: A heat related burn-back of the material at the end of the joint resulting in a notch. Notching is similar to burn-through, but at the end of the joint. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 17 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Nonconforming: See Conform and discrepant. Pattern (Weld/Braze/Discrete Joint): A collection of discrete joints which a tolerance is applied to meet the structural integrity and for determining the manufacturing acceptance of the product. Penetration: See Depth of Fusion. Plasma Arc Welding (PAW): An arc welding process similar to GTAW that – in addition to the shielding gas – uses a secondary gas which is ionized to produce a plasma stream that transfers the electrical arc to the weld pool. Unlike other arc welding processes, PAW can be focused to produce a deep, narrow penetration. This process is used without the application of pressure. Plug Weld/Braze: A filled weld/braze made inside a circular hole in one sheet and joins that sheet to another. Pore: A single cavity discontinuity; see porosity. Porosity: Cavity type discontinuities or surface openings resulting from gas entrapped in or escaping from the weld pool during solidification. There are two types of porosity: surface and internal. Qualified Setup: The weld parameters established and documented during the last process qualification (Weld Verification or subsequent Requalification). All qualification must be documented (e.g., in the Welding System Qualification Status Spreadsheet) and retained per GM Information Lifecycle Management policy. Required Weld/Braze Length (Lr): The specified weld/braze length minus any allowable tolerance. See Table 1. Rollover: The protrusion of weld metal that is beyond the weld toe or weld root and is not fused to the base metal. This condition exists when the weld face intersects the base metal at an angle > 90° (as shown in the following illustration). In cross-section, the joint root may be a point, a line or an area. Joint roots are indicated with a non-filled square in the Figures in Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C. See Fillet Weld illustration. --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 18 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): An arc welding process with an arc between a covered metal electrode and the weld pool. Shielding is obtained from decomposition of the electrode covering. This process is used without the application of pressure. Skewed T-Joint: A joint whose dihedral angle lies between that of a lap joint and a T-joint. A Joint whose obtuse dihedral angle falls in the range of 120° and 150° is skewed T-joint. A joint whose obtuse dihedral angle is larger than 150° is a lap joint. A joint whose obtuse dihedral angle is < 120° is a T-Joint. Skip: Any portion within the weld bead that is missing. See Discontinuity for figure. Spatter: The metal particles expelled during arc welding that do not form a part of the weld bead and remain attached to the surface of the base metals. --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Specified Weld/Braze Length (Lw): The weld/braze length stated on the weld design document. Theoretical Braze Root: For a brazed joint a theoretical braze root exists when the braze root would cause the throat to cross through either parent metal. In this situation the throat (which is always perpendicular to the theoretical face) is translated (without changing its angle) until it is tangent with the edge of the parent material that it had crossed through. The base of this throat projection is the Theoretical Braze Root. (See open squares in Figures B1 through B10 and Appendix C.) Toe: The junction of the weld/braze face and the base metal. See filled circles in Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C. Refer also to Face; See Fillet Weld Figure. Top Sheet: Regardless of part orientation in space, the top sheet is defined as: a. The sheet whose edge is closest to the torch (for a lap joint; arc spot welding; and arc plug welding/brazing). b. The sheet whose edge interests another sheet (T-Joint or Skewed T-Joint). c. The thinner sheet/member (flare-v-groove joints; joints with rod, tube, or wire). Theoretical Weld Face: A straight line drawn between the weld toes. See Weld Face; See Fillet Weld Figure. Throat Thickness (a): The throat thickness is the minimum distance between any weld root and the weld face minus any weld convexity. Throat thickness is indicated by “a” in the figures in Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C. See Fillet Weld Figure. Transverse Crack: A crack that lies across the width of the weld. Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG): See Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Twin-Plug Slot Brazes: A twin plug slot braze is a slot with an arc braze welded plug applied at both ends of the slot. (The plug at each end of a slot is a separate discrete joint.) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 19 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Undercut: A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld toe or weld root and left unfilled by weld metal. Undercut Under-fill: The distance from the surface of a plug weld/braze to the top of the hole being filled with weld/braze filler wire. Weld: A localized coalescence of metals produced by heating the metals to their melting temperature. In this standard, weld is used interchangeably with Weld Bead. Weld/Braze Bead: The solidified volume of molten metal from one continuous weld/braze pass. The term weld/braze bead is used interchangeably with Weld/Braze. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 20 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Weld/Braze Centerline: An imaginary line drawn approximately equidistant from the weld toes extending from the weld start to the weld end. Weld Crater: See Crater. Weld/Braze Design Document: A product document that describes welding requirements such as number of welds, location of welds, applicable weld standards, weld patterns, weld notes, etc. This document is released and approved by the appropriate Product Design Release Engineer. Weld/Braze Direction: The direction of travel that the welding/brazing process is progressing from the start to the end. Weld/Braze End: A point along the weld/braze bead centerline where the arc is extinguished and the weld/braze stops. Weld/Braze Face: The surface of a weld/braze bead that is exposed to the torch. The width of the face on a cross-section extends from the toe on one sheet to the toe on the other sheet. See Theoretical Weld Face; See Fillet Weld Figure. Weld/Braze Length Tolerance (Lt): The length that the effective weld/braze may be shorter that the length specified on the weld/braze document. The weld/braze length tolerance (Lt) is subtracted from the specified weld/braze length (Lw) to determine the minimum required weld/braze length (Lr). See Table 1. Weld Pattern: See Pattern. Weld Pool: The molten portion of a weld where the base metals (and filler if applicable) coalesce. For brazing, the weld pool is the molten portion of the braze filler metal that wets the base metals being joined. Weld Root: The portion of the joint to be welded where the members are in closest proximity to each other. In a weld cross-section, the weld root(s) are the point(s) where penetration intersects each sheet metal surface at the closest proximity between the sheets. When there is no gap there will only be one weld root. (See open circles in Figures A1 through A18, and Appendix C). Welding/Brazing Source: The manufacturing organization responsible for the welding of a product assembly. Weld/Braze Start. A point along the weld/braze bead centerline where the arc is initiated. Weld/Braze Template: An inspection overlay device used to evaluate weld location. Templates can be created by plotting the weld location as defined by the weld design document on a transparent overlay for comparison to the actual weld locations. --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 21 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Weld Toe: See Toe. 5.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. Weld/Braze root Weld/Braze toe Theoretical Braze root a Throat thickness ABW Arc Braze Welding aw Adhesion Width b Leg length CTS Component Technical Specifications Interface diameter for an arc-spot weld or arc-plug braze/weld dI Interface diameter for interface 1 in a 3T arc-spot weld or arc-plug braze/weld dI1 Interface diameter for interface 2 in a 3T arc-spot weld or arc-plug braze/weld dI2 Nominal (original hole) diameter for an arc-plug braze/weld dn Nominal (original hole) diameter in top sheet for a 3T arc-plug braze/weld dn1 Nominal (original hole) diameter in second sheet for a 3T arc-plug braze/weld dn2 Spot diameter for an arc-plug braze/weld dS DT Determining Thickness e Depth of fusion f Weld face FCAB Flux Cored Arc Brazing FCAW Flux Core Arc Welding fw Fusion width GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding GMNA General Motors North America GPS Global Propulsion Systems GTAB Gas Tungsten Arc Brazing GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Actual Weld/Braze Length La Combined discontinuity lengths Ld Effective Weld/Braze Length Le Minimum Required Weld/Braze Length Lr Length tolerance Lt Specified Weld/Braze Length Lw MCAW Metal Cored Arc Welding © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 22 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS PAB PAW PQRS PQS SMAW SME t tmin VTS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Plasma Arc Brazing Plasma Arc Welding Process Quality Requirements System Product Quality Standard Shielded Metal Arc Welding Subject Matter Expert Metal thickness Thickness of the thinner metal to be welded Vehicle Technical Specifications 6 Coding System This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows: GMW14058 7 Release and Revisions This standard was originated in August 2004. It was first approved by CCRW Global Council in December 2005. It was first published in December 2005. Publication Date Description (Organization) 1 DEC 2005 Initial publication. 