Boletín Virtual REDIPE Vol 3 No. 5 Abril-Mayo de 2014 - ISSN 2256-1536 [email protected] Julio César Arboleda Director Revista Redipe Miguel de Zubiría Samper, Director Fundación Intern. Alberto Merani Rodrigo Ruay Garcés Pedagogo Chileno José Manuel Touriñán, Pedagogo español, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Bruno D'Amore y Martha I. Fandiño Pinilla, Dipartimento di Matematica - Università di Bologna Dr. Prudencio Rodríguez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México Pedro Ortega Ruiz, Ph D, Universidad de Murcia, autor de la Pedagogía de la Alteridad. Aileen Dever, Quinnipiac University, Handem CT – AATSP Karina Rodríguez , Universidad La Salle de México Carlos Arboleda A , Southern Connecticut State University - coordinador del área de Lenguaje, literatura y cultura de Redipe Pedro Horruitiner Silva , Ministerio de Educación Superior de Cuba Sergio Tobón Tobón, Director Instituto Cife, perspectiva socioformativa Susana Gonçalves , Directora (CInEP) Ensino Superior Coimbra Portugal Mario Germán Gil, Líder Grupo Humanidades y Universidad, USC Giovanni M. Iafrancesco V., Director Coripet, Pedagogía Transformadora Mireya Cisneros, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira – Colombia Wilson Acosta Valdeleón, investigador del doctorado en Educación de la Universidad de La Salle. Germán Piloneta , Proyecto CISNE, Universidad Javeriana J. Simón Sánchez Hernández, pedagogo Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de México Andrés Hermann, Instituto Altos Estudios, Ecuador Alexander Ortiz Ocaña, Cuba- Umag; investigador doctorado Rude Colombia Ricardo Navas Ruiz, Universidad de Massachusetts Héctor Rizo Moreno, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente Julián De Zubiría Samper, Director Instituto Merani, Pedagogía Dialogante Nelson Largo, Diseño y diagramación - 0 : - * * ! ! 1 ! " " ! José Manuel Touriñán López, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España ! Julio César Arboleda. Director Redipe, Profesor USC ! $ " " # ! ! ' $ ! # % ( # ! & ! Irene Calzado Vargas, Universidad de Las Tunas, Cuba Ninoska E. Viloria Cedeño, Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, Venezuela. Luz Marilyn Ortiz, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas ! ) % Daimy Delgado Avila, Filial de Ciencias Médicas: Comandante Manuel Piti Fajardo, San Cristóbal, Artemisa, Cuba # ! ( ( # Yanelis Karina Ávila Pavón, Damary Galiano Castro y Graciela Feliciana Mayo Castro, Universidad de Las Tunas, Cuba * $ & Germán Pilonieta, Academia Colombiana de Pedagogía y Educación- Comité de calidad, RedipeAcercamiento al libro: + $ " , % " Laura Touriñán Morandeira, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela * - ! " . ) / " * 0 Maikel Ennis Quiala y Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo, Universidad “Vladimir Ilich Lenin” de Cuba * ! % 3 4 8 ' 5 A 7 - 9 & & * ! ! ( & 1 ! ! ' ! ( $ # 2 & ! & Juan Pablo Jiménez Caicedo, Columbia University, EE UU. Ana Rosa Aguilera Rodríguez, Universidad de Las Tunas. Cuba. : 0 0 8 ' 6 # : ; & < ; - $ & < * = 8 > ? / @ " # % % & & B & " & C Hamid Dabashi, Columbia University in New York. * * - D ! # $ / < 8 < ) 8 # A E ' Rubén Pelayo, Southern Connecticut State University : < ) 8 A ' Kenia María Velázquez, Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo e Irene Bárbara Calzado Vargas, Universidad de Las Tunas de Cuba. 0 D $ + * 8 # # # ) * * ; - # F + G Aldemar Alegría Oviedo, Universidad Santiago de Cali. Viviana. G.Gubinelli, General Roca- Rio Negro, Patagonia, Argentina. ! + * H 2 G < < ) 8 A ' Irene Bárbara Calzado Vargas, Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo y Kenia María Velázquez Avila, Cuba. ( , < I + 8 3 7 % # G ' # 0 Aquiles Trespalacio Navarro, Colombia - Carles Monereo Font, Editorial Redipe, mayo 2014. 3 ! L K J 8 E E # # S ! ) # ) M ! 1 / " 8 1 N D - # 0 T - U 1 - P Q R Pedro ortega Ruiz y otros José Manuel Touriñán L. Universidad Santiago de Compostella, España. Laura Teresa Tuta Ramírez - Akever Karina Santafé Rojas. Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. O Héctor Javier Tascón Hernández, Bellas Artes, Cali, Colombia, 2014. # E # # ) 1 ! 1 % N O P Q E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A · ABRIL - MAYO DE 2014 6 · EDITORIAL Revista Virtual Redipe: Año 3 Volumen 5 & # # $ ' ( ! " # * : ; < = : > ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁĞďƐƉĞƌƐŽĂŝƐ͘ƵƐĐ͘ĞƐͬƉĞƌƐŽĂŝƐͬũŽƐĞŵĂŶƵĞů͘ƚŽƵƌŝŶĂŶͬ 9 + # # , - # . $ / 0 ) 1 - 2 3 4 + 1 # 5 6 0 # / & 0 $ 7 ! 1 # , 8 3 - ! , H[WUHPR GH OD UHG HQ VLWXDFLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO JUDFLDV DO GHVDUUROORGHOPHGLRQRVFRQYLHUWHHQHVSHFWDGRUHVDFWLYRV 3RU SULQFLSLR GH VLJQL¿FDGR ORV YDORUHV GHULYDGRV GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ VH FRQVROLGDQ FRPR \HQHPLJUDQWHVYLUWXDOHVTXHH[SHULPHQWDQODFRQYLYHQFLD LQWHUSHUVRQDOFLXGDGDQDGHVGHHOPHGLR IXQGDPHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD GLYHUVLGDG OD LGHQWLGDG \ HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR 'HVGH HVD SHUVSHFWLYD GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ DO WHPD OD IRUPDFLyQ SDUD OD LGHQWLGDG \ OD GLYHUVLGDG HV HMHUFLFLR GH HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV IXQGDPHQWDGR HQ ORV YDORUHV GHULYDGRV GH ORV GHUHFKRV KXPDQRV GH OD SHUVRQD SHUR GH PDQHUD VLQJXODU HQ ORV GHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQTXHVHYLQFXODQDOGHVDUUROOR FXOWXUDOVRFLRLGHQWLWDULR\VHHMHUFHQHQXQORFXVWHUULWRULDO GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD (O VHQWLGR WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ QRV KD SHUPLWLGR VDOLU GH QXHVWUR PDUFR WHUULWRULDO FLXGDGDQR SRU PHGLR GH ODV UHGHVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\H[SHULPHQWDUXQFLHUWRPRGRGH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD PXQGLDOL]DGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQJOREDOORSRGHPRVYHUDOKDEODUGHOVHQWLGR LQWHUFXOWXUDOGHODHGXFDFLyQGHODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQD HQODVUHGHV\GHODLQÀXHQFLDGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ \ GH ODV DUWHV PXVLFDOHV \ GHO FLQH HQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD /D SRVLELOLGDG GH HVWDEOHFHU FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ WUDQVPLVLyQ GH YDORUHV FRQ OD IDPLOLD \ FRQ SHUVRQDV VLWXDGDV DO RWUR $KRUDELHQVLKD\HGXFDFLyQSDUDODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQD FX\R REMHWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR QR KD\ UD]yQ SDUD FRUWDU OD ÀXLGH] GH OD LGHD \ QR DVXPLU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH JHQHUDU DFWLWXG IDYRUDEOH DO FRPSURPLVR FRQ OD LGHD GH PDUFRWHUULWRULDOPiVDOOiGHPLSDtV\DIURQWDUGHVGHORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD FRQ VHQWLGR GH FRRSHUDFLyQ VROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO \ SRU WDQWR SODQHWDULD 6H WUDWD GH LU PiV DOOi GHO SRGHU GH UHODFLyQ LQWHUSHUVRQDO TXH SURSRUFLRQD HO PHGLR FXOWXUDO \ WHFQROyJLFR HQ FXDQWR PHGLR LQVWDODGR HQ ORV GHUHFKRV GHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQHVGHFLUFRPRPHGLRTXHLGHQWL¿FD \ GLYHUVL¿FD +D\ TXH LU DO XVR GH ORV PHGLRV \ GH ORV UHFXUVRVDVXPLHQGRHOKHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWURWHUULWRULR HVHOPXQGR\TXHQRHVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRVDOUHVWRGHO SODQHWDHQQXHVWUDFRPXQLGDGSDUWLFXODU 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 I S N N N 5 3 V O L % M a y o - V i r t u a l - A b r i l LA SOSTENIBILIDAD, EL CONSUMO Y EL EMPRENDIMIENTO B o l e t í n LA EDUCACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LOS PUEBLOS, UN ESCALÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA CONVIVENCIA CIUDADANA PLANETARIA: E D U C A C I Ó N @ A @ B C @ D E A @ F G G [ _ U C Q D H L O D P S G G E U G V G X G ] S Q U C T G R W D S X E S P G C V G @ S G E V T G G G U V Q R H R D C W E R D S D P U @ S T C T @ X U T V V G W @ U U B X A C T S A T S G D P [ Q G Z X E G A U F @ V G V D A G R S Y U X @ Y C X G [ S V E T U T V S S T Z @ &LYLFGHYHORSPHQWHGXFDWLRQIRUGHYHORSPHQWSODQHWDULDQ @ \ G V FLWL]HQVKLS FRH[LVWHQFH V VXVWDLQDELOLW\ FRQVXPSWLRQ HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS Q X V i r t u a l - A b r i l N B o l e t í n I · M 7 SDUWLFXODUFRPPXQLW\ ^ L P L A N E T A R I A LVRODWHGQHLWKHUH[WUDQHRXVWRWKHUHVWRIWKHSODQHWLQRXU HPSUHQGLPLHQWR K C I U D A D A N A IDFWWKDWRXUFRXQWU\LVWKHZKROHZRUOGDQGWKDWZHDUHQRW FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDFRQVXPRVRVWHQLELOLGDG J C O N V I V E N C I A XVHRIWKHPHDQVDQGRIWKHUHVRXUFHVDVVXPLQJWKHUHDO H 'HVDUUROOR FtYLFR HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR I L A · ? P A R A - H[HUFLVHRIHGXFDWLRQLQYDOXHVEDVHGRQWKHYDOXHVGHULYHG ORFXV RI WKH FLWL]HQ FRH[LVWHQFH 7KH WUDQVQDWLRQDO VHQVH RIWKHULJKWVRIWKLUGJHQHUDWLRQKDV DOORZHGXV JRRXWRI RXU FLWL]HQ WHUULWRULDO IUDPHZRUN WKURXJK FRPPXQLFDWLRQ QHWZRUNVDQGH[SHULHQFHDWUXHZD\RIZRUOGZLGHFLWL]HQ FRH[LVWHQFH LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH JOREDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZHFDQVHHZKHQVSHDNLQJRIWKHLQWHUFXOWXUDOVHQVHRIWKH HGXFDWLRQ RI WKH FLWL]HQ FRH[LVWHQFH LQ WKH QHWZRUNV DQG RIWKHLQÀ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À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k d o e f f k g n h j b h d d i e c o H o g e c j h c p l g b k h l j f b m k c n b i c e $FWXDOPHQWHODFXHVWLyQWUDGLFLRQDOGHODLQGLYLGXDOL]DFLyQ \ODVRFLDOL]DFLyQHQODHGXFDFLyQVHUHVXHOYHDWHQGLHQGR D ORV FRQFHSWRV GH LQWHUFXOWXUDOLGDG TXH LPSOLFD ORV SULQFLSLRV GH GLYHUVLGDG \ GLIHUHQFLD FRQYLYHQFLD TXH LPSOLFD HO SULQFLSLR GH LGHQWLGDG \ GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR TXH HV XQD FRQYLYHQFLD FXDOL¿FDGD \ HVSHFL¿FDGD HQ XQ PDUFR WHUULWRULDO TXH LPSOLFD FRQYHUJHQFLD GH LGHQWLGDG GLYHUVLGDG\ORFDOL]DFLyQ (OWUDVIRQGRFXOWXUDOGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHFRQYLYHQGHQWUR GHORVPDUFRVWHUULWRULDOHVOHJDOPHQWHHVWDEOHFLGRVVREUH OD EDVH GHO UHFRQRFLPLHQWR \ OD JDUDQWtD GH ORV GHUHFKRV \ODVOLEHUWDGHVHQODVVRFLHGDGHVGHPRFUiWLFDVFRPSOHMDV DELHUWDV\SOXUDOLVWDVVHKDPRGL¿FDGRGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYD GHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFR\GHOUHVSHWRDORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV /D VRFLHGDG FLYLO \ HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR WLHQHQ XQ OXJDU HVSHFLDO HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG GHVDUUROODGD /D VRFLHGDG FLYLO HV VLQ OXJDU D GXGDV DJHQWH PRUDO HQ HVWH SURFHVR \DGHPiVHQWDQWRTXHGHUHFKRGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQTXH DIHFWDDODLGHQWLGDG\DODGLYHUVLGDGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRVH JORFDOL]DHVORFDO\JOREDODOPLVPRWLHPSR7RXULxiQ'LU 7RXULxiQ D \ E %RUMD \ &DVWHOOV %HUJHU\+XQWLQJWRQ /DJOREDOL]DFLyQSXHGHVHULGHQWL¿FDGDFRPRXQSURFHVR GHFUHFLHQWHLQWHUFRPXQLFDFLyQGHODVFXOWXUDV LPSUHJQD WRGDVODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHODVRFLHGDGWDQWRHQVXGLQiPLFD LQWHUQD FRPR HQ VX SUR\HFFLyQ H[WHUQD D ODV UHODFLRQHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV 6H SXHGH VHU PiV R PHQRV FRQVFLHQWH GH TXHODJOREDOL]DFLyQHVHOIHQyPHQRTXHPHMRUFDUDFWHUL]D HOPXQGRDFWXDOVHSXHGHHVWDUUD]RQDEOHPHQWHRULHQWDGR R WRUSHPHQWH FRQIXQGLGR UHVSHFWR GH VX VHQWLGR SHUR HV LPSRVLEOHLJQRUDUHOQXHYRUXPERTXHPDUFDDOIXWXURGHO PXQGR$OWDUHMRV5RGUtJXH]\)RQWWURGRQD$WWLQj 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 LGHQWLWDU\FXOWXUDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGH[HUFLVHGLQDWHUULWRULDO f c I S N N IURPWKHKXPDQULJKWVRIWKHSHUVRQEXWLQDXQLTXHZD\RQ WKHULJKWVRIWKLUGJHQHUDWLRQWKDWDUHOLQNHGWRWKHVRFLDO b N 5 WKHVXEMHFWWKHWUDLQLQJIRUWKHLGHQWLW\DQGWKHGLYHUVLW\LV a 3 GHYHORSPHQW )URP WKLV SHUVSHFWLYH RI DSSUR[LPDWLRQ WR ` V O L HGXFDWLRQ IRU WKH GLYHUVLW\ WKH LGHQWLW\ DQG WKH FLYLF M a y o %\ SULQFLSOH RI PHDQLQJ WKH YDOXHV GHULYHG RI WKH WKLUG JHQHUDWLRQ ULJKWV FRQVROLGDWH DV IRXQGDWLRQV RI WKH E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A FROHFWLYDEDMRODJDUDQWtDGHUHVHUYDUVHHOGHUHFKRGHHQWUDU E9DULRV \VDOLUHQFDGDRSRUWXQLGDGFXOWXUDOTXHVLHPSUHUHSUHVHQWD (VWH DFRQWHFLPLHQWR VLQJXODU VH SUHVHQWD QR VyOR FRPR GHUHFKRV VLQR WDPELpQ FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ D[LROyJLFD \ GHFRPSURPLVRpWLFRUHODWLYRDORTXHHVWDPRVGLVSXHVWRV D DVXPLU HQ HO PDUFR GH FRQYLYHQFLD WHUULWRULDOL]DGR (O UHVXOWDGR HTXLOLEUDGR TXH D~Q QR HVWi FRQVHJXLGR QR VH ORJUD EXVFDQGR OD FRQIURQWDFLyQ VLQR EXVFDQGR VLQHUJLDV FDSD]GHHQWUDU\VDOLUGHODVGLYHUVDVFUHDFLRQHVFXOWXUDOHV VLQTXHHOORVXSRQJDXQDWHQWDGRDVXGLJQLGDG\DXWRQRPtD \ FRQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH UHDOL]DU ³GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV´ HQWUH HOODVSRUTXHVXIRUPDFLyQ\VX\RPXOWLIDFpWLFROHGRWDQ GHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDHOOR7RXULxiQD $KRUD ELHQ VL HVWR HV DVt ¢SRU TXp WHQJR TXH YHU HVD GHVGH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH LPSOLFDQ \D WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ JORFDOL]DFLyQ WHUULWRULDOL]DGD SDUD (Q HO PDUFR GH OD LGHQWLGDG \ OD GLYHUVLGDG ORV GHUHFKRV KDFHU FRQYHUJHU LGHQWLGDG \ GLYHUVLGDG HQ XQ WHUULWRULR FRPELQDQGR LQWHJUDFLyQ WHUULWRULDO GH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV H FRPRFRQGLFLRQHVLQKHUHQWHVTXHGDQVHQWLGRDODLQFOXVLyQ GHODFXOWXUDGHOLPLWDGDWHUULWRULDOPHQWHGDOXJDUDPRGHORV GHLQWHJUDFLyQWHUULWRULDOGHODGLIHUHQFLDV\DPRGHORVGH LQFOXVLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH OD GLYHUVLGDG (Q ORV GHUHFKRV FXOWXUDOHV VRFLRLGHQWLWDULRV HV SUHFLVR PDQWHQHU XQLGRV WHUULWRULDOLGDG WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ JORFDOL]DFLyQ SDUD QR SHUGHUHOVHQWLGRGHODLGHQWLGDG\ODGLYHUVLGDG(OGHVDUUROOR FtYLFR HV VX UHIHUHQWH PiV GHVWDFDGR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG HQ WDQWRTXHFRQYHUJHQFLDHQWUHLGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQXQ PDUFROHJDOWHUULWRULDOL]DGR(QSHUVSHFWLYDSHGDJyJLFDOD HGXFDFLyQSDUDODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDDSDUHFHDVtFRPR XQDIRUPDFLyQHVSHFL¿FDGDHVIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR FtYLFRTXHHVIRUPDFLyQYLQFXODGDDOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOD UHODFLyQHQWUHORVSULQFLSLRVGHOHJDOLGDG\OHJLWLPLGDGHQ FDGDSHUVRQDFRPRDJHQWHVGHFRQYLYHQFLDFRQVLJRPLVPR \ FRQ HO RWUR OR RWUR \ ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HQ XQ HVSDFLR FXDOL¿FDGR \ HVSHFL¿FDGR FRPR HVSDFLR FLXGDGDQR HO GH OD HGXFDFLyQ LQH[FXVDEOHPHQWH GHEH VHU UHIHULGR D XQ VHU VLWXDGR SHUR WDPELpQ D XQ VXMHWR FRQ FDSDFLGDG GH GLVWDQFLDPLHQWR GHVGH \ VREUH ORV FRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRV FXOWXUDOHV3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRHOGHVDItRGHOVLJOR;;,HV HOGHVDItRGHODPXQGLDOL]DFLyQXQD³WLHUUDSDWULD´GHWRGRV ORVKXPDQRVHQODTXHODVLQVWDQFLDVGHQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDO VHDQFDSDFHVGHOXFKDUFRQWUDORVPiVJUDYHVSHOLJURVVHDQ HVWRVSHOLJURVGHULYDGRVGHODJOREDOL]DFLyQRGHOH[DFHUEDGR VHQWLGRGHORFDOLGDG/DIRUPDFLyQHQGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQDSXQWDHQODGLUHFFLyQGHODOLEHUWDGSDUDWRGDV ODVFLYLOL]DFLRQHVSDUDTXHVHUHIRUPHQ\HYROXFLRQHQHQOD GLUHFFLyQ GH JDUDQWL]DU OD RSRUWXQLGDG GH VDOLU GHO SURSLR PDUFR HV GHFLU SURPRYHU XQ PDUFR RULHQWDGR D IDFLOLWDU ODFUHDFLyQGHXQPXQGRGHJHQWHVFDSDFHVGHUHVLVWLUODV IRUPDVGHVSyWLFDVGHODDXWRULGDGS~EOLFDGHVXSURSLRSDtV VHDQ HVWDV DXWRULGDGHV SROtWLFDV VRFLDOHV HFRQyPLFDV R FXOWXUDOHV%RUPDQ'DQ]LJ\*DUFtD3pUH]'tD] 'HKHVD&RUWLQD5RPD\%HFDUtD 9DOFiUFHO5RPD ODLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUHLGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQHOHQWRUQRGH GHUHFKRV\OLEHUWDGHVTXHHVHOPDUFROHJDOWHUULWRULDOL]DGR (VWRHVDVtSRUTXHODWHQVLyQHQWUHODGHIHQVDGHODSURSLD FRPXQLGDG\HOLPSHUDWLYRGHPXQGLDOL]DFLyQIXHU]DDORV GHODFRQYLYHQFLD7RXULxiQ'LU LQGLYLGXRVDHQIUHQWDUVHDODYH]FRQXQDDOWHULGDGUHGXFLGD \XQDDOWHULGDGTXHFUHFHH[SRQHQFLDOPHQWH\HVWRH[LJH q r s t u v w t s x v y z { | } v s v r u ~ r v s s t u u t y z y t ~ r ~ r u v UHSODQWHDUORVSUREOHPDVGHVGHXQDpWLFDHODERUDGDDSDUWLU } r s } r y z v ~ r u t ~ r s r y t ~ r r s y r s v r | r s v y z { | u u r v GH OD VLQJXODULGDG GH ODV VLWXDFLRQHV \ OD YLJHQFLD GH r s | r t w | t s } x u v z w t t s y x t v | z z t r r | r r } s r r | v y t x t s r t r u SHQVDU\FUHHUHQHOLQGLYLGXR FRPRVHUFDSD]GHFRPELQDUODFXOWXUDXQLYHUVDOL]DGD\OD FLUFXQGDQWHUHDOL]DQGR³GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV´GHXQDDRWUDVLQ SUREOHPDVSRUTXHVX\RPXOWLIDFpWLFRHVWiLQHYLWDEOHPHQWH DELHUWRDLQÀXHQFLDVSURFHGHQWHVGHIXHUDGHVXFRQWRUQR ORV YDORUHV IXQGDGD HQ VX FDUiFWHU UHODFLRQDO $EGDOODK 3UHWFHLOOH /HVVQRII .