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El resultado psicológico de la percepción, el aprendizaje y el razonamiento (wordnetweb.princeton.edu, 2009).
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gVYVeVgVaVgZVa^oVX^‹cYZZhiZZhijY^dedhZZWjZcdh
c^kZaZhYZgZegZhZciVX^‹c!YZhiVXVcYdaVhkVg^VWaZhYZ
XVgVXiZg^oVX^‹cZhXjZaV!hZmdnkjacZgVW^a^YVY#
Esta variable fue construida de acuerdo al nivel de prioridad establecido por el
Sistema Nacional de Asignación con Equidad para Becas-JUNAEB (SINAEJUNAEB) que considera vulnerables a los alumnos de 1°, 2° y 3° de prioridad.
Estos alumnos son los que reciben raciones alimentarias por parte de JUNAEB.
(Fuente: Cornejo et al, 2005)
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9ZhVggdaad=VW^a^YVYbjh^XVa
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7ZXVh$6njYVZcaVeVgiZVXVY‚b^XV$
9ZhVggdaad^ciZaZXijVa
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Dedgijc^YVYZh$EgdnZXX^‹cV[jijgd
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,!-
Valores estadísticamente significativos a valor p=<0,05
49
*#GZhjaiVYdhZhXVaVYZgZh^a^ZcX^V
:aXdcXZeidYZgZh^a^ZcX^VejZYZVedgiVg^bedg"
iVciZhVciZXZYZciZhfjZeZgb^iZcVXaVgVgXj{aZh
hdcaVhXVgVXiZg†hi^XVhngVh\dhb{hY^hi^ci^kdhYZ
Zhidhc^Šdh0nXj{aZhYZZhidhVheZXidh]Vch^Yd
\ZcZgVYdhYjgVciZhj]^hidg^VYZk^YV#6h^b^hbd!
eZgb^iZXdcdXZgXj{aZhYZZhiVhXVgVXiZg†hi^XVh
Zhi{cegZhZciZhZcaVVXijVa^YVY#
:hidhVheZXidhedYg†VciVbW^‚cYVgajXZhhdWgZ
X‹bdaVDgfjZhiVZhjcV^chiVcX^VfjZXdc\gZ\V
Vc^ŠdhfjZcdh‹adi^ZcZciVaZcidVgi†hi^Xd!h^cd
iVbW^‚c!jcVk^h^‹cdgZaVidXdchigj^YdeVgVhjeZgVg
aVh]VW^a^YVYZhhdX^VaZhn$dXdciZmidh[Vb^a^VgZh
ZheZX†ÒXdh#
:a^chigjbZcidfjZeZgb^iZZkVajVgaVgZh^a^ZcX^V
:hXVaVYZgZh^a^ZcX^VHK"G:H!YZhXg^WZ&'[VX"
idgZhfjZVcVa^oVcaVhY^hi^ciVhbdYVa^YVYZhYZ
^ciZgVXX^‹cYZahj_ZidZcigZh{bW^idhYZ^ciZg‚h/
Xdch^\db^hbd!XdcadhdigdhnXdchjhedh^W^a^YVYZh
HVVkZYgVK^aaVaiV!'%%-/e{\#(%#
:caViVWaVfjZXdci^ZcZÆ{bW^idhYZegd[jcY^YVYÇ
hZh^ciZi^oVcZhidh&'[VXidgZhnhZXgjoVcXdcYdh
Y^bZch^dcZhiZ‹g^XVhYZaVgZh^a^ZcX^V/]VWaVhYZa
hj_Zidn{bW^idhYZegd[jcY^YVY#
EdhiZg^dgbZciZhZegZhZciVjcVh†ciZh^hXdcaV