2 SEP 2009 Arc Braze and Slot Joints added. (Global Weld Council) 3 AUG 2018 Added processes, changed scope to join non-ferrous materials in addition to steel, added tolerances and provisions for discrete welds evaluated in patterns, added tolerance criteria needed for non-body welding, updated references. (Welding - Manufacturing) --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Issue © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 23 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Appendix A: Typical Arc Weld Cross-Sections --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Figure A1: Two Metal Stack-up Lap Joint Concave Fillet Weld as Typically Displayed for Thick Metal Welding (> ca. 3 mm) Figure A2: Two Metal Stack-up Lap Joint Concave Fillet Weld as Typically Displayed for Thin Metal Welding (< ca. 3 mm) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 24 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A3: Two Metal Stack-up Lap Joint - Convex Fillet Weld as Typically Displayed for Thick Metal Welding (> ca. 3 mm) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 25 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A4: Two Metal Stack-up Lap Joint - Convex Fillet Weld as Typically Displayed for Thin Metal Welding (< ca. 3 mm) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 26 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 x1 t1 a1 b2 f a2 t2 t3 b1 Figure A5: Three Metal Stack-up Lap Joint - Concave Fillet Weld t1 x1 a1 f a2 b2 t2 t3 b1 Figure A6: Three Metal Stack-up Lap Joint - Convex Fillet Weld © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 27 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A7: T-Joint - Concave Fillet Weld Figure A8: T-Joint - Convex Fillet Weld © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 28 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A9: Flare-V-Groove Weld, Concave Figure A10: Flare-V-Groove Weld, Convex © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`, August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 29 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A11: Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld, Concave Figure A12: Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld, Convex --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 30 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A13: Flare-Edge-Groove Weld, Concave Figure A14: Flare-Edge-Groove Weld, Convex © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 31 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A15: Skewed T-Joint Weld Figure A16: Edge Weld © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 32 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Figure A17: Sheet-to-Tube, Sheet-to-Rod, Sheet-to-Wire Weld © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 33 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure A18: Welded Joints among Rods, Tubes, and Wires --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Figure A19: Welded V-Groove Joint with Built-in Backing (Top) and Joggle Joint (Bottom) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 34 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Appendix B: Typical Arc Braze Cross-Sections Figure B1a: Two Metal Stack-up: Lap Joint Fillet Braze Figure B1b: Two Metal Stack-up: Lap Joint Fillet Braze Figure B1: Two Metal Stack-up: Lap Joint Fillet Braze (both B1a and B1b) © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 35 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure B2: Three Metal Stack-up Lap Joint Fillet Braze © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 36 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Figure B3: T-Joint Fillet Braze © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 37 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Figure B4: Flare V-Groove Braze © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 38 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Figure B5: Flare Bevel-Groove Braze © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 39 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure B6: Flare Edge-Groove Braze --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 40 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure B7: Skewed T-Joint Braze Figure B8: Edge Braze © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 41 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure B9: Sheet-to-Tube, Sheet-to-Rod, Sheet-to-Wire Braze © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 42 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure B10: Brazed Joints among Rods, Tubes, and Wires --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 43 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Appendix C: Typical Cross-sections of Filled Slot Joints f tmin b a a b fw --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Figure C1: Arc Welding Two-Metal Stack-up Filled Slot Joint © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 44 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Figure C2: Arc Brazing Two-Metal Stack-up Filled Slot Joint © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 45 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure C3: Arc Brazing Two-Metal Stack-up Filled Slot Joint © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 46 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Figure C4: Arc Brazing Three-Metal Stack-up Filled Slot Joint © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 47 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Figure C5: Arc Brazing Three-Metal Stack-up Filled Slot Joint © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 48 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Appendix D: Attributes, Criteria and Discontinuities for Arc Welds/Brazes Table D1: Determining When an Arc Weld/Braze is Discrepant and must be Repaired Note1, Note 2 Criteria (Section of GMW14058) Attribute Discontinuities that make a Weld/Braze Discrepant/ Nonconforming Note1, Note 2 (See Appendix F and G for Repair) Filler Metal 3.1.3 X Note 3 Surface Cracks 3.2.1 X Burn-through (Hole) 3.2.2 X Note 3 Meltback 3.2.3 Discontinuity Length(s) not to be Included in Effective weld/braze length (Le) X Discontinuities that do not Make the Weld/Braze Discrepant/ Nonconforming X X Note 4 Melt-through > 2 x tmin 3.2.4 X Melt-through < 2 x tmin 3.2.4 X Note 4 Missing Welds/Brazes 3.2.5 X Extra Welds/Brazes 3.2.6 Crater 3.2.7 Direction of Weld/Braze 3.2.8 X Wrapped Around Corners 3.2.9 X Starts and Stops 3.2.10 X Visual Appearance 3.2.11 Skip 3.2.12 X X Rollover 3.2.13 3.3.4.10 (see 3.2.13) X Notching 3.2.14 X X Fill Requirements for Arc Spot Welds 3.2.15 X Applies only to welds Visual Requirements for Twin-Plug Slot Brazes 3.2.16 X Applies only to brazes Spatter 3.2.17 X Note 4 Location 3.3.1 X Insufficient Effective Weld/Braze Length Le < Lr 3.3.2 X Extra Length of Weld/Braze 3.3.2 X Convexity 3.3.3 X X X 3.3.4.2 X Note 5 Throat Thickness 3.3.4.3 X Note 5 Fusion Width in Filled Slot Joints 3.3.4.4 X X Applies only to Welds 3.3.4.5 Depth of Fusion – No penetration 3.3.4.5 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- X Leg Length Depth of Fusion < 10% X X Applies only to Welds © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 49 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Criteria (Section of GMW14058) Attribute Discontinuities that make a Weld/Braze Discrepant/ Nonconforming Note1, Note 2 (See Appendix F and G for Repair) Lack of Adhesion 3.3.4.5 X Applies only to Brazes Excessive Undercut 3.3.4.6 X Surface Porosity 3.3.4.7 X Internal Porosity 3.3.4.8 Internal Cracks 3.3.4.9 Fusion at Root 3.3.4.11 GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Discontinuity Length(s) not to be Included in Effective weld/braze length (Le) X X5 X Arc Spot Weld Size 3.3.5 X Applies only to welds Arc Plug Weld Size 3.3.6 X Skewed T-Joint Weld Size 3.3.7 X X Edge Weld Size 3.3.8 X X Joints with Rods and Tubes 3.3.9 X X 3.3.10.1 X Applies only to brazes Twin Plug Slot Braze Size Discontinuities that do not Make the Weld/Braze Discrepant/ Nonconforming Note 1: Discrepant discrete welds need only be repaired if the pattern is nonconforming (See 3.4.1.2.) Note 2: Welds/Brazes requiring repair can alternatively be dealt with by following the GM Global Quality Requirements for Nonconforming Material. Note 3: Welds/Brazes using the wrong filler metal or having holes burned through must be repaired – regardless of tolerance. Note 4: Welds with melt-through or spatter only require repair if the melt-through/spatter interferes product performance or with subsequent assembly operations. Note 5: A single discrepant cross-section may not require repair. Refer to 3.4.1.3. --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 50 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Appendix E: Surface Appearance in Special Areas of Vehicle Table E1: Appearance Zones Zone “A” Exterior: - 50 cm to 200 cm from ground height - Roofs < 170 cm from ground height - Including panel radii Interior: -Forward of rear seatback (visible from interior with panels closed) Zone “B” Exterior: - Ground Level to 50 cm in height and >200 cm off ground level - Roofs ≥ 170 cm from ground height - Areas on front/rear closures that are only visible with panel open Interior: - Door inner panels (excluding Front door hinge area and other areas covered by the D zone.) Includes