Cap 13- Vulnerabilidad funcional del haya (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Anuncio
Impactos y Vulnerabilidad
I. Aranda
,1,$&,)25'HSDUWDPHQWRGH(FRORJtD\*HQpWLFD)RUHVWDO*UXSRGH*HQyPLFD\(FR¿VLRORJtD)RUHVWDO
Carretera de la Coruña Km7.5, 28040 Madrid
Correo electrónico: [email protected]
13
Vulnerabilidad funcional del haya (Fagus sylvatica L.)
DQWHXQHVFHQDULRGHLQFUHPHQWRHQODLQWHQVL¿FDFLyQ
y recurrencia de los periodos secos
Resultados clave
‡(OKD\DFagus sylvatica L.HVXQDHVSHFLHWHPSODGD
FRQ XQD DOWD YXOQHUDELOLGDG D OD LQWHQVL¿FDFLyQ GH ORV
SHULRGRV VHFRV SUHGLFKRV HQ ORV IXWXURV HVFHQDULRV GH
FDPELRFOLPiWLFR
‡ 3HVH D VX DOWD YXOQHUDELOLGDG IUHQWH DO IXWXUR
LQFUHPHQWR GH OD DULGH] D FRUWR SOD]R HV HVSHUDEOH XQ
HIHFWR GLIHUHQFLDO VREUH HO DUERODGR GHSHQGLHQGR GH OD
ORFDOLGDG\HVWUXFWXUDGHODPDVDIRUHVWDO
‡ /DViUHDVPiVSHULIpULFDV\PDUJLQDOHVGHVXiUHDGH
GLVWULEXFLyQVRQODVTXHGHPDQGDQFRQPD\RUXUJHQFLD
PHGLGDV GH DGDSWDFLyQ SDUD FRQWUDUUHVWDU ORV SRVLEOHV
HIHFWRV DGYHUVRV GHO FDPELR FOLPiWLFR \D TXH VRQ ODV
TXH SXHGHQ PDQLIHVWDU XQD PD\RU YXOQHUDELOLGDG DO
LQFUHPHQWRGHODDULGH]
Contexto
Sensibilidad frente a la sequía en las zonas principales
del área de distribución
(OKD\DFagus sylvatica/HVXQDHVSHFLHGH
DPSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQHQ&HQWUR(XURSDSHURVXSUHVHQFLD
HQ OD SHQtQVXOD LEpULFD TXHGD UHVWULQJLGD D OD PHGLD
PRQWDxD GHO WHUFLR 1RUWH 3HQLQVXODU \ DOJXQRV Q~FOHRV
DLVODGRV GHO 6LVWHPD ,EpULFR \ &HQWUDO 6X SULQFLSDO
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDHFROyJLFDYLHQHPDUFDGDSRUVXWROHUDQFLD
DODVRPEUD\SRUXQDDOWDVHQVLELOLGDGDOHVWUpVKtGULFR
$UDQGDHWDO'LFKDVHQVLELOLGDGKD
VLGRFRQVWDWDGDHQDxRVSXQWXDOPHQWHVHFRVHQKD\HGRV
GH )UDQFLD \ $OHPDQLD *UDQLHU HW DO 5HQQHQEHUJHWDO%UpGDHWDOSHURGHPDQHUD
VLJQL¿FDWLYD WUDV OD LPSRUWDQWH VHTXtD DFRPSDxDGD GH
XQDRODGHFDORUHQHO año 2003TXHDIHFWyDLPSRUWDQWHV
]RQDV GH &HQWUR (XURSD \ TXH HQ DxRV SRVWHULRUHV VH
WUDGXMR HQ UHGXFFLRQHV GHO FUHFLPLHQWR \ VtQWRPDV GH
GHFDLPLHQWRGHODUERODGR/HX]LQJHUHWDO*UDQLHU
HWDO(QHVWHVHQWLGRXQHOHPHQWRFRPRHVODIDOWD
GH DJXD HVWi HPSH]DQGR D VHU FRQVLGHUDGR HQ PXFKRV
SDtVHVHXURSHRVXQSUREOHPDTXHSRGUtDDIHFWDUDHVFDOD
UHJLRQDO OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG GH OD HVSHFLH HQ HO IXWXUR
5HQQHQEHUJHWDOVLELHQHOWHPDHVREMHWR
GH GHEDWH $PPHU HW DO %ROWH HW DO 3RU
HOORORVHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVVREUHODUHVSXHVWDIXQFLRQDO
D OD VHTXtD HQ ORV OtPLWHV PiV PHULGLRQDOHV GHO iUHD GH
GLVWULEXFLyQ VRQ GH JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD SRU UHSUHVHQWDU
VLWXDFLRQHV GH PD\RU UHVWULFFLyQ KtGULFD HGi¿FD \
DWPRVIpULFD $UDQGD HW DO 3HxXHODV HW DO )RWHOOL HW DO &DQR HW DO < SRU RWUD SDUWH
UHSUHVHQWDQVLWXDFLRQHVPiVSUy[LPDVDODVSUHGLFFLRQHV
IXWXUDVSDUDRWUDVUHJLRQHVVHSWHQWULRQDOHV
Sensibilidad frente a la sequía en la península ibérica
/D LQIRUPDFLyQ GLVSRQLEOH VREUH OD UHVSXHVWD
IXQFLRQDO GHO KD\D JHVWLyQ GHO DJXD \ OD ¿MDFLyQ GH
FDUERQR VH GHULYDQ HQ JUDQ SDUWH GH ORV HVWXGLRV
UHDOL]DGRVHQGRVáreasHQODVTXHODHVSHFLHVHHQFXHQWUD
en su límite meridional, y en dónde debe afrontar algunos
años FRQ FRQGLFLRQHV DPELHQWDOHV OHMRV GH VX ySWLPR
HFROyJLFR$VtHQHOPDFL]RGHO0RQWVHQ\&DWDOXxDVH
KDQUHDOL]DGRGLYHUVRVHVWXGLRVTXHSRQHQGHPDQL¿HVWR
ORVLPSRUWDQWHVSUREOHPDVDVRFLDGRVDODIUDJPHQWDFLyQ
HQ ORV OtPLWHV SUHSLUHQDLFRV -XPS 3HxXHODV \ SRU RWUD HO DOWR JUDGR GH DIHFFLyQ GH OD HVSHFLH HQ
WpUPLQRV GH FUHFLPLHQWR H LQFOXVR GHVSOD]DPLHQWR
DOWLWXGLQDOFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHXQSURJUHVLYRGHWHULRUR
FOLPiWLFR UHFLHQWH 3HxXHODV HW DO -XPS HW DO
3RURWURODGRHQ0RQWHMRGHOD6LHUUDORFDOLGDG
VLWXDGD HQ HO 6LVWHPD &HQWUDO 0DGULG VH KD DQDOL]DGR
GHPDQHUDLQWHQVLYDODUHVSXHVWDIXQFLRQDOGHODHVSHFLH
199
(V XQD VLWXDFLyQ PiV PHULGLRQDO TXH HO 0RQWVHQ\ \
\D UHSUHVHQWD FLHUWD PDUJLQDOLGDG SDUD OD HVSHFLH HQ OR
UHODWLYRDVXH[WHQVLyQ\FRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV(VHQ
HVWDVHJXQGDORFDOLGDG\JUDFLDVDORVHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRV
HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV HQ GRQGH VH KD FRQVWDWDGR OD JUDQ
VHQVLELOLGDG GHO KD\D DQWH OD SUHVHQFLD GH SHULRGRV
VHFRV$VSHFWR TXH VH KD REVHUYDGR D GLVWLQWDV HVFDODV