idiVa^YVYYZadhgZhjaiVYdhdWiZc^YdhZcigZadh
VajbcdhfjZeVgi^X^eVcnfjZcdeVgi^X^eVcZc
aVDgfjZhiV#8VWZgZXdgYVgfjZ!YZVXjZgYdVaVh
cdgbVhYZVea^XVX^‹cYZZhiZ^chigjbZcid!eVgV
VcVa^oVgZhiV^c[dgbVX^‹chZXdch^YZg‹hdadVadh
ZhijY^VciZhYZZchZŠVcoVbZY^V#
ÛbW^idhYZEgd[jcY^YVY
=VWaVh
YZahj_Zid
8dcY^X^dcZh
YZWVhZ
K^h^‹cYZh^b^hbd
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GZhejZhiVgZh^a^ZciZ
>YZci^YVY
6jidcdb†V
HVi^h[VXX^‹c
EgV\bVi^hbd
NdiZc\d
K†cXjadh
GZYZh
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6egZcY^oV_Z
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Ndhdn!ndZhidn
(Saavedra y Villalta, 2008)
H^
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KVadg"e
IdiVa
Cd
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Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05 (T-Test)
4:
AdhgZhjaiVYdhdWiZc^Ydh^cY^XVcfjZcd]VnY^[ZgZc"
X^VhZhiVY†hi^XVbZciZh^\c^ÒXVi^kVhZcadh[VXidgZhYZ
gZh^a^ZcX^VYZfj^ZcZheVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiVnYZ
fj^ZcZhcdad]VXZc#EZhZVZhid!ZcZaidiVanZcVa\jcdh
[VXidgZhZheZX†ÒXdhadhVajbcdhfjZeVgi^X^eVcZcaV
DgfjZhiVi^ZcYZcVbdhigVgbVndgZhejciV_Zh#IdYdh
adh[VXidgZhVcVa^oVYdhnZagZhjaiVYdidiVaYZaVZhXVaV
YZgZh^a^ZcX^VHK"G:H^cY^XVcfjZadhVajbcdhhZaZX"
X^dcVYdhdWijk^ZgdcgZhjaiVYdhYZcigdYZaegdbZY^d#
hjeZg^dgZcadhVajbcdhfjZeZgiZcZXZcVaVDgfjZhiV/
bdYZadh!bZiVhnVjidZÒXVX^V#
:cXjVcidVa[VXidgV[ZXi^k^YVY!adhZhXdaVgZhfjZ
eVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiVegZhZciVcjcegdbZY^dh^\"
c^ÒXVi^kVbZciZhjeZg^dgeZgXZci^a,%!'VaYZadhfjZ
cdeVgi^X^eVceZgXZci^a*%!+#
VakVadgXdciZmijVaYZbZiVhngZYZhhdX^VaZhedghdWgZ
aVh^ijVX^‹cegdWaZb{i^XV#EdgZ_Zbead!ÆNdiZc\db^h
dW_Zi^kdhXaVgdh0eZghdcVhXdcfj^ZcZc[gZciVgadh
egdWaZbVh0egdnZXidh[jijgdhÇHVVkZYgVnK^aaVaiV!
'%%-!e{\#((#
:hidh^\c^ÒXVfjZZcigZadhfjZeVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiV
]VnjcVbVndg^cXa^cVX^‹cVZb^i^g_j^X^dhedh^i^kdh
gZheZXidYZaVhedh^W^a^YVYZhhdWgZh†b^hbdhnhj
k†cXjadXdcZaZcidgcd#8dbdZ_ZbeadYZZhidYZhiVXVc
[gVhZhXdbd/ÆndejZYdiZcZgWjZc]jbdgÇ!ÆndejZYd
ZhiVWaZXZggZaVX^dcZheZghdcVaZhYZXdcÒVcoVÇ!Ænd
ejZYd]VWaVgYZb^hZbdX^dcZhÇHVVkZYgVnK^aaVaiV!