rear door return flange - Door openings (excluding hinge areas and other areas covered by the D zone) - Rearward of rear seatback (visible from interior with panels closed) - Entire surfaces of rear closures (including hinge areas) - Cargo door inner panel and opening - Decklid inner panel and opening - Liftgate inner panel, opening - Swing gate inner, opening - Non Pick Up tailgate inner, opening Zone “C” - Pick Up Box inner (including enclosed) - Pick Up Tailgate inner panel, opening - Back panel on incomplete trucks (frame exposed) - Trunk compartment (excluding areas covered by carpet, trim, etc.) - Fuel door inner and opening - Outside Rear View Mirror housing underside - Other visible areas which are not defined as any other zone Zone “D” - Cargo van (cargo compartment) - B-pillar and behind (areas not covered) - Engine compartment (only includes the fender rails, top surfaces of shock towers and front end tie bar) - Hood inner - Hooks, tie-downs and trailer hitches - Spare tire area - Sun roof water channel - Wheel arch Interior: - Door inner Lower area below door pad and hinge area - Door opening hinge area - Areas only visible when the seat is not in the mid position --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 51 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Figure E1: Appearance Zones © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 52 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Table E2: Additional Weld/Braze Surface Appearance Criteria by Surface Classification Attributes GMW14058 Reference Size/ Description Cracks 3.2.1 Visible Burnthrough 3.2.2 Any Size Melt-through 3.2.4 Any Size Large ≥ 4 mm Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required No Additional Requirement Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required More than 1/100 mm Aesthetic Repair Required More than 1/100 mm Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required Visible -- > 1 mm to < 2 mm Crater ≥ 2 mm to < 4 mm 3.2.7 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- ≥ 4 mm Any size Spatter (Pearls) Small > 1 mm to < 2 mm 3.2.17 Medium ≥ 2 mm to < 4 mm Distortion (Waviness) 3.2.11 Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D Unexposed Secondary Surfaces No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required No Additional Requirement Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required No Additional Requirement Normal Repair Normal Repair -- -- -- -- No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement -- -- Aesthetic Repair Required More than 5/100 mm Aesthetic Repair Required More than 5/100 mm Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required Aesthetic Repair Required -- -- No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement Aesthetic Repair Required No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement -- No Additional Requirement No Additional Requirement -- © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 53 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Appendix F Table F1: Repair Procedures for Discontinuities in Arc Welds Note 1 Discontinuities GMW14058 Reference Description Incorrect Filler Metal Used Filler Metal specified. used not Filler Metal Surface Cracks Cracks occurring in weld bead or crater. Repair Method 3.1.3 Grind to remove weld bead and reweld. Note 2 3.2.1 Re-weld to eliminate crack. Note 2 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Burn-through Hole in the weld bead - Hole < 2 mm. 3.2.2 Use sealer released by responsible product engineer (e.g., Midwest Thermal Spray CBF100 conductive body filler for repairs before paint; 9984532 for repairs after paint).A Product Engineering approved Product Quality Standard (PQS) is required to identify welds/brazes that do not require hole repair. Burn-through Hole in the weld bead - Hole ≥ 2 mm. 3.2.2 Arc weld to repair hole. Note 2 Meltback One of the base metals to be welded is melted back away from its edge. 3.2.3 Re-Weld to eliminate meltback condition. Note 2 Melt-through Weld melt-through extends more than 2x tmin or interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly. 3.2.4 Metal finish to correct surface. Note 2 Missing Weld Weld not installed or omitted. 3.2.5 Arc weld at correct location to the specified weld/braze length. Note 2 Crater Crater causes insufficient length 3.2.7 Add weld to achieve required weld length. Note 2 Incorrect Direction of Weld Specified Weld Start Location incorrect 3.2.8 Grind to remove weld and re-weld with correct start position. Note 2 Corners not Wrapped Weld not wrapping corner of part when so indicated on documentation. 3.2.9 Re-weld to eliminate condition. Note 2 Un-authorized Starts and Stops Additional starts and stops in a weld bead not called out in product documentation. 3.2.10 Grind and re-weld without cold starts/stops in bead or TIG weld additional starts/stops to ensure fusion. Note 2 Visual Appearance Surface Appearance does not meet requirements in Table E1. 