EDAD DE ORO - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Anuncio
062/('$'$55('21'2
('$''(252
;;,,
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'(/$3,&$5(6&$0(125$/©&26780%5,602ª«
(VWHYROXPHQVHSXEOLFDFRQVXEYHQFLyQGHOD'*,&<7
0LQLVWHULRGH(GXFDFLyQ&XOWXUD\'HSRUWHV\FRQODÀQDQFLDFLyQSDUFLDO
GHO6HUYLFLRGH3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHOD8$0
‹ (GLFLRQHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG
('$''(2529ROXPHQ;;,,
,661
'HSyVLWR/HJDO08
(GLFLyQGH&RPSREHOO6/0XUFLD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
062/('$'$55('21'2
/D ;;,,HGLFLyQGHO6(0,1$5,2,17(51$&,21$/ 62%5(/,7(5$785$(63$f2/$ <
('$''(252VHFHOHEUyHQWUHORVGtDV\GHDEULOGHHQHO6DOyQGH$FWRV
GHOD)DFXOWDGGH)LORVRItD\/HWUDVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG\HQ
HO&HQWUR&XOWXUDO$JXLUUHGH&XHQFDGRQGHVHOOHYyDFDEREDMRODGLUHFFLyQ
GH)ORUHQFLR6HYLOOD$UUR\RXQDUHYLVLyQFUtWLFDGHODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHP~VLFD
\OLWHUDWXUDFRQHOWtWXOR/LWHUDWXUD\0~VLFDHQORV6LJORVGH2UR
(GDGGH2URDJUDGHFHD%HJRxD/ROR\&DUPHQ9DOFiUFHOODFRRUGLQDFLyQGHO
6HPLQDULRDVtFRPRODD\XGDGH0DUWtQ0XHODVHQODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODSDUWH
FRQTXHQVHGHHVWH6HPLQDULR$VLPLVPR(GDGGH2URFRQWyFRQ'DYLG0DxHUR
/R]DQRFRPRVHFUHWDULRGHO6HPLQDULR\FRQODVLJXLHQWHFRPLVLyQRUJDQL]DGRUD
%HJRxD5RGUtJXH]*HUPiQ/DEUDGRU)UDQFLVFR-3HxD5RGUtJXH]0DJGDOHQD
5RPHUR\$QD=XJDVWL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
'(/$3,&$5(6&$0(125$/©&26780%5,602ª«
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
062/('$'$55('21'2
('$' '(252 9RO;;,,3ULPDYHUD
-2+1*5,)),7+6
/XLV0LOiQ$ORQVR0XGDUUD\ODFDQFLyQDFRPSDxDGD /2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
/DV©WUD]DVªSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVHQHOURPDQFHUROtULFRHVSDxRO -26e7(58(/
&RQWH[WRV H LPSOLFDFLRQHV OLWHUDULDV HQ ©'H PXVLFD OLEUL VHSWHPª GH
)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV 9Ì&725'(/$0$
©1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUªRHOp[LWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHXQDFDQFLyQFDVWH
OODQDGHODFRUWHGH(QULTXH,9 5$)$(/%(/75É1
0~VLFD \ SRHVtD HQ ©/D 'RURWHDª GH /RSH GH 9HJD ODV YHUVLRQHV GHO
©&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWª\RWURVFDQFLRQHURV -8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
0~VLFD\OLWHUDWXUDHQODREUDGH*yQJRUDHOHVSHMREDUURFR /8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
1RWDVVREUHODLPDJLQHUtDPXVLFDO\HODPRUHQODSRHVtDGH*yQJRUD -26e0$18(/3('526$
/DHQFUXFLMDGDHVSDxRODFDQWRV\P~VLFDVGH(XURSDÉIULFD\$PpULFD
HQORV6LJORVGH2UR )5$1&(6&%21$675(
5HWyULFD \ HVWUXFWXUDV PXVLFDOHV HQ OD ySHUD GH 3HGUR &DOGHUyQ GH OD
%DUFD\-XDQ+LGDOJR©&HORVD~QGHDLUHPDWDQª 686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
/D UHXWLOL]DFLyQ GH P~VLFD SUHH[LVWHQWH HQ HO WHDWUR EUHYH GH ÀQHV GHO
VLJOR ;9,,5HSHUWRULR\SURFHGLPLHQWRV 0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
-iFDUD\]DUDEDQGDVRQXQDPHVPDFRVD Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'(/$3,&$5(6&$0(125$/©&26780%5,602ª«
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
0~VLFRV\FRPSDxtDVWHDWUDOHVHQHO6LJORGH2UR $1721,20$57Ì1025(12
0~VLFD SDVLyQ UD]yQ OD WHRUtD GH ORV DIHFWRV HQ HO WHDWUR \ OD P~VLFD
GHO6LJORGH2UR -26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
©6HxRUDGRQGHKD\P~VLFDQRSXHGHKDEHUFRVDPDODª'4,,/D
P~VLFDHQHO©4XLMRWHª /8,652%/('2(67$,5(
(O FODPRU VLOHQFLRVR OD LPDJHQ GH OD P~VLFD HQ OD OLWHUDWXUD HPEOHPi
WLFDHVSDxROD 0$5Ì$-26e9(*$5$026
0~VLFDUHWyULFD\P~VLFDSRpWLFDHQHOUHQDFLPLHQWRWDUGtR *(50É1/$%5$'25<'$9,'0$f(52/2=$12
/LWHUDWXUD\P~VLFDHQORV6LJORVGH2UR5HFHQVLyQELEOLRJUiÀFD Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$
</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
$EXQGDHQHOUHSHUWRULRGHORVYLKXHOLVWDVGHO6;9,XQDJUDQYDULHGDGGHP~VLFD
YRFDOP~VLFDSURYLVWDGHXQWH[WROLWHUDULRMXQWRFRQODWDEODWXUDLQVWUXPHQWDO(QVX
JUDQPD\RUtDVRQDUUHJORVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVGHREUDVGHSROLIRQLVWDVHVSDxROHVIUDQFR
ÁDPHQFRVLWDOLDQRV\IUDQFHVHVHQORVTXHVHFDQWDXQDGHODVYRFHVPLHQWUDVHQOD
YLKXHODVHWRFDXQDYHUVLyQVROLVWDGHOFRQMXQWRSROLIyQLFR$OJXQRVGHORVDXWRUHV
SDUDYLKXHODQRREVWDQWHFRPSXVLHURQFDQFLRQHVRULJLQDOHVREUDVFRQFHELGDVGHVGH
HOSULQFLSLRSDUDFDQWR\YLKXHODFRQPHORGtDVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV\XQDFRPSDxDPLHQWR
LQVWUXPHQWDO<DTXHHVWDVFDQFLRQHVVRQ~QLFDVVLQSUHFXUVRUHVFRQRFLGRVQLVXFH
VRUHVGLUHFWRVHOSURSyVLWRGHHVWHHVWXGLRHVGHH[SORUDUDOJXQDVGHODVTXHÀJXUDQ
HQ GRV GH ODV PiV UHQRPEUDGDV DQWRORJtDV GH OD SULPHUD PLWDG GHO VLJOR ;9, HQ
EXVFDGHSRVLEOHVFRQH[LRQHVFRQHVFDVDPHQWHGRFXPHQWDGDVWUDGLFLRQHVRUDOHVR
LPSURYLVDGDVGHODpSRFD$GLIHUHQFLDGHORVDUUHJORVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVGHSROLIRQtD
YRFDOTXH SUROLIHUDQHQ OLEURV GH YLKXHODPiV WDUGtRV\ HQ HOUHSHUWRULRSDUDOD~G
HQRWUDVSDUWHVGH(XURSDODVFDQFLRQHVGH/XLV0LOiQ\$ORQVR0XGDUUDVRQODV
SULPHUDVGHHVWHWLSRTXHVHFRQVHUYDQ+DVWDPX\WDUGHHQHOVLJORODJUDQPD\RUtD
GH ODV FDQFLRQHV FRQ DFRPSDxDPLHQWR GH OD~G HQ IXHQWHV HXURSHDV VRQ LQWDEXOD
/D ~QLFD RWUD FDQFLyQ FRQRFLGD TXH SRVLEOHPHQWH IXH FRQFHELGD RULJLQDOPHQWH FRQ DFRPSD
xDPLHQWR GH OD~G HV OD IURWWROD LQWLWXODGD 6H PDL SHU PDUDYHJOLD HQ )UDQFLVFXV %RVVLQHQVLV 7HQRUH H
&RQWUDEDVVL9HQHFLD3HWUXFFLIROY9LG9pURQLTXH/DIDUJXH¶3DUXQOXWKPDULpDX[GRXOFHXUV
GHODYRL[·ODPXVLTXHSRXUYRL[HWLQVWUXPHQWVjFRUGHVSLQFpHVDX;9,qPHVLqFOH7HVLV&HQWUHG·(WXGHV
6XSHULHXUHVGHOD5HQDLVVDQFH8QLYHUVLWp)UDQoRLV5DEHODLV7RXUVSiJV
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
FLRQHVGHFKDQVRQVPRWHWHVPDGULJDOHVIURWWROH\RWURVJpQHURVSROLIyQLFRV/DV
FXHVWLRQHVSULQFLSDOHVTXHDTXtFRQVLGHUDPRVHQWRQFHVHVWiQUHODFLRQDGDVFRQOD
SURFHGHQFLD GH OD FDQFLyQ DFRPSDxDGD \ OD PDQHUD HQ TXH IXH FXOWLYDGD SRU VXV
SULPHURVLQWpUSUHWHV
'HQWURGHXQDOHFWXUDWUDGLFLRQDOGHOGHVDUUROORGHODP~VLFDHQ2FFLGHQWHODV
FDQFLRQHVGH0LOiQ\0XGDUUDVHSUHVHQWDQFRPRXQDDQRPDOtD7HRUtDVKLVWRULR
JUiÀFDVGHJHQHUDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHV\DKRUDHQVXPD\RUtDSDVDGDVGHPRGDGHELGR
D VXV EDVHV H[FHVLYDPHQWH ÀOROyJLFDV PDQWHQtDQ TXH OD WUDGLFLyQ GH P~VLFD SDUD
LQVWUXPHQWRVVROLVWDVQDFLyHQODVGpFDGDVGHDOUHGHGRUGH\TXHVXGHVDUUROOR
SRVWHULRUUHVSRQGHDXQDHPDQFLSDFLyQJUDGXDOGHODWUDGLFLyQGRPLQDQWHGHSROLIRQtD
YRFDOTXHORHQJHQGUy3RURWUDSDUWHODPRQRGLDVXSXHVWDPHQWHLQYHQWDGDHQODV
~OWLPDVGpFDGDVGHO6;9,\JHQHUDOPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDFRQHOFtUFXORGHLQWHOHFWXDOHV
WHyULFRV\P~VLFRVÁRUHQWLQRVHQWRUQRDOFRQGH*LRYDQQL%DUGLVHKDYLVWRFRPR
XQDGHODVJUDQGHVQRYHGDGHVGHODpSRFDXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVLQQRYDFLRQHVTXH
LQLFLD HO SDVR GHO UHQDFLPLHQWR PXVLFDO DO EDUURFR XQ FDPELR GHVGH XQD HVWpWLFD
VRQRUD EDVDGD HQ OD LQWHUUHODFLyQ GH YRFHV LJXDOHV GH XQ FRQMXQWR LQVWUXPHQWDO R
YRFDO KDFLD OD PHORGtD LQGHSHQGLHQWH \ HO SDVR QHFHVDULR \ SUHYLR D OD FUHDFLyQ
GHOWHDWUROtULFR(VWDYLVLyQVLJXHVLHQGRSUR\HFWDGDHQODVKLVWRULDVJHQHUDOHVGH
ODP~VLFD\HQODHQVHxDQ]DDXQTXHPXFKRVPXVLFyORJRVDFWXDOHVKD\DQUHFKD]D
GR HVWDV WHRUtDV OLQHDOHV \ VLPSOLVWDV$ SHVDU GH FLHUWD UHWLFHQFLD HQ DVLPLODU ODV
WUDGLFLRQHVRUDOHVHLPSURYLVDGDVDOGHVDUUROORFHQWUDOGHODP~VLFDFXOWDODIDPD
GH LQVWUXPHQWLVWDV LPSURYLVDGRUHV KD UHFLELGR DPSOLR UHFRQRFLPLHQWR$XQTXH VH
KD\DUHVWDXUDGRDOJRGHODHVWLPDTXHGLVIUXWDURQHQVXWLHPSRODIDOWDGHHYLGHQFLD
SDOSDEOH GH VX P~VLFD \ GH VXV SUiFWLFDV PXVLFDOHV VLJXH LPSLGLHQGR VX DVLPLOD
FLyQ HQ ODV KLVWRULDV GH OD P~VLFD EDVDGDV HQ HO GHVDUUROOR HVWLOtVWLFR PXVLFDO 8Q
FRQRFLPLHQWRPiVSRUPHQRUL]DGRGHODVSUiFWLFDVGHP~VLFRVIXHUDGHODWUDGLFLyQ
HVFULWDQRVD\XGDUtDVLWXDUODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO\ODFDQFLyQDFRPSDxDGDHQXQ
FRQWLQXLGDGKLVWyULFDPiVODUJD\DPSOLD\PHQRVFRPRXQDQRYHGDGGHSULQFLSLRV
GHO6;9,/DVFDQFLRQHVGH0XGDUUD\0LOiQ\ODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVSDUWLFXODUHVHQ
TXHIXHURQFUHDGDVDEUHXQDSXHUWDKDFLDODVSUiFWLFDVLPSURYLVDGDVHQHOSHULRGR
SDUDOHORHLQPHGLDWDPHQWHDQWHULRUDODWUDGLFLyQHVFULWDSRVLEOHPHQWHLOXPLQDQGR
DOJXQDVGHODSUiFWLFDVKHUHGDGDVGHJHQHUDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVGHP~VLFRVGHWUDGLFLyQ
RUDO$OPLVPRWLHPSRTXHPDWL]DQQXHVWURVFRQRFLPLHQWRVTXL]iVWDPELpQSRQHQ
/DIDUJXH RS FLW SiJV RIUHFH XQ HOHQFR GH SRFR PiV GH XQD GRFHQD GH IXHQWHV GH
FDQFLRQHVSDUDOD~GHGLWDGDVDQWHVGH
$OJXQDV GH ODV REVHUYDFLRQHV HVWLOtVWLFDV TXH SUHVHQWDPRV DTXt FRLQFLGHQ FRQ ODV TXH KL]R
-RKQ:DUG7KH¶9LKXHODGHPDQR·DQGLWV0XVLF7HVLV1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\0iV
UHFLHQWHPHQWH/DIDUJXHRSFLWKDWRFDGRORVPLVPRVWHPDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHO&DStWXORGHVXWHVLV
©/HFDVHVSDJQRO¶LQYHQWLRQV·HWFRPSRVLWLRQVVXUWLPEUHªSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
HQGXGDDOJXQDVVXSRVLFLRQHVGHODKLVWRULRJUDItDPRGHUQDUHVSHFWRDODPRQRGLD
DFRPSDxDGD\HOGHVDUUROORGHODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO
/DVFDQFLRQHV\REUDVVROLVWDVHGLWDGDVHQODSULPHUDFROHFFLyQTXHVHFRQVHUYD
SDUD YLKXHOD (O 0DHVWUR 9DOHQFLD GH /XLV 0LOiQ SRQHQ GH PDQLÀHVWR OD
PDGXUH]\DOWDFDOLGDG\DORJUDGDSRUWDxHGRUHVDFWLYRVHQODpSRFDTXHFRLQFLGHFRQ
HOGHVDUUROORGHXQVLVWHPDGHHVFULWXUDSDUDLQVWUXPHQWRVVROLVWDV\VXGLYXOJDFLyQHQ
OLEURVLPSUHVRV7DPELpQRIUHFHDEXQGDQWHHYLGHQFLDGHOD]RVFRQXQDWUDGLFLyQGH
P~VLFDLPSURYLVDGD0iVDOOiGHVXYLUWXRVLVPR0LOiQPXHVWUDXQGRPLQLRWRWDOGH
VXPHGLRPXVLFDO\FUHDREUDVSRWHQWHV\HORFXHQWHVDEDVHGHXQDWpFQLFDLQWXLWLYD
\KDVWDFUXGDFRPSDUDGDFRQODUHÀQDGDWpFQLFDGHORVSROLIRQLVWDVFRQWHPSRUiQHRV
3HUR HVWD UXGH]D HV UHODWLYD FRPSDUDGD FRQ HO FRQWUDSXQWR YRFDO HO VX\R FDUHFH
GHÀQXUDSHURFXDOTXLHUGHÀFLHQFLDWpFQLFDHVWiFRPSHQVDGDSRUODVRÀVWLFDFLyQ\
UHÀQDPLHQWRGHVXOHQJXDMHLGLRPiWLFRLQVWUXPHQWDO0LOiQLQGLFDFODUDPHQWHHQHO
SUyORJRGH(O0DHVWURHVWDFRQFHSFLyQSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHLQVWUXPHQWDOOODPDQGR
DVXFROHFFLyQ©XQOLEURKHFKRGHPXFKDVREUDVTXHGHODYLKXHODWHQtDVDFDGDV\
HVFULWDVª6XSURSLDP~VLFDYHULÀFDVXVSDODEUDV$WUDYpVGHODUHSHWLFLyQGHPXFKRV
PRWLYRVWHPDVIUDVHVSDVDMHV\FDGHQFLDVHQGLYHUVDVREUDVDORODUJRGH(O0DHVWUR
VHHQWLHQGHTXHVXP~VLFDVHEDVDHQXQGHSyVLWRPHPRUL]DGRGHIyUPXODV\UHFXUVRV
