Vocabulary Collocations with make and do 1 � Complete the third column of the table below by writing these words and phrases in the correct row. <:l-A activity' the bed aA appoi11t111er1t business a course a decision (an) exercise housework a noise verb make 1 an effort a favour (a) sport homework a job a plan the cleaning an excuse friends an impression a phone call the shopping an arrangement a change .a choice a mistake progress money a prom1se work definition 1 common collocation to create or produce something do to perform an activity or job 2 0 Candidates often confuse make and do. Complete these sentences by writing make or do in the correct form in the gaps. 1 According to a recent study of teenagers, most of them 2 ............... not do housework just for pocket money. 1 always ............... my own bed in the morning, but I don't ............... any cleaning. 3 He had to ............... a phone call in order to ............... the arrangements. 4 Essential changes should be ............... so that we avoid ............... the same mistake in the future. 5 People who ............... language courses tend to ............... a lot of friends at the same time. 6 This weekend, as well as ............... the shopping, l'm hoping to ............... sorne outdoor activities as well. Grammar lnfinitive and verb + -ing 1 These sentences (sorne of which are from the article you have just read) are examples of when to use the infinitive and when to use the verb + -ing form. Decide which sentence (a-i) is an example (1-10) for each of the rules on this page. You can use sorne of the sentences as examples for more than one rule. a Not finishing that race was the most valuable lesson 1 could have learned. b I promised then to come back one day and finish the race. c In fact, what I did involved simply running, biking and paddling a kayak as much and as hard as I could. d There is a lot to be said far just gaining experience. e I was training a .couple of hours a d.ay during the week to get .fit ._ f Th.ere are medical teams to take care of injured runners .' g He was just too tired to carry on. h lt's no use entering a race if you haven't prepared properly. Two of my team-mates decided not to continue the race after just a day and a half. Using the infinitive and verb + -ing The infinitive is used: 1 to say why you do somethingj,sentence ......�..... ) 2 to say why something exists (sentence ............. ) 3 after too and enough (sentence ............. ) 4 after these v·erbs (there is a more complete list on page 166): agree, appear, ask, arrange, decide, expect, fail, help, promise (sentences ............. and .............) 5 The negative is farmed by placing not befare the infinitive (sentence .............) The verb + -ing is used: 6 after prepositions (sentence .............) 7 as subjects or objects of a verb (sentence .............) 8 after these verbs (th.ere is a more complete list on page 166): admit, enjoy, finish, involve, mind, postpone, risk, suggest (sentence .............) 9 after these expressions: it's no good, it's not worth, it's no use, it's a waste of time, spend time, can't help (sentence .............) 10 The negative is farmed by placing not befare the verb + -ing (sentence .............) 2 Complete these sentences by writing the verb in brackets in the correct form in the gaps. 0 1 Carlos has suggested ........................................... (start) a five5 Candidates often make mistakes with the a-side faotball team. What do you think? infinitive and verb + -ing. Sorne of these sentences 2 1 don't think the weather is good enough ................................ are correct. Find and correct the mistakes . ............ (go) sailing this afternoon. 1 Students are not allowed running along school corridors. 3 We've decided ........................................... (ho/d) the race early 2 Few people choose spending their time taking in the morning befare it gets to� hot. exercise. 4 ........................................... (train) is essential if you want to 3 The Internet means that we spend more time sitting at perfarm well. home, but we cannot imagine to live without it. 5 l've joined a gym ........................................... (get) myself fitter. 4 Being fit and healthy does not mean to run 20 km a day. 6 lf you train too hard, you risk ........................................... (injure) 5 Many students would prefer to cycle to school than go yourself befare the race. by school bus. 7 lt's no good ........................................... (run) in a marathon if 6 Many people only think about take exercise when they you're not wearing the right shoes. are overweight. 8 She was disqualified from the race far ....................................... 