3.2.11 Follow procedures in Appendix E Skip Section of Weld Bead contains a length of Skip that is greater than allowable discontinuity length shown in Table 1. 3.2.12 Rollover Section of weld bead contains a length of Rollover at toe of weld indicating lack of fusion. Length is greater than allowable discontinuity length shown in Table 1. 3.2.13 3.3.4.10 Notching Notching is located in Zones A, B, C, or D. Note 2 3.2.14 Re-weld and metal finish as required for special area of vehicle. Note 2 Under-filled Arc Spot Welds Arc Spot Weld is Under-filled. 3.2.15 Re-weld to correct condition Note 2 Re-weld to eliminate Skip condition. Note 2 Grind and re-weld to eliminate rollover condition. Note 2 © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 54 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Description GMW14058 Reference Spatter Spatter exists on Class A, B, C or D Surface or spatter interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly. 3.2.17 Metal finish to correct surface. Note 2 Improperly Located Weld Weld not located within 6mm of the location shown on weld design document. 3.3.1 Arc weld at correct location. Note 2 Insufficient Weld Bead Length A weld whose effective weld length is less than the required weld length. 3.3.2 Add weld to achieve required weld length. Note 2 Convexity Convexity weld bead interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly. 3.3.3 Metal finish to correct surface. Note 2 Insufficient Leg Length Leg length is less than specified. 3.3.4.2 Grind and re-weld to the specified leg length. Note 2 Insufficient Throat Thickness Throat thickness is less than specified. 3.3.4.3 Grind and re-weld to the specified throat. Note 2 Insufficient Fusion Width in a Filled Slot Joint Fusion Width is less than Slot Width. 3.3.4.4 Grind and re-weld. Note 2 Insufficient Depth of Fusion No Penetration. 3.3.4.5 Grind and re-weld. Note 2 Excessive Undercut Measured length and/or undercut is not acceptable. 3.3.4.6 Re-weld to eliminate undercut condition. Note 2 Excessive Surface Porosity Porosity exceeds stated limits. 3.3.4.7 Grind to eliminate porosity and reweld. Note 2 Excessive Internal Porosity Porosity exceeds stated limits. 3.3.4.8 Grind to eliminate porosity and reweld. Note 2 Internal Cracks Visible cracks in the weld metal or base metal. 3.3.4.9 Note 2 Insufficient Arc Spot Weld Size Arc Spot Weld undersized. 3.3.5 Re-Weld next to undersized spot; or Re-weld with TIG to increase spot size, or Grind and re-weld. Note 2 Insufficient Arc Plug Weld Size Arc Plug Weld undersized. 3.3.6 Re-weld with TIG to increase spot size, or Grind and re-weld. Note 2 Insufficient Weld Size for Skewed-T Joint Fillet weld undersized. 3.3.7 Grind and re-weld to the specified leg/throat size. Note 2 Insufficient Weld Size for Edge Welded Joint Edge weld undersized. 3.3.8 Grind and re-weld to the specified leg/throat size. Note 2 Insufficient Weld Size for Joints involving tube or rod Fillet/Flare-V Groove weld undersized. 3.3.9 Grind and re-weld to the specified leg/throat size. Note 2 Discontinuities depth of Repair Method Grind to remove cracks and re-weld. Note 1: The repair filler metal used for “re-weld” must be the filler metal specified for the original weld. Note 2: Repairs on Special areas of the vehicle shall follow procedure in tables. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 55 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Appendix G Table G1: Repair Procedures for Discrepant Arc Brazes Note 1 Discontinuities Description GMW14058 Reference Incorrect Filler Metal Used Filler Metal used not Filler Metal specified. 3.1.3 Grind to remove braze bead and rebraze. Note 2 Surface Cracks Cracks occurring in braze bead or crater. 3.2.1 Re-braze to eliminate crack. Note 2 Repair Method Burn-through Hole in the braze bead - Hole < 2 mm. 3.2.2 Use sealer released by responsible product engineer (e.g., Midwest Thermal Spray CBF100 conductive body filler for repairs before paint; 9984532 for repairs after paint) Burn-through Hole in the braze bead - Hole ≥ 2 mm. 3.2.2 Arc braze to repair hole. Note 2 Meltback One of the base metals to be brazed is melted back away from its edge. 3.2.3 Re-Braze to eliminate meltback condition. Note 2 Braze melt-through extends more than 2x tmin or interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly. 3.2.4 Metal finish to correct surface. Note 2 Braze not installed or omitted. 3.2.5 Arc weld/braze at correct location to the specified weld/braze length. Note 2 Crater causes insufficient length. 3.2.7 Add weld/braze to achieve required weld/braze length. Note 2 Incorrect Direction of Weld Specified Weld Start Location incorrect. 3.2.8 Grind to remove weld and re-weld with correct start position. Note 2 Corners not Wrapped Braze not wrapping corner of part when so indicated on documentation. 