Ser inÀel es lo de hoy - FES Aragón

!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
O !"#$%&#'(
!!!!!!!
!)$%&)%*'+'",-#+%
M !"#$%&#'(")*+#,+#,-#./0,1#2,-#3,45-1#."61(
P 71+8,(,+9:"#2,-#7*2:)1#$:09"-#2,-#;$
P <(/51#='&$#18(,9,#5->?:9"#"#"-/4+10#2,#;#@##
Q 1XHYDVHVFDOHUDVHQFXDWURHGLÀFLRV
R A,2")1)10#5"(?:9:5"+#,+#71+)(,01#7/B"+1
S !"B1("?1(:10#2,#$/+2"9:*+#91+#+/,C"0#9145/?"21("0
S %45(,0"#18(,9,#5-"+#2,#B,9"0#"#,0?/2:"+?,0
T !"#$%&'(")*/DLQÀGHOLGDGHVORGHKR\*
ON ."):0?("21#5"(?:9:5"#91+#!,6#D()>+:9"
ON A1+,+9:"#2,#2:0,E1#2,#0?"+20
OO +$,"-*','./01,'-)*.?(1F#G,-:10#A"2:--"#H"I/,?"##*
OM 7"45"E"#2,#C"9/+"9:*+
OM J,"-:I"+#4"0?1)("8K"0#6#9"(2:10
OU 2%"31'%1$)*7,+?(1#2,#A(>9?:9"0#A(12/9?:C"0
OP A(,0,+?"#A10)("21#5/B-:9"9:*+
OP A/B-:9:2"2#5"("#914/+:9"21(,0
OQ 45&%"31-&')*A,(:12:041#51-K?:91#6#-:?,("?/("#9(K?:9"
OR ./!&0'*1/-'
@+"/)/("+#L/,)10#@+?,(/+:C,(0:?"(:10#MNON
!"#$%&'#"'
()"*$#+"!,!-),%"'),.-,(&/)'0,!$-012"%'
!"#$%&'($)*""&$+&,-.'
!"#$%&
!"#$/."01&$2#$3-4&4."$2*"567.8$9.$:*'5"&
'"#&"$(&)%*+","&(25"&#$%;*7$%&'($<(".8$:*'5*=.9*
'"#&"$(&)%*./0),)1$&($)2%
!"*#$+&'*;"*$+;18$>;51("".8
'"#&"$(&)(*/"*3"1(&&%--%*4,1$)$5#)%,(2#:#$+*?1"&$%.'@'$/*79&A*'"#&"$(&)%*/"*'"&2)#)%1*(*-(*6%05,)/(/
B14#$B;1'$+*@-$>&78C-.8$<(".8
.7%8(/%*+","&(B14#$D7"1E;.$F*-G$!6*8
3)&"#$%&*+","&(-*/"*6%05,)#(#)9,*'%#)(-
3,%(.&,!-!$-$+&(!"'+-+(4$#"'#$+,#,5/)
2#$.7$H#$>1-,."5&$>*"46*$/*75*?*"6*$>&78C-.8
3)&"#$%&
25"&#$<.9"&$BIG.8$%;C".8
'"#&"$(&)%*+","&(B14#$%&'($J"*741'4&$/*-0*9&$+14&
'"#&"$(&)%*./0),)1$&($)2%
B14#$3-,."5&$H,*""*$+&'*'
'"#&"$(&)%*.#(/:0)#%
!"#$!*71.-$K.-C8E;.8$KC8E;.8
;"<"*/"*-(*3)2)1)9,*/"*=1$5/)%1*/"*>%18&(/%*"
4,2"1$)8(#)9,
2#$.7$H#$J."7*79&$2*4.9&$:L*0&--*
;"<"*/"*-(*3)2)1)9,*/"-*'?.
25"&#$F.7M*?67$+*N*.-$+&7$!.-0*9&
;"<"*/"*-(*3)2)1)9,*/"*6)",#)(1*'%#)(-"1
!"#$%.'@'$D'4*?1--*$/*-*8*"
;"<"*/"*-(*3)2)1)9,*/"*@50(,)/(/"1*A*.&$"1
2#$.7$H#$2*"567$O"518$B.I7
;"<"*/"*-(*3)2)1)9,*/"*6)",#)(1*
B)1)#%0($"0C$)#(1*A*/"*-(1*4,8",)"&D(1
B14#$3-141*$F."5L1."$K1--*'.=&"
;"<(*/"*-(*?,)/(/*/"*=E$",1)9,*?,)2"&1)$(&)(
5,%$&,-3$+-,#,5/)
J.4L*$ 9.$ 41."".$ 9.$ .9141I7T$ UV$ 9.$ N.,"."&$ 9.$ UWXW#$ <;,-14*41I7$ E;174.7*-$ 9.$ -*$ J*4;-5*9$ 9.$
D'5;91&'$ /;G."1&".'$ 3"*0I7Q$ ;,14*9*$ .7$ 3A#$ +*74L&$ /.4&$ 'Y7#$ :&-#$ H?G;-'&"*Q$ ).8*L;*-4IP&5-Q$
D'5*9&$ 9.$ 2(Z14&Q$ :#<#$ [\X]WQ$ .915*9*$ G&"$ .-$ !.G*"5*?.75&$ 9.$ !1N;'1I7$ P$ 91'5"1,;19*$ G&"$ -*
G "& G 1 *$ J D /$ 3 "* 0 I 7 #$ ^. - #$ [ _U ] ` W V ` a a Q$ J * Z$ [ _U ] ` W b` [XQ$ 4& " ". &$ . - . 45 "I 7 1 4&T$
9 1 N ; ' 1 & 7 * " c P* L & &#4& ? # ? Z$ :. " 5 1 N 1 4* 9 &$ 9 .$ - 1 4 1 5 ; 9$ 9 .$ 5 6 5 ; - &T$ [ V V W #$ :. " 5 1 N 1 4* 9 &$ 9 .$ - 1 4 1 `
5 ; 9$9 .$4& 75. 7 1 9 &T$a [ a _ #$:. " 5 1 N 1 4* 9 &$9 .$". ' . " A*$9 .$9 . ". 4L &$9 .$* ;5& " T$U W Ua ` bX#
B*$ 1 ? G ". ' 1 I 7$ 9 .$ - *$ & , "*$ ' .$ ". * - 1 8I$ . 7$ - & '$ 5* - - . ". '$ 9 .$ J &5& - 1 5& 0 "C N 1 4*$ 3 "0 &Q$ /3$ 9 .$ :K#$$
F & - 1 A* "$ d$ V ] V Q$ 4& - & 7 1 *$ <& ' 5* -Q$ 2 (Z 1 4&Q$ ! JQ$ : # <#$ W ] aXW #$ ^. - ' #$ [ [\b` V _ ` V _ Q$ [ [b W ` _ ] ` W V Q$
[ [\b` V a ` [\Q$J * Z$[ [\b` WX` b[ #$
!"
B14#$370(-14*$!;*"9&$2&7"&P$
=/)#)9,
B14#$2*"1'&-$D'4C"4.0*$+&9"60;.8Q$B14#$%;*7$
D'G17&'*$!6*8$P$3-.M*79"&$R;1"&8$S.""."*
6%7"&$5&(*/"*"2",$%1
B14#$2*"4.-17*$>&78C-.8$375&71&Q
B:>#$+*@-$:C8*".'$2&".7&
/."A141&$'&41*-T$:"1'5I,*-$>*"46*$S."7C79.8
3)1"F%*A*<%&0(#)9,
!"#$%&'()*#)&+#*(,)-''.,//0#1"23('04(5(2(6"#5%#(3537/#"'040($/8"&*'0#/!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!
"#$% &''% "()*% +,$*-.)% /"0*% 12)% +"#$.3% "% 4"% 5,$% 6)7% $+% 80"% $*% #)+*28$."8"%
4"% 2+*-2-,#29+% 8$% $8,#"#29+% *,/$.2).% :;*% 2:/).-"+-$% 8$% <:=.2#"% >"-2+"?% 4"%
@+21$.*28"8%A"#2)+"4%8$%B=C2#)D%E4%FF%8$%*$/-2$:G.$%8$%&H&'3%$+%$*$%$+-)+#$*3%
HOSUHVLGHQWHGHODUHS~EOLFD*HQHUDO3RUÀULR'tD]ODLQDXJXUyHQXQDHPRWLYD
FHUHPRQLD 3UHFLVDPHQWH FRPR HO FRORIyQ GH ODV ÀHVWDV TXH FHOHEUDEDQ HO
#$+-$+".2)%8$%4"%I+8$/$+8$+#2"%8$%B=C2#)D
(QHVHPLVPRDxRKDEtDVXUJLGRODLQLFLDWLYDGHFUHDUQXHVWUD8QLYHUVLGDG
D UDt] GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ GH -XVWR 6LHUUD 0pQGH] HQ HVH WLHPSR SURIHVRU
GH OD (VFXHOD 1DFLRQDO 3UHSDUDWRULD \ 6HFUHWDULR GHO 0LQLVWHULR GH
I+*-.,##29+% JKG42#"% 7% L$44"*% <.-$*3% 5,2$+% 12*4,:G.9% 4"% /)*2G2428"8%
GH FRQVROLGDU XQD QXHYD LQVWLWXFLyQ GH HGXFDFLyQ VXSHULRU 6LHUUD
WXYRODYLVLyQGHFRQFUHWDUORVHMHVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQORVFXDOHVIXHURQ
5,$% $4% E*-"8)3% "% -."1=*% 8$% *,*% 2+*-2-,#2)+$*3% $*-".0"% "4% -"+-)% 8$% 4"*%
M,+#2)+$*% $8,#"-21"*N% /$.)% $+% $4% 2+-$.2).3% *$% "8:2+2*-.".0"% /).% *,%
/.)/2"%82+;:2#"D
'HVGH HVH PRPHQWR 0p[LFR KD YLVWR FyPR QXHVWUD Pi[LPD
#"*"% 8$% $*-,82)*% 6"% -$+28)% +,:$.)*)*% #":G2)*% 5,$% 6"+% :".#"8)%
VX FUHFLPLHQWR \ GHVDUUROOR FRQVWDQWH 1XWULGDV JHQHUDFLRQHV GH
$*-,82"+-$*% *$% 6"+% M).:"8)% $+% *,*% ",4"*3% 4)*% "#"8=:2#)*% 6"+%
ORJUDGR PDQWHQHU HQ DOWR HO QRPEUH GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG SRU VX SDUWH ORV
"8:2+2*-."-21)*% 7% -."G"O"8).$*3% 6"+% $*-"8)% $+% 4"% :$O).% 82*/)*2#29+% /"."%
HQDOWHFHUHOSUHVWLJLRGHOD,QVWLWXFLyQ
/D KLVWRULD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG QR VH FLUFXQVFULEH D ORJURV PHGLDQRV
GHVGHVXVLQVWDODFLRQHVVHKDQFUHDGR\SXHVWRHQPDUFKDHVWUDWHJLDV
8$% *)4,#29+% "% 821$.*)*% /.)G4$:"*% 8$% 0+8)4$% +"#2)+"4% 5,$% "-"($+% "4%
iPELWR VRFLDO FLHQWtÀFR \ WHFQROyJLFR HQ YLUWXG GH VHU OD SRVHHGRUD
8$% 4)*% "#"8=:2#)*% #)+% :"7).% .$+):G.$% 7% :$O).% /.$/"."8)*D% P*-$% $*%
HO FRPSURPLVR TXH LQQXPHUDEOHV HJUHVDGRV KDQ IRPHQWDGR GHVGH
VX LQWHJUDFLyQ D OD 8QLYHUVLGDG KDVWD HO ySWLPR GHVHPSHxR HQ VXV
"#-2128"8$*%/.)M$*2)+"4$*D
3URIXQGL]DUHQORVRUtJHQHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH0p[LFR
$*% $+#)+-.".% 4)*% ,:G."4$*% 8$% ,+"% 28$+-28"83% "*0% #):)% 8$% 4)*% 1"4).$*%
*,*-"+-21)*%5,$%/).%8$#$+2)*%6"%8$M$+828)%$4%,+21$.*2-".2)3%1"4).$*%5,$%"K+%6)7%
ULJHQDODUHFRQRFLGDPi[LPDFDVDGHHVWXGLRVTXHHQSUy[LPDIHFKDFXPSOLUiVX
/.2:$.%#$+-$+".2)D
!"#$%&'%$()(%*(+,($-%.,%./01$'234
5,%6'$.72#$
89%.:%;9%<',+.$2#%<($71(%=(:2(&($1(%<#:)-,.)
! "#$%"$&'(')*+,($
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%&'#()*+,*"#+(%&(-&.,/0*#)#$(%/1*$%/%#(
0#)/#($*&2#3(4&$&"#)/.$&3
!
"#$%&'#($)($*")$+,-#(,$()'(.&/,',(
GH ORV 'LRVHV PHGLDQWH XQ
'%$#%'0&$+1-( '( */*( *&*1$0'*( %-+*1#/%2(
1&3-*( 4( $)$0$+1-*( '#5/&1$%16+&%-*(
RULJLQDOHV FRQVWLWX\H XQ REMHWLYR(
UHDOL]DGR JUDFLDV D ODV UHFRQVWUXF
%&-+$*( 3&#1/')$*( ,$( $,&7&%'%&-+$*(
"#$8&*"9+&%'*:( 0/#')$*:( -;<$1-*( ,$(
%$#90&%'(4($+1$##'0&$+1-*:("#-,/%1-(
GHO DFXHUGR GH FRODERUDFLyQ YLJHQWH
HQWUH OD )(6 $UDJyQ \ HO ,QVWLWXWR
1DFLRQDO GH $QWURSRORJtD H +LVWRULD
=>?!@A:( %-&+%&,&$#-+( $*"$%&')&*1'*(
GXUDQWHODV9,-RUQDGDV3HUPDQHQWHV
GH $UTXHRORJtD RUJDQL]DGDV
"-#( )'( .--#,&+'%&6+( ?'%&-+')( ,$(
$UTXHRORJtD\OD'LUHFFLyQGH(VWXGLRV
$UTXHROyJLFRV'($
B-*( #$*/)1',-*( 4( $C"$#&$+%&'*( ,$(
$*1'( %--"$#'%&6+:( %-+( "-%-( 09*( ,$(
,-*( 'D-*( ,$( $C&*1$+%&':( 7/$#-+( 1'+(
JUDWLÀFDQWHV SDUD DPEDV LQVWLWXFLR
QHV TXH HO $UTOJR ,JQDFLR 5RGUtJXH]
*DUFtD LQYHVWLJDGRU GH OD '($ \ HO
$UT 5REHUWR 3OLHJR 0DUWtQH] MHIH(
GH VHFFLyQ DFDGpPLFD GH OD 'LYLVLyQ
GH +XPDQLGDGHV \ $UWHV GH OD )(6(
$UDJyQ FRQÀUPDURQ TXH DFWXDO
PHQWH \D VH DQDOL]D OD FRQWLQXDFLyQ
,$)( 1#';'<-( %-+( -;<$1&3-*( *&0&)'#$*(
GLULJLGRVKDFLDORVYHVWLJLRVLQKHUHQWHV
DODFLYLOL]DFLyQWROWHFDHVWDEOHFLGDHQ
7XOD+LGDOJR
"#$#%&'#(&)#*+,-.,#/0$.+.1
'XUDQWH !"# $%&'()*$+&&,-(# .,$*+"/#
0%# 1%'*,2+"&"(3# ")4%&*')# *5&(,&')# 6#
*%-$,&')3# %-+7$#$+%&'( &+&%&')( ,$( )'*(
DFWLYLGDGHV SURJUDPDGDV GH IHEUHUR
' ( + -3&$0;#$( $+( $)( !/,&1-#&-(
,$)( E/*$-( ,$)( F$0")-( E'4-#:( $)(
"'*',-( GH( ,$( 7$;#$#-:( $)( "I;)&%-(
%-+-%&6( ,$1'))$*:( "#-%$,&0&$+1-*(
4( '")&%'%&-+$*( ,$( )'( 1&19+&%'( )';-#(
DVLJQDGDDXQJUXSRPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULR
HQFDUJDGR GH GDU FRORULGR IRUPD
4( "#-"-#%&6+( '( )'*( "&#90&,$*( ,$)(
6RO \ GH OD /XQD ORV WHPSORV GH
4XHW]DOSDSiORWO GH ORV &DUDFROHV
(PSOXPDGRV \ GH ORV -DJXDUHV VLQ
GHMDUDWUiVORVFRQMXQWRVGHOD3OD]D
J$*1$:( B'( K$+1&))':( F$1&1)':( !1$1$)%-( 4(
L'%/')'M
5HVSHFWRDORVPXUDOHVYLVXDOL]DGRV
$+()'*("'#$,$*(,$()'*(%-+*1#/%%&-+$*(
DQFHVWUDOHVHO',,UiQ)ORUHV2YLHGR
GRFHQWH GH 'LVHxR ,QGXVWULDO GH OD
)(6 $UDJyQ H[SOLFy TXH HO SURFHVR
GH HODERUDFLyQ GRQGH VH XWLOL]y HO
SURJUDPD GH FyPSXWR 3KRWRVKRS
LPSOLFy OD WRPD IRWRJUiILFD OD
GLJLWDOL]DFLyQ GH OD LPDJHQ \ VX
A casi tres años del
convenio entre FES
Aragón e INAH, éste es
uno de los resultados.