RQWRJpQLFDVGHVGHHOEULQ]DOHQVXVSULPHURVDxRVGXUDQWH
ODIDVHGHUHFOXWDPLHQWR$UDQGDHWDO
KDVWDHOiUERODGXOWR\HOGRVHOHQVXFRQMXQWR$UDQGDHW
DO&DQRHWDO
,JXDOPHQWH VH KD SXHVWR GH PDQL¿HVWR OD
LPSRUWDQFLD GH ODV SREODFLRQHV LEpULFDV SRU VX PD\RU
FDSDFLGDGGHDGDSWDFLyQDODVHTXtDHQUHODFLyQDRWUDV
SREODFLRQHV VHSWHQWULRQDOHV 6iQFKH]*yPH] HW DO
5REVRQHWDOVLHPSUHGHQWURGHORV
HVWUHFKRVPiUJHQHVPDUFDGRVSRUODEDMDWROHUDQFLDGHOD
HVSHFLHJHQHUDODODVHTXtD
Otros elementos al margen de la regionalidad que
condicionan la respuesta a la sequía
/D VHQVLELOLGDG DO HVWUpV KtGULFR HVWi
FRQGLFLRQDGD QR VóOR SRU IDFWRUHV LQWUtQVHFRV FRPR OD
DGDSWDFLyQ ORFDO VLQR WDPELpQ SRU IDFWRUHV H[WUtQVHFRV
FRPR HO PLFURFOLPD R OD SUHVHQFLD GH VXHORV GH DOWD
FDSDFLGDGGHUHWHQFLyQGHDJXDTXHSXHGDQDWHPSHUDUORV
HIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVGHULYDGRVGHODIDOWDGHSUHFLSLWDFLRQHV
/DHVWUXFWXUDGHODPDVDIRUHVWDOHQWpUPLQRVGHGHQVLGDG
GHO DUERODGR YDQ GHU 0DDWHQ FODVHV GH HGDG
0pULDQ /HERXUJHRLV \ HO FDUiFWHU PRQR
HVSHFt¿FR R PL[WR GH OD PLVPD 3UHW]VFK HW DO &RQGpV HW DO VRQ WRGRV HOORV HOHPHQWRV TXH
FRQGLFLRQDQ HO FRQVXPR GH DJXD GHO DUERODGR$Vt SRU
HMHPSOR XQD DOWD GHQVLGDG GH OD PDVD FRPR HQ RWUDV
HVSHFLHV IRUHVWDOHV GHYLHQH HQ XQD H[DFHUEDFLyQ GH OD
FRPSHWHQFLD SRU HO DJXD OR TXH UHVXOWD HVSHFLDOPHQWH
GDxLQRHQDxRVPX\VHFRV(QUHODFLyQFRQODFRPSRVLFLyQ
HVSHFt¿FDGHODPDVDIRUHVWDOVHKDREVHUYDGRXQDPD\RU
FDSDFLGDGGHVRSRUWDUHYHQWRVGHVHTXtDFXDQGRHOKD\D
DSDUHFH HQ PH]FOD FRQ RWUDV HVSHFLHV FRPR ORV UREOHV
/DHVWUXFWXUD\FRPSRVLFLyQIRUHVWDOPRGXODQHQ~OWLPR
WpUPLQR OD VHQVLELOLGDG GHO KD\D \ ORV KD\HGRV IUHQWH D
SHULRGRVVHFRV(VSRUHOORTXHHOHOHPHQWRKLVWyULFR\GH
PDQHMRGHODVPDVDVGHKD\DHVXQHOHPHQWRLPSRUWDQWH
DOFRQVLGHUDUVXHVWDGRDFWXDO\VXSRVLEOHGHYHQLUHQXQ
HVFHQDULRGHFDPELRFOLPiWLFR
7RGRV ORV IDFWRUHV VHxDODGRV LQWHUYLHQHQ
PRGXODQGRHOiUHDDFWXDO\IXWXUDRFXSDGDSRUODHVSHFLH
(QHVWHVHQWLGRGHEHVHxDODUVHTXHHQWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHV
\DSDUWLUGHORVGDWRVGHOLQYHQWDULRIRUHVWDOGHORV~OWLPRV
GLH]DxRVQRVHREVHUYDQLPSRUWDQWHVGLVPLQXFLRQHVGH
ODV PDVDV GH KD\D (Q DOJXQDV UHJLRQHV FRPR 1DYDUUD
LQFOXVR VH PXHVWUD FRPR XQD HVSHFLH SXMDQWH FRQ DOWD
FDSDFLGDGGH UHJHQHUDUVH D OD VRPEUD GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV
FRPR Pinus sylvestris R ORV UREOHGDOHV GH Quercus
petraea3RUHOORHVHVSHUDEOHTXHODVSREODFLRQHVPiV
YXOQHUDEOHV VHDQ DTXHOODV VLWXDGDV HQ ORV OtPLWHV GHO
iUHD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH PD\RU PHULGLRQDOLGDG \ HQ ODV
TXHODHVSHFLHUHSUHVHQWDXQHOHPHQWR\DFDVLPDUJLQDO
HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG 6L ELHQ HQ DOJXQRV FDVRV FRPR HO
0RQFD\R OD HVSHFLH SDUHFH PDQWHQHU FLHUWD FDSDFLGDG
GH UHFRORQL]DFLyQ GH QXHYRV HQFODYHV SHVH DO FDUiFWHU
OLPtWURIHGHODHVWDFLyQ\HOPDOHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
GHODVPDVDV+HUQDQGRHWDO
200
Resultados y discusión
Aspectos funcionales de la respuesta de la especie frente
a los periodos secos
/D HVSHFLH PXHVWUD XQD JUDQ VHQVLELOLGDG D OD
IDOWD GH DJXD HQ HO VXHOR \ OD DWPyVIHUD $UDQGD HW DO
$UDQGDHWDOFRQXQHIHFWRGLUHFWRVREUHOD
UHJXODFLyQ HVWRPiWLFD GH ODV SpUGLGDV GH DJXD FRPR VH
KDSRGLGRFRQVWDWDUHQKD\HGRVVLWXDGRVDOERUGHGHOiUHD
GH GLVWULEXFLyQ HQ ORV GLIHUHQWHV HVWXGLRV IXQFLRQDOHV
OOHYDGRV D FDER GHVGH HO DxR HQ 0RQWHMR GH OD
6LHUUD (VWD UHJXODFLyQ TXH HQ SULQFLSLR WHQGUtD XQ
HIHFWRSRVLWLYRFRPRPHFDQLVPRGHPLQLPL]DFLyQGHODV
SpUGLGDVGHDJXDWLHQHXQLPSDFWRGLUHFWRQHJDWLYRVREUH
ODFDSDFLGDGGH¿MDFLyQGHFDUERQR$UDQGDHWDO
)RWHOOLHWDO$UDQGDHWDO&DQRHWDO
'HWDOPDQHUDTXHHOFRQWUROGHODVSpUGLGDVGHDJXDOOHYD
SDUHMRHQSULPHUDLQVWDQFLDXQDXPHQWRGHODH¿FLHQFLD
HQHOXVRGHHVWHUHFXUVRSHURQRSDUHFHFRUUHVSRQGHUVH
FRQ XQD PHMRUD GHO FUHFLPLHQWR EDMR FRQGLFLRQHV GH
HVWUpVKtGULFR3RUHOFRQWUDULRVHREVHUYDXQDSpUGLGDGH
FDSDFLGDGSRUSDUWHGHOKD\DSDUDDFWXDUFRPRVXPLGHUR
GH FDUERQR WDO \ FRPR VH KD SXHVWR GH PDQL¿HVWR HQ
HVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVHQHO0RQWVHQ\3HxXHODVHWDO
(QHVWHVHQWLGRHODXPHQWRGHODH¿FLHQFLDHQHO
XVRGHODJXDDPHGLRODUJRSOD]RSDUDODHVSHFLHQRHV
VLQRUHÀHMRGHXQLQFUHPHQWRHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHHVWUpV
KtGULFRDQLYHOORFDO$QWHHVWDVVLWXDFLRQHVH[WUHPDVORV
IHQyPHQRV GH SpUGLGD GH OD IXQFLRQDOLGDG GHO VLVWHPD