LGLRPiWLFRVDUPDGRVHQHODFWRGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQHQYH]GHVHUFDGDREUDHOIUXWRGH
XQSURFHVRGHFUHDFLyQLQGLYLGXDOL]DGR\~QLFR/DGHVFULSFLyQGH-RKQ:DUGGHOD
REUDGH0LOiQFRPR©HOSXHQWHHQWUHHOHVWLORLPSURYLVDGRGHORVODXGLVWDVHGLWDGRV
SRU 3HWUXFFL \$WWDLQJQDQW \ HO HVWLOR WpFQLFDPHQWH PiV PDGXUR GH OD JHQHUDFLyQ
GH)UDQFHVFRGD0LODQRªOHVLW~DKLVWyULFDPHQWH\HQFXDQWRDODVFXHVWLRQHVGH
HVWLOR\SURFHGHQFLD:DUGOHLGHQWLÀFDFRQORV©LPSURYYLVDWRULLWDOLDQRVFX\RDUWH
GHSHQGHPiVGHODPDQHUDGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHODPDWHULDLQWHUSUHWDGDª(QHVWH
VHQWLGR:DUGGHÀQHD0LOiQFRPRHOSXHQWHHQWUHGRVWUDGLFLRQHVDOPLVPRWLHPSR
(VFXULRVRQRWDUTXHKDFH\DFLQFXHQWDDxRVXQDGHODVLPSRUWDQWHVPXVLFyORJDVGHVXJHQHUD
FLyQ6X]DQQH&OHUF[LQWX\yXQDUHODFLyQHQWUHODP~VLFDHVSDxRODUHQDFHQWLVWD\ODVREUDVPRQyGLFDVGH
0RQWHYHUGL$XQTXHWXYLHUDGLÀFXOWDGHQVRVWHQHUVXDUJXPHQWRFRQGDWRVVXÀFLHQWHVSDUDMXVWLÀFDUVX
LQWXLFLyQLQGLFDORVYLOODQFLFRV\URPDQFHVHVSDxROHVFRPRSRVLEOHVIXHQWHVGHLQVSLUDFLyQ\VXH[SRUWDFLyQ
D,WDOLDDWUDYpVGH1iSROHV9LG6X]DQQH&OHUF[©/·(VSDJQHGX;9,HVLqFOHVRXUFHG·LQVSLUDWLRQGX
JpQLHKpURwTXHGH0RQWHYHUGLª0XVLTXHHWSRpVLHDX;9,HVLqFOH3DULV-XLQ-XLOOHW3DULV
eGLWLRQVGX&HQWUH1DWLRQDOGHOD5HFKHUFKH6FLHQWLÀTXHSiJV
/XLV0LOiQ/LEURGH0XVLFDGHYLKXHODGHPDQR,QWLWXODGR(O0DHVWUR9DOHQFLD/DV
HGLFLRQHVPRGHUQDVLQFOX\HQ/LEURGH0XVLFDGHYLKXHODGHPDQRLQWLWXODGR(O0DHVWURHG/HR6FKUD
GH3XEOLNDWLRQHQbOWHUHU0XVLN/HLS]LJ+LOGHVKHLP*HRUJ2OPV/LEURGH0XVLFDGH
YLKXHODGHPDQRLQWLWXODGR(O0DHVWURHG5XJJHUR&KLHVD0LOiQ(GL]LRQL6XYLQL=HUERQL(O
0DHVWURHG&KDUOHV-DFREV8QLYHUVLW\3DUN\/RQGUHV3HQQV\OYDQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
0LOiQRSFLWIRO$LLL
:DUGRSFLWSiJ©,WDOLDQLPSURYYLVDWRULZKRVHDUWOD\DVPXFKLQWKHPDQQHURISHU
IRUPDQFHDVLQWKHPDWWHUSHUIRUPHGª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
TXHQRWDODVFXDOLGDGHVH[FHSFLRQDOHVGHVXVFDQFLRQHVTXH©KDEODQHOLGLRPDGHO
EDUURFRFRQXQGLDOHFWRUHQDFHQWLVWDª0XFKRGHQXHVWURSURSLRWUDEDMRWDQWRFRPR
RWURVHVWXGLRVGH&UDLJ5XVVHOO\/XLV*DVVHUKDDOFDQ]DGRSRFRPiVTXHDDPSOLDU
\DPSOLÀFDUHVWDVREVHUYDFLRQHVGH:DUG
/DSUHVHQFLDGH0LOiQHQODFRUWHYDOHQFLDQDHVRWURIDFWRUVLJQLÀFDWLYRHQFXDQWR
DODVFXHVWLRQHVGHODSURFHGHQFLDGHVXHVWLORLPSURYLVDWRULR0LOiQQRIXHXQP~VLFR
DVDODULDGRVLQRXQWLSRGHPDvWUHGXSODLVLUFRPROHGHVFULEH:DUGHQODFRUWHGH
*HUPDLQHGH)RL[\HOGXTXHGH&DODEULD)HUQDQGRGH$UDJyQKLMRGHO~OWLPRGH
ORVUH\HVDUDJRQHVHVGH1iSROHV&RPRVHHQWLHQGHGHORVSDVDMHVDXWRELRJUiÀFRV
GH VX OLEUR SRVWHULRU (O &RUWHVDQR HQWUH RWUDV FRVDV XQ UHODWR GH OD YLGD
FRUWHVDQD YDOHQFLDQD GXUDQWH OD GpFDGD GH ORV WUHLQWD HO SDSHO GH 0LOiQ LQFOXtD
HQWUHWHQHUDODVGDPDVGHODFRUWHFRQMXHJRV\VXVFDQFLRQHV/DVVLWXDFLRQHVHQ
ODVTXH0LOiQVHGHVFULEHVLHPSUHVRQPRPHQWRVHVSRQWiQHRVHQYH]GHIRUPDOHV
\SODQLÀFDGRV7DOFRPRREVHUYD*DVVHU\VHJ~QORTXHDFRQVHMD&DVWLJOLRQHSDUD
TXHXQFRUWHVDQRQRDSDUH]FDFRPRXQPHURP~VLFRSURIHVLRQDO0LOiQQXQFDWLHQH
VXYLKXHODFRQVLJRVLHPSUHOHWLHQHQTXHEXVFDUXQDSDUDTXHWRTXH
,QÁXHQFLD QDSROLWDQD KXELHUD VLGR LQHYLWDEOH HQ OD FRUWH GH ORV DQWLJXRV UH\HV
GH1iSROHV\ODVWUDGLFLRQHVGHDTXHOODFRUWHGHEtDQVHUXQDIXVLyQGHLQÁXHQFLDV
ORFDOHVHLPSRUWDGDVHIHFWXDGDVSRUODLQWHUDFFLyQGHP~VLFRVHVSDxROHVHLWDOLDQRV
(OLPSURYLVDGRUFDWDOiQ%HQHGHWWR*DUHWKOODPDGR,O&KDULWHRFRQVLJXLyJUDQIDPD
SRUVXVFDQFLRQHVLPSURYLVDGDVDOOD~GHQ1iSROHVSUREDEOHPHQWHVLJXLHQGRXQD
SUiFWLFDTXHDODVD]yQWDPELpQÁRUHFtDHQHOQRUWHGH,WDOLDHQPDQRVGHP~VLFRV
FRPRHOOHJHQGDULR3LHWURERQR\6HUDÀQRGHOO·$TXLOOD$PERVODXGLVWDVPLQLVWUL
OHVWDPELpQVLUYLHURQDOUH\GH1iSROHVGXUDQWHXQWLHPSR3RURWUDSDUWHKD\XQD
HVWUHFKDUHODFLyQHQWUHHOYLOODQFLFRHVSDxROGHOWLSRTXHDEXQGDHQHO&DQFLRQHUR
:DUGRSFLWSiJ
9LG -RKQ *ULIÀWKV 7KH 9LKXHOD )DQWDVLD$ &RPSDUDWLYH 6WXG\ RI )RUPV DQG 6W\OHV WHVLV
0RQDVK8QLYHUVLW\&UDLJ5XVVHOO©7KH(LJKW0RGHVDV7RQDO)RUFHVLQWKH0XVLFRI/XLV0L
OiQªHQ'HP~VLFDKLVSDQDHWDOLLVPLVFHOiQHDHQKRQRUDO3URI'U-RVp/ySH]&DOR6-HQVXƒ
FXPSOHDxRVHG(PLOLR&DVDUHV\&DUORV9LOODQXHYD6DQWLDJRGH&RPSRVWHOD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH6DQWLDJR
GH &RPSRVWHOD 6HUYLFLR GH 3XEOLFDFLyQHV H ,QWHUFDPELR &LHQWtÀFR SiJV /XLV *DVVHU
/XLV0LOiQRQ6L[WHHQWK&HQWXU\3HUIRUPDQFH3UDFWLFH%ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQDSROLV,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\
3UHVV
:DUGRSFLWSiJ
/XLV0LOiQ/LEURLQWLWXODGR(O&RUWHVDQR9DOHQFLDUHHGHQ&ROHFFLyQGH/LEURV(V
SDxROHV5DURVR&XULRVRV0DGULGYLGWDPELpQ*DVVHURSFLWSiJV
*DVVHURSFLWSiJ
6REUHODXGLVWDVFDQWDQWHVFRPRORVPHQFLRQDGRVYLGHOFDStWXOR©,PSURYYLVDWRULDQGWKHLU
5HODWLRQVKLSWR6L[WHHQWK&HQWXU\0XVLFªGHOOLEURGH-DPHV+DDU(VVD\VRQ,WDOLDQ3RHWU\DQG0XVLF
LQWKH5HQDLVVDQFH%HUNHOH\/RV$QJHOHV\/RQGUHV8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV
SiJV\)$*DOOR0XVLFDQHOFDVWHOOR7URYDWRULOLEULRUDWRULQHOOHFRUWLLWDOLDQHGDO;,,DO
;9VHFROR%RORJQD,O0XOLQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
GH3DODFLR\ODYLOODQHOODQDSROLWDQDHQODSULPHUDIDVHGHVXGHVDUUROORTXHFRLQFLGH
FRQODSXEOLFDFLyQGHODP~VLFDGH0LOiQ(QDPERVFDVRVVHVXSRQHXQDSUiFWLFDGH
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHJpQHURVDOHMDGRVGHOHVWLORSROLIyQLFRHQSULPHUOXJDUFDQFLRQHV
FRPSXHVWDV R LPSURYLVDGDV \ DFRPSDxDGDV FRQ HO OD~G YLKXHOD R VX KRPyQLPR
QDSROLWDQRODYLRODGDPDQRDQWHVGHSODVPDUVHHQXQJpQHURSROLIyQLFR
/DP~VLFDGH$ORQVR0XGDUUDDXQTXHHVFULWDSDUDHOPLVPRLQVWUXPHQWRHVGH
XQDRULHQWDFLyQPX\GLIHUHQWHDODGH0LOiQ6RQP~VLFRVPX\GLVWLQWRV0XGDUUD
SUREDEOHPHQWHHUDXQRVGLH]DxRVPiVMRYHQSURFHGHQWHGHRWUDUHJLyQGH(VSDxD
\GHXQDFXOWXUD\IRUPDFLyQPX\GLIHUHQWH6REUHWRGRVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHOD
SROLIRQtDYRFDOUHÁHMDQRWURQLYHOGHHGXFDFLyQPXVLFDO6HJ~QVXSURSLRWHVWLPRQLR
HQVX7UHVOLEURVGHP~VLFDIXHFULDGRHQODFDVDGHORVGXTXHGHO,QIDQWD
GRHQ*XDGDODMDUDHQGRQGHKDEtDFRQRFLGRDPXFKRVP~VLFRV\EXHQDP~VLFD
$EDQGRQDGDODFDVDGHVXVDQWLJXRVPHFHQDVVXOLEURGHYLKXHODIXHSXEOLFDGRHQ
6HYLOODHQODVYtVSHUDVGHDVXPLUXQDFDQRQMtDHQODFDWHGUDOKLVSDOHQVHXQSXHVWR
TXHPDQWXYRKDVWDVXPXHUWHHQ
(O7UHVOLEURVGHP~VLFDFRQWLHQHLQWDEXODFLRQHVGHP~VLFDGH-RVTXLQ\*RPEHUW
\ PXFKDV IDQWDVtDV VROLVWDV TXH LQGLFDQ VX IDPLOLDULGDG FRQ HO HVWLOR LPLWDWLYR HQ
ERJD$OPLVPRWLHPSRHLJXDODRWURVFRQWHPSRUiQHRV0XGDUUDWDPELpQLQFOX\H
HQ VX OLEUR P~VLFD TXH PXHVWUD RWUDV WUDGLFLRQHV HVSDxRODV REUDV FRPR VXV GLIH
UHQFLDVVREUH*XiUGDPHODVYDFDV\&RQGH&ODURVPX\OLJDGDVDWUDGLFLRQHVRUDOHV
SRSXODUHV0XFKDVGHVXVSURSLDVFDQFLRQHVWLHQHQSRVLEOHVYtQFXORVFRQHVWDPLVPD
WUDGLFLyQQDWLYD4XL]iVDWUDYpVGHVXFRQWDFWRMXYHQLOFRQP~VLFRVSURIHVLRQDOHVHQ
HOSDODFLRGHVXVDQWLJXRVPHFHQDVHQ*XDGDODMDUD0XGDUUDDGTXLULySHUVRQDOPHQWH
XQ FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD SUiFWLFDV GH LPSURYLVDFLyQ YLKXHOtVWLFD EDVDGD HQ HO HVWLOR
WUDGLFLRQDOGHP~VLFRV\PLQLVWULOHVGHJUDQKDELOLGDG\SURIHVLRQDOLGDGGXHxRVGH
XQUHSHUWRULRDSUHQGLGR\WUDQVPLWLGRVLQQHFHVLGDGGHUHFXUULUDODJUDItD/DUHQRP
EUDGD)DQWDVtDTXHFRQWUDKD]HHOKDUSDHQODPDQHUDGH/XGRYLFRHIHFWLYDPHQWH
YDULDFLRQHVVREUHODIROLDLQGLFDTXH0XGDUUDKDEtDDVLPLODGRHVWLORVLPSURYLVDWR
ULRVGHSULQFLSLRVGHVLJOR\\DIXHUDGHPRGDFRPRPDQHUDGH©WDxHUIDQWDVtDª(V
SUREDEOHTXHHO/XGRYLFRDTXLHQLPLWDHQVXIDQWDVtDIXHVHHOPLVPRDUSLVWDTXH
YLQRD(VSDxDGHVGH1iSROHVFRQGHOGHVWHUUDGR)HUQDQGR9TXL]iVHOPLVPRDUSLVWD
LWDOLDQRTXHVLUYLyD(UFROH,G·(VWHHQ)HUUDUDHQORVDxRVGHO TXDWWURFHQWR
&RQVLGHUDGDDVtHVWDIDQWDVtDLQGLFDTXHGHEHPRVFRQVLGHUDUD0XGDUUDGHVGHRWUD
SHUVSHFWLYDTXHD0LOiQ/DLQWHQFLyQGHHVWDIDQWDVtDH[FHSFLRQDOHUDGHUHFRUGDU
DOHVWLORSDUWLFXODUGHXQYLUWXRVROHJHQGDULRVHJ~QORTXHHQWHQGLyVHUHOHVWLORGH
$ORQVR0XGDUUD7UHVOLEURVGHP~VLFDHQFLIUDSDUDYLKXHODHG(PLOLR3XMRO0RQXPHQWRV
GHOD0~VLFD(VSDxROD%DUFHORQD,QVWLWXWR(VSDxROGH0XVLFRORJtDUSW
9LG-RKQ*ULIÀWKV©/D¶)DQWDVtDTXHFRQWUDKD]HODKDUSD·GH$ORQVR0XGDUUDHVWXGLRKLVWy
ULFRDQDOtWLFRª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFRORJtD,;SiJV(JEHUWR%HUP~GH]©6REUHODLGHQWLGDG
GH/XGRYLFRª1DVVDUUH;SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
XQDJHQHUDFLyQDQWHULRU\ORVUHFXUVRVSDUWLFXODUHVGH/XGRYLFRHQTXHVHEDVDEDVX
UHQRPEUH(OUHVXOWDGRHVXQDREUDKHFKDDEDVHGHYDULDFLRQHVVREUHXQHVTXHPD
PHOyGLFRDUPyQLFRWUDGLFLRQDOJORVDGDGHIRUPDLGLRPiWLFDTXHUHFXHUGDDODUSLVWD
H[WUDQMHUR9LVWRGHHVWDPDQHUDHVXQP~VLFRPX\GLIHUHQWHD0LOiQXQREVHUYDGRU
\FRPHQWDULVWDTXHHQYH]GHSDUWLFLSDUHQODWUDGLFLyQLPSURYLVDGDFRPRHVHOFDVR
GH0LOiQFRQIHFFLRQDVXREUDFRPRSDUWHGHXQSURFHVRFRQVFLHQWH\PHGLWDGR\
QR GXUDQWH HO DFWR LQWHUSUHWDWLYR /R TXH QRV RIUHFH HV VX SHUVSHFWLYD SDUWLFXODU
GHVGHXQEDOFyQPXFKRPiVFHUFDTXHHOQXHVWURGHELGRDORTXHVHJXUDPHQWHHUD
VXUHFXHUGRSHUVRQDOGHDTXHOODVWUDGLFLRQHV'DGDVHVWDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVORTXHDTXt
SUHWHQGHPRVHVDQDOL]DUVXVFDQFLRQHVSDUDLGHQWLÀFDU\UHVFDWDUSRVLEOHVYHVWLJLRV
GHSUiFWLFDVSHUGLGDVTXHSXHGHQ\DFHUHQVXVFDQFLRQHV
&XDOTXLHU LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH QRV SURSRUFLRQH HVWH DQiOLVLV GH XQD VHOHFFLyQ GH
ODV FDQFLRQHV GH 0LOiQ \ 0XGDUUD KD GH VHU LQWHUSUHWDGD GHQWUR GH XQ FRQWH[WR
GLItFLOGHWUD]DUGHELGRDODVGLYHUVDVLQFyJQLWDVTXHDEDUFDXQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGH
XQDSDUFHODGHOSDVDGRPXVLFDOTXHVXSRQHODFRQÁXHQFLDHLQWHUDFFLyQGHYDULRV
KLORVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV/RVWHPDVIXQGDPHQWDOHVVRQODSUiFWLFDGHLPSURYLVDFLyQHQ
OD P~VLFD GH OD SULPHUD SDUWH GHO 6 ;9, OD UHODFLyQ HQWUH WUDGLFLRQHV HVFULWDV \
RUDOHVODQDWXUDOH]DGHODVFRQH[LRQHVHQWUH,WDOLD\(VSDxD\HOFOLPDLQWHOHFWXDO
TXHJHQHUyODFDQFLyQDFRPSDxDGD
/DP~VLFDHVSDxRODGHOSHULRGRLQPHGLDWDPHQWHDQWHULRUDORVOLEURVSDUDYLKXHOD
VHFRQRFHPiVDWUDYpVGHYDULDVDQWRORJtDVSROLIyQLFDVGHFDUiFWHUIXHUWHPHQWHFRU
WHVDQRSRSXODUQRWDEOHPHQWHHO&DQFLRQHURGH3DODFLR/RVJpQHURVSULQFLSDOHVGH
HVWDVFROHFFLRQHVYLOODQFLFRV\URPDQFHVVRQORVPLVPRVJpQHURVTXHSUHGRPLQDQ
HQORVOLEURVGHYLKXHODFDVLXQFHQWHQDUGHYLOODQFLFRV\PiVGHYHLQWHURPDQFHV
$OJXQDVGHODVYHUVLRQHVFRQVHUYDGDVSXHGHQGHULYDUVHGHPHORGtDVSRSXODUHVVREUH
WRGRHQHOFDVRGHORVYLOODQFLFRV\WDPELpQDOJXQRVGHORVURPDQFHVDXQTXHH[LVWH
ODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHVHHQWRQDVHQIyUPXODVGHUHFLWDGR 7DPSRFRVHGHVFDUWDOD
SRVLELOLGDGGHTXHPXFKDVGHODVPHORGtDVGHODVFDQFLRQHVVHDQPHORGtDVQXHYDV
FRPSXHVWDVRLPSURYLVDGDVVHJ~QSDWURQHVELHQHVWDEOHFLGRV$OJXQDVGHODVREUDV
HQORVFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVTXHDQWLFLSDQODVIXHQWHVSDUDYLKXHODWDQWRURPDQFHV
FRPRYLOODQFLFRVSRVLEOHPHQWHGHULYDQGHFDQFLRQHVDFRPSDxDGDVFRQVWUXLGDVD
EDVH GH PHORGtDV WUDGLFLRQDOHV R QXHYDV R VHJ~Q HVTXHPDV PHOyGLFRDUPyQLFRV
ELHQ HVWDEOHFLGRV 6H VXSRQH TXH PXFKRV FDQWRUHV \ FRPSRVLWRUHV GH SROLIRQtD
WRFDEDQ LQVWUXPHQWRV SROLIyQLFRV OR FXDO HV RWUD SRVLEOH H[SOLFDFLyQ GH DOJXQDV
GH ODV LUUHJXODULGDGHV SROLIyQLFDV HQ HO UHSHUWRULR FRPR SRU HMHPSOR SDVDMHV GH
FXDUWDVSDUDOHODVTXHSXHGHQRULJLQDUVHHQODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGLUHFWDGHVHFXHQFLDVGH
SRVWXUDVGHODPDQRL]TXLHUGDGHODYLKXHODDXQDSDUWLWXUDGHSROLIRQtD$XQTXHVHD
:DUGRSFLWSiJVGHVFULEHODVH[SOLFDFLRQHVGHODVIyUPXODVGHUHFLWDGRRIUHFLGDVSRU
6DOLQDVHQ'H0XVLFDOLEULVHSWHP6DODPDQFD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
HVSHFXODFLyQ HQ HVWH PRPHQWR WDPELpQ FRLQFLGH OR TXH VDEHPRV GH OD YLOODQHOOD
QDSROLWDQD\VXVRUtJHQHVFRPRFDQFLyQDFRPSDxDGD
(OURPDQFHSURFHGHGHXQDWUDGLFLyQGHQDUUDWLYDRUDO\ORVURPDQFHVTXHHQFRQ
WUDPRVHQORVFDQFLRQHURVUHFRSLODGRVDOUHGHGRUGHUHSUHVHQWDQVXSUHVHQFLD
HQ HO DPELHQWH FRUWHVDQR$OJXQDV GH ODV IyUPXODV PHMRU FRQRFLGDV SDUD UHFLWDU
URPDQFHVOOHYDQQRPEUHVTXHPDQWLHQHQVXUHODFLyQFRQXQRVURPDQFHVHVSHFtÀFRV
/DVIyUPXODVDVRFLDGDVFRQ&RQGH&ODURV\*XiUGDPHODVYDFDVWDQWRVXSDWUyQ
PHOyGLFRFRPRVXVHFXHQFLDGHDFRUGHVIXHURQXWLOL]DGDVH[WHQVLYDPHQWHSRUORV
LQVWUXPHQWLVWDVFRPRSDWURQHVSDUDODLPSURYLVDFLyQ\OXHJRSDUDODFRPSRVLFLyQ
GHYDULDFLRQHV(ODFRPSDxDPLHQWRLPSURYLVDGRGHURPDQFHVSDUHFHVHUODIXHQWH
GHHVWDSUiFWLFD(ORWURHVTXHPDPHOyGLFRDUPyQLFRTXHSUROLIHUDHQORVYLOODQFLFRV
\ URPDQFHV GH ORV PLVPRV FDQFLRQHURV HV HO GH OD IROLD SULPLWLYD \ GHQRPLQDGD
SDYDQDHQODVIXHQWHVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVDQWHULRUHVDF(O&DQFLRQHURGH3DODFLR
SRUHMHPSORFRQVHUYDXQDYHLQWHQDGHFDQFLRQHVEDVDGDVHQHVWHHVTXHPDHYLGHQ
FLD DSDUHQWHPHQWH LQHTXtYRFD GH VX HVWUHFKD UHODFLyQ FRQ ODV WUDGLFLRQHV RUDOHV
$XQTXHODHYLGHQFLDDQXHVWURDOFDQFHSURFHGDGHOiPELWRFRUWHVDQRHVSUREDEOH
TXHHVWRVPLVPRVHVWLORVPXVLFDOHVVHSUDFWLFDVHQHQFRQWH[WRVXUEDQRV\SRUIDOWD
GHHYLGHQFLDFRQFUHWDVRODPHQWHSRGHPRVVXSRQHUTXHHVWDVIyUPXODVGHUHFLWDGR
IRUPDEDQSDUWHGHOUHSHUWRULRGHJUXSRVSURIHVLRQDOHVFRPRORVFLHJRVRUDFLRQHURV
TXHFDQWDEDQFRQVXVYLKXHODVHQFLXGDGHVFRPR=DUDJR]D
/D SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH P~VLFRV GH FXHUGD SXOVDGD HQ FRQMXQWRV YRFDOHV H LQVWUX
PHQWDOHV HV RWUR IDFWRU TXH FRQWULEX\H DO GHVDUUROOR GHO SHUÀO GH ODV SUiFWLFDV GH
LPSURYLVDFLyQ$OJXQDVGHODVWpFQLFDVGHLPSURYLVDFLyQSROLIyQLFDGHORVPLQLVWULOHV
GHODpSRFDKDQVLGRHODERUDGDVSRU.HLWK3RONDSOLFDGRDORVHVFULWRVWHyULFRVGH
-RKDQQHV7LQFWRULVPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGXUDQWHPXFKRVDxRVHQ1iSROHVVDFDGRD
HYLGHQFLD GH VXV HVWXGLRV GRFXPHQWDOHV HQ HO QRUWH GH (XURSD 1R REVWDQWH HVWD
HYLGHQFLDWDPELpQWLHQHUHOHYDQFLDSDUDDOFRQWH[WRHVSDxROGDGR HOFRQVWDQWHLQ
WHUFDPELR HQWUH PLQLVWULOHV DOHPDQHV H LWDOLDQRV \ OXHJR LWDOLDQRV \ HVSDxROHV
/RVG~RVGHOD~GHVHUDQHQWUHORVPiVIUHFXHQWHVGHODVDJUXSDFLRQHVGHPLQLVWULOHV
HQOD~OWLPDSDUWHGHO6;9\ORVG~RVTXHSXEOLFD6SLQDFLQRHQVLQOXJDUD
GXGDVVHEDVDQHQHVWHPLVPRHVWLOR3RONGHVWDFDTXHODVUHJODVGHFRQWUDSXQWR
GH7LQFWRULVHVWiQHVFULWDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDHOEHQHÀFLRGHLPSURYLVDGRUHV\QR
,ELGSiJ
0LJXHOÉQJHO3DOODUpV-LPpQH]©$SRUWDFLyQGRFXPHQWDOSDUDODKLVWRULDGHODP~VLFDHQ$UDJyQ
HQHO~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOVLJOR;9ª1DVVDUUH9,,SiJV9,,SiJV
9,,,SiJV9,,,SiJV,;SiJV*DVVHURSFLW
SiJVWDPELpQVHUHÀHUHDFLHJRVFDQWDQWHVGHURPDQFHVGRFXPHQWDGRVKDVWDHOVLJOR;,;
.HLWK3RON*HUPDQLQVWUXPHQWDOPXVLFRIWKHODWH0LGGOH$JHVSOD\HUVSDWURQVDQGSHUIRU
PDQFHSUDFWLFH&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
)UDQFHVFR6SLQDFLQR,QWDEXODWXUDGH/DXWR9HQHFLD3HWUXFFL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
SDUDFRPSRVLWRUHV\VXVH[SOLFDFLRQHVSXHGHQVHUHQSDUWHIUXWRGHVXH[SHULHQFLD
QDSROLWDQD
2WUDVWUDGLFLRQHVLWDOLDQDVGHODFDQFLyQLPSURYLVDGDSXHGHQWDPELpQWHQHUUH
OHYDQFLDHQSUiFWLFDVHVSDxRODV9DULRVHVWXGLRVGHORV~OWLPRVDxRVKDQOODPDGROD
DWHQFLyQVREUHODPRGDHQWUHKXPDQLVWDVLWDOLDQRVGHODWUDVFHQGHQFLDGH0DUVLOLR
)LFLQR GH LPSURYLVDU FDQFLRQHV HQ ODWtQ DO OD~G$XQTXH GHVFRQR]FDPRV KDVWD
TXpSXQWRHVWDVSUiFWLFDVFRLQFLGHQFRQODVGHPLQLVWULOHVSURIHVLRQDOHVHQOHQJXD
YXOJDUVRQSRVLEOHPHQWHWUDGLFLRQHVLQWHUUHODFLRQDGDV3RUXQDSDUWHGRFXPHQWRV
FRUWHVDQRVLWDOLDQRVLQGLFDQODSUHVHQFLDGHP~VLFRVFRQRFLGRVSRUVXFDSDFLGDGGH
LPSURYLVDUFDQFLRQHVDOOD~GDOJXQRVGHORVPiVUHQRPEUDGRVGHHOORVUHODFLRQD
GRVFRQODFRUWHGH1iSROHV1RVDEHPRVVLHUDODSUHVHQFLDHQ1iSROHVGHOFDWDOiQ
%HQHGHWWR*DUHWKXRWURVSDUHFLGRVORTXHKDFHD7LQFWRULVOODPDUODDWHQFLyQVREUH
OD SUiFWLFD FDWDODQD GH UHFLWDU KLVWRULDH DO DFRPSDxDPLHQWR GH YLKXHOD GH DUFR
SHURSHQVDPRVTXHKD\XQDFLHUWDSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHP~VLFRVFRPR,O&KDULWHR\
HODUSLVWD/XGRYLFRIXHVHQSRUWDGRUHVGHSUiFWLFDVLWDOLDQDVDOUHLQRSHQLQVXODUGH
$UDJyQ \ VRQ TXL]iV HVWDV PLVPDV ODV TXH LQÁX\HQ HQ HVWDEOHFHU ODV WUDGLFLRQHV
ORFDOHVTXHQXWUHQODIRUPDFLyQPXVLFDOGHWDxHGRUHVFRPR/XLV0LOiQ
$XQPiVGLItFLOHVGHHVWDEOHFHUVRQODVSRVLEOHVFRQH[LRQHVHQWUHODFDQFLyQHQ
(VSDxD\ORVFDQWRVLPSURYLVDGRVGHORVKXPDQLVWDVLWDOLDQRV(OLQWHUpVSULPRUGLDO
GHORVKXPDQLVWDVLPSURYLVDGRUHVHUDODUHVWLWXFLyQGHORVPHWURVSRpWLFRVDQWLJXRV
SHUR PiV DOOi FDUHFHPRV GH ORV GHWDOOHV GH VX SUiFWLFD ~QLFDPHQWH TXH VH DFRP
SDxDEDQHQODO\UDSUREDEOHPHQWHHOYRFDEORODWtQTXHHPSOHDEDQSDUDUHIHULUVHD
FXDOTXLHULQVWUXPHQWRGHFXHUGDHTXLYDOHQWHDODOLUDGH2UIHRHOOD~GODYLKXHOD
R LQVWUXPHQWRV GH DUFR FRPR OD OLUD GD EUDFFLR 7HVWLPRQLR GH HVWD SUiFWLFD VH
HQFXHQWUD HQ (VSDxD \ DXQTXH HVFDVR .QLJKWRQ PDQWLHQH TXH IRUPDED SDUWH GH
OD HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO FLWDQGR XQ SDVDMH GHO /LQJXDH /DWLQDH ([HUFLWDWLR GH /XLV
9LYHVGHGLFDGRDOMRYHQ)HOLSH,,HQTXHLQFOX\HXQGLiORJRHQHOTXH3OLQLR
VXSOLFDD(StFWHWHR©7RPDODYLKXHOD\FiQWDPHDOJRPLHQWUDVPHPHWRHQODFDPD
\ ³VHJ~Q HO XVR GH 3LWiJRUDV³ SXHGD GRUPLUPH DQWHV \ WHQJD GXOFHV VXHxRVª
(StFWHWRDFFHGH\OHFDQWDXQYHUVRGHODV0HWDPRUIRVLVGH2YLGLR2WURSDVDMH
9LG'3:DONHU©/HFKDQW2USKLTXHGH0DUVLOH)LFLQRª0XVLTXHHWSRpVLHDX;9,HVLqFOH
3DULV -XLQ -XLOOHW 3DULV eGLWLRQV GX &HQWUH 1DWLRQDO GH OD 5HFKHUFKH 6FLHQWLÀTXH SiJV
9LG$QWKRQ\%DLQHV©)LIWHHQWKFHQWXU\LQVWUXPHQWVLQ7LQFWRULV·'H,QYHQWLRQHHW8VX0XVL
FDHª*DOSLQ6RFLHW\-RXUQDO,,,SiJV
9LG*UDQWOH\0F'RQDOG2USKHXV*HUPDQLFXV0HWULFDO0XVLFDQGWKH5HFHSWLRQRI0DUVLOLR
)LFLQR·V3RHWLFVDQG0XVLFWKHRU\LQ5HQDLVVDQFH*HUPDQ\WHVLV8QLYHUVLGDGGH0HOERXUQH
7HVV.QLJKWRQ©/DP~VLFDHQODFDVD\FDSLOODGHOSUtQFLSH)HOLSHPRGHORV\FRQ
WH[WRVªHQ/5REOHGRHWDO$VSHFWRVGHODFXOWXUDPXVLFDOHQOD&RUWHGH)HOLSH,,0DGULG$OSXHUWR
SiJ
/XLV 5REOHGR ©/D P~VLFD HQ HO SHQVDPLHQWR KXPDQLVWD HVSDxROª 5HYLVWD GH 0XVLFRORJtD
;;,SiJVHQFRQFUHWRSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
GHOPLVPROLEURRIUHFHRWURFDVRSDUHFLGR\DOLJXDOTXHHQHOSDVDMHDQWHULRUFLWD
DRWURGHORVDXWRUHVTXHHQFRQWUDPRVHQWUHODVFDQFLRQHVGH0XGDUUD
/XSLDQR
7DPD\R
/XSLDQR
7DPD\R
/XSLDQR
&RJHODYLKXHOD\FiQWDQRVDOJR
¢4XpTXHUpLVTXHFDQWH"
&XDOTXLHUFRVDVREUHHOMXHJR
¢8QSRHPDGH9LUJLOLR"
6tHVRPLVPR2VLSUHÀHUHVDOJXQRGHQXHVWUR9LYHVDTXpOTXH
pOPLVPRFDQWDEDSDVHDQGRSRUODURQGDGH%UXMDV
.QLJKWRQWDPELpQKDPRVWUDGRODDGTXLVLFLyQGHDOPHQRVXQOLEURGHYHUVLRQHV
SROLIyQLFDVGHSRHVtDFOiVLFDHO+DUPRQLDHSRHWLFDH1XUHPEHUJGH3KLOLS
+RIKDLPHU\/XGZLJ6HQÁSDUDODELEOLRWHFDGHOSUtQFLSH(QODPLVPDOtQHDHO
LQWHUpVSRUHOPHWURSRpWLFRTXHIRUPDXQDSDUWHFHQWUDOGHO'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHP
GH6DOLQDVLQGLFDTXHHQ(VSDxDWDPELpQH[LVWtDXQDLQTXLHWXGSRUORVPLVPRV
WHPDVTXHPRWLYDURQODSUiFWLFDGHORVKXPDQLVWDVLWDOLDQRVVREUHWRGRHQUHVXFLWDU
ODFDQFLyQyUÀFD\HPXODUDORVFDQWRVGHOD$QWLJHGDG5HIHUHQFLDVFOiVLFDVDEXQ
GDQHQORVOLEURVGHYLKXHODPiVQRWDEOHPHQWHHQVXVWtWXORVSHURWDPELpQHQVXV
SUyORJRV\ORVJUDEDGRVTXHORVDGRUQDQ1RVHUtDPHURDFFLGHQWHTXH(O0DHVWUR
GH0LOiQ\ODIXHQWHPiVDQWLJXDGHFDQFLRQHVDFRPSDxDGDVLQFOX\HUDXQJUDEDGR
GH2UIHRWDxHQGRODYLKXHOD7DOHVUHIHUHQFLDVVRQLQGLFDFLRQHVGHXQDFRQFLHQFLD
JHQHUDO SRU SDUWH GH ORV YLKXHOLVWDV KDFLD OD$QWLJHGDG /DV FDQFLRQHV GH 0LOiQ
\0XGDUUDIRUPDQSDUWHGHODVPLVPDVWHQGHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHV\FXOWXUDOHVTXHD
SHVDUGHODIDOWDGHIXHQWHVLQWHUPHGLDULDVVHPDQLIHVWDURQGpFDGDVGHVSXpVHQODV
FDQFLRQHVSDUDFDQWR\OD~GTXHSUROLIHUDURQHQYDULDV]RQDVHXURSHDV\ODPRQRGLD
ÁRUHQWLQD
/DVFDQFLRQHVGH0LOiQ\0XGDUUDVHGLIHUHQFLDQVXEVWDQFLDOPHQWHDXQTXHPX
FKDVVHEDVDQHQORVPLVPRVJpQHURVSRpWLFRV0LOiQLQFOX\HYHLQWLGyVFDQFLRQHV
HQ(O0DHVWURPiVGLH]YHUVLRQHVDOWHUQDWLYDVFRQODSDUWHGHYLKXHODJORVDGD6RQ
YLOODQFLFRVURPDQFHV\VRQHWRVFXDWURURPDQFHVHQFDVWHOODQRVHLVYLOODQFLFRVHV
SDxROHV\VHLVSRUWXJXHVHV\VHLVVRQHWRVHQLWDOLDQR/DVPHORGtDVGHORVYLOODQFLFRV
FRUUHVSRQGHQDOOHQJXDMHKDELWXDOGHODpSRFD\VLQRRULJLQDOHVSXHGHQVHUGHULYDGDV
GHPHORGtDVSRSXODUHV6RQORVURPDQFHV\VRQHWRVTXHUHYHODQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPHQRV
KDELWXDOHV \ TXL]iV DVRFLDEOHV FRQ SUiFWLFDV LPSURYLVDWRULDV$OJXQDV GH HOODV VH
,ELG
.QLJKWRQRSFLWSiJV
9LG ,VDEHO 3RSH ©/D 9LKXHOD \ VX P~VLFD HQ HO DPELHQWH KXPDQtVWLFRª 1XHYD 5HYLVWD GH
)LORORJtD+LVSiQLFD;9SiJV\-DFN6DJH©$QHZORRNDWKXPDQLVPLQWKFHQWXU\
OXWHDQGYLKXHODERRNVª(DUO\0XVLF;;SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
EDVDQHQIyUPXODVPHOyGLFDVPLHQWUDVTXHRWUDVUHVSRQGHQDHVWUXFWXUDVFRQVWUXLGDV
GHIUDVHVFRUWDVTXL]iVLPSURYLVDGDVFRQUHSHWLFLRQHVPHOyGLFDVLQWHUQDVTXHQR
FRUUHVSRQGHQ D ODV IRUPDV SRpWLFDV 3RU FRQVLJXLHQWH PXFKDV GH HOODV VRQ SRFR
PHPRUDEOHVVLQXQFDUiFWHUQRWDEOH\PXHVWUDQSRFRLQWHUpVHQHODERUDUPHORGtDV
TXHUHVSRQGDQDOFRQWHQLGRDIHFWLYRRUHWyULFRGHORVWH[WRV(VWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDSXHGH
UHÁHMDUXQDRULHQWDFLyQGH0LOiQKDFLDXQHVWLORHQTXHODGHFODPDFLyQSUHGRPLQD
SRUHQFLPDGHODVXVWDQFLDPXVLFDO
'HELGRDODVFRQH[LRQHVFRQODWUDGLFLyQRUDOHOURPDQFHRIUHFHXQEXHQSXQWR
GH SDUWLGD SDUD OD H[SORUDFLyQ GH ODV FDQFLRQHV GH 0LOiQ 6HJ~Q HQWHQGHPRV OD
SUiFWLFDKDELWXDOGHOUHFLWDGRGHURPDQFHVHUDUHSHWLUODPLVPDPHORGtDSDUDFDGD
XQDGHODVP~OWLSOHVHVWURIDV'HELGRDVXFDUiFWHUQDUUDWLYRPXFKRVURPDQFHVVRQ
GHJUDQH[WHQVLyQ\*DVVHUFDOFXODDEDVHGHORVHMHPSORVTXHRIUHFH0LOiQHQ(O
0DHVWURTXHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHXQURPDQFHHQWHURFRQWRGDVVXVHVWURIDVSRGUtD