Fotos: Juan Espinosa.
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
HGLFLyQ GHÀQLWLYD JXDUGDGD HQ ORV
IRUPDWRV-3*R31*SDUDODSRVWHULRU
DSOLFDFLyQGHUDVJRVSRUPHQRUL]DGRV
!"#$!%&"'($)%%*&"!'#+*$(),-!'.
/0!12'3# -,# 4$&0)%%*5"# 0!# 1,(!6
$*,-# ,)0*&+*'),-3# ,-1,%!",0&# !"#
'!%)!"%*,'# 0!# +*0!&'3# 0&"0!# '!#
DSUHFLDQWH[WXUDVGHÀQLGDV\SRVLFLR
",1*!"(&'#0!#!'7)!-!(&'#!'#$!')-(,0&#
0!# -,'# ,%%*&"!'# 0!',$$&--,0,'# %&"#
8&'!$#93#4,7)!(!#0!#%514)(&#:(*-#!"#-,#
PRGLÀFDFLyQGHSDWURQHVGHPRGHODGR
GH ÀJXUDV KXPDQDV HGLWDEOHV 'V
;,<# =# >-,'?3# ,4-*%,@-!'# ,# -,# !0*%*5"#
0!#1&0!-&'#($*0*1!"'*&",-!'3#!<4-*%5#
2FWDYLR $XJXVWR 4XLUR] *DUFtD
FDWHGUiWLFR GH 'LVHxR ,QGXVWULDO
GH OD )(6 $UDJyQ D TXLHQ DVHVRUy
HO $QW )LV /XLV $OIRQVR *RQ]iOH]
0LUDQGD DGVFULWR D OD 'LUHFFLyQ GH
$QWURSRORJtD)tVLFDGHO,1$+
-&# %),-# 0*&# %)!"(,# 0!# -&'# 4$*1!$&'#
DYDQFHV DOFDQ]DGRV KDVWD HO GH
0*%*!1@$!#0!#EFF9.
8,$,#&%()@$!#0!#EFFD3#-,#4&'*@*-*0,0#
0!# %&"($*@)*$# ,-# !'%-,$!%*1*!"(&# 0!#
-,'# %&"0*%*&"!'# $!,-!'# !<*'(!"(!'#
!"# 0!45'*(&'# A)"!$,$*&'# $!4-!(&'# 0!#
&',1!"(,'# ?)1,",'3# 4$&0)%(&# 0!#
)",# '!$*!# 0!# !"(!$$,1*!"(&'# *"0*6
+*0),-!'# =# %&-!%(*+&'3# ?,--,0&'# !"# -,#
3LUiPLGHGHOD6HUSLHQWH(PSOXPDGD
DPSOLDURQORVKRUL]RQWHVGHOSUR\HFWR
?,%*,#!'(!#")!+&#&@J!(*+&.
B$,'# %)14-*$# -,'# 1!(,'# ,"(!$*&$6
1!"(!# !")1!$,0,'3# !-# CC# 0!# J)"*&#
0!#EFFK#'!#--!+5#,#%,@&#!"#!-#;)'!&#
1DFLRQDO GH $QWURSRORJtD OD HQWUHJD
0!# LFF# ,$%?*+&'# !-!%($5"*%&'# 7)!#
*"%-)=!$&"#-,#(&(,-*0,0#0!#-&'#0*'!M&'#
HODERUDGRV HQ DSHJR DO FRPSURPLVR
%&"($,N0&#,M&'#,($2'.
"#$%$&'()''#*+,$*'(-,.#-(
$/%$0(+,0.+.1)+',-0
2$%'#(-34+%+*$(-,(563+)'(
7(81#'9$(
(O RULJHQ GHO HVIXHU]R FRQMXQWR
HQWUH OD )(6 $UDJyQ \ HO ,1$+ SDUD
!A!%(),$3# !"# 4$*"%*4*&3# 1&0!-&'#
+*$(),-!'#$!%&"'($)%(*+&'#0!#-,#%*)0,0#
0!#B!&(*?),%,"3#'!#$!1&"(,#,-#CD#0!#
&%()@$!# 0!# EFF93# A!%?,# !"# -,# %),-#
VH ÀUPy HQ HO 6DOyQ 6LTXHLURV GHO
$OFi]DU GH &KDSXOWHSHF HO FRQYHQLR
%&$$!'4&"0*!"(!.#
$SDUWLUGHHQWRQFHVORVHVIXHU]RV
GHOHTXLSRLQWHJUDGRSRUDFDGpPLFRV
=# !'()0*,"(!'# 0!# /$7)*(!%()$,3#
'LVHxR ,QGXVWULDO \ 3HGDJRJtD VH
RULHQWDURQKDFLDHOERVTXHMRGLJLWDOGH
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHHQRUPHVLJQLÀFDGR
KLVWyULFRGHVSXpVGHDQDOL]DUODLQIRU#
1,%*5"#4$&4&$%*&",0,#4&$#!'()0*&'&'#
0!-#GH/I.
$GHPiV VH PRGHODURQ SLH]DV HQ
FHUiPLFDVLPLODUHVDODVYLVXDOL]DGDV
HQ IRWRJUDItDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ
&@J!(&'# ,"%!'($,-!'# !14-!,0&'#
4&$# -&'# (!&(*?),%,"&'# !"# ')# +*0,#
0*,$*,3# %$!,%*&"!'# 7)!3# ,)",0,'#
(,"(&# ,# 1,7)!(,'# =# %,$(!-!'# %&1&#
D MXHJRV GH PHVD FRQ PRWLYRV
4$!?*'42"*%&'3# A&$1,$&"# 4,$(!# 0!-#
!"#$%&'#( )%#'*+,-&-.3# !<4&'*%*5"#
SUHVHQWDGDHQHVWD]RQDDUTXHROyJLFD
'HO GH RFWXEUH GH DO 0!# !"!$&# 0!# EFFK3# !'(,# )"*0,0#
PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULD VH LQWHJUy D
)%#'*+,-&-./( &*,0-0( 0%( 1#2( 0*#2%23#
SUR\HFWRGHH[KLELFLyQGHPiVGH
SLH]DV GH HVWD FLYLOL]DFLyQ PH[LFDQD
0&"0!# +*'*(,"(!'# ,4$!%*,$&"# !"# !-#
)HVWLYDOGH6DQWD/XFtDFHOHEUDGRHQ
-,# H,+!# O!P*'# 0!-# 8,$7)!# >)"0*0&$,#
!"#;&"(!$$!=3#H)!+&#O!5"3#$!%&$$*0&'#
YLUWXDOHV VXUJLGRV D UDt] GHO SURFHVR
%$!,(*+&# 4$!+*&3# &$*!"(,0&# "&# '5-&# ,#
-,# 4$&=!%%*5"# ($*0*1!"'*&",-# 0!# !'&'#
HGLÀFLRV DQFHVWUDOHV VLQR WDPELpQ
,# -,# *"1!$'*5"# +*$(),-3# !'# 0!%*$3# -,#
LQWHUDFFLyQGLJLWDOH[SHULPHQWDGDSRU
!-#4:@-*%&.
Q-# CK# 0!# 1,=&# 0!# EFFK3# !-# 4!$*4-&#
GHGLFKDH[SRVLFLyQOOHJyDODFLXGDG
0!# ;R<*%&# 4,$,# @!"!4-2%*(&# 0!# -&'#
+*'*(,"(!'# 0!-# ;)'!&# H,%*&",-# 0!#
$QWURSRORJtD UHFLQWR HQ HO TXH
SHUPDQHFHUtD KDVWD HO GH DJRVWR
0!-#1*'1&#,M&.
8&'(!$*&$1!"(!3# !-# !'4-!"0&$# 0!#
!'(,#%)-()$,#($,'%!"0*5#-,'#A$&"(!$,'#
GHO SDtV FUX]y HO 2FpDQR $WOiQWLFR
=# ,$$*@5# !-# 4,',0&# L# 0!# &%()@$!# ,#
-,# %,4*(,-# A$,"%!',# ,-# ;)'!&# 0!-#
S),*# T$,"-=3# !-# %),-# !'# %&"'*0!$,0&#
FRPR HO UHFLQWR GH DUWH DQWLJXR
12'# 0!'(,%,0&# !"# !-# 1)"0&3# 0&"0!#
4!$1,"!%*5#0)$,"(!#4&%&#12'#0!#($!'#
1!'!'.
8,$,# EFCF3# -,# 1)!'($,# (!"0$2#
!'(,"%*,'# ,0*%*&",-!'# !"# -&'# 1)'!&'#
5LHWEHUJ GH =~ULFK 6XL]D GHVGH HO
GHIHEUHURKDVWDHOGHPD\R\
!"# !-# ;,$(*"# U$&4*)'# T,)# 0!# T!$-N"3#
/-!1,"*,#,#4,$(*$#0!-#ED#0!#J)"*&.
Juan Espinosa
Diseños del trabajo mostrado a los asistentes
de las VI Jornadas Permanentes
de Arqueología 2010.
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%&'()(*$#*"+,$'$#'
3-(0&(-2-&#$('.$,'
45.-6&'7-(2",'.$,'37 -#.)(*/-"'.$,'0,1(*-2&
B
!
Q HO &yGLJR
# G*/)"%# -$%#
'LVWULWR )HGHUDO
)87"# $,2("-"# $,#
Y L J R U G D W D G H O
0(*.$(#-9"#-$#$/2$#
" A ' 6 # " 0 " ( $ ) $ ,#
0%",2$".*$,2'/#
'(*$,2"-'/# # ?")*"#
$%#$/2"&%$)*.*$,2'#
GHUHJODVPiVVH#
1$("/#0"("#$%#)'&('#
-$%##*.08$/2'#0($C#
-*"%# 7# /8.*,*/2('#
- $ % # / $ ( 1 * ) * ' # - $#
DJXDSRWDEOHEDMRODSUHPLVDGHJDUDQWL]DUXQ
.",$5'#?',$/2'#7#($/0',/"&%$#-$#%'/#($)8(/'/#
$)',+.*)'/#"0'(2"-'/#0'(#%'/#)',2(*&87$,2$/6#
DVHJXUyHO/LF'DYLG*DUFtD0RWDPDJLVWUDGR
$,#$%#H(*&8,"%#-$#%'#I',2$,)*'/'#>-.*,*/2("2*1'=
"# $%"&'(")*+,# -$# )".*/"/#
FRQ ÀODPHQWRV WH[WLOHV
0('1$,*$,2$/# -$%# 0(')$/".*$,2'#
-$# &'2$%%"/# -$# 0%3/2*)'# )',#
($,'1"-"/# 24),*)"/# -$# ($)*)%"5$#
UHDOL]DGDV HQ HO FRQWLQHQWH
"/*32*)'6# 7"# ,'# $/# 8,"# 82'09"#
/*,'# 8,# $5$.0%'# *%8/2("2*1'# -$#
%"/# 0'/*&*%*-"-$/# "0%*)"&%$/# "%#
/$)2'(# *,-8/2(*"%6# *,2$($/"-'# $,#
HOFXLGDGRHFROyJLFRGHOSODQHWD
VRVWXYRHO,QJ*DEULHO6iQFKH]
$UUR\R JHUHQWH GH 'HVDUUROOR
GH$SOLFDFLRQHVGH*UXSR%$6)
$,# )',)8((*-"# 0%32*)"# )',#
DOXPQRV GH 'LVHxR ,QGXVWULDO
-$,'.*,"-"#!"#$%&'(#)*#)+,%&'
-' %&.#+(/&' *#' &"&(#)(%0,1,*%*'
#)' 1%' ,)*"&(2,%' *#1' .13&(,+/6#
)$%$&("-"#$%#:;#-$#<$&($('=
,-%*.+/0&(*12%'%+
"#$%&'($)*(+
'XUDQWHODSRQHQFLDGHQRPLQDGD4/5#)(%2,/&'%1'
46*,7/' 8,&+%1' *#1' 9,&(2,(/' 8#*#2%16# ",2$# "%8.,'/#
GH 'HUHFKR UHXQLGRV HO GH IHEUHUR HQ HO
$XGLWRULR -RVp 9i]TXH] 5DPtUH] SXQWXDOL]y
@8$6# -$/-$# 0(*,)*0*'/# -$# JK:K6# %'/# .$-*'/# -$#
FRPXQLFDFLyQLQIRUPDURQODVHULHGHJUDYiPHQHV
DSUREDGRVSRUOD$VDPEOHD/HJLVODWLYDGHO'LVWULWR
)HGHUDO$/')VLQHPEDUJRHQHOSDJRGHDJXD
-*5'6# $E*/2$,# *,)',/*/2$,)*"/# "2(*&8*-"/# "# %"#
)',<'(.")*+,# -$%# 0"-(+,# -$# 1*1*$,-"/# -*1*-*-"/#
SDUDODDVLJQDFLyQHTXLYRFDGDGHWDULIDVHQFXDWUR
WLSRVGHPDQ]DQDVSRSXODUEDMDPHGLD\DOWD
7DO FRQWUDWLHPSR LQGLFy KL]R TXH HO yUJDQR
OHJLVODWLYRGHODFLXGDGGH0p[LFRFLWDUDDVHVLyQ
H[WUDRUGLQDULDHOGHIHEUHURFRQODÀQDOLGDGGH
FRQFUHWDUDGHFXDGDPHQWHODUHFODVLÀFDFLyQGH
PLOUHJLVWURVHQHORUJDQLJUDPDGHVWLQDGRD
OD]RQDEDMD\RWUDVDVLJQDGDVDOVHFWRUDOWR
5HVSHFWR DO LPSXHVWR SUHGLDO H[SOLFy TXH
$%# /85$2'# -$/2*,"2"(*'# -$# -*)?"# )',2(*&8)*+,#
$/# $%# 0('0*$2"(*'# '# 0'/$$-'(6# 7"# /$"# 0$(/',"#
<9/*)"#'#.'("%6#-$#8,#*,.8$&%$6#0"2(*.',*'#@8$#
)'.F,.$,2$# $/# .'2*1'# -$# )',2('1$(/*"/# $,#
DOHJDWRVSRUKHUHQFLDV
>%# 2("2"(# "/0$)2'/# ($<$($,2$/#
"%# -$/"(('%%'# -$# "%2$(,"2*1"/#
-$# /8/2$,2"&*%*-"-# ".&*$,2"%#
FUHDGDVHQODHPSUHVDGHRULJHQ
"%$.3,6#-',-$#%"&'("#-$/-$#?")$#
DxRVHO,QJHQLHUR,QGXVWULDO
($/"%2+# @8$# $%# .",$5'# -$%# 8/'#
-$# 0'%9.$('/# ,'1$-'/'/# $,# %"#
)($")*+,#-$#"82'0"(2$/6#"/9#)'.'#
$,# $%# $.0"@8$# -$# 0('-8)2'/#
DOLPHQWLFLRV SRU FLWDU DOJXQRV
$5$.0%'/6# /',# ($"%*-"-$/# @8$#
%'/# -*/$A"-'($/# *,-8/2(*"%$/# $,#
)*$(,$/#-$&$,#)',')$(#/*#-$/$",#
/$(# .3/# )'.0$2*2*1'/# $,# /8#
-$/$,1'%1*.*$,2'#0('<$/*',"%=
B,# $%# 2(",/)8(/'# -$# %"#
H[SRVLFLyQUHDOL]DGDHQHO$XOD
0DJQDGH3RVJUDGRODLQTXLHWXG
-$#%'/#"%8.,'/#"08,2+#?")*"#%"#
1*"&*%*-"-# -$# 8/'# -$# %"/# &'%/"/#
-*/2(*&8*-"/# $,# %'/# )$,2('/#
)'.$()*"%$/# 0"("# $.0")"(# %'/#
0('-8)2'/# "-@8*(*-'/# 0'(# %'/#
FOLHQWHV LQWHUURJDQWH TXH HO
Juan Espinosa
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
$/0$)*"%*/2"# "&'(-+# -$/-$# $%#
$,<'@8$# @89.*)'# )',# %'/# 0$(C
58*)*'/#".&*$,2"%$/#')"/*',"-'/#
0'(#$%#0'%*$2*%$,'=
D!'/# 0'%9.$('/6# -$(*1"-'/# -$%#
0$2(+%$'6# ,'# -$/"0"($)$,# -$# %"#
DWPyVIHUD SRU DUWH GH PDJLD
$/# -$)*(6# /*# 2$,$.'/# 8,"# &'%/"#
R XQ HPSDTXH ELRGHJUDGDEOHV
,'# -$&$.'/# 2*("(%'/# "# %"# )"%%$#
0'(@8$# ,'# -$/"0"($)$(3# ,*# /$#
GHVLQWHJUDUi HVH PDWHULDO GHEH
OOHJDU D XQ OXJDU HVSHFtÀFR
-',-$#%"/#&")2$(*"/#%'#)',/8.",#
\VHJHQHUHFRPSRVWDµDSXQWy
B,# $/$# /$,2*-'6# $E08/'# @8$#
$%# "/8,2'# -$# %"# &F/@8$-"# -$#
'0)*',$/#"0%*)"&%$/#"%#-$/"(('%%'#
-$# %"# *,-8/2(*"# 0%3/2*)"6# )',#
"%2$(,"2*1"/#$,)".*,"-"/#?")*"#
%"# "-'0)*+,# -$# 8,"# .$,2"%*-"-#
0($')80"-"#0'(#$%#)',')*.*$,2'#
-$#%"#1*-"#F2*%#-$#%'/#0('-8)2'/#
7# $%# .",$5'# -$# /8/# ($/0$)2*1'/#
-$/$)?'/6# ($0($/$,2"# 0"("#
*UXSR %$6) HO FRQYHQFLPLHQWR
-$#%"#0$(2*,$,)*"#-$#%"#)($")*+,#
-$# 0('7$)2'/# )',# *,'<$,/*1'/#
*.0")2'/# ".&*$,2"%$/# 7# &"5'/#
)'/2'/=
Juan Espinosa
Ing. Gabriel Sánchez
Arroyo, Grupo BASF.