KLGUD~OLFR:RUWHPDQQHWDO%DULJDKHWDO
HO SURJUHVLYR DJRWDPLHQWR GH ODV UHVHUYDV GH FDUERQR
GHO iUERO VREUH WRGR HQ OD DOEXUD IXQFLRQDO *pUDUG %UpGD\HODXPHQWRHQODDIHFFLyQSRUSDWyJHQRV
-XQJ VH SXHGHQ FRQVWLWXLU HQ HOHPHQWRV TXH
LQWHQVL¿TXHQHOGHFDLPLHQWR\ODPRUWDQGDGGHODUERODGR
HQODViUHDVPiVPDUJLQDOHV$OOHQDQG%UHVKHDUV
0F'RZHOOHWDO
3RURWUDSDUWHGHEHFRQWHPSODUVHXQHOHPHQWRQR
VLHPSUHFRQVLGHUDGRHQORVPRGHORVGHFDPELRFOLPiWLFR
FRPRHVHODXPHQWRGHODGHPDQGDHYDSRUDWLYD'39±
Gp¿FLWHQODSUHVLyQGHYDSRUGHDJXDGHODDWPyVIHUD
D VX YH] FRQVHFXHQFLD GLUHFWD GHO LQFUHPHQWR WpUPLFR
(VWHIHQyPHQRVHXQLUtDDOLQFUHPHQWRHQODIUHFXHQFLDH
LQWHQVLGDGGHODVVHTXtDV,3&&7DQWRORVHVWXGLRV
UHDOL]DGRVDQLYHOGHURGDOTXHDERUGDQHOHIHFWRGHO'39
VREUH OD UHJXODFLyQ KtGULFD *UDQLHU HW DO FRPR
VREUH HO FUHFLPLHQWR /HQG]LRQ /HXVFKQHU HVWDEOHFHQXPEUDOHVGHVHQVLELOLGDGSDUDODGLVPLQXFLyQ
GHODFRQGXFWDQFLD¿VLROyJLFDGHOGRVHODOYDSRUGHDJXD
UHJXODFLyQGHODWUDQVSLUDFLyQSRUHOGRVHOIRUHVWDORHO
SURSLRFUHFLPLHQWRGHODUERODGRHQWUH±N3D*UDQLHU
HWDOeVWHUDQJRVHYHIUHFXHQWHPHQWHVXSHUDGRV
HQDOJXQRVKD\HGRVGHODSHQtQVXODLEpULFDDOFDQ]iQGRVH
FRQ IUHFXHQFLD YDORUHV GH GHPDQGD HYDSRUDWLYD SRU
HQFLPD GH ORV N3D $UDQGD HW DO 3RU RWUD
SDUWH ODV VHTXtDV HGi¿FD \ DWPRVIpULFD SRGUtDQ YHUVH
FRPSHQVDGDV SRU XQ DXPHQWR HQ ORV QLYHOHV GH &2 GH
ODDWPyVIHUDHQHOIXWXUR6LQHPEDUJRVRQPXFKDVODV
LQFHUWLGXPEUHV DQWH HVWD SRVLEOH FRPSHQVDFLyQ SRU HO
LQFUHPHQWRGHODIXHQWHGHFDUERQR\VXHIHFWRVREUHORV
KD\HGRVFRPRVXPLGHURVGHGLFKRFDUERQR/DIDOWDGH
LQIRUPDFLyQRORSRFRFRQFOX\HQWHVTXHVRQDOUHVSHFWR
HOEDMRQ~PHURGHHVWXGLRVTXHKDQDERUGDGRHVWHWHPD
D IHFKD GH KR\ KDFHQ GLItFLO XQ SURQyVWLFR VREUH ORV
HIHFWRVGHOHQULTXHFLPLHQWRHQ&2GHODDWPyVIHUDFRPR
DWHQXDQWH GH ORV HIHFWRV QHJDWLYRV GHO HVWUpV KtGULFR
+HDWK.HUVWLHQV%DGHUHWDO
(Q FXDOTXLHU FDVR HV HVSHUDEOH TXH OD JUDQ
VHQVLELOLGDGDODVHTXtDHGi¿FD\DWPRVIpULFDVHWUDGX]FD
HQXQDUHGXFFLyQHQHOSRWHQFLDOGH¿MDFLyQGHFDUERQRHQ
HOIXWXURGHODHVSHFLHHQDTXHOODV]RQDVPiVVXVFHSWLEOHV
GHXQLQFUHPHQWRHQODDULGH]GHOFOLPD(VWRVHSRGUtD
WUDGXFLU HQ XQ SURJUHVLYR GHWHULRUR GHO DUERODGR DGXOWR
FRQODDSDULFLyQGHSURFHVRVGHGHFDLPLHQWRGHODVKD\DV
HQDTXHOODVORFDOLGDGHVTXH\DHQODDFWXDOLGDGHVWiQHQ
ORV OtPLWHV HFROyJLFRV SDUD OD HVSHFLH \ HQ GRQGH D XQ
LQFLSLHQWHGDxRHQHODUERODGRHQWpUPLQRVGHSXQWLVHFDGR
GHODVFRSDVHQDxRVPX\VHFRVOHSXHGHVHJXLUHQDxRV
SRVWHULRUHVODPXHUWHGHWRGRHOiUERO)LJXUD$HVWRVH
OHSRGUtDQDxDGLUSUREOHPDVHQODVWDVDVGHUHFOXWDPLHQWR
GHQXHYRVLQGLYLGXRVGXUDQWHODIDVHGHUHJHQHUDFLyQSRU
VXSHUDUVH ORV XPEUDOHV GH WROHUDQFLD DO HVWUpV KtGULFR D
QLYHOGHHVSHFLH
Figura 1
Figura 1. Ejemplo
Ej
lo de fen
fenóme
fenómeno
óme de dec
decaim
decaimiento
aimien
iento en árb
árbole
árboles
ole sometidos
tid a un
n inte
iintenso periodo
riodo
rio
do de sequía
uía en do
donde
nde lo
loss daño
ddaños
año varían,
arí de
desde
sde el secado
de ramas, a un grado de afección de todo el árbol (superior). La sintomatología en el fenómeno de decaimiento se caracteriza por un progresivo
DFODUDPLHQWRGHODVFRSDVLQIHULRURVHFDGRGHDOJXQDVUDPDVTXHÀQDOPHQWHSXHGHGHYHQLUHQODPXHUWHGHOiUEROFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVXFHVLyQ
de varios años excepcionalmente secos (Hayedo de Montejo de la Sierra, Madrid).
Fuente: Ismael Aranda.
Variabilidad inter-poblacional en respuesta a la sequía
$ SHVDU GH OD EDMD WROHUDQFLD D OD VHTXtD GH OD
HVSHFLH ORV IHQyPHQRV GH DGDSWDFLyQ ORFDO SRGUtDQ
DWHPSHUDU HQ SDUWH ORV HIHFWRV DGYHUVRV GH XQD
LQWHQVL¿FDFLyQ GH ORV SHULRGRV VHFRV /DV SREODFLRQHV
GH KD\D GH OD SHQtQVXOD LEpULFD FRPR RWUDV GHO (VWH \
6XUGH(XURSDSDUHFHQPDQWHQHUHQVXDFHUERJHQpWLFR
XQ SRWHQFLDO DGDSWDWLYR TXH SRGUtD PLQLPL]DU ORV
HIHFWRVJHQHUDOHVGHXQKLSRWpWLFRHPSHRUDPLHQWRGHODV
FRQGLFLRQHV HFROyJLFDV SDUD OD HVSHFLH HQ VLWXDFLRQHV
PDUJLQDOHV*DUFtD3OD]DROD%HFHUULO6iQFKH]
*yPH] HW DO /D UHVSXHVWD GH ODV SREODFLRQHV
PDUJLQDOHV )RWHOOL HW DO 5REVRQ HW DO LQFOXVR GH DOJXQDV FHQWURHXURSHDV SHUR RULJLQDULDV GH
VLWXDFLRQHVHFROyJLFDVFRQXQEDMRUpJLPHQSOXYLRPpWULFR
HQHOOXJDUGHRULJHQ3HXNHHWDOVXJLHUHQTXHOD
HVSHFLHDOEHUJDXQJUDGRGHYDULDELOLGDGLQWUDHVSHFt¿FD
IUHQWHDOHVWUpVKtGULFRLPSRUWDQWHHQUDVJRVIXQFLRQDOHV
\ PRUIROyJLFRV 0HLHU /HXVFKQHU 5RVH HW DO
5REVRQ HW DO R IHQROyJLFRV 5REVRQ HW
DO 'LFKR SRWHQFLDO HV VXVFHSWLEOH GH SRGHU VHU
DSURYHFKDGRSDUDHQVD\RVGHPLJUDFLyQDVLVWLGDPHGLDQWH
