Vocabulary
Collocations with make and do
1 � Complete the third column of the table below by
writing these words and phrases in the correct row.
<:l-A activity'
the bed
aA appoi11t111er1t
business
a course
a decision
(an) exercise
housework
a noise
verb
make
1
an effort
a favour
(a) sport
homework
a job
a plan
the cleaning
an excuse
friends
an impression
a phone call
the shopping
an arrangement
a change .a choice
a mistake
progress
money
a prom1se
work
definition
1
common collocation
to create or produce
something
do
to perform an activity
or job
2
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Candidates often confuse make and do.
Complete these sentences by writing make or do in
the correct form in the gaps.
1 According to a recent study of teenagers, most of them
2
............... not do housework just for pocket money.
1
always ............... my own bed in the morning, but I don't
............... any cleaning.
3 He had to ............... a phone call in order to ............... the
arrangements.
4 Essential changes should be ............... so that we avoid
............... the same mistake in the future.
5 People who ............... language courses tend to ............... a
lot of friends at the same time.
6 This weekend, as well as ............... the shopping, l'm
hoping to ............... sorne outdoor activities as well.
Grammar
lnfinitive and verb + -ing
1 These sentences (sorne of which are from the article
you have just read) are examples of when to use
the infinitive and when to use the verb + -ing form.
Decide which sentence (a-i) is an example (1-10) for
each of the rules on this page. You can use sorne of
the sentences as examples for more than one rule.
a Not finishing that race was the most valuable lesson 1
could have learned.
b I promised then to come back one day and finish the
race.
c In fact, what I did involved simply running, biking and
paddling a kayak as much and as hard as I could.
d There is a lot to be said far just gaining experience.
e I was training a .couple of hours a d.ay during the week
to get .fit ._
f Th.ere are medical teams to take care of injured runners .'
g He was just too tired to carry on.
h lt's no use entering a race if you haven't prepared
properly.
Two of my team-mates decided not to continue the
race after just a day and a half.
Using the infinitive and verb + -ing
The infinitive is used:
1 to say why you do somethingj,sentence ......�..... )
2 to say why something exists (sentence ............. )
3 after too and enough (sentence ............. )
4 after these v·erbs (there is a more complete list on
page 166): agree, appear, ask, arrange, decide, expect,
fail, help, promise (sentences ............. and .............)
5 The negative is farmed by placing not befare the
infinitive (sentence .............)
The verb
+ -ing is used:
6 after prepositions (sentence .............)
7 as subjects or objects of a verb (sentence .............)
8 after these verbs (th.ere is a more complete list
on page 166): admit, enjoy, finish, involve, mind,
postpone, risk, suggest (sentence .............)
9 after these expressions: it's no good, it's not worth,
it's no use, it's a waste of time, spend time, can't help
(sentence .............)
10 The negative is farmed by placing not befare the verb
+ -ing (sentence .............)
2 Complete these sentences by writing the verb in
brackets in the correct form in the gaps.
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1 Carlos has suggested ........................................... (start) a five5
Candidates often make mistakes with the
a-side faotball team. What do you think?
infinitive and verb + -ing. Sorne of these sentences
2 1 don't think the weather is good enough ................................
are correct. Find and correct the mistakes .
............ (go) sailing this afternoon.
1 Students are not allowed running along school corridors.
3 We've decided ........................................... (ho/d) the race early
2 Few people choose spending their time taking
in the morning befare it gets to� hot.
exercise.
4 ........................................... (train) is essential if you want to
3
The
Internet means that we spend more time sitting at
perfarm well.
home,
but we cannot imagine to live without it.
5 l've joined a gym ........................................... (get) myself fitter.
4 Being fit and healthy does not mean to run 20 km a day.
6 lf you train too hard, you risk ........................................... (injure)
5 Many students would prefer to cycle to school than go
yourself befare the race.
by school bus.
7 lt's no good ........................................... (run) in a marathon if
6
Many people only think about take exercise when they
you're not wearing the right shoes.
are overweight.
8 She was disqualified from the race far .......................................
7
Unless they try to compete as a team, they will not
............ (push) an opponent.
succeed to win the competition.
8 Doing a sport is a good alternative if you are bored to
3 Circle the correct form in italics in each of these
sit and read a book.
questions.