'%%-!e{\#()#
:aZhijY^deZgb^iZdWhZgkVg!VabZcdh!digdhigZh[VXidgZh
fjZ!VY^[ZgZcX^VYZagZhid!egZhZciVcjcViZcYZcX^V
™:a[VXidgbdYZadhhZgZÒZgZVaVXdck^XX^‹cYZaeVeZaYZ
aVhgZYZhhdX^VaZhedghdWgZaVh^ijVX^‹cegdWaZb{i^XV#
EdgZ_Zbead!ÆNdiZc\d/jcVVbW^ZciZYZigVWV_ddZhijY^d
ZhiVWaZ0eZghdcVhfjZbZedcZca†b^iZhgVodcVWaZh0
eZghdcVhfjZbZVnjYVcVZk^iVgeZa^\gdhdegdWaZbVhÇ
HVVkZYgVnK^aaVaiV!'%%-!e{\#((#
™:a[VXidgbZiVhhZgZaVX^dcVXdc_j^X^dhfjZgZÒZgZc
™:a[VXidgYZVjidZÒXVX^VhZgZÒZgZVaVhedh^W^a^YVYZh
YZ‚m^idfjZaVeZghdcVgZXdcdXZZch†b^hbd!VciZ
jcVh^ijVX^‹cegdWaZb{i^XV#EdgZ_Zbead!ÆNdejZYd/
gZhdakZgegdWaZbVhYZbVcZgVZ[ZXi^kV0Zfj^kdXVgbZ
najZ\dXdggZ\^gb^Zggdg0VednVgVdigdhfjZi^ZcZc
Y^ÒXjaiVYZhÇHVVkZYgVnK^aaVaiV!'%%-!e{\#()#
Egd[jcY^oVX^‹cZcadh[VXidgZhYZgZh^a^ZcX^V
:aZhijY^deZgb^iZVegZX^VgaVegZhZcX^VYZ[VXidgZh
fjZYZhiVXVcVabdbZcidYZVcVa^oVgnXdbeVgVgaV
^c[dgbVX^‹cZcigZVajbcdhfjZeVgi^X^eVcncdeVgi^X^eVc
ZcaVDgfjZhiV!YZVXjZgYdVaVhY^hi^ciVhkVg^VWaZhYZ
XVgVXiZg^oVX^‹c#:aVc{a^h^hYZadhY^hi^cidh[VXidgZhhZ
WVh‹ZcaVhh^\j^ZciZhegZ\jciVh/
™ ´Fj‚ kVg^VWaZh YZ XVgVXiZg^oVX^‹c hZ VhdX^Vc V
gZhjaiVYdhhjeZg^dgZhZcadh[VXidgZhYZgZh^a^ZcX^V
ZcigZadhZhXdaVgZhfjZeVgi^X^eVcnfjZcdeVgi^X^eVc
ZcaVDgfjZhiV4
™´8j{aZhhdcZhiVhkVg^VWaZh4
™´8j{aZhadh[VXidgZhYZgZh^a^ZcX^V4
JcVgZk^h^‹c\ZcZgVabjZhigVjcgZhjaiVYdh^hiZb{i^Xd
ngZ^iZgVi^kdVaXgjoVgaVhkVg^VWaZhYZXVgVXiZg^oVX^‹c
ÆCdiVhnkjacZgVW^a^YVYÇH>C6:"?JC6:7Xdcadh[VXidgZh
V[ZXi^k^YVY!bZiVh!bdYZadhn\ZcZgVi^k^YVY#
:h^bedgiVciZgZhVaiVgfjZZcadh[VXidgZhYZV[ZXi^k^YVY
nbZiVh!adhVajbcdhXdcbZcdgZhcdiVh*!%Ä+!'
fjZeVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiVdadhb{hkjacZgVWaZh!
egZhZciVcjcejciV_ZeZgXZci^afjZVaXVcoVgZhjaiVYdh
bjnhjeZg^dgZhVadhYZhjheVgZhfjZcdeVgi^X^eVcZc
ZaaV#H^W^ZcaVhY^[ZgZcX^Vhcdhdch^\c^ÒXVi^kVh!hjh
gZhjaiVYdhiVbW^‚chdchjeZg^dgZhVadhYZadhVajbcdh
YZaVDgfjZhiVXdcbZ_dgZhcdiVhdcdkjacZgVWaZh#
51
GBDUPS!BGFDUJWJEBE
6[ZXi^k^YVY
EVgi^X^eVDgfjZhiV
H^
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Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05 (T-Test)
6[ZXi^k^YVY
EVgi^X^eVDgfjZhiV
H^
KjacZgVW^a^YVY
H>C6:"?jcVZW
KVadg"e
Cd
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%!%'&
CdKjacZgVWaZ
&'
++!)