3.2.9 Re-braze to eliminate condition. Note 2 Additional starts and stops in a braze bead not called out in product documentation. 3.2.10 Grind and re-braze without cold starts/stops in bead or TIG braze additional starts/stops to ensure fusion. Note 2 Surface Appearance does not meet requirements in Table E1. 3.2.11 Follow procedures in Appendix E Section of Braze Bead contains a length of Skip that is greater than allowable discontinuity length shown in Table 1. 3.2.12 Melt-through Missing Braze Crater Un-authorized Starts and Stops Visual Appearance Skip Rollover Section of braze bead contains a length of Rollover at toe of weld indicating lack of fusion. Length is greater than allowable discontinuity length shown in Table 1. Notching Notching is located in Zones A, B, C, or D. Note 2 Twin Plug Slot Braze End not Filled Twin Plug Slot Braze not centered 3.2.13 3.3.4.10 3.2.14 Re-braze to eliminate Skip condition. Note 2 Grind and re-braze to eliminate rollover condition. Note 2 Re-braze and metal finish as required for special area of vehicle. Note 2 Twin Plug Slot Braze does not fill the end of the slot. 3.2.16.1 Fillet braze repair along free edges of slot. Note 2 Twin Plug Slot Braze is not centered in end of the slot. 3.2.6.2 Fillet braze repair along free edges of slot. Note 2 © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 56 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT Discontinuities GMW14058 Reference Description GMW14058 Template For ENG STDS Repair Method Spatter exists on Class A, B, C or D Surface or spatter interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly. 3.2.17 Metal finish to correct surface. Note 2 Braze not located within 6mm of the location shown on braze design document. 3.3.1 Arc braze at correct location. Note 2 A braze whose effective braze length is less than the required braze length. 3.3.2 Add braze to achieve required braze length. Note 2 Convexity braze bead interferes with product performance or subsequent assembly. 3.3.3 Metal finish to correct surface. Note 2 Leg length is less than specified. 3.3.4.2 Grind and re-braze to the specified leg length. Note 2 Insufficient Throat Thickness Throat thickness is less than specified. 3.3.4.3 Grind and re-braze to the specified throat. Note 2 Insufficient Fusion Width in a Filled Slot Joint Fusion Width is less than Slot Width. 3.3.4.4 Grind and re-braze. Note 2 Insufficient Depth of Fusion No Adhesion. 3.3.4.5 Grind and re-braze. Note 2 Measured length and/or depth of undercut is not acceptable. 3.3.4.6 Re-braze to eliminate undercut condition. Note 2 Excessive Surface Porosity Porosity exceeds stated limits. 3.3.4.7 Grind to eliminate porosity and rebraze. Note 2 Excessive Internal Porosity Porosity exceeds stated limits. 3.3.4.8 Grind to eliminate porosity and rebraze. Note 2 Internal Cracks Visible cracks in the braze metal or base metal. 3.3.4.9 Insufficient Arc Spot Braze Size Arc Spot Braze undersized. 3.3.5 Re-Braze next to undersized spot; or Re-braze with TIG to increase spot size, or Grind and re-braze. Note 2 Insufficient Arc Plug Braze Size Arc Plug Braze undersized. 3.3.6 Re-braze with TIG to increase spot size, or Grind and re-braze. Note 2 Insufficient Braze Size for Skewed-T Joint Fillet braze undersized. 3.3.7 Grind and re-braze to the specified leg/throat size. Note 2 Insufficient Braze Size for Edge Brazed Joint Edge braze undersized. 3.3.8 Grind and re-braze to the specified leg/throat size. Note 2 Insufficient Braze Size for Joints involving tube or rod Fillet/Flare-V Groove braze undersized. 3.3.9 Grind and re-braze to the specified leg/throat size. Note 2 Twin Plug Slot Braze undersized Twin Plug Slot Braze undersized. Spatter Improperly Located Braze Insufficient Braze Bead Length Convexity Insufficient Leg Length Excessive Undercut 3.3.10.3 Grind to remove cracks and re-braze. Note 2 Fillet braze repair along free edges of slot. Note 2 Note 1: The repair filler metal used for “re-weld” must be the filler metal specified for the original weld. Note 2: Repairs on special areas of the vehicle shall follow procedure in tables. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Page 57 of 59 Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Appendix H: Weld Acceptability Flow Chart Figure H1: Weld Bead Length Acceptability Flow Chart © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 58 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14058 Deviations GM Manufacturing Plants: For the GMT6XX Programs (where XX is a place holder for any digits). Continue to Follow GMN3903. © Copyright 2018 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved August 2018 Page 59 of 59 --`,,,,,,,````,,```,``,,`,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707001, User=Rodriguez, Adrian Not for Resale, 09/21/2018 08:37:32 MDT
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