Foto: Juan Espinosa.
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%$&#'#()"$*+#()*(,#-*&#(
!
"# $%&'()*(# +,# ,-./+0(".,-1# +%$,".,-# 2# (+&0"0-3
WUDWLYRV HO 0 HQ , *LOEHUWR *DUFtD 6DQWDPDUtD
*RQ]iOH] GLUHFWRU GH HVWD )DFXOWDG HO GH IHEUHUR
FRUWy HO OLVWyQ UHSUHVHQWDWLYR GH OD LQDXJXUDFLyQ
\ SXHVWD HQ XVR GH HVFDOHUDV GH HPHUJHQFLD \ GH
FRQFUHWR XELFDGDV HQ GLIHUHQWHV HGLÀFLRV GHO FDPSXV
4(# $%"-.5/$$06"# +,# +0$7(-# %85(-# -,# +,8,# (# 9(# (9.(#
+,&("+(# +,# ,-./+0(".,-# :/,# 5,$08,"# $9(-,-# ,"# ,99%-;#
/RV FRQMXQWRV EHQHÀFLDGRV VRQ $ $ \ $ TXH
DGHPiV GH HVFDOHUDV GH HPHUJHQFLD HQ OD SDUWH PHGLD
$/,".("#$%"##$/(.5%#,-$(90"(.(-#,"#<%5&(#+,#(8("0$%;
"#$%&&'(%)
(O DFWR LQLFLy HQ OD H[SODQDGD SULQFLSDO GHO HGLÀFLR
$ GRQGH VH GLHURQ FLWD DOXPQRV GH ODV FDUUHUDV GH
&RPXQLFDFLyQ \ 3HULRGLVPR 5HODFLRQHV ,QWHUQDFLRQDOHV
\ 6RFLRORJtD DVt FRPR DFDGpPLFRV (Q HVWH FDVR ODV
&(,-.5(-# =/(+(9/',# >($7,$%# 2# ?50-.0"(# ?(&($7%1#
$%"-,@,5(-# .A$"0$(-# +,9# '9(".,91# -%-./B0,5%"# ,9# 90-.6"#
SDUD VHU FRUWDGR SRU HO 0WUR *DUFtD 6DQWDPDUtD
C"&,+0(.(&,".,# +,-'/A-# (-$,"+0,5%"# '%5# 9(-# &0-&(-#
SDUD KDFHU XQ UHFRUULGR SRU HO HGLÀFLR \ SRVWHULRUPHQWH
+,-$,"+0,5%"#'%5##9(-#,-$(9,5(-#+,#$%"$5,.%;
(Q VX LQWHUYHQFLyQ HO 'LUHFWRU PDQLIHVWy TXH HO
(".,$,+,".,# +,# ,-.(# %85(# -,# '5,B06# ,"# /"(# '50&,5(#
Comprueban funcionamiento
de la nueva obra.
DSUR[LPDFLyQHQVX3URJUDPDGH7UDEDMRSUHVHQWDGRDQWH
OD+RQRUDEOH-XQWDGH*RELHUQR/RVWUDEDMRVGHULYDGRV
GHODREUDVHUHDOL]DURQUHVSDOGDGRVSRUORVGLFWiPHQHV
,&0.0+%-1# ,"# ,9# (-',$.%# .A$"0$%1# '%5# # >5%.,$$06"# ?0B09# +,#
OD8QLYHUVLGDG\HOGHFDUiFWHUFRQVWUXFWLYRDFDUJRGH
OD 'LUHFFLyQ *HQHUDO GH 2EUDV DGHPiV VH FRQWy FRQ HO
YDOLRVRDSR\RGHOD&RPLVLyQ/RFDOGH6HJXULGDG(O,QJ
-DYLHU 3LQWRU +LGDOJR UHSUHVHQWDQWH GH OD 'LUHFFLyQ GH
D85(-#!E.,5"(-1#-/',5B0-6#,9#'5%$,-%#+,#$%"-.5/$$06";
*%+,-'(.()#-/,0'.0/.
Inaugurando la escalera del A4.
Fotos: Angélica Duardo.
0LQXWRV PiV WDUGH OD FRPLWLYD VH GLULJLy D ORV HGLÀFLRV
FG#2#FH1#+%"+,#.%$6#,9#./5"%#'(5(#,9#5,-',$.0B%#$%5.,#+,9#
OLVWyQ D ODV HVWXGLDQWHV 0LFKHOOH *XLOOpQ (VWHIDQtD 'H
3D]\(YHO\Q*XHUUHURTXLHQHVFXUVDQHOFXDUWRVHPHVWUH
GH'HUHFKR$OXPQRVTXHWHUPLQDEDQFODVHVVDOLHURQGH
VXVVDORQHV\DOSHUFDWDUVHGHODVLWXDFLyQFRPHQ]DURQD
('9(/+05#$/("+%#-/8*("#'%5#9(#,-$(9,5(#-/-#$%&'(),5%-1#
GRFHQWHV\DXWRULGDGHVUHXQLGDVHQHOOXJDU
&DEH UHVDOWDU TXH OD FRPXQLGDG GH OD )(6 $UDJyQ VH
YHUiEHQHÀFLDGDFRQHVWHWLSRGHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDSXHVHO
DVFHQVR\GHVFHQVRGHODVHVFDOHUDVVHUiFRQWLQXR\iJLO
!".5,#9%-#(-0-.,".,-#,-./B0,5%"#?%"-,@,5%-#I"0B,5-0.(50%-1#
&RQVHMHURV7pFQLFRVHOVHFUHWDULRJHQHUDO\HOVHFUHWDULR
(+&0"0-.5(.0B%1# (+,&J-# +,9# -/',50".,"+,".,# +,# %85(-# 2##
,9#@,<,#+,#0".,"+,"$0(;#
Angélica Duardo
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
)+$+*&.-02.$,&$)+'$-+('+'$=%0.-0=+)&'$
E(&$ D+/"%&-0&%".4$ ,&$ 677F$ +$ 677G4$
&)$ 0.-%&#&.*"$ &.$ 6HBGI$ ,&$ .0A"'$
,&'+#=+%+,"'$ &.$ -+))&'4$ =(&.*&'4$
-%(-&'$ <$ +/&.0,+'$ -+=0*+)0.+'4$
VHJ~QHVWDGtVWLFDVGHRUJDQLVPRVQR
JXEHUQDPHQWDOHV
>.$&)$D"%"4$-(<"$"1J&*0/"$=%0#"%,0+)$
+=(.*2$ C+-0+$ &)$ 0.*&%-+#10"$ ,&$
=(.*"'$ ,&$ /0'*+4$ )"'$ -".D&%&.-0+.*&'$
=&%*&.&-0&.*&'$ +$ &'*+$ (.0,+,$ #()*05
,0'-0=)0.+%0+4$-".D%".*+%".$%&+)0,+,&'$
-"#(.&'$ &K0'*&.*&'$ &.$ L3K0-"$ <$
!(1+4$ .+-0".&'$ )+*0."+#&%0-+.+'$
&.$)+'$E(&$&)$*&#+$,&$)+$&K=)"*+-02.$
'&K(+)$ C+-0+$ )"'$ #&."%&'$ ,&$ &,+,$
QR IRUPD SDUWH GH ORV SURJUDPDV
HGXFDWLYRV SRUTXH VH SULYLOHJLDQ
DVSHFWRVELROyJLFRV\UHSURGXFWLYRV
123#4$*+$*5)*"$+)6367)$
En México la explotación sexual
se incrementó en un 25 % desde hace siete años.
Foto: www.unicef.org/spanish/
!"#$%&#"'()*#+,+,-'
).($,/#0%1"'-).2#$'%"3#"/%$')"'
0,"+4)-,'025#",''
!
"#"$ %&'()*+,"$ ,&)$ -"./&.0"$ ,&$
-")+1"%+-02.$+-+,3#0-+4$&'*+1)&5
-0,"$ ,&',&$ +1%0)$ ,&$ 6778$ &.*%&$ )+$
9.0/&%'0,+,$ ,&$ :+$ ;+1+.+4$ !(1+4$ <$
OD )(6 $UDJyQ DFDGpPLFRV GH HVWH
=)+.*&)$ =%&'&.*+%".$ )+$ =".&.-0+$
!"#"$%&'( )*+,-&'( .( /,( "01/&2,$34-(
'"0*,/($&+"#$3,/(3-5,-23/("-(/&'(-36&'(
"-('32*,$34-(7"($,//"(7"(/,($3*7,7(7"(
8903$&:( *-,( 1"#'1"$23;,( 1"7,<4<3$,:$
HQHOPDUFRGHOƒ&RQJUHVR&XEDQR
,&$>,(-+-02.4$?%0&.*+-02.$<$@&%+=0+$
6H[XDO UHDOL]DGR GHO DO GH
&.&%"$&.$)+$0')+$-+%01&A+B
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
"#$%$&'()*)')+,-(')*
$&*./0)
!".$,0-C+$=+%*0-0=+-02.4$&'*+$&.*0,+,$
(.0/&%'0*+%0+$*%+'-&.,02$)+'$D%".*&%+'$
GHOSDtVSDUDSODQWHDUHQYR]GHO'U
-HV~V (VFDPLOOD 6DOD]DU MHIH GH OD
'LYLVLyQ GH +XPDQLGDGHV \ $UWHV
HO'U$OEHUWR5RGUtJXH]SURIHVRUGH
3HGDJRJtD\HO/LF2PDUGHOD5RVD
/ySH] HJUHVDGR GH GLFKD FDUUHUD
OD QHFHVLGDG GH FUHDU SURJUDPDV
DGLFLRQDOHV D HVWXGLRV OHJLVODWLYRV \
VRFLROyJLFRVSUHYLRVRULHQWDGRVKDFLD
$QWHHVWHUHGLWXDEOHQHJRFLRSDUDODV
EDQGDV FULPLQDOHV FRQ JDQDQFLDV
FHUFDQDV D ORV PLO PLOORQHV GH
,2)+%&'4$ -0D%+$ '(=&%0"%$ +)$ -"#&%-0"$
,&$ +%#+'4$ -"0.-0,0&%".$ &.$ E(&$ )+$
3HGDJRJtDGHEHHODERUDUSUR\HFWRVGH
0.*&%/&.-02.$ =+%+$ +="%*+%4$ ,&$ D"%#+$
WHyULFD\PHWRGROyJLFDLGHDVFDSDFHV
,&$ 0#=+-*+%$ ="'0*0/+#&.*&$ &.$ ,0-C"$
&'-&.+%0"$+$*%+/3'$,&$#&-+.0'#"'$,&$
&%%+,0-+-02.$,&$)+'$=%M-*0-+'$+1('0/+'$
HQ FRQWUD GH OD QLxH] PH[LFDQD
$JUHJDURQ TXH ODV GHSHQGHQFLDV
JXEHUQDPHQWDOHVHTXLYRFDQODHVWUD
WHJLD GH DWHQFLyQ D HVWRV VHFWRUHV
GHVSURWHJLGRV DO LQFHQWLYDU OD
-%&+-02.$ ,&$ +="<"'$ &DN#&%"'$ ,&',&$
XQD YLVLyQ JHQHUDOL]DGD VLQ DQDOL]DU
WUHVFDWHJRUtDVEiVLFDVORVSHTXHxRV
REOLJDGRV SRU VXV SURJHQLWRUHV D
*%+1+J+%$ &.$ )+'$ -+))&'4$ )"'$ #&."%&'$
0.*&%&'+,"'$ &.$ +1+.,".+%$ '('$
KRJDUHV D FXDOTXLHU FRVWR SRU OD
/0")&.-0+$ ,"#3'*0-+$ <$ &)$ .O#&%"$
,&$ =&E(&A"'$ .+-0,"'$ &.$ +-&%+'$
-+=0*+)0.+'B
:"$ %&-"#&.,+1)&4$ '&A+)+%".4$ '&%N+$
+*&.,&%$ )+'$ -+%+-*&%N'*0-+'$ =+%*0-(5
)+%&'$ %&)+-0".+,+'$ -".$ +'=0%+-0".&'4$
0,&.*0,+,&'$<$=%"<&-*"'$,&$D"%#+-02.$
GHFDGDFDVRHVSHFtÀFR
Juan Espinosa
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%&'&()*+,-$./"+'/0)
"&)-'%,&')(%1&2)
32/.%*/)4567!89)
"&):;<%*+)*+()/2$,(+0
!
Ordenadores HP, de 3I, monitor de
23 pulgadas, plataforma con 64 bits,
Windows 7, 4GB y 500 GB de disco duro.
Foto: Marisol Escárcega.