+
)%!(
%!%*%
KVadg"e
%!))-
%!'-(
Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05(T-Test)
GBDUPS!NFUBT
BZiVh
EVgi^X^eVDgfjZhiV
H^
CdiVh
H^hZVcVa^oVcadh[VXidgZhbdYZadhn\ZcZgVi^k^YVYhZ
dWhZgkVfjZegZhZciVcY^[ZgZcX^VhZhiVY†hi^XVbZciZ
h^\c^ÒXVi^kVhh‹adXdcgZheZXidVjcVYZaVhYdhkV"
g^VWaZh/digVbdYZcdiVhdkjacZgVW^a^YVY#
Cd
C
'-
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'-
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EVgVadh[VXidgZhYZV[ZXi^k^YVYnbZiVhhZdWhZgkV
fjZ!h^hiZb{i^XVbZciZ!aVhkVg^VWaZhYZadhigVbdh
YZcdiVhnYZkjacZgVW^a^YVY\Vi^aaVcY^[ZgZcX^Vhh^\"
c^ÒXVi^kVhZcigZfj^ZcZheZgiZcZXZcdcdeZgiZcZXZc
VaVDgfjZhiV#
KVadg"e
%!',*
%!(+&
Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05 (T-Test)
BZiVh
EVgi^X^eVDgfjZhiV
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H>C6:"?jcVZW
KVadg"e
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Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05(T-Test)
%!&),
%!.%&
52
Fo!bncpt!hsvqpt!tf!bqsfdjb!vo!tfoujnjfoup!qfstpobm!ef!
tbujtgbddj˜o!z!pshvmmp!qps!fm!ifdip!ef!rvf!fyjtub!mb!
Psrvftub-!ftqfdjbmnfouf-!fo!mpt!ftdpmbsft!rvf!
qfsufofdfo!b!fmmb/!Uboup!qbsb!mpt!bmvnopt!rvf!
qbsujdjqbo!dpnp!qbsb!mpt!rvf!op!qbsujdjqbo!fo!
mb!Psrvftub-!ftub!bhsvqbdj˜o!ft!wjtub!dpnp!vob!
fyqfsjfodjb!ef!eftbsspmmp!qfstpobm!rvf!gpnfoub!mbt!
ibcjmjebeft!nvtjdbmft!z!rvf!tjhojßdb!vob!bnqmjbdj˜o!
efm!nvoep!qbsb!mpt!rvf!qfsufofdfo!b!fmmb/!Qbsfdf!tfs!rvf!
mb!Psrvftub!jnqbdub!qptjujwbnfouf!b!upeb!mb!dpnvojebe/
;VXidgbdYZadhnigVbdYZcdiVh
:cZa[VXidgYZgZh^a^ZcX^VbdYZadh!hZegZhZciVjcV
YdWaZY^[ZgZcX^VZhiVY†hi^XVh^\c^ÒXVi^kVVaXgjoVgaVh
kVg^VWaZhcdiVh#:ceg^bZgaj\Vg!hZVegZX^VfjZfj^ZcZh
eZgiZcZXZcVaVDgfjZhiVnegZhZciVccdiVhbZcdgZh
ZcigZ*!%n+!'i^ZcZcgZhjaiVYdhZhiVY†hi^XVbZciZ
hjeZg^dgZhfjZfj^ZcZhcdeVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiV
nZhi{cZcZab^hbdigVbdYZcdiVh#
:chZ\jcYdaj\Vg!hZdWhZgkVjcVY^[ZgZcX^Vh^\c^Ò"
XVi^kVh^YZcigdYZa\gjedfjZeZgiZcZXZVaVDgfjZhiV
XdbeVgVbdhVadhfjZi^ZcZccdiVhZcigZ*!%n+!'Xdc
adhfjZegZhZciVcjcegdbZY^dYZcdiVhhjeZg^dgd
^\jVaV+!(#:cVbWdhXVhdh!adhgZhjaiVYdhYZfj^ZcZh
i^ZcZccdiVhZcigZ*!%n+!'neVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiV!