9 lt may be good to use a bicycle instead of going by
1 What sport would you advise someone to do/ doing in
public transport.
arder to make friends?
10 There are several good reasons far ride a bike.
2 What sport would you choose to learn / learning if you
had plenty of time and money?
3 lf someone needed to get fit, what sport would you
suggest to do/ doing?
4 What sports do you avoid to take part in/ taking part in
and why?
lnfinitive and verb + -ing forms
lnfinitive
We use the infinitive:
• to say why we do something:
/'ve just gane running to get sorne exercise.
He's taken up tennis to make friends.
• to say why something exists:
There's an example to help you.
• after too and enough:
lt's too cold to go swimming today.
He isn't good enough to make the national team.
• We use the infinitive in the following verb patterns:
verb + to
infinitive
agree appear
bother decide
demand fail hope
learn manage offer
plan refuse seem
be supposed
threaten
She agreed to
meet him after
work.
verb +
somebody/
something +
to infinitive
The money
enabled him to go
to university.
forbid
invite
promise
tell
allow
offer
recommend
threaten
ask
arder
decide
permit
refuse
encourage
persuade
remind
warn
11) See also page 173: Reported speech
• as subjects or objects of a sentence:
Climbing is safer than it looks.
He decided to take up running.
We use a verb + -ing after these verbs:
admit
appreciate
delay
deny
dislike
keep
risk
avoid
mind
stop
celebrate
enjoy
finish
miss
consider
imagine
postpone
practise
suggest
I real/y enjoyed winning that match.
She suggested playing a game of squash after school.
We can use these verbs from the list above in reported
speech:
admit
deny
regret
1
1
suggest
11) See page 174: Reported speech - reporting verbs
We use a verb + -ing after these expressions:
• We use these verbs from the lists above to report speech:
agree
Note: We also use a verb + -ing after to when to is a
preposition:
l'm looking forward to going on holiday.
She's used to studying everything in English.
regret
She expected to
win the race.
I expect you to
play in the match.
advise
We use a verb + -ing:
• after prepositions:
He's made a /ot of friends by joining the tennis club.
We watched a film about climbing in the mountains.
involve
verb +
ask choose expect
(somebody/ help intend promise
something)
want
+ to infinitive
advise allow enable
encourage forbid
force invite arder
permit persuade
recommend remind
teach tell warn
Verb + -ing
it's no good
it's not worth
it's a waste of time
it's no use
can't stand
can't bear
can't help
lt's not worth joining that sports club.
lt's a waste of time entering the competition unless you're
real/y fit.
I can't bear watching my team when they play badly.
Verbs followed by either an infinitive or a verb + -ing with
almost the same meaning:
lave
begin
continue
hate
prefer
like
start
--
/ /ove playing tennis. / /ove to play tennis.
lt continued raining al/ day. lt continued to rain al/ day.
Note: When /ove, hate, prefer and like are used with wo
they are always followed by the infinitive:
I wouldn't like to do an adventure race.
l'd prefer to watch it on television.
--
-
Verbs followed by either an infinitive or a
verb + -ing with a difference in meaning
1
verb + infinitive
remember Oid you remember
to bring your running
shoes? (an action you
have to do)
forget
Don't forget to bring
your tennis racket.
(an action you have
to do)
regret
try
I regret to tell you
the race has been
cancelled. (regret +
to say / to tell/ to
inform means 'l'm
sorry to give you this
information'.)
l'm running every day
because l'm trying to
get fit. (My objective
is to get fit.)
mean
Mario means to win
the championship.
(This is his intention.)
stop
verb + -ing
I remember feeling
very tired at the
end of the race.
(a memory of
something in the
past)
/'II never forget
winning my first
tennis championship.
(a memory of
something in the
past)
I regret not training
harder befare the
race. (l'm sorry I didn't
do this.)
lf you want to get
fit, why don't you
try swimming?
(Swimming is a
method to reach your
objective.)
I wanted to be a
swimming champion,
but it meant going to
the pool every day at
5.30. (it involved)
Halfway through the
When he realised
marathon, he stopped he couldn't win, he
stopped running.
to drink sorne water.
(in order to drink
sorne water)
(He didn't continue.)
Note: The form forget + verb + -ing is unusual. lt is more
normal to use (not) remember:
.' forget riding a bike the first time. / don't remember riding
a bike the first time.
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