7 Unless they try to compete as a team, they will not ............ (push) an opponent. succeed to win the competition. 8 Doing a sport is a good alternative if you are bored to 3 Circle the correct form in italics in each of these sit and read a book. questions. 9 lt may be good to use a bicycle instead of going by 1 What sport would you advise someone to do/ doing in public transport. arder to make friends? 10 There are several good reasons far ride a bike. 2 What sport would you choose to learn / learning if you had plenty of time and money? 3 lf someone needed to get fit, what sport would you suggest to do/ doing? 4 What sports do you avoid to take part in/ taking part in and why? lnfinitive and verb + -ing forms lnfinitive We use the infinitive: • to say why we do something: /'ve just gane running to get sorne exercise. He's taken up tennis to make friends. • to say why something exists: There's an example to help you. • after too and enough: lt's too cold to go swimming today. He isn't good enough to make the national team. • We use the infinitive in the following verb patterns: verb + to infinitive agree appear bother decide demand fail hope learn manage offer plan refuse seem be supposed threaten She agreed to meet him after work. verb + somebody/ something + to infinitive The money enabled him to go to university. forbid invite promise tell allow offer recommend threaten ask arder decide permit refuse encourage persuade remind warn 11) See also page 173: Reported speech • as subjects or objects of a sentence: Climbing is safer than it looks. He decided to take up running. We use a verb + -ing after these verbs: admit appreciate delay deny dislike keep risk avoid mind stop celebrate enjoy finish miss consider imagine postpone practise suggest I real/y enjoyed winning that match. She suggested playing a game of squash after school. We can use these verbs from the list above in reported speech: admit deny regret 1 1 suggest 11) See page 174: Reported speech - reporting verbs We use a verb + -ing after these expressions: • We use these verbs from the lists above to report speech: agree Note: We also use a verb + -ing after to when to is a preposition: l'm looking forward to going on holiday. She's used to studying everything in English. regret She expected to win the race. I expect you to play in the match. advise We use a verb + -ing: • after prepositions: He's made a /ot of friends by joining the tennis club. We watched a film about climbing in the mountains. involve verb + ask choose expect (somebody/ help intend promise something) want + to infinitive advise allow enable encourage forbid force invite arder permit persuade recommend remind teach tell warn Verb + -ing it's no good it's not worth it's a waste of time it's no use can't stand can't bear can't help lt's not worth joining that sports club. lt's a waste of time entering the competition unless you're real/y fit. I can't bear watching my team when they play badly. Verbs followed by either an infinitive or a verb + -ing with almost the same meaning: lave begin continue hate prefer like start -- / /ove playing tennis. / /ove to play tennis. lt continued raining al/ day. lt continued to rain al/ day. Note: When /ove, hate, prefer and like are used with wo they are always followed by the infinitive: I wouldn't like to do an adventure race. l'd prefer to watch it on television. -- - Verbs followed by either an infinitive or a verb + -ing with a difference in meaning 1 verb + infinitive remember Oid you remember to bring your running shoes? (an action you have to do) forget Don't forget to bring your tennis racket. (an action you have to do) regret try I regret to tell you the race has been cancelled. (regret + to say / to tell/ to inform means 'l'm sorry to give you this information'.) l'm running every day because l'm trying to get fit. (My objective is to get fit.) mean Mario means to win the championship. (This is his intention.) stop verb + -ing I remember feeling very tired at the end of the race. (a memory of something in the past) /'II never forget winning my first tennis championship. (a memory of something in the past) I regret not training harder befare the race. (l'm sorry I didn't do this.) lf you want to get fit, why don't you try swimming? (Swimming is a method to reach your objective.) I wanted to be a swimming champion, but it meant going to the pool every day at 5.30. (it involved) Halfway through the When he realised marathon, he stopped he couldn't win, he stopped running. to drink sorne water. (in order to drink sorne water) (He didn't continue.) Note: The form forget + verb + -ing is unusual. lt is more normal to use (not) remember: .' forget riding a bike the first time. / don't remember riding a bike the first time.