5
0(E/2%&/*%&-%(K(.#(L+,./1-7,(
4MN<(*-#,#(/()/&*-&(.#(#'*#(
"#'( OP( 1%")+*/.%&/'( ,+#8/'3(
TXH IRUPDQ SDUWH GH ORV HTXLSRV GH FyPSXWR \ ODV 1%")+*/.%&/'( )%&*>*-0#'( 1%,(
ODV TXH FXHQWD OD )(6 $UDJyQ
/DDGTXLVLFLyQIXHJUDFLDVDODV
&#1/+./1-%,#'(&#1-2-./'(#,(#'*/(
L/1+0*/.( #,( 0%'( H0*-"%'( "#'#'(
.#0(/I%()/'/.%9(
QM%( *#,#"%'( ;+#( #')#&/&(
R/'*/( #0( %*&%( /I%( )/&/( 1%,*/&(
1%,( ,+#8%( #;+-)%( .#( 17")+*%3(
)%&;+#(/()/&*-&(.#(0%'(&#1+&'%'(;+#(
JHQHUD HO SODQWHO VH UHHPSOD]DQ
#'%( ,%'( )%'-1-%,/( 1%"%( +,/(
.#( 0/'( "+0*-.-'1-)0-,/&-/'( 1%,(
1%")+*/.%&/'(.#()&-"#&(,-8#03(
TXHYDQDSRGHUXWLOL]DUDOXPQRV
GH WRGDV QXHVWUDV FDUUHUDVµ
FRPHQWy HO ,QJ 9tFWRU 5D~O
9HODVFR9HJDMHIHGHOD8QLGDGGH
6LVWHPDV \ 6HUYLFLRV GH &yPSXWR
/D )(6 $UDJyQ HVWi ELHQ
#;+-)/./(#,(#'*#('#,*-.%3(1+#,*/(
1%,( '-#*#( '/0/'( .#( L+,./1-7,(
81$0 HO 3URJUDPD 3& 3XPD \
0/'( )0/*/@%&"/'( ">'( &#1-#,*#'(
1%"%( 0/'( .#0( '/07,( S( :( T( .#0(
0/2%&/*%&-%( .#( -.-%"/'( ;+#( '%,(
GH~OWLPDWHFQRORJtD
"#$%&'&()*#)'+,&*+*
5,( 0%'( )&76-"%'( "#'#'( '#(
VXVWLWXLUiQ RUGHQDGRUHV GH
%*&%'( 0/2%&/*%&-%'( .#( 17")+*%3(
SXHV OD ÀQDOLGDG HV RIUHFHU D OD
1%"+,-./.( #'*+.-/,*-0( :( .%1#,*#(
+,('#&8-1-%(.#(1/0-./.()/&/(;+#(0/'(
QXHYDVJHQHUDFLRQHVVHLQFRUSRUHQ
0%("#$%&()%'-20#(/0(1/")%(0/2%&/09
L-,/0"#,*#3( #6R%&*7( /( 0%'( #'*+C
.-/,*#'( :( /1/.="-1%'( /( R/1#&(
+'%( .#( 0%'( #;+-)%'( +2-1/.%'( #,(
0%'( .-@#&#,*#'( 0/2%&/*%&-%'( .#( 0/(
#'1+#0/3( :( /( -,'1&-2-&'#( #,( 0%'(
1+&'%'(.#(1%")+*/1-7,()/&/(;+#(
HVWpQDFWXDOL]DGRV
Marisol Escárcega
RQ OD ÀQDOLGDG GH TXH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV
GH OD )(6 $UDJyQ WHQJDQ PD\RUHV \
"#$%&#'(%)%&*+,-./.#'(#,(#0(1/")%(0/2%&/03(
0/( 4,-./.( .#( 56*#,'-7,( 4,-8#&'-*/&-/3( 0/(
&RRUGLQDFLyQ GH 6HUYLFLRV D OD &RPXQLGDG
\ HO 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH %ROVD GH 7UDEDMR
RUJDQL]DURQHOGHIHEUHURXQDSOiWLFDFRQ
,152$'6GH0p[LFR$&TXLHQGLRDFRQRFHU
'+()0/,(.#(2#1/&-%'9
(QHODXODPDJQDGHOD%LEOLRWHFDGHHVWD
)DFXOWDGHO/LF*HUDUGR$UUHGRQGR6DQWLHV
1%%&.-,/.%&( .#( &#10+*/"-#,*%( :( '#0#11-7,(
.#(#'*/(#")&#'/(1%"#,*7(/(0%'($78#,#'(;+#(
ORV EHQHÀFLRV GH SHUWHQHFHU D ,152$'6
<=6-1%( '%,( 0/( /1+"+0/1-7,( .#( #6)#&-#,1-/3(
#,*&#,/"-#,*%(1%,*-,+%(:(/:+./(#1%,7"-1/(
TXH OD HPSUHVD RWRUJD DGHPiV GH SRGHU
DFFHGHU DO *OREDO (QJOLVK XQ SURJUDPD GH
LQJOpVGHQHJRFLRV
56)0-17( ;+#( /;+#00/'( )#&'%,/'( ;+#( '#/,(
'#0#11-%,/./'( )/&/( #0( &#10+*/"-#,*%( '#&>,(
FDQDOL]DGDV D HPSUHVDV FRPR ,%0 7R\RWD
?/,/"#63( <#*0-@#3( A#&%63( B-"2#&0:C!0/&D(
%( E#6"/&D3( #,*&#( %*&/'3( .#)#,.-#,.%( .#( 0/(
FDUUHUDDODTXHSHUWHQH]FDQ\DVtODERUDUHQ
+,(>&#/(/@F,(/('+'(#'*+.-%'(.#(0-1#,1-/*+&/9
E%'(&#;+-'-*%'()/&/()%.#&(-,'1&-2-&'#('%,G(
SURPHGLR GH GLVSRQLELOLGDG GH PHGLR
WLHPSRLQJUHVRIDPLOLDUTXHQRH[FHGDORV
"-0()#'%'("#,'+/0#'(:(#'*/&(#,(#0(H0*-"%(/I%(
.#(0/(1/&&#&/9(J/&/(1+/0;+-#&(.+./(8-'-*/&(0/(
VLJXLHQWHSiJLQDZHE!!!"#$%&'()"&%*"+,"
Marisol Escárcega
Alumno interesado en el trámite.
Foto: Marisol Escárcega.
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
6HULQÀHOHVORGHKR\
60% de los hombres son infieles, las mujeres el 40%.
Fotos: Internet.
!"
! "#$%&'("
# $ % & ' & ( ) * & # ) + , & - & * ) & ( ) - $)
.#/*.&#$) 0) &() -$) 123&#*$4)
&() -1) *1-52) 0) &() -1) &(+&#%&212) 0)
1%1#*&) 0) #&*.&'1#*&) '$2$*) -$*) 261*)
2&) *5) 3,21) 71*'1) 85&) -1) %5&#'&) -$*)
*&.1#&9)
:*)5(1)+#1*&)85&)%5;71*).1#&<1*)
<5#1() 1('&) &-) 1-'1#) ;51(2$) 2&;,2&()
+$#%1#)5(1)+1%,-,14)$'#1*)-$).#$%&=
WHQ DQWH XQ MXH] \ DOJXQDV PiV
*/-$) 2&;,2&() 3,3,#) &() 5(,/() -,>#&4)
SHUR ¢TXp VXFHGH FXDQGR VXUJHQ
-$*) .#$>-&%1*4) ;51(2$) -1) #&-1;,/()
($) &*) -1) %,*%1) 0) *&) *$*.&;71) 2&)
LQÀGHOLGDG"
?#1(@) ",''%1() &() *5) -,>#$)
0HQWLUDV SULYDGDV /D LQÀGHOLGDG \
!"#$%"&'&()#*+#!"#&)$&,&*"*-#&*'1>-&;&)
TXH OD LQÀGHOLGDG VH UHÀHUH D OD
UHODFLyQIXHUDGHOOD]RFRQ\XJDOHQHO
85&) 5($) 2&) -$*) %,&%>#$*) &*'1>-&;&)
FRQ RWUD SHUVRQD DOJ~Q WLSR GH
#&-1;,/() 1%$#$*14) ($) */-$) *&A51-)
*,($)'1%>,B()1+&;',31C)
D1)%10$#61)2&)-1*).1#&<1*)1;5&#21()
JXDUGDU XQD HVWULFWD H[FOXVLYLGDG
VH[XDO VLQ HPEDUJR DPERV VHUtDQ
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
;5-.1>-&*) 2&-) 2&'&#,$#$) %1#,'1-C)
(Q WRGD LQÀGHOLGDG LQWHUYLHQHQ
.$#)-$)%&($*)'#&*) .&#*$(1<&*E)
&-) '#1,2$#4) &-) '#1,;,$(12$) 0) &-)
;$%.1F&#$)2&)13&('5#1C
"1#1) G1#,$) H5%1014) 15'$#)
2&-) -,>#$) ."# &)/&*+!&*"*# +0+#
1&0&$")$+# /%+'2+)$+4) -$*) 6(2,;&*)
GH LQÀGHOLGDG VH GDQ PiV HQ
ORVKRPEUHVGHDDxRVGH
&2124)$)>,&()&()185&--1*).1#&<1*)
TXH OOHYDQ GH D DxRV GH
#&-1;,/()%1'#,%$(,1-C
"#$%&%'$()$*)+%,&)(-$()'$
,%./'$'0(1$*)23((3+)'
D$*) +1;'$#&*) 85&) .#&2,*.$(&()
-1).#$%,*;5,212)*$()-1)&-&;;,/()
2&-) ;$%.1F&#$4) &-) 2&*&(;1('$)
0) 2&*,-5*,/(4) ;51(2$) ($) *&)
;5%.-&() -1*) &A.&;'1',31*) 0) *&)
&(+#&('1) 1) -1) .1#&<1) #&1-) 0) ($)
D OD LGHDOL]DGD 2WUR HOHPHQWR
.5&2&) *&#) -1) .#&*,/() *$;,1-) 2&)
HOHJLUXQFRQVRUWHRSDUDHYLWDU
-1) 2&.#&*,/() .$#) ;15*1) 2&) -1)
*$-&212C
/D'UD0LUQD*DUFtD0pQGH]
SVLFyORJD GH OD )(6 =DUDJR]D
0) &*.&;,1-,*'1) &() #&-1;,$(&*)
2&) .1#&<14) &A.-,;1) 85&) -$*)
&-&%&('$*) 85&) .#$3$;1() -1)
LQÀGHOLGDGVHUHODFLRQDQFRQHO
2,*'1(;,1%,&('$) 1+&;',3$) &() -1)
SDUHMD OR TXH SXHGH UHÁHMDUVH
HQ HO FRQÁLFWR UHFXUUHQWH EDMR
&('5*,1*%$)&%$;,$(1-4)&3,'1#)&-)
DFHUFDPLHQWRVH[XDOUHFKD]DUD
ODSDUHMDODGHVFDOLÀFDFLyQ\OD
%1(,.5-1;,/(C) I&(&#1-%&('&4)
.#&31-&;&) &-) 2&*1%$#4) -1) +1-'1)
GH LQWHUpV OD GHVFRQÀDQ]D HO
&($<$)0)-1),(2,+&#&(;,1C)
D1*)#&-1;,$(&*)&A'#1%1#,'1-&*)
*&)21())&()2,*',('1*)3&#',&('&*4)
SRUHMHPSORHOHJLUFRPRDPDQ
'&) 1) 5(1) .&#*$(1) $.5&*'1)
DO FyQ\XJH )UDQN 3LWWPDQ
H[SOLFD OR TXH XQ KRPEUH LQÀHO
2&;61) 1) *5) &*.$*1E) J:*1*) $'#1*)
PXMHUHV VRQ VLPSOHV LJOHVLDV
.1##$85,1-&*) 2$(2&) %&) -,%.,$)
2&) &*'$*) .&;12$*K) 'L) &#&*) -1)
JUDQ FDWHGUDO HQ OD TXH GHER
&('#1#)&()5()&*'12$)2&)>&1','52)
#&3&#&('&4).&#$)*/-$)&()$;1*,$(&*)
HVSHFLDOHVµ
:A,*'&() #&-1;,$(&*) 2$(2&) -1)
*&A51-,212) ($) &*) -$) %M*) ,%.$#=
'1('&4) *,($) -1) (&;&*,212) 2&)
*&(',#*&) 1'&(2,2$) .$#) $'#1)
.&#*$(1C) G5;71*) 3&;&*) -$*)
DPLJRV GH WUDEDMR VRQ ORV
TXH HVFXFKDQ FXDQGR VXUJHQ
.#$>-&%1*4)*,'51;,/()85&).5&2&)
--&31#)1)5(1);$%.&(&'#1;,/()0)
pVWD D JHQHUDU XQ URPDQFH 6H
'#1,;,$(1) .$#85&) *&) >5*;1) 5(1)
13&('5#14) *&) 21) -1) *,'51;,/() $))
*&);#&&)85&)(12,&)-$)*1>#MC)
N(1) &(+&#%&#14) ;$%&('1)
TXH ´FXDQGR HPSH]DURQ ORV
.#$>-&%1*) .&26) 1) %,) .1#&<1)
85&)>5*;M#1%$*)10521).&#$)($)
85,*$)0)3,($)&-)2,3$#;,$4)2B<1%&)
GHFLU TXH VX HQJDxR PH GHMy
LQVHJXULGDGKDFLDORVTXHVHPH
1;&#;1#$(4)).1*1#$();51'#$)1F$*)
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
SDUDSRGHUDFHSWDUDDOJXLHQPiVHQJRUGp\PHUHIXJLp
HQODEHELGDµ
6H SUHJXQWy D OD 'UD 0LUQD *DUFtD FyPR SXHGH
LGHQWLÀFDUVH D XQ LQÀHO \ PHQFLRQy TXH HO DXWRU /HH
!"#$%&'"( )*( $+*,)*-+( !"( "#-&.+#( !"( /0+%( 1)"( 2/$"*(
UHIHUHQFLDDODIRUPDHQTXHFDGDXQRGHORVLQWHJUDQWHV
!"(./(3/%",/(!"0)"#-%/(#)(/0+%(/.(4/5(+-%+4/56(7*+(!"("..+#(
"#(".(!"#"$8("*(".($)/.(./(3"%#+*/(-&"*"(3+$+($+03%+0&#+(
"*(./(%"./$&9*8(3+%(.+(-/*-+(*+(#"(3%"+$)3/(3+%(0/*-"*"%./8(
ODSHUFLEHFRPRDOJRPRPHQWiQHR\WLHQGHDSRVHHUPiV
!"( )*/( 3/%",/6( :#-+( &03.&$/( 1)"( #&( ./( 3"%#+*/( 0)"#-%/(
3+$+( &*-"%;#( "*( ".( +-%+8( #"( 3"%$&'"( </.-/( !"( /-"*$&9*( =(
$+03%+0&#+8( "#( 3%+'/'."( 1)"( 3)"!/( &*$)%%&%( "*( )*/(
%"./$&9*(">-%/0/%&-/.6(((
WpUPLQRVGHPDQWHQHUHQVHFUHWRODLQÀGHOLGDGGHELGRD
ODVHYHULGDGGHOFDVWLJR
3DFRVHGLRFXHQWDGHTXHVXSDUHMDOHHUDLQÀHO´FXDQGR
#"( $+03+%-/'/( "#1)&G/8( #"( '/J/'/( /( 2+%/#( *+( )#)/."#8(
VHQHJDEDDWHQHUVH[RHVWDEDGHPDVLDGRSHQGLHQWHGHO
$".)./%8($+*-"#-/'/(!"(&*0"!&/-+8(2/'./'/("*(0+*+#I./'+#(
\ORWHQtDELHQJXDUGDGRSDUDTXHQRPLUDUDODVOODPDGDV
\PHQVDMHVµ
¢/DLQÀGHOLGDGSXHGHFRQVROLGDU%
)3%1,*2&1#'&#4
:.( .&'%+% &'(% )"(#*% *% +(% ,*-.% /0+*% 1*+23% "42% 5"(42%
GHFLVLyQUHVSHFWRDVXUHODFLyQGHSDUHMDGH'LDQQH5HDYLV
2FFKHWWL H[SOLFD TXH FXDQGR XQ LQWHJUDQWH GH OD SDUHMD
GHVFXEUH OD LQÀGHOLGDG SULPHUR GHEH HQIUHQWDU HO GRORU
"#$%&'#()'*)%+,-*,%./)%-)%0)1/)-*2)%
\ OD WUDLFLyQ UHÁH[LRQDU \ HYDOXDU HO PDWULPRQLR /DV
3#%(#'*2,2&#
UHODFLRQHV H[WUDPDULWDOHV WLHQGHQ D HVWDEOHFHU XQ MXHJR
8QDWUDLFLyQSUREDEOHPHQWHLUiVHJXLGDGHSiQLFR3ULPHUR GH FRPSDUDFLRQHV HQWUH OD SDUHMD \ ´HO OD RWUR Dµ (Q
VH WHPH VHU GHVFXELHUWR \ VH KDFH XQ JUDQ HVIXHU]R SRU XQ SULQFLSLR DO VDEHUVH HQJDxDGR HO FyQ\XJH FRPLHQ]D
LPSHGLU TXH HO LQFLGHQWH DIHFWH OD XQLyQ 6L OD UHODFLyQ OD HWDSD GH QHJDFLyQ HQ OD TXH HQWUH PiV WLHPSR VH
LOtFLWDFRQWLQ~DODSDUHMDLQÀHORIUHFHDVXFRPSDxHURDGH -/%!"( "*( /#&0&./%8( 0?#( !+.+%+#/( #"%?( ./( $+*<%+*-/$&9*6(
DYHQWXUDORTXHGHVHHFRQWDOGHJDQDUVXVLOHQFLR9XHOFD 3RVWHULRUPHQWHVHGDODDFHSWDFLyQGHODFULVLV\ÀQDOPHQWH
WRGDVXHQHUJtDHPRFLRQDOHQPDQWHQHUELHQJXDUGDGRVX /3/%"$"(./(.&'"%/$&9*($)/*!+(./(&*-"*#&!/!(!"(./(3"*/(#"(
VHFUHWR HO DG~OWHUR DÀFLRQDGR \D VHD KRPEUH R PXMHU %"!)$"(=(3+$+(/(3+$+(#"(%"$)3"%/(./(-%/*1)&.&!/!6
$OJXQRV SLHQVDQ TXH XQ GHVOL] YLHQH D UHIRU]DU OD
/3"*/#( 3+!%?( 3%"#-/%( /-"*$&9*( /( +-%+#( /#3"$-+#( !"( ./(
$%&#&#6( @/%/( A/%&+( B)0/=/( 3#&$+-"%/3")-/( =( "#3"$&/.&#-/( UHODFLyQ D WDO DÀUPDFLyQ OD 'UD 0LUQD *DUFtD FRPHQWD
HQHOWHPDODLQFLGHQFLDGHHQJDxRSUHGRPLQDPiVHQHO 1)"( K!"3"*!"( !"( ./( !&*?0&$/( !"( ./( %"./$&9*( =( !"( ./#(
2+0'%"("*()*(CDE8(3"%+(./(0),"%(*+(#"(1)"!/(/-%?#(=/( $/%/$-"%I#-&$/#( 3"%#+*/."#( !"( .+#( &*G+.)$%/!+#6( L1)I(
"#-/%I/0+#( 2/'./*!+( !"( ./#( $+*#"$)"*$&/#( 3+#&-&G/#( !"(
TXHDEDUFDHOUHVWDQWH
:*( #)( .&'%+( ¢3RU TXp VRPRV LQÀHOHV ODV PXMHUHVF8( OD LQÀGHOLGDG TXH VH UHODFLRQDQ FRQ OD DWULEXFLyQ TXH
*LVHOD5XQWHHVWDEOHFHTXHODLQÀGHOLGDGIHPHQLQDHVXQ #"( 2/$"( !".( 2"$2+6( @+%( ","03.+8( ./( 3"%#+*/( 1)"( G&G&9( ./(
2"$2+( 0)$2+( 0?#( <%"$)"*-"( =( ">&#-"( ./( 3+#&'&.&!/!( !"( SURPLVFXLGDGSXHGHYHUORFRPRDOJRSDVDMHURXQHUURU
!".( 4/5( +-%+4/5( 1)"( *+( G+.G"%?( /(
1)"( /)0"*-"( 3+%1)"( ./( 0),"%( 2/(
#)$"!"%8( +( $+0+( )*( "G"*-+( 1)"(
FDPELDGR GXUDQWH VLJORV VX YR]
!&+( 3/)-/( /.( $%"$&0&"*-+( !"( ./(
<)"( /$/../!/( =( #)#( *"$"#&!/!"#(
UHODFLyQµ
LJQRUDGDV R GHVDWHQGLGDV 6LQ
/D LQÀGHOLGDG SXHGH FRQVROLGDU
HPEDUJR DKRUD HV FDGD GtD PiV
./( %"./$&9*( #&"03%"( 1)"( #"( 2/'."(
SURWDJRQLVWD GH VX YLGD \ HQWUH
!".( 3+%1);( =( *+( !".( $90+8( /#I(
./#( *"$"#&!/!"#( 1)"( 0?#( 2/*(
SRGUiHVWUHFKDUPiVORVOD]RVHV
%"G+.)$&+*/!+( #)( ">&#-"*$&/8( "#-?(
*"$"#/%&+( &*&$&/%( ./( $+0)*&$/$&9*(
./(#/-&#</$$&9*(#">)/.6(
\VDOLUGHOHVWHUHRWLSRGHHQJDxDGR
3RU RWUR ODGR OD 'UD *DUFtD
FRQWUDHQJDxDGRUSDUDVXSHUDUOD
$+0"*-/(1)"()*/(!"(./#(!&<"%"*$&/#(
$%&#&#6
"*(".($+03+%-/0&"*-+(!"(2+0'%"#(
6L VH TXLHUH PDQWHQHU XQD
\ PXMHUHV LQÀHOHV HVWi PDWL]DGD
')"*/( %"./$&9*( !"( 3/%",/( %"#).-/(
3+%( ./#( *+%0/#( #+$&/.0"*-"(
&03"%&+#+( "#-/'."$"%( &*!"3"*!"*$&/(
HVWDEOHFLGDV 'HSHQGLHQGR GH OD(
\ DXWRQRPtD ORJUDU XQD EXHQD
$).-)%/8( ./( 0),"%( /!H.-"%/( 3)"!"(
$+0)*&$/$&9*8(/!"0?#(!"($+*#-/-/%(
#"%(","$)-/!/8(0)-&./!/8(+(GI$-&0/(
HO OD]R GH XQLyQ \ UHQRYDU ORV
GHO UHFKD]R IDPLOLDU \ VRFLDO
:*( "#-/#( $&%$)*#-/*$&/#( "#( Según datos del INEGI, en 2008 los procesos de sepa- /$)"%!+#(0/-%&0+*&/."#6
SUREDEOH TXH OD PXMHU LQÀHO VHD ración concluidos sumaron 81 mil 851 y se dieron 487
0?#( !&#$%"-/( 1)"( ".( 2+0'%"8( "*( divorcios por causa de adulterio o infidelidad.