OD LQWURGXFFLyQ HQ OD SREODFLyQ GH QXHYRV PDWHULDOHV
PiV UHVLVWHQWHV D OD VHTXtD VL ELHQ VROR HQ DTXHOODV
VLWXDFLRQHVHQODVTXHUHDOPHQWHVHREVHUYHXQDSpUGLGD
GHDGDSWDELOLGDGSRUSDUWHGHODSREODFLyQORFDO3RURWUD
SDUWHVHSXHGHIDYRUHFHUDWUDYpVGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGH
DOWRV JUDGRV GH GLYHUVLGDG JHQpWLFD HQ ORV UHJHQHUDGRV
QDWXUDOHVRQXHYDVSODQWDFLRQHV
201
Efectos a largo plazo en un contexto de cambio climático
(Q HO FDVR GH ORV KD\HGRV GHO 6XU GH (XURSD
HQ ORV TXH KDEUtD TXH HQFXDGUDU XQD SDUWH LPSRUWDQWH
GH ODV IRUPDFLRQHV GH OD SHQtQVXOD LEpULFD OD VLWXDFLyQ
GHOKD\DHVPX\GHSHQGLHQWHGHODORFDOLGDGFRQVLGHUDGD
$UDQGD HW DO )RWHOOL HW DO $XQTXH HQ
WpUPLQRV JHQHUDOHV VH FRQVWDWD OD SUHVHQFLD GH HIHFWRV
VREUHYHQLGRV HQ HO FUHFLPLHQWR \ OD SURGXFWLYLGDG
GH OD HVSHFLH WUDV XQ HYHQWR H[WUHPR SHM SHULRGRV
H[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHVHFRVRYHUDQRVPX\FiOLGRV3HxXHODV
HWDO/HERXUJHRLVHWDO&DPSLROLHWDO
/RV HIHFWRV VRQ REVHUYDEOHV LQFOXVR GpFDGDV GHVSXpV
LQFOX\HQGR FDPELRV HQ ODV SDXWDV GH FRPSHWHQFLD FRQ
RWUDV HVSHFLHV 6FKDUQZHEHU HW DO &DYLQ HW DO
5HFLHQWHPHQWH VH KD DSXQWDGR D ORFDOLGDGHV
PpVLFDVFRPRVLWXDFLRQHVGHXQDHVSHFLDOVHQVLELOLGDGD
IHQyPHQRV H[WUHPRV GH VHTXtD IUHQWH D ORFDOLGDGHV GH
VLWLRVPiVVHFRVGRQGHODVSREODFLRQHVGHKD\DSRGUtDQ
HVWDUPiVDGDSWDGDVDODVHTXtD\PRVWUDUDFRUWRSOD]R
XQD PD\RU UHVLOLHQFLD LH FDSDFLGDG GH UHFXSHUDU OD
HVWUXFWXUD \ IXQFLyQ GHVSXpV GH XQD SHUWXUEDFLyQ 'L
)LOLSSRHWDO:HEHUHWDO(QFXDOTXLHUFDVR
ODV SDXWDV DSXQWDGDV VH YHUiQ PRGXODGDV \ HQ DOJXQRV
FDVRVDJUDYDGDVSRUHOHIHFWRGLIHUHQFLDOTXHODVVHTXtDV
WHQJDQVREUHHOKD\D\VREUHODVHVSHFLHVDFRPSDxDQWHV
$UDQGD HW DO 5DIWR\DQQLV \ 5DGRJORX /HX]LQJHU HW DO %ROWH HW DO 0HLHU HW DO
3RU RWUD SDUWH HO DXPHQWR HQ OD YDULDELOLGDG
FOLPiWLFDSXHGHFRQVWLWXLUVHHQXQPD\RUULHVJRSDUDOD
UHVLOLHQFLD GH OD HVSHFLH \ WHQHU XQ HIHFWR PXFKR PiV
QHJDWLYR TXH XQ FDPELR HQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV FOLPiWLFDV
SURPHGLR D QLYHO UHJLRQDO 5H\HU HW DO $XQTXH
XQDXPHQWRGHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVSXHGHLQFOXVRIDYRUHFHU
HO DYDQFH GH OD HVSHFLH HQ ORFDOLGDG VHSWHQWULRQDOHV HO
DXPHQWR HQ OD IUHFXHQFLD GH DxRV H[FHSFLRQDOPHQWH
VHFRV WUDV DxRV IDYRUDEOHV SRGUtD WUDGXFLUVH HQ XQ
SURJUHVLYRGHFDLPLHQWRGHODVSREODFLRQHVPHULGLRQDOHV
7RGRHOORSHVHDSRGHUWHQHUDSULRULXQDPHMRUFDSDFLGDG
GH UHVSXHVWD WDQWR SRU IHQyPHQRV GH DGDSWDFLyQ ORFDO
FRPRGHSODVWLFLGDGIHQRWtSLFDTXHODVSREODFLRQHVPiV
VHSWHQWULRQDOHVGHOQ~FOHRFHQWUDOGHODHVSHFLH3HxXHODV
DQG %RDGD (Q ODV SREODFLRQHV HVSDxRODV PiV
SUy[LPDVDORVOtPLWHVGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHOKD\D\DVHKDQ
REVHUYDGRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVKDFLDPD\RUHVDOWLWXGHVFRPR
HQHOPDFL]RGHO0RQWVHQ\-XPSHWDOHQGRQGH
DOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRVHOHSXHGHHVWDUVXSHUSRQLHQGRXQ
FDPELR HQ HO XVR GHO WHUULWRULR FRQ OD UHVXOWDQWH GH XQ
UHWUDLPLHQWRGHOiUHDRFXSDGDSRUODHVSHFLHHQODV]RQDV
GHPHQRUDOWLWXG(QRWUDVVLWXDFLRQHVFRPRHO0RQFD\R
+HUQDQGR HW DO R HO 6LVWHPD &HQWUDO *LO HW DO
OD VLWXDFLyQ QR HV WDQ SUHRFXSDQWH DXQTXH VH
HPSLH]DQDREVHUYDUHQHOVHJXQGRFDVRDOJXQRVVtQWRPDV
GHSXQWLVHFDGR\PRUWDQGDGHQDUERODGRMRYHQ3RURWUD
SDUWH \ FRQVLGHUDQGR XQ iPELWR WHUULWRULDO DPSOLR ORV
PRGHORV GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH OD HVSHFLH HQ HO IXWXUR VRQ
SRFR FRQFOX\HQWHV \ PLHQWUDV DOJXQRV SURQRVWLFDQ
GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV GH OD HVSHFLH D DOWLWXGHV PD\RUHV
9LWDVVHHWDORWURVQRSDUHFHQFRLQFLGLUFRQHVWD
YLVLyQ5DEDVDHWDORDGHODQWDQYDULDFLRQHVSRFR
VLJQL¿FDWLYDV UHVSHFWR D ORV UDQJRV DFWXDOHV *yPH]
$SDULFLRHWDO
Figura 2
Figura
guraa 22. La est
estructur
estructura
tura actu
actual
ctual
al de los ha
hayed
hayedos
yedos españo
españoles
añoles
les ob
obede
obedece
edece a procesoss hist
hhistóricos
istóri
óricos caracterizados
caracter
teriza
izados
dos en mucho
muchos
chos casos por un aprovecha
aprovechamiento
chamie
intensivo de las masas. Bajo estas condiciones es en donde adquieren mayor importancia medidas y actuaciones encaminadas a paliar y mitigar los
efectos del cambio climático, de manera especial en las poblaciones más meridionales y límites de distribución de la especie.