\POLFND \ 6WUDHKOH 6DXFD \ :HQFHV .XSHU ÈJXLOD \ 9DOOHVStQ2UWHJD 3HUR D PD\RU DEXQGDPLHQWR VL FRQWHPSODPRV HVWD 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 DODGLYHUVLGDG\DODLGHQWLGDGTXHVRQGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ /D DUWLFXODFLyQ GH HVRV GHUHFKRV HQ HO PDUFR LQFOXVLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH OD GLYHUVLGDG HO GHUHFKR D I S N N SRUTXH OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ DSDUHFHQ N 5 GHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQPDWL]DQHOVHQWLGRGHWHUULWRULDOLGDG 3 GHVDUUROOR LGHQWLGDG \ GLYHUVL¿FDFLyQ 7RXULxiQ D V O L PDUFROHJDOWHUULWRULDOL]DGR"6LFRQWHPSODPRVODFXHVWLyQ M a y o SRVLELOLGDG VyOR SDUD PL SXHEOR SDUD PL SDtV SDUD PL HGXFDWLYRV \ ODV FRPXQLGDGHV FRPR LQVWUXPHQWRV GH - \ OtQHDV GH FRQYHUJHQFLD TXH LGHQWL¿TXHQ ORV VLVWHPDV V i r t u a l - A b r i l XQD FXHVWLyQ GH KHFKR \ FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ OHJDO GH HORWUR\ORRWUR(OUHWRHVSHQVDUHQHOLQGLYLGXRFRPRVHU B o l e t í n HOGHUHFKRDFRPELQDUOLEUHPHQWHODH[SHULHQFLDSHUVRQDO\ 6WLJOLW] \ 7RXULxiQ D \ E \ · &DVWHOOV 2UWHJD \ 0tQJXH] 6,' 8 /DFXHVWLyQQRHVHOGHUHFKRDXQDFXOWXUDXQLYHUVDOVLQR · %HFN %HUJHU \ +XQWLQJWRQ %RUMD \ E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A FXHVWLyQ GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A · HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO 9 HOPDUFRGHOYROXQWDULDGR\VHFRQYLHUWHHQXQDRSFLyQ\ ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRV \ HO SURJUHVR PRUDO VH UHIXHU]D HO VHQWLGR GH VRFLHGDG FLYLOFRPR XQ DJHQWH PRUDO\HOGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFRPRREMHWLYRGHIRUPDFLyQ SULRULWDULR\GHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGFRPSDUWLGDHQODHGXFDFLyQ /DSURSXHVWDDIHFWDDFDGDLQGLYLGXR\ODGHFLVLyQGHOVXMHWR ~ r v s s t u u t y z y t v u z v | v ~ r y z z u z v y z { | 7RXUDLQH'HORUV GH ORV SXHEORV DO DPSDUR GH ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWt¿FR WHFQROyJLFRVDSOLFDGRVPHGLDQWHDFXHUGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV ELODWHUDOHVRPXOWLODWHUDOHVHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRDOFDQ]DXQD QXHYDGLPHQVLyQFRPRFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD 1XHVWUDSURSXHVWDHVTXHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGH ORVSXHEORVHVXQDSURSXHVWDYLQFXODGDDORVGHUHFKRVGH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH IRUWDOHFH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULDIRUPDQGRHQFDGDSXHEORGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGH GHVDUUROORLQQRYDFLyQFRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDG6HWUDWD GHDERUGDUXQDQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFX\D YLDELOLGDGQLHVWiDOPDUJHQGHODVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV QLDQXODODDFFLyQGHFRRSHUDFLyQEDMRODIRUPDGHD\XGD KXPDQLWDULDFHQWUDGDHQDVLVWHQFLD\FXLGDGRVGHSULPHURV DX[LOLRVSHURTXHVHFHQWUDHQODDFFLyQHGXFDGRUDGHOD FRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVEDMRIRUPDV GHFRQVWUXFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO\FRPRFRQYHUJHQFLDGH LGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQFDGDWHUULWRULR1XHVWURSRVWXODGR HVTXHHOGHVDUUROORVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ \ TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VH YLQFXOD D ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH H[LJHQ FRRSHUDFLyQ \ VROLGDULGDG\DORVSULQFLSLRVGHLQQRYDFLyQDFFHVLELOLGDG UHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDGGHXQPRGRWDOTXHODHGXFDFLyQ SDUDHOGHVDUUROORHVXQHVFDOyQQHFHVDULRHQODFRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD\UHFODPDIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPR UHVSRQVDEOH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR \ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HQ OD g f j O m j k Z h b d c e c e j h e b l n k h c l c k m e o j ? d b h d k n j O b h m e k O g k j f d n j f k h c e j c j < GHFLPRV FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD \ QR VROR FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD SRUTXH OD FRQYLYHQFLD GHQWUR GHO SODQHWD HV VLHPSUH GHVGH OD YLJHQFLD GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH UHFRQRFHQ OD FLXGDGDQtD HO GHVDUUROORFtYLFR\ODSHUWHQHQFLDDXQDFXOWXUD\FLYLOL]DFLyQ FRQFUHWDHQXQWHUULWRULRGHOLPLWDGROHJDOPHQWH /RV GHUHFKRV VRQ VXPDWLYRV QR UHVWDQ 'HIHQGHU XQ GHUHFKR GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR LPSOLFD DQXODU ORV GH WHUFHUDHVGHFLUQRVHMXVWL¿FDGHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQODD\XGDDRWURSDtVRFXOWXUDSDUDFRORQL]DUOR VLQRTXHUHFRQRFLHQGRFRPREDVHHOGHUHFKRDODGLYHUVLGDG \DODLGHQWLGDGGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQVHFRRSHUD DO GHVDUUROOR GHO RWUR SDtV SDUD DXPHQWDU VX FDSDFLGDG GH VREUHYLYLU \ DGDSWDUVH VLQ UHQXQFLDU D VX KLVWRULD \ FRQGLFLyQ FXOWXUDO 'H DTXt QR VH VLJXH WDPSRFR TXH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR H[LMD D\XGDU D SHUSHWXDU HQ XQ SDtVWUDGLFLRQHVTXHYDQHQFRQWUDGHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FR WHFQROyJLFR \ HO SURJUHVR PRUDO GH OD VRFLHGDG 6HUtD FRQWUDGLFWRULRHQORVWpUPLQRVFRRSHUDUDOGHVDUUROORFRQXQ SDtVSDUDSHUSHWXDUODDEODFLyQGHFOtWRULVRSDUDPDQWHQHUOD GHVLJXDOGDGGHGHUHFKRVSDUDODFRQGLFLyQIHPHQLQDRSDUD GHIHQGHU UHJtPHQHV WRWDOLWDULRV IXQGDPHQWDOLVWDV TXH GH XQPRGRXRWURVRMX]JDQODGLJQLGDGKXPDQDGHORVRWURV &XDOTXLHUGHUHFKRVXSRQHTXHVHUHVSHWDQORVGHODVRWUDV FDWHJRUtDV<DVtODVFRVDVORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ PDQWLHQHQHOFDUiFWHUVXPDWLYR\VHFRQVWUX\HQUHVSHWDQGR ORV GHPiV GHUHFKRV TXH VRQ DQWHULRUHV /D SURSXHVWD GH FRPSURPLVR FRQ ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR HV XQD SURSXHVWD HQ HO YDFtR VXSRQH XQ FRPSURPLVR PRUDO FRQODGLJQLGDGGHODVSHUVRQDVORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGH QLYHOHV SUHYLRV HO SODQHWD FRPR HQWRUQR JOREDO \ QLFKR HFROyJLFRHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFR\HOSURJUHVR PRUDOGHODVRFLHGDG 'HVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD OD UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR FRRSHUDFLyQ HV XQD FXHVWLyQ IXQGDPHQWDO GH HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FXDOL¿FDGD \ HVSHFL¿FDGD SRUTXH JHQHUD XQDV FRQGLFLRQHV VLQJXODUHV \ XQ HVSDFLR SURSLR TXH GHEH VHU FXLGDGR HGXFDWLYDPHQWH KDEODQGR GHQWUR GHO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR HVFDOyQ QHFHVDULR GHO HVSDFLR GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDSRUTXHQRHVSRVLEOHODFRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD VL QR KD\ GHVDUUROOR GH ORV SXHEORV VDOYR TXH KDJDPRV GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 (QHOPDUFRGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQTXHVRQ GHUHFKRV GH OD VROLGDULGDG OD FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GHVDUUROOR n d k I S N N 3UHWFHLOOH 7RXULxiQ \ D +XQWLQJWRQ j j o c N 5 \ DGDSWDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH FRPR FLXGDGDQR GHO PXQGR SHURORFDOL]DGR0HGLQD&RUWLQD$EGDOODK j 3 HVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ o j o V O L VDEHPRV DO SDUD FRQYLYLU HQ XQ PXQGR PHMRU HQ HO TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ ? M a y o YROXQWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVRULHQWDGRFRPR\D - DSDUHFH GH HVWH PRGR FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ GH GHUHFKRV \ FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ D[LROyJLFD \ GH FRPSURPLVR pWLFR GH a V i r t u a l - A b r i l GH ODV VRFLHGDGHV VH YLQFXOD SRU OD]RV GH VROLGDULGDG \ FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORV(QHVWHFRQWH[WR B o l e t í n RSRUWXQLGDGGHFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDHQODTXH · JHQHUDFLyQODSURSXHVWD\VXVROXFLyQIRUPDWLYDWUDVFLHQGH E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A LQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOLEHUWDGHVUHDOHV SDUDODHGXFDFLyQHQYDORUHV 1 0 FRQWUDGLFWRULRFRQORGHWHUPLQDGR · XQDSURSXHVWDHQHOYDFtR\QRXQFRPSURPLVRSHUVRQDOH · /R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ x SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD REMHWLYR GH IRUPDFLyQ SULRULWDULR \ GH UHVSRQVDELOLGDG FRPSDUWLGDHQODHGXFDFLyQ/DSURSXHVWDGHFRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULDGHEHVHUFRKHUHQWH\QR FRQWUDGLFWRULRFRQORGHWHUPLQDGR FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD DIHFWD D ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ D FDGD SDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQHGXFDWLYDGH LQGLYLGXR\ODGHFLVLyQGHOVXMHWRGHDVXPLUODRQRDSDUHFH ODFRQYLYHQFLD GHHVWHPRGRFRPRXQDFXHVWLyQGHGHUHFKRV\FRPRXQD /R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD x FXHVWLyQD[LROyJLFD\GHFRPSURPLVRpWLFRIXQGDGRHQORV YDORUHVGHODGLJQLGDGODOLEHUWDGODLJXDOGDGODGLYHUVLGDG \HOGHVDUUROOR\HQODVFXDOLGDGHVSURSLDVGHODDXWRQRPtD SODQHWDULD GHEH VHU FRKHUHQWH V i r t u a l - A b r i l FRPR XQ DJHQWH PRUDO \ HO GHO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR FRPR B o l e t í n (QHVWHFRQWH[WRVHUHIXHU]DHOVHQWLGRGHVRFLHGDGFLYLO \ QR FRQWUDGLFWRULR FRQ OR - 8Q FRPSURPLVR pWLFR GH YROXQWDGHV SHUVRQDOHV H GHWHUPLQDGR SDUD OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ LQVWLWXFLRQDOHV RULHQWDGR D OD GHVDUUROORFtYLFRSDUDFRQYLYLUHQXQPXQGRPHMRUHQHO M a y o WHUULWRULDOL]DGD ODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGODMXVWLFLDODLGHQWLGDG\ODFRRSHUDFLyQ v u z v | v ~ r y z z u z v y z { | GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD 3 a k f o e g FRPXQLGDGHV FRPR LQVWUXPHQWRV GH GHVDUUROOR LGHQWLGDG \ GLYHUVL¿FDFLyQ HQ HO PDUFR OHJDO WHUULWRULDOL]DGR HV GHFLU FRPR IRFRV GH GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR HQ HO PDUFR GH OD FRQYLYHQFLDPXQGLDO<HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHHOGHVDUUROOR GHODFRQYLYHQFLDFtYLFDSODQHWDULDHVXQDUHVSRQVDELOLGDG GHULYDGD\FRPSDUWLGDFRPRKHPRVYLVWRHQODHGXFDFLyQ SDUDHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRGHWDOPDQHUDTXH x SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD GHEH VHU FRKHUHQWH \ QR FRQWUDGLFWRULR FRQ OR TXH VH SRVWXOD SDUD OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ JHQHUDO TXH WLHQH FDUiFWHU D[LROyJLFR LQWHJUDO SHUVRQDO \ VHQWLGR SHUPDQHQWH JORFDO \ JHQHUDO SURIHVLRQDO R YRFDFLRQDO \ RULHQWDFLyQ IRUPDWLYD WHPSRUDO SDUD OD FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQD LQGLYLGXDO x k b g f j d m d j j c o b j i k c g ? o j k c k O j d j h n d f j h b d e h j o n k k k j d f d c g j ? o f c j j d H c i c j ? n e b h h f i k o e e o k i o h c c e b l k k d j O c k l f j g j o c h b j j &RPR \D VH KD GLFKR ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ DIHFWDQGHPDQHUDHVSHFLDODODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODLGHQWLGDG ODGLYHUVLGDG\ODWHUULWRULDOLGDG(QORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ VH GHVYDQHFH HO VHQWLGR GH VXEVLGLR GH ORV GHUHFKRVVRFLDOHV\VHPDWL]DHOVHQWLGRGHWHUULWRULDOLGDG SRUTXH OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ DSDUHFHQ FRPRFRQGLFLRQHVLQKHUHQWHV+DEODPRVHQORVGHUHFKRVGH WHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQGHLQWHJUDFLyQWHUULWRULDOGHGLIHUHQFLDV\ /R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ \ SDWULPRQLDO LQWHUFXOWXUDO h c k e b h g GHLQFOXVLyQWUDQVQDFLRQDOGHODGLYHUVLGDG(QORVGHUHFKRV FXOWXUDOHV VRFLRLGHQWLWDULRV HV SUHFLVR PDQWHQHU XQLGRV WHUULWRULDOLGDG WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ JORFDOL]DFLyQ SDUD QR SHUGHUHOVHQWLGRGHODLGHQWLGDG\ODGLYHUVLGDGHQHOPDUFR WHUULWRULDOGHFRQYLYHQFLD7RXULxiQD\D (QORV~OWLPRVDxRVVHKDFRPHQ]DGRDWRPDUFRQFLHQFLDGH ODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHWLHQHHQORVSDtVHVGHOWHUFHUPXQGRHO FRQFHSWRGHVXSHUYLYHQFLD\SDUWLFLSDFLyQHQORVEHQH¿FLRV GHOGHVDUUROOR(VWDFRQFLHQFLDKDJHQHUDGRHOFRQFHSWRGH GHUHFKRDOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRFRPRGHUHFKRDSDUWLFLSDU HQHVHSURFHVR\GHUHFKRDREWHQHUXQDSDUWHHTXLWDWLYDGH VXVEHQH¿FLRV7RXULxiQ VRFLDO KLVWyULFD \ GH HVSHFLH SODVPDGDHQODVPDWHULDVHVFRODUHV 'HVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD HV SRVLEOH UHIHULUVH KR\ HQ GtD D /R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ FRPR UHVSXHVWD DO QXHYR PDUFR FDUDFWHUL]DGR SRU ODV QXHYDV QHFHVLGDGHV \ YtQFXORV SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULDGHEHVHUFRKHUHQWH\QR XQDQXHYDJHQHUDFLyQGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVORVGHUHFKRV VRFLDOHVVXUJLGRVHQUHODFLyQFRQHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRODV 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 ODFRQIURQWDFLyQVLQRODVLQHUJLD\ODFRQYHUJHQFLDGHOtQHDV GH WUDEDMR TXH LGHQWL¿TXHQ ORV VLVWHPDV HGXFDWLYRV \ ODV ? I S N N /DSURSXHVWDGHFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDQREXVFD j h n N 5 GHOPXQGRSHURORFDOL]DGR V O L TXHODHGXFDFLyQHVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ \ DGDSWDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH FRPR FLXGDGDQR E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A FRPR FRQGLFLRQHV LQKHUHQWHV GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD MXQWR FRQ ORV GHUHFKRV GHULYDGRV GH ORV DYDQFHV GHO JHQHUDFLyQ \D QR KDEODPRV VLPSOHPHQWH GH GHUHFKRV GHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRHQHOiPELWRJHQpWLFR\HQ VRFLDOHVTXHUHTXLHUHQODVXEVLGLDFLyQGHO(VWDGRFRQXQRV HOHQWRUQRDPELHQWDOORVGHUHFKRVPiVVLJQL¿FDWLYRVHQHVH JUXSR PHGLRVTXHQRSHUWHQHFHQDQLQJ~QLQGLYLGXRHQSDUWLFXODU KDEODPRVGHGHUHFKRVTXHUHFODPDQODFRRSHUDFLyQSRVLWLYD WHUULWRULDOHV(VWRPRGL¿FDHOFDUiFWHUGHWHUULWRULDOLGDGGHO KDFLD OD GLYHUVLGDG FXOWXUDO \ VRFLRLGHQWLWDULD FRQVROLGD (VWDGR\HOVHQWLGRGHOFRPSURPLVRGHOD6RFLHGDGFLYLO ODWHVLVGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQVROLGDULDGHGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWD GHVDUUROOR \ HO (VWDGR QR HVWi SRU HQFLPD GH ODV UHJODV IRUPDGHDVLPLODFLyQ³H[WUDQMHUD´VLQREDMRODSRVLELOLGDG GH MXHJR 6RQ XQDV QXHYDV UHJODV GH MXHJR HQ ODV TXH GHODLQQRYDFLyQHQFDGDSXHEORPHUFHGDOFXOWLYRGHORV SULQFLSLRV GH DFFHVLELOLGDG ÀH[LELOLGDG \ UHFHSWLYLGDG (VWDGR 6RFLHGDG FLYLO \ HO 0HUFDGR VRQ FRUUHVSRQVDEOHV GHOGHVDUUROORPXQGLDOTXHSODQWHDSUREOHPDVHPHUJHQWHV SURSLRVGHODLQQRYDFLyQSDUDJHQHUDUHQFDGDSXHEORFRQ GHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVTXHUHTXLHUHQ YLVLyQGHHVFDODVRVWHQLEOHWHFQRORJtDDXWyFWRQD\DVLPLODU VROXFLRQHVDGHFXDGDVWDOFRPRVHUHVXPHHQHO&XDGUR ODTXH\DH[LVWHSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR\HOHPSUHQGLPLHQWR ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ · ­ ¸ ® ¹ ¯ º ® » ° ª ¦ ® ª ° ® ± ª ¡ ¢ ² £ § ³ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¼ ¿ ¸ À Á É Í »  Π»  à ¸ » Æ º ¹  » Ç É Æ ¸ ¾ É × ¼ ¾ ¿ À ½ Ð Â Ó º  ¿ ¼ à À ¼ » ¿ ¼ Ø Â Ò Á  »  à º Ï Ô ¼ ¿ ¸ À Ð ¾ ¾ ¸ Ç ¸ à  À Ç º ¼ Ú Ð ½ Æ ¸ ¿ º À Ï ¼ ¼ ¿ ¸ À É Þ á  » Ç ¼ Â Ã Æ ¼ × Û ¼ É Ø É Ã Ç ¼ Æ Â » Ç º ¾ ¿ ¾ ¼ Ø ß Â â ¿ » ß Ó Ê Ã ¼ º » À Ã Ü Ò Á  »  à º ¿ Â Û Æ Ï ¼ » Æ º Â Ô Â ¿ ¸ À Í » Ç Â Ã » º ¾ ä ¸ ´ § ³ ® « § « É Æ º Æ Ë ¸ Ç ¼ » ¼ ¹ Ì º Á  »  à º ¿ à º ¿ Ó Ï É Ô Ô Â Ã Ç º Æ Õ Â À Ö ¼ » À É ¾ É º Æ º Æ à Ò å Ò Ó Ê ¾ Í ¸ É º Æ º Æ Ý ¸ À Ç É ¿ º Ä ¾ ¿ ¼ Ð É º É ¼ Ê » » » É Ç ¼ » ã º à À ¾ Ç Â Ã É ¼ Æ Â » È Ç Æ º Æ É Î É Â Ã É À Æ º Æ Û á É Æ Â Ã Ä º à  à  À ¼ º ¾ ¾ º ¾ º É Í á ¼ ¾ ¿ Ó » É ½ ¶ Ê ¿ ¾ ¹ § ¼ É ¼ Ô Â £ Ä Ã É º ¾ ¿ º É Ç ¾ Ã É Ì Æ ß ¡ Ø É º É ¿ É ¼ É » É ½ Î Ç Î Ã É º µ ¥ Ã É ¿ ¾ Þ ´ Ä » É Ù È º ¿ É É Â ½ © ¤ Ä É ¹ Ô £ º É » ¦ º Ï ¸ ¤ ¾ Æ ¿ ª Ä É ¼ º Ñ ½ ¼ Å ½ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 º Ä Ç Â Ã º Ø Á  » Â Ó È » ¾  À º à à ¼ ¾ É ¼ I S N N GH OD DVXQFLyQ GH HVRV GHUHFKRV VH FDPELD HO PDUFR GH HVFyPRFUHFHUMXQWRVDFHSWDQGRODGLYHUVLGDG\QREDMROD N 5 ORJUDUODYRFDFLyQFRP~QGHVHUSHUVRQDV/DFXHVWLyQFODYH 3 (VWDGRVSDUDFRQMXJDUVREHUDQtD\VXEVLGLDULHGDG$SDUWLU V O L SHUVRQDO VLQR TXH HO RWUR HV DTXHO FRQ TXLHQ SRGUHPRV M a y o (QHOPDUFRGHORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQHOMXHJR GHO GHVDUUROOR QR HVWi HQ XQ HTXLOLEULR SDFWDGR HQWUH ORV - JHQHUDFLyQ SXHV HQ OD FRQVROLGDFLyQ GH OD GLYHUVLGDG QR HVHORWURTXLHQQRVLPSRQHORVOtPLWHVDQXHVWURGHVDUUROOR V i r t u a l - A b r i l GHORVHVWDGRV\GHODVRFLHGDGFLYLOPiVDOOiGHODVIURQWHUDV /DRULHQWDFLyQSURSLDGHORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQ B o l e t í n GH HQWHQGHU OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ VRVWHQLEOH HO FRQVXPR UD]RQDEOH \ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR · OD OLEHUWDG GH H[SUHVLyQ HQ HO FLEHUHVSDFLR HO GHVDUUROOR 1 1 (OKHFKRHVTXHXQDYH]TXHVHDVXPHQODVFRQVHFXHQFLDV · QXHYDVWHFQRORJtDV\ODVRFLHGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQVLHQGR Þ ¼ ¼ Ö Â Ã º ¿ Ó »  » ¿ º E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A · æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ë ì ë ç ï ë ð ñ ë î ÿ õ ø ò û ù ò ò õ ü ò ó ú ò ù 1 2 ò ó ô ò õ ò ö ÷ ø ù ô ò ú ò õ ö ò õ û ü ò ó ò õ û ö ý þ ó ò ó ô ò õ ò ö ÷ ø ù ô ò ö û õ ú û ü ò ó ò õ û ö ý þ ó · ^ŽƐƚĞŶŝďŝůŝĚĂĚ ŽŶǀŝǀĞŶĐŝĂ DƵŶĚŽǀŝƌƚƵĂů /ŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝĚĂĚ ^ĞŶƟĚŽďŝŽĠƟĐŽ EĂĐŝŽŶĂůŝĚĂĚ ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚĚĞůĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽ ZĞůŝŐŝŽƐŝĚĂĚ ĐŽůŽŐŝƐŵŽ B o l e t í n ŝǀŝůŝĚĂĚ V i r t u a l - A b r i l - M a y o HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR 7DPELpQ HV YHUGDG TXH ORV WHPDV WUDQVYHUVDOHV VRQ XQ GHQRPLQDGRU FRP~Q GH ORV VLVWHPDV QXHYRVUDVJRVTXHFRQ¿JXUDQHOPXQGRGHOQXHYRPLOHQLR FRKHUHQFLDIDYRUHFHUHQHOiPELWRGHODVDFWLWXGHVKXPDQDV VRQ WDQ SHFXOLDUHV HQ FXDQWR DO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH \ OD FUHDFLyQ R DJUXSDFLyQ GH HVWUDWHJLDV LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHV UD]RQDEOHTXHMXVWL¿FDODSUHVHQFLDIRUPDOGHXQDGLVFLSOLQD VREUHHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORHQODVHVFXHODVVRSHQD TXHSHUPLWDQIRPHQWDUXQDDFWLWXGSRVLWLYD\FRPSURPHWLGD KDFLDWRGRDTXHOORTXHJHQpULFDPHQWHVHLGHQWL¿FDFRQHO OHPDGH ! " # 6HJ~Q FRQVWD HQ HO $ % & $ $ ' % % ' % ' & # ( % ' & ) H[LJHQ FRORFDU OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ + ' " $ ' ! " , - " . $ / KWWSZZZGLFFKHJRDHKX HVOLVWDUPRVWUDU FRQVXOWD GH GH DEULO GH IXH ' ' # $ ! " % GH QR DWHQGHU GHELGDPHQWH DO FRPSURPLVR TXH H[LJHQ HVWRV QXHYRV GHUHFKRV TXH WLHQHQ VX OXJDU SURSLR \ QRV * & $ $ ' % % ' OD &RPLVLyQ GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV GH OD 218 TXLHQ UHFRQRFLy SRU SULPHUD YH] GH IRUPD R¿FLDO OD H[LVWHQFLD GHO GHVDUUROOR FRPR GHUHFKR PHGLDQWH OD UHVROXFLyQ ;;;,,, GH GH IHEUHUR GH HQ OD TXH VH SLGH DO 6HFUHWDULR*HQHUDOGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVTXHHIHFW~HXQ HVWXGLRVREUH³ODVGLPHQVLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHOGHUHFKR TXHVRQFRQGLFLRQHVLQKHUHQWHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQHQODSHUVSHFWLYDGHOGHVDUUROORVROLGDULR\GH ODFRRSHUDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOSXHVGHORTXHVHKDEODHQORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR HV GH OD