Angélica Duardo
!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!'3+$%&')1(4.'%+*5(*1-(
'."6-1$()#(/#&#*71
!"#$%&'()#((*&#'%+,+)')(
#-(#.(/+$#01(2-)"$%&+'.
?
!
O /LF -RVp 5D~O $UPLGD
5H\HV 0DJLVWUDGR 3UHVL
*+#4+$ *+2$ F/076#'2$ *+$ 2"$
!"#4+#10")"$ B*30#0)4/'40="$
GHO ') \ VX 6DOD 6XSHULRU
-/+)+#4>$ +2$ %G$ *+$ A+7/+/"$ +#$
HO DXGLWRULR -RVp 9i]TXH]
5DPtUH] GH HVWD )DFXOWDG
2'$ 1"#A+/+#10'$ *+#"30#'*'$
,$-' ./01+"2*' ($3' 4/"56+*3'
7&+)$+2"&#&'8(9"+"#)/*)":&'($3'!"#)/")&';$($/*3;
/D MHIDWXUD GH FDUUHUD GH 'HUHFKR D FDUJR GHO /LF
*XVWDYR -LPpQH] *DOYiQ RUJDQL]y HVWD SOiWLFD FRPR
-'/4+$*+$2')$'140=0*'*+)$*+$=0#162'10>#$*+$2")$+)46*0'#4+)$
1"#$2")$'14"/+)$/+-/+)+#4'40=")$*+2$<3704"$C6/0)*0110"#'2$
PH[LFDQR 3RU VX SDUWH HO SRQHQWH DJUDGHFLy D ORV
')0)4+#4+)$ +2$ 0#4+/H)$ -"/$ 1"#"1+/$ '$ A"#*"$ 2")$ -/"1+)")$
E6+$1"3-+4+#$'$+)4'$2+85$')D$1"3"$)6$'-201'10>#$C6/D*01'$$
'-/"-0'*'$+#$2")$*0A+/+#4+)$1')")$8$'14")I$-/03"/*0'23+#4+$
+#$ 2'$ *+A+#)'$ *+$ -+/)"#')$ AD)01')$ "$ 3"/'2+)5$ $ =D1403')$
GH XQ DJUDYLR SRU SDUWH GH DOWDV DXWRULGDGHV GH OD
'*30#0)4/'10>#$-J7201';
1'&2.0')*($*+)*3$4*50678'%)
/DOH\EXVFDXQDUHVROXFLyQDMXLFLRVHQPDWHULDÀVFDO\OD
FRQVLGHUDXQDSXQWDGHODQ]DSRUTXHKDVLGRXQPRGHOR
D VHJXLU SRU OD PD\RUtD GH ODV HQWLGDGHV IHGHUDWLYDV GH
QXHVWUR SDtV (O RULJHQ GH GLFKD OH\ PHQFLRQy GDWD GH
%KG%$ 1"#$ 2'$ 1/+'10>#$ *+2$ F/076#'2$ *+$ 2"$ !"#4+#10")"$
$GPLQLVWUDWLYRLQWHJUDGRSRUWUHVVDODVRUGLQDULDV\XQ
-/+)0*+#4+;$
3RVWHULRUPHQWH HQ VXUJLy XQD VHJXQGD OH\ TXH
ULJLyDO7ULEXQDOHOFXDOVHUHHVWUXFWXUyFRQODFUHDFLyQ
GH XQD VDOD VXSHULRU yUJDQR VXSUHPR GHO 7ULEXQDO
')D$ 1"3"$ 4/+)$ )'2')$ "/*0#'/0')$ 8$ )'2')$ '6,020'/+);$ ?2$
GH VHSWLHPEUH GH HQWUy HQ YLJRU OD QXHYD /H\
2UJiQLFDSRUORTXHVXUJLyODQHFHVLGDGGHLQVWLWXLUXQD
MXQWDGHJRELHUQR\XQDFRQWUDORUtDSDUDDSR\DUHOEXHQ
A6#10"#'30+#4"$*+$+)4'$C6/0)-/6*+#10';
(O /LF -LPpQH] *DOYiQ FRQVLGHUD DO /LF $UPLGD 5H\HV
HJUHVDGR GH OD FDUUHUD GH 'HUHFKR GH HVWD )DFXOWDG
6#$ -/"A+)0"#'2$ 1"#$ 1"#"1030+#4")$ )"7/+)'20+#4+)$ +#$ 2'$
PDWHULD\DJUHJDTXHHVXQKRQRUSDUDORVDOXPQRVTXH
16/)'#$2'$201+#10'46/'$'-/+#*+/$*+$2'$+,-+/0+#10'$8$-/+-'.
/'10>#$*+$E60+#$)+$A"/3>$+#$2')$'62')$8$'9"/'$"16-'$6#$
'24"$3'#*"$+#$+2$)+/=010"$-J7201";$B*+3<)$+,9"/4>$'$2")$
+)46*0'#4+)$'$1"#)0*+/'/2"$6#$+C+3-2";
Alejandro Quiroz
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
"#$ %&$ '(")$ *+$ +,-+.
/0+#10'$ +#$ +2$ /'3"$
*+$ 2'$ 3+/1'*"4+1#0'5$
-672010*'*$8$+,907010"#+)$
1 " 3 + / 1 0 ' 2 + ) 5 $ + 2 $ : 0 1 ;$
2FWDYLR 4XLUR] *DUFtD
HJUHVDGR GH OD FDUUHUD
GH 'LVHxR ,QGXVWULDO GH
OD )(6 $UDJyQ RIUHFLy
'$ 2")$ +)46*0'#4+)$ 2'$
-2<401'$$!"#$%&'($'#)*+(#$
FRQ OD ÀQDOLGDG GH DEULU$
)6$ =0)0>#$ 1"3"$ *0)+('.
*"/+)5$ '2$ 03-62)'/$ 2'$
F U H D W L Y L G D G S D U D O D UHDOL]DFLyQGHVWDQGV
?2$ +=+#4"$ )+$ 22+=>$ '$ 1'7"$ +2$ %@$ *+$ A+7/+/"$ +#$ 2'$ )'2'$
GHYLGHRFRQIHUHQFLDVGHOHGLÀFLRGHSRVJUDGRHOSURIHVRU
4XLUR] *DUFtD PHQFLRQD TXH GHVGH DQWHV GH VX HJUHVR
GH ODV DXODV HQ HO DxR FRPHQ]y D WUDEDMDU HQ
-/"8+14")$ -'/'$ +3-/+)')$ #'10"#'2+)$ 8$ 4/'#)#'10"#'2+)5$
FRPR7HOHYLVD)ULJKWOLQHU\'+/HQWUHRWUDV
´6LHPSUHHVLPSRUWDQWHWHQHUPHWDVFRPRGLVHxDGRU
SRU HMHPSOR ORJUDU HO WtWXOR SURIHVLRQDO OR PiV SURQWR
-")072+;$ B*+3<)5$ 3")4/'/$ +)'$ '37010>#$ -"/$ )+/$ 3+C"/$
1'*'$ *D'$ +#$ #6+)4/"$ <3704"$ 2'7"/'2;$ ?#$ 2'$ '146'20*'*$
)>2"$ +)"$ 4+$ ='$ '$ -+/3040/$ )+/$ /+1"#"10*"$ +#$ 6#$ 3+*0"$
1"3-+40*"5$*"#*+$2'$1"#)4'#10'$8$+)4'/$+#$)0#1/"#D'$1"#$
ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODJHQWHWHPDQWLHQHYLJHQWHµVHxDOy
#$%$&'()($&*($+*%),-.*+)/.0)+
?)-+10'20)4'$+#$1/+'/$3"*+2")$4/0*03+#)0"#'2+)$8$=0/46'2+)$
-"/$1"3-64'*"/'5$1"370#'$)6$'140=0*'*$1"#$2'$*"1+#10'5$
\D TXH LPSDUWH FODVHV GH GLVHxR GH SiJLQDV ZHE HQ
1"3-'(D')$*+$3+/1'*"4+1#0'5$-672010*'*$8$-+/0"*0)3"5$'$
OD SDU TXH HQ HVWD )DFXOWDG (Q VX HQVHxDQ]D PXHVWUD
'$ 2")$ '263#")$ E6+5$ +#$ 1'20*'*$ *+$ -/"A+)0"#'2+)5$ 2'$
0#4+//+2'10>#$ *+$ 2'$ 1/+'40=0*'*5$ 2'$ 0#=+#40='5$ +2$ )+#40*"$
-/<1401"$ *+$ 6)"$ *+$ 2")$ 3'4+/0'2+)$ 8$ 2')$ #+1+)0*'*+)$
*+2$ 120+#4+5$ )"#$ 9+//'30+#4')$ 7<)01')$ -'/'$ "A/+1+/$ 6#'$
REUD RULJLQDO ~QLFD H LUUHSHWLEOH FDSD] GH D\XGDU D OD
FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHXQVHUYLFLRRSURGXFWR
(QIDWL]yODLPSRUWDQFLDGH FRQRFHU WRGRVORVSURFHVRV
*+$1/+'10>#$*+2$-/"*614"5$+)4"$03-201'$*+)*+$2'$)+2+110>#$
*+$ 2")$ 3'4+/0'2+)5$ -/+A+/+#4+3+#4+$ /+1012'72+)5$ 9')4'$
2")$ )+/=010")$ *+$ 6#$ )4'#*$ -'/'$ +,9070/2")5$ +2$ 16'2$ -6+*+$
+)4'/$ *"4'*"$ *+$ +2+3+#4")$ 1"3"$ 02630#'10>#5$ )0)4+3')$
KLGUiXOLFRV\WHFQROyJLFDFRPSXWDFLRQDOGHSXQWD
Alejandro Quiroz
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
(FRQRPtD\FiWHGUDKXPDQtVWLFD
!"#$%&'()*$+,$#+)+,-.(*
)-/0(-.$+1$/*2+1*$+)*#3/()*45
!"#$%&'#'()*+#'%
"#$%&'#(&) (*) +#) *,&'&-.#/) *+) -#*$01&)
+HOLRV 3DGLOOD =D]XHWD KD GHGLFDGR VX YLGD
2'%3*1$%0#1%#)#+)*$02(%&)(*)*$0#)(%$,%"+%'#/)#)+#),2#+)
,&'$%(*1#) 2'#) 4*11#-%*'0#) (*) 3%0#+) %-"&10#',%#)
"#1#) ,&-"1*'(*1) +#) 4%$0&1%#) (*) +#) 42-#'%(#(/)
"2*$)*+)5#,0&1)*,&'6-%,&)*$)*+)-&0&1)(*+)(*$#11&++&)
GH ODV GLVWLQWDV VRFLHGDGHV \ FLYLOL]DFLRQHV GHO
"1*$*'0*7
(O SURIHVRU GH FDUUHUD 'HÀQLWLYR 7LWXODU ´&µ H
LQWHJUDQWH GHO FRQVHMR WpFQLFR GH HVWD )DFXOWDG
KD HQIRFDGR VXV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV KDFLD ORV FLFORV
*,&'6-%,&$) 8) +#) -#,1&*,&'&-.#/) 5*'6-*'&$) 92*)
(*0*1-%'#') *+) -&3%-%*'0&) (*+) ,#"%0#+) -2'(%#+/)
$%') (*:#1) #01;$) +&$) 5#,0&1*$) 8) ,&'(%,%&'*$) 92*)
+*$) "*1-%0*) $2<$%$0%1) 8) 1*,1*#1$*) *') 0&(&$) +&$)
*$,*'#1%&$)*,&'6-%,&$7)=>$0&$)0*-#$)$&')#,02#+*$)
SXHVQRVKDEODQGHODVÁXFWXDFLRQHVHFRQyPLFDV
D FRUWR SOD]R \ GHO FUHFLPLHQWR D ODUJR SOD]R
*+*-*'0&$)52'(#-*'0#+*$)92*)"*1-%0*')*+)#';+%$%$)
GHORVFLFORVHFRQyPLFRVµ
'H PDQHUD HQWXVLDVWD \ FRQ OD VHJXULGDG TXH
GD HO FRQRFLPLHQWR HO 0WUR 3DGLOOD =D]XHWD
TXLHQ FXUVy HO SRVJUDGR HQ OD 81$0 VHxDOy
TXH VXV HVWXGLRV HQ PDWHULD GH HQVHxDQ]D GH OD
PDFURHFRQRPtD VRQ HO UHÁHMR GH ODV LQTXLHWXGHV
(*) +&$) #+2-'&$) "&1) ,&-"1*'(*1) +&$) -&(*+&$)
ÀQDQFLHURVDSOLFDGRVSRUXQSDtVGHDFXHUGRFRQ
$2)"&+.0%,#)%'0*1'#)8)*?0*1'#7)
!"#$%&'()*$##)'+),-".)
!