GXUDU PiV GH XQD KRUD /DV ~QLFDV LQGLFDFLRQHV TXH SRVHHPRV FRQ UHVSHFWR DO
HVWLORGHLPSURYLVDFLyQTXHVHDSOLFDEDDOURPDQFHVRQODVYHUVLRQHVTXHVREUHYL
YHQHQIRUPDSROLIyQLFD\HQORVOLEURVGHYLKXHODODVYDULDFLRQHVVREUHIyUPXODV
SURFHGHQWHVGHURPDQFHVHQHOUHSHUWRULRLQVWUXPHQWDO/RJHQHUDOPHQWHDFHSWDGR
HVTXHVHUHFLWDEDQORVURPDQFHVDPHORGtDVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDFDQFLRQHVSDUWLFXODUHV
RDIyUPXODVFRQRFLGDVYDULDQGRODPHORGtDRHODFRPSDxDPLHQWRGHXQDHVWURID
DRWUD/RTXHTXHUHPRVSURSRQHUDTXtDEDVHGHODYHUVLyQTXHRIUHFH0LOiQGHO
URPDQFH6RVSLUDVWHV%DOGRYLQRVHVXQPRGHORDOWHUQDWLYRRTXL]iVXQDH[WHQVLyQ
GH OD PLVPD SUiFWLFD$XQTXH OR SURSRQJDPRV FRQ GHELGD FDXWHOD SRU OD IDOWD GH
FRUURERUDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGHDORTXHHQWHQGHPRVGHODSUiFWLFDGHORVLPSURYYLVDWRUL
LWDOLDQRVTXHGHVFULEH&DVWLJOLRQHFRPR©FDQWDUHDOODYLRODSHUUHFLWDUHªXQDSUiFWLFD
TXHLPSOLFDFDQWDUDEDVHGHIyUPXODVVHQFLOODVTXL]iVLQFOXVRGHXQDPDQHUDPiV
GHFODPDGDTXHFDQWDGD6REUHHVWHWLSRGHSUiFWLFDQRWHQHPRVPiVTXHVRVSHFKDV\
HQHOFDVRGHTXHIXHUDODFRVWXPEUHWDPSRFRVDEHPRVVLH[LVWtDQWRQRVRIyUPXODV
DPSOLDPHQWHFRQRFLGDV\SUDFWLFDGDVVLFDGDP~VLFRWHQtDVXVIyUPXODVSDUWLFXODUHV
R VL ODV LQYHQWDEDQ HVSRQWiQHDPHQWH GXUDQWH VXV DFWXDFLRQHV 1R REVWDQWH H[LVWH
HYLGHQFLD LQWHUQD HQ DOJXQDV GH ODV FDQFLRQHV GH 0LOiQ TXH QRV RIUHFH SRVLEOHV
LQGLFLRVGHWDOHVSUiFWLFDV
/DSULPHUDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDLQXVXDOGH6RVSLUDVWHV%DOGRYLQRVHVTXH0LOiQSUR
SRUFLRQD P~VLFD SDUD GRV HVWURIDV GRV XQLGDGHV LQGHSHQGLHQWHV \ UHODFLRQDGDV
VRODPHQWHGHODIRUPDPiVJHQHUDO/DPHORGtDHMHPSORHVWiHQHORFWDYRWRQR
WUDQVSRUWDGDXQDTXLQWD/DFRKHUHQFLDGHOHVWLORPHOyGLFRVHGHEHDODFRQVLVWHQFLD
WRQDOODSUHGRPLQDQFLDGHPRYLPLHQWRFRQMXQWR\ODUHSHWLFLyQGHOPRWLYRLQLFLDO
GHODFDQFLyQDOFRPLHQ]RGHYHUVRV\
*DVVHURSFLWSiJV
0LOiQLQGLFDODVPHORGtDVGHVXVFDQFLRQHVHQODWDEODWXUDHQFLIUDVFRORUDGDV1XHVWUDVWUDQV
FULSFLRQHVGHVXP~VLFDHVWiQUHDOL]DGDVSDUDXQDYLKXHODHQOD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
(MHPSOR/XLV0LOiQ6RVSLUDVWHV%DOGRYLQRVPHORGtD
$SHVDUGHVXVHPHMDQ]DODVPHORGtDVGHFDGDHVWURIDVRQEDVWDQWHGLIHUHQWHV
\HVODTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDODSULPHUDHVWURIDYHUVRVODTXHPXHVWUDUDVJRVGH
SURFHGHUGHXQDIyUPXODGHUHFLWDGRSRUVXHVWUXFWXUDVXVHQFLOOH]\ODFDUHQFLDGH
XQSHUÀOPHPRUDEOH(VXQDPHORGtDTXHVHSRGUtDHPSOHDUSDUDFDQWDUFXDOTXLHU
URPDQFHVREUHFXDOTXLHUWHPD\VHUtDIiFLOGHPDQLSXODUGXUDQWHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
GH XQD H[WHQGLGD FDQFLyQ HVWUyÀFD SDUD FRQVHJXLU OD YDULHGDG QHFHVDULD SDUD XQD
GHFODPDFLyQUHWyULFD\GUDPiWLFD(QHVWDSULPHUDHVWURIDODPHORGtDGHFDGDYHUVR
VHEDVDHQHOPLVPRSDWUyQXQDVFHQVRGHXQDFXDUWDVHJXLGRSRUXQDFDGHQFLDTXH
GHVFLHQGHXQWRQRRVHPLWRQRHMHPSOR/RVSULPHURV\FXDUWRVYHUVRVXWLOL]DQOD
FXDUWDDVFHQGLHQWHUHVROPLHQWUDVORVYHUVRVLQWHULRUHVVHFDQWDQXQWRQRVXSHULRU
PLOD /DV FDGHQFLDV GH ORV SULPHURV GRV YHUVRV GHVFLHQGHQ HO VHPLWRQR VROID
HQ HO WHUFHU JUDGR GHO PRGR PLHQWUDV ORV GRV YHUVRV VLJXLHQWHV YXHOYHQ DO ÀQDOLV
FRQXQGHVFHQVRPLUH(VWDSULPHUDHVWURIDIiFLOPHQWHSXHGHVHUGHULYDGDGHXQD
IyUPXODGHUHFLWDGRFRQRFLGDSRULQWpUSUHWHVFRPR0LOiQ/DPHORGtDQRWLHQHQLQ
JXQDLQGLFDFLyQGHVHUXQDOtQHDWDOODGDFXLGDGRVDPHQWHDWHQWDDODVQHFHVLGDGHV
GHODFDQFLyQ
(MHPSOR /XLV 0LOiQ 6RVSLUDVWHV %DOGRYLQRV GLVHxR PHOyGLFR GH OD  HV
WURID
/D VHJXQGD HVWURID FRUUHVSRQGH D XQ PRGHOR PHQRV DVRFLDEOH FRQ XQ SDWUyQ
HVTXHPiWLFR&DGDYHUVRFRPLHQ]DHQPL\SURFHGHHQGLUHFFLyQDVFHQGHQWHFRQ
VXV FDGHQFLDV UHVSHFWLYDV HQ VRO UH GR \ UH WtSLFDV GHO PRGR HQ XQ FRQWH[WR
DUPRQL]DGR'HELGRDODFDUHQFLDGHIyUPXODVHQVXHVWUXFWXUDPHOyGLFDHVPHQRV
SUREDEOHTXHSURFHGDGHXQPRGHORGHLPSURYLVDFLyQDXQTXHIiFLOPHQWHSRGUtDVHU
HOWLSRGHPHORGtDTXHP~VLFRVFRPR0LOiQLPSURYLVDEDQHVSRQWiQHDPHQWH
(MHPSOR /XLV 0LOiQ 6RVSLUDVWHV %DOGRYLQRV GLVHxR PHOyGLFR GH OD  HV
WURID
(VHYLGHQWHTXHODPD\RUtDGHORVFDQWDQWHVVHDFRPSDxDEDQDVtPLVPRVFRQVXV
OD~GHV\YLKXHODVFRPRHVHYLGHQWHSRUHOIRUPDWRHQTXHVHHGLWDURQODPD\RUtD
GHODVFDQFLRQHVGHYLKXHODFRQODVQRWDVGHODPHORGtDLQGLFDGDVGHQWURGHODFLIUD
LQVWUXPHQWDOHQURMRRFRQSXQWLOORV(ODXWRUUHWUDWRTXH0LOiQGLEXMDHQODVSDODEUDV
GH(O&RUWHVDQRHVFODUDHYLGHQFLDGHTXHHVWDQRUPDWDPELpQVHDSOLFDDpO\SRU
FRQVLJXLHQWHSRGHPRVYHUHODFRPSDxDPLHQWRGH6RVSLUDVWHV%DOGRYLQRVHMHPSOR
FRPRP~VLFDFRQFHELGDSDUDHOLQVWUXPHQWLVWDFDQWDQWH(ODFRPSDxDPLHQWRGHFDGD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
YHUVRHVVHQFLOORLQLFLDOPHQWHGHDFRUGHVVLPSOHVSHURSURJUHVLYDPHQWHVHDxDGHQ
EUHYHVSDVRVPHOyGLFRVSDUDHQWUHWHMHUORVDFRUGHV/RVUHGREOHVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVTXH
VHSDUDQORVYHUVRVFDQWDGRVWLHQHQPD\RUVHQWLGRFXDQGRHVHOFDQWDQWHHOTXHORV
WRFDFRPRODFRQWLQXDFLyQRWHUPLQDFLyQGHOJHVWRPXVLFDOGHFDGDYHUVR/DP~VLFD
TXHDxDGH0LOiQDOÀQDOGHORVWUHVSULPHURVYHUVRVGHODFDQFLyQHVVRODPHQWHXQD
SURORQJDFLyQGHOD~OWLPDQRWDFDQWDGDPLHQWUDVTXHHOSDVDMHTXHUHPDWDDOFXDUWR
YHUVRIXQFLRQDFRPRXQDSHTXHxDFRGDSDUDVHSDUDUODVHVWURIDV
(MHPSOR/XLV0LOiQ6RVSLUDVWHV%DOGRYLQRVHVWURID
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
/DFRPSRVLFLyQGHODP~VLFDSDUDXQVRQHWRSUHVHQWDGHVDItRVGLYHUVRVDORVGH
URPDQFHV\YLOODQFLFRV/DP~VLFDSDUDXQURPDQFHGHEHWHQHUXQFDUiFWHUFRPSD
WLEOHFRQHOWRQRJHQHUDOGHOWH[WRSHURFRQODÁH[LELOLGDGVXÀFLHQWHTXHSHUPLWHVX
DGDSWDFLyQDODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHFDGDHVWURID(Op[LWRGHXQYLOODQFLFRSRURWUDSDUWH
GHSHQGHGHODPHORGtDGHVXHVWULELOOR\VXFDSDFLGDGGHJUDEDUVHHQODPHQWHGHO
R\HQWHGHVSXpVGHSRFDVUHSHWLFLRQHV1LQJXQDGHHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVDSOLFDEOH
DOVRQHWRQRVRODPHQWHSRUVHUXQDIRUPDTXHSRUQDWXUDOH]DDGPLWHSRFDVSRVLELOL
GDGHVGHUHSHWLFLyQVLQRWDPELpQGHELGRDVXFRQFLVLyQWH[WXDO\ODVLQWHUUHODFLRQHV
LQWHUQDVHQWUHLPiJHQHVHLGHDV(QODP~VLFDHOVRQHWRHUDWtSLFDPHQWHHOGRPLQLR
GHPDGULJDOLVWDVGXUDQWHHO6;9,\VXVYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDOHVDORODUJRGHOSHULRGR
VHFDUDFWHUL]DQSRUODDXVHQFLDGHUHSHWLFLyQPXVLFDO\ODHVWUHFKDUHODFLyQTXHIRU
MDURQHQWUHHOVLJQLÀFDGRWH[WXDO\HOFRQWHQGLGRPXVLFDOELHQVHDHOSHUÀOPHOyGLFR
OD WH[WXUD GH ODV YRFHV R VXV PDQLSXODFLRQHV WRQDOHV (QWUH ORV YLKXHOLVWDV 0LOiQ
\0XGDUUDVRQORV~QLFRVTXHFRPSRQHQP~VLFDSDUDVRQHWRVOLWHUDULRVSHURFDGD
XQRGHVGHVXVSURSLRVFULWHULRV0XGDUUDVLHPSUHVLJXHODIRUPDSRpWLFDXWLOL]DQGR
OD PLVPD P~VLFD SDUD DPERV FXDUWHWRV HQ OD PD\RUtD GH VXV YHUVLRQHV H LQWHQWD
UHÁHMDUPXVLFDOPHQWHHOVHQWLGRJHQHUDOGHOWH[WRSUHVWDQGRFXLGDGRVDDWHQFLyQHQ
PXFKRVFDVRVDSDODEUDVLQGLYLGXDOHV(VWDGHOLEHUDGDUHODFLyQHQWUHP~VLFD\WH[WR
HVWiDXVHQWHHQODP~VLFDGH0LOiQ\HVSUHFLVDPHQWHVXIDOWDODTXHUHSUHVHQWDOD
HYLGHQFLDPiVFRQYLQFHQWHSDUDDÀUPDUTXHVXVYHUVLRQHVSURFHGDQGHXQDSUiFWLFD
LPSURYLVDWRULD:DUGLQGLFDODVGHÀFLHQFLDVGHORVVRQHWRVGH0LOiQ\GHVFULEHVX
YHUVLyQ GH 2 JHORVLD G·DPDQWL GHO QDSROLWDQR -DFRSR 6DQQD]]DUR FRPR XQD REUD
DPELFLRVDVLQRPRQyWRQDVLQVXWtSLFDÀQXUD\SULPRU7DPELpQDOXGHDSRVLEOHV
UDtFHV LPSURYLVDWRULDV ©XQD P~VLFD GH IyUPXODV TXH HO YLKXHOLVWD KDEtD XWLOL]DGR
PXFKDV YHFHV FDQWDQGR D VXV DPLJRV \ HQ OD FRUWHª (VWH VRQHWR HV GREOHPHQWH
LQWHUHVDQWHSRUTXHWDPELpQIXHPXVLFDGRSRU0XGDUUD\ODFRPSDUDFLyQGHODVGRV
YHUVLRQHVUHYHODFODUDPHQWHVXVGLVWLQWDVRULHQWDFLRQHV
(QFRP~QFRQVXVRWURVVRQHWRVODP~VLFDTXHFRPSRQH0LOiQSDUD2JHORVLD
G·DPDQWL FRPSUHQGH XQD PHORGtD FRQ XQ DFRPSDxDPLHQWR PD\RUPHQWH KRPR
IyQLFR DGRUQDGR FRQ UHGREOHV FDGHQFLDOHV DO ÀQDO GH FDGD YHUVR \ FRQ DOJXQRV
SDVDMHVFDGHQFLDOHVDxDGLGRVDOÀQDOGHFDGDFLQFRGHHOORV/DHVWUXFWXUDSULQFLSDO
GHODP~VLFDVHUHYHODDWUDYpVGHODPHORGtDTXH0LOiQFRQVWUX\HGHVHLVIUDVHV
HPSOHDQGRYDULDVUHSHWLFLRQHV\UHLWHUDFLRQHVSDUDPXVLFDUHOSRHPDFRPSOHWR/D
IDOWD GH FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD HVWUXFWXUDO \ GUDPiWLFD HQWUH P~VLFD \ WH[WR HV OD FDXVD
SULQFLSDOSDUDVRVSHFKDUTXHODPHORGtDSURFHGHGHODLPSURYLVDFLyQVLQRGHXQD
DGDSWDFLyQ GH RWUD PHORGtD SUHH[LVWHQWH TXL]iV DMXVWDGD DO QXHYR WH[WR GXUDQWH
:DUG RS FLW SiJV ©D PXVLF RI IRUPXODV WKDW KDG EHHQ XVHG PDQ\ WLPHV E\ WKH
YLKXHOLVWLQVLQJLQJIRUIULHQGVDQGDWFRXUWª
8QD WUDQVFULSFLyQ GH OD SLH]D FRPSOHWD HVWi SXEOLFDGD HQ OD HGLFLyQ GH 3XMRO RS FLW SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
XQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQLPSURYLVDGD6HDFXDOVHDHOFDVRORVLJQLÀFDWLYRHVTXH0LOiQ
SHQVDEDHQVXPHORGtDFRPRXQDVHULHGHXQLGDGHVFX\DHQVDPEODMHHYLGHQWHPHQWH
FRQVLGHUDED KDVWD FLHUWR SXQWR ÁH[LEOH \ PXGDEOH 6L SHQVDPRV HQ HO SURFHVR GH
ODLPSURYLVDFLyQGHXQDFDQFLyQFUHRTXHODHVWUDWHJLDGHXQLPSURYLVDGRUH[SHUL
PHQWDGRFRPR0LOiQVHUtDGHFRPHQ]DUVXQXHYDFUHDFLyQDEDVHGHDOJRFRQRFLGR
GH XQD LGHD SUHPHGLWDGD SRU OR PHQRV SDUD LQLFLDU VX LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ WHQLHQGR HO
WH[WR GHODQWH GH Vt VL QR PHPRUL]DGR$O LQLFLDU DVt VHUtD FDVL LPSRVLEOH TXH XQ
YLKXHOLVWDFDQWDQWHHYLWDUDSHQVDUHQODPHORGtD\HODFRPSDxDPLHQWRHQFRQMXQWR
HQYH]GHFUHDUXQDPHORGtDDVHFDVVLQHVER]DUSDUDOHODPHQWHVXDUPRQL]DFLyQ6L
IXHVH pVWH UHDOPHQWH HO SURFHVR XWLOL]DGR SRU 0LOiQ VHUtD XQD H[SOLFDFLyQ OyJLFD
GHOLQLFLRGHVXYHUVLyQGH2JHORVLDG·DPDQWLTXHVHDUUDQFDDSDUWLUGHOHVTXHPD
PHOyGLFRDUPyQLFR GH *XiUGDPH ODV YDFDV HQWUH ODV IyUPXODV PiV UHODFLRQDGDV
FRQODLPSURYLVDFLyQGHODpSRFD\XWLOL]DQGRWDQWRODPHORGtDFRPRODVHFXHQFLD
DUPyQLFDSDUDVXSULPHUDIUDVHHMHPSOR(VWHJHVWRLQLFLDOSRGUtDVHULQWHQFLRQDGR
R LQFRQVFLHQWH VL QR XQD PHUD FRLQFLGHQFLDDWULEXLEOH D OD VHPHMDQ]D HQWUH GLFKD
IyUPXOD\HOWtSLFROHQJXDMHPXVLFDOGHODpSRFD
(MHPSOR/XLV0LOiQ2JHORVLDG·DPDQWLFRPLHQ]R
/DIUDVHLQLFLDOHVWiQXHYDPHQWHHODERUDGDSDUDHOVHJXQGRYHUVRGHOWH[WR(O
SULPHURGHORVGRVPRWLYRVGHOSULPHUYHUVRLQGLFDGRFRQXQD[HQHOHMHPSOR
VHWUDQVSRUWDXQWRQRLQIHULRUSHURODPLVPDFRQFOXVLyQFDGHQFLDO\VHUHSLWH
D OD PLVPD DOWXUD \ FRQ LGpQWLFD DUPRQL]DFLyQ 2WUDV VHPHMDQ]DV PHOyGLFDV TXH
FRQWULEX\HQDODFRKHUHQFLDGHODPHORGtDFRPSOHWDQRVRQPiVTXHJLURVFRPXQHV
GHOOHQJXDMHGHODpSRFD\QRKD\HYLGHQFLDGHXQFRQVFLHQWHGHVDUUROORGHOPDWHULDO
LQLFLDOHQODVIUDVHVVXEVLJXLHQWHV,JXDOPHQWHKD\SRFDLQGLFDFLyQGHTXH0LOiQVH
SUHRFXSDEDHQGLEXMDUXQDPHORGtDGLVWLQWLYD\PHPRUDEOH$SDUWHGHOFDUiFWHUDOJR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
LQVtSLGRGHODPHORGtDORTXHPiVDSR\DHVWDKLSyWHVLVHVODIDOWDGHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLD
IRUPDOHQWUHODVUHSHWLFLRQHVPXVLFDOHV\HOWH[WR0LOiQUHSLWHGRVYHFHVVXPHORGtD