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
202
/D FRQFOXVLyQ TXH VH SXHGH H[WUDHU HV TXH
OD UHVSXHVWD IXWXUD HQ OD SHQtQVXOD LEpULFD GHO KD\D
HVWDUiFRQGLFLRQDGDSRUSURFHVRVDQLYHOORFDOFRQXQD
IXHUWH LQÀXHQFLD VREUH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG GH ODV PDVDV
VHJ~Q ODV FRQGLFLRQHV PLFURFOLPiWLFDV \ HGi¿FDV \
GH ORV PRGHORV \ PHGLGDV GH JHVWLyQ DSOLFDGRV $Vt
SRU HMHPSOR GLVPLQXFLRQHV HQ OD GHQVLGDG GH DOJXQDV
PDVDV HV XQ HOHPHQWR TXH UHSHUFXWLUtD SRVLWLYDPHQWH
D FRUWR SOD]R HQ OD UHVLVWHQFLD \ UHVLOLHQFLD IUHQWH D
SHULRGRVVHFRVYDQGHU0DDWHQ$XQTXHHQOtQHDV
JHQHUDOHV OD PD\RU QHFHVLGDG GH LPSOHPHQWDU PHGLGDV
GH PLWLJDFLyQ VH FLUFXQVFULEH IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH D ODV
]RQDV PDUJLQDOHV )HOLFtVLPR HW DO (V HQ HVWDV
VLWXDFLRQHV GRQGH GHEHUtDQ FRQFHQWUDUVH ORV HVIXHU]RV
GHYLJLODQFLDVREUHODHYROXFLyQGHODVPDVDVIRUHVWDOHV
GHKD\DDVtFRPRLQWHQVL¿FDUORVHVWXGLRVGHUHVSXHVWD
GH OD HVSHFLH GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH VX GLQiPLFD
HFROyJLFD(OHPHQWRVFODYHHQVXIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVRQOD
YDULDFLyQJHQpWLFDLQWUDHLQWHUHVSHFt¿FD\ODSUHVHQFLD
GHHYHQWRVKLVWyULFRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODRFXUUHQFLDGH
VHTXtDVLQWHQVDVRKHODGDVWDUGtDVFRQXQIXHUWHLPSDFWR
HQHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODHVSHFLHHQORVDxRVVLJXLHQWHV
DORVGHOHYHQWRFOLPiWLFRH[WUHPR$GHPiVXQDJHVWLyQ
IRUHVWDO PX\ GLVWLQWD GH DFXHUGR D ODV SDUWLFXODULGDGHV
GH XVR \ DSURYHFKDPLHQWR GH ORV KD\HGRV VHJ~Q HO
WHUULWRULRKDPRGL¿FDGRVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHVXHVWUXFWXUD
\ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HQ UHODFLyQ D OR TXH FDEUtD HVSHUDU
GH PDVDV PiV QDWXUDOL]DGDV /DV SHUVSHFWLYDV GH XQ
FDPELR FOLPiWLFR FRQ LQWHQVL¿FDFLyQ HQ OD LQWHQVLGDG \
UHFXUUHQFLD GH ORV SHULRGRV VHFRV HV SUHYLVLEOH TXH VHD
XQDUHDOLGDGHQHOIXWXURPiVLQPHGLDWRDOPHQRVHQOR
UHODWLYR D DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV \ GHPDQGD HYDSRUDWLYD \
FRQXQPHQRUJUDGRGHFHUWLGXPEUHUHVSHFWRDOUpJLPHQ
SOXYLRPpWULFR(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRGLFKRVSHULRGRVVHFRV
SRGUtDQ FRQYHUWLUVH HQ HOHPHQWRV TXH SURPXHYDQ XQ
GHWHULRUR GH ODV PDVDV HQ VLWXDFLRQHV OLPtWURIHV SDUD OD
HVSHFLH 3RU HOOR HV EDMR HVWDV HVSHFLDOHV VLWXDFLRQHV
GRQGHGHEHQDGRSWDUVHPHGLGDVSDUDSDOLDU\PLWLJDUHQ
ODPHGLGDGHORSRVLEOHORVHIHFWRVDGYHUVRVGHULYDGRVGHO
FDPELR FOLPiWLFR )LJXUD $OJXQDV GH HVWDV PHGLGDV
TXHGDQUHFRJLGDVHQHOVLJXLHQWHDSDUWDGR
Recomendaciones para la adaptación
6HUtD UHFRPHQGDEOH HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH XQ
WDPDxR SREODFLRQDO PtQLPR HQ ODV IRUPDFLRQHV
GH KD\D TXH JDUDQWLFHQ XQ ³pool´ JHQpWLFR
VX¿FLHQWHSDUDDIURQWDUXQSRVLEOHHPSHRUDPLHQWR
GH ODV FRQGLFLRQHV D QLYHO ORFDO (Q HVWH VHQWLGR
VH GHEHUtD SURPRYHU HO LQFUHPHQWR GH OD
FRQHFWLYLGDG HQWUH ODV PDVDV DFWXDOHV VREUH
WRGR HQ ODV VLWXDFLRQHV GH PD\RU YXOQHUDELOLGDG
6LVWHPD &HQWUDO ,EpULFR 0RQFD\R \ KD\HGRV
SUHSLUHQDLFRV
/D DGRSFLyQ GH PHGLGDV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO TXH
PLQLPLFHQODFRPSHWHQFLDSRUORVUHFXUVRVKtGULFRs
HVGHYLWDOLPSRUWDQFLD\GHEHHVWDUHQFDPLQDGD
DODUHGXFFLyQGHODHVSHVXUDGHODVPDVDV(VWRHV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHSDUDVLWXDFLRQHVGHDOWD
VHQVLELOLGDG FRPR ODV DQWHULRUPHQWH FLWDGDV (Q
HVWDPLVPDOtQHDVHUHFRPLHQGDHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR
GH ODV PDVDV PL[WDV GH KD\D FRQ RWUDV HVSHFLHV
SRUYHUVHLQFUHPHQWDGDVXUHVLOLHQFLDDQWHIXWXURV
HYHQWRVGHVHTXtDLQWHQVD
(V WDPELpQ LPSRUWDQWH OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH ODV
SREODFLRQHV VLWXDGDV HQ HO OtPLWH PHULGLRQDO GH
GLVWULEXFLyQ\DTXHSHVHDVXSHTXHxDH[WHQVLyQ
DSDUHQWHPDUJLQDOLGDG\IDOWDGHFRQHFWLYLGDGHQ
DOJXQRV FDVRV SRGUtDQ PDQWHQHU HQ VX DFHUYR
JHQpWLFR XQ PD\RU JUDGR GH WROHUDQFLD DO HVWUpV
TXH SREODFLRQHV PiV VHSWHQWULRQDOHV (Q HVWH
VHQWLGRGHEHQDUWLFXODUVHSODQHVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
³LQVLWX´\³H[VLWX´ GHODVSREODFLRQHVHQPD\RU
ULHVJRSRUVXUHGXFLGDH[WHQVLyQ
(Q ODV iUHDV PiV PDUJLQDOHV GHEHQ HVWDEOHFHUVH
HVWUDWHJLDV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO TXH PD[LPLFHQ
HO DUUDLJR H LPSODQWDFLyQ GH OD HVSHFLH ELHQ GH
PDQHUDQDWXUDORDWUDYpVGHSODQWDFLRQHVVREUH
WRGR EDMR DTXHOODV FRQGLFLRQHV TXH \D GH SRU Vt
HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG QR IDYRUHFHQ VX UHJHQHUDFLyQ
S HM XVR \ JHVWLyQ GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV IRUHVWDOHV
FRPR FXELHUWDV SURWHFWRUDV VHOHFFLyQ GH ]RQDV
TXH PDQWHQJDQ EXHQRV GHVDUUROORV HGi¿FRV R