6H LQWHUHVD WDPELpQ HQ FRQRFHU FyPR DFW~DQ
+&$) $*,0&1*$) "1&(2,0%3&$) 92*) +&$) ,&'5&1-#') 8) $2)
XQLyQSDUDJHQHUDUGHPHMRUPDQHUDVXVFLFORVGH
SURGXFFLyQ\FRQHVWRORJUDUXQFUHFLPLHQWRHQ
+#)$&,%*(#(7
"#$%&'()*+,('-.-'/-0.1+&-'/2'/*'(.*(3
0LV HVWXGLRV EXVFDQ OOHJDU D ORV MyYHQHV
*,&'&-%$0#$)#)-#'*1#)(*)4*11#-%*'0#/)+#),2#+)+*$)
"*1-%0#)),&-"1*'(*1)-*:&1)+#)(%$,%"+%'#/)+#$),#2$#$)
TXHRULJLQDQORVFRPSRQHQWHVHFRQyPLFRVFRPR
ORV FLFORV ODV ÁXFWXDFLRQHV \ ODV GHSUHVLRQHV
+#$) ,2#+*$) "2*(*') $*1) -28) 3#1%#(#$@) "&1) 0#'0&)
(*<*-&$) *$02(%#1+#$/) $%02#,%6') 92*) ++*3#-&$) #))
,#<&)*')*$0#)A#,2+0#(7)
"#.4*'/-5'/20&2,/-5'/*',&%)6&%+-&'(-.%+1&'/2'
/-0('%(0/6+(3'
(VWDPRV FRPSURPHWLGRV D DQDOL]DU FyPR
1*"*1,20*') *$0&$) 5*'6-*'&$) *') '2*$01#) *,&B
QRPtD \ SRU FRQVLJXLHQWH HQ OD VRFLHGDG (Q HO
URO GH LQYHVWLJDGRUHV GHEHPRV FRQWUDUUHVWDU
*$&$) *5*,0&$) #(3*1$&$) "&1) -*(%&) (*+) *$02(%&) 8)
UHFRQRFLPLHQWRSDUDXQDSODQLÀFDFLyQSRVLWLYDD
FRUWR\PHGLDQRSOD]R
&RPR FRQFOXVLyQ HO 0WUR 3DGLOOD =D]XHWD
UHFDOFDTXHQRKDKDELGRXQSURJUHVRGHUHOHYDQFLD
\ Vt XQ HVWDQFDPLHQWR (O VHFWRU ÀQDQFLHUR QR
KD DSUHQGLGR D SUHYHU \ SODQLÀFDU HO IXWXUR SDUD
FRPEDWLU OD SREUH]D H[WUHPD TXH DFWXDOPHQWH
3%3%-&$7) C&1) 0#'0&/) =+#) +#<&1) (*+) #,#(D-%,&) *$)
*'$*E#1) *$0#$) 0*&1.#$) 8) 5&1-#1) "1&5*$%&'%$0#$)
,&'$,%*'0*$)(*)+#)1*#+%(#()(*+)"#.$/),&')+#)#"0%02()
\DFWLWXGGHJHQHUDUXQYHUGDGHURGHVDUUROORGHOD
VRFLHGDGPH[LFDQDµ
Alejandro Quiroz
8F8=G8:#C?;H'IIJK'LM'K!
7898:;<=>?'78'@<;'
78=8#A<;'B:CD8=;CE?=C<;
!,#(D-%,&$)8)*$02(%#'0*$/
+#)!"#"$%&'()*4#,*)3#+*1)02$)(*1*,4&$7
7HOpIRQRV DO )D[ )
/XQHVDYLHUQHVD\DKUV
(GLÀFLR ´'µ QLYHO UDPSD IUHQWH D 8QLYHUVXP &LUFXLWR
>?0*1%&1/&LXGDG8QLYHUVLWDULD(VWDFLRQDPLHQWR
((2F$*13%(&172'#-7-?
!!
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%$&'$()*$(+%',-.()$&)
#,/0,1,)-$)2,#+&,#34&))
!
QIRFDGRV HQ FRPEDWLU FRQWDJLRV SRU YLUXV FRPR ORV
GH OD ,QÁXHQ]D $+1 \ HVWDFLRQDO KHSDWLWLV WLSR
"# $# %&# '()(*+,# ','-.*/0# $# .,12(/3/*/0# 4,)/516*70# 8090#
SHUVRQDV PD\RUHV GH DxRV OD )(6 $UDJyQ D WUDYpV
GHOD&RRUGLQDFLyQGH6HUYLFLRVDOD&RPXQLGDGORVGtDV
\ GH IHEUHUR UHDOL]y XQD FDPSDxD GH YDFXQDFLyQ
/(.# 08($(# +,# 506# 89*./*805,6# *.6'*'1/*(.,6# +,# 6051+&#
FRPRVRQ,6667(,066\&HQWURGH6DOXG,PSXOVRUDGHO
,6(0SDUDSURWHJHUDOPD\RUQ~PHURGHLQWHJUDQWHVGHOD
/(21.*+0+#1.*7,96*'09*0:
8Q WRWDO GH GRV PLO SHUVRQDV HQWUH DOXPQRV
89(;,6(9,6# $# 0+2*.*6'90'*7(6# 9,/*<*,9(.# ,6'06# +(6*6&#
+,# 0/1,9+(# /(.# 5(# ,)85*/0+(# 8(9# 50# =*/:# %,9,.*/,# >0.(&#
9,68(.60<5,#+,5#-9,0&#5(6#9,615'0+(6#;1,9(.#6(989,.+,.',6&#
$0#?1,#0#8(/06#@(906#+,#50#+*;16*3.&#6,#(<'17(##9,681,6'0#
+,# 2-6# +,5# AB#C# +,# 50# 8(<50/*3.# 1.*7,96*'09*0D# ,6# 1.0#
FLIUD TXH GHPXHVWUD TXH PXFKD JHQWH KD FDPELDGR VX
LGHRORJtDHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQRWURVDxRV
Alejandro Quiroz
Mastógrafos térmicos.
Foto: Marisol Escárcega.
5$,%36,&)/,('.7*,89,()
\FDUGLRV
=
D &RRUGLQDFLyQ GH 6HUYLFLRV D OD &RPXQLGDG
UHDOL]y HO GH IHEUHUR FHUFD GH HVWXGLRV
FDUGLRYDVFXODUHV\PDVWRJUDItDVDORVWUDEDMDGRUHV\
GRFHQWHVGHOD)(6$UDJyQFRPRSDUWHGHXQFRQYHQLR
,.'9,#50#"6(/*0/*3.#"1'3.(20#+,5#E,96(.05#"/0+F2*/(#
+,# 50# G.*7,96*+0+# H0/*(.05# "1'3.(20# +,# IF)*/(#
4""E"GH"IJ#$#50#/5K.*/0#E9,7,.'(9:
!5# (<L,'*7(# ;1,# 89,7,.*9# ,.;,92,+0+,6# 9,50/*(.0+06#
FRQHOFRUD]yQ\ODVJOiQGXODVPDPDULDV\RFDQDOL]DU
D TXLHQHV SUHVHQWDUDQ DOJ~Q SDGHFLPLHQWR ´/DV
PDVWRJUDItDV VH UHDOL]DURQ FRQ XQ HTXLSR WpUPLFR HQ
IRUPD GH EUDVVLHU SHUIRUDGR TXH QR XWLOL]D UDGLDFLyQ
.*#/(289,6*3.#$#8(9#'0.'(#.(#/0160#+(5(9#.*#2(5,6'*06&#
TXHSXHGHGHVFXEULUQHRIRUPDFLRQHVGHPPDFP
´(Q OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO FDUGLyJUDIR pVWH GHWHFWD D
WUDYpVGHWUHVHOHFWURGRV\XQSOHWLVPyJUDIRORVQLYHOHV
+,#,6'9F6#;K6*/(&#2,.'05&#/09+*0/(&#706/1509#$#8(9/,.'0L,#
GH ULHVJR GH HQIHUPHGDG FDUGLRYDVFXODUµ H[SOLFy HO
'U (QULTXH &HUYDQWHV *RQ]iOH] HQFDUJDGR GH OOHYDU
0#/0<(#5(6#,6'1+*(6:
$OLFLD 5RGUtJXH] &DVWDxHGD WUDEDMDGRUD GH HVWD
LQVWLWXFLyQFRPHQWyTXHOHJXVWyHVWDQXHYDIRUPDGH
KDFHU ODV PDVWRJUDItDV SXHV ´QR ODVWLPDQ FRPR ORV
DSDUDWRV WUDGLFLRQDOHV DO FRQWUDULR HV PiV FyPRGRµ
8(9#5(#?1,#*.7*'3#0#0/1+*9#/(.#,5#2F+*/(#8(9#5(#2,.(6#
XQDYH]DODxRSDUDGHVFDUWDUFXDOTXLHUSUREOHPDGH
6051+:#
Marisol Escárcega
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%&'("')%*+$,+-.')%&(/+$,0-.1'
/#'".2-+,&'2-%-'+/3$,0-%'"3'+&#&+,4,"#$&
-
Desde 2005
a la fecha se
han realizado
13 cosechas.
Fotos: Archivo
Difusión.
!"#$ %&#'()$ *"+,&)-.(/$ /"/$
HVIXHU]RVHQPDU]RGH
0-$ 1'&,#'-$ *(/#*2-$ 3"#$ .#$
MLWRPDWH \ WXYR XQD JUDQ
-*#14-*&5)$ .#)4'($ .#$ )"#/4'-$
*(,")&.-.$ 6$ +-$ -+#.-7-$ -+$
1+-)4#+8$ *()$ #/#$ '#/"+4-.($ 6$
JUDFLDV DO DSR\R GH ODV DXWRUL
GDGHV GH OD )(6 $UDJyQ VH
SXGR FRQVWUXLU XQ VHJXQGR
&)%#')-.#'($ 6$ 1(/4#'&(',#)4#8$
")$4#'*#'(9
#$%&'()*+(,-*+$%
! "#$%&"%'
LWRPDWHOHFKXJDMDODSHxRFKLOH
1(E+-)(8$ 1&,&#)4($ ,(''5)8$
3'#/-/8$ 4"+&1-)#/$ 6$ +&+&/8$ /()$ +(/$
1'(."*4(/$ !"#$ .#/.#$ 2-*#$ *&)*($
-7(/$/#$2-)$/#,E'-.($#)$#+$?#)4'($
.#$ @'<*4&*-/$ @'(."*4&%-/$ H?@@I$ .#$
OD)DFXOWDGGH(VWXGLRV6XSHULRUHV
$UDJyQ
(OGHPDU]RGHVHKL]R
'#-+&.-.$ #/4#$ /"#7(8$ 6-$ !"#$ *()$
+-$ &,1+#,#)4-*&5)$ .#+$ )"#%($ 1+-)$
.#$ #/4".&(/8$ -"4('&.-.#/$ .#$ +-$
OLFHQFLDWXUD HQ 3ODQLÀFDFLyQ SDUD
HO 'HVDUUROOR $JURSHFXDULR 3'$
%&#'()$ +-$ )#*#/&.-.$ .#$ !"#$ +(/$
-+",)(/$*()4-'-)$*()$")$#/1-*&($
#)$.().#$1"/&#'-)$#)$1'<*4&*-$+(/$
*()(*&,&#)4(/$ -.!"&'&.(/$ #)$ +-/$
-"+-/9
´(UD IXQGDPHQWDO XQ OXJDU DVt
1-'-$ )"#/4'(/$ #/4".&-)4#/8$ 1"#/$
/#$ *'#-'()$ 4'#/$ 1'##/1#*&-+&.-.#/8$
")-$ .#$ #++-/8$ @+-)#-*&5)$ @'(>
."*4&%-$$!"#$'#!"#'J-$,-4#'&-/$4#5>
ULFDV\SUiFWLFDVµFRPHQWyOD/LF
0DULD/XLVD&DO]DGD6DQGRYDOMHID
GHFDUUHUDGH3'$
F"#$ -/J$ *(,($ 1'(3#/('#/8$ 1#'($
/(E'#$ 4(.($ -+",)(/8$ /#$ .&#'()$ -$
+-$ 4-'#-$ .#$ 1'(1('*&()-'$ 3(',-$
-+$ 1'&,#'$ &)%#')-.#'(8$ #+$ 4'-E-B($
)($ 3"#$ 3<*&+$ 1('!"#$ )($ /#$ 4#)J-$
H[SHULHQFLD GH HVWD PDJQLWXG VLQ
HPEDUJR HVR QR PLQy ODV JDQDV
.#$ +(/$ #/4".&-)4#/$ 6$ *-4#.'<4&*(/$
:+$1'&,#'($#/$';/4&*($/5+($*"#)4-$
FRQ DXWRPDWL]DFLyQ GH ULHJR HO
VHJXQGRHVVHPLWHFQLÀFDGRFRQ
VLVWHPD GH ULHJR SRU VHFFLRQHV
*()4'(+-.('$ -"4(,<4&*($ .#$
YHQWLODFLyQ ULHJR SRU DVSHUVLyQ
6$1-'#.$2;,#.-8$6$#+$4#'*#'($/#$
XWLOL]D H[FOXVLYDPHQWH SDUD OD
VLHPEUDGHÁRUHV
=-6$ .(/$ 3(',-/$ .#$ 1-'4&>
*&1-'$ #)$ #+$ ?@@A$ ")-8$ #/$ +-$
REOLJDWRULD \ GH DFXHUGR
FRQ ODV DVLJQDWXUDV TXH OHV
*(''#/1().#)$ -$ +(/$ -+",)(/$
GH 3'$ \ OD RWUD PDQHUD HV
+-$ &)%&4-*&5)$ 1#',-)#)4#$ -$
4(.(/$ +(/$ #/4".&-)4#/$ 1-'-$ !"#$
VH LQWHJUHQ \ SDUWLFLSHQ HQ HO
?#)4'($.#$@'<*4&*-/$@'(."*4&%-/9
/D /LF &DO]DGD 6DQGRYDO
DVHJXUy TXH OD FUHDFLyQ GH
#/4#$ #/1-*&($ +#/$ 2-$ 1#',&4&.($
*(,1+#,#)4-'$ +-$ 3(',-*&5)$ .#$
+(/$B5%#)#/8$3('4-+#*#'$#+$/#)4&.($
.#$ 1#'4#)#)*&-$ 2-*&-$ +-$ *-''#'-$
6$ +($ ,</$ &,1('4-)4#8$ C!"#$ +(/$
-+",)(/$ %&%-)$ +-$ #D1#'&#)*&-$ 6$
OD VHJXULGDG GH TXH WRGRV ORV
#+#,#)4(/$ !"#$ -.!"&#'#)$ #)$ +-$
+&*#)*&-4"'-$ /()$ -1+&*-E+#/$ -$
")-$ '#-+&.-.$ .#,-).-)4#$ .#$
UHVSXHVWDV\UHVXOWDGRVµ
?-E#$ /#7-+-'$ !"#$ +(/$ 1'(>
."*4(/$ !"#$ /#$ *(/#*2-)$ #)$
#+$ ?@@$ /#$ 1()#)$ -$ +-$ %#)4-$
.#)4'($ .#$ +-$ F-*"+4-.A$ -.#,</$
/#$ 1+-)#-$ !"#$ +-$ 1'(."**&5)$
-",#)4#$ 6$ /#$ -1'(%#*2#$ +(/$
PG$'#/4-)4#/$.#$+(/$,&+$!"#$+-$$
)DFXOWDGRWRUJySDUDODFUHDFLyQ
.#+$?@@9
Marisol Escárcega
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
!"#$%&'"()%*#*+,&(-./%"('*'.0&'"(
&(12+.0.)."('*(3&4&0&
!