LGHQWLGDG \ OD GLYHUVLGDGHQPLPDUFRWHUULWRULDOVLQRGHFRRSHUDFLyQDO GHVDUUROOR SRUTXH VRPRV FLXGDGDQRV GHO PXQGR \ OR TXH RFXUUHHQRWUDVSDUWHVQRVDIHFWD 1R FUHR TXH VHD HVWH HO OXJDU DGHFXDGR SDUD GHVDUUROODU DOGHVDUUROORFRPRGHUHFKRKXPDQR´(QOD&RPLVLyQ XQ SURJUDPD GH HVH WLSR SHUR UHVXOWD REYLR TXH HV GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV HQ VX UHVROXFLyQ ;;;9 GH SRVLEOH GH¿QLU FRQ FRKHUHQFLD \ GH PDQHUD LQWHJUDGD GH PDU]R ³UHLWHUD TXH HO GHUHFKR DO GHVDUUROOR HV XQ XQDVFRPSHWHQFLDVVXVFHSWLEOHVGHVHUDJOXWLQDGDVEDMROD GHUHFKRKXPDQR\TXHODLJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHVXQD GHQRPLQDFLyQJHQpULFDGH(GXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR SUHUURJDWLYDWDQWRGHODVQDFLRQHVFRPRGHORVLQGLYLGXRV TXH IRUPDQ ODV QDFLRQHV´ 7DPELpQ OD$VDPEOHD *HQHUDO x SHUPLWLU GHUHFKRDOGHVDUUROORHVXQGHUHFKRKXPDQR´FRPRD¿UPD 5RGUtJXH] %HUQDO \ 8USt SS 815,6' XQDPDQHUDUD]RQDGDHQHOiPELWRGHODUHODFLyQYDORUHV GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GHO PXQGR DFWXDO HQ VXV PHFDQLVPRV\HQJUDQDMHV ODSULPHUDGHHOODVODGHGHQRYLHPEUHGH 0H FRQVWD TXH OD OLWHUDWXUD SHGDJyJLFD KD DYDQ]DGR GH FRQMXQWR FRQRFLPLHQWRV FDSDFHV GH GHOD218KDUHFRQRFLGRHQGLYHUVDVUHVROXFLRQHVTXH³HO 81(6&2 8Q x 8Q JUXSR RULHQWDGRV GH YDORUHV KDFLD OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ FRQVFLHQWH HQ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 ORVGHUHFKRVGHODFRRSHUDFLyQ\ODVROLGDULGDGH[LJHSRU I S N N DOOiGHORVWHPDVWUDQVYHUVDOHV6HWUDWDGHUHFRQRFHUTXHORV N 5 HGXFDWLYRVPRGHUQRV3HURHQHVWHFDVRVHWUDWDGHLUPiV HQ HO PDUFR GH UHODFLRQHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV /D GHIHQVD GH 3 GHUHFKRVGHODVROLGDULGDGODFRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORGH ORVSXHEORVDODPSDURGHORVDYDQFHVFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRV V O L /RV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ DSDUHFHQ DVt FRPR E D U C A C I Ó N ' - # $ ' - & ' # 4 ( % ' $ ' ( % - ' $ " - ' $ % / GHODLQVWLWXFLyQFRQODFXOWXUD\FRQHO 9DOFiUFHO (VWR PRGL¿FD HO FDUiFWHU GH 8Q FRQMXQWR GH SURFHGLPLHQWRV FDSDFHV GH WHUULWRULDOLGDGGHO(VWDGR\HOVHQWLGRGHOFRPSURPLVRGHOD 6RFLHGDGFLYLOFRPRSURSXHVWDGHFRUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGDQWH XQDQXHYDPHQWDOLGDG (VWDPRVFRQYHQFLGRVGHTXHHVXQUHWRLQHOXGLEOHDIURQWDU \DFWXDUJOREDO\ORFDOPHQWH HVWUDWHJLDVGHHQFXHQWURDWUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSRUTXHOD HQFDGDDFFLyQ EUHFKDUDGLFDOHVWULEDHQTXHQRVHDVXPHHQVXVHQWLGRSOHQR HOQXHYRSDSHOGHOD6RFLHGDGFLYLOTXHHQVXPD\RUtDGHHGDG 8QFRQMXQWRGHRULHQWDFLRQHV KDFHQ /DV VRFLHGDGHV GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR HVWiQ REOLJDGDV D PRGL¿FDFLRQHV JOREDOHV HQ VXV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV $WWLQi (VWDPRVREOLJDGRVDSODQWHDUODVYLHMDVGL¿FXOWDGHV FRPR QXHYRV UHWRV FRQ OD ¿UPH FRQYLFFLyQ GH TXH OD FXHVWLyQ QR HV XQ SUREOHPD GH QXHYRV PHGLRV \ PiV PHGLRV VLQR PiV DFHUWDGDPHQWH XQ SUREOHPD GH QXHYD RUJDQL]DFLyQ SRUTXH WDPELpQ ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV WLHQHQ TXHHVWDUDODDOWXUDGHORVWLHPSRV/DWUDQVSDUHQFLDHVHO UHIHUHQWH VHPiQWLFR GH OD FRKHUHQFLD FRPR FRPSURPLVR PRUDOLQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOiPELWRGHODFXOWXUD6HGLFHGHGRV FRVDVTXHVRQFRKHUHQWHVFXDQGRHVWiQUHODFLRQDGDVHQWUH Vt \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH FXDQGR HVWiQ UHODFLRQDGDV HQWUH Vt GH HVSDFLR GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD DPSDUDGR SRUORVGHUHFKRV\OLEHUWDGHVGHFDGDSXHEOR\IDYRUHFLGR SRU ORV FRQYHQLRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV GH FDUiFWHU ELODWHUDO \ PXOWLODWHUDO &RPR KHPRV YLVWR \D HO VHQWLGR WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ QRV KD SHUPLWLGR VDOLU GH QXHVWUR PDUFR WHUULWRULDO FLXGDGDQR SRU PHGLR GH ODV UHGHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ H[SHULPHQWDU XQ FLHUWR PRGR GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD PXQGLDOL]DGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ JOREDO /D SRVLELOLGDG GH HVWDEOHFHU FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ WUDQVPLVLyQ GH YDORUHV HQ VLWXDFLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDOJUDFLDVDOGHVDUUROORGHORVQXHYRVPHGLRV QRV FRQYLHUWH HQ HVSHFWDGRUHV DFWLYRV \ HQ HPLJUDQWHV YLUWXDOHV TXH H[SHULPHQWDQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD LQWHUSHUVRQDO FLXGDGDQD GHVGH HO PHGLR VLQ VDOLU GH QXHVWUD FRPXQLGDG SDUWLFXODU DFXHUGRFRQDOJ~QSDWUyQRPRGHOR'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWD HQWUH GH OD OyJLFD OD FRKHUHQFLD LPSOLFD RIHUWD FXOWXUDO HODERUDGD H LGHRORJtD GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ (Q ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ HQ $ VX YH] OD FRPSDWLELOLGDG H[SUHVD OD FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD EDMR OD LGHD GH TXH HV SRVLEOH ' - # ' " 0 . ' ( $ - % GH XQD SURSXHVWDDXQDUHJODRFULWHULR 5HVXOWDREYLRD¿UPDUODFRKHUHQFLDLGHROyJLFDLQVWLWXFLRQDO UHVSHFWR GH OD RIHUWD SHUR QR UHVXOWD WDQ REYLR D¿UPDU TXH OD FRKHUHQFLD VH HVWi YLQFXODQGR FDGD YH] PiV DO FXPSOLPLHQWR \ GHFODUDFLyQ S~EOLFD GH FRPSURPLVR FRQ 2 ! 3 ' ' " . ' % ! 3 ' GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ UHVSHFWR GH OD SURPRFLyQ JHVWLyQ \ FUHDFLyQ FXOWXUDO (Q HVWH VHQWLGR OD FRKHUHQFLD QR HV WDQWR XQ SUREOHPD GH LGRQHLGDG VRFLRFXOWXUDORGHRUJDQL]DFLyQUDFLRQDOL]DGDTXHWDPELpQ YDORUHV LGHQWLGDG GLYHUVLGDG \ WHUULWRULR VH XQHQ HQ OD FLXGDGDQtD PXQGLDO FRPR SUREOHPD GH IRUPDFLyQ SDUD FRQWHPSODUHOVHQWLGRORFDO\JOREDOHOVHQWLGRUHJLRQDOLVWD QDFLRQDOLVWD HXURSHtVWD \ PXQGLDOLVWDFRVPRSROLWLVWD D WUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtDHQWHQGLGDFRPR XQFRPSURPLVRGHYROXQWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV RULHQWDGR DO GHVDUUROOR GH FLYLOL]DFLyQ GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR SDUD FRQYLYLU HQ XQ PXQGR PHMRU HQ HO TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ HVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ \DGDSWDFLyQGHOKRPEUHFRPRFLXGDGDQRGHOPXQGRSHUR ORFDOL]DGRTXHHVFDSD]GHVROXFLRQDUFRQÀLFWRVUHDOHVGH 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 HPSUHQGLPLHQWR GHFRQYHUJHQFLDGHLGHQWLGDGGLYHUVLGDG\JORFDOLGDGXQ I S N N GHVDUUROOR OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HOFRQVXPRUHVSRQVDEOH\HO ODMXVWLFLDODDFHSWDFLyQHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR\ODLQWHUDFFLyQ FRQHORWUR\ORRWURHQXQHQWRUQRVRFLRSROtWLFRFXOWXUDO N 5 IRUPDWLYDVTXHLQWHJUDQHQHO FRRSHUDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVDIDYRUGH 3 8Q FRQMXQWR GH SURSXHVWDV IDYRUHFHVLVHSURSLFLDQGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQSULQFLSLRVGH V O L GHDFFHVLELOLGDGUHFHSWLYLGDG \ÀH[LELOLGDG FRQ HO DSR\R GH ODV UHGHV GLJLWDOL]DGDV (O HQFXHQWUR VH M a y o WHUULWRULRGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRV KDFHYDOHUVXIXHU]DWUDQVQDFLRQDOHQORVIRURVPXQGLDOHV - TXH V i r t u a l - A b r i l GHDFFLyQTXHH[LJHQSHQVDU B o l e t í n \ODMXVWLFLD YLDEOHODLQQRYDFLyQHQFDGD 1 # VHUYLFLRDOLQWHUpVJHQHUDOVRFLDOGHOGHVDUUROOR7RXULxiQ HVWUDWpJLFDV x H[LJHFRKHUHQFLDFRPRXQ P L A N E T A R I A ODFRRSHUDFLyQODVROLGDULGDG RSHUDWLYL]DU ODV HVWUDWHJLDV x C I U D A D A N A · x C O N V I V E N C I A 1 3 GHVDUUROORGHVGHODySWLFDGH L A · HVH WLSR GH SUREOHPDV GHO P A R A E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A RHQJXHUUDVGHUHOLJLyQ\RLGHQWLWDULDV SDUDHOGHVDUUROORHVXQHVFDOyQQHFHVDULRHQODFRQYLYHQFLD HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO PDUFRWHUULWRULDOQRKD\UD]yQSDUDFRUWDUODÀXLGH]GHOD LGHD\QRDVXPLUODSRVLELOLGDGGHJHQHUDUDFWLWXGIDYRUDEOH 5 6 PLSDtV\DIURQWDUGHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD FRQ VHQWLGR GH FRRSHUDFLyQ VROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO \ SRU WDQWR SODQHWDULD 6H WUDWD GH LU PiV DOOi GHO SRGHU GH UHODFLyQ LQWHUSHUVRQDO TXH SURSRUFLRQD HO PHGLR FXOWXUDO \ WHFQROyJLFR HQ FXDQWR 7 9 8 ; 7 ? 9 C 7 D ; : ; D = H : : < 7 < A B E < F 7 9 A A 8 G F F = @ C A ? A 8 = 7 7 8 A 7 A 9 F ? H ; B 9 : 8 I > A 7 D 8 ; D ? 7 = @ 9 F A C : B D C = 9 ; ? < = D J 7 = F 7 8 = (VSUHFLVRHVWXGLDUODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHVGHOD SHUVSHFWLYDGHODHGXFDFLyQVLQDQXODUODSHUVSHFWLYDSURSLD GH ORV SURGXFWRV FXOWXUDOHV GHO GHVDUUROOR 3DUD QRVRWURV HQ OD ³ $ % ! " & $ $ ' % % ' K ! " ´ KD\ XQ SUREOHPD VROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH ORV SXHEORV HVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRVDOUHVWRGHOSODQHWDHQQXHVWUD FRPXQLGDG SDUWLFXODU 6RPRV FRUUHVSRQVDEOHV GHO SODQHWD \HMHUFHPRVFRPSURPLVRGHFRQYLYHQFLDGHUHODFLyQHQWUH HO\RHORWUR\HORWURHQHOHQWRUQRSODQHWDULR\HVRH[LJH PRUDOPHQWHHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRH[SOtFLWRGHORWURSRUTXHOD UHVSRQVDELOLGDG FRQVLJR PLVPR HV UHVSRQVDELOLGDG ³SDUD FRQ HO RWUR´ HQ HO VHQWLGR OpYLQDVLDQR GH UHVSRQGHU D OD GHPDQGDGHORWURTXHHVWiVLWXDGRELHQRPDOSHURVLWXDGR ' - ' ' ( L . ' / ' - ' - . QRHVEDODGtLPSOLFDDWHQGHUDODVWUHVDFHSFLRQHVTXHFDGD iUHDFXOWXUDOPDQWLHQHFRQHGXFDFLyQFXDQGRVHFRQVWUX\H HOiUHDFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ³FRQ´³SRU´ \³SDUD´TXHVHFRUUHVSRQGHQHQHVWHFDVRFRQHOGHVDUUROOR FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO \ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO 7RXULxiQE (OFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQMXHJDXQSDSHOHVSHFt¿FR HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ ³FRQ´ HO GHVDUUROOR (V XQ FRQRFLPLHQWR HVSHFLDOL]DGRTXHPDQWLHQHFRQGLFLRQHVSURSLDVFRPRiUHD /pYLQDVSS0tQJXH]$UEROHGD FXOWXUDO\iPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ 1XHVWUDSURSXHVWDHVTXHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGH /DHGXFDFLyQFRQHOiUHDGHH[SHULHQFLDFXOWXUDO³GHVDUUROOR´ ORVSXHEORVHVXQDSURSXHVWDYLQFXODGDDORVGHUHFKRVGH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH IRUWDOHFH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD HQ WDQWR TXH SDUFHOD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ R HGXFDFLyQ GH XQ GHWHUPLQDGR iPELWR GH H[SHULHQFLD VH HQIUHQWD D ORV GHVDUUROORLQQRYDFLyQFRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDG6HWUDWD SUREOHPDVTXHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQWLHQHTXH UHVROYHU HQ FDGD FDVR GH LQWHUYHQFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD FRPR GHDERUGDUXQDQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFX\D YLDELOLGDGQLHVWiDOPDUJHQGHODVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV KD\ TXH GRPLQDU FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ < HQ HO SODQHWDULDIRUPDQGRHQFDGDSXHEORGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGH QLDQXODODDFFLyQGHFRRSHUDFLyQEDMRODIRUPDGHD\XGD KXPDQLWDULDFHQWUDGDHQDVLVWHQFLD\FXLGDGRVGHSULPHURV DX[LOLRVSHURTXHVHFHQWUDHQODDFFLyQHGXFDGRUDGHOD FRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVEDMRIRUPDV GHFRQVWUXFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO\FRPRFRQYHUJHQFLDGH LGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQFDGDWHUULWRULR1XHVWURSRVWXODGR HVTXHHOGHVDUUROORVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ \ TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VH YLQFXOD D ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH H[LJHQ FRRSHUDFLyQ \ VROLGDULGDG\DORVSULQFLSLRVGHLQQRYDFLyQDFFHVLELOLGDG UHWRV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ (Q OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR iPELWR GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HGXFDWLYD \ HQ OD UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR FDGD YH] KD\ PiV FRQVHQVR DFHUFD GH OD SHUWLQHQFLD \ UHOHYDQFLD GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQSRUTXH /D FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GHVDUUROOR HVWDEOHFHQXQDFRQH[LyQFRQODUHDOLGDG GHDOJ~QPRGR~QLFD\VLQJXODUVHJ~Q HO WLSR GH WDUHD \ UHVXOWDGR TXH VH SURSLFLH GHVGH XQD LQWHQFLRQDOLGDG 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 H[LJHHOXVRGHORVPHGLRV\GHORVUHFXUVRVDVXPLHQGRHO KHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWURWHUULWRULRHVHOPXQGR\TXHQR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ TXH KDFH SRVLEOH HO HVWXGLR GHO iPELWR GHHGXFDFLyQ<HVWR ³GHVDUUROOR´ I S N N (Q ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ N 5 GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR \ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR GXGDVKD\XQSUREOHPDSHGDJyJLFRTXHQDFHGHODSUiFWLFD 3 HVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRVDOUHVWRGHOSODQHWDHQQXHVWUD FRPXQLGDGSDUWLFXODU V O L KHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWURWHUULWRULRHVHOPXQGR\TXHQR LQWHOHFWXDOTXHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQHOFRQWHQLGRHVSHFt¿FRGH ODVWDUHDV\UHVXOWDGRVSURSLRVGHOGHVDUUROOR\VLQOXJDUD LU DO XVR GH ORV PHGLRV \ GH ORV UHFXUVRV DVXPLHQGR HO M a y o HVGHFLUFRPRPHGLRTXHLGHQWL¿FD\GLYHUVL¿FD+D\TXH 8 - ³PHGLRLQVWDODGRHQORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQ´ 7 V i r t u a l - A b r i l DOFRPSURPLVRFRQODLGHDGHPDUFRWHUULWRULDOPiVDOOiGH B o l e t í n UHVSRQVDEOH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR \ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HQ OD FLXGDGDQD FX\R REMHWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR HQ XQ · FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD\UHFODPDIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPR 6L HVWR HV DVt \ KD\ HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD 1 4 UHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDGGHXQPRGRWDOTXHODHGXFDFLyQ · FRQYLYHQFLDVLQFRQYHUWLUORVHQH[FXVDVSDUDODH[SORWDFLyQ E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A GH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR TXH SHUPLWH FRPSUHQGHUOR FRPR XQD SXHGHQ VHU FDWDORJDGRV FRQ FULWHULR SHGDJyJLFR \ SURSRUFLRQDQ XQ WLSR FRPR GH H[SHULHQFLD \ H[SUHVLyQ TXH QR VH FRQVLJXHVLQODHGXFDFLyQ SRUFHQWDMHV GH WLHPSR VHPDQDO \ (GXFDU ³FRQ´ HO GHVDUUROOR HV XQD IRUPD GH HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV TXH x HVWi LPSOLFDGD SHGDJyJLFDPHQWH HQ PXOWLFXOWXUDO PXOWLPHGLD \ SOXUDOLVWD HQ HO TXH OD ORV SUREOHPDV GH FRQRFHU HVWLPDU HQVHxDU HOHJLU UHDOL]DU FUHHU \ VHQWLU ORVYDORUHV PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GH OD UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR DOFDQ]D XQ VHQWLGRUHLYLQGLFDWLYR\GHMXVWLFLD /D VLWXDFLyQ GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ VRFLDO DVRFLDGR D PRPHQWRV HVWDQQRYHGRVDTXHODSUHJXQWDFODYHHVTXpFXHQWDHQHO JHQHUDFLRQDOHV TXH FRQGLFLRQDQ SUiFWLFDV FUHHQFLDV \ IRUPDV GH DSUHQGL]DMHHGXFDWLYRGHODUHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR FRRSHUDFLyQ\TXpDSUHQGL]DMHFXHQWDSRUTXHHQHOiPELWR H[SUHVLyQ GHVGH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH GH OD UHODFLyQ GHVDUUROOR FRRSHUDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ VH LQQRYDFLyQ\GHVGHODVFRQGLFLRQHV DGYLHUWHQORVVLJXLHQWHVLQGLFLRVGHFDPELR FRQVXPR UD]RQDEOH \ MXVWR \ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR x +D\ XQ FDPELR HSLVWHPROyJLFR HQ HO IXQGDPHQWR GH OD UHODFLyQ GHVDUUROOR\HGXFDFLyQGHPDQHUD WDOTXHOD¿QDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQ UHVSHFWRGHOGHVDUUROORQRHVVyOR +D\ XQ QXHYR HVSDFLR VRFLDO SURSLDVGHOVHQWLGRJORFDO /DUHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROORFRQ¿JXUDFDGDYH]PiV KDFH UHIHUHQFLD DO FRQFHSWR WUHV PRGRV GH DERUGDMH GH HGXFDFLyQ ³FRQ´ HO GHVDUUROOR VH SUHRFXSD " ' ' . $ ' HVSHFLDOPHQWHSRUHOOXJDUGHOGHVDUUROORHQODHQVHxDQ]D HV GHFLU HO FXUUtFXOXP HVFRODU HGXFDWLYR \ " . $ $ ' M N FHQWUDHQODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQ \VXQHFHVLGDGSDUDGHWHUPLQDUODVSUiFWLFDVPiVDMXVWDGDV DOFRQFHSWRGHHGXFDFLyQHQODFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROOR 1LQJXQDGHHVWDVSHUVSHFWLYDVHVWiDXVHQWHHQHVWHWUDEDMR \SRUHVRDVXPLPRV\UHFRQRFHPRVODWDUHDGHOGHVDUUROOR FRPRWDUHDTXHVHVXVWHQWDHQODHGXFDFLyQFRPRDFWLYLGDG \ FRPR FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ GH PDQHUD WDO TXH VH DVXPH HO GHVDUUROOR ' - ' ' ( L . ' / ' - ' - . GH OD HGXFDFLyQ 7DO FRPR KHPRV GHIHQGLGR HQ RWURV WUDEDMRV 7RXULxiQ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 HQRULHQWDFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ I S N N HVWD LPSRUWDQFLD HQ WpUPLQRV GH FLXGDGDQR N 5 \ VHQWLPLHQWRV GH FDGD HGXFDQGR \ 3 HVWi UHÀHMDQGR VX LPSRUWDQFLD HQ HO FXUUtFXOR HVFRODU PHGLGD V O L PRGR HQ TXH HVH FRPSURPLVR M a y o HGXFDFLyQ TXH HV VXSHULRU DO WDQWRVREUHODFRQFRUGDQFLDGHYDORUHV GHVDUUROORFRRSHUDFLyQ SRU PHGLR GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HO +D\ XQ FRPSURPLVR VRFLDO \ JHQHUDOFRQODUHODFLyQGHVDUUROOR GH LQÀXLU VREUH ODV SUHIHUHQFLDV \ SRU KDFLD OD UHDFFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ LQGLYLGXDO - x GLVWLQWDV IRUPDV GH H[SUHVLyQ TXH OH VRQ SURSLDV R VH OH DGHFXDQ HV FDSD] HQ OD IRFDOL]DFLyQ GLIHUHQFLDGD H[SHULHQFLD LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ DWHQGLHQGR D VXV FRQWHQLGRV \ ODV ³GHVDUUROOR´ TXH VH PDQL¿HVWD FXOWXUDO H LQVWLWXFLRQDO HQ HO PDUFR (O GHVDUUROOR \ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ HO iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GH OD H[SHULHQFLD KXPDQD \ V i r t u a l - A b r i l /DVIRUPDVGHGHVDUUROOR\FRRSHUDFLyQ B o l e t í n HQHOFDUiFWHU\VHQWLGRHGXFDWLYR LQWHOLJLEOHV · SDUD FXDOTXLHU HGXFDQGR FHQWUDGD FRPR PHMRUHV TXH RWUDV FRQ FULWHULRV 1 5 XQDSURSXHVWDJHQHUDOGHHGXFDFLyQ FRRSHUDFLyQ SXHGHQ VHU FDWDORJDGDV · 'HWHUPLQDGDV IRUPDV GH GHVDUUROOR \ +D\ XQ FDPELR VHPiQWLFR HQ HO iPELWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRQ P L A N E T A R I A XQD HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO GHO YROXQWDULDGR VLQR HGXFDWLYDPDQL¿HVWD x C I U D A D A N A E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A O " $ % - ( . ' ! " HQ HO TXH VH DGTXLHUHQ FRPSHWHQFLDV SDUD HO XVR \ FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH H[SHULHQFLD YDOLRVD VREUH HO VHQWLGR HGXFDFLyQWDOFRPRTXHGDUHÀHMDGRDFRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQFHSWXDO GHO iUHD DVXPLEOH FRPR DFHUYR FRP~Q SDUD (O iUHD FXOWXUDO FRPR iPELWR x YDORUHV HGXFDWLYRV YLQFXODGRV DO FDUiFWHU\DOVHQWLGRSURSLRVGHOD HGXFDFLyQ GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q GH ORV ¿QDOLGDGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOLGHQWL¿FDEOHVGHVGHHO VHQWLGRFRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDFXOWXUDO(QODWHUFHUDDFHSFLyQ VH FXEUH HO VHQWLGR SURSLR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ GHVGH HO iUHD FXOWXUDOFRPRRULHQWDFLyQSURIHVLRQDO\YRFDFLRQDOSDUDXQ iUHDGHWHUPLQDGD(QODVGRVSULPHUDVDFHSFLRQHVGDPRV ´ FRQWHQLGRDODH[SUHVLyQ³ ! " # ' $ % O $ % . $ % (Q OD WHUFHUD DFHSFLyQ GDPRV FRQWHQLGR D OD H[SUHVLyQ " # $ " O $ % . $ % ´ 3DUD QRVRWURV HO iUHD FXOWXUDO FRQWHPSODGD GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYDGHiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQQRHVVyOR # $ ) " O $ % . $ ! " GHVDUUROOR YRFDFLRQDO \ FDUUHUD % SURIHVLRQDO FHQWUDGR SUHIHUHQWHPHQWH HQ HO iUHD FRPR FRQRFLPLHQWRWHyULFRiPELWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\DFWLYLGDG FUHDWLYDFX\RGRPLQLRWpFQLFR\HMHFXFLyQSUiFWLFDSXHGHQ HQVHxDUVH (O iUHD FXOWXUDO WDPELpQ HV % O $ % . $ % ! " # ' $ ) iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ \ iPELWR GHHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO " ) % O $ % . $ % \DVHDSDUD DOVLJQL¿FDGRGHHGXFDFLyQ\DVHDSDUDGHVDUUROODUHOVHQWLGR HGXFDQGR \D VHD SDUD FRQWULEXLU D IRUPDU HVSHFLDOLVWDV HQ HO iUHD FXOWXUDO GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD YRFDFLRQDO R SURIHVLRQDOWDOFRPRVHUHVXPHHQHO&XDGUR O - ( . ' 3 " $ % ! " TXH SHUPLWH IRFDOL]DU OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD HQ HO iUHD FXOWXUDO DO GHVDUUROOR GHO FDUiFWHU \ VHQWLGR SURSLR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRPR VH GHEHUtD KDFHU FRQ ODV PDWHPiWLFDV 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 VHUHDOL]DQODV¿QDOLGDGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQHQJHQHUDO\ODV ! ' I S N N (QODVGRVSULPHUDVDFHSFLRQHVSRUPHGLRGHOiUHDFXOWXUDO N 5 LQYHVWLJDEOH\UHDOL]DEOH 3 TXH HV FRJQRVFLEOH HQVHxDEOH $ V O L (O iUHD FXOWXUDO FRPR iPELWR iUHDFRPRPDQLIHVWDFLyQFUHDWLYD FRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDFXOWXUDO WHyULFRWHFQROyJLFR\SUiFWLFRGHO HVFRODUHV\GHVDUUROODEiVLFDPHQWH ORV YDORUHV YLQFXODGRV DO VHQWLGR GH GHVDUUROOR SURIHVLRQDO \ YRFDFLRQDO YLQFXODGR DO GRPLQLR M a y o FRPR iPELWR TXH IRUPD SDUWH ³ - GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO HV GHFLU x GHVDUUROODUHQORVHGXFDQGRVHOFDUiFWHU\VHQWLGRLQKHUHQWHV FRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDGHQWURGHODIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDOGHFDGD (O iUHD FXOWXUDO FRPR iPELWR x iUHD\SRGHPRV V i r t u a l - A b r i l JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ TXH DSRUWD WRGRVORVHGXFDQGRVFRPRSDUWHGHVXGHVDUUROORLQWHJUDO 3RGHPRV FRQRFHU XQ iUHD FXOWXUDO SRGHPRV HQVHxDU XQ B o l e t í n ODGLIHUHQFLDFRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDFXOWXUDOFRPRiPELWRGH · 3 1 6 LGHQWL¿FDQ\GH¿QHQWUHVDFHSFLRQHVSRVLEOHVGHODViUHDV · OD OHQJXD OD JHRJUDItD R FXDOTXLHU GLVFLSOLQD EiVLFD GHO FXUUtFXOXPGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO\ D \ E GHVGH HO FRQRFLPLHQWR SHGDJyJLFR VH FXOWXUDOHV FRPR LQVWUXPHQWR GH HGXFDFLyQ TXH MXVWL¿FDQ L A E D U C A C I Ó N ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ î ó ö ÷ ó ø ù ø ú ù û ñ ù ü ý ò ù ð þ ï ü ú ï ò ð ü ÿ ñ ù û ð L A ò ò ó ü ü C O N V I V E N C I A ó þ ó ö ó ý ö ú ó ñ C I U D A D A N A ù ù ñ ï þ ð þ P L A N E T A R I A · î P A R A ø 1 7 · w d b c b a z ` p ` i u q d c f p p q ` f a j ` a q g d i d w d b c b a ` p ` i u q d c f p p q f g w q q b j h e h t q r ` a ` p i f ` c ` d d b c b a q i q b h ` a j ` a q d i q d q b j h e h t q q i q b c b a p i c B o l e t í n w j e h t q ` i ` d d b c b a r ` a ` p i f c v q o p ` u q d p ` u q p p q ` a j ` a q q c f f d i d c p ` u q d p u ` a j q ` ` | R Q \ d p p q ` a j ` a j a c a ` p f u p p q ` a j ` a d ` | R Q \ V S X Y Z i ] q d V a ` p b ^ Y ^ Q V T Y Z m d q f ` d a j q b T q f q d i d X V S U Q V T Y Z ` u ` ` d S u q p p d q p c V k i a b i ` f q i a u d u V i r t u a l - A b r i l ` f [ S S [ l ^ Y ^ Q _ T ` i ` d | R Q \ b i f g d c f f c f V d u w ` a p q u ` a d [ S S [ l ^ Y ^ Q _ T S T S X Y Z ` b q c u p q u p d q ` c u f u g w ` j p ` p ` ` w a d b i f g i i c f e f c ` ` ` a ` u q p p ` b i f g u q d c f p p ` f c a j q q f f i b i c d c f i q b c u p d q c a d h q i j ` q i f i b g u d q j o p d d ` f o c f ` a q p r q j q ` p ` ` c b i b o f e b i b d e f c d w p q u ` a d p ` ` a j p q u p q ` b q c u p d q ` c u ` f d u ` i h o h c f c ` ` a ` u q p p q q q f o f i b i c d c f f b h w q a a j j ` a q b i a d p i q b c u p d c w a p q u p j ` v w a i b c d c b c f e b ` u j a ` j w ` ` ` f h c i c b i b f c i c o d w u ` q i u ` a j q q q u ` q d a ` b j b p o q c o q f o i p d o f o i a q ` ` p ` d v r ` ` a u e ` f c ` ` d ` o f b f q c ` b c d d d b c b [ l ^ Y ^ Q _ T y z { S Z u q ` ` o w f a ` i b i c p ` d u q d c f p p q c | w ` d X f S p p ` d c r u i c ` f a i b i c ` p u b ` q f a p u b ` c e Y [ S S } k w ` ` f p i h a i S X w j d u f u j c e u j j q c i j b c u j h t u f i b c g q o i c i c ` f f Q S T ^ Q Y ~ [ p p f q q c a u b i c Y X X V Z Z V w j q b f i q d u q g i a j h e h t s j b q b w p b U w j b u S w q i v ` o j q s ` u c f u c q g j j d p f i b c b q c i w r p i ` c v i w ` i v p V O L x ` c ` i i d ` a g M a y o i f f ` f a i ` e u g w a i ` d b u u - q i g q u q i i j u b f ` c a ` b a j p d c g 3 v ` b a j v q i i j ` a b q p r r b i b c ` q w r q g f e i ` b c h t a j p i p c j g ` j i f c f i c g i p f q q f p r q o i q g a b h i b c j g i b c g q b i q b p j q o i b c p j p b f ` c b V T V S T U Q V T S S [ R X T l Y k Q ^ S X Y Z S U q u p ` u j q S X ] S T ^ Q _ f i c g [ U Q T \ X S S _ T S U T k ^ Y Y X [ Y Y ` T ` t e h t X u S Y a p u j u o \ c S i T j i U [ Q U S S Y | T a c 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 R X } ] S S u I S N N ^ W i S Q t j g P g w b N 5 j ` c w a c f i o e i b c g i a ` ` q u ` p ` f i c d u a a u o d d f i d i e h i b c c ` b c d c e f c g w ` u r ` u j p a d i j ` k X V ^ S U V f c ` ` ` ` o [ S Y l \ V f u i b i f j i X V S [ l ^ Y ^ Q _ f q p ` c b c p q u g j i r b j b f ` i c ` c d T q c u g r a q u i p c u ` f r p f c a i w p o h p c w S a i m b \ a o S f d U c ` n j ` c e ` h ` g o u f a i ` f d j h ` j c h e i b c g s j e t q u i w ` ` u a u p o R v Q \ V S [ l ^ Y \ Q ] V ~ ^ V T ] Q ] S T ^ Q f i h i b c g Y w a ` d c a j p h ` u ` c d w ` ` o ^ ` u q d c f p p Q l [ Y [ Y T Y k Z Y T S \ Y X Q Y u f a q i c d i q f w u ~ [ S U Y X X V Z Z V [ S Z V U k l S Z V U p i ` c ` g o u f a i r d j i p i ` c ` ` g o j h d i ` e i b c u f a i ` g o u f a i v r ` f Y Z V X S U l Y [ S X Q ] Y [ V U e i c f c a j a ` a o p ` p b i i b i b c c u f a i j q i q c f c b p b h ` o c g a ` d ` g c h u c p o ` b j i b w ` j d X Q T ^ Q k Q V U [ S X Q b T ^ c Q i k Q c V U [ S S [ l ^ Y ^ Q _ T Q T \ S X ] S T ^ Q _ X Q T ^ Q k Q V U [ ` q u ` p k S [ Y _ Q ^ Y ` q f i c d d d f i c ` u ` a j q ` p q u q q a ` a j ` e b f i d d b h w q q o u ` i p ` u S V X Z Z Y V ^ Q _ T Y Z i c u ` d p q u ` d s ` d q f w u a b h q u c w a ` u ` p b i p q u ` c j d b c r f ` a ` c f c b a i w j j d k X s q f ` p ` u ` p ` p f V X o o o V Y u f U d d j c S u ` d b ^ T f b f c d c d ` p q u p q ` u q q u ` p c d c f o f o i d v u r a q ` ` a j p ` r r v u i i i b c d d h c i d c d o d c i b r a q ` a a q a ` u q p p q c i i i b c d d i c b i g d c f f g w a ` p a q d b c b q ` d c c b b ¾ © ± ª « ³ ª É © ¬ ¯ ­ ² Æ Ë ² Ç © ® ° Ô ¯ ­ Ç ° ­ Ó ° É a q a ` a p a ` j i b ¨ i ± ¿ Ó © « Æ ª °  « © ® Ì ¬ ­ ­ Ì Ç ¯ Æ Â © ® ª ¯ À Ð É ª ° Ì ² ² Í ³ ­ ¯ · É Ì ¯ Ë Ç Æ ´ © ª  µ ± Ð ª ³ É ¯ Ó ³ É ¡ ¯ ½ ­ ¬ Æ ² Î ¢ ¶ £ · ¸ ³ ª Ê Ð Ø © É º ´ ¥ ° « Ó Ú Ã Û ¦ ± ® Ä Ù ¤ © ° Ý ³ Ä Þ ¢ ± µ Õ Ú ³ ® Ñ Ü ¤ ³ ® « © Ó ß ¹ Ç Ù ³ Ä « ® Æ à ¯ Ç á â ´ Å º ³ Ð ã ¦ © ® ª Ç ¯ Ê Û Ä å « ­ É ä ¢ » ° ¶ Í æ ª ² Ä ³ Ã ç ® Ö è ´ ¯ × £ ² ¹ » Á Ê é ê ¢ ± Â Ð ä ¦ © ¯ Ã Î Ã Ä ë § ª Ê ì Ç æ ª Ä Ã í ¸ Ã ë ² Æ Ð f c b i b i b i c o c c ° Å Ô o Ç Ã ³ È Ä ³ Ç Æ Ã ­ É Ä ¼ Ê Æ ² Ë Î É Ð ³ Ì É ¯ Ã Ì ± É Ã Ä Ä ³ Í Ó ³ Å Ã Ì Ð ½ Î ¬ ³ Ï Ä Ð Ç Ä Ë ² à © Ñ Ã ³ ® É Ñ « Ä É © ¯ Ò Ã « Ï Ó Â Ð Æ ¹ ­ Î É Á Ë ´ Â Ç ¹ ² Ã Ô ¯ Ä Î ­ Ó Ã f i c E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A FRPR HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q GH ORV HGXFDQGRV SRU ORV YDORUHV WDUHDV GH VHQWLGR YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO YLQFXODGDV DO HGXFDWLYRVVLQJXODUHVGHULYDGRVGHOVHQWLGRFRQFHSWXDOGH YROXQWDULDGR D ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV QR JXEHUQDPHQWDOHV \ DO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH TXH LPSOLFDQ D HVSHFLDOLVWDV HQ HVHiUHDGHH[SHULHQFLDVLQRSRUTXHHOiUHDGHH[SHULHQFLD \ DJUtFROD GHVDUUROOR LQGXVWULDO \ WHFQROyJLFR HWFpWHUD HVDH[SHULHQFLDFXOWXUDOFRQFUHWDHQORVYDORUHVSURSLRVGHO GH PDQHUD WDO TXH SRGUtD GHFLUVH TXH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO FDUiFWHU\VHQWLGRLQKHUHQWHDOVLJQL¿FDGRGHODHGXFDFLyQ GHVDUUROORGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDYRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDO $Vt ODV FRVDV VL XQ iUHD FXOWXUDO HV iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ VHYLQFXODFRQFXDOTXLHUSURIHVLyQ\DFWLYLGDGGHVHUYLFLR VLHPSUH TXH VH DVXPD FRQ OD ¿QDOLGDG GH FRRSHUDFLyQ JHQHUDO OR HV SRUTXH GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD OyJLFR HV SULPDULDPHQWHiPELWRJHQHUDOGHHGXFDFLyQ\FXPSOHODV FRQGLFLRQHV TXH VH SUHGLFDQ GH ORV iPELWRV JHQHUDOHV GH H[SHUWRVHQGHVDUUROORTXHORVKD\\FDGDYH]GHPDQHUD HGXFDFLyQ7RXULxiQ\6iH]7RXULxiQE /DV FRQGLFLRQHV HVSHFt¿FDV GH iPELWRV GH HGXFDFLyQ GHVDUUROOR (O SUREOHPD QR HV OD VDOLGD SURIHVLRQDO \ PRGR7RXULxiQD FRQWHPSOH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR XQ GHUHFKR GH x XQD SUHRFXSDFLyQ EiVLFD HV OOHJDU D FRPSUHQGHU OD H[WHQVLyQ JHQHUDO QR SURIHVLRQDO \ YRFDFLRQDO GH OD UHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR <HQHVWHVHQWLGRSRGHPRV LGHQWL¿FDU ODV GRV DFHSFLRQHV TXH GDQ VLJQL¿FDGR D OD HVWiFRQVROLGDGR x JHQXLQDVTXHPHMRUVHDGDSWDQDOiUHD x VRFLDOPHQWH GHVDUUROOR HQWHQGLGR FRPR iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO x x SHGDJyJLFD iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ TXH TXHFXDOTXLHURWUDiUHDHGXFDWLYD x x GHFLU FRPR iPELWR TXH IRUPD KHWHURHGXFDFLyQ x SDUWH GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q VLJQL¿FDGRGHODHGXFDFLyQ x *HQHUDQYDORUHVHGXFDWLYRVVLQJXODUHV YLQFXODGRV DO VHQWLGR FRQFHSWXDO GHO iUHDGHH[SHULHQFLDTXHORFRQIRUPD FXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ < HVWR TXH DFDEDPRV GH H[SUHVDU PDUFD OD QHFHVLGDG GH DWHQGHU D ODV DFHSFLRQHV ³iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ´ \ ³iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO´ SXHV VH VLJXH GH OR 8WLOL]DQ HO iUHD SDUD HO ORJUR GH ORV YDORUHV HGXFDWLYRV YLQFXODGRV DO FDUiFWHU \ VHQWLGR SURSLRV GHO GH ORV HVFRODUHV \ GHVDUUROOD HO VHQWLGR FRQFHSWXDO GH ³GHVDUUROOR \ FRRSHUDFLyQ´ FRPR GHUHFKR GH 5HVXHOYHQ OD IRUPDFLyQ HQ FDGD iUHD SRU PHGLR GH SURFHVRV GH DXWR \ /DFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORFRPR iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO HV 6HFRQ¿JXUDQGHVGHiUHDVTXHDGPLWHQ LQWHUDFFLyQ HQ IRUPD GH LQWHUYHQFLyQ /DFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORFRPR DSRUWD YDORUHV HGXFDWLYRV LJXDO 8VDQ iUHDV TXH IRUPDQ SDUWH GH ODV ¿QDOLGDGHV HGXFDWLYDV UHFRQRFLGDV UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR FRPR HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO YDOLRVDTXHVHFRQYLHUWHHQiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ $WLHQGHQ D ODV IRUPDV GH H[SUHVLyQ x )RUPDQ SDUWH GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q \ JHQHUDO GH WRGRV ORV HGXFDQGRV 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 TXH GHOLPLWD XQ iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD KXPDQD VLQJXODU FX\R FRQRFLPLHQWR FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ GHQWUR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO FRPR ORVGHPiVGHUHFKRV $Vt ODV FRVDV GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH HVWH GLVFXUVR 6H FRQVWLWX\HQ GHVGH XQ iUHD FXOWXUDO I S N N YRFDFLRQDO HQ HVWH DUWtFXOR VLQR OD QHFHVLGDG GH TXH VH N 5 FRQVWUXLGRV GHVGH iUHDV GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO TXH VH LQFOX\HQHQODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOVHUHVXPHQGHOVLJXLHQWH 3 WUDEDMR HV HO VHQWLGR JHQHUDO GH OD UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ 3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRORTXHQRVLQWHUHVDGHVWDFDUHQHVWH V O L PiVFXDOL¿FDGD\FRPSHWHQWH M a y o DO GHVDUUROOR VLQ TXH HVR H[LMD QHJDU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH - FXOWXUDOHVSULPDULDPHQWHiPELWRJHQHUDOGHHGXFDFLyQHQHO TXHHOSURIHVRUGHEHGHHVWDUSUHSDUDGRSDUDIRUPDUGHVGH V i r t u a l - A b r i l WHPDVGHVDOXGHGXFDFLyQPHGLRDPELHQWHLQJHQLHUtDFLYLO B o l e t í n \ 7RXULxiQ D ([LVWHQ FDUUHUDV \ · HV VyOR SRUTXH HQ FDGD FDVR VHD IDFWLEOH FRQVLGHUDUOD 1 8 LPSODQWDFLyQ PX\ JUDQGHV HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG &RORP · OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR KD DOFDQ]DGR FRWDV GH TXH KHPRV GLFKR TXH VL KD\ HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO UHVSHFWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRQ XQ iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO QR (V REYLR TXH HO VHQWLGR YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO GH E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A 1RVHWUDWDGHDJRWDUHQHVWHWUDEDMRODFRQGLFLyQFXUULFXODU GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR VLQR GH LQVLVWLU HQ OD FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ \ FRPR iPELWR GH ¿QDOLGDGHV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ JHQHUDO \ GHO ³GHVDUUROOR´ HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO\HQHVWHVHQWLGRHVQHFHVDULRGHFLUTXHOD FRPR iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO (VWR VLJQL¿FD TXH HQ ODHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROORKD\TXHORJUDUFRPSHWHQFLDV HGXFDFLyQ³ ³HOGHVDUUROORH[LJHSUHVWDUDWHQFLyQDWUHV FRPSRQHQWHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQDQODRULHQWDFLyQ IRUPDWLYD WHPSRUDO SDUD OD FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQD LQGLYLGXDO ÷ TXHLPSOLFDQGHVWUH]DVKiELWRVDFWLWXGHV\FRQRFLPLHQWRV LQQRYDFLyQ ù ü ù ö ÷ ò ù ø ü ñ ð û ö ó û ù ú ø ù ú ø ó ó ð ò ø ù ú ü ó ñ ï ù û ð ù ò ý ò ó ö ü ü ú ó ù ó ù û ù ñ ø ï ù þ ð ò ð þ ü ñ ù ø ù ù ø ñ ï ð þ ü ó ð þ ò ù ø ü ð ù ñ ï þ ð þ ü ñ ð ñ SRUWDQWRXQYDORUXQHMHUFLFLRGHHOHFFLyQGHYDORUHV\XQ x D\XGDQ D ORV HGXFDQGRV D GHFLGLU \ UHDOL]DU VX SUR\HFWR GH YLGD &RPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ ORV YDORUHV x x x \ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ VRQ XVR \ FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH ³ ð þ û ø ù ó ð ò ø ö ò ð ð ó ó þ ÷ ü ü ð ù ï ø ó ï ð ø þ ù ù ü ð ÷ ó ø û ð ü ù $VXPLU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV SURSLDV GH $VXPLU OD FRQGLFLyQ SURSLD GH OD FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQ $VXPLU OD FRQGLFLyQ SURSLD GH OD $VXPLUODFRRSHUDFLyQHQHOVHQWLGR GH FRPSURPLVR KXPDQR LQGLYLGXDO GH ODV UHODFLRQHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV ELODWHUDOHVRPXOWLODWHUDOHV HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOFRQFHSWXDOPHQWHKDEODQGRHOGHVDUUROOR ù ÷ GHO WHUULWRULR PXQGLDO \ HQ HO PDUFR 3HURDGHPiVODHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROORHViPELWRGH ù û VRFLDOKLVWyULFR\GHHVSHFLHGHQWUR HGXFDFLyQ ú ù UHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR HGXFDWLYRV VH YLQFXODQ DO FDUiFWHU \ DO VHQWLGR GH OD ñ ò ORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ LPSOLFDQGHVWUH]DVKiELWRVDFWLWXGHV\FRQRFLPLHQWRVTXH ó FRQFHSWXDOGHODHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROOR LQQRYDFLyQ YDORUHV IRUPDWLYRV JHQHUDOHV \ FRPR WDO iPELWR JHQHUDO GHEH GH VHU WUDWDGR SDUD GHVDUUROODU FRPSHWHQFLDV TXH û ö HVDVtSRUTXHHOGHVDUUROOR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROOR H[LJHQDWHQGHUDODVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHVLQJXODUL]DQHOVHQWLGR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ SRUTXH FRQWULEX\H DO GHVDUUROOR GH ð ï HO GHVDUUROOR VLQ DWHQGHU D HVRV WUHV FRPSRQHQWHV (VWR UHODFLyQ û û 1R HV SRVLEOH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ /D HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR HV HVSHFt¿FDPHQWH iPELWR ó ø ò ð ü ó ò ü ñ ð ð ð û ñ ú ø ù ò ù ø ü ï ð ÷ ó ð ö ð þ þ ù ó ñ ò ï ò ü ñ ó ó ù û þ ú ù ù ø ù þ ñ ð ð ó ù ó ò ð ø ð ÷ ù ð ï ü ú ð ü ð þ ò û þ ð ó ï ù ð ð ú ÷ ð ó ò ú ð ù ï ó ø ø ñ ð ð ð ñ ò ò ö ñ ð ü ø ñ ø ò ö ú û ù ø ÷ þ ù ð ð ò ü ù ð þ ð ÷ ü ù ö ù ï ñ ú ð ñ ð ú ú ð ð ù ü ø þ ò ï ï ù ò ø ð ÷ þ ï ù ù ñ ð ø û ø ò ü ï ò ñ ü ð $VXPLU HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR FRQMXQWR GHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDTXHXQSXHEOR ó ð x ü ñ HV GHFLUH[SHULHQFLDFRQFUHWDGDGHVGHODUHDOLGDGFXOWXUDOGHO GHVDUUROOR\SRUHVRHVXQiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOTXH GHEHIRUPDUSDUWHGHODHGXFDFLyQFRP~QGHODVSHUVRQDV <SUHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRODHGXFDFLyQ³SRU´HOGHVDUUROOR HQ WDQWR TXH iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO TXH LPSOLFD OD FRQGLFLyQGHSODQHWDULDHVXQiPELWRGLIHUHQFLDGRGHODV GHPiV iUHDV GH H[SHULHQFLD SRU VXV FRQWHQLGRV FXOWXUDOHV HVSHFt¿FRV\DOLJXDOTXHSRGHPRVKDEODUGHODHGXFDFLyQ SXHGD FRQVXPLU FRPR GHFLVRU UHVSRQVDEOH SXHGD VRVWHQHU VX UHODFLyQFRQHORWUR\ORRWURHQFDGD HQWRUQR \ VHD FDSD] GH HPSUHQGHU VXV SURSLRV SUR\HFWRV HV GHFLU SXHGD IRUPDUVH HQ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HO FRQVXPR UHVSRQVDEOH \ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR (Q HO FRQWH[WR GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVLPSOLFDFRQWHPSODU OD LQQRYDFLyQ FRPR REMHWLYR QR FRPR PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GHO 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 FDPSRSURSLFLRSDUDHOXVR\FRQVWUXFFLyQGHH[SHULHQFLD D[LROyJLFD ó I S N N DSUHQGHDHOHJLUYDORUHV/DHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROORHV ü þ N 5 VHHQVHxDQYDORUHV\FRQHOGHVDUUROOR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQVH ð ü 3 FRRSHUDFLyQVRQYDORUHVHQHOGHVDUUROOR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQ ù ø HOGHVDUUROOR\OD û V O L ÷ ú M a y o VRFLDO KLVWyULFD \ GH HVSHFLH GHVGH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH \ HO VHQWLGR LQWHUFXOWXUDO JORFDO SHUPDQHQWH \ JHQHUDO YRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDWRGDHGXFDFLyQ ò - FRQHOFDUiFWHUD[LROyJLFRSHUVRQDOLQWHJUDO\SDWULPRQLDO ó V i r t u a l - A b r i l QHFHVLGDG GH FRQWHPSODU OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR B o l e t í n LQWHJUDQWHGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO · KDEODU GH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR SDUWH 1 9 PHMRUDUQXHVWURGHVDUUROOR 3RU PHGLR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO GHVDUUROOR VH FXEUHQ ø P L A N E T A R I A HVSHFt¿FD GH FDGD iUHD SRGHPRV HQ WDQWR TXH VRQ VXVFHSWLEOHV GH GRPLQLRWHyULFRWHFQROyJLFR\SUiFWLFR C I U D A D A N A ItVLFD\GHODHGXFDFLyQDUWtVWLFDSRUHMHPSORFRPRSDUWHV LQWHJUDQWHV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO WDPELpQ SRGHPRV 7LHQHQVHQWLGRYRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDO x C O N V I V E N C I A · SRUTXHGHVGHODH[SHULHQFLDD[LROyJLFD L A E D U C A C I Ó N û ú ù ö C O N V I V E N C I A ð ø ù û ú ð þ ø ñ ù û C I U D A D A N A ð ò ò ó ü ü ó ú ù þ ø ó ü P L A N E T A R I A þ ó ø ø ó ð þ ø FULWHULR IRUPDO GH DSUHQGL]DMH \ FRQ LPSURQWD GH KXHOOD GHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ VRQFRQFHSWRVTXHHVWiQOLJDGRVHQODVRFLHGDG SHUVRQDO FUHDWLYD 1DGD GH HVR VH FRQVLJXH VLQ DFWXDU LQWHQFLRQDOPHQWHHQODHGXFDFLyQSDUDDUWLFXODUUHODFLRQHV GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR SXHV TXLHQ VH HGXFD VH FRPSURPHWH OD WDUHD GH KDFHUVH DXWRU \ FRQ VX GHVDUUROOR \ HQWUH LQWHOLJHQFLD FRJQLFLyQ DIHFWLYLGDG \ FUHDWLYLGDG QRVyORDFWRUGHVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRV<VLHVWRVHDSOLFD LGHQWL¿FDGD HQ SURFHVRV \ SURGXFWRV TXH KDQ SURGXFLGR D ORV SXHEORV HO GHVDUUROOR VH FRQYLHUWH HQ iPELWR GH XQDQXHYDLPSURQWDXQDKXHOODGXUDGHUDHQODFUHDFLyQGH HGXFDFLyQGHVGHODHVFXHODDWHQGLHQGRDORVSULQFLSLRVGH LQQRYDFLyQSRUTXHHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVGHSHQGHGHO FRQRFLPLHQWRVRQODEDVHGHOGHVDUUROORTXHQRHVXQDVXQWR GHHPSUHVDSULYDGDVLPSOHPHQWHRGHODXQLYHUVLGDGHVXQD ´\HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHODFLHQFLD\OD ³ ù û ð ò ò ó ü ü ò ù ð ú ñ ð ñ ù ñ ï þ ð þ ø ø ø ó ð þ ø ó ù ö ÷ ò ù ø ñ ù î /D HYLGHQFLD GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH OD UHDOLGDG SRU PHGLR \RWURV2&'(+LGDOJR/HyQ\3DYyQ 7RXULxiQE û ù ø þ ð ú ù þ ø ó ü ó ð û ó þ ù ñ ð û ú ù ö ð ñ WHFQROyJLFRGHWDOPDQHUDTXHEXHQDSDUWHGHODDFHSWDFLyQ GHOOXJDUGHOGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRHQHOGHVDUUROORUHJLRQDO GHSHQGHGHTXHVHDOFDQFHXQQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQJHQHUDO GH OD FLHQFLD \ GH OD WHFQRORJtD HQ OD VRFLHGDG VX¿FLHQWH SDUDVHUYLUGHEDVHDODGLIXVLyQUiSLGD\JHQHUDOL]DGDGHODV LQQRYDFLRQHV\GHODQXHYDWHFQRORJtD(OVLVWHPD ù þ ø ó ü ó ð ó þ ñ ù û ú ð ñ ó HGXFDFLyQVHFRQYLHUWHQHQREMHWRGHODSROtWLFD7RXULxiQ F0DUWtQ\RWURV+LGDOJR/HyQ\3DYyQ 7RXULxiQ7RXULxiQ\6iH] 2EYLDPHQWH OD VROXFLyQ VL OD KD\ KDEUi TXH EXVFDUOD WDPELpQ GHVGH OD HGXFDFLyQ \ HVWR KDFH TXH þ ó ø ó þ ö ù ø ú ó ù ñ ï þ ð þ ø ø ø ó ð þ ø ù ü û û ú ù ù ñ ð ñ î ù ø þ ð &76 VXUJH FRPR RSRVLFLyQ DO PRGHOR WHFQROyJLFR XQLGLUHFFLRQDO FLHQFLDWHFQRORJtD ULTXH]DELHQHVWDUSRUTXHVHDVXPHTXHHQGLFKRSURFHVR HVWiQ LQKHUHQWHPHQWH XQLGRV HOHPHQWRV VRFLDOHV YDORUHV PRUDOHV LQWHUHVHV SURIHVLRQDOHV SUHVLRQHV SROtWLFDV \ FRQGLFLRQDQWHV HFRQyPLFRV TXH WLHQHQ XQD LQÀXHQFLD QRWDEOH HQ HO RULJHQ \ GHVDUUROOR GHO SURFHVR FLHQWt¿FR WHFQROyJLFR $VXYH]VDEHPRVTXH ù û þ ï ò ò ø ù ø ú ð ò ù ø ø ó ð ò FRQFHSWRVTXHGDQFRQWHQLGRVLJQL¿FDWLYRDOFRQRFLPLHQWR \ODHYLGHQFLDGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODUHDOLGDGSRUPHGLR GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ KXPDQD HQIDWL]D HO XVR DSURSLDGR GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR KDFLD OD FUHDFLyQ OD LQQRYDFLyQ \ OD WHFQRORJtD OR FXDO SRQH GH UHOLHYH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GHO ö ð DGTXLHUD XQ VLJQL¿FDGRHVSHFt¿FRHQODVRFLHGDGDFWXDOUHODFLRQDGRFRQ HOPRGRHQTXHHOVLVWHPDHVFRODUWUDQVIRUPDODLQIRUPDFLyQ HQ FRQRFLPLHQWR \ HO FRQRFLPLHQWR HQ HGXFDFLyQ H LQQRYDFLRQHV DWHQGLHQGR D SULQFLSLRV GH LQQRYDFLyQ GHVDUUROOR\HGXFDFLyQTXHUHVXPLPRVHQHO&XDGUR (VWD UHODFLyQ HQWUH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ RULHQWDFLyQ SROtWLFD KDFLD HO GHVDUUROOR HV OD EDVH IXQGDPHQWDQWH GHO \PHGLDWL]DGRUDGHOGHVDUUROOR þ ø 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 XQD³&XHVWLyQGH(VWDGR´\HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHODFLHQFLD VHFRQYLHUWHHQREMHWRGHODSROtWLFD0DUWLQ0DUWtQ I S N N GHODHPSUHVDSULYDGDVLPSOHPHQWHRGHODXQLYHUVLGDGHV ú N 5 /DWHFQRORJtDHVODEDVHGHOGHVDUUROOR\HVWHQRHVXQDVXQWR û 3 GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR KDFLD OD FUHDFLyQ OD LQQRYDFLyQ \ OD WHFQRORJtD0HVVDGLp\D ù V O L GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ KXPDQD HQIDWL]D HO XVR DSURSLDGR ï M a y o HMH³FRQRFHUHGXFDULQQRYDU´ 7RXULxiQ/DWHFQRORJtD\ODLQQRYDFLyQWHFQROyJLFD - UHDOLGDG \ QXHVWURV FRQWH[WRV \ HVR GHEHPRV KDFHUOR FRQ FRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDGHVGHFLUFRQVHQWLGRGHGHUHFKRV V i r t u a l - A b r i l SRUTXHDVXPHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVFRQVHQWLGRGH B o l e t í n GHVFXEULULQQRYDUHLQYHQWDUSDUDFRQRFHU\WUDQVIRUPDUOD · 0HVVDGLp D \ E +HPRV GH DSUHQGHU D GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ ODV VRFLHGDGHV TXH HVWiQ HQ FDPELR 2 0 FUHDWLYDVVLQRFRPRXQDQHFHVLGDGHVWUDWpJLFDJHQHUDOL]DGD î ñ û L A · GHVDUUROOR FUHDWLYR TXH HV SURSLR GH ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV P A R A E D U C A C I Ó N ï ð ñ ò ó õ U ù V ü ð þ ø ù ø ú ò ù ÷ ò ø þ ÷ ó û ñ ù ø ø ó L A ð þ C O N V I V E N C I A ø ñ ù û ð ò ò ó ü ü ó ù ñ C I U D A D A N A ï þ ð þ P L A N E T A R I A · î P A R A ø 2 1 · ! " # $ % # & # ' ( ) Æ Æ Ð Ã Ã Ç Å $ Ï Ç Ë Ç 3 $ Ç Ï ' Ð Ç Ô Ó Ç Ç Ð É Ó Ç + % # - $ Ó É Ó , Ó É V i r t u a l - A b r i l Ä Æ 2 à à 1 # B o l e t í n 0 * Ó / . - 7 F 7 6 @ 7 8 ; > . . 8 8 A 7 6 7 8 ; 7 6 8 < M a y o 5 6 7 7 8 9 8 6 : 7 . 7 8 ; : 8 < 7 8 ; = > . 8 < 7 8 5 6 6 ? @ 8 7 V O L 4 . ; A 6 B < 8 7 . 7 7 9 / 8 A 3 7 . N 5 7 8 ; D 7 7 8 9 8 6 : 7 7 8 ; : 8 < 7 8 ; : E = > . 9 8 6 7 6 8 7 7 8 C ; N . . G O P 7 I 4 N Q O G 9 B 9 / 8 6 7 7 8 ; I R G I 4 S 4 N Q O I R G T C M C R M R G 9 . 7 7 8 ; . 7 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 G . I M I S N N C G 7 7 8 ; . . 9 8 9 8 6 6 8 / 8 8 H I 7 7 8 / 8 8 J H H C 7 6 8 < 8 K J L 8 / 8 8 J ï ù ø ú ù 7RXULxiQS 3DUDPtHGXFDUSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVHVDVXPLU HOFRPSURPLVRGHHGXFDUFRQODVRVWHQLELOLGDGHOFRQVXPR (Q HO HMH FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQ LQQRYDFLyQ HO UHVSRQVDEOH\HOHPSUHQGLPLHQWR GHUHFHSWLYLGDGSRUTXHHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRQRVREOLJDDOD UHFHSWLYLGDGUHVSHFWRGHODFUHDFLyQGHWHFQRORJtDDXWyFWRQD (Q HO HMH FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQ HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR OD \GHODSRVLELOLGDGGHDVLPLODUFUHDWLYDPHQWHODWHFQRORJtD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH ÀH[LELOLGDG SRUTXH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG QRV REOLJD D VHU H[LVWHQWHSDUDJHQHUDUGLIHUHQFLDOFRPSHWLWLYR ÀH[LEOHVUHVSHFWRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRV\GHVX XVRFRPRUHFXUVRVOLPLWDGRVTXHKD\TXHRSWLPL]DU (QHOHMHFRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQHOFRQVXPR UHVSRQVDEOH HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH DFFHVLELOLGDGSRUTXHHOFRQVXPRUHVSRQVDEOHQRVREOLJD D VHU GHFLVRUHV UHVSRQVDEOHV HQ HO DFFHVR D ORV ELHQHV \ UHFXUVRV OLPLWDGRV TXH KD\ TXH FRQVXPLU VLHPSUH TXH DFFHGDPRVDHOORV W X Y X (Q Z HO [ [ HMH \ ] ^ _ ` [ ] a b [ ^ c d e [ ] a b [ c ^ \ [ f g f ] ^ ` a h a \ a c [ FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQ c OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH ÀH[LELOLGDG SRUTXH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG QRV REOLJD D VHU ÀH[LEOHVUHVSHFWRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRV\GHVX XVRFRPRUHFXUVRVOLPLWDGRVTXHKD\TXHRSWLPL]DU E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A KXPDQRV REOLJDGRV D SODQWHDUQRV WDPELpQ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG GH OD VLVWpPLFDGHOKRPEUHGHODQDWXUDOH]D 0HGLPRV HO DYDQFH GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRQ SDWURQHV GH \GHOXQLYHUVR UHIHUHQFLD DO JDVWR S~EOLFR HQ SRUFHQWDMH GHO 3,% +R\ x VLVWpPLFDV \ VLQ ROYLGDU HO FRQWH[WR KLVWyULFR TXH OD FXOWXUD GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG VHD LQYHUWLU FDGD YH] )DFLOLWDUODFRRSHUDFLyQPXWXD x 5HFXSHUDU \ UHFRQRFHU ODV FXOWXUDV LQGtJHQDV ODV FXOWXUDV ORFDOHV \ OD FXOWXUD GH OR HFRQyPLFR GHO PHUFDGR SRU HO SURJUHVR GLYHUVLGDGFXOWXUDO XQ DOWR SUHFLR OD GHELOLWDFLyQ GHO SXQWR GH FRKHVLyQ GH x IRUPDVGHFRQRFLPLHQWR ORV OD]RV GH FRPXQLGDG /DV FXOWXUDV TXH HVWiQ VLHQGR GHVWUXLGDV HQ QRPEUH GHO SURJUHVR VRQ TXL]i OD PHMRU IXHQWHSDUKDFHUXQEDODQFHUHVWDXUDGRUGHQXHVWUDVYLGDV x ¿QGHPRGL¿FDUORVDFWXDOHVHVWLORVGHYLGDORVSDUiPHWURV H[DJHUDGDPHQWH FRQVXPLVWDV ORV YDORUHV LPSHUDQWHV HWFpWHUD TXH HQ GH¿QLWLYD KDFHQ TXH OR YHUGDGHUDPHQWH LQVRVWHQLEOHVHDQQXHVWUDVYLGDV/DSURSXHVWDGHOGHVDUUROOR LQGLYLGXRV x 'HPRFUDWL]DU ORV PHGLRV FRPXQLFDFLyQGHPDVDV x ,QWHJUDU ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV ODV YDORUHV\FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV GHDOWRFRQWHQLGRKXPDQtVWLFR\DTXHVXDOWHUQDWLYDUDGLFD 3DUDHOORQRHVQHFHVDULRFUHDURLGHDUXQDQXHYDSHGDJRJtD GH DSWLWXGHV \ DFWLWXGHV DVt FRPR ORV VRVWHQLEOHGHEHYHUVHDEVROXWDPHQWHLPSOLFDGDHQYDORUHV HQ HO ORJUR GHO GHVDUUROOR SHUVRQDO \ GH ODV FDSDFLGDGHV KXPDQDV 3URPRYHU OD FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GLiORJR HQWUH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ ORV 0DUJOLQS (OGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHUHTXLHUHGHODHVWUDWHJLDHGXFDWLYDD 9DORUDU \ DSR\DU ODV GLIHUHQWHV x $\XGDU D GHVDUUROODU FRPSURPLVR pWLFR FRQ WRGDV ODV IRUPDV GH YLGD FRQODVTXHFRPSDUWLPRVHOSODQHWD 7RGR OR FRQWUDULR /R TXH HV UHDOPHQWH LQQRYDGRU HQ OD $KRUD ELHQ QDGD GH OR DQWHULRU GHEH KDFHUQRV ROYLGDU HGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHVRQORVYDORUHVTXH SDWURFLQD \ HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD HO GLVFXUVR PRUDO TXH OOHYD TXH HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH HV XQ YDORU \ ORV YDORUHV LPSOtFLWR3HURVXSXHVWDHQPDUFKD\DSOLFDELOLGDGHQODV UHDOL]DEOHV HV GHFLU SXHGHQ FRQYHUWLUVH HQ ¿QDOLGDGHV DXODVVHGLULPHHQHVWUDWHJLDV\SUiFWLFDVUHFRQRFLGDV R PHWDV GH QXHVWUD DFFLyQ \ GHFLVLyQ GH PDQHUD WDO TXH x 3URSLFLDU SHQVDPLHQWR FUtWLFR H LQQRYDGRU WUDQVIRUPDGRU GH OD VRFLHGDG x )RUPDU FRQ FRQFLHQFLD ORFDO \ FRPR\DVDEHPRVVRQFRJQRVFLEOHVVRQHQVHxDEOHV\VRQ VX UHDOL]DFLyQ DXQTXH HV XQD FXHVWLyQ GH RSRUWXQLGDG SROtWLFDGHFRPSHWHQFLDGHORVHGXFDGRUHVHGXFDWLYLGDG\ GHFRPSHWHQFLDVDGHFXDGDVHQORVDOXPQRVHGXFDELOLGDG WDPELpQ HV XQD FXHVWLyQ GH FRQFRUGDQFLD YDORUHV VHQWLPLHQWRV \ HV IXQFLyQ GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HO ORJUR GH OD YLQFXODFLyQ HQWUH VHQWLPLHQWRV SRVLWLYRV \ ORV YDORUHV GHO 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 PDWHULDO TXH HVWDPRV DOFDQ]DQGR HQ RFFLGHQWH SDJDPRV SURPRYHU HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD OD I S N N \HVRQRVLHPSUHHVHTXLYDOHQWHDPiVPHGLRV\PiVGLQHUR &RPRGLFH0DUJOLQWHQHPRVPXFKRTXHDSUHQGHUIUHQWHD N 5 UHVSRQVDEOHVGHVXSURSLRGHVDUUROORLQGLYLGXDO\FROHFWLYR x 3 PiVVLQRJHQHUDUHQFDGDSHUVRQDHOVHQWLGRGHGHFLVRUHV V O L GHOPHUFDGRFRPRSULQFLSLRRUJDQL]DGRUGHYLGD1RSDUHFH M a y o (VSDxDGHVWLQDHOGHO3,%3HURODFXOWXUDGHOD VRVWHQLELOLGDGREOLJDDLUPiVDOOiGHODFXOWXUDHFRQyPLFD $ERUGDU GH ODV FXHVWLRQHV FUtWLFDV \ VRFLDOHV GHVGH SHUVSHFWLYDV - HQ HGXFDFLyQ OD 8QLyQ (XURSHD HVWDEOHFH OD PHGLD HQ /RJUDU GH XQD YLVLyQ KROtVWLFD \ V i r t u a l - A b r i l x B o l e t í n UHVSHWRDODVFXOWXUDV\DORVGHUHFKRV · DGHPiVODVROLGDULGDGODLJXDOGDGHO VRVWHQLELOLGDG6LHGXFDPRVSDUDODVRVWHQLELOLGDGHVWDPRV HQ GtD 6XHFLD LQYLHUWH HO GHO 3,% FRPR JDVWR S~EOLFR (GXFDU HQ YDORUHV SURSLRV GHO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH HVWLPXODQGR QRVH[LJHDIURQWDUODHGXFDFLyQPLVPDFRPRSUREOHPDGH HGXFDFLyQ 2 2 x · WUDWD VyOR GH HGXFDU HQ OD LGHD GHO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH VLQRGHDVXPLUTXHHODSUHQGL]DMHGHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH P L A N E T A R I A SODQHWDULD (VWDPRV REOLJDGRV D LPSUHJQDU OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ FXDQWR WDO GH OD FXDOL¿FDFLyQ SURSLD GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG 1R VH C I U D A D A N A E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A GHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH%HUP~GH]&RORP/HII W i C O N V I V E N C I A X Z [ [ \ ] ^ _ ` [ ] a b C I U D A D A N A [ ^ c d e [ ] a b P L A N E T A R I A [ c ^ \ e g ` f d j g · _ ^ f k g ` f [ h \ 2 3 /LPyQ ^ DFFHVLELOLGDGSRUTXHHOFRQVXPRUHVSRQVDEOHQRVREOLJD TXH HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH WLHQH VX YHUGDGHUR VHQWLGR VL VHSODQWHDFRPRVROXFLyQWRWDOSXHVLQFLGHHQODWRGDVODV D VHU GHFLVRUHV UHVSRQVDEOHV HQ HO DFFHVR D ORV ELHQHV \ DFFHGDPRVDHOORV FRPR DGYHUWtDPRV RFXUUH HQ FXDOTXLHU VRFLHGDG R SDtV LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH VX QLYHO HFRQyPLFR 4XHUHPRV (QHOFRQWH[WRPDFURHFRQyPLFRVHGLVWLQJXHHQWUH þ ÷ l ü þ \ ó þ ó ø û ï ö ó ÷ ò ð ñ ó ø û ï ö ó (O SULPHUR VH LGHQWL¿FD FRQ ó PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDODODFRQGLFLyQKXPDQDLQGLYLGXDOVRFLDO JDVWRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDORVGHPiVHQWHVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVQR HMHUFLFLRGHVXVDFWLYLGDGHV(OVHJXQGRVHLGHQWL¿FDFRQHO KLVWyULFD\GHHVSHFLH7RXULxiQD HO FHQWUR HGXFDWLYR HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD FRPXQLGDG TXH OR OD HFRQRPtD JHQHUDO GH XQ SDtV SRU PHGLR GHO 3URGXFWR ,QWHULRU%UXWR3HURKHPRVDSUHQGLGRDGHPiVTXHHOJDVWR N 5 UHQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFDGHODVHVFXHODV+D\TXHHVWUXFWXUDU FRQFHSWRVWLHQHQFRQVHFXHQFLDV\HIHFWRVTXHLQFLGHQHQ 3 3ODQWHDUXQDRSFLyQHVFRODUHQSURGHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHO GHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHHVXQDIRUPDH¿FD]GHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\ V O L S~EOLFRVVRQORVJDVWRVGHODVHPSUHVDVSULYDGDV\GHORV FROHFWLYRVGHODVRFLHGDGFLYLO+HPRVDSUHQGLGRTXHDPERV WLHQH XQ VHQWLGR PRGpOLFR \ PRWLYDGRU HQ OD VRFLHGDG HQ JHQHUDO (VWH YDORU HGXFDWLYR GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ VLQR WDPELpQ GHVGLEXMDQGR ORV FRQWRUQRV TXH OLPLWDQ FROHFWLYRV GH VXV XVRV \ GH VXV FRVWXPEUHV GH JDVWR QR VLHPSUH HV XWLOL]DGR FRQ VHQWLGR GH PRGHOR \ FRQVWLWX\H VRVWHQLEOH FRQOOHYD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH XQD DPSOLDFLyQ XQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVDWHQHUHQFXHQWDFXDQGRVHSUHWHQGH GH ORV HVSDFLRV HGXFDWLYRV GH FRQFHELU OD HVFXHOD FRPR LQÀXLU HQ OD FLXGDGDQtD HQ JHQHUDO SDUD PRGL¿FDU VXV SDXWDV GH FRQGXFWD FRQ VHQWLGR HGXFDWLYR (V YHUGDG HVSDFLR HVSHFLDOL]DGR GH HGXFDFLyQ VH SDVD D LQWHJUDU OD FRPXQLGDGFRPRHVSDFLRPHGLR\PHQVDMHHGXFDWLYRSRU TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ HV XQ IDFWRU GH GHVDUUROOR VRFLDO SHUR RWUDSDUWHGHXQDYLVLyQH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFXOWXUDOLVWDGHOD HVFXHODSDVDPRVDD¿DQ]DUODSHUVSHFWLYDPRUDOGHVHUYLFLR WDPELpQ HV LQQHJDEOH TXH OD VRFLHGDG \ OD DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ VRQ XQ IDFWRU LQFXHVWLRQDEOH GHO GHVDUUROOR HGXFDWLYR TXH \ GH DWHQFLyQ D OD FRPXQLGDG TXH VLQ GXGD FRQWULEX\H D VH HYLGHQFLD HQ HO YDORU HGXFDWLYR GH OD OHJLVODFLyQ \ HQ KDFHUSDWHQWHHOVHQWLGRtQWLPR\SURIXQGRGHOFRQFHSWRGH HVFXHOD ODLQÀXHQFLDGHODVFRQGXFWDV\KiELWRVGHORV³PRGHORV´ GH WRGR WLSR HQ HO LPDJLQDULR FROHFWLYR GH OD FUHDWLYLGDG (OFDVRHVTXHQRVFRUUHVSRQGHDQRVRWURVUHVSRQVDELOL]DUQRV DUWtVWLFDGHODVRFLRLGHQWLWDULDGHODSRSXODU\GHPDVDV \KDVWDGHODFUHDWLYLGDGFXOWXUDOFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFD(V \DEULUGH¿QLWLYDPHQWHHOGHEDWH1XHVWUDREOLJDFLyQPRUDO SUHFLVRDQDOL]DUFRQVHQWLGRSHGDJyJLFRODLPSRUWDQFLDGH QRVyORHVHQXQFLDU\DQXQFLDUHOIXWXURVLQRSRQHUGHVGH ODLQÀXHQFLDIRUPDOQRIRUPDO\RLQIRUPDOGHODVRFLHGDG HO SUHVHQWH ORV HOHPHQWRV QHFHVDULRV SDUD TXH HVWH IXWXUR FLYLOODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQ\ODHPSUHVDHQODGLIXVLyQGHORV PRGHORVGHFRQGXFWDDGRSWDGRVDQWHHOJDVWR\HOFRQVXPR VHD HO PiV DGHFXDGR D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV DQDOL]DGDV /D HGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHHVSRUDKRUDXQD GHHVWDVSRVLELOLGDGHVVLHPSUHTXHVXIXQGDPHQWRVHDDO 7RXULxiQE PLVPRWLHPSRGHVDUUROODUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRSHURHVRVtXQ FRQRFLPLHQWR GHVDOLHQDGR DO VHUYLFLR GH OD KXPDQLGDG \ GHO SODQHWD (GXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH GHEH VLJQL¿FDUHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\ DVXYH]GHVDUUROODUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRTXLHUHGHFLULQWHJUDU HQ OD IRUPDFLyQ ORV SULQFLSLRV IXQGDPHQWRV \ SUiFWLFDV SURSLDVGHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH %DMR HVWH SODQWHDPLHQWR JHQHUDO DO ODGR GH TXHDQDOL]DQHOSURFHVRGHWRPD GHGHFLVLRQHVGHORVFRQVXPLGRUHV\FRPSUDGRUHVVHKDQ ö ö ð ú ù ö ý ú þ ó û ù û ú ð ñ û ú þ ó ó ñ ù ü ó û û HODERUDGRPX\GLYHUVRVPRGHORVFX\RFRQWHQLGRSHUPLWH DJUXSDUORV ELHQ HQ OD FDWHJRUtD GH ö ó ñ ù ü ó û ÷ û þ ó ü þ ó û SRUTXHFHQWUDQVXVDQiOLVLVHQORVSURFHVRVGHPRWLYDFLyQ \ GH UHGXFFLyQ GH QHFHVLGDG GHO FRQVXPLGRU R ELHQ HQ OD FDWHJRUtD GH ö ó ñ ù ü ó û ù þ ó ø ö þ ó û ó þ ó ü þ ó û SRUTXH IRFDOL]DQ HO DQiOLVLV GHO FRQVXPR HQ WpUPLQRV GH RIHUWD \ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 \ VHSDUDQ OD HVFXHOD GH OD VRFLHGDG (Q HVWH VHQWLGR HO YROXQWDULDGR \ FRQ pO OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR I S N N GH ODV DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV \ GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV SULYDGDV FRELMD DSRUWDQGR QR VyOR UHDOLVPR D VX IXQFLRQDOLGDG M a y o HO JDVWR GH ODV DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV \ HQWHV S~EOLFRV HQ HO - VRVWHQLEOH HVWDPRV GH DOJXQD IRUPD KDFLHQGR PHQFLyQ D XQDDOWHUQDWLYDJOREDO\FRPSOHMDTXHDIHFWDHQSHUVSHFWLYD V i r t u a l - A b r i l UHFXUVRV OLPLWDGRV TXH KD\ TXH FRQVXPLU VLHPSUH TXH SUREOHPiWLFDV TXH SRVHH HO KRPEUH \ VX HQWRUQR< HVWR B o l e t í n GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH \ HQ HVWH DUWtFXOR HV VX¿FLHQWH GHFLU · (QHOHMHFRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQHOFRQVXPR UHVSRQVDEOH HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH 5HFLHQWHPHQWH KHPRV SXEOLFDGR XQ WUDEDMR VREUH H[SUHVDUHQGH¿QLWLYDTXHFXDQGRKDEODPRVGHGHVDUUROOR X L A E D U C A C I Ó N L A C O N V I V E N C I A ð ò ð û ð ú û ð þ ù ò ü ð ø ù þ ù û ñ ð ö ó ò ù þ ù þ û ï ñ ò ð û ó GH DOJR GH ñ ï ù ï ú ü ð m ö ó ù ø ù ò ð ò ï ø þ ó ö ÷ ó ò ú ð ö ù ø ú ó YLQFXODGR DO SURGXFWR GH FRQVXPR < GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD KHPRV ó û ú ù ò ó ò D XVDU \ FRQVWUXLU H[SHULHQFLD D[LROyJLFD SDUD FRUUHJLU Û Ü é ŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƌĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƐƵĮĐŝĞŶƚĞLJƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƚŽƌŝŽ ĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐŽŵƉƵůƐŝǀŽ͘ ĞĮŶŝƌůŽƐŚĞĐŚŽƐƋƵĞƐŝŶŐƵůĂƌŝnjĂŶĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĞŶ ĐĂĚĂĐĂƐŽ͘ ŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƌůŽƐƚĠƌŵŝŶŽƐĞŶƋƵĞƐĞƉůĂŶƚĞĂĞů ĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐĂĚĂƵŶŽ͘ ĐŽŵŽĚĂƌůŽƐƟĞŵƉŽƐĚĞĚŝĐĂĚŽƐĂůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ ;ŽƉŽƌƚƵŶŝĚĂĚ͕ƐŝŶƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂĐŝſŶͿ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƌĂĚĞĐƵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞůŽƐĞƐƉĂĐŝŽƐĚĞĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘ ŝƐĐĞƌŶŝƌĐŽŶĐƌŝƚĞƌŝŽƐŽďƌĞůŽĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘ ^ĂďĞƌĨŽƌŵƵůĂƌƉƌĞŐƵŶƚĂƐĂƵŶŽŵŝƐŵŽƐŽďƌĞĞůƐĞŶƟĚŽ ĚĞůŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞ͘ Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ú Ý Þ ß Ù à á â ã Û ä á q à ë ä å æ ç å ä ê ë r s ç V O L DEXVRVJHQHUDUQXHYRVXVRV\GHFLGLUUHVSRQVDEOHPHQWHHQ ƵĂĚƌŽϲ͗^ŝŶĞƌŐŝĂƐƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĂƐƉĂƌĂĞĚƵĐĂƌĞŶĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ à é v à Ú y á x ß u à Ú à u Ú ê u ß Û é u z Ú { N 5 ß w u t IRUPDFLyQGHGHFLVRUHVUHVSRQVDEOHVWDOFRPRUHVXPLPRV î ø ð ñ ù ò ü þ ó õ n ó ø û ò o ï ø ö ó þ ò ù û ÷ ó ÷ û ó ù ø û ð ø ŽŵƉƌŽŵŝƐŽƐŽĐŝĂůLJƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŶĞůǀĂůŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟǀŽ ù ü ò ð ü ù û ÷ ð ò ð ù ø ú ù ø ñ ù ò ï p þ ï ù ø ú ĚĞůĂůĞŐŝƐůĂĐŝſŶ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞ ð ĞůŐĂƐƚŽƉƷďůŝĐŽƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞƐĞĂƵŶĞũĞŵƉůŽĚĞ ù ĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶĞŶĞůŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƌŝŽ ZĞĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽLJĂĐĞƉƚĂĐŝſŶĚĞƐşŵŝƐŵŽLJůŽŽƚƌŽĐŽŵŽ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽLJĐŽŵŽĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘ /ŶƚĞƌĂĐĐŝſŶĚĞĐŝƐŽƌĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚĞLJĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐŽŵŽ ĐŽŶũƵŶĐŝſŶĚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďŝůŝĚĂĚ͕ĚĞĂƵƚŽĚĞƐĂƌƌŽůůŽ͕ĚĞ ĞƐĨƵĞƌnjŽLJĞdžĐĞůĞŶĐŝĂĚĞůŐĂƐƚŽ͕ĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐĐŝſŶLJƵƐŽĚĞů ƉĂƚƌŝŵŽŶŝŽ͘ ƉƌĞŶĚŝnjĂũĞƐŝƚƵĂĚŽĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐŽŵŽŝŶƚĞƌĂĐĐŝſŶĞŶƚƌĞ ƉƌŽLJĞĐƚŽƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů͕ĞĐŽŶŽŵşĂLJĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘ ĐŽůĞĐƟǀŽLJƉĂƌĂĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƉƌŝǀĂĚŽ͘ &ŽŵĞŶƚŽĚĞĂƐŽĐŝĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĞŶƚƌĞůĂƐŽĐŝĞĚĂĚĐŝǀŝů ĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞƐĂĐŽŶƐƵŵŝƌ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞŵĞŶƚĞ͘ ŽŶƚƌŽůƚĞĐŶŽͲĠƟĐŽĚĞůŽƐŵĞĚŝŽƐƉĂƌĂŐĂƌĂŶƟnjĂƌůĂ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĐŝſŶ͕ůĂĐŽŵĞƌĐŝĂůŝnjĂĐŝſŶ LJůĂĚŝĨƵƐŝſŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚĂĚĂĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘ ZĞĨŽƌnjĂƌůĂĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶĚĞƉĂĚƌĞƐLJƉƌŽĨĞƐŽƌĞƐƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽĚĞ 'ƌĂĚŽƐĚĞůŝďĞƌƚĂĚƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐĂĞŶĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĚĞ ĐĂƌĄĐƚĞƌŽĐĂƐŝŽŶĂů͕ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂůLJŚĂďŝƚƵĂů͘ ůĂĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶƉĂƌĂĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͕ĞůĂďŽƌĂŶĚŽŐƵşĂƐĚŝĚĄĐƟĐĂƐ ŽŶŽĐĞƌůĂĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂ͕ƉƌŽĐĞƐŽLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘ LJŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĞƐĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůĂƌĞƐƋƵĞĂƟĞŶĚĂŶĂůĂĐŽŶĐƌĞĐŝſŶ ĚĞůĂƐŽƌŝĞŶƚĂĐŝŽŶĞƐ͘ &ŽƌŵĂƌĚĞĐŝƐŽƌĞƐĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚĞƐƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͕ Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ú Ý Þ ß Ù à á â ã Û ä q á à ë ä å æ ç å ä ê ë r s ç ĞƐƚĂďůĞĐŝĞŶĚŽĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĂƐƉĂƌĂ͗ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƌĐůŝŵĂĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞĂůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞ͕ ƉƌŽƉŝĐŝĂƌĐŽŵƉƌŽŵŝƐŽƐŚĂĐŝĂĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƐŽƐƚĞŶŝďůĞ͕ ĨŽƌƚĂůĞĐĞƌĞůĚĞƐĂƌƌŽůůŽĚĞƉĂƵƚĂƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĞƐĚĞ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĂƉĂƚƌŝŵŽŶŝĂůĞŶĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘ ƐƚĂďůĞĐĞƌƵŶĂWŽůşƟĐĂŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďŝůŝĚĂĚ ĐŽŵƉĂƌƟĚĂƉĂƌĂĂĮĂŶnjĂƌĞůůŽŐƌŽ ĚĞŚĄďŝƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŶƐƵŵŽLJĚĞĐŝƐŽƌĞƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞƐ Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ú Ý Þ ß Ù à á â ã Û ä q á à ë ä å æ ç å ä ê ë r s å 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 ù ï I S N N HQORV&XDGURV\ 3 FRQVXPRDWHQGLHQGRDSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHV\SDUWLFXODUHV\ DVLQHUJLDVSURDFWLYDVTXHGDQFRQWHQLGRDODVHVWUDWHJLDVGH M a y o VXEHStJUDIHV D FRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQ REMHWR GH DSUHQGHU Ú - GH DVXPLU ODV OtQHDV GH WHQGHQFLD TXH IRUPXODPRV HQ Ù t ZĞĐŽŶŽĐĞƌůĂŝĚĞŶƟĚĂĚĚĞůƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽŽďŝĞŶĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘ û GHSRQHUHQPDUFKDHOSURFHVR ñ GH WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV \ GH ÷ ó ù ß v V i r t u a l - A b r i l þ ÷ ø Ù u B o l e t í n PRGRV GH UHFRQRFHU HO GHVHR \ OD LGHQWL¿FDUHOELHQFRQVXPLEOH Û · 7RGRV HVWRV PRGHORV KDQ JHQHUDGR XQ FRQMXQWR GH FRQRFLPLHQWRV UHDOPHQWH ~WLO DFHUFD GH GLYHUVLGDG GH ß t 2 4 SHUVSHFWLYDVRFLRHFRQyPLFD P L A N E T A R I A ƵĂĚƌŽϱ͗WƌŝŶĐŝƉŝŽƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĞƐƉĂƌĂĞŶƚĞŶĚĞƌƋƵĠ SDWURQHV VRFLDOHV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GHO FRQVXPLGRU HQ VXUHODFLyQFRQORVSURGXFWRVRGHRWURVFRPSDWLEOHVFRQOD C I U D A D A N A · GHPDQGD GH UHODFLyQ FDOLGDGSUHFLRFRVWH SURGXFFLyQ GH P A R A E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A · 2 5 ƵĂĚƌŽϳ͗ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĂƐƋƵĞĂƚĞŶƚĂŶĐŽŶƚƌĂůĂĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶĚĞůĚĞĐŝƐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞ · ϭ͘ ϲ͘ ϳ͘ ϴ͘ ϵ͘ Ù Ú Û } ~ ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŚĂĐĞƌ ƋƵĞƐĞĂĐĞƉƚĞƵŶĂĚĞĐŝƐŝſŶŝŵƉŽƉƵůĂƌƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĄŶĚŽůĂĐŽŵŽ͞ĚŽůŽƌŽƐĂ͕ŶĞĐĞƐĂƌŝĂLJ ůĂŵĞŶŽƐŵĂůĂ͟LJͬŽĚĞŵŽƌĂƌƐƵŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂĐŝſŶ͘^ĞďƵƐĐĂůĂĂĐĞƉƚĂĐŝſŶƉƷďůŝĐĂƉŽƌ ƌĞƐŝŐŶĂĐŝſŶLJƉŽƌůĂĞƐƉĞƌĂŶnjĂŝŶŐĞŶƵĂĚĞƋƵĞ͞ƚŽĚŽŝƌĄŵĞũŽƌŵĂŹĂŶĂ͟LJƋƵĞĞů ƐĂĐƌŝĮĐŝŽĞdžŝŐŝĚŽƉŽĚƌĄƐĞƌĞǀŝƚĂĚŽ͘ ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞĚŝƌŝŐŝƌƐĞĂůƉƷďůŝĐŽĐŽŵŽƐŝĞů ƐŝƐƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůĨƵĞƌĂƵŶĂĐŽƉŝĂĚĞůƐŝƐƚĞŵĂƌĞĂů͕ƚĂůĐŽŵŽƐŝůĂŝŵĂŐĞŶƋƵĞŶŽƐ ŚĂĐĞŵŽƐĚĞůĂƐĐŽƐĂƐĨƵĞƌĂƌĞĚƵƉůŝĐĂƟǀĂLJŶŽƐĞůĞĐĐŝŽŶĂƌĂŶĞĐĞƐĂƌŝĂŵĞŶƚĞĐŝĞƌƚŽƐ ĂƐƉĞĐƚŽƐĚĞůŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů͘ůƌĞĐĞƉƚŽƌĚĞďĞƌşĂĂƐƵŵŝƌƋƵĞůĂƐĐŽƐĂƐƐŽŶƚĂůĐŽŵŽƉĂƌĞĐĞŶŽ ŶŽƐĚŝĐĞŶƋƵĞƐŽŶ͖ƋƵĞŶŽŚĂLJŶĂĚĂŵĄƐŝŶǀĞŶƚĂĚŽŽĂĚĞƐĐƵďƌŝƌĚĞƚƌĄƐĚĞůŽĚŝĐŚŽ͘^Ğ ƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŝŶĨĂŶƟůŝnjĂƌĂůƌĞĐĞƉƚŽƌƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĐƚƷĞĂůĞũĂĚŽĚĞůĂĐŽŵƉůĞũŝĚĂĚĚĞůŽƌĞĂů͘ ͘^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞƵƟůŝnjĂƌĞůĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĞŵŽĐŝŽŶĂůƉĂƌĂĐĂƵƐĂƌ ƵŶĐŽƌƚĞĞŶĞůĂŶĄůŝƐŝƐƌĂĐŝŽŶĂůLJĮŶĂůŵĞŶƚĞďůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞůƐĞŶƟĚŽĐƌşƟĐŽĚĞůŽƐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵŽƐ͘ ¡ ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŵĂŶƚĞŶĞƌĂůƉƷďůŝĐŽĞŶůĂŝŐŶŽƌĂŶĐŝĂLJůĂ ŵĞĚŝŽĐƌŝĚĂĚ͕ĞǀŝƚĂŶĚŽůĂĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĂůĂƐĠůŝƚĞƐĂĐĐĞĚĞƌĂůĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŶƐŝſŶ ĚĞůĂƐƚĞĐŶŽůŽŐşĂƐLJůŽƐƐŝƐƚĞŵĂƐĚĞƌĞŐůĂƐLJŶŽƌŵĂƐ͘ ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞĞƐƟŵƵůĂƌĂůƉƷďůŝĐŽƉĂƌĂƋƵĞ ƐĞĂĐŽŵƉůĂĐŝĞŶƚĞĐŽŶůĂŵĞĚŝŽĐƌŝĚĂĚ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĞƌĂƚĂůƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞŶŽƌŵĂůLJĚĞŵŽĚĂ ůĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĂƐLJƌĞƐƉƵĞƐƚĂƐǀƵůŐĂƌĞƐ͕ŝƌƌĞǀĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͕ŝĐŽŶŽĐůĂƐƚĂƐ͕ŝŶĐƵůƚĂƐ͕ĞƐƚƷƉŝĚĂƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ¡ ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŚĂĐĞƌĐƌĞĞƌĂůŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵŽ ƋƵĞĠůĞƐĞůƷŶŝĐŽĐƵůƉĂďůĞĚĞƐƵƉƌŽƉŝĂĚĞƐŐƌĂĐŝĂ͕ĚĞďŝĚŽĂůĂŝŶƐƵĮĐŝĞŶĐŝĂĚĞƐƵ ŝŶƚĞůŝŐĞŶĐŝĂ͕ĚĞƐƵƐĐĂƉĂĐŝĚĂĚĞƐ͕ŽĚĞƐƵƐĞƐĨƵĞƌnjŽƐ͘^ĞďƵƐĐĂůĂŝŶĨƌĂǀĂůŽƌĂĐŝſŶƉĂƌĂ ůŽŐƌĂƌůĂŝŶŚŝďŝĐŝſŶĚĞƐƵĂĐĐŝſŶŽůĂŝŵƉŽƚĞŶĐŝĂ͘ Ü ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞůŽŐƌĂƌƋƵĞƐĞĂĐĞƉƚĞŶ ŵĞĚŝĚĂƐŝŶĂĐĞƉƚĂďůĞƐ͕ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŽƐƵĐŽŶƚĞŶŝĚŽ͕ĚĞƐĚĞůĂƐĞŐƵƌŝĚĂĚĚĞƋƵĞĂƐşƐĞ ƉŝĞƌĚĞĞůƐĞŶƟĚŽŐůŽďĂůĚĞůĂƐŵŝƐŵĂƐ͕ƉĞƌŽŶŽĞůůŽŐƌŽĮŶĂů͘ ^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞĐƌĞĂƌƐŝƚƵĂĐŝŽŶĞƐ ĚĞƚĞƌƌŽƌ͕ƉĄŶŝĐŽ͕ŵŝĞĚŽ͕ŝŶƚƌĂŶƋƵŝůŝĚĂĚŽŝŶƐĞŐƵƌŝĚĂĚƉĂƌĂĐĂƵƐĂƌůĂƌĞĂĐĐŝſŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐĂĚĂ ĚĞůƉƷďůŝĐŽ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĞƌĂƋƵĞƐĞĂĞƐƚĞĞůĚĞŵĂŶĚĂŶƚĞĚĞůĂƐŵĞĚŝĚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƋƵŝĞƌĞŶ ŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂƌ͘WŽƌĞũĞŵƉůŽ͗ĚĞũĂƌƋƵĞƐĞŝŶƚĞŶƐŝĮƋƵĞŽƉƌŽƉŝĐŝĂƌůĂǀŝŽůĞŶĐŝĂƵƌďĂŶĂ͕ĂĮŶ ĚĞƋƵĞĞůƉƷďůŝĐŽĚĞŵĂŶĚĞůĞLJĞƐĚĞƐĞŐƵƌŝĚĂĚLJƉŽůşƟĐĂƐĞŶƉĞƌũƵŝĐŝŽĚĞůĂƐůŝďĞƌƚĂĚĞƐ͖ ŝŶƐŝƐƟƌĞŶƋƵĞĚĞďĞŶĂĐĞƉƚĂƌƐĞůĂƐŶŽƌŵĂƐŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂĚĂƐƉŽƌƋƵĞ͕ĚĞŶŽŚĂĐĞƌůŽ͕ŽƚƌĂƐ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐŝĂƐŝŵƉŽŶĚƌĄŶŽƚƌĂƐƉĞŽƌĞƐŽƐƵĂƵƐĞŶĐŝĂƐĞƌşĂĐĂƚĂƐƚƌſĮĐĂ͘ ϭϬ͘ Ø Ú ¡ ͘^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞƵƟůŝnjĂƌĞů ĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽƉĂƌĂůŽŐƌĂƌĞůĐŽŶƚƌŽůĚĞůĂĂĐĐŝſŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŽĐŽůĞĐƟǀĂƉŽƌŵĞĚŝŽĚĞů ĐŽŶĚŝĐŝŽŶĂŵŝĞŶƚŽ͕ůĂĐŽĂĐĐŝſŶ͕ůĂŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂĐŝſŶLJĂĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĂŵŝĞŶƚŽ͘ Ý Þ ß Ù à á â ã Û ä q á à ë ä å æ ç å ä ê ë r s ¡ r 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 I S N N N 5 ~ 3 ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞĞŶĚĞƐǀŝĂƌůĂĂƚĞŶĐŝſŶĚĞůƉƷďůŝĐŽĚĞůƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĐĞŶƚƌĂů LJĚĞůŽƐĐĂŵďŝŽƐĚĞĐŝĚŝĚŽƐŵĞĚŝĂŶƚĞůĂƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂĐŝſŶĚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĂůĞũĂĚĂƐĚĞů ǀĞƌĚĂĚĞƌŽƐƉƌŽďůĞŵĂ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĞƌĂƚĂůƋƵĞƐĞŵĂŶƟĞŶĞĂůĚĞĐŝƐŽƌŽĐƵƉĂĚŽLJĚŝƐƚƌú̎ ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞŶŽƉŝĞŶƐĞĞŶůĂĐƵĞƐƟſŶ͘ V O L M a y o ϱ͘ - ϰ͘ ~ V i r t u a l - A b r i l ϯ͘ } B o l e t í n Ϯ͘ | E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A HGLFLyQ WLHQH GRV VLJQL¿FDGRV HO GH DFFLyQ \ HIHFWR SURSLRGHVDUUROOR GH HPSUHQGHU DFRPHWHU XQD REUD \ HO GH FXDOLGDG GH (QODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPRLJXDOTXHHQODHGXFDFLyQ HQ JHQHUDO DGHPiV GH HVWLPDU SHUVRQDOPHQWH HO YDORU ¿QDOLGDGHV1RSRURWUDFRVDVLQRSRUHVWDSRGHPRVGHFLU HVWD REUD HUD QHFHVDULR´ DFFLyQ \ HIHFWR \ WDPELpQ OR WLHQHD¿UPDUTXH³DGPLURDHVWDSHUVRQDSRUVXIRUWDOH]D\ HPSUHQGLPLHQWR´FXDOLGDG GHPDQHUDWDOTXHHPSUHQGHGRUQRHVSULPDULDPHQWHHOTXH TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR VH FRQYLHUWD REWLHQHXQSDJRSRUFRQWUDWRVLQRHOTXHDVXPHULHVJRVPiV HQ iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ 1R VH WUDWD GH KDFHU TXHHOJDQDGRUGHVDODULR<HVWDFRQFHSFLyQTXHSHUGXUy HPSUHVDULRV SURIHVLRQDOHV VLQR GH ORJUDU OD FRQFRUGDQFLD GH YDORU \ VHQWLPLHQWR UHVSHFWR GHO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HQ KDVWDFRPLHQ]RVGHOVLJOR;;HPSLH]DDFDPELDUFXDQGR HPSUHQGHGRUVHDVRFLDDOVLJQL¿FDGRGHLQQRYDUHLQYHQWDU ODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOSRUTXHWRGRVWHQHPRVTXHXVDUORV ORV HPSUHQGHGRUHV VRQ TXLHQHV LPSOHPHQWDQ HO FDPELR YDORUHVGHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRSDUDGLULJLUQXHVWUDSURSLDYLGD GHPDQHUDSUiFWLFD+R\SRUKR\QRHVSRVLEOHVLJQL¿FDU TXHUHTXLHUHGHKiELWRVRSHUDWLYRVGHDJHQWH\SUR\HFWLYRV HPSUHQGHGRUVLQXQLUORDLQQRYDGRU ´ ¶ · ´ ¸ ´ » · (Q RWUDV SDODEUDV VH VXJLHUH TXH OD GLIHUHQFLD FHQWUDO HQWUHSHUVRQDVGHOWLSRGHSRUHMHPSOR%LOO*DWHVR6WHYH ¢ £ ¤ £ ¥ ¦ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¦ ¨ ¬ ­ ¦ © ® ¯ ° ¦ ¨ ¬ ­ ¦ ® © § © ± ² ª © « ® ¬ ± ¬ © « ¨ -REV \ RWURV QR HV TXH pVWRV VHDQ ORV ~QLFRV GLVSXHVWRV ³ (Q HO HMH FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQ LQQRYDFLyQ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GHUHFHSWLYLGDGSRUTXHHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRQRVREOLJDDOD UHFHSWLYLGDGUHVSHFWRGHODFUHDFLyQGHWHFQRORJtDDXWyFWRQD \GHODSRVLELOLGDGGHDVLPLODUFUHDWLYDPHQWHODWHFQRORJtD D DVXPLU ULHVJRV R ORV ~QLFRV FDSDFHV GH HOOR VLQR TXH HVWRVSHUVRQDMHVQRQHFHVDULDPHQWHPRWLYDGRVGHIRUPD SULQFLSDO SRU OD JDQDQFLD VRQ FDSDFHV GH LQWURGXFLU LQQRYDFLRQHV TXH PRGL¿FDQ SURIXQGDPHQWH DOJ~Q iUHD GH OD YLGD VRFLDO HFRQyPLFD FXOWXUDO DUWtVWLFD SHUVRQDO H[LVWHQWHSDUDJHQHUDUGLIHUHQFLDOFRPSHWLWLYR HWF 3RVWHULRUPHQWH DSDUHFHUiQ RWURV TXH FRSLDQ R (GXFDU SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR LPSOLFD HGXFDU FRQ OD ULHVJR SHUR QR VRQ VHJ~Q HVWD FRQFHSFLyQYHUGDGHURV VRVWHQLELOLGDG HO FRQVXPR \ HO HVStULWX HPSUHVDULDO R OR TXHHVORPLVPRHGXFDUFRQHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRSRUTXHHO GHVDUUROOR HV XQD DFFLyQ GH HPSUHQGLPLHQWR TXH LPSOLFD UHQWDELOLGDGOLGHUD]JR\FRPSHWLWLYLGDG<QRVHHQWLHQGD HO SiUUDIR DQWHULRU HQ VHQWLGR PDWHULDO \ HFRQyPLFR SRUTXH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR H[LJH LU PXFKR PiV DOOi HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR WLHQH XQ VHQWLGR SHUVRQDO \ SULPDULR HQ HOGHVDUUROORSHUVRQDOTXLHQVHHGXFDVHFRPSURPHWHFRQ ODWDUHDGHKDFHUVHDXWRU\QRVyOR VXGHVDUUROOR ´ µ ¶ · ´ ¸ ¹ ´ DFWRUGHVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRV &RQYLHQH LQVLVWLU HQ HO SXQWR GH SDUWLGD TXH VH GLFH ³(PSUHQGLPLHQWR \ HVStULWX HPSUHQGHGRU´ QR ³HPSUHQGXULVPR´ QL ³HPSUHQGHGXULVPR´ TXH VRQ PDODV WUDGXFFLRQHV GH OD SDODEUD LQJOHVD ´ ¸ º · ´ ¶ · ´ ¸ ´ » · ¼ ½ ¾ ¶ ¿ À Á WpUPLQRTXHVHXVDSDUDGHVFULELUHOHVStULWXHPSUHQGHGRUR HOtPSHWXSRULQLFLDUDOJRHQVHQWLGRHPSUHVDULDO DGRSWDQ HVDV LQQRYDFLRQHV TXLHQHV WDPELpQ DVXPHQ XQ HPSUHQGHGRUHV VLQR PiV ELHQ KRPEUHV GH QHJRFLRV FRPHUFLDQWHV R HPSUHVDULRV HQ VHQWLGR HVWULFWR 1R WRGR FRPHUFLDQWH R HPSUHVDULR HV HPSUHQGHGRU HQ HO VHQWLGR HVWULFWR YLQFXODGR D OD LQQRYDFLyQ (VWD YLVLyQ GHO HPSUHQGHGRU FRPR FUHDGRU GH FXOWXUD HVSHFLDOPHQWH PDWHULDO R GHVDUUROOR HFRQyPLFR SXHGH VHU FRQFHELGD FRPR XQD UHD¿UPDFLyQ GHO HPSUHQGHGRU FRPR XQ KpURH FXOWXUDOKWWSHVZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL(PSUHQGHGRUIHFKDGH FRQVXOWDGHDEULOGH 6L HVWR HV DVt VH HQWLHQGH TXH HO HPSUHQGHGRU HV DTXHO TXH WLHQH HPSUHQGLPLHQWR OD FXDOLGDG \ SRU WHQHU HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HPSUHQGH ODV REUDV GH XQD PDQHUD HVSHFLDO TXH OH SHUPLWH LQQRYDU \ WUDQVIRUPDU ORV SURGXFWRV 3RU VXSXHVWR TXH SXHGH JDQDU GLQHUR FRQ OD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ SHUR QR HV HVD OD VLJQL¿FDFLyQ HVSHFt¿FD GHOWpUPLQRHPSUHQGLPLHQWR 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 GHDXWRU · I S N N H[LJHIRUPDFLyQFRQHOFRQVXPRSHURVLQJXODUPHQWHH[LJH º N 5 FRQWUDWR3HURORFLHUWRHVTXHHOFRQFHSWRKDHYROXFLRQDGR ¸ 3 SURSLRREMHWLYR<VLHVWRHVDVt³(GXFDUSRUHOGHVDUUROOR´ ´ V O L DVXPLPRVHVHYDORUHQOD¿QDOLGDGFRPRXQDSDUWHLQWHJUDQWH GHQXHVWURSUR\HFWRGHYLGDKDFHPRVGHQRVRWURVQXHVWUR HPSUHQGHGRU HV XQ FRQFHSWR UHODFLRQDGR FRQ HO WpUPLQR TXHVLJQL¿FDHOTXHVHHQFDUJDGHXQD IUDQFpV REUDVHDHVWHHODOEDxLORHOLQJHQLHUR\REWLHQHXQSDJRSRU M a y o (QHOVHQWLGRPiVWUDGLFLRQDOGHHPSUHQGHUXQDDFFLyQVHU VyOR KDFHPRV XQD HVWLPDFLyQ GHO YDORU VLQR TXH WDPELpQ - TXHHQODHGXFDFLyQFXDQGRQRVPDUFDPRV¿QDOLGDGHVQR V i r t u a l - A b r i l WHQHPRV TXH HOHJLUOR FRPR SDUWH LQWHJUDQWH GH QXHVWUDV HPSUHQGHGRU 7LHQH VHQWLGR GHFLU ³HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR GH B o l e t í n ³HPSUHQGLPLHQWR´ TXH VHUi LQFRUSRUDGR HQ VX SUy[LPD FRQVXPRHVDFRUGHFRQODFRQGLFLyQGHDJHQWHVGHQXHVWUD · GHODUHODFLyQFRQHORWUR\ORRWURHQODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHO 2 6 3DUD OD 5HDO$FDGHPLD (VSDxROD GH OD OHQJXD HO WpUPLQR · (O UHFRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD DIHFWLYLGDG \ E D U C A C I Ó N P A R A L A C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A P L A N E T A R I A GH OD HGXFDFLyQ QR HV GH RPLVLyQ VLQR GH FRPSURPLVR ODV SHUVRQDV IRPHQWDQGR VX DXWRHVWLPD \ FRQ¿DQ]D DFWLYR FRQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV SURSLDV GHO /RV HVWXGLDQWHV DSUHQGHQ DFWLWXGHV KDELOLGDGHV \ HPSUHQGLPLHQWR\GHGHQXQFLD\IRUPDFLyQIUHQWHDWRGRV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV TXH OHV SHUPLWLUiQ HQWUDU HQ HO PXQGR UHDO\SURJUHVDU'HODHGXFDFLyQFRQHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRVH DTXHOORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRV\HVWUDWHJLDVTXHVHRSRQHQDO GHVDUUROORGHOHVStULWXHPSUHQGHGRU  · ´ à º ¾ Ä ¾ ¹ à ¹ Å ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ Å ¾ ¸ ¸ Ç Ä Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ Å ¹ ´ ¼ à · · Ç È È Ç É Ê 7HQHUVHQWLGRGHYLGD\VHQWLGRGHOD 7HQHU VHQWLGR WHFQROyJLFR H LQQRYDGRUGHODDFFLyQRGHOSURGXFWR x Ò Ó Ô Ì Ð Í Î Ò Ï Õ Ð Î Ô ¥ Ò Ï +H LQLFLDGR OD LQWURGXFFLyQ GH HVWH DUWtFXOR D¿UPDQGR TXH OD SURSXHVWD TXH VH KDFtD GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULDHUDXQDGHULYDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOGHFRKHUHQFLDFRQ ODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDWDOFRPRVHKDEtDGH¿QLGRSHUR GHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ XQRV GHUHFKRV QRYHGRVRV GH GpELO LPSODQWDFLyQ OHJDO TXH VH PXHYHQ DO DPSDUR GH FRQYHQLRV ELODWHUDOHV PXOWLODWHUDOHV H LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV \ GH GHFODUDFLRQHV \ SDFWRV GH EXHQD YROXQWDG VROLGDULD /D SURSXHVWD HV SRU WDQWRXQDGHULYDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOTXHUHTXLHUHFRPSURPLVR GH YROXQWDGHV SDUD KDFHUOD HIHFWLYD SRUTXH VH FRQYLHUWH 7HQHU VHQWLGR GH DXWRU KiELWRV HQ XQD RSFLyQ GH SROtWLFD HGXFDWLYD \ GH GHVDUUROOR 3HUR OD SUHVHQFLD R DXVHQFLD GH HVD YROXQWDG VROLGDULD \ GHO SUR\HFWLYRV \ QR VROR GH DFWRU FRPSURPLVRPRUDOSHUVRQDOKDFLDHOODQRDQXODQLPHUPD KiELWRVRSHUDWLYRV ODIXHU]DGHODDUJXPHQWDFLyQUHVSHFWRGHODFRRSHUDFLyQ\ 9DORUDFLyQ GH OD SHUVHYHUDQFLD \ HO HVIXHU]RQHFHVDULR x $VXPLUHOVHQWLGRGHUHWR\GHVDItR x 9DORUDU HO SHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWR SURJUHVLYR HOGHVDUUROORFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ (O VHQWLGR WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ QRV SHUPLWH VDOLU GH QXHVWUR PDUFR WHUULWRULDO FLXGDGDQR SRU PHGLR GH ODV UHGHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ H[SHULPHQWDU XQ FLHUWR PRGR GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD PXQGLDOL]DGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ JOREDO x $VXPLUHOFRPSURPLVRUHVSRQVDEOH SRUTXH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ HQ VLWXDFLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO JUDFLDVDOGHVDUUROORGHORVQXHYRVPHGLRVQRVFRQYLHUWH x (QWUHJDUVHDORTXHVHKDFH H[SHULPHQWDQODFRQYLYHQFLDLQWHUSHUVRQDOFLXGDGDQDGHVGH x 3RVHHUUHVLVWHQFLD\UHFXUVLYLGDG x 7HQHU VHQWLGR GH OD H[FHOHQFLD \ FRQRFLPLHQWRVWpFQLFRV x 7HQHU VHQWLGR GH OLGHUD]JR \ FRPSHWLWLYLGDG x 7HQHU FRQ¿DQ]D HQ ODV SURSLDV SRVLELOLGDGHV OR PiV LPSRUWDQWH HQ XQHPSUHQGLPLHQWRHVXQRPLVPR HQ HVSHFWDGRUHV DFWLYRV \ HQ HPLJUDQWHV YLUWXDOHV TXH HOPHGLR 1XHVWUD FRQYLFFLyQ HV TXH VL KD\ HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD FX\R REMHWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR QR KD\ UD]yQ SDUD FRUWDU OD ÀXLGH] GH OD LGHD \ QR DVXPLU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH JHQHUDU DFWLWXG IDYRUDEOH DO FRPSURPLVRFRQODLGHDGHPDUFRWHUULWRULDOPiVDOOiGHPL SDtV\DIURQWDUGHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQOD FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDFRQVHQWLGRGHFRRSHUDFLyQVROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO \ SRU WDQWR SODQHWDULD 6H WUDWD GH LU PiV DOOiGHOSRGHUGHUHODFLyQLQWHUSHUVRQDOTXHSURSRUFLRQDHO PHGLRFXOWXUDO\WHFQROyJLFRHQFXDQWRPHGLRLQVWDODGRHQ 1R HV HVWH HO OXJDU SDUD HVWDEOHFHU OD VLVWHPiWLFD GH OD ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ HV GHFLU FRPR PHGLR HGXFDFLyQFRQHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRSHURVtFRQYLHQHLQVLVWLU HQ TXH OD FDSDFLGDG GH JHQHUDU WHFQRORJtD R DVLPLODU OD TXHLGHQWL¿FD\GLYHUVL¿FD+D\TXHLUDOXVRGHORVPHGLRV \GHORVUHFXUVRVDVXPLHQGRHOKHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWUR 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 x Ñ I S N N x Ð N 5 &UHHUHQHOSURSLRSUR\HFWR Ï 3 x Î V O L DFFLyQ Í M a y o x Ì - WDOHVFRPR £ V i r t u a l - A b r i l (VWH WLSR GH HGXFDFLyQ GHVWDFD FXDOLGDGHV SHUVRQDOHV YLQFXODGDV D OD FUHDWLYLGDG \ D OD FDSDFLGDG GH LQQRYDU Ë B o l e t í n ODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHOHQWRUQRSDUDOOHYDUORVDGHODQWH · HVSHUDORJUDUMyYHQHVPiVDFWLYRVLQQRYDGRUHVFDSDFHVGH FUHDU SUR\HFWRV SHUVRQDOHV GHVFXEULHQGR \ DSURYHFKDQGR 2 7 VLQR TXH WDPELpQ D\XGD DO GHVDUUROOR LQGLYLGXDO GH · UHVSHFWRGHODUHFHSWLYLGDGFRPRSULQFLSLRGHLQQRYDFLyQ H[LVWHQWH SDUD LQQRYDU HVWi FODUDPHQWH YLQFXODGD DO HMH (O SDSHO ³ (GXFDU FRQ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR QR VyOR WUDH EHQH¿FLRV E D U C A C I Ó N FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ FRQWHPSODGR GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD VROLGDULGDG \ ORV 0L SURSXHVWD HV TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH ORVSXHEORVHVXQDSURSXHVWDYLQFXODGDDORVGHUHFKRVGH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH IRUWDOHFH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULDIRUPDQGRHQFDGDSXHEORGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGH YLDELOLGDGQLHVWiDOPDUJHQGHODVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV LGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQFDGDWHUULWRULR1XHVWURSRVWXODGR GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH H[LJHQ FRRSHUDFLyQ \ SDUD FRQYLYLU HQ XQ PXQGR PHMRU HQ HO TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ HVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ \DGDSWDFLyQGHOKRPEUHFRPRFLXGDGDQRGHOPXQGRSHUR ORFDOL]DGRTXHHVFDSD]GHVROXFLRQDUFRQÀLFWRVUHDOHVGH FRQYLYHQFLDVLQFRQYHUWLUORVHQH[FXVDVSDUDODH[SORWDFLyQ RHQJXHUUDVGHUHOLJLyQ\RLGHQWLWDULDV /D FXOWXUD JORFDO \ ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ FRQ¿JXUDQ HO VXVWUDWR GH XQD QXHYD PHQWDOLGDG TXH YD PiV DOOi GH XQD UHYROXFLyQ WHFQROyJLFD \ VH LQWHJUD HQ ODV SURSXHVWDV GH XQ PDUFR FLYLOL]DWRULR GLVWLQWR 'HVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD VROLGDULGDG \ ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQODHGXFDFLyQHVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWR H¿FD] GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ \ DGDSWDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH FRPR FLXGDGDQR GHO PXQGR SHUR ORFDOL]DGR \ GHVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYDO à VROLGDULGDG\DORVSULQFLSLRVGHLQQRYDFLyQDFFHVLELOLGDG ´ ¸ È Ã Ö Ç · µ à  ¾ Æ ´ ¸ ¹ ¶ » à  · à à  ¾ È Ã Æ ¸  ¶ Ç Ã ¸ · Ä Ã ¾ Ä ´ ´ È ¸ ¹  ´ ¾ à ¼ à  · ¾ » · ¹ Ç È Ã È ¹ Ç ´ à ¸ ¼ à » ¶ ¸ È ´ à ¸ ¼  ´ à º Ã È · Æ ¾ ¸ Ã Ê UHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDGGHXQPRGRWDOTXHODHGXFDFLyQ SDUDHOGHVDUUROORHVXQHVFDOyQQHFHVDULRHQODFRQYLYHQFLD 6LFRQWHPSODPRVHVWDFXHVWLyQGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORV FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD\UHFODPDIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPR UHVSRQVDEOH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR \ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HQ OD GHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQODSURSXHVWD\VXVROXFLyQ IRUPDWLYDWUDVFLHQGHHOPDUFRGHOYROXQWDULDGR\VHFRQYLHUWH HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO HQ XQD RSFLyQ \ RSRUWXQLGDG GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD (O SUR\HFWR GH HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULDHVXQDFXHVWLyQTXHHQWUDGHOOHQRHQHOSDUDGLJPD GHODFRPSOHMLGDGHVGHFLUQRREHGHFHQLSXHGHREHGHFHU SODQHWDULD HQ OD TXH ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRV \ HOSURJUHVRPRUDOGHODVVRFLHGDGHVVHYLQFXODSRUOD]RVGH VROLGDULGDG\FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORV MDPiV D XQ VyOR YHFWRU R IXHQWH GH DFFLyQ 'HEH SRQHUVH /D FXHVWLyQ FODYH HV FyPR FUHFHU MXQWRV DFHSWDQGR OD HQ GXGD SXHV HO GLVFXUVR IiFLO QRUPDOPHQWH GH FDUiFWHU GLYHUVLGDG\QREDMRODIRUPDGHDVLPLODFLyQ³H[WUDQMHUD´ SROtWLFRSRUHOTXHHQJHQHUDOVHSUHWHQGHGHPRVWUDUTXH VLQR EDMR OD SRVLELOLGDG GH OD LQQRYDFLyQ HQ FDGD SXHEOR XQDDFFLyQGHXQGHSDUWDPHQWRDGPLQLVWUDWLYRHVFDSD]SRU PHUFHG DO FXOWLYR GH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH DFFHVLELOLGDG VXVSURSLDVDFFLRQHVGHOOHYDUDEXHQWpUPLQRDOWHUQDWLYDV JOREDOHV'HEHTXHGDUFODUR\VLQQLQJ~QJpQHURGHGXGDV ÀH[LELOLGDG\UHFHSWLYLGDGSURSLRVGHODLQQRYDFLyQSDUD JHQHUDU HQ FDGD SXHEOR FRQ YLVLyQ GH HVFDOD VRVWHQLEOH TXH HVWD SURSXHVWD YD PiV DOOi GH SROtWLFDV FRQFUHWDV R WHFQRORJtD DXWyFWRQD \ DVLPLODU OD TXH \D H[LVWH SDUD HO XQLWDULDVSXHVWRTXHVXVHQWLGRPiVSURIXQGRHLQWUtQVHFR GHVDUUROOR\HOHPSUHQGLPLHQWR HV FRQVLGHUDUOR FRPR XQD DOWHUQDWLYD GH FDUiFWHU JOREDO 1XQFD GHEH ROYLGDUVH TXH HO REMHWLYR GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD HV UHSRVLFLRQDU DO KRPEUH \ VXV DFFLRQHV HQ HO SODQHWD HV GHFLU VX IRUPD GH SHQVDU GH DFWXDU \ GH SRVLFLRQDUVH FRPR FLXGDGDQR GHO PXQGR GH GLIHUHQWH PDQHUD TXH LPSOLFD JORFDOLGDG GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLELOLGDG FRQVXPR\HPSUHQGLPLHQWR 6L QR QRV ROYLGDPRV GH TXH ORV GHUHFKRV VRQ VXPDWLYRV QRUHVWDQVHVLJXHTXHODSURSXHVWDGHFRPSURPLVRFRQ ORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQQRHVXQDSURSXHVWDHQ HOYDFtRVXSRQHXQFRPSURPLVRPRUDOFRQODGLJQLGDGGH ODVSHUVRQDVORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGHQLYHOHVSUHYLRVHO SODQHWDFRPRHQWRUQRJOREDO\QLFKRHFROyJLFRHOGHVDUUROOR FLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFR\HOSURJUHVRPRUDOGHODVRFLHGDG 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 HVTXHHOGHVDUUROORVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ \ TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VH YLQFXOD D ORV RULHQWDGR DO GHVDUUROOR GH FLYLOL]DFLyQ GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR I S N N GHFRQVWUXFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO\FRPRFRQYHUJHQFLDGH WUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtDHQWHQGLGDFRPR XQFRPSURPLVRGHYROXQWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV N 5 FRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVEDMRIRUPDV QDFLRQDOLVWD HXURSHtVWD \ PXQGLDOLVWDFRVPRSROLWLVWD D 3 DX[LOLRV SHUR TXH VH FHQWUD HQ OD DFFLyQ HGXFDGRUD GH OD FRQWHPSODUHOVHQWLGRORFDO\JOREDOHOVHQWLGRUHJLRQDOLVWD V O L QLDQXODODDFFLyQGHFRRSHUDFLyQEDMRODIRUPDGHD\XGD KXPDQLWDULDFHQWUDGDHQDVLVWHQFLD\FXLGDGRVGHSULPHURV OD FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD EDMR OD LGHD GH TXH HV SRVLEOH M a y o GHDERUGDUXQDQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFX\D FLXGDGDQtD PXQGLDO FRPR SUREOHPD GH IRUPDFLyQ SDUD - GHVDUUROORLQQRYDFLyQFRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDG6HWUDWD (Q ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV LGHQWLGDG GLYHUVLGDG \ WHUULWRULR VH XQHQ HQ OD V i r t u a l - A b r i l GHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ P L A N E T A R I A B o l e t í n GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD \ HQ OD LGHD GH OD C I U D A D A N A · (O REMHWLYR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HV SURIXQGL]DU HQ OD LGHD C O N V I V E N C I A 2 8 DOUHVWRGHOSODQHWDHQQXHVWUDFRPXQLGDGSDUWLFXODU L A · WHUULWRULRHVHOPXQGR\TXHQRHVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRV P A R A E D U C A C I Ó N Ç Ç ¶ ´ · à  ¾ Æ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ Å ¹ ´ ¼ à · · Ç È È Ç P L A N E T A R I A HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO\HQHVWHVHQWLGRHVQHFHVDULRGHFLUTXHOD JHQHUD XQDV FRQGLFLRQHV VLQJXODUHV \ XQ HVSDFLR SURSLR TXH GHEH VHU FXLGDGR HGXFDWLYDPHQWH KDEODQGR GHQWUR FRPSRQHQWHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQDQODRULHQWDFLyQ IRUPDWLYD WHPSRUDO SDUD OD FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQD LQGLYLGXDO GHO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH VRFLDO KLVWyULFD \ GH HVSHFLH GHVGH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH ¶ Ç LQQRYDFLyQ Ù È Ã ¼ Ç ¼ º ´ ¸ ¾ ´ Ú È ¾ Â È ¾ Ç ¹ ¸ à ¼ ¹ » µ Ç · ´ ¼ ¶ Ç ¸ ¼ Ã Ú È ´ Ø ´ È ´ µ ¶ · ´ ¸ ¹ ¾ µ ¾ ´ ¸ º Ç 1R HV SRVLEOH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO Ê ORVSXHEORVVDOYRTXHKDJDPRVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQXQDSURSXHVWDHQHOYDFtR\QRXQFRPSURPLVR FRPSRQHQWHVGHWHUPLQDQWHVGHOVLJQL¿FDGRGH³GHVDUUROOR´ YLQFXODGRV D ORV WUHV SULQFLSLRV EiVLFRV GH OD LQQRYDFLyQ SHUVRQDOHLQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOLEHUWDGHVUHDOHV DFFHVLELOLGDGUHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDG (Q HO FRQWH[WR GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD (QXQSULPHUPRPHQWRHVQHFHVDULRDFRPRGDUORVUHFXUVRV FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVLPSOLFDFRQWHPSODU OD LQQRYDFLyQ FRPR REMHWLYR QR FRPR PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GHO GLVSRQLEOHV D OD QXHYD UHDOLGDG /D WDUHD GHO IXWXUR SDVD /D FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR GHEH LQLFLDUVH SULPHUR HQ FRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDGHVGHFLUFRQVHQWLGRGHGHUHFKRV GHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ VRQFRQFHSWRVTXHHVWiQOLJDGRVHQODVRFLHGDG QXHVWUDV HVFXHODV \ HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG 6HU FLXGDGDQRV GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR SXHV TXLHQ VH HGXFD VH FRPSURPHWH FRPR SUREOHPD LQWHOHFWXDO \ FRJQLWLYR VLQR FRPR IRUPD FRQ VX GHVDUUROOR \ × ´ ¼ à · · Ç È È · ´ à º ¾ Ä ¾ ¹ à ¹ Ø ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ Ø ¾ ¸ ¸ Ç Ä Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ GHO PXQGR \ DVXPLU OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD H[LJH FRPSUHQGHU ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR Ù Ç OD WDUHD GH KDFHUVH DXWRU \ GH DFWXDU UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWH HQ HVH FRQWH[WR DVXPLHQGR QRVyORDFWRUGHVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRV<VLHVWRVHDSOLFD UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWHHOFRPSURPLVRGHUHODFLyQHQWUHHO\RHO D ORV SXHEORV HO GHVDUUROOR VH FRQYLHUWH HQ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQGHVGHODHVFXHODDWHQGLHQGRDORVSULQFLSLRVGH RWUR\ORRWURHQHOPDUFRWHUULWRULDOGHOSODQHWD ´ µ ¶ · ´ ¸ ¹ ´ <FRPRFRUUHVSRQGHDWRGDVODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHLPSOLFDQ LQQRYDFLyQSRUTXHHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVGHSHQGHGHO HMH³FRQRFHUHGXFDULQQRYDU´ FRQRFLPLHQWR \ DFFLyQ FRQFRUGDQFLD GH YDORUHV \ (VSUHFLVRHVWXGLDUODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHVGHOD HGXFDQGR DFHSWH HO YDORU GH DOJR \ OR UHDOLFH GH PRGR SHUVSHFWLYDGHODHGXFDFLyQVLQDQXODUODSHUVSHFWLYDSURSLD GH ORV SURGXFWRV FXOWXUDOHV GHO GHVDUUROOR 3DUD QRVRWURV ´ KD\ XQ SUREOHPD HQ OD ³ SHUVRQDO QR FRQVLVWH HQ KDFHUOHFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVUHWyULFDV VREUHORVEHQH¿FLRVGHXQYDORUVLQRHQKDFHUOHGHVFXEULU LQWHOHFWXDOTXHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQHOFRQWHQLGRHVSHFt¿FRGH ORJUDU GHSHQGH GH VX FDSDFLGDG SDUD DFHSWDU HVH YDORU ODVWDUHDV\UHVXOWDGRVSURSLRVGHOGHVDUUROOR\VLQOXJDUD HVSHFt¿FR \ GH SRQHU ORV PHGLRV DGHFXDGRV SDUD UHLWHUDU · ´ È Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ ¹ ´ ¼ à · · Ç È È Ç Å ´ ¹ VHQWLPLHQWRV HO PRGR DGHFXDGR SDUD ORJUDU TXH XQ »  à  ¾ Æ TXH HO EXHQ UHVXOWDGR GH DTXHOOR TXH HVWi LQWHUHVDGR HQ ¸ GXGDVKD\XQSUREOHPDSHGDJyJLFRTXHQDFHGHODSUiFWLFD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR \ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR \D¿DQ]DUODFRQGXFWDGHORJURJHQHUDQGRXQVHQWLPLHQWR ¶ Ç GH OD HGXFDFLyQ TXH KDFH SRVLEOH HO HVWXGLR GHO iPELWR ³GHVDUUROOR´ Â Ç µ Ç Ç Ú Û ´ º Ç Ù Â Ç µ Ç µ ´ º Ã È GHHGXFDFLyQ<HVWR à QRHVEDODGtLPSOLFDDWHQGHUDODVWUHVDFHSFLRQHVTXHFDGD iUHDFXOWXUDOPDQWLHQHFRQHGXFDFLyQFXDQGRVHFRQVWUX\H HOiUHDFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ³FRQ´³SRU´ \³SDUD´TXHVHFRUUHVSRQGHQHQHVWHFDVRFRQHOGHVDUUROOR ¹ ¶ Ç ¼ ¾ Ü Â Ç ´ È » º · ¾ ¾ Ä Ú Ç ½ · Ü ´ Ä Ã ¹ ´ Ã Ã È Ã ¹ Ç Ç · Ê ¾ à ¹ Ù È ¼  ¼ ´ ¹ ´ È ´ ¸ à º ´ · ´ È Ä Ã Â Ü Ã º ¾ Ã È º » Ç · ¶ ´ ¹ ¹ ¹ ´ à » ·  ´ È ¼ ¹ Ã Ã Ö Â ¾ Ç È Ç ´ Ü · Ç · Æ ¸ º Ã È ¶ · ´ à  ´  à ¹ Ç ´ · Ç ¸ Ç Ç Â · Ã È ¹ ¹ ¾ È ¾ à ´ ´ ´ µ È ´ Þ ¶ ¹ Ç ¸ ´ ´ Ý º Ç · ¼ » Ý Ã ¾ à ´ Ø ´ · ¸ · Â Ç »  ´ ¾ È Ã È ´ · ¶ º ¼ Ç ´ Ç Â ´ ¹ µ à ¸ ´ ¾ º Æ ¼ ¸ ¾ ¹ È Ø Ç Ç ¼ /DUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVXQKHFKR\XQDFXHVWLyQGH GHUHFKRTXHLPSOLFDODH[LVWHQFLD\FRQYLYHQFLDGHYDORUHV FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ \GHPRGRVGHYLGDGLYHUVRVSHURDGHPiVHVXQHMHUFLFLR GHYROXQWDGHV\XQFRPSURPLVRPRUDO\DIHFWLYRSRUTXH JHQHUDO\iPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQYRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDO ORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHSRUVtQRPHMRUDQQHFHVDULDPHQWHOD 1RVHWUDWDGHDJRWDUHQHVWHDUWtFXORODFRQGLFLyQFXUULFXODU GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR VLQR GH LQVLVWLU HQ OD QHFHVLGDG GH FRQWHPSODU OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR FRPSUHQVLyQGHORWURQLODUHODFLyQQLQRVPXHYHQVLQPiV DDFWXDU 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 SRUTXHDVXPHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVFRQVHQWLGRGH I S N N DVXPLUHVHFRPSURPLVRGHPDQHUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO\SHUVRQDO N 5 DOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVVLQRHVWDPRVIRUPDGRVSDUD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ ODV VRFLHGDGHV TXH HVWiQ HQ FDPELR 3 FUHDWLYDVVLQRFRPRXQDQHFHVLGDGHVWUDWpJLFDJHQHUDOL]DGD V O L GHVDUUROOR FUHDWLYR TXH HV SURSLR GH ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV QHFHVDULDPHQWHSRUODIRUPDFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGHQHVWD FXOWXUDTXHDFDEDPRVGHH[SRQHU'LItFLOPHQWHVHFRRSHUD M a y o GHVDUUROORVLQDWHQGHUDHVRVWUHVFRPSRQHQWHVSRUTXHVRQ - FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD VL QR KD\ GHVDUUROOR GH V i r t u a l - A b r i l FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDSRUTXHQRHVSRVLEOHOD ³HOGHVDUUROORH[LJHSUHVWDUDWHQFLyQDWUHV · B o l e t í n HGXFDFLyQ³ · SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FXDOL¿FDGD \ HVSHFL¿FDGD SRUTXH ORV SXHEORV FRPR HVFDOyQ QHFHVDULR GHO HVSDFLR GH OD ¹ C I U D A D A N A FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ \ FRPR iPELWR GH Å HV XQD FXHVWLyQ IXQGDPHQWDO GH HGXFDFLyQ ¸ C O N V I V E N C I A 2 9  ´ L A · 'HVGHHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDODUHODFLyQ P A R A E D U C A C I Ó N ß £ L A Ó C O N V I V E N C I A Ò Õ Ò Ó Ò Î Ì Ð Ô Ï C I U D A D A N A à Ð à ¥ Ð Í á Ó â Õ P L A N E T A R I A Ð Ì Ô · 3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRPDQWHQJRTXHHVWHDUWtFXORVHSUHVHQWD P A R A Ï 3 0 FRPRXQGLVFXUVRLQWHOHFWXDOGHFRKHUHQFLDFRQODLGHDGH $EGDOODK3UHWFHLOOH0 ã GH YROXQWDGHV SDUD KDFHUOD HIHFWLYD SRUTXH VH FRQYLHUWH HQ XQD RSFLyQ GH SROtWLFD HGXFDWLYD \ GH GHVDUUROOR 3HUR OD SUHVHQFLD R DXVHQFLD GH HVD YROXQWDG VROLGDULD \ GHO ¸ ´ ¼ ¸ º ´ ·  » È º » · Ã È » ¼ º ´ Þ º Ç Ã ¹ ´ µ Ç Â · à  ¾ à ¼ º Ç Ç Â ¼ ¾ ´ ´ ¹ ¹ » à  ¹ à ¼ º Ç ¾ È ¾ Ä Ç ¹ ¼ à ¹ · ¾ ´ Ã È Ã Ü È Ç Ú Ã È ¾ å à  ¾ Æ ¸ Ê æ à  ¾ à » ¸ à 3DPSORQD(XQVD Ê OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ HGL¿FDGRUD PDU]R ä È ´ º è é Ã È Ã ê ë ì é ¸ ¼ · ´ é ë È È Ã ¼  ¾ ¾ ¼ Ç º ¸ ´ µ ´ à ¼ ¶ ¾ ¸ Ç º ´ È · è º ¸ ¾ Ã Â Ç Â ¾ Ü Ç È ¸ Ç Ã Ú È ´ Ã È Ê ¸ º · Ç ¹ »   ¾ Æ ¸ %XHQRV $LUHV ¼ N 5 3DLGyV ´ È Ü È Ç Ú í à î È ¾ » ¼ ï µ ´ Ç ¼ Ø È · ´ ¼ Ã Ü ¶ » ´ È ¼ Ç º Ú Ã Ã È ¼ ¾ å Ã Ã Â È ¾ Æ Ã ¸ Ü ð È ñ Ç Ú Ã Ã È ¾ È å à  à  ¾ ¾ à ¼ Æ ¸ %HUJHU 3 / \ +XQWLQJWRQ 6 3 µ ó Â Ç È º ¸ º ¾ ¶ È ´ ´ µ ¼ Ê ¶ ã Ç · à ô ¹ ¸ ´ ¾ Ä ´ · ¼ ¾ ¹ à ¹  » È º » · ò È Ã Ç Ú È ´ Ã È ¾ ¸ å à ´ È Â ¾ µ Ç ¸ » ´ ¸ ¹ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 %XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV ¼ Ç %XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV Ç %HUPXGH] 2 0 × » È º » · à ٠à µ Ú ¾ ´ ¸ º %RJRWj ´ 8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD %RUMD-\&DVWHOOV0 ã È Ã ¼  ¾ » ¹ à ¹ ´ ¼ ´ ¸ È Ã ´ · Ç Â Ã Ã ¹ È ´ Ù È Ü Ã È ¾ ¸ Ç Ú Ö Ã Ç · È Ê µ ã Ã Ã Â Ü ¾ ´ Æ ¼ º ¾ Æ ¸ ¹ ´ 0DGULG ¸ 7DXUXVHG %RUPDQ . 0 'DQ]LJ $ % \ *DUFtD ' 5 (GV (GXFDWLRQ GHPRFUDF\ DQG WKH SXEOLF JRRG ä ´ Ä ¾ ´ õ Ç Ö · ´ ¼ ´ à ·  ½ ¾ ¸ ´ ¹ »  à º ¾ Ç ¸ &RORP$ - 9ROXQWDULDGR \ VRFLHGDG FLYLO HQ HO PXQGRHVFRODU ç Ç &ROyP $ - ¶ à · à ´ È ¹ ´ ¼ à · ¹ Æ ¸ Ø ê ´ · · ¼ Ã Ç · È È · Ç È È Ç ¼ Ç ¼ º ´ ¸ ¾ Ú È ´ Ù ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ %DUFHORQD2FWDHGUR Ç &RORP $ - ³/D HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH´HQ$(VFRODQR(GLW é ¼ » ¶ ´ · ¾ Ç · Ù ¹ ´ ¼ à · · Ç È È Ç ¼ Ç ¼ º ´ ¸ ¾ Ú È ´ ¹ Ê »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ 0DGULG %LEOLRWHFD1XHYDSS &RUWLQD $ $OLDQ]D × ¾ » ¹ à ¹ à ¸ Ç ¼ ¹ ´ È µ » ¸ ¹ Ç I S N N %HFN 8 ¹ 3 RWUR\ORRWURHQHOPDUFRWHUULWRULDOGHOSODQHWD ¾ V O L UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWHHOFRPSURPLVRGHUHODFLyQHQWUHHO\RHO ¸ M a y o GH DFWXDU UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWH HQ HVH FRQWH[WR DVXPLHQGR ¼ $WWLQj) QXHVWUDV HVFXHODV \ HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG 6HU FLXGDGDQRV FRPR SUREOHPD LQWHOHFWXDO \ FRJQLWLYR VLQR FRPR IRUPD Æ $UEROHGD - & /D SHGDJRJtD GH OD DOWHULGDG HQ QHFHVDULDPHQWHSRUODIRUPDFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGHQHVWD FXOWXUDTXHDFDEDPRVGHH[SRQHU'LItFLOPHQWHVHFRRSHUD GHO PXQGR \ DVXPLU OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD H[LJH FRPSUHQGHU ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR ¾ ä (QXQSULPHUPRPHQWRHVQHFHVDULRDFRPRGDUORVUHFXUVRV /D FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR GHEH LQLFLDUVH SULPHUR HQ  $OWDUHMRV ) 5RGUtJXH] $ \ )RQWWURGRQD - Ç DVXPLUHVHFRPSURPLVRGHPDQHUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO\SHUVRQDO à 㠴 ç DOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVVLQRHVWDPRVIRUPDGRVSDUD  ÈJXLOD5GHO\9DOOHVStQ)(GV 0DGULG$OLDQ]D HOGHVDUUROORFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ GLVSRQLEOHV D OD QXHYD UHDOLGDG /D WDUHD GHO IXWXUR SDVD » - FRPSURPLVRPRUDOSHUVRQDOKDFLDHOODQRDQXODQLPHUPD ODIXHU]DGHODDUJXPHQWDFLyQUHVSHFWRGHODFRRSHUDFLyQ\ ¹ V i r t u a l - A b r i l WDQWRXQDGHULYDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOTXHUHTXLHUHFRPSURPLVR ´ %DUFHORQD,GHD%RRNV GH GpELO LPSODQWDFLyQ OHJDO TXH VH PXHYHQ DO DPSDUR GH FRQYHQLRVELODWHUDOHVPXOWLODWHUDOHVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\GH GHFODUDFLRQHV\SDFWRVGHEXHQDYROXQWDGVROLGDULD(VSRU à B o l e t í n ORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQXQRVGHUHFKRVQRYHGRVRV · FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGH 0DGULG E D U C A C I Ó N × Ç µ ¶ · ´ ¸ ¹ ´ · È Ã Ü È Ç Ú Ã È ¾ å à  ¾ Æ L A C O N V I V E N C I A 0DGULG ¸ XQLYHUVDO ä P L A N E T A R I A é ´ Ä ¾ ¼ º ì à ¼ ¶ à ú Ç È Ã ¹ ´ ´ ¹ Ã Ü Ç Ü è à 3 1 $OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO C I U D A D A N A · 'HKHVD* P A R A · ã à ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ ´ ¸  ¾ ´ · · à » ¸ º ´ ¼ Ç · 0DGULG Ç 0HVVDGLp *  +LGDOJR $ /HyQ * \ 3DYyQ - ö Ê ã Ã Ü ´ ¼ º ¾ Æ ¾ ´ ¸  ¾ · ò Ç È · Ü Ã Ã ¾ ¸ ¾ å ¸ ¸ Ã Â Ç ¾ Ä Ç Ã ¸  ´ +XQWLQJWRQ 6 ¾ Æ ¸ Ù È Ã º ´  ¸ Ç È Ç Ü è à ´ ¸ È Ã ¼ ½ 0DGULG3LUiPLGH ¼ º ´ ¼ Â È Â ½ Ç Ý » ´ ¹ ´ È Ã ¼  ¾ Ä ¾ È ¾ å à  ¾ Ç ¸ ´ ¼ µ Ù Ç » · Ã Ê ã à ¹ à ü ´ » Ú · ¾ µ ¾ ´ ¸ º Ç ¼ ¹ ´ È Ã ý ø ù · ö Ê Ã ¸ ¹ ´ ¼ ¾ ¸ Ä ´ ¸ º Ç · ¸ Ç ¼ ¹ ´ È Ã ½ » µ à ¸ ¾ ¹ à ¹ ò · à ¸ ¹ ´ ¼ ¾ ¸ Ä ¹ ´ ¼ ¹ ´ ü ý ø ù ö ´ ¸ º Ç ¼ ¹ ´ È µ » ¸ ¹ Ç 0DGULG $OLDQ]D Ê (GLWRULDO 0tQJXH]5eWLFDGHODYLGDIDPLOLDU\WUDQVPLVLyQ Ä ´ · ¼ ¾ Æ ¸ ¹ ´ È Ç Ã × Ç ¸ ¼ º µ · Ç Ç ¶ ¶ Æ Ç È È ¾ Ç º Ü ¾ ¼ Ç ¼ µ Ç GHYDORUHV ç 2&'( Ø ã Ç ¼ ä Ç ¹ ´ È ¼ à ´ º Ö è è é ê ë ì IHEUHUR é ¸ Ç ¼ ¹ ´ È Ã ¼ º ´  ¸ Ç È Ç Ü è à ¼ ¹ ´ È Ã È Ã V O L .\POLFND : \ 6WUDHKOH &K ¼ M a y o È ¹ - » ¼ û .XSHU$ %XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV  º 0HVVDGLp * E $LUHV3DLGyVHG à ¼ ´ é ODUHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQGHORUGHQPXQGLDO%XHQRV ã à ¹ V i r t u a l - A b r i l ´ ¸ 0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO û ¹ à 0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO à 0HVVDGLp*D ¸ ò B o l e t í n 'HORUV- 6DQWLOODQD8QHVFR é ¼ º à ¹ Ç Å ¸ à  ¾ Æ ¸ Ø ¸ à  ¾ Ç ¸ Ã È ¾ ¼ µ Ç ¹ ´ È Ã ¼ µ ¾ ¸ Ç · è à ¼ ¾ Ê ´ ¸ Ö Ç · µ à  ¾ Æ ¸ Ù È Ã ¼ Â Ç µ » ¸ ¾  à  ¾ Ç ¸ ´ ¼ ´ ¸ 3 Ê ¸ à ¸ ô È ¾ ¼ ¾ ¼  · è º ¾ Â Ç ¹ ´ È Ã È ¾ º ´ · à º » · à · ´  ¾ ´ ¸ º ´ 0p[LFR81$0 ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ Ê ç ã Ã Â Ç µ ¶ È ´ Û ¾ ¹ à ¹ à µ Ú ¾ ´ ¸ º Ã È Ê 0p[LFR6LJOR /HVVQRII0+/D¿ORVRItDSROtWLFDGHOVLJOR;; È ´ º è é ê ë ì é ¸ 3pUH] 'tD] 9 *OREDOL]DFLyQ \ OLEHUWDG HQ ( 0RULQ53HWUHOOD6*HRUJH61DwU93pUH] 0DGULG$NDO 'tD] , 5DPRQD \ ( 7UtDV &ROHFFLyQ &LHQFLDV 6RFLDOHV ê ´ þ » /HVVQRII0+/D¿ORVRItDSROtWLFDGHOVLJOR;; ¸ ¹ ¾ Ã È ¾ å à  ¾ Æ ¼ Ã Ö è Ç ¼ ¹ ´ È Ã ¸ &XDGHUQRV0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ0%RWtQSS 0DGULG$NDO /pYLQDV ( eWLFD H LQ¿QLWR 0DGULG$ 0DFKDGR /LEURV 5RGUtJXH]$ %HUQDO$ \ 8USL & 5HWRV GH OD HGXFDFLyQVRFLDO3DPSORQD(GLFLRQHV(XQDWH /LPyQ ' é ì Â Ç Â ¾ » ¹ à ¹ à ¸ è Ã Ê Ã · º ¾  ¾ ¶ à · ¶ à · à 5RPD - *ULMDOER ÿ Â Ç ¸ ¼ º · » ¾ · » ¸ à ¼ Ç Â ¾ ´ ¹ à ¹ ¼ » ¼ º ´ ¸ º Ã Ú È ´ 6HYLOOD Ê 'LSXWDFLyQGH6HYLOOD Ã Ý » ´ Ã È Ã Ü 5RPD\%HFDUtD-0 ã 0DUJOLQ 6 7KH &XOWXUH RI (FRQRPLFV Ç Â ¾ ´ ¹ à ¹ Ã Ú ¾ ´ · º Ã Ø ´ Ü Â È Ç È Ç º » Ú Ú Ã · È Ã Ã È ¾ ¾ å ¼ à ¶ å  à à  ¾ · ¾ Æ Ã Æ %DUFHORQD ¸ ´ ¸ ¼ Ø º ¾ Ç ¸ ¼ º µ ¾ ¾ Ü ´ µ · ¶ Ã Â Ç ¾ ¼ Æ Ê ¸ Ø ê ´ Ä ´ È Ç ¶ µ ´ ¸ µ 0DUWLQ % (VWXGLRV GH ODV SROtWLFDV FLHQWt¿FDV Ù ¹ ´ ¾ ¸ ¸ Ç Ä Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ 6DQWLDJR )XQGDFLyQ &DL[D º í î » ï ½ ´ µ Ç ¼ à ¶ · ´ ¸ ¹ ¾ ¹ Ç ´ ¸ ø ù » È º ¾  » È º » · Ã È ¾ ¼ µ Ç Ê *DOLFLD 6DXFD-0\:HQFHV0,(GV ã ,QVWLWXWR GH JHVWLyQ GH OD LQQRYDFLyQ \ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR 8QLYHUVLGDG 3ROLWpFQLFD GH 9DOHQFLD à ú Ç ¼ ´  º » · à ¼ ¹ ´ È Ã ÷ ð ¼ Ç º ´ Â Ç ¾ ´ · ¹ è à à ¹ KWWSZZZLQJHQLRXSYHV ë ¸ Ä ´ ¼ º ¾ Ü Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ Ø ¾ ¸ ¸ Ç Ä Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ Ù %DUFHORQD 2UELV %LEOLRWHFD GH (FRQRPtD(VSDxROD º ´  ¸ Ç È Ç Ü è à 0HGLQD 5XELR 5 /RV 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV \ OD (GXFDFLyQ HQ ORV YDORUHV GH XQD FLXGDGDQtD ¾ Ä ¾ È Ê ¸ µ à ¶ Ã Â Ç ¸ º ´ µ ¶ Ç · ô ¸ ´ Ç ¹ ´ ¼ » ¼ $FWDV GHO &RQJUHVR 6,' PXQGLDO GH OD 6RFLHGDG ,QWHUQDFLRQDO SDUD HO í 0DUWtQ & \ RWURV  0DGULG7URWWD ¼ î » ï Ü È Ç Ú Ã È ¾ å à  ¾ Æ ¸ ð 'HVDUUROOR 6DQWLDJR GH &RPSRVWHOD ;XQWD GH *DOLFLD 6WLJOLW]- é 7DXUXV È µ Ã È ´ ¼ º à · ¹ ´ È Ã Ü È Ç Ú Ã È ¾ å à  ¾ Æ ¸ 0DGULG 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 /HII( ;;, ä Ç I S N N 2UWHJD3(GXFDUHQODDOWHULGDG PDU]R N 5 0DGULG0(&'2&'( ÷ E D U C A C I Ó N È Ç Ú Ã È ¾ å à C O N V I V E N C I A C I U D A D A N A .ULVWHQVHQ(GV P L A N E T A R I A ë × Â ¾ Æ Æ µ Ç ½ à  ´ · Ý » ´ Ö » ¸  ¾ Ç ¸ ´ È Ã 0DGULG7DXUXV ¸ ´ ¾ ¸ ¸ Ç Ä Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ ¸ Ä ´ ¼ º ¾ Ü Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ Ø ¹ ´ ¼ ´ ¸ Ä Ç È Ä ´ µ ´ ¸ º Ç 3 2 Ü L A · 6WLJOLW] - P A R A 6DQWLDJR8VFSS Ê · í î » ï ´ ¼ È Ã ¹ ´ µ Ç Â · à  ¾ à ð 7RXULxiQ-0(OGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFRPRREMHWLYR 8QD SHUVSHFWLYD SHGDJyJLFD ´ Ç · è à ¹ ´ È Ã ä ´ 7RXULxiQ-0'HUHFKRVKXPDQRV\HGXFDFLyQSDUD HOGHVDUUROOR ä é Ä ¾ ¼ º »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ ¼ ¶ à ú Ç È Ã ¹ ´ ´ ¹ Ã Ü Ç Ü è 7RXULxiQ-0D*OREDOL]DFLyQ\GHVDUUROORXQUHWR ,EHURDPHULFDQDGH-HIHVGH(VWDGR\GH*RELHUQR Ç è  » µ ´ ¸ º Ç ¼ ¹ ´ SS à à ¾ ¸ º ´ · » ¸ ¾ Ä ´ · ¼ ¾ º à · ¾ à é Ä ¾ ¼ º ê ÷ ç Ã × ´ (GXFDFLyQ 7RXULxiQ - 0 E (GXFDFLyQ SDUD HO FRQVXPR (GXFDFLyQ;;*UXSR6, 7( (GXFDFLyQ ´ LQQRYDFLyQHPSUHQGHUODWDUHDGHVHUDXWRU\QR SROtWLFDV UHJLRQDOHV \ GHVDUUROOR GH SODQHV HVWUDWpJLFRV GH ,'7 HQ - 0 7RXULxiQ \ $ VyOR DFWRU GH VXV SURSLRV SUR\HFWRV *UXSR 6, 7((GXFDFLyQ ¸ Ä ´ ¼ º ¾ Ü Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ Ä Ä ¾ ¼ º ä à  ¾ Æ OD FRQFLHQFLD PRUDO ¸ ´ ¸ ´ Ç · ¼ º à ¾ ¸ º ´ · » ¸ ¾ Ä ´ · ¼ ¾ º à · ¾ à è à ¹ ´ È Ã ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ à \ ORFDOLGDG HVWUDWHJLDV GH HQFXHQWUR SDUD OD HGXFDFLyQ Ä ¾ ¼ º à ¹ ´ ¾ ¸ Ä ´  º » Ã È Ç · ¹ Æ ¸ 7RXULxiQ-0E/DHGXFDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDXQUHWR  º ¾ Ä ¾ ¹ à ¹ Â Ç µ ó ¸ ¾ GH OD VRFLHGDG GLJLWDO HQ OD HVFXHOD ´ È Ã ú Ç È Ã ¹ ´ ´ ¹ Ã Ü Ç Ü è ´ Ä ¾ ¼ º ¾ ¸ º 7RXULxiQ-0D/DHGXFDFLyQLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRPR HMHUFLFLR GH HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV · ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ é ¼ º » ¹ ¾ Ç ¼ -XQLR é Ú Â ¾ Æ ¸ Ä ¾ ¼ º à ¹ ´ Ø º ¾ Ü Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ ´ ¸ ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ ¸ 7RXULxiQ-09DORUHV\FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQD XQD UHVSRQVDELOLGDG GH IRUPDFLyQ FRPSDUWLGD )HFKD \ GHULYDGD º ´ · Ä ´ ¸  ¾ Æ ´ ê Æ · ¸ ¸ à ¹ ´ Ù ´ ´ È ´ ¼ º µ ô ´ È ¸ º Ç Ã ´ ¼ ´ ¼ ¹ º » ·  » à  º  » ¾ · Æ ¸ Ã È Ê ´ ¼ $&RUXxD1HWELEOR ¸ ORPLVPRGHVGHODPLUDGDSHGDJyJLFD(OUHWR à à GH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH iPELWRV GH HGXFDFLyQ IHEUHUR ä Ç Ç Ã 7RXULxiQ-0E&RQRFHUHQVHxDU\HGXFDUQRVRQ ì à ¸ £ ¹ ç ¼ ¼ 7RXULxiQ - 0 D ä ¶ Â Ê ç ¼ » ´ Ê 7RXULxiQ - 0 D ,QWHUFXOWXUDOLVPR JOREDOLGDG é ¹ FRQ ODV iUHDV FXOWXUDOHV" HQ 6, 7( 'HVPLWL¿FDFLyQ \ FUtWLFD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ %DUFHORQD2FWDHGURSS é ´ ä ¾ Æ 7RXULxiQ-0E¢(QVHxDUiUHDVFXOWXUDOHVRHGXFDU 7RXULxiQ - 0 E 6RFLHGDG FLYLO \ HGXFDFLyQ GH Ä ¾ ¸ ´  UHGXFFLRQLVWD HO VHQWLGR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ ´ é Ã Ã È ´ º è é ê ë ì é ¸ 7RXULxiQ - 0 'LU ñ » ¸ ¹ à µ ´ ¸ º Ç ¼ ¹ ´ ¶ ´ ¹ à · Ü Ç Ü º è ´ ¼ Ù Ã µ ´ ´ ¼ Ç ¹ à » Þ Â ¾ Ã Ç È Â Æ ¾ Æ Ü ¾  ¸ Ê Ã Ê &RUXxD1HWELEOR 7RXULxiQ - 0 'LU ê ´ ¼ à · · Ç È È Ç Â è Ä ¾ Â Ç Ø ¼ ´ ¸ º ¾ ¹ Ç ç Ç · ¹ Æ ¸ ¾ SXEOLFDFLyQ$EULOGH 7RXULxiQ - 0 F 'HFLVLyQ SROtWLFD \ SROLWL]DFLyQ º ´ ·  » È º » · Ã È ¹ ´ È Ã ´ ¹ »  à  ¾ Æ ¸ Ù Â Ç ¸ Ä ¾ Ä ´ ¸  ¾ à FXDOL¿FDGD\HVSHFL¿FDGD&RUXxD1HWELEOR 7RXULxiQ-0\6iH]5 GH OD GHFLVLyQ FRPSOHMLGDG HVWUXFWXUDO GH OD GHFLVLyQ HQ SROtWLFD HGXFDWLYD HQ - (YDQV \ ( ¸ µ ¶ ´ ´ º ¹ Ç ¹ Ç Ã Ü Æ È Ü Ç Ü ¾ è Â Ã Ã Ù Ö Ç Â Ã È ¾ å ´ Ç Ã · Â è ¾ Ç Ã ¹ ¸ ´ ´ ¼ È Ê $&RUXxD1HWELEOR à ´ ã ¹ à »  µ à  ¾ ¾ · Æ Ã ¸ ¹ Ø Ã 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 ´ Â Ü HQWUH HO FDMyQ GH VDVWUH \ OD VLPSOL¿FDFLyQ ä » ¾ 7RXULxiQ - 0 D (GXFDFLyQ LQWHUFXOWXUDO Vt R QR ([LJHQFLDV GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD WpFQLFD 1~PHUR H[WUDRUGLQDULR ¹ º ´ 7RXULxiQ - 0 (GXFDFLyQ \ JHVWLyQ FXOWXUDO ´ ¼ ¸ ,*$&, ¹ ´ I S N N ¾ ´ ¾ N 5 ´ ä 3 ¹ %UDYR*HVWLyQGHSROtWLFDFLHQWt¿FD\UHFXUVRV 6DQWLDJR GH &RPSRVWHOD V O L 7RXULxiQ - 0 &UHDWLYLGDG HGXFDFLyQ H 7RXULxiQ - 0 E 6RFLHGDG GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ M a y o ê µ º - 3RQHQFLDV GH OD &RQIHUHQFLD FLHQWt¿FD /D+DEDQD&<7('<HQ Ç ¼ 7RXULxiQ-0D'HVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH\HGXFDFLyQ *UXSR6, 7( GH ODV SROtWLFDV UHJLRQDOHV GH ,'7 ,; &XPEUH ¸ ¾ ´ Ç Ä Ã ä  ´ ì à é Ê V i r t u a l - A b r i l ´ ¹ B o l e t í n 0p[LFR 7RXUDLQH $ )RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFDHGUHLPS E D U C A C I Ó N ´ È Ã × Ç µ ¾ ´ ¼ ¾ ¼ º Æ · ¸ à ¹ µ » ¾ ¸ Ä ´ ¹ ¾ · à ¼ ¾ È ¹ ¹ à ´ ¹ Â × » · È º ´ » à · º ¾ Ã Ä Ã Ù ¹ ´ ë ¸ ¼ Ã Ö Ç · · · µ Ç È ´ È · ¼ Ç Â ¾ 127$%,%2*5È),&$ þ ÿ Ç ¼ ï à ¸ » ´ È Ç » · ¾ ú ô ¸ ã Æ ¶ ´ å B o l e t í n Ç P L A N E T A R I A · Ö C I U D A D A N A Ç 0DGULG81(6&260)XQGDFLyQ6DQWD0DUtD 815,6' C O N V I V E N C I A 3 3 ¹ » L A · 81(6&2 P A R A û þ ¾ ¼ ¾ Ú È ´ ½ à ¸ ¹ ¼ Ê Ã ¾ ¸ Ü · ´ ¼ ¶ Ç ¸ ¼ ¾ Ú ¾ È ¾ º Ã Ã È ¹ ´ Ä ´ È Ç ¶ µ ´ ¸ º *LQHEUD 815,6'  ¾ Æ ´ ¸ ü ø ü Ê Ã ´ ¼ º · Ç ¹ ì ´ ¸ û ¼ ´ ú à ¸ å à  ´ ¸ Ä ´ ·  ¾ à ¹ · ¾ µ à · ¾ à ü ö Ê ã ¾ Å ¾ Å û ê 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH IRU 6RFLDO Ç ü ö ì Ù Ç Â º Ç · ü ý ö ´ ÷ ¸ ´ ¹ Ã Ü Ç Ü è à ¶ Ç · È Ã ¸ û þ ¼ ¾ ¹ à ¹ × Ç µ ¶ È » º ´ ¸ ¼ ´ ¹ é ´ à ¹ · ¾ ¹ ¼ ¶ à ú à ö Â Ç ¸ ¶ · ´ µ ¾ Ç ´ Þ Å ÷ ò ´ ¸ ´ Ä ´ º · Ã Ç · ¹ ¾ ¸ à · ¾ Ç ´ ¸ à µ Ú Ç ¼  à ¼ Ç ¼ Ê × Ã º ´ ¹ · ô Ü · à º ¾ Â Ç ¹ ´ ¸ ¾ Ä ´ · ¼ ¾ ¹ à ¹ û é ù ù ù ½ ´ ¸ ´ Þ º ¼ º ´ ¶ ¾ ¸ ¼ Ç Â ¾ Ã È ¹ ´ Ä ´ È Ç ¶ µ ´ ¸ º Ê ü ý ý ö Ê Ä Ã È » à ¹ Ç · Å Ã » ¹ ¾ º Ç · ¹ ´ ¶ · Ç µ à ¼ » ¸ ¾ Ä ´ · ¼ ¾ º à · ¾ Ç ¼ Ø SUR\HFWRV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ SXEOLFDFLRQHV FLHQWt¿FDV HQ KWWSZZZXQULVGRUJ%&%%KWWS3UR MHFWV$%&$%&%)%$(%"2SHQ 'RFXPHQW 9DOFiUFHO $ eWLFD SDUD XQ PXQGR JOREDO 8QD DSXHVWDSRUHOKXPDQLVPRIUHQWHDOIDQDWLVPR0DGULG7H PDVGH+R\ 9$5,26 &RRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR (QFXHQWUR LQWHUQDFLRQDOGH UHGHV \ FHQWURVGH ODVRFLHGDGFLYLOLEHU RDPHULFDQD 6DQWLDJR GH &RPSRVWHOD )XQGDFLyQ &DL[D *DOLFLDH,JDFL RUJDQLVPRVR¿FLDOHV\UHYLVWDVSURIHVLRQDOHV$XWRUGHPiV ¹ ´ ´ ø ¹ »  ù à à º ¾ Ä · º Ç è ¼  » Ø ¾ È ¸ Ç º ¼ Ù ´ · ü Ä ´ ¸ È Â ¾ Æ ¾ Ú ¸ · Ç ¶ ¼ ´ ¼ ¹ Ã Ç Ú Ü Æ · ´ Ü ¾ ¹  ´ à ¼ Ù Ã Ö · » · Ç ¸ È Â ¾ È Ç Æ ¹ ¸ ´ ¶ ¼ ´ ¹ ¾ à ¼ º Ü ´ Æ µ Ã Ü ¾ ¼  à V i r t u a l - A b r i l 'HYHORSPHQW ,QIRUPH LQFOXLGR HQ é Ù Ê - à ¾ · Ç ¸ ´ Ã Â È ´ ¾ ¼ Ú ¾ ¹ Ç Ê ¶ · » º · ´ µ à ¾ Ù ´ Ç ¼  à º Ç · » ¾ º Ã Ç ¸ Æ ¶ · µ Ç ¾ Ö ´ Â Ç ¼ ¾ ¼ Ç Ø ¸ ¸ Ã Ã Â È ¾ ½ Ç ¸ à à ¼ ¾ È ´ ¹ ¼ ´ Ç ¾ ¶ · ¸ ´ º ´ µ · ¾ ¸ à à ¹  Šà ٠ELRJUD¿DGDHQUHSHUWRULRVHXURSHRV\DPHULFDQRV(VFR · ¹ ¾ ¸ à ¹ Ç · ¹ ´ È Ü · » ¶ Ç ¹ ´ ¾ ¸ Ä ´ ¼ º ¾ Ü Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ ´ ·  ´ · à ò ´ ¸ ´ ä ¸ º ´ Ü · à ¹ Ç ´ ¸ È Ã · ´ ¹ ¹ ´ ¾ ¸ Ä ´ ¼ º ¾ Ü Ã Â ¾ Æ ¸ Â Ç µ ¶ ´ º ¾ º ¾ Ä Ã é Â ê ¾ Æ ¸ ë Å Ø ë à 3 ¾ · V O L Ç M a y o æ × û ÷ ´ ¹ à ¹ ¹ ´ ¹ ¾ ¸ Ä ´ ´ à ¼ ¸ º º ¾ ¾ Ã Ü Ã Ü Â Ç ¾ Æ ¹ ¸ ´ ´ ¸ × Ç Â µ ¾ ´ ¶ ¸ Ç Â ¼ ¾ º à ´ ¼ È ¼ Ã Ç Â Ê ¾ » Ã È ´ ¼ ´ ¼ ¶ ö Ø ´ ¹  ¾ ´ Ã È È ¾ å Ã Â È ¾ ¸ à · ´ ¼ º ô  ´ ¸ º · à ¹ à ´ ¸ ´ Ç · è à ¹ ´ È ¾ Æ ¾ Ä ¸ ´ ¹ · ¾ ¼ ¼  ¹ º º ¶ »  õ à  ´ Ú ¾ ¼ Æ ¶ ¸ Ù ´ · ´ ¼ Ç Ã Ç · ¾ ¼ è Ê Ã » ¹ ¼ ´ Â Ê È ´ ¼ Ã Ö ¶ » ´ ¸ · ¼ Â Ç ¾ Ã Ã Æ ¹ ¸ ¾ ¼ ¶ Û Å » ´ Â Ç ¹ ¼ à à  ´ µ Ü ¾ Æ Æ Ã Ü ¸ ¸ ¾ » Â Ø Ç Ã È è º ¾  à ¹ ´ ´ È Ê Ê º Ç » · ¾ ¸ à ¸ 2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6 ½ à Š¾ ì é È ¾ I S N N é ¶ ¸ à N 5 · ¹