SHUR QR FRQIRUPH D OD HVWUXFWXUD SRpWLFD &RPR VH YH D FRQWLQXDFLyQ OD PHORGtD
LQLFLDOHOFRQMXQWRGHODVIUDVHVDHVHUHSLWHGHVGHHOYHUVRHQPHGLRGHOVHJXQGR
FXDUWHWRSHURFRQODIUDVHEUHSHWLGDWUHVYHFHV\XQDQXHYDIUDVHIVXVWLWX\HQGRD
ODHSDUDSURSRUFLRQDUXQDFRQFOXVLyQPiVDGHFXDGD
YHUVR
2JHORVLDG·DPDQWLKRUULELOIUHQR
&KHLQXQSXQWRPLYROJJLHWLHQVLIRUWH
2VRUHOODGLOHHPSLDHWDPDUDPRUWH
&KHFRQWXDYLVWDWXUELLOFLHOVHUHQR
P~VLFD
D
D·
E
F
2VHUSHQWHQDVFRVWRLQGROFLVHQR
&KHLOLHWLÀRUGHPLHVSHUDQ]HKDLPRUWH
G
H
7UDSURVSHULVXFFHVVLDGYHUVDVRUWH
7UDVRDYLYLYDQGHDVSURYHQHQR
D
D·
'LTXDOIXULDLQIHUQDOQHOPRQGRXVFLVWL
2FUXGHOPRVWUR2SHVWLGHLPRUWDOL
&KHKDLIDWWLJOLJLRUQLPLHLVLDPDULHWULVWL"
E
E·
E··
7RUQDWLLQJLXQRQUUDGRSLDPLHLPDOL
,QIHOLFHSDXUDDGFKHYHQLVWL"
+RUQRQEDVWDEDDPRUFRQOLVXRLVWUDOL"
F
G
I
6LFRQVLGHUDPRVSRUTXpQRH[LVWHXQDUHODFLyQIRUPDOHQWUHODSRHVtD\ODP~VLFD
KD\GRVH[SOLFDFLRQHVPiVIDFWLEOHV/DSULPHUDHVTXH0LOiQHVWDEDDGDSWDQGRXQD
PHORGtD\DH[LVWHQWHDXQSRHPDQXHYRXQDPHORGtDRULJLQDOPHQWHFRQFHELGDSDUDXQ
WH[WRGHRWURJpQHUR\SUREDEOHPHQWHGHXQQ~PHURGLIHUHQWHGHYHUVRV$VXIDYRU
KD\YDULRVDUJXPHQWRVH[SOLFDUtDSRUTXpKD\YDULRVVLWLRVHQORVTXHODDGHFXDFLyQ
GH OD PHORGtD DO WH[WR HV WRUSH \ OD DFHQWXDFLyQ PXVLFDO \ SRpWLFD QR FRLQFLGHQ
LJXDOTXHODFDUHQFLDGHJHVWRVPHOyGLFRVTXHLOXVWUDQRHPEHOOHFHQHOVLJQLÀFDGR
GHODOHWUD7DPELpQH[SOLFDUtDODWULSOHUHSHWLFLyQGHODIUDVHEHQORVYHUVRV
FRPRHOUHVXOWDGRGHODQHFHVLGDGGHH[WHQGHUODPHORGtDSDUDQRDFDEDUODDQWHVGH
OOHJDUDODFRQFOXVLyQGHOSRHPD/DRWUDH[SOLFDFLyQLJXDOPHQWHUD]RQDEOHVHUtDD
EDVHGHXQDOHFWXUDGHOSRHPDPiVGHVGHVXUHWyULFDTXHGHVGHVXHVWUXFWXUD$Vt
OD SRVLEOH H[SOLFDFLyQ GH SRU TXp 0LOiQ GHFLGLHUD UHSHWLU VX PHORGtD D SDUWLU GHO
VpSWLPRYHUVRVHSRGUtDDWULEXLUDORVYHUVRVSDUHDGRV\TXHVHSUHVWDQDOHVWLOR
GHVXVGRVPRWLYRVLQLFLDOHV\UHODFLRQDGRV
7UDSURVSHULVXFFHVVLDGYHUVDVRUWH
7UDVRDYLYLYDQGHDVSURYHQHQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
(QHVWHFDVRODWULSOHUHSHWLFLyQGHODIUDVHEEDVWDQWHPRGLÀFDGDHQVXWHUFHUD
UHSHWLFLyQ SDUD IRUPDU XQD FDGHQFLD WLHQH PiV VHQWLGR QR VRODPHQWH SRUTXH FR
UUHVSRQGHDOSULPHUWHUFHWRHQVXWRWDOLGDGVLQRTXHWDPELpQUHIXHU]DODLQVLVWHQWH
LQWHUURJDFLyQGHHVWRVYHUVRV
(MHPSOR/XLV0LOiQ2JHORVLDG·DPDQWLPHORGtD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
/DFROHFFLyQGHFDQFLRQHVGHORV7UHVOLEURVGHP~VLFDGH$ORQVR0XGDUUDSUH
VHQWDXQDPD\RUYDULHGDGGHJpQHURVTXHODVGH0LOiQ,QFOX\HFDWRUFHFDQFLRQHV
HQ FDVWHOODQR HQWUH HOODV URPDQFHV YLOODQFLFRV \ VRQHWRV HQ FDVWHOODQR H LWDOLDQR
\VHLVWH[WRVHQODWtQGHIXHQWHVFRQWHPSRUiQHDVEtEOLFDV\FOiVLFDV0XHVWUDQXQ
FRPSRVLWRUFDSD]GHFUHDUFDQFLRQHVGHQRWDEOHGLYHUVLGDGVHQFLOODVSHURH[SUHVLYDV
\XQLIRUPHPHQWHGHDOWDFDOLGDG6XVWH[WRVLQFOX\HQGHVGHREUDVGHUHQRPEUDGRV
SRHWDV FRQWHPSRUiQHRV \ DQWLJXRV KDVWD YHUVRV DQyQLPRV GH RULJHQ WUDGLFLRQDO R
SRSXODU
/DVGRVHOHJLGDVHQHVWDRFDVLyQVHGLVWLQJXHQSRUVXHVWLORGHFODPDWRULR$XQTXH
KD\DFLHUWDUHODFLyQHQWUHHOHVWLORPHOyGLFRGHHVWDVFDQFLRQHV\DOJXQRVJpQHURV
SROLIyQLFRV GH OD pSRFD HVSHFLDOPHQWH REUDV FRQ WH[WRV DVRFLDGRV FRQ ODPHQWRV
HV SRVLEOH TXH DPERV VXUMDQ GH WUDGLFLRQHV PRQRIyQLFDV GHVGH FDQWRV UHOLJLRVRV
KDVWDSRSXODUHV$VtODVPLVPDVFXHVWLRQHVGHSURFHGHQFLDVHDSOLFDQQXHYDPHQWH
¢HV XQ HVWLOR RULJLQDO GH 0XGDUUD R SXHGH UHÁHMDU DOJR GH ODV WUDGLFLRQHV RUDOHV
R SRSXODUHV GH UHFLWDGR PXVLFDO" /DV GRV TXH DKRUD QRV RFXSDQ VRQ VX FRQRFLGR
URPDQFH7ULVWHHVWDEDHOUH\'DYLG\VXYHUVLyQH[TXLVLWDGHOODPHQWRGH'LGRGH
OD(QHLGDGH9LUJLOLR'XOFHVH[XYLDH1RVRQODV~QLFDVGH0XGDUUDTXHH[KLEHQ
ODV PLVPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HQWUH ODV RWUDV HQ TXH ODV PLVPDV R SDUHFLGDV WpFQLFDV
HVWiQSUHVHQWHVÀJXUDQHOURPDQFHV,VUDHOPLUDWXVPRQWHVODVIDPRVDVFRSODVGH
-RUJH0DQULTXH5HFXHUGHHODOPDGRUPLGDORVVRQHWRV¢4XpOODQWRVVRQDTXHVWRV"
\ 6L DPDU SRU HO KRPEUH PiV VX YHUVLyQ GHO VDOPR 1LVL 'RPLQXV \ DOJXQRV
YHUVRVGHOVDOPRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQHQODOLWXUJLDDOLQWURLWRGHOD'RPtQLFDGH
6H[DJpVLPD([VXUJHTXDUH
7ULVWHHVWDEDHOUH\'DYLGHVXQURPDQFHEtEOLFRTXHH[SUHVDHQGRORUGHOVDOPLVWD
DOHQWHUDUVHGHODPXHUWHGHVXKLMR$EVDOyQ(OFRPLHQ]RGHODFDQFLyQHMHPSOR
UHFXHUGDHVSHFLDOPHQWHDODVHQWRQDFLRQHVHFOHVLiVWLFDV\DORVODPHQWRVWUDGLFLRQDOHV
HVSDxROHVDXQTXHGHVFRQR]FDPRVORVRUtJHQHVKLVWyULFRVGHpVWRV/RVGHPiVYHUVRV
GHODFDQFLyQQRPDQWLHQHQODPLVPDIRUPDGHUHFLWDFLyQVREUHXQVRORWRQRGHFR
UDGRVDOYRODFDGHQFLDÀQDO1RREVWDQWHHOVHQFLOORSHUÀOPHOyGLFRGHODFDQFLyQ
UHGXFLGRHQHMHPSORDVXIRUPDHVTXHPiWLFDPXHVWUDXQDHVWUXFWXUDDUFDLFDTXH
VHDVRFLDPiVFRQHOGLVHxRPHOyGLFRGHFDQFLRQHVPHGLHYDOHVTXHFRQODVGHO6
;9,'HVSXpVGHVXLQLFLRODPHORGtDVHGHVDUUROODDEDVHGHIUDVHVTXHVHGLULJHQ
HQOtQHDUHFWDDVFHQGHQWH\GHVFHQGHQWHHQWUHSXQWRVFODUDPHQWHGHÀQLGRVHQYH]
GH WUD]DU ORV DUFRV PHOyGLFRV TXH FDUDFWHUL]DQ OD PHORGtD UHQDFHQWLVWD /D IUDVH
LQLFLDOHVHQFLDOPHQWHXQDPLDGRUQDGDSRUVXVQRWDVVXSHULRUHVHLQIHULRUHVGHÀQH
HOFDUiFWHUIULJLRGHODPHORGtD\VHGHVDUUROODFDVLH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHPSOHDQGRHO
WHWUDFRUGLRLQIHULRUTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFXDUWRPRGR(OXVRGHODVQRWDVGRVRO\OD
FRPRQRWDVWHUPLQDOHVGHODVIUDVHVWDPELpQHVXQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHHVWHWRQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
(MHPSOR$ORQVR0XGDUUD7ULVWHHVWDEDHOUH\'DYLG
(ODFRPSDxDPLHQWRGHODFDQFLyQPXHVWUDODPLVPDVHQFLOOH]TXHVXPHORGtD
FRQDOJXQRVEUHYHVSDVRVGHFRUDQGRPRPHQWiQHDPHQWHXQDWH[WXUDHVHQFLDOPHQWH
KRPRIyQLFD 6L GH KHFKR OD LQWHQFLyQ GH 0XGDUUD HUD HPXODU XQ HVWLOR SRSXODU
GHODWUDGLFLyQRUDODUFDLFRRQRHOOHQJXDMHDUPyQLFRTXHHPSOHDVHFRUUHVSRQGH
SHUIHFWDPHQWHFRQORTXHVDEHPRVGHpODWUDYpVGHOUHSHUWRULRGHORVFDQFLRQHURV
\ODVIyUPXODVGHURPDQFHVFRQVHUYDGDV(VWDGLPHQVLyQVHUHYHODPiVFODUDPHQWH
VLFRQVLGHUDPRVODSLH]DQRHQHOPRGRVLQRGHXQDPDQHUDPHQRVRUWRGR[DHQ
ODPHQRUWHUPLQDQGRHQHOGRPLQDQWH(QHOFXDUWRPRGRORVDFRUGHVSULQFLSDOHV
ORVTXHHPSLH]DQ\FRQFOX\HQFDGDXQDGHODVFXDWURIUDVHVVHUtDQ,LY,,,\9,
PLHQWUDVHQODPHQRUHVWRVPLVPRVDFRUGHVVRQ9L9,,\,,,HOPLVPRYRFDEXODULR
DUPyQLFRGHHVTXHPDVFRPR*XiUGDPHODVYDFDV\ODSDYDQDIROLD'HKHFKROD
VHFXHQFLDIRUPDGDSRUHODFRUGHLQLFLDOGHODVFXDWURIUDVHVGHODSLH]D0LODPHQRU
6RO'RHVLGpQWLFDDODIyUPXOD9L9,,,,,FRQTXHVHFRPLHQ]DODSDYDQDIROLD
OD PLVPD TXH HPSOHD 0XGDUUD HQ VX GHOLEHUDGDPHQWH UHWURVSHFWLYD )DQWDVtD TXH
FRQWUDKD]HODKDUSD/DVHVWUXFWXUDVPHOyGLFDV\DUPyQLFDVGHODFDQFLyQVHYHQ
HQODVLJXLHQWHUHGXFFLyQDQDOtWLFD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
(MHPSOR$ORQVR0XGDUUD7ULVWHHVWDEDHOUH\'DYLGUHGXFFLyQDQDOtWLFD
/DLQFOXVLyQGHYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDOHVGHSRHVtDGH9LUJLOLR+RUDFLR\2YLGLRHQ
OD DQWRORJtD GH 0XGDUUD HV ~QLFD HQWUH ODV FDQFLRQHV DFRPSDxDGDV GH OD SULPHUD
PLWDGGHO6;9,SHURSUREDEOHPHQWHLQGLFDWLYDGHSUiFWLFDVHVSDxRODV\HXURSHDV
PiVH[WHQGLGDV5HFXHUGDLQPHGLDWDPHQWHDORVKXPDQLVWDVLWDOLDQRV\VXVLPSUR
YLVDFLRQHV PXVLFDOHV DQWHULRUPHQWH FLWDGDV \ D OD PLVPD SUiFWLFD HQ (VSDxD 'H
KHFKR HV OD PLVPD HGLFLyQ GH GH ODV +DUPRQLDH SRHWLFDH GH +RIKDLPHU \
6HQÁTXHDGTXLHUH)HOLSH,,SDUDVXELEOLRWHFDODTXHOHSURSRUFLRQDD0XGDUUDOD
YHUVLyQGH+RIKDLPHUGHO%HDWXVLOOHGH+RUDFLRTXHDUUHJODSDUDFDQWR\YLKXHOD
4XL]iVHOHVWLORVHQFLOOR\PpWULFRGHOSRHPDEXFyOLFRGH+RUDFLRVHDSUR[LPDDOR
TXHVHLPSURYLVDEDHQ(VSDxDSHURODYHUVLyQGH'XOFHVH[XYLDHTXHÀJXUDHQVX
OLEURHVGHXQHVWLORGHFODPDWRULRTXHQRWLHQHLJXDOHQHOUHSHUWRULRGHODVSULPHUDV
FDQFLRQHVDFRPSDxDGDV\FX\RVRUtJHQHV\WUDGLFLRQHVVRQWRGDYtDXQHQLJPD(O
UDVJR SULQFLSDO GHO HVWLOR PHOyGLFR ³TXL]iV PHMRU GHQRPLQDGR XQ UHFLWDGR PR
QyGLFR³VRQDTXHOORVSDVDMHVGHQRWDVUHSHWLGDVJHQHUDOPHQWHDFRPSDxDGRVSRU
DUPRQtDHVWiWLFD(OPiVOODPDWLYRGHHOORVRFXUUHDOFRPLHQ]RGHOD~OWLPDHVWURID
GHODFDQFLyQHMHPSORDXQTXHHSLVRGLRVSDUHFLGRVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQORVFRPSDVHV
\
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-*5,)),7+6
(MHPSOR$ORQVR0XGDUUD'XOFHVH[XYLDHFRPSDVHV
$XQTXHORVSDVDMHVVHxDODGRVSDUH]FDQEUHYHVHOXVRGHQRWDVUHLWHUDGDVRWRQRV
GHUHFLWDGRFRQOLJHUDVLQÁH[LRQHVGRPLQDODPHORGtDHQWHUDHMHPSOR/DSULPHUD
SDUWHGHODFDQFLyQKDVWDHOFRPSiVVHEDVDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQIUDVHVTXHRVFLODQ
DOUHGHGRUGHODVQRWDVOD\VROGHVFHQGLHQGRDIDHQWHUPLQDFLRQHVGHXQDPDQHUD
SDUHFLGDDVDOPRGLDGHOVH[WRPRGR2WUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOHVWLORGHFODPDWRULRVRQ
ORVODUJRVVLOHQFLRVHQWUHIUDVH\IUDVHUHOOHQDGRVHQHODFRPSDxDPLHQWRSRUIyUPXODV
FDGHQFLDOHVHOVDOWRLPSUHYLVWR\GUDPiWLFRDUHHQHOFRPSiV\HOUHJUDYHTXH
IXQFLRQDFRPRQRWDGHUHFLWDGRGHVGHHOFRPSiV(PSOHDQGRXQPRGHORSDUHFLGR
DOTXH0XGDUUDXWLOL]DSDUDVXVVRQHWRVODSULPHUDVHFFLyQPXVLFDOFRPSDVHV
VHUHSLWHWUHVYHFHVSDUDORVWUHVSULPHURVFXDUWHWRVGHOWH[WRVHJXLGDSRUHOWHUFHWR
FRQVXQXHYDP~VLFD(QVXWRWDOLGDGODP~VLFDGDODLPSUHVLyQGHLQWHQWDUHPXODU
ODGHFODPDFLyQKDEODGDHQIRUPDFDQWDGDDXPHQWDQGRDVtHOLPSRUWHGUDPiWLFRGHO
WH[WR3DUHFHEDVDUVHHQORVPLVPRVSULQFLSLRVTXHHOHVWLORPRQyGLFRLWDOLDQRGH
ÀQDOHVGHO6;9,\DXQTXHODVFRQFOXVLRQHVVHDQWHQWDWLYDVpVWD\ODVRWUDVFDQFLRQHV
TXHKHPRVH[DPLQDGRDTXtLQGLFDQXQHVWLOREDVWDQWHDOHMDGRGHODSROLIRQtDYRFDO
&RQHVWDVSULPHUDVWHQWDWLYDVHVLPSRVLEOHOOHJDUDFRQFOXVLRQHVGHÀQLWLYDVHQFXDQWR
DODSURFHGHQFLDH[DFWDGHODVFDQFLRQHVDFRPSDxDGDVGHHVWRVGRVYLKXHOLVWDVGH
HQWUHODVYDULDVSRVLEOHVIXHQWHVSURSXHVWDVDTXt$XQTXHHVWHHVWXGLRUHYHOHDOJXQDV
GHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODVFDQFLRQHVRULJLQDOHVGH0LOiQ\0XGDUUDTXHODVGLV
WLQJXHQGHODVGHPiVFDQFLRQHVTXHVREUHYLYHQGHOSULPHU6;9,WRGDYtDTXHGDQ
PXFKDVLQFyJQLWDVTXHLPSLGHQXQFRQRFLPLHQWRPiVSURIXQGRGHVXSURFHGHQFLD
ELHQVHDGHODFDQFLyQSRSXODUGHODVSUiFWLFDVGHUHFLWDGRPXVLFDOGHODVWpFQLFDV
GHLPSURYLVDFLyQGHPLQLVWULOHVRFDQWRUHVKXPDQLVWDVRVLPSOHPHQWHGHVXYLVLyQ
LPDJLQDULDGHORVFDQWDUHVGHORVOHJHQGDULRVEDUGRVGHOD$QWLJHGDG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,/É1$/216208'$55$</$&$1&,Ð1$&203$f$'$
(MHPSOR$ORQVR0XGDUUD'XOFHVH[XYLDHPHORGtD
-2+1*5,)),7+6
8QLYHUVLGDGGH0HOERXUQH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/
520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(VSRVLEOHTXHXQDGHODVFDXVDVGHTXHORVSURJUHVRVORJUDGRVHQHO
HVWXGLRGHO5RPDQFHURQXHYRQRQRVVDWLVIDJDQVHDTXHHUXGLWRV\PXVL
FyORJRVQRKDQSRGLGRRVDELGRFRODERUDUHQHOSODQWHDPLHQWR\VROXFLyQ
GHHVWRVSUREOHPDV(QHOHVWXGLRGHHVWHURPDQFHURORVP~VLFRVWHQGUiQ
PiVGHXQDYH]OD~OWLPDSDODEUDSXHVPiVGHXQDYH]VyORODVHVWUXFWXUDV
PXVLFDOHVSRGUiQH[SOLFDUODVHVWUXFWXUDVYHUEDOHV<VLHPSUHQRVD\XGDUiQ