"# "$%&'&()"# *+,-&'".# +'# +.# ("*/&#
0+#.&1#2$+3.&1#-'0-&1REUDDFDUJR
GHO 'U &DUORV +XPEHUWR 'XUDQG
$OFiQWDUD DGVFULWR D OD 'LYLVLyQ GH
(VWXGLRVGH3RVJUDGRH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ
GHOD)(6$UDJyQHVXQDPRQRJUDItD
GHODFRPXQLGDGLQGtJHQDHQFODYDGD
HQODVLHUUDGH6DQWD0DUtD7HRSR[FR
2D[DFD UHJLyQ TXH RFXSD HO OXJDU
HQODOLVWDGHORVPXQLFLSLRVPiV
!"#$%&'(%)'*%$$+*"$+"',%-+./0"1
'XUDQWH OD SUHVHQWDFLyQ HO GH
IHEUHUR HQ HO $XOD 0DJQD GH GLFKD
'LYLVLyQHOLQYHVWLJDGRUDJUHJyTXHOD
!2#)+./.+30'!$"!"$.+"0/'20'!/0"$/,/'
GHODPDUJLQDFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQHVWRV
SXHEORV REOLJDGRV D HPLJUDU GH VXV
.",20+(/(%&' /0*%' )/&' (%&4/5"$/#)%&'
." 0 ( + . + " 0 % & ' % . " 0 3 , + . / & ' ( % ' ) /'
!"#)/.+306'."04"$,/(/'!"$'/0.+/0"&6'
0+7"&' 8' ,29%$%&6' )/&' .2/)%&' &"0' %)'
&"&*:0'(%')/'4/,+)+/1
;"0' )/' /82(/' (%' ,:(+."&6'
GHQWLVWDV DQWURSyORJRV QXWULyORJRV
\ SVLFyORJRV SURYHQLHQWHV GH OD
<0+5%$&+(/('=2*30",/'>%*$"!")+*/0/'
?<=>@6' <0+5%$&+(/(' =2*30",/' (%'
&KDSLQJR8$&K8QLYHUVLGDG$XWy
0",/'(%')/';+2(/('(%'>:-+."'?<=;>@'
\ OD 81$0 HQ HVSHFtÀFR GH OD )(6
$UDJyQ HO 'U 'XUDQG HODERUy XQ
.",!%0(+"' A+&*3$+."6' !$"(2.*"' (%'
VLHWHDxRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDFHUFDGH
)"&'BC'#/$$+"&'(%)'!"#)/("1
D/$/')/'!$%!/$/.+30'(%)',/*%$+/)6')"&'
!/$*+.+!/0*%&''+0+.+/$"0''20''*$/#/9"'!$%5+"'
/')/'!2#)+./.+30'(%)')+#$"'E2%'."0&+&*+3'
%0''20/'&%$+%'(%'!$"8%.*"&'!$"(2.*+5"&'
."0&2)*/("&' 8' ."0&%0&2/("&' %0*$%'
)"&'A/#+*/0*%&6'."0'%)'"#9%*+5"'(%'E2%'
ODVFRPXQLGDGHVWHQJDQDOWHUQDWLYDV
(%' 20' (%&/$$"))"' /2*30","' !$"!+"'
(%&!2:&' (%' %-!$%&/$' &2&' "!+0+"0%&'
HQ DVXQWRV GH DJULFXOWXUD SHVFD \
UHIRUHVWDFLyQSRUPHQFLRQDUDOJXQRV
F/'>*$/1'G$+#%$*/'>%0(+")/'=0($/(%'
,"(%$3')/'!$%&%0*/.+30'(%')/'"#$/6'8'
.","'+05+*/("&'%&*25+%$"0')"&',/%&*$"&'
0DUtD GH -HV~V 5RGUtJXH] *XHUUHUR
&UX] 9HOi]TXH] *DOLQGR \ /HRSROGR
*RQ]iOH] 0RUHQR HJUHVDGRV GH OD
<=>1'
Angélica Duardo
5&(1&%0&()"%(*+0.1&('*-()%"'20,"6(!2/-.0.'&'(789
G
)'HI'(%'4%#$%$"'&%'))%53'/'./#"')/'."04%$%0.+/#4$3.-/-0"0#
567# 89:;# <# 8=>?8 RUJDQL]DGD SRU OD FDUUHUD GH
;",20+./.+30' 8' D%$+"(+&,"6' +,!/$*+(/' !"$' %)' (+$%.*"$'
GHOD(PSUHVD*UXSR&RPXQLFDFLyQ$QGUp'HOJDGR
0RUHQRHQHO$XGLWRULR-RVp9i]TXH]5DPtUH]
$ORODUJRGHXQDKRUDHOFRQIHUHQFLDQWHH[SOLFyTXHHQ
!2#)+.+(/(' )/' (+4%$%0.+/' 0"' %&*J' %0' %)' !$"(2.*"' &+0"' %0'
ODPDUFD\pVWDGHEHVHJXLUXQDOtQHDGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ
VHUFRQJUXHQWH\FXPSOLUORTXHRIUHFHSRUORWDQWRGHEH
*%0%$'20/'!%$&"0/)+(/(1'KD"$'%9%,!)"6'L"0/4"0*'0"'5%0(%'
DJXDVLQRTXHRIUHFHODSRVLELOLGDGDOFRPSUDGRUGHYHUVH
PiVGHOJDGRµ3DUDORJUDUHVWRVHGHEHKDFHUXQHVWXGLR
GH PHUFDGR XQD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ H[KDXVWLYD \ XQ DQiOLVLV
SDUD HQWHQGHU D ODV SHUVRQDV D ODV TXH YD GLULJLGD OD
.",20+./.+301'
0p[LFR JDVWD PLO PLOORQHV GH SHVRV HQ SXEOLFLGDG
DQXDOPHQWHORTXHLPSOLFDHOGHVX3URGXFWR,QWHUQR
%UXWR3,%HQFDPELRHQRWURVSDtVHVDVFLHQGHDO
SRUFRQVLJXLHQWHVHJDVWDPiVGLQHURHQRWURVSDtVHVOR
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
TXHVLJQLÀFDTXHVHGHVDUUROOHXQDLQIRUPDFLyQLQWHOLJHQWH
\DTXHODEXHQDFRPXQLFDFLyQJHQHUDSURJUHVR
;",20+./$'%&'(/$'/'."0".%$'%)',%0&/9%'!/$/'!%$&2/(+$'
QR SDUD YHQGHU OD ÀQDOLGDG HV ORJUDU TXH OD PDUFD
SURPRYLGDHVWpHQWUHODVWUHVPiVFRQRFLGDV\SHUPDQH]FD
%0')/',%0*%'(%)'.)+%0*%6'%-!)+.31
G)' %&*2(+/0*%' (%' ;",20+./.+30' (%#%' !$%!/$/$&%' %0'
%)' 420(/,%0*"' *%3$+."' 8' !$J.*+."' !"$E2%' K&+' 0"' )%%0' 8'
0"' /!$%0(%0' (%' "*$/&' .2)*2$/&' 0"' !"($J0' *%0%$' 20/'
EXHQD FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ HV SULPRUGLDO SDUD JHQHUDU LGHDV
FUHDWLYDVGHQHJRFLRV\TXHHPRFLRQHQµ
D"$'M)*+,"6')"&'%-A"$*3'/'&%$'!%$&"0/&'%-+*"&/&'0"'&3)"'
HQ0p[LFRVLQRHQRWURVSDtVHVFRPSHWLUFRQODVJUDQGHV
%,!$%&/&' !2#)+.+*/$+/&' ,"&*$/0("' +(%/&' 0"5%("&/&' 8'
RULJLQDOHVSDUDQRFRSLDUODVLGHDVGHORVGHPiV
=.",!/7/$"0' /)' !"0%0*%6' )/' 9%4/' (%' ./$$%$/' (%'
&RPXQLFDFLyQ\3HULRGLVPR/LF(GLWK%DOOH]D%HOWUiQ\
HOVHFUHWDULRWpFQLFR/LF)HOLFLDQR6iQFKH]+HUQiQGH]
Cristóbal García
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
3HULRGLVPRSROtWLFR\OLWHUDWXUDFUtWLFD
#)*(#+,-+#./(01#0+#0+,23"%&",4#5"6#,&+.73+#/(#89."#:+.+9";<
=>1.?,#*916#@"3-A(+BC
593-$%+($5# '95# $%# )53# ('05+%3#
<'%# :596-+0-%+59# %)# F(&'37'4;3*
(:* 3%&$* 9'6(&$&'$,# G# )(# )'6(&$60&$*
(:*7(073&$*7()#5(&'37'4;3G*H3;.4*
D)3E* -$&6,:(1,# %3:+-05+# G# /%+-5$-30(#
DUJHQWLQR IDOOHFLy HO SDVDGR GH HQHUR D ORV DxRV GH HGDG
6X UHSXWDFLyQ OLWHUDULD HPSH]y D
J5+.(+3%#%9#%)#/%+-5$-3.5,#()#<'%#3-9#
GXGDOHHQWUHJyPiVKRUDVGHODVTXH
HVHPHGLRIXHFDSD]GHDVLPLODU
6X 3%&$# 3%# /'%$%# 3-0'(+# %9# 734*
6'(;534C#QR#D)*5&';(&3#:5++%3/59$%#
DO UHJUHVR GH OD I(;3+&$+'$* (:*
?&=(:6':$DOFDERGHODWUiJLFDQRFKH
$%#)(#$-:0($'+(#G#3'3#:+A.%9%3,#G#/5+#
50+5,#%)#$%)#$%3(30+%#<'%#6-95#ST#(N53#
GHVSXpVDOFRPLHQ]RGHOQXHYRVLJORµ
XQSDtVFRQÀODVLQWHUPLQDEOHVHQODV
SXHUWDV GH ORV FRQVXODGRVµ FRPR pO
PLVPR GHFtDµ 8$+,3* 7(* +$4'* 6373*
;(:34* 7(* ;'4(&'$,# $59$%# .':K53#
))%6(9# 0(905# 0-%./5# 7(48()$734* 53&*
43%&(8'8'&# <'%# 4(* B$:* 3)8'7$73* 7(#
8'8'&<L# =9# %30%# /%+-5$5# $%30(:(# 3'#
6-3-19# $%)# /%+59-3.5# <'%# :590-%9%#
734* 3%&$4* +).4'+$4J* !"# $%&'("# )'#
*'+,-*K!LM"N*E*."-/"#0&1/"*K!LL"N#
WUDGXFLGDV D PiV GH LGLRPDV \
/'?)-:($(3#%9#.O3#$%#UT#/(A3%3V#G
SR#=)#4(=0:73*5(&'373*:5++%3/59$%#
(# 404* 6&(4* O)6';34* )'%&34C# 0(# &2'(%#
)'# ("# +'1-"# KPQQPR,# 0(# 3"-/%+# )'#
/"-4%# KPQQRN* E* *2+4"/%+1%* KPQQLR,#
SLH]DV HQ ODV TXH UHDSDUHFH ()*
SHULRGLVPRODKLVWRULD\ODÀFFLyQ,#
/%+5# (K5+(# :5.5# '9(# %I/%+-%9:-(#
:%90+()# %9# )(# +%:5930+'::-19# $%# '9#
/'N($5#$%#-$%90-$($%3#$%3K%:K(3#%9#
W'%953#X-+%3L
H3;.4* D)3E* -$&6,:(1* 6083* 0:$*
SUROtÀFD SURGXFFLyQ TXH LQFOX\y
:38()$4G*+&>:'+$4,#(:4$E34G*&()$634G*
)'%&(634*7(*+':(*E*682*6HGHVHPSHxy
0(.?-79# :5.5# :5)'.9-30(# $%# )53#
7'$&'34* 9$* S$+'>:,# 2K%# S(T* U3&V*
H';(4* E* D)* F$,4L# X<'A# 0+(?(*1#
! "#$%&'(#)
F
LQFOXVRHQODIXQGDFLyQGHOSHULyGLFR6LJOR
!!"# $%# &'($()(*(+(,# %# -./(+0-1# 2())%+%3#
$%# 4%+-5$-3.5# (# 0+(673# $%# )(# 8'9$(:-19#
;'%65#4%+-5$-3.5#<'%#:+%1##$%&'()*#$&+,$*
-.&/0(12
=9# 3'# >)0-.(# :5)(?5+(:-19# ()# $-(+-5# !"#
$"%&'(@$A(3# (90%3# $%# .5+-+B$-*5C# DE(#
JXHUUDFRQWUDODVGURJDV\HOQDUFRWUiÀFR#
LPSUHJQDKR\EXHQDSDUWHGHODOLWHUDWXUD
35?+%#05$5#%9#F5)5.?-(#G#H7I-:5,#$59$%#)$*
FXOWXUD QDUFR VH KD LQÀOWUDGR HQ WRGRV
)34*$45(+634*7(*)$#8'7$2*=I/(9$-$(#:5.5#
YLUXVSRQH\GHUULEDJRELHUQRVFRPSUD\
6%9$%# :59:-%9:-(3,# 3%# 05.(# )(# 6-$(# $%# )(3#
J(.-)-(3# G# (K5+(# )(# 6-$(# $%# )(3# 9(:-59%3L# 9$* +0)60&$* :$&+3* (4* )$*
+0)60&$*7()*:0(83*;')(:'32<
(QPDU]RGHHVWHFRQQRWDGRSHULRGLVWD\HVFULWRUDUJHQWLQR
%30'65# %9# %)# (%+5/'%+05# :(/-0()-95# $%# H7I-:5L# M9# /'N($5# $%#
UHSRUWHURV OR DERUGDPRV $OJXQRV GH VXV FRPHQWDULRV IXHURQ
SXEOLFDGRV HQ VX PRPHQWR RWURV VH JXDUGDURQ HQ OD OLEUHWD GH
(/'90%3#G#(K5+(#)53#/'?)-:(.53C
BBBBBDE(3# ÀFFLRQHV UHSUHVHQWDQ XQD IRUPD GH UHEHOLyQ,# 3-9#
HPEDUJR OD UHODFLyQ GHO SHULRGLVWD FRQ OD HVFULWXUD FRPHQ]y FRQ
'9(#6&$:4=&(4'>:µ
BBBBBBD25$53,# (?35)'0(.%90%# 05$53# )34* =&$:7(4* (4+&'63&(4* 7(*
?;@&'+$#9$6':$IXHURQDOJXQDYH]SHULRGLVWDV<DODLQYHUVDFDVL
WRGRVORVJUDQGHVSHULRGLVWDVVHFRQYLUWLHURQWDUGHRWHPSUDQRHQ
JUDQGHV HVFULWRUHV (VD PXWXD IHFXQGDFLyQ# # J'%# /53-?)%# /5+<'%,#
/(+(#)53#%3:+-05+%3#6%+$($%+53,#()*5(&'37'4;3#9'9:(#J'%#'9#;(&3*
;373* 7(* =$:$&4(* )$* 8'7$* 4':3* 0:* &(+0&43* 5&38'7(:+'$)* 5$&$*
=$:$&*)$*8'7$<A
BBBBBBD=)#+3;5&3;'43*+3:*)$*5$)$%&$*(4*$*6'(;53*+3;5)(63,#(#
8'7$*+3;5)(6$L#4'%$%#<'%#'9#/%+-5$-30(#:596%9:-59()#95#)5#/-%93%#
(3AL#4%+5#'9#/%+-5$-30(#$%#6%+(3#95#0-%9%#50+(#3()-$(#<'%#/%93(+#(3AL#
=)#5(&'37'46$*:3*(4*$)=3*/0(*0:3*4(*53:(*(:+';$*$*)$*B3&$*7(*'&*
$)#6&$%$C32*D4*$)=3*/0(*70(&;(*+3:*:3436&34,#<'%#&(45'&$*E*$;$*
+3:QXHVWUDVPLVPDVYtVFHUDV\QXHVWURVPLVPRVVHQWLPLHQWRVµ
BBBDF+%5#%9#'9#5(&'37'4;3*;.4*7(*+3:6(:'734,#.O3#+%3/593(?)%,#
<'%#3%/(#K(:%+)%#J+%90%#(#)53#0-%./53P25$5#)5#<'%#K%#%3:+-05#%9#)(#
YLGDVRQDFWRVGHE~VTXHGDGHOLEHUWDGµ
BBBD=9#:($(#'9(#$%#404*+&>:'+$4,#('9#%9#(<'%))(3#<'%#9(:-%+59#
?(*5#%)#(/+%.-5#$%#)(3#K5+(3#$%#:-%++%,#)53#;$(46&34*7(*)$*)'6(&$60&$*
ODWLQRDPHULFDQD FRPSURPHWLHURQ HO SURSLR VHU WDQ D IRQGR
+3;3* ()#;.4* 7(+'4'83* 7(* 404* )'%&346DEtDQTXHVLWUDLFLRQDEDQ
(#)(#/()(?+(#K(30(#%9#%)#.O3#(919-.5#$%#)53#?5)%0-9%3#$%#/+%93(,#
HVWDEDQWUDLFLRQDQGRORPHMRUGHVtPLVPRVµ
Hugo Sánchez Gudiño
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
! "#$%&'(")&'
!"#$%&'(")*)&+)')&'),'-&-.-/'0)',/*'12)$/*'
3&+)"2&-4)"*-+#"-/*'5676
!
RQ JR\DV SRUUDV \ DSODXVRV VH
""#$%& '& (')*& #+& #"& ,-*+.%+& !#--'/*&
GH &LXGDG 8QLYHUVLWDULD HO GH
IHEUHUR OD LQDXJXUDFLyQ GH ORV -XHJRV
,QWHUXQLYHUVLWDULRV RUJDQL]DGRV
SRU OD 'LUHFFLyQ *HQHUDO GH $FWLYLGDGHV
'HSRUWLYDV \ 5HFUHDWLYDV GH OD Pi[LPD
('0'&/#&#0.1/2*03
4"& "'/*& /#& $'-2*0& /2-#(.*-#0& /#& *.-'0&
,'(1".'/#0& 51#& 6-#0#+(2'-*+& "'& '6#-.1-'7&
HVWXYR HO GLUHFWRU GH OD )(6 $UDJyQ
0 HQ , *LOEHUWR *DUFtD 6DQWDPDUtD
*RQ]iOH] TXLHQ VDOXGy SHUVRQDOPHQWH
'& "*0& & /#6*-.20.'0& /#0.'('/*0& /#& 81.)*"7&
$*"#2)*"& 9& )'"*+(#0.*& /#& #0.#& 6"'+.#"7& "*0&
(1'"#0&'--2)'-*+&'"&-#(2+.*&/#0/#&"'0&:;<==&
KRUDV HQWXVLDVPDGRV SRU GHVÀODU \ VHU
ORV SULPHURV HQ SLVDU OD GXHOD VHJXLGRV
/#&"'0&/#>?0&#0(1#"'0@&"*0&'6"'10*0&/#&"*0&'020.#+.#0&'"&
'+1+(2'-&'&+1#0.-*0&'"1>+*0&+*&0#&A2(2#-*+&#06#-'-3&
5HXQLÀFDFLyQGHOGHSRUWH
(O DFWR GH DSHUWXUD OR HQFDEH]y HO GLUHFWRU JHQHUDO GH
$FWLYLGDGHV 'HSRUWLYDV \ 5HFUHDWLYDV GH OD 81$0 'U
+pFWRU +HUQiQGH] %ULQJDV \ HO VHFUHWDULR GH 6HUYLFLRV D
OD&RPXQLGDG'U5DPLUR-HV~V6DQGRYDOTXLpQVHxDOy
51#& B#0.#& .*-+#*& 6-#.#+/#& 0#-& 2+("19#+.#& 6'-'& .*/'0& "'0&
#0(1#"'0&9&8'(1".'/#0&6#-28C-2('0&/#&"'&DE4F&61#0&/#0/#&
ORV DxRV KHPRV FUHFLGR GHPRJUiÀFDPHQWH FRPR
LQVWLWXFLyQ\HVFRPSOLFDGRUHXQLUORVDWRGRV(Q5HFWRUtD
+*0& 6-#*(16'& #0.'& 02.1'(2%+& 9& 6*-& #0*& A#>*0& '6*9'/*&
>1(A*&#"&6-*9#(.*&51#&6'-'&6-%G2>'0&#/2(2*+#0&2+("12-?&
WDPELpQDORVSODQWHOHVGHO&&+\ODV3UHSDUDWRULDVµ
3RU VX SDUWH HO 'U +HUQiQGH] %ULQJDV H[KRUWy D
"*0& #5126*0& 6'-.2(26'+.#0& '& /208-1.'-& "'& (*>6#.#+(2'7&
´HVWDPRV FRQWHQWRV SRUTXH KHPRV GDGR XQ JUDQ SDVR
SDUDODUHXQLÀFDFLyQGHOGHSRUWHHQHVWDFDVDGHHVWXGLRVµ
!')#& /#0.'('-& 51#& #0.'0& /20(26"2+'0& /#6*-.2$'0& 0*+& "'0&
51#& (*>6-#+/#+& "'& 6-2>#-'& #/2(2%+& /#& /2(A*& (#-.'>#+7&
WUDV VXSHUDU OD IDVH HOLPLQDWRULD GH ORV MXHJRV ,QWHU)(6
#& H+.#-8'(1".'/#0& 9& (*+.#+/#-?+& >2"& ;I=& '."#.'0& /#& :J&
,'(1".'/#0& /#& "'& D+2$#-02/'/& E'(2*+'"& 41.%+*>'& /#&
FCG2(*3
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8
<XULW]L $UHQDV GHSRUWLVWD \ DOXPQD GH OD )DFXOWDG GH
!2#+(2'07& 6-*+1+(2%& #"& K1-'>#+.*& /#6*-.2$*@& /#061C0&
"*0& '020.#+.#0& #+.*+'-*+& #"& L2>+*& D+2$#-02.'-2*7& "*0&
FRQWLQJHQWHV VH GHVSLGLHURQ \ ORV GH FDVD SUHYLR D VX
0'"2/'7&#+.*+'-*+&&'"&1+M0*+*&1+'&6*--'&6'-'&/#0.'('-&01&
6'-.2(26'(2%+&#+&/2(A*&#$#+.*3&,2+'">#+.#7&0#&""#$%&'&(')*&
XQDSUHVHQWDFLyQGHJLPQDVLD
Angélica Duardo&
!"#$%"&'()&*+",-.
! "#$%&'()
!"#$%&'()#*(&+,#-.*/&%(*"(
0/12&(2*(31*',/41(*%(*%*/&(
\IHEUHURGH
F*(?8/-*=(;='()*+,+-*
)HUQDQGR*DUFtD$JXLUUH0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
;G1.&+M!"#$%&'()*!+'!,*)'#-*.!+-+/0)-0$!1-%'#,'+-*!
0D'L+SDUDSURPRYHUHODSUHQGL]DMHVLJQLÀFDWLYR
%$#! ,'+-$! +'! .$(! ,*)'#-*.'(! +'! *%$2$! +'! .$(!
%#$3'($#'(! +'! .*! 0*##'#*! +'! 4$,&5-0*0-65! 2!
"'#-$+-(,$!+'!.*!789!:#*;65<
?%5J#,8%,%@#/%3M,NO,8%,%3%*+L
6LQRSVLV (O SUHVHQWH WUDEDMR HV XQD DOWHUQDWLYD
8%, (35+*A+*#5(P3, 8%, /#1%*(#&%", 8(8751(5+",
KLSHUPHGLD HQ ODV DFWLYLGDGHV GH OD DVLJQDWXUD
6HPLQDULR 7DOOHU GH 7HOHYLVLyQ , SDUD SURIHVRUHV
8%,&#,&(5%35(#1.*#,%3,9+/.3(5#5(P3,6,K%*(+8("/+L,
0%8(#31%,%"1#,A*+A.%"1#,"%,/.%"1*#3,&+",A.31+",
%3, &+", Q.%, "%, 8%$%, 5#A#5(1#*, #, &+", 8+5%31%", 6,
DGHQWUDUORVHQODVQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDVSDUDORJUDU
DSUHQGL]DMHV VLJQLÀFDWLYRV \ TXH ORV HVWXGLDQWHV
UHDÀUPHQ ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV DGTXLULGRV HQ HO
#.&#L
7LWXODGRVGHOLFHQFLDWXUDHQHQHUR\IHEUHURGH
#$#%&
‡ C#**(%31+",?*#."1+,>(&(#,C*%38#
‡ *DUFtD/R]DQR$OHMDQGUR
'()*+,+-*
‡ 6HUUDQR+HUQiQGH]eULFN,UYLQJ
‡ 0RQWHV'H2FD*HUyQLPRÐVFDU
‡ 6DXFHGR5RMDV0LJXHO,VUDHO
‡ $FHYHGR3pUH],UHQH-D]PtQ
‡ *XWLpUUH]5XL]&ULVWK\DQ
‡ 5RVDGR$UUHJXtQ$OHMDQGUR
‡ +HUQiQGH]/XQD/XLV(UQHVWR
‡ 3DODFLRV9i]TXH]5D\PXQGR
‡ 5LYHUyQ0DUWtQH]/XFHUR
‡ )ORUHV$\DOD5RODQGR
‡ 0DUWtQH]0DUWtQH](OYLD
‡ +DUR=HSHGD6DQGUD
‡*RQ]iOH] & H U S D & L Q W K \ D
‡ %DUUDJiQ+HUQiQGH]$OHMDQGUR
!"#$%&
.(/(01,
‡ 7UHMR5D\yQ-RUJH68$
2#3%#%&
4/5678(086/*
‡ '()%*+",-.%**%*+",-.(&&%*/+
‡ 0DQUtTXH]6RODQR
(QULTXH6DOYDGRU
‡ 0RQWR\D6HUQD,W]HO*XLHHGDQL
9,:6;70*07<;=>='(/7,)7?:,
‡ %UDYR/XJR/RUHQD
‡ &UX]5RGUtJXH]&pVDU2FWDYLR
‡ -LPpQH]&RKHWHUR&pVDU
6KLGXHW0DULDQD&DVWUR+HUQiQGH]
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
;G1.&+M,4$5()#&00-65!+'.!5-=$>!&5*!%'+*;$;?*!+'!.$!
0$#%$#*.<
)HFKDGHH[DPHQGHIHEUHUR
6LQRSVLV/DWHVLVGDXQDDSRUWDFLyQGHODVEDVHV
WHyULFRSUiFWLFDV D OD SHGDJRJtD GH OR FRUSRUDO
&#, 5.#&, %"1#$&%5%, Q.%, %&, A*+5%"+, 8%, 5+3"1*.55(P3,
VRFLDO GH ORV VHUHV KXPDQRV FRPLHQ]D GHVGH HO
/+/%31+, %3, Q.%, &#, A#*%B#, A&#3%#, 1%3%*, .3, J(B+R,
B.31+,5+3,.3,1*#1#/(%31+,8%,#5.A.31.*#,8.*#31%,
HO HPEDUD]R \ HVWR WLHQH LPSOLFDFLRQHV DFHUFD
8%&, A*+5%"+, 8%, 5+3"1*.55(P3, 8%, &+", 3(S+"R, 5+/+,
/#6+*, 5++*8(3#5(P3, A"(5+/+1+*#R, 5+/A*%3"(P3,
OLQJtVWLFD IDFLOLGDG GH DSUHQGL]DMH VLVWHPD
LQPXQROyJLFR \ PHMRU PDQHMR HPRFLRQDO D
VLWXDFLRQHVGHFRQÁLFWRDOLQWHULRUGHODIDPLOLD
‡ &DPDFKR5DQJHO&DUORV(GHU
‡ 0#1#,2.(31#3#,4#356,!&(#3#
‡ 7ROHGDQR<ixH]ÉQJHO
‡ $UWHDJD&HSHGD0LULDP
‡ 5DPtUH]2OLYHURV2OLYD,YRQQH
‡ 5XL]0RQWR\D,JQDFLR
.(/(01,
‡ /ySH]'HOJDGR'DYLG
‡ 2OLYDUHV*UDQDGRV/LOLD$QJpOLFD
‡ ÉOYDUH]+HUQiQGH]6D~OÉOYDUR
‡ $JXLODU2UWL]/XLV$OEHUWR
‡ 0+*73,'#&%35(#,,'#3%""#
‡ 'XHxDV5XL]5RFtR3DXOLQD
‡ 0RQWLHO0D\RUJD0DUtD
8%&,9#*/%3
F*(?8/-*=(;=.(/(01,=
(QULTXH8EDOGR/ySH]/DUD0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
;G1.&+M,,QWHUHVHVHQFRQÁLFWRHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGH
TXHMDV \ GHQXQFLDV FRQWUD VHUYLGRUHV S~EOLFRV GH
OD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ3~EOLFD)HGHUDO0H[LFDQD
)HFKDGHH[DPHQGHIHEUHUR
6LQRSVLV(OREMHWLYRGHHVWHSUR\HFWRHVYHULÀFDUVL
ODFRKHUHQFLDQRUPDWLYDVHDSOLFDHQODUHJXODFLyQ
GHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHTXHMDV\GHQXQFLDVFRQWUD
"%*)(8+*%", AT$&(5+", 8%, &#, :8/(3("1*#5(P3, KT$&(5#,
?%8%*#&, 0%@(5#3#R, A.%", 1+/#, .3, A#A%&, *%&%)#31%,
HQHOHTXLOLEULRGHJREHUQDELOLGDGGHORV(VWDGRV
U3(8+",0%@(5#3+"L
‡ :5+"1#,;+**%",:/%&(#,;*(3(8#8
‡ -*#3#8+",<%*#",="/%*#&8#
‡ *XWLpUUH]-DUDPLOOR-XDQ*DEULHO
‡ 0RQWR\D1DYDUURÐVFDU-XOLiQ
‡ -*#3#8+",>./.",?#$(+&#
‡ *RQ]iOH]/HPXV%XOPDUR/XFLR
‡ *RQ]iOH]0RUDOHV%XOPDUR
‡ 5DPtUH]0RUDOHV0DUWtQ
‡ 0HGUDQR+HUQiQGH]
'LDQD0DUJDULWD
‡ $ORQVR6HUUDOGH'LDQD,W]HO
‡ 9i]TXH]2UWL]5LFDUGR
-DQQHW5DPtUH]'tD]
([DPHQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVJHQHUDOHV
?%5J#,8%,%@#/%3M,NO,8%,V%$*%*+L
$UPDQGR/R]DQR6iQFKH]
([DPHQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVJHQHUDOHV
?%5J#,8%,%@#/%3M,NW,8%,V%$*%*+L
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ 9.#@+"A#,-#&(5(#,:&%B#38*+
‡ 5DPtUH]'HOD&UX]&DUORV
‡ 0XQJXtD2VRUQR(UHQ
‡ *XGLxR6LPyQ-HV~V
‡ &DSHOR/ySH]0D[LPLQR
‡ 0DUWtQH])ORUHV6HUJLR
Información proporcionada por la
Secretaría Escolar.
‡ 0H]D+HUQiQGH]7DQLD
$SROLQDU0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
'()*+,+-*
‡ %XHQR6DOD]DU$QD*DEULHOD
‡ &DO]DGD3DFKHFR$UDFHOL
‡ 0HOpQGH]$\DOD$QWRQLR
‡ 7pOOH]$UULROD7KDOLD$QDKL
‡ &RURQHO(VSHMHO-XOLR6HUJLR
‡ 0RWD=DPRUDeULND%HDWUL]
‡ /LFRQD,W]PR\RWO$UWXUR
‡ 6DQWRV5RGUtJXH]1DOOHO\/LOLDQD
‡ D"+*(+,9#"#",4E"1+*,:&$%*1+
‡ &DUUDQ]D(VSLQR'HQQLVH$ULDQD
‡ &HUYDQWHV6DOJDGR0DUFR$QWRQLR
‡ 2OYHUD0DUWtQH]$OPD$QJpOLFD
‡ 'H$QGD6DQWLDJR-DYLHU
‡ 6DOJDGR2OYHUD)HUQDQGR
‡ (VWUDGD5DPtUH]0LULD
‡ 5HJDODGR0RUDOHV/HWLFLD
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
.7?(@,=A;)6?8/7*B
‡ 5LYDGHQH\UD)LJXHURD1DWKDO\
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
,,,
,,,,,,,
#0,;,:-*
‡ &UX]0RUiQ&DUORV$XUHOLR
‡ =DFDWHQFR&UX]&DUORV(SLIDQLR
‡ 5H\HV0HQD'DYLG
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ 6LOYD&DVWDxHGD6DQGUD
9DQHVVD0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ %RUMDV5RPHUR$GULDQD(GLWK
‡ 3LODUHV5RGUtJXH]eULND
1DWDOL0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ +HUQiQGH]9DOHQFLD$OHMDQGUR
‡ 9DOHQFLD$UULHWD-RFHO\Q
‡ &DPSRV*RQ]iOH]/LOLD$QJpOLFD
‡ +HUQiQGH]3LQWRU'DYLG
‡ &UX]6iQFKH]6HUJLR
‡ ÉYLOD1DUYiH],UHQH$QJpOLFD
‡ 7]RPSD6RVD%HDWUL]
A;+(;7(/-*=97C7B
‡ 6DQWLDJR9LFXxD5LFDUGR$EHO
‡ F#/+*#,4+)+#,-*%1%&,!)+33%
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ 5DPtUH]*DUFtD%ODQFD$OLFLD
0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ /HPXV+HUQiQGH]9tFWRU'DQLHO
‡ F#)#&#,?#*G#",H*(I#,:&%B#38*#
%(B*07,;(?=A;8(/;*07,;*B(?
‡ 4%*(,;&#1%35J(,:&$%*1+,!"(8*+
‡ )ORUHV0pQGH]0DUtDGH-HV~V
‡ 0DUWtQH]3DEOR3iQÀOR
‡ *RQ]iOH]/DULRV$ULVEH
‡ 5RMDV5RGUtJXH]$OGRV6
‡ &KiYH]+HUQiQGH]:DQHUJHV
‡ %LFLHW0HQGR]D'RQL
A;+D=(;=9,:E68*07<;
‡ 3HxD+HUQiQGH]&DQG\(OL]DEHWK
‡ 7UHMR5DPtUH]$DUyQ'DYLG
‡ $UDQD-iFRPH(OL0DQXHO
‡ $JXLODU&RUGHUR/HRQDUGR$UWXUR
‡ 0RUHQR-LPpQH]1DQF\/LOLDQD
‡ *yPH]2UR]FR0LULDP
‡ %DXWLVWD3DVWUDQD0D(XJHQLD
‡ 0DUWtQH]9DOGRYLQRV-DVVLHO
‡ 0DWD1LHWR$GULDQD(OL]DEHWK
‡ 6DDYHGUD)ORUHV'DQLHO
‡ -#*5G#,:*(#",H*(I#,?L
‡ %HOOR6iQFKH]2PDU
‡ 'tD]*DUFtD'DQLHOD
‡ 6iQFKH]5DPRV0DUtDGHO
A;+D=F(0G;70*=#BH08/70*
‡ *RQ]iOH]&RULD$GROIR
‡ 5RGUtJXH]0RUHQR
5RFtR0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
‡ &RUWH]5RPHUR'DPDULV
%HUHQLFH0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
5D\PXQGR0LJXHO
‡ %DUDMDV0HQGR]D0DULR-RVXp
I,07,B,+-*
‡ /ySH]3pUH]+XJR
‡ 0pQGH]5RPHUR&pVDU$OHMDQGUR
‡ 'XDUWH3LQHGD0HQDQGUR
‡ 6RULDQR*DUFtD-XDQ&DUORV
‡ 5RGUtJXH]9LOODQXHYD5LFDUGR
‡ 'tD],VODV'DYLG$OIRQVR
‡ K#5J%5+,9#$#&&%*+,!"*#%&,
eULFN0HQFLyQ+RQRUtÀFD
Información proporcionada
por el Departamento de
Servicios Escolares
‡ -LPpQH]GH-HV~V/XLV0DQXHO
‡ &UX]0DFKXFD-DLPH
!"
/0&"1&23&4$&5$6+$+7&4$&28/8