hdcZhiVY†hi^XVbZciZhjeZg^dgZh#
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Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05(T-Test)
BZiVh
EVgi^X^eVDgfjZhiV
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:cXjVcidVa[VXidg\ZcZgVi^k^YVY!VhdX^VYdVgZh^a^ZcX^V!
YZhiVXVfjZadhc^ŠdhfjZeZgiZcZXZcVaVDgfjZhiVn
hdckjacZgVWaZhi^ZcZcjcgZhjaiVYdZhiVY†hi^XVbZciZ
hjeZg^dgVaYZadhVajbcdhfjZcdeVgi^X^eVcZcZaaV
nhdckjacZgVWaZh#
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Diferencias estadísticamente significativas a valor p=<0,05(T-Test)
53
:ch†ciZh^h!YZhej‚hYZVcVa^oVgZhidh[VXidgZhhZejZYZ
hZŠVaVg!Zceg^bZgaj\Vg!fjZZm^hiZjc^ciZgZhVciZ
ediZcX^VaYZgZh^a^ZcX^VZcadhc^Šdhn_‹kZcZhfjZ
eVgi^X^eVcZcaVDgfjZhiVfjZedhZZccdiVhZcigZ*!%
n+!'nfjZhdckjacZgVWaZh#:hidhZVegZX^VYZbVcZgV
b{hZk^YZciZZcadh[VXidgZhV[ZXi^k^YVYnbZiVh#9Za
b^hbdbdYd!YZhiVXVcadh_j^X^dhedh^i^kdhVXZgXVYZ
aVhedh^W^a^YVYZhYZh†b^hbdhfjZbjZhigVZa[VXidg
V[ZXi^k^YVY!Vh†XdbdiVbW^‚c!ZagZVaXZYZaVhbZiVh
YZk^YVnYZaVhgZYZheVgVZc[gZciVgh^ijVX^dcZhegd"
WaZb{i^XVhfjZ]VXZcZhidhVajbcdh[VXidgbZiVh#
EdgdigVeVgiZ!XVWZYZhiVXVgadhVheZXidheh^XdhdX^VaZh
fjZegZhZciVZaiZhiYZgZh^a^ZcX^VHK"G:H!adhfjZhZ
edYg†VcVhdX^VgVZaZbZcidhVbea^VbZciZYdXjbZc"
iVYdhnZhijY^VYdhgZheZXidYZagdaYZaVbh^XVnZa
YZhVggdaadYZadhc^Šdhn_‹kZcZhE^gdnDgi^o!'%%.0
7Vhi^Vc!=Vch<#0&..-#H^W^ZcaVZk^YZcX^VcdeZgb^iZ
VY_jY^XVgaVhY^[ZgZcX^VhZhiVY†hi^XVbZciZh^\c^ÒXVi^kVh
Va]ZX]dYZeVgi^X^eVgdcdZcaVDgfjZhiV"ejZhcdhZ
Y^hedcZYZjcVVea^XVX^‹cYZZhiZiZhiegZk^VVa^c\gZhd
YZadhZhijY^VciZhVaVDgfjZhiVYZ8jgVc^aV]jZ"!h†
ZhjcVXaVkZ^ciZgZhVciZfjZYZkZaVZaedh^WaZVedgiZ
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