DFRPSUHQGHUPXFKDVH[WUDxH]DVHQODWUDQVPLVLyQGHORVWH[WRV
(VWDV SDODEUDV GH -RVp ) 0RQWHVLQRV YLHQHQ DOHQWDQGR QXHVWUR WUDEDMR GHVGH
KDFHWLHPSR\DKRUDTXHUHPRVGDUPXHVWUDGHFyPR\KDVWDGyQGHKHPRVOOHJDGR
DFROPDUHQSDUWHHVDVH[SHFWDWLYDVTXHDSURSyVLWRGHXQDPHWRGRORJtDLQWHUGLV
FLSOLQDULDDEUtD0RQWHVLQRVHQWRUQRDOURPDQFHUROtULFR
1XHVWUD FRODERUDFLyQ VH LQLFLy KDFH YDULRV DxRV UHVFDWDQGR GH VXV ELEOLRWHFDV
GRVFDQFLRQHURVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,,WDQH[FHSFLRQDOHVSRUVXP~VLFD
\VXSRHVtDFRPRSRUVXH[WHQVLyQ\ODVGLÀFXOWDGHVTXHRFDVLRQDQVXVUHVSHFWLYDV
WUDQVFULSFLRQHV1RVHVWDPRVUHÀULHQGRDO/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV\DO&DQFLRQHUR
3RpWLFR0XVLFDO +LVSiQLFR GH /LVERD HVWH ~OWLPR DVt GHQRPLQDGR SRU QRVRWURV
-RVp)0RQWHVLQRV©$OJXQRVSUREOHPDVGHO5RPDQFHURQXHYRª(QVD\RV\HVWXGLRVGHOLWH
UDWXUDHVSDxROD(GLFLyQSUyORJR\ELEOLRJUDItDGH-RVHSK+6LOYHUPDQ0DGULG5HYLVWDGH2FFLGHQWH
SiJV
0DGULG%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO0
/LVERD%LEOLRWHFDGD$MXGD0VV9,9,9,\9,
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
PLVPRV8QDYH]HGLWDGRHOSULPHUYROXPHQGHO/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRVGHHVD
SULPHUDFRODERUDFLyQLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULDHQWUHÀORORJtD\PXVLFRORJtDVXUJLyODÀMD
FLyQGHXQWtWXORQXHYRSDUDGHQRPLQDUORTXHVLQGXGDDOJXQDHUDWRGRXQJpQHUR
SRpWLFRPXVLFDO&RQ©URPDQFHUROtULFRªDVtSXHVHQFRQWUDPRVODH[SUHVLyQH[DFWD
TXH GDED FXHQWD SRU XQ ODGR GH ODV SDODEUDV TXH 3HGUR GH 0RQFD\R GLULJtD ©$O
OHFWRUªHQODSULPHUD\VHJXQGDSDUWHGHVX)ORUGHYDULRVURPDQFHVQXHYRV
+HUHFRJLGRHQHVWD>HGLFLyQ@ORVPHMRUHVURPDQFHVTXHHQHVWRVDxRV
VHKDQFDQWDGRQRFRQSRFRWUDEDMRPtRGHPiVGHODVPDOGLFLRQHVTXH
WRGRVORVP~VLFRVGDQ>«@$ODYHUGDGQRORKDJRSRUKDFHUOHVWLURKD
FLHQGRFRPXQHVVXVURPDQFHVVLQRSRUTXHHVJUDQGtVLPRHQIDGRYpUVHORV
WLUDQL]DUFRPRVLSDUDHOORVVRORVVHKXELHVHQKHFKR
<SRURWURODGRUHFXSHUiEDPRVODSULPHUDDFHSFLyQGH©OtULFRªFRQWUDYLQLHQGR
GHHVWHPRGRDODWHQGHQFLDÀOROyJLFDGHFDOLÀFDUWDQVyORFRPR©HVFULWXUDOtULFD
URPDQFHULOªDDTXHOODTXHWUDWDED©VREUHXQDPDQWHTXHVHKL]RPRUR\GHVSXpV
SDVWRUTXHGHVSXpVVHKL]RSHQLWHQWH\ÀQDOPHQWHSHFDGRUªTXHDODEy©HQWRGDV
VXVSRVHVODSUHVHQFLDÀQDOPHQWHODDXVHQFLDGHVXGDPDª(Q~OWLPDLQVWDQFLD
FRQ©URPDQFHUROtULFRªYLQLPRVDDXQDUSRHVtD\P~VLFDSDUDGHMDUODVGLVSXHVWDVHQ
LJXDOGDGGHFRQGLFLRQHVHQQXHVWUDHGLFLyQFUtWLFDGHORVFDQFLRQHURV
(O DOFDQFH DUWtVWLFR GH DTXHOORV URPDQFHV \ VX P~VLFD FRQMXJDGRV HQ XQD
XQLGDGVXSHULRUHPSH]DPRVDYDORUDUORGHVGHODPRGHVWD\IXQGDPHQWDOWDUHDGH
SXQWXDUORVWH[WRV\DTXHODP~VLFDFRQGLFLRQDEDHQPXFKtVLPDVRFDVLRQHVDTXH
OODH[SUHVLYLGDGDTXHOODHQWRQDFLyQGHORVYHUVRVTXHGHSHQGtDGHODSXQWXDFLyQ
(OOR QRV LPSXVR HO SULPHU FULWHULR GH QXHVWUD HGLFLyQ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULD VLHPSUH
TXH QRV IXHUD SRVLEOH WHQtDPRV TXH UHVSHWDU GHVGH OD SRHVtD HO MXHJR HVWLOtVWLFR
TXHODP~VLFDKDEtDFRQFHELGRSDUDHOOD6LQHPEDUJRHQWRGRPRPHQWRQXHVWUD
ODERUFRPRHGLWRUHVQHFHVLWDEDYHUVHVXSHUDGDSRUXQDDWHQWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHHO
SRUTXpHVWDP~VLFD\QRRWUDDFRJtDORVYHUVRVGHHVWHFRQFUHWRURPDQFHOtULFR\
QRORVGHDTXpOGHFXDWURIROLRVPiVDOOi3HURHUDLQGXGDEOHTXHFRQXQUHSHUWRULR
HGLWDGRGHFXDUHQWD\FLQFRURPDQFHVOtULFRVQRSRGtDPRVSUHWHQGHUTXHHOOHFWRU
QRVDFRPSDxDUDSRUHOGLÀFXOWRVRFDPLQRGHLQWHQWDUH[SOLFDUOHHVHSRUTXp$KRUD
HQ FDPELR FRQ HO VHJXQGR YROXPHQ GHO /LEUR GH 7RQRV +XPDQRV D SXQWR GH VHU
WHUPLQDGR\FRQXQLPSRUWDQWHQ~PHURGHURPDQFHVOtULFRVGHOFDQFLRQHUROLVERHWD
/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,,/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV
YRO , (GLFLyQ GH 0DULDQR /DPEHD P~VLFD \ /ROD -RVD SRHVtD %DUFHORQD &RQVHMR
6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV
)ORUGHYDULRVURPDQFHVQXHYRV3ULPHUD\VHJXQGDSDUWHUHFRSLODGDVSRU3HGURGH0RQFD\R
%DUFHORQD (GLFLyQ QRWDV H tQGLFHV SRU$QWRQLR 5RGUtJXH]0RxLQR 0DGULG 5HDO$FDGHPLD
(VSDxRODIRO
$QWRQLR&DUUHxR(OURPDQFHUROtULFRGH/RSHGH9HJD0DGULG*UHGRVSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
\DWUDQVFULWRVHVWDPRVHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHRIUHFHUORVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHWUD]DVTXH
KDVWDHOSUHVHQWHKHPRVGHVFXELHUWR\DGHPiVSUHWHQGHPRVKDFHUORFRQHOPD\RU
ULJRUSRVLEOHHQVXGHOLPLWDFLyQ\HQVXVGHÀQLFLRQHV
(OFDPLQRFUtWLFR³HOSULPHURTXHHPSUHQGLPRV³GHFRQVLGHUDUFDGDURPDQFH
OtULFRHQVXVLQJXODULGDGHVGHFLUDQDOL]DQGRODVUHODFLRQHVGHXQURPDQFHFRQFUHWR
FRQVXP~VLFDFRQFUHWDQRKDVLGRHOTXHQRVKDFRQGXFLGRDORVUHVXOWDGRVSUHVHQWHV
\DTXHQRGLPRVFRQODFODYHTXHH[SOLFDUDORVIXQGDPHQWRVGHOFRPSRVLWRUDODKRUD
GHPXVLFDUXQURPDQFH6yORREWXYLPRVUHVXOWDGRVHVFODUHFHGRUHVHQHOFDVRGHXQ
URPDQFLOOR©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDª\GHDOJ~QHVWULELOORFRPRHOGH©2OYLGyVHOHD
*LOHWDªURPDQFHHQHOTXHHQFDPELRODKHUPDQGDGHQWUHODP~VLFD\ODSRHVtD
GHODFXDUWHWDTXHGDEDVLQH[SOLFDFLyQ&RPRSRGUiVXSRQHUVHGHXQUHSHUWRULRWDQ
YDVWRHVWRVUHVXOWDGRVQRGHMDEDQGHVHUDQHFGyWLFRV<DVtORFRPXQLFDPRVHQHO
~OWLPRFRQJUHVRGHOD$VRFLDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH+LVSDQLVWDV$VLPLVPR\SHVH
DTXHFRPRVXFHGHFRQORVSRHWDV©KDEtDP~VLFRV\P~VLFRVSREUHVHMHFXWDQWHV
\ HJUHJLRV FRPSRVLWRUHV TXH HUDQ HMHFXWDQWHV GLVWLQJXLGRVª DO HVWDU WUDEDMDQGR
FRQXQRVUHSHUWRULRVQDGDPHQRVTXHSDUDODFRUWHGH)HOLSH,,,\)HOLSH,9QRQRV
UHVXOWDED FRQYLQFHQWH OD KLSyWHVLV GH TXH HVH PDULGDMH HQWUH P~VLFD \ SRHVtD TXH
WDQWRVHQRVUHVLVWtDHUDGHELGRDODIDOWDGHPDHVWUtDSRUSDUWHGHORVFRPSRVLWRUHV
/RTXHIDOODEDLQVLVWLPRVHUDHOPpWRGR
(ODQiOLVLVGHODUHODFLyQP~VLFDSRHVtDGHOURPDQFHUROtULFRGHEHHPSUHQGHUVH
GHVGHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHOFRQMXQWRGHFDWHJRUtDVJHQHUDOHVGHOTXHGHSHQGHFDGD
URPDQFH (V GHFLU OD KLSHUWH[WXDOLGDG< HQWLpQGDVH SRU KLSHUWH[WXDOLGDG ©WRGD
UHODFLyQTXHXQHXQWH[WR%ª³HOKLSHUWH[WR³©DXQWH[WR$ª³HOKLSRWH[WR³
5HVXOWDH[FXVDGRUHIHULUODUHODFLyQGHYDULDQWHVWH[WXDOHVDTXHREOLJDFDGDURPDQFH
OtULFRSXHVWRTXHFDGDXQRSRUVtSUHVXSRQHXQDWUDGLFLyQFRQYDULRVWHVWLPRQLRV
FRPRPtQLPRGHGRVODYHUVLyQSRpWLFD\ODYHUVLyQSRpWLFRPXVLFDO\pVWD~OWLPD
DGHPiVFDVLVLHPSUHFRQHUURUHVSURSLRVGHOFRSLVWD3HUROyJLFDPHQWHKDEtDPRV
UHOHJDGRODFUtWLFDWH[WXDOVyORDODWDUHDÀOROyJLFD(QFDPELRFXDQGRSDVDPRVD
FHQWUDU QXHVWUD DWHQFLyQ HQ OD UHSHUFXVLyQ TXH OD P~VLFD WHQtD VREUH ODV YDULDQWHV
WH[WXDOHVGHDTXHOORVURPDQFHVOtULFRVDORVTXHKDEtDPRVFRQVHJXLGRHQFRQWUDUOHV
HQHOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVVXIXHQWHXRWURWHVWLPRQLROLWHUDULRSXGLPRVDSUHFLDUFRQ
QLWLGH]ODVSUHWHQVLRQHVGHODP~VLFDVREUHHOWH[WRSRpWLFR
©6HWRPDWDPELpQSRUGLVSRVLFLyQDUWHRVLPHWUtDª'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHV
1žGHQXHVWUDHGLFLyQ/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«
SiJVSRHVtD\P~VLFD
1žGHQXHVWUDHGLFLyQLELGSiJVSRHVtD\P~VLFD
/ROD-RVD0DULDQR/DPEHD©(OMXHJRHQWUHDUWHSRpWLFR\DUWHPXVLFDOHQHOURPDQFHUROtULFR
HVSDxROGHOVLJOR;9,,ª$FWDVGHO;,9&RQJUHVRGHOD$VRFLDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH+LVSDQLVWDV1XHYD
<RUNGHMXOLRGHHQSUHQVD
0RQWHVLQRVRSFLWSiJ
*pUDUG*HQHWWH3DOLPSVHVWRV/DOLWHUDWXUDHQVHJXQGRJUDGR0DGULG7DXUXVSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(VDV YDULDQWHV WH[WXDOHV TXH DQWHV VyOR WHQtDQ PXFKR R SRFR LQWHUpV SRpWLFR
DKRUDVHQRVGHVFXEUtDQFRPRHORFXHQWHVWHVWLPRQLRVGHODP~VLFDWDQWRGHOHVWULELOOR
FRPRGHODFXDUWHWDORGHFtDQWRGRHQFXDQWRDOSRUTXpGHHVDYHUVLyQGHOSRHPD
\QRRWUD/RVDQiOLVLVTXHVHVXFHGLHURQQRVGHVYHODURQHODUWHHVGHFLUODVWUD]DV
FRQ TXH SURFHGtDQ ORV FRPSRVLWRUHV D OD KRUD GH SRQHU HQ P~VLFD XQ URPDQFH R
PHMRUGLFKRDODKRUDGHSRQHUHQP~VLFDODYHUVLyQSRpWLFDGHXQURPDQFHTXHHOORV
LEDQDFRQYHUWLUHQURPDQFHOtULFR$XQTXHORVPXVLFyORJRVKD\DQWHQLGRSUHVHQWHV
ODVPRGLÀFDFLRQHVTXHVXIUHWRGRSRHPDHQ©VXSXHVWDHQP~VLFDªDWHQRUGHORV
WHVWLPRQLRVTXHEULQGDQ©ORVFDQFLRQHURVGHSROLIRQtDSURIDQDFRQVHUYDGRVªQR
VHKDFRQVLGHUDGRQLLQYHVWLJDGRTXHWRGRURPDQFHOtULFRHVKLSHUWH[WRGHXQWH[WR
DQWHULRU\TXHKD\TXHHQWHQGHUHVDKLSHUWH[WXDOLGDGHQVXLQWHJULGDGFRPRXQLGDG
SRpWLFRPXVLFDO QDFLGD GH OD QHFHVLGDG GH H[WUHPDU FRQ OD P~VLFD OR SRpWLFR HQ
IXQFLyQ GH XQR GH ORV REMHWLYRV ³HO RtGR³ GH HVD SRHVtD EDUURFD ©VXUJLGD SDUD
FRQPRYHU\DGPLUDUFRQWRGRVORVUHVRUWHVGHODGUDPDWL]DFLyQª
6LQHPEDUJRODVDWULEXFLRQHVKDQVLGRXQRGHORVSUREOHPDVTXHPiVKDDWUDtGR
DORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVSDUDSRGHU©WULXQIDUHQÀQGHODQRQLPDWRHQTXHVHFRPSODFHQ
SRHWDVª\UHFRSLODGRUHV©LQVFULELHQGRXQQRPEUHLOXVWUHDVHUSRVLEOHVREUHFDGD
URPDQFHª$IiQ TXH SRU HMHPSOR KD OOHYDGR D DWULEXLU HO URPDQFH ©(QYXHOWR
HQ VXV HVSHUDQ]DVª GHO &DQFLRQHUR 3RpWLFR0XVLFDO +LVSiQLFR GH /LVERD QDGD
PHQRVTXHD*yQJRUDWDQVRORSRUHOKHFKRGH©GHVDUUROODUORVPLVPRVFRQFHSWRV
HPSOHDUYDULDVSDODEUDV\WHQHUHOPLVPRHVWULELOORªTXHRWURURPDQFHGHOPLVPR
FDQFLRQHURTXHHQHVHFDVRVtTXHHVGH*yQJRUD(VLQGXGDEOHTXHHVWHWLSRGH
SUXHEDVQRSXHGHQVHUQXQFDHVJULPLGDVHQHOFDVRGHODVDWULEXFLRQHVGHOURPDQ
FHUR OtULFR WDO \ FRPR SRGUi FRPSUREDUVH FXDQGR SDVHPRV D RFXSDUQRV GH FDGD
XQDGHODVWUD]DV3HURHVTXHDGHPiVHQ~OWLPDLQVWDQFLDODDXWRUtDRDQRQLPLD
GHXQURPDQFHQRGHMDGHVHUXQ©SHTXHxRHQLJPDªSXHVWRTXH©ROYLGDPRVFRQ
GHPDVLDGD IUHFXHQFLD DOJR HYLGHQWtVLPRª TXH QR VyOR H[LVWtDQ ©/RSH *yQJRUD
/LxiQ &HUYDQWHV \ RWURV SRFRV SRHWDV VLQR LQÀQLWRV DOWDPHQWH GRWDGRV PXFKRV
ROYLGDGRV\DQDGDPHGLRFUHVORVRWURVª4XHGDQD~QSRUUHYLVDU\UHVHxDUPXFKDV
/XLV5REOHGR-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWURFD9LGD\REUDPXVLFDO=DUDJR]D,QVWLWXFLyQ
)HUQDQGRHO&DWyOLFRSiJE
$XURUD(JLGR©/DKLGUDERFDO6REUHODSDODEUDSRpWLFDHQHOEDUURFRª)URQWHUDVGHODSRHVtD
HQHOEDUURFR%DUFHORQD&UtWLFDSiJ
0RQWHVLQRVRSFLWSiJ
/LVERD%LEOLRWHFDGD$MXGDPV9,IROVYU\PVV9,9,\9,
IROVYU
&DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH *yQJRUD 5HFRSLODFLyQ WUDQVFULSFLyQ \ HVWXGLR SRU 0LTXHO 4XHURO
*DYDOGi%DUFHORQD&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDVSiJ
1RVUHIHULPRVD©6LQ/HGD\VLQHVSHUDQ]Dª/LVERD%LEOLRWHFDGD$MXGDPV9,IROV
YU\PVV9,9,\9,IROVYU
0RQWHVLQRVRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
IXHQWHVLPSUHVDV\PDQXVFULWDVPXFKRVSDSHOHVVXHOWRVFDUWDSDFLRVFyGLFHVpVWH
HVHOYHUGDGHURSUREOHPD<
QLQJXQD DWULEXFLyQ QLQJXQD LQGLFDFLyQ SXHGH RULOODUVH SDUWLHQGR GH
DSULRULVPRDOJXQRQLQJXQDGHEHWRPDUVHHQFXHQWDVLQVRPHWHUODDORV
PiVHÀFDFHVUHDFWLYRVGHODFUtWLFD>«@+D\TXHFDPELDUGHPpWRGRV