SODQL¿FDFLyQ D WUDYpV GHO XVR GH FRQGLFLRQHV
PLFURFOLPiWLFDVPiVLGyQHDVSDUDODHVSHFLH
Material suplementario
/D PD\RU SDUWH GH ORV HVWXGLRV FLWDGRV
HQ OD VHFFLyQ GH 5HVXOWDGRV \ 'LVFXVLyQ SDUWHQ
IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH GH XQ HQIRTXH IXQFLRQDO FHQWUDGR
HQ HO DQiOLVLV GH OD UHVSXHVWD ¿VLROyJLFD GH OD HVSHFLH
/RV WUDEDMRV FXEUHQ DSUR[LPDFLRQHV H[SHULPHQWDOHV
OOHYDGDVWDQWREDMRFRQGLFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVHQ0RQWHMRGH
OD6LHUUD$UDQGDHWDODE&DQR
HWDOFRPRHQFRQGLFLRQHVFRQWURODGDVHQHQVD\RV
³common garden´HQFDPSR5REVRQHWDOR
LQYHUQDGHUR6iQFKH]*yPH]HWDO/RVOOHYDGRVD
FDERHQFRQGLFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVVHKDQUHDOL]DGRHQHO6LWLR
1DWXUDOGH,QWHUpV1DFLRQDOFRQRFLGRFRPR³(O+D\HGR
GH 0RQWHMR´ LQWHJUDGR HQ OD 5HVHUYD GH OD %LRVIHUD
GH OD 6LHUUD 3REUH GH 0DGULG 1RURHVWH &RPXQLGDG
$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG6XHVWUXFWXUDHVODGHXQDYLHMD
GHKHVDER\DOHQODTXHFHVyWRGRWLSRGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWR
HQ OD GpFDGD GH ORV DxRV \ TXH HVWi UHSUHVHQWDGD
SRU XQD PDVD PL[WD GH YLHMDV KD\DV Fagus sylvatica)
\ UREOHV Quercus petraea \ Quercus pyrenaica HQ HO
HVWUDWR VXSHULRU TXH HQ PXFKRV FDVRV VREUHSDVDQ ORV
DxRV*LOHWDO\DEXQGDQWHSUHVHQFLDGHIlex
aquifollium HQ HO VRWRERVTXH (QWUH ODV YLHMDV KD\DV VH
KDHVWDEOHFLGRXQDLPSRUWDQWHUHJHQHUDFLyQGHDUERODGR
PiVMRYHQ\DSDUHFHQGHPDQHUDHVSRUiGLFDHMHPSODUHV
GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV FRPR Prunus avium Sorbus
aucuparia Sorbus aria Chrataegus monogyna \
WHVWLPRQLDOPHQWHDOJXQRVHMHPSODUHVGHPinus sylvestris
Taxus baccata Betula pendula Corylus avellana R
Ulmus glabra
'HVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD PHWRGROyJLFR HQ ORV
GLVWLQWRV WUDEDMRV IXQFLRQDOHV VH KDQ XVDGR WpFQLFDV
UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ OD HYDOXDFLyQ GHO HVWDGR KtGULFR GHO
DUERODGR D GLVWLQWDV HVFDODV RQWRJpQLFDV GH OD SOiQWXOD
DO iUERO DGXOWR /RV HVWXGLRV VH KDQ OOHYDGR D FDER HQ
GLVWLQWRV PRPHQWRV D OR ODUJR GHO GtD \ GHO SHULRGR
YHJHWDWLYR \ HQ GLIHUHQWHV DxRV SHM $UDQGD HW DO
/DPHGLGDGHOHVWDGRKtGULFR
VH FRPSOHPHQWy FRQ HO DQiOLVLV GH OD UHJXODFLyQ GHO
LQWHUFDPELR JDVHRVR D GLVWLQWDV HVFDODV GH OD KRMD DO
GRVHO R FRQVLGHUDQGR HO FRQVXPR KtGULFR GH WRGR HO
iUERO$UDQGDHWDO$UDQGDHWDO&DQRHWDO
DGHPiVGHOOHYDUVHDFDERXQVHJXLPLHQWRGHODV
FRQGLFLRQHVPLFURFOLPiWLFDVHQORVDxRVGHHVWXGLR
203
5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiÀFDV
$OOHQ &' %UHVKHDUV '' 'URXJKWLQGXFHG VKLIW
RI D IRUHVW±ZRRGODQGHFRWRQH UDSLG ODQGVFDSH
UHVSRQVH WR FOLPDWH YDULDWLRQ Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, USA $PPHU&$OEUHFKW/%RUFKHUW+%URVLQJHU)'LWWPDU
&+(OOLQJ:(ZDOG-)HOEHUPHLHU%YRQ*LOVD
++XVV-.HQN*.|OOLQJ&+.RKQOH80H\HU
3 0RVDQGO 5 0RRVPD\HU +8 3DOPHU 6 5HLI
$ 5HKIXHVV .( 6WLPP % =XU=XNXQIW
GHU %XFKH Fagus sylvatica LQ 0LWWHOHXURSD
AllgemeineForst- und Jagdzeitung
$UDQGD , *LO / 3DUGRV -$ 6HDVRQDO ZDWHU
UHODWLRQV RI WKUHH EURDGOHDYHG VSHFLHV Fagus
sylvatica/Quercus petraea0DWWXVFKND/LHEO
DQGQuercus pyrenaica:LOOGLQDPL[HGVWDQGLQ
WKHFHQWUHRIWKH,EHULDQ3HQLQVXODForest Ecology
and Management
$UDQGD , *LO / 3DUGRV -$ :DWHU UHODWLRQV DQG
JDV H[FKDQJH LQ Faguss ylvatica / DQG Quercus
petraea 0DWWXVFKND /LHEOLQ D PL[HG VWDQG DW
WKHLUVRXWKHUQOLPLWRIGLVWULEXWLRQLQ(XURSHTrees
- Structure and Function
$UDQGD,*LO/3DUGRV-$(IIHFWVRIWKLQQLQJLQ
DPinus sylvestris/VWDQGRQIROLDUZDWHUUHODWLRQV
RIFagus sylvatica/VHHGOLQJVSODQWHGZLWKLQWKH
SLQHZRRGTrees - Structure and Function
$UDQGD , *LO / 3DUGRV -$ 3K\VLRORJLFDO
UHVSRQVHV RI Fagus sylvatica / VHHGOLQJV XQGHU
Pinus sylvestris / DQG Quercus pyrenaica:LOOG
RYHUVWRULHV Forest Ecology and Management
$UDQGD,*LO/3DUGRV-$,PSURYHPHQWRIJURZWK
FRQGLWLRQVDQGJDVH[FKDQJHRIFagus sylvatica/
VHHGOLQJVSODQWHGEHORZDPinus sylvestris/VWDQG
DIWHUWKLQQLQJWKHSLQHZRRGTrees - Structure and
Function
$UDQGD , *LO / 3DUGRV -$ 6HDVRQDO FKDQJHV
LQ DSSDUHQW K\GUDXOLFFRQGXFWDQFH DQG WKHLU
LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU ZDWHU XVH RI (XURSHDQ EHHFK
Fagus sylvatica / DQG VHVVLOH RDN >Quercus
petraea 0DWW /LHEO@ LQ 6RXWK (XURSH Plant
Ecology
%ROWH$ +LOEULJ / *UXQGPDQQ % .DPSI ) %UXQHW -
5RORII$&OLPDWHFKDQJHLPSDFWVRQVWDQG
VWUXFWXUHDQGFRPSHWLWLYHLQWHUDFWLRQVLQDVRXWKHUQ
6ZHGLVK VSUXFHEHHFK IRUHVW European Journalof
Forest Research
%UpGD1+XF5*UDQLHU$'UH\HU(7HPSHUDWH
IRUHVW WUHHV DQG VWDQGV XQGHU VHYHUH GURXJKW D
UHYLHZ RI HFRSK\VLRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV DGDSWDWLRQ
SURFHVVHV DQG ORQJWHUP FRQVHTXHQFHV Annals
Forest Science
&DPSLROL0*LHOHQ%*|FNHGH03DSDOH'%RXULDXG
2 *UDQLHU $ 7HPSRUDO YDULDELOLW\ RI WKH
133*33 UDWLR DW VHDVRQDO DQG LQWHUDQQXDO WLPH
VFDOHVLQDWHPSHUDWHEHHFKIRUHVWBiogeosciences
&DYLQ/0RXQWIRUG(33HWHUNHQ*)-XPS$6
([WUHPH GURXJKW DOWHUV FRPSHWLWLYH GRPLQDQFH
ZLWKLQDQGEHWZHHQWUHHVSHFLHVLQDPL[HGIRUHVW
VWDQG Functional Ecology '2, &RQGpV6 'HO 5LR 0 6WHUED + 0L[LQJ HIIHFW
RQ YROXPH JURZWK RI Fagus sylvatica DQG Pinus
sylvestris LV PRGXODWHG E\ VWDQG GHQVLW\ Forest
Ecology and Management
'L)LOLSSR$%LRQGL)0DXJHUL06FKLURQH%3LRYHVDQ
* %LRFOLPDWH DQG JURZWK KLVWRU\ DIIHFW
EHHFK OLIHVSDQ LQ WKH ,WDOLDQ$OSV DQG$SHQQLQHV
Global Change Biology
)HOLFtVLPR$00XxR]-0DWHR5*9LOODOED&-
9XOQHUDELOLGDG GH OD ÀRUD \ YHJHWDFLyQ HVSDxRODV
DQWHHOFDPELRFOLPiWLFREcosistemas
)RWHOOL 01 1DKP 0 5DGRJORX . 5HQQHQEHUJ +
+DO\YRSRXORV*0DW]DUDNLV$6HDVRQDODQG
LQWHUDQQXDO HFRSK\VLRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV RI EHHFK
Fagus sylvatica DW LWV VRXWKHDVWHUQ GLVWULEXWLRQ
OLPLWLQ(XURSHForest Ecology and Management
)ULHGULFKV'$7URXHW9%XŽQWJHQ8)UDQN'&(VSHU
- 1HXZLUWK % /|IÀHU - 6SHFLHVVSHFL¿F
FOLPDWH VHQVLWLYLW\ RI WUHH JURZWK LQ &HQWUDO:HVW
*HUPDQ\Trees
$UDQGD,5RGULJXH]&DOFHUUDGD-5REVRQ70&DQR)-
$OWp/6iQFKH]*RPH]'6WRPDWDODQGQRQ
VWRPDWDOOLPLWDWLRQVRQOHDIFDUERQDVVLPLODWLRQLQ
EHHFKFagus sylvatica/VHHGOLQJVXQGHUQDWXUDO
FRQGLWLRQVForest Systems
*DUFtD3OD]DROD -, DQG %HFHUULO -0 (IIHFWV
RI GURXJKW RQ SKRWRSURWHFWLYH PHFKDQLVPV LQ
(XURSHDQ EHHFK Fagus sylvatica / VHHGOLQJV
IURP GLIIHUHQW SURYHQDQFHVTrees - Structure and
Function
%DGWHHU 0.) /HX]LQJHU 6 .HHO 6* 6LHJZROI
57: +DJHGRUQ ) 6FKOHSSL 3 .|UQHU & &HQWUDO (XURSHDQ KDUGZRRG WUHHV LQ D KLJK&2
IXWXUH V\QWKHVLV RI DQ \HDU IRUHVW FDQRS\ &2
HQULFKPHQW SURMHFW Journal of Ecology '2,
*H‰OHU$.HLWHO&.UHX]ZLHVHU-0DW\VVHN56HLOHU:
5HQQHQEHUJ+3RWHQWLDOULVNVIRU(XURSHDQ
EHHFKFagus sylvatica/LQDFKDQJLQJFOLPDWH
Trees %DULJDK 76 &KDUULHU 2 'RXULV 0 %RQKRPPH 0
+HUEHWWH 6 $PpJOLR 7 )LFKRW 5 %ULJQRODV )
204
&RFKDUG + :DWHU VWUHVVLQGXFHG [\OHP
K\GUDXOLFIDLOXUHLVDFDXVDOIDFWRURIWUHHPRUWDOLW\
LQEHHFKDQGSRSODUAnnals of Botany'2,
DREPFW
*pUDUG % %UpGD 1 5DGLDO GLVWULEXWLRQ RI
FDUERK\GUDWH UHVHUYHV LQ WKH WUXQN RI GHFOLQLQJ
(XURSHDQ EHHFK WUHHV Fagus sylvatica / Annals
of Forest Science'RLV
*LO/$ORQVR-/ySH]GH+HUHGLD80LOOHUyQ01DQRV
13HUHD55RGUtJXH]&DOFHUUDGD-9DOEXHQD0
$UDQGD,*RQ]iOH],*RQ]DOR-(O+D\HGR
GH0RQWHMRPXFKRPiVTXHKD\DVForesta
*yPH]$SDULFLR / *DUFtD9DOGHV 5 5Xt]%HQLWR 3
=DYDOD 0$ 'LVHQWDQJOLQJ WKH UHODWLYH
LPSRUWDQFHRIFOLPDWHVL]HDQGFRPSHWLWLRQRQWUHH
JURZWK LQ ,EHULDQ IRUHVWV LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU IRUHVW
PDQDJHPHQWXQGHUJOREDOFKDQJHGlobal Change
Biology
*UDQLHU $ &HVFKLD ( 'DPHVLQ & 'XIUrQH ( (SURQ
' *URVV 3 /HEDXEH 6 /H 'DQWHF9 /H *RII 1
/HPRLQH ' /XFRW ( 2WWRULQL-0 3RQWDLOOHU -<
6DXJLHU % 7KH FDUERQ EDODQFH RI D \RXQJ
%HHFKIRUHVWFunctional Ecology
*UDQLHU$ 5HLFKVWHLQ 0 %UpGD 1 -DQVVHQV ,$ )DOJH
(&LDLV 3 *UXQZDOG 7 $XELQHW 0 %HUELJLHU 3
%HUQKRIHU & %XFKPDQQ 1 )DFLQL 2 *UDVVL *
+HLQHVFK % ,OYHVQLHPL + .HURQHQ 3 .QRKO $
.RVWQHU % /DJHUJUHQ ) /LQGURWK $ /RQJGR]
% /RXVWDX ' 0DWHXV - 0RQWDJQDQL / 1\V &
0RRUV ( 3DSDOH ' 3HLIIHU 0 3LOHJDDUG . 3LWD
*3XPSDQHQ-5DPEDO65HEPDQQ&5RGULJXHV
$6HXIHUW*7HQKXQHQ-9HVDOD,:DQJ4
(YLGHQFHIRUVRLOZDWHUFRQWURORQFDUERQDQGZDWHU
G\QDPLFVLQ(XURSHDQIRUHVWVGXULQJWKHH[WUHPHO\
GU\\HDUAgricultural Forest Meteorology
+HUQDQGR$1~xH]09*DUFtD$EULO$7HMHUD53pUH]
$ Evaluación del estado de conservación
GHO KiELWDW ³+D\HGRV DFLGy¿ORV DWOiQWLFRV´
HQ OD ³'HKHVD GHO 0RQFD\R´ =DUDJR]D 9,,
&RQJUHVR ,EpULFR GH $JURLQJHQLHUtD \ &LHQFLDV
+RUWtFRODV0DGULG$JRVWR
+HDWK-.HUVWLHQV*(IIHFWVRIHOHYDWHG&2RQ
OHDI JDV H[FKDQJH LQ EHHFK DQG RDN DW WZR OHYHOV
RIQXWULHQWVXSSO\FRQVHTXHQFHVIRUVHQVLWLYLW\WR
GURXJKWLQEHHFKPlant Cell and Environment
-XPS$6 3HxXHODV - *HQHWLF HIIHFWV RI FKURQLF
KDELWDW IUDJPHQWDWLRQ LQ D ZLQGSROOLQDWHG WUHH
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA
Forest Ecology Management
/HX]LQJHU 6 =RW] * $VVKRII 5 .|UQHU & 5HVSRQVHV RI GHFLGXRXV IRUHVW WUHHV WR VHYHUH
GURXJKW LQ &HQWUDO (XURSH Tree Physiology 0F'RZHOO1*%HHUOLQJ'-%UHVKHDUV'')LVKHU5$
5DIID .) 6WLWW 0 7KH LQWHUGHSHQGHQFH RI
PHFKDQLVPV XQGHUO\LQJ FOLPDWHGULYHQ YHJHWDWLRQ
PRUWDOLW\Trends in Ecology and Evolution
0pULDQ3/HERXUJHRLV)6L]HPHGLDWHGFOLPDWH
JURZWK UHODWLRQVKLSV LQWHPSHUDWH IRUHVWV D PXOWL
VSHFLHVDQDO\VLVForest Ecology Management
0HLHU (6 (GZDUGV 7& -U.LHQDVW ) 'REEHUWLQ 0
=LPPHUPDQQ 1( &RRFFXUUHQFH SDWWHUQV
RI WUHHV DORQJ PDFURFOLPDWLF JUDGLHQWV DQG WKHLU
SRWHQWLDO LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH SUHVHQW DQG IXWXUH
GLVWULEXWLRQ RI Fagus sylvatica / Journal of
Biogeography
0HLHU ,& /HXVFKQHU&+ *HQRW\SLF YDULDWLRQ
DQG SKHQRW\SLF SODVWLFLW\ LQ WKH GURXJKW UHVSRQVH
RI WKH ¿QH URRW V\VWHP RI (XURSHDQ EHHFK Tree
Physiology
0LFKHORW $ %UpGD 1 'DPHVLQ & 'XIUrQH ( 'LIIHULQJ JURZWK UHVSRQVHV WR FOLPDWLF YDULDWLRQV
DQGVRLOZDWHUGH¿FLWVRIFagus sylvaticaQuercus
petraeaDQGPinus sylvestrisLQDWHPSHUDWHIRUHVW
Forest Ecology and Management
3HxXHODV - %RDGD 0 $ JOREDO FKDQJHLQGXFHG
ELRPHVKLIWLQWKH0RQWVHQ\PRXQWDLQV1(6SDLQ
Global Change Biology
3HxXHODV - +XQW -0 2JD\D 5 -XPS $6 7ZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\FKDQJHVRIWUHHULQJG&DWWKH
VRXWKHUQUDQJHHGJHRIFagus sylvaticaLQFUHDVLQJ
ZDWHUXVH HI¿FLHQF\ GRHV QRW DYRLG WKH JURZWK
GHFOLQH LQGXFHG E\ ZDUPLQJ DW ORZ DOWLWXGHV
Global Change Biology
3HxXHODV - &DQDGHOO -* 2JD\D 5 ,QFUHDVHG
ZDWHUXVH HI¿FLHQF\ GXULQJ WKHWK FHQWXU\ GLG
QRW WUDQVODWH LQWR HQKDQFHG WUHH JURZWK Global
Ecology and Biogeography
-XPS $6 +XQW -0 3HxXHODV - &OLPDWH
UHODWLRQVKLSV RI JURZWK DQG HVWDEOLVKPHQW DFURVV
WKH DOWLWXGLQDO UDQJH RI Fagus sylvatica LQ WKH
0RQWVHQ\0RXQWDLQVQRUWKHDVW6SDLQEcoscience
3HXNH$'6FKUDPO&+DUWXQJ: 5HQQHQEHUJ + ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI GURXJKWVHQVLWLYH EHHFK HFRW\SHV
E\ SK\VLRORJLFDO SDUDPHWHUV New Phytologist
-XQJ 7 %HHFK GHFOLQH LQ &HQWUDO (XURSH GULYHQ
E\WKHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQPhytophthoraLQIHFWLRQV
DQGFOLPDWLFH[WUHPHVForest Pathology
3OXHVV$5:HEHU3'URXJKWDGDSWDWLRQSRWHQWLDO
LQ Fagus sylvatica OLQNLQJ PRLVWXUH DYDLODELOLW\
ZLWKJHQHWLFGLYHUVLW\DQGGHQGURFKURQRORJ\PLoS
ONEH
/HERXUJHRLV ) %UpGD 1 8OULFK ( *UDQLHU $ &OLPDWHWUHHJURZWK UHODWLRQVKLSV RI (XURSHDQ
EHHFKFagus sylvatica/LQWKH)UHQFK3HUPDQHQW
3ORW 1HWZRUN 5(1(&2)25 Trees-Structure
and Function
/HQG]LRQ-/HXVFKQHU&+*URZWKRI(XURSHDQ
EHHFK Fagus sylvatica / VDSOLQJV LV OLPLWHG E\
HOHYDWHG DWPRVSKHULF YDSRXU SUHVVXUH GH¿FLWV
3UHW]VFK+'LHOHU-6HLIHUW75|W]HU7&OLPDWH
HIIHFWVRQSURGXFWLYLW\DQGUHVRXUFHXVHHI¿FLHQF\
RI 1RUZD\ VSUXFH Picea abies / .DUVW DQG
(XURSHDQEHHFKFagus sylvatica/LQVWDQGVZLWK
GLIIHUHQW VSDWLDO PL[LQJ SDWWHUQV Trees-Structure
and Function
5DIWR\DQQLV < 5DGRJORX . 3K\VLRORJLFDO
205
UHVSRQVHV RI EHHFK DQG VHVVLOH RDN LQ D QDWXUDO
PL[HGVWDQGGXULQJDGU\VXPPHUAnnals Botany
5HQQHQEHUJ + 6HLOHU : 0DW\VVHN 5 *HVVOHU
$.UHX]ZLHVHU-'LH%XFKHFagus sylvatica
/ ±HLQ :DOGEDXPRKQH =XNXQIWLPVGOLFKHQ
0LWWHXURSD" AllgemeineForst- und Jagdzeitung
5HQQHQEHUJ + /RUHWR ) 3ROOH $ %ULOOL ) )DUHV 6
%HQLZDO 56 *HVVOHU $ 3K\VLRORJLFDO
UHVSRQVHVRIIRUHVWWUHHVWRKHDWDQGGURXJKWPlant
Biology
5H\HU&/HX]LQJHU65DPPLJ$:ROI$%DUWKRORPHXV
53%RQIDQWHN$'H/RUHQ]L)'XU\0*ORQLQJ
3 -DRXGH 5$ .OHLQ 7 .XVWHU 70 0DUWLQV 0
1LHGULVW*5LFFDUGL0:RKOIDKUW*'H$QJHOLV3
'H'DWR*%)UDQçRLV/0HQ]HO$3HUHLUD0
$SODQW¶VSHUVSHFWLYHRIH[WUHPHVWHUUHVWULDOSODQW
UHVSRQVHV WR FKDQJLQJ FOLPDWLF YDULDELOLW\ Global
Change Biology 5REVRQ 70 6iQFKH]*RPH] ' &DQR )- $UDQGD ,
'LIIHUHQFHVLQIXQFWLRQDOOHDIWUDLWVDPRQJ
EHHFK SURYHQDQFHV GXULQJ D 6SDQLVK VXPPHU
UHÀHFWWKHGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKHLURULJLQTree Genetic
and Genomes
5REVRQ075DV]WRYLWV($SKDOR3-$OtD5$UDQGD,
)OXVKLQJSKHQRORJ\DQG¿WQHVVRI(XURSHDQ
EHHFK Fagus sylvatica / SURYHQDQFHV IURP D
WULDO LQ /D 5LRMD 6SDLQ VHJUHJDWH DFFRUGLQJ WR
WKHLU FOLPDWH RI RULJLQ Agricultural and Forest
Meteorology
5RVH / /HXVFKQHU & .RFNHPDQQ % %XVFKPDQQ +
$UH PDUJLQDO EHHFK Fagus sylvatica /
SURYHQDQFHVDVRXUFHIRUGURXJKWWROHUDQWHFRW\SHV"
European Journal Forest Research
6iQFKH]*yPH]'5REVRQ70*DVFy$*LO3HOHJUtQ
($UDQGD,'LIIHUHQFHVLQWKHOHDIIXQFWLRQDO
WUDLWVRIVL[EHHFKFagus sylvaticaSRSXODWLRQVDUH
UHÀHFWHGLQWKHLUGURXJKWWROHUDQFHEnvironmental
and Experimental Botany
6FKDUQZHEHU 7 0DQWKH\ 0 &ULHJHH & %DXZH $
6FKU|GHU&:LOPNLQJ0'URXJKWPDWWHUV²
'HFOLQLQJSUHFLSLWDWLRQLQÀXHQFHVJURZWKRIFagus
sylvatica/DQGQuercus robur/LQQRUWK±HDVWHUQ
*HUPDQ\ Forest Ecology Management YDQ GHU 0DDWHQ ( 7KLQQLQJ SURORQJV JURZWK
GXUDWLRQ RI (XURSHDQ EHHFK Fagus sylvatica /
DFURVV D YDOOH\ LQ VRXWKZHVWHUQ *HUPDQ\ Forest
Ecology and Management
YDQ GHU 0DDWHQ ( &OLPDWH VHQVLWLYLW\ RI UDGLDO
JURZWKLQ(XURSHDQEHHFKFagus sylvatica/DW
GLIIHUHQW DVSHFWV LQ VRXWKZHVWHUQ *HUPDQ\ Trees
:HEHU 3 %XJPDQQ + 3OXHVV$5 :DOWKHUW / 5LJOLQJ
$ 'URXJKW UHVSRQVH DQG FKDQJLQJ PHDQ
VHQVLWLYLW\ RI (XURSHDQ EHHFK FORVH WR WKH GU\
GLVWULEXWLRQOLPLWTrees
206
:RUWHPDQQ 5 +HUEHWWH 6 %DULJDK 76 )XPDQDO %
$OLD 5 'XFRXVVR$ *RPRU\ ' 5RHFNHO'UHYHW
3 &RFKDUG + *HQRW\SLF YDULDELOLW\ DQG
SKHQRW\SLF SODVWLFLW\ RI FDYLWDWLRQ UHVLVWDQFH LQ
Fagus sylvatica/DFURVV(XURSHTree Physiology
Descargar