&XDQGR FRQR]FDPRV HQ GHWDOOH OR PiV GHOLFDGR GH OD HVWUXFWXUD GH ORV
URPDQFHVFXDQGRSRGDPRVSURFHGHUDDSUHFLDUORVHQFXDQWRDOHVWLOR>«@
WRGRVORVRWURVLQGLFLRVVHUiQSOHQDPHQWHXWLOL]DEOHV+DVWDHQWRQFHVODV
GHGXFFLRQHVTXHVHLQWHQWHQVDOYRFRQWDGRVFDVRVSDUHFHUiQSXHULOHV
,,
3DVHPRVSXHVDRFXSDUQRVGHODVWUD]DV\ORKDUHPRVHQSULPHUOXJDUDSUR
SyVLWRGHOURPDQFLOORFRQHVWULELOORPHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWH©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDª
$HVWHSURSyVLWRFDEHPHQFLRQDUODPDJQtÀFDODERUOOHYDGDDFDERSRUHOHTXLSR(GDGGH2UR
GHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULGHQVX&DWiORJRGHPDQXVFULWRVGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOFRQ
SRHVtDHQFDVWHOODQRGHORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,(GLFLyQGLULJLGDSRU3DEOR-DXUDOGH3RX0DGULG(GLWRULDO
$UFR/LEURVYROV
0RQWHVLQRVRSFLWSiJV\
(QODWDEODVLQySWLFDGHODQH[RUHFRJHPRVWRGRVORVWLSRVGHWUD]DVVXVUHVSHFWLYDVGHÀQLFLRQHV
DVtFRPRHOtQFLSLWGHORVURPDQFHVHVFRJLGRVSDUDHMHPSOLÀFDUODV'HEDMRGHOtQFLSLWGHORVURPDQFHV
HQWUHSDUpQWHVLVLQGLFDPRVHOFDQFLRQHURDOTXHSHUWHQHFHQ/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV/7+R&DQFLRQHUR
3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERD&30+/\HOYROXPHQGHODSXEOLFDFLyQHQHOFDVRGHO/7+
RELHQHOQ~PHURTXHVHOHVDVLJQDHQHOtQGLFHGHOFDQFLRQHURHQHOFDVRGHO&30+/TXHDGHPiV
FRLQFLGLUi FRQ HO GH QXHVWUD HGLFLyQ 3DUD ORV WUHV URPDQFHV GHO /7+ RIUHFHPRV HQ SULPHU OXJDU ODV
SiJLQDV GHO WH[WR SRpWLFR \ D FRQWLQXDFLyQ ODV GH OD P~VLFD &RQ ORV URPDQFHV GHO &30+/ WUDV OD
QXPHUDFLyQGHOtQGLFHWHQGUtDPRVTXHHVSHFLÀFDUODIROLDFLyQGHFDGDXQRGHHOORVSHURFRPRUHVXOWD
GHPDVLDGRH[WHQVDSDUDHOHVSDFLRGHODWDEODODLQGLFDPRVDTXt6RQWUHVWDPELpQORVURPDQFHVTXH
KHPRVVHOHFFLRQDGRGHO&30+/©/DPiVEHOODQLxDª©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVª\©(OEDVDOLVFR
HQFDUQDGRª/RTXHYDPRVDRIUHFHUSDUDFDGDXQRGHHVWRVWUHVURPDQFHVOtULFRVHVODIROLDFLyQPRGHUQD
HQWDPSyQTXHSUHVHQWDQORVFXDGHUQRVPDQXVFULWRV'HHVWHPRGR©/DPiVEHOODQLxDªHVWiHQORVIROV
HQPV9,\HQPVV9,9,\9,©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVª
HQORVIROVYUHQPV9,\IROVYUHQPVV9,9,\9,
\ ©(O EDVDOLVFR HQFDUQDGRª HQ ORV IROV YU HQ PV 9, \ IROV YU HQ PVV 9,
9,\9,(QFXDQWRDORVQRPEUHVGHODVWUD]DV\VXVGHÀQLFLRQHVKHPRVWRPDGR³VDOYR
HQXQDH[FHSFLyQ³FRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDORVFULWHULRVTXH*HQHWWHHVWDEOHFHSDUDHOHVWXGLRGHOD©OL
WHUDWXUDHQVHJXQGRJUDGRªHQVX\DPHQFLRQDGROLEUR6LQHPEDUJRKHPRVDMXVWDGRORVWpUPLQRV\VXV
GHÀQLFLRQHVDODUHDOLGDGSRpWLFDGHOURPDQFHUROtULFRGHOVLJOR;9,,3RUHOORUHPLWLPRVDOOHFWRUDOD
WHUPLQRORJtDGH*HQHWWHSDUDTXHODFRQIURQWHFRQODTXHQRVRWURVKHPRVÀMDGR$VtSXHVSDUDFDGDWLSR
GHWUD]DUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\DH[FHSFLyQGHODWUD]DSRUWUDQVPXWDFLyQFIU*HQHWWHRSFLWSiJV
\\5HVSHFWRDODWUD]DSRUWUDQVPXWDFLyQYLG%DOWDVDU*UDFLiQ$UWH
GH LQJHQLR 7UDWDGR GH OD$JXGH]D (GLFLyQ GH (PLOLR %ODQFR 0DGULG &iWHGUD SiJV ©'LVFXUVR;9,ª
9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOSRHPDQž\HOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
FRQP~VLFDGHOSDGUH%HUQDUGR0XULOORHVKLSHUWH[WRSRUWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODVLOYD
©&RUFLOODWHPHURVDªGH*yQJRUD(VWHWLSRGHWUD]DFRQVLVWHHQFRQYHUWLUODIXHQWH
OLWHUDULD³HQHVWHFDVR³HQURPDQFHOtULFRHQDUDVGHHVD©JUDQOLEHUWDGªGHODTXH
JR]DEDODSRHVtDEDUURFDSDUD©SODVPDUHQIRUPDDPSOLDRUHGXFLGDªXQSRHPD
4XHVHD*yQJRUDRQRHODXWRUGHOURPDQFLOORGHPRPHQWRQRORVDEHPRVSHUROR
FLHUWRHVTXHORHVFULELyXQSRHWD\DQRVyOR©DOWDPHQWHGRWDGRªVLQRTXHDGHPiV
FRQ KRQGRV FRQRFLPLHQWRV PXVLFDOHV R FXDQWR PHQRV HQ HVWUHFKtVLPD FRODERUD
FLyQFRQHOPDHVWUR0XULOOR(VVXPDPHQWHVLJQLÀFDWLYRHLQDXGLWRTXHHOHVTXHPD
DFHQWXDOGHODSULPHUDFXDUWHWDVHPDQWHQJDFRQH[DFWLWXGHQODVRWUDVVLHWHORTXH
FRQÀHUHDOURPDQFLOORXQDHVWUXFWXUDUtWPLFDDEVROXWDPHQWHDUPyQLFD/DP~VLFDSRU
VXSDUWHVHPXHVWUDUtWPLFDPHQWHXQLIRUPHHQFDGDXQRGHORVSULPHURVYHUVRVSDUD
KHUPDQDUVHFRQHOGHVFULSWLYLVPRFRQODDGMHWLYDFLyQTXHDUUDQFDGHpVWRV3DUDORV
WUHVYHUVRVUHVWDQWHVHQFDPELRODP~VLFDFXHQWDFRQDSR\RVUtWPLFRVTXHGLQDPL
]DQHOGLVFXUVRPXVLFDO\GHHVWDPDQHUDSRQHQYHUGDGHUDPHQWHHQPRYLPLHQWROD
KXLGDGHODFRUFLOOD3HURHOSDGUH0XULOORKLODD~QPiVÀQRFUHDXQDSDXVDPXVLFDO
UHWyULFDSDUDHOWHUFHUYHUVRFRPSiVDVDELHQGDVGHTXHORVWHUFHURVYHUVRVHQ
ODVFXDUWHWDVGHHVWHURPDQFLOORPDUFDQHOGLVHxRLQWHUQRGHOSRHPD$VLPLVPROD
DQiIRUDHQWUHHOWHUFHUYHUVR\HOFXDUWRGHWRGDVODVFXDUWHWDV³PHQRVHQOD\
OD ~OWLPD³ HO FRPSRVLWRU OD FRQWUDVWD PXVLFDOPHQWH FRQ XQD VHJXQGD SDXVD TXH
GXUDPiVTXHODDQWHULRUFRPSiVFRQORTXHFRQVLJXHTXHODP~VLFDMXHJXH©D
GLVWDQFLDUWHPSRUDOPHQWHORTXHODSRHVtDHQIDWL]DSRUXQLyQª
(QFXDQWRDOHVWULELOORSDUDORVWUHVSHQWDVtODERV0XULOORFRPSXVRVHLVFRPSDVHV
GHP~VLFDPiVTXHSDUDODFXDUWHWD\ORKL]RQRVyORSRUHVDFRQFHSFLyQEDUURFD
GHOHVWULELOORFRPRHVSDFLRGHH[SHULPHQWDFLyQPXVLFDOVLQRSRUTXHDVLPLVPR
HOFRQWUDSXQWRLPLWDWLYRFDVDEDDODSHUIHFFLyQFRQOD©SULVDªGHODFRUFLOODGHORV
GRVSULPHURVYHUVRVFRPSDVHV\PLHQWUDVTXHXQDYH]VHPHQFLRQDHO
GHVWLQR GH HVD KXLGD ³OD ©KHULGDª GHO ~OWLPR SHQWDVtODER³ HUD OD KRPRIRQtD OD
TXHWHQtDTXHVHUHQDUHOPRYLPLHQWRPXVLFDOFRPSDVHV\
9LG/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«SiJVE\
(JLGRRSFLWSiJ
/L
JH
UD\
WH
PH
UR
VD
ID
WL
JD
GD
FRU
FL
OOD
SRU
HO
ERV
TXH
WH
OOH
YDV
SRU
HO
DL
UH
FD
PL
QDV







/D SUHSRVLFLyQ ©SRUª FRQ OD TXH HPSLH]DQ ORV GRV ~OWLPRV YHUVRV GH OD FXDUWHWD OD FRQVLGHUDPRV
YRFDEORSURVyGLFDPHQWHDFHQWXDGRSHURFRQYDORUVHFXQGDULR9LGDOUHVSHFWR71DYDUUR7RPiV0pWULFD
HVSDxROD%DUFHORQD(GLWRULDO/DERUSiJ
/ROD-RVD0DULDQR/DPEHD©(OMXHJRHQWUHDUWHSRpWLFR\DUWHPXVLFDO«ªHQSUHQVD
,ELG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
(VWHURPDQFLOOROtULFRTXHPDQWLHQHHOYHUVRKHSWDVtODERGHODVLOYDJRQJRULQD
HVSRUORWDQWRSUHFLRVR\HMHPSODUWHVWLPRQLRGHFyPRODP~VLFDD\XGyDGLJQLÀFDU
³£\GHTXpPDQHUD³HOPHWURWUDGLFLRQDO
(OVLJXLHQWHURPDQFHOtULFRFRQHVWULELOORGHOTXHQRVYDPRVDRFXSDUHV©+H
ULGDV HQ XQ UHQGLGRª FRQ P~VLFD GH FRPSRVLWRU DQyQLPR 6H WUDWD GH XQ KLSHU
WH[WRSRUDPSOLÀFDFLyQGHOURPDQFHDVtWLWXODGRGH$QWRQLR+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]D
(Q HVWH FDVR OD WUD]D SRpWLFRPXVLFDO KD GHVDUUROODGR HO WHPD \ HO HVWLOR SRpWLFR
GHO URPDQFH GH +XUWDGR GH 0HQGR]D FRQ WDO IRUWXQD DGHPiV TXH QRV REOLJD D
VXSRQHUDOSURSLRSRHWDFRPRDXWRUGHOKLSHUWH[WRRSRUORPHQRVDRWURDQy
QLPR LJXDOPHQWH ©GRWDGRª \ FRPR KDFtD +XUWDGR GH 0HQGR]D FRODERUDGRU GHO
P~VLFR/RFLHUWRHVTXHHOKLSRWH[WRSUHVHQWDFLQFRFXDUWHWDVPiVXQHVWULELOOR
GHWUHVYHUVRVIUHQWHDODVRFKRFXDUWHWDV\HOHVWULELOORGHVHLVYHUVRVGHOURPDQFH
OtULFRWHVWLPRQLROLWHUDULRSRURWURODGRGHPD\RUDPELFLyQSRpWLFDSHURQRSRU
VHUPiVH[WHQVRVLQRSRUVHUSUHFLVDPHQWHOtULFR(PSHFHPRVREVHUYDQGRODVYD
ULDQWHVTXHSUHVHQWDHQODFXDUWHWDpVWDVHLQLFLDFRQODFRQMXQFLyQTXHPDUFDUi
XQDHVWUXFWXUDDQDIyULFDFRQODFXDUWHWDTXHOHVLJXHSRUVXSDUWHHODSyVWURIHVH
GLULJHDRWUDGDPDQDGDPHQRVTXHDODJRQJRULQD©&ORULª³~QLFRLQGLFLRTXH
QRVKDUtDGXGDUGHODDXWRUtDGHOSURSLR+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]D³\SRU~OWLPRODV
©OLVRQMDVªTXHTXHGDQFRQYHUWLGDVHQ©OiJULPDVªYHVXQDYDULDQWHTXHHVWi
HQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODIXQFLyQGHODVYDULDQWHVGHODFXDUWHWD³©EUD]RIXHUWHª
Y³\GHOD³HOSROLVtQGHWRQGHORVYY³GHVERUGDUD~QPiVHOGRORU
GHO\RSRpWLFR)XQFLyQTXHDVLPLVPRMXVWLÀFDODSUHVHQFLDHQHOURPDQFHOtULFR
GH ODV FXDUWHWDV  \  /D  TXH DUUDQFDFRQ XQD SDUDGRMDTXH SURORQJD ODV
GHODVFXDUWHWDVDQWHULRUHVVHGHVDUUROODPHGLDQWHGRVLQWHUURJDFLRQHVUHWyULFDVTXH
1ž GH QXHVWUD HGLFLyQ /D P~VLFD \ OD SRHVtD HQ FDQFLRQHURV SROLIyQLFRV GHO VLJOR ;9,,«
SiJVEDSRHVtD\P~VLFD9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOSRHPDQž\HOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
(QFXDQWRDOD©PDTXLQDULDDUWtVWLFDªGHODFRUWHGH)HOLSH,9\ORVFRPSRVLWRUHV\SRHWDVGHO
/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRVYLG/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«SiJV
,ELG
$SURSyVLWRGH©&ORULVªDQRWD&DUUHxRHQVXHGLFLyQGHORVURPDQFHVGH*yQJRUD©1XPHURVDV
VRQODVPHQFLRQHVDRWURQRPEUHSDUHFLGR©&ORULªHQODOtULFDGH/XLVGH*yQJRUD>«@$OUHGHGRUGH
HVWHQRPEUHLQGLFD0>LOOp@*>LPpQH]@VHKDTXHULGRDERUGDUXQDOH\HQGDSXHVHQ©HOtQGLFHGHSRH
PDVGH*yQJRUDFRSLDGRSRU*DOODUGRTXHSHUWHQHFLyDGRQ-XVWR6DQFKRVHGLFHTXH&ORULVHUDGRxD
&DWDOLQDGHOD&HUGDGHTXLHQHVWDEDGRQ/XLVHQDPRUDGR1DGDVHVDEHGHHVWR>«@3HURQRIDOWDQ
RWURVWHVWLPRQLRVDQWLJXRVª>«@6LQHPEDUJRHQRWUDVRFDVLRQHV>«@&ORULR&ORULVUHVXOWDVHUGRxD
%ULDQGDGHOD&HUGDODKLMDGHOPDUTXpVGH$\DPRQWH\1DLVODPDUTXHVD$MX]JDUSRUODVQXPHURVDV
FRPSRVLFLRQHVTXHOHGHGLFDDHVWDIDPLOLD*yQJRUDPDQWXYRXQDHVWUHFKDDPLVWDGFRQORVPDUTXHVHV
GH$\DPRQWHª/XLVGH*yQJRUD5RPDQFHV(GLFLyQGH$QWRQLR&DUUHxR0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJV
Q
(VWHGHVERUGDPLHQWR©WLHQHWDPELpQVXEDVHFRQFHSWXDOSXHVODDJXGH]DHQWHQGtDGHODH[DJH
UDFLyQGHOVHQWLPLHQWRª(JLGRRSFLWSiJ$FRQWLQXDFLyQUHPLWHDOGLVFXUVR;,;GHOD$JXGH]D
GH*UDFLiQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
EXVFDQODDGPLUDFLyQHQXQDVSUHJXQWDVTXHQRWLHQHQQLHVSHUDQUHVSXHVWD\TXH
VyORSUHWHQGHQTXH©ODLQDFFHVLELOLGDGDPRURVDFRLQFLGDFRQODLQHIDELOLGDGSRpWL
FDª/DFXDUWHWDDGHPiVGHFUHDUODHVWUXFWXUDDQDIyULFDFRQODFRPRGLMLPRV
PHGLDQWHXQDDQWtWHVLV³©PXHUWHªY©YLGDªY³SURORQJDDVXYH]OD
SRpWLFDGHOVLOHQFLRFRQRWUDLQWHUURJDFLyQUHWyULFDPiV3RpWLFDGHOVLOHQFLRTXH
OD P~VLFD H[WUHPD FRQ XQD SDXVD FRPSiV GHVSXpV GHO ÀQDO GH FDGD FXDUWHWD
³PXHUWHDERUUHFLPLHQWRRIHQVDSpUGLGDGHVGHQHVPXHUWH
\GHUURWD³)LQDOPHQWHHQOD~OWLPDHVWURIDWHQHPRVODH[FODPDFLyQTXH
FLHUUDHOURPDQFHFRQXQDVXFHVLyQGHWUHVYHUVRVPDUFDGRVXQDYH]PiVSRUOD
DQiIRUDTXHUHLQFLGHHQODUHSHWLFLyQHQODH[DJHUDFLyQRGHVERUGDPLHQWRGHHVH
GHVGpQVXIULGRGHVGHHOROYLGR\HOVLOHQFLR
(OHVWULELOORHVWDPELpQRWUDXQLGDGPiVHVWUXFWXUDGDDQDIyULFDPHQWH6XSULPHU
YHUVRHVHOGHOKLSRWH[WRGHVDUUROODGRSRUGRVYHUVRVPiVTXHDPSOLÀFDQVXSDUDGRMD
LQLFLDO/DVHJXQGDHVWURIDGHOHVWULELOORHPSLH]DUHSLWLHQGROR\DUHSHWLGRFRQXQ
YHUVRPDUFDGRSRUODHSDQDGLSORVLV$FRQWLQXDFLyQOHVLJXHQORVRWURVGRVYHUVRV
TXHIDOWDEDQGHOKLSRWH[WR\TXHVRQORVTXHPiVUHSLWHODP~VLFDSRUHODIiQGH
HQVDO]DUHOHVWULELOORGHODIXHQWHOLWHUDULDFRPSDVHV\0XVLFDOPHQ
WHHOHVWULELOORHVFRPRXQDUHVXUUHFFLyQWUDVODSDXVDTXHODP~VLFDKDFHSDUDOD
©PXHUWHª GHO FLHUUH GH OD FXDUWHWD 8QD UHVXUUHFFLyQ SRpWLFRPXVLFDO D FDXVD GH
XQDPRUDSDVLRQDGRTXHWHUPLQDQXHYDPHQWHSRUPDWDUPRWLYRSRUHOFXDOXQD
GLVRQDQFLDPXVLFDOVHUiHOSHQ~OWLPRFRPSiVGHOHVWULELOOR
$ SURSyVLWR GH OD WUD]D SRU GLVPLQXFLyQ KHPRV VHOHFFLRQDGR ©/D PiV EHOOD
QLxDªFRQP~VLFDGHFRPSRVLWRUGHVFRQRFLGR(QHVWHURPDQFLOOROtULFRVHKDDEUH
YLDGRHOIDPRVRURPDQFLOORGH*yQJRUDUHSHUFXWLHQGRODUHGXFFLyQHQHOGHVDUUROOR
GHOWHPD(OSRHWDGHDFXHUGRFRQHOP~VLFRRHOP~VLFRPLVPRTXLVLHURQTXHHO
URPDQFHOtULFRUHFRJLHUDGHVSXpVGHODVGRVFXDUWHWDVLQWURGXFWRULDVVyORDTXpOODV
HQODVTXHODQLxDVHGLULJHDODPDGUHDSHODQGRGLUHFWDPHQWHDVXFRPSUHQVLyQ3RU
,ELGSiJ
©/D FRUWHGDG GH OD SDODEUD DO WUDGXFLU OD H[SHULHQFLD DPRURVD LQYLWD D VX HOXVLyQ 3HUR HO
SRHWDKDFHGHHOORYR]\YHUVRPRVWUDQGRKDVWDTXpSXQWRODSRHVtDYLYHGHODSDUDGRMD2WUDVYHFHV
VLQ HPEDUJR OD SUpGLFD GH OD LQHIDELOLGDG \ GH ORV LPSRVLEOHV H[SUHVLYRV QR GHMD GH VHU XQD PDQLGD
IyUPXOD UHWyULFD 3RU OR PLVPR WDPELpQ FDEH UHFRUGDU FyPR DSDUHFH HQ OD SRHVtD GHO 6LJOR GH 2UR
VLJXLHQGRHOUHFXUVRGHODFDSWDFLyQEHQHYROHQWHIUHQWHDXQDGHVWLQDWDULDGtVFRODRIUHQWHDORVSURSLRV
OHFWRUHVª(JLGR©/DSRpWLFDGHOVLOHQFLRHQHO6LJORGH2UR6XSHUYLYHQFLDª)URQWHUDVGHODSRHVtD
HQHOEDUURFR«SiJ
$ SURSyVLWR GH OD KLSpUEROH UHPLWLPRV DO LQWHUHVDQWtVLPR WUDEDMR GH 5RVD 1DYDUUR 'XUiQ
©©(QWUHWDQWRTXHHOVRODOPXQGRDOXPEUH«ªXQDKLSpUEROHIRVLOL]DGDª%XOOHWLQ+LVSDQLTXH/;;;9
SiJV
1žGHO&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERD3DUDVXIROLDFLyQUHPLWLPRVDOD
QRWD9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOSRHPDQž\HOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž+D\HGLFLyQPRGHUQDGHHVWDSLH]D
HQ&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUD«SiJVSDUDHOWH[WR\GHODSDUWHPXVLFDO
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
HVRKDEODPRVGHDPLQRUDUHOWHPDFRQHVWHWLSRGHWUD]DSRUTXHFRPRSRGHPRV
FRPSUREDUFRQHVWHHMHPSORODVRWUDVVLHWHFXDUWHWDVGH*yQJRUDTXHVHVXSULPHQ
VRQ GHVDKRJRV ³D H[FHSFLyQ GH XQD³ TXH UHÀHUHQ GLUHFWDPHQWH OD DXVHQLFD GHO
HVSRVR /D H[FHSFLyQ HV OD FXDUWHWD  GH *yQJRUD \D TXH VLHQGR XQD DSHODFLyQ
GLUHFWD D OD PDGUH QR OD UHFRJH HO URPDQFH OtULFR< QR VH UHFRJH SUHFLVDPHQWH
SRUODFRQWHQFLyQFRQTXHVHKDTXHULGRÀMDUODV~SOLFD\HOGXOFHUHSURFKHGHOD
QLxDDVXPDGUH
/DOyJLFDGHODWUD]DSRpWLFRPXVLFDOGHHVWHURPDQFLOOROtULFRFRUUHHQGLUHFFLyQ
RSXHVWDDODGHODDPSOLÀFDFLyQVLHQHOURPDQFHOtULFR©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRªVH
SURFHGtDSRUODUHWyULFDGHUHSHWLUOR\DUHSHWLGRDKRUDHQHVWHFDVRHVODUHWyULFD
GHODFRQWHQFLyQODTXHFRQVLJXHSRUVtQWHVLVGHMDUDODQLxD\DODPDGUHIUHQWHD
IUHQWH HOLPLQDQGR DUJXPHQWRV \ HO GHVDUUROOR GHO ©GHFLUª GH OD QLxD /D P~VLFD
DQWHODVXSXHVWDWHQVLyQHQWUHPDGUHHKLMDVHWHQVDWDPELpQHQORVWUHVSULPHURV
YHUVRV GH OD FXDUWHWD SDUD WHUPLQDU FRQ OD FDGHQFLD PHODQFyOLFD D TXH LQYLWD HO
~OWLPRYHUVR
7HQJDPRVSUHVHQWHTXHHVWDPRVDQWHXQDIXHQWHOLWHUDULDFXOWDSHURTXHVHUHFUHD
HQODOtULFDWUDGLFLRQDOSRUORTXHWUDVGHMDU*yQJRUDODKXHOODGHVXSURSLDLQGLYL
GXDOLGDGOLWHUDULD\KDFHUGHVXSRHPDXQIDPRVtVLPRURPDQFLOORHOP~VLFRRHO
SRHWDTXHWUDEDMDSDUDHOP~VLFRDOHQWDGRSRUHOSULQFLSLRGHOD©YDULHGDGDUWtVWLFDª
TXLVRTXHHOURPDQFLOOROtULFR©WUDMHUDDGPLUDFLyQªDOR\DFRQRFLGR
©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVªHVHOVLJXLHQWHURPDQFHOtULFRTXHQRVYDD
SHUPLWLULOXVWUDUODWUD]DSRpWLFRPXVLFDOSRUFRQFLVLyQPHGLDQWHODFXDOVHFRQVLJXH
XQURPDQFHOtULFRPiVDEUHYLDGRTXHHOKLSRWH[WRSHURVLQTXHpVWHVHYHDGLVPL
QXLGRWHPiWLFDPHQWH/DIXHQWHOLWHUDULDHQHVWHFDVRHVHOURPDQFHGH)UDQFLVFR
0DQXHO GH 0HOR TXH pO PLVPR HGLWy \ DO TXH DGHPiV GH HVFULELUOH XQ OHPD OH
DxDGLy OD LQHVWLPDEOH LQIRUPDFLyQ GH TXH KDEtD VLGR ©SXHVWR HQ P~VLFD SRU HO 3
©'H[DGPH OORUDU RULOODV >GH OD@ PDUª 0DUJLW )UHQN &RUSXV GH OD DQWLJXD OtULFD SRSXODU
KLVSiQLFDVLJORV;9D;9,,0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJ$SURSyVLWRGHOHVWULELOORQRTXHUHPRV
VLOHQFLDU OD LQFRQJUXHQFLD HQ OD TXH LQFXUUH 4XHURO DO OODPDU OD DWHQFLyQ GH TXH HO WHVWLPRQLR GH HVWH
URPDQFHGHO&DQFLRQHURGH0yGHQDSUHVHQWDHOHVWULELOORFDGDRFKRYHUVRV+HPRVGHGHFLUFRPRHO
OHFWRU\DVDEUiTXHQRHVXQDSHFXOLDULGDGGHOURPDQFHOtULFRGH0yGHQDVLQRTXHHVHOKLSRWH[WRHO
TXHÀMDHOHVWULELOORFDGDGRVFXDUWHWDV&IU&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ
9LG &DUORV$OYDU ©3RHVtD FXOWD \ OtULFD WUDGLFLRQDOª HQ /tULFD SRSXODU OtULFD WUDGLFLRQDO
/HFFLRQHV HQ KRPHQDMH D 'RQ (PLOLR *DUFtD *yPH] (GLFLyQ GH 3HGUR 0 3LxHUR 5DPtUH] 6HYLOOD
8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOODSiJV
5HPLWLPRVDODLOXVWUDGDQRWDGH&DUUHxRHQODTXHGDUHODFLyQGHWRGRVORVWHVWLPRQLRVOLWHUDULRV
TXHVHFRQRFHQGHHVWHURPDQFHJRQJRULQR*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ
(JLGR©/DKLGUDERFDO«ªSiJ
$ORQVR /ySH] 3LQFLDQR 3KLORVRSKLD DQWLJXD SRpWLFD (GLFLyQ GH$OIUHGR &DUEDOOR 3LFD]R
0DGULG&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDVYROSiJ
1žGHO&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERD3DUDVXIROLDFLyQUHPLWLPRVD
ODQRWD9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOSRHPDQž\HOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
0))LOLSHGHOD0>DGUH@GH'>LRV@ª/DVSUHJXQWDVTXHVXUJHQVRQGRV¢HVHO
PDHVWUR)LOLSHGHOD0DGUHGH'LRVHOFRPSRVLWRUDQyQLPRGHOURPDQFHOtULFR"¢(V
ODIXHQWHOLWHUDULDGH0HOR\DXQURPDQFHOtULFR"(VGHFLU¢FXiOGHORVGRVURPDQFHV
PXVLFy HO FRPSRVLWRU SRUWXJXpV HO TXH HGLWD 0HOR R HO GHO FDQFLRQHUR OLVERHWD"
7HQHPRVTXHVHJXLUPRYLpQGRQRVHQWUHFRQMHWXUDVSHURORPiVSUREDEOHHVTXHHO
SRHWDTXLHUDGHFLUTXHHOFRPSRVLWRUSXVRHQP~VLFDRWURWHVWLPRQLRSRpWLFR4XH
VHDHOGHO&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERDXRWURGHPRPHQWR
DFLHQFLDFLHUWDQRORVDEHPRVSHURQRVYHPRVHQODREOLJDFLyQGHGHFLUTXHFRQ
PXFKDSRVLELOLGDG)LOLSHGHOD0DGUHGH'LRVVHDHOFRPSRVLWRUGHOURPDQFHOtULFR
TXHQRVRFXSD<WDODWUHYLPLHQWRHVWiHQSDUWHIXQGDGRHQXQUHFLHQWHWUDEDMRHQ
HO TXH QRV KHPRV RFXSDPRV GH WRGRV ORV SRHPDV GH 0HOR GH ORV TXH pO PLVPR
GHMyFRQVWDQFLDTXHIXHURQPXVLFDGRV$WRGRHOORKHPRVGHDxDGLUTXHQRVHUtD
WDPSRFRQDGDLQRSRUWXQRFRQVLGHUDUD0HORFRPRHOSRHWDTXHMXQWRDOP~VLFR
FUHDHOURPDQFHOtULFR3HURRFXSpPRQRVGHORVWHVWLPRQLRVTXHWHQHPRV
(OURPDQFHOtULFRFRQVHUYDFXDWURFXDUWHWDV\HOHVWULELOORGHOURPDQFHPHORGLQR
HOUHVWRTXHVHKDVXSULPLGRHVGHELGRSUHFLVDPHQWHDOPDUFDGRFDUiFWHUQDUUDWLYR
TXH SUHVHQWDQ 'H HVWD IRUPD HO URPDQFH OtULFR KD JDQDGR HQ PD\RU LQWHQVLGDG
SRU HVWD FRQWHQFLyQ SXHVWR TXH TXHGDQ GRV FXDUWHWDV QDUUDWLYDV ³VLQ FRQWDU OD
WHUFHUD³MXQWRDODVGRVTXHSURQXQFLDHOFDXWLYR/DWHUFHUDFXDUWHWDHVWRGRXQ
DODUGHGHLQJHQLRHQODFRQFLVLyQHQODFDSDFLGDGGHGHFLUHQXQDVRODFXDUWHWDOR
TXH0HORGLFHHQGRV(VFLHUWRTXHHVWHWLSRGHWUD]DSRUFRQFLVLyQHVGHODVPiV
UHFXUULGDVHQHODUWHGHOURPDQFHUROtULFR\GHODVTXHPD\RULQJHQLRUHTXLHUHSRU
SDUWHGHOSRHWD\GHOFRPSRVLWRUSRUTXHQLQJXQDDOXVLyQPLWROyJLFDQLQJXQDUHIH
UHQFLDOLWHUDULDRKLVWyULFDQLQJ~QHOHPHQWRTXHQHFHVLWHGHVXGHFRGLÀFDFLyQHV
GHFLUQLQJXQDDJXGH]DGHSHUVSLFDFLDRGHDUWLÀFLRTXHVRVWXYLHUDHOKLSRWH[WRSRGtD
TXHGDUVLOHQFLDGDXRPLWLGDHQHOURPDQFHOtULFR(QHVWDWHUFHUDFXDUWHWDMXQWRD
XQDIXQGDPHQWDOUHIHUHQFLDFRQWH[WXDO³©'HQLDªY³VHUHFRJHFRPRQR
)0GH>0HOR@/DDYHQDGH7HUVtFRUHHQ2EUDVPpWULFDV/HyQGH)UDQFLD+RUDFLR%RHVVDW
\*HRUJH5HPHXVSiJ
/ROD-RVD0DULDQR/DPEHD©3RHPDVSDUDP~VLFDGH)UDQFLVFR0DQXHOGH0HORª%XOOHWLQ
+LVSDQLTXHQžSiJV
$ SURSyVLWR GH HVWH HVWULELOOR GH 0HOR UHPLWLPRV D /ROD -RVD 0DULDQR /DPEHD ©8QD
YDULDQWH XQ UHLQR )UDQFLVFR 0DQXHO GH 0HOR \ HO URPDQFHUR OtULFRª $FWDV GHO 9, &RQJUHVR GH OD
$VRFLDFLyQ ,QWHUQDFLRQDO 6LJOR GH 2UR %XUJRV6DQ 0LOOiQ GH OD &RJROOD GHO DO GH MXOLR GH
HQSUHQVD
'HO URPDQFH GH *yQJRUD ©6HJ~Q YXHOD SRU HO DJXDª *yQJRUD 5RPDQFHV >&DUUHxR@ SiJV
0HORHVFRJHODSHUVHFXFLyQDO©EDMHOPHGURVRªYSRUSDUWHGH©WUHVJDOHUDVEDVWDUGDVªY
\ODUHIHUHQFLDD*pQRYDY<HVMXVWDPHQWHHVWDUHIHUHQFLDODTXHHOSRHWDGHOURPDQFHOtULFR
VLOHQFLD\HQVXOXJDURIUHFHODGH©'HQLDªY(VWHFDPELRVLJQLÀFDSRUSDUWHGHOSRHWDGHOURPDQFH
OtULFRODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHOSURSyVLWRJRQJRULQRGHKRPHQDMHDUDGRQ)UDQFLVFR6DQGRYDO\5RMDVGXTXH
GH/HUPD\YDOLGRGH)HOLSH,,,3DUDODWUDVFHQGHQFLDGHHVWDYDULDQWHDODKRUDGHUHFRQVWUXLUHOPDUFR
FURQROyJLFR GHO &DQFLRQHUR 3RpWLFR0XVLFDO +LVSiQLFR GH /LVERD YLG /ROD -RVD 0DULDQR /DPEHD
©8QDYDULDQWHXQUHLQR)UDQFLVFR0DQXHOGH0HOR\HOURPDQFHUROtULFR«ª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
SRGtDVHUGHRWURPRGRODWDOODGHOSHUHJULQRGHDPRUTXH0HORLQWURGXFHHQVXVYY
\TXHVHUHFUHDHQHOHVWULELOOR\HQOD~OWLPDFXDUWHWD3HUHJULQRTXHUHVXOWD
VHUXQDDOXVLyQH[SOtFLWDD (OSHUHJULQRHQVXSDWULDGH/RSHGH9HJDOLEURTXH
MXQWRDO3HUVLOHV\6HJLVPXQGDGH&HUYDQWHVUHSUHVHQWD
ODSHUHJULQDFLyQDPRURVDTXHGHVHFKDQGRDTXHOH[FOXVLYRFDUiFWHUDVFpWL
FRGHOD6HOYDGH$YHQWXUDVGH&RQWUHUDVIXQGHHOLGHDOLVPRSODWyQLFRGH
ODQRYHODEL]DQWLQD\ODLGHDEtEOLFDGHOSHUHJULQDMHGHODYLGDKXPDQD(O
SHUHJULQRGHDPRUGH/RSH>«@FRQFLEHWDPELpQODSHUHJULQDFLyQFRPR
XQDDYHQWXUDª
$GHPiVHVWDWDOODGHOSHUHJULQRYLHQHDHQULTXHFHUODV6ROHGDGHVGH*yQJRUD
HQFRQFUHWRHOLQLFLRGHOD©6ROHGDGVHJXQGDªTXHHVUHVSHFWRDOSRHPDGH0HOR
ORTXHHOURPDQFHPHORGLQRUHVSHFWRDOURPDQFHOtULFRHOKLSRWH[WR$VtSXHVHO
URPDQFHOtULFRSHVHDVXFRQFLVLyQQRSUHVHQWDQLODPiVPtQLPDÀVXUDUHVSHFWR
D OD SHUIHFWD DUTXLWHFWXUD GHO URPDQFH GHO SRHWD SRUWXJXpV SHUR HQ FDPELR FRQ
VXP~VLFDDEXHQVHJXURFRQVLJXHVXSHUDUHOURPDQFHGH0HORHQDGPLUDFLyQ(O
FRPSRVLWRUGHVWDFDHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVSDODEUDV©VROª\©FXPEUHVªYDVDELHQ
GDVTXHHOPLVPRpQIDVLVUHTXLHUHQODV©HVSXPDVªYODV©DODVª\HO©YXHORª
YODV©RQGDVªY\ODV©OXQDVªY/DGLVRQDQFLDODUHVHUYDSDUDORV
©HVFROORVªY³FRPSiV³HO©EDMHOPHGURVRªYORV©VXVSLURVDPRURVRVª
YORV©VROOR]RVªY\HO©VROTXHDGRUDªYHOFDXWLYRSHUHJULQR\TXH
QRWLHQH/D©SD]ª\OD©JXHUUDªYY\SRUVXSDUWHHQWUDQHQSXJQDPXVLFDO
PHGLDQWHHOFDPELRTXHVXIUHORTXHYHQtDVLHQGRXQDSODFHQWHUDP~VLFDWUDQTXLOD
\EUHYH7UDQTXLOLGDG\EUHYHGDGURWDTXHHQHOFDVRGHODFXDUWHWDLQWHQVLÀFD
$QWRQLR 9LODQRYD ©(O SHUHJULQR DQGDQWH HQ HO ¶3HUVLOHV· GH &HUYDQWHVª %ROHWtQ GH OD 5HDO
$FDGHPLDGH%XHQDV/HWUDVGH%DUFHORQD;;,,SiJ
©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVªHVXQDSUXHEDGHÀQLWLYDGHTXHGHEHPRVH[WHQGHUODLQÁXHQFLD
GHO SRHWD FRUGREpV PiV DOOi GH ORV SRHPDV H[WHQVRV GH 0HOR (O ©FHJDGRU EULOOR GH ODV 6ROHGDGHV GH
*yQJRUDª-RDQ(VWUXFK7REHOOD©7UDVODVKXHOODVGHODVVROHGDGHVHO©3DQWHRQªGH)0GH0HORªHQ
0DQXHO*DUFtD0DUWtQHG(VWDGRDFWXDOGHORVHVWXGLRVVREUHHO6LJORGH2UR6DODPDQFD(GLFLRQHV
8QLYHUVLGDG6DODPDQFD>VD@SiJQRVyORKD\TXHFLIUDUORFRPRVHKDYHQLGRKDFLHQGRDOPH
ORGLQR3DQWHyQDODLQPRUWDOLGDGGHOQRPEUH,WDGHVLQRWDPELpQ³FyPRQR³DOOtULFRURPDQFH'HVGH
HVWH SULPHU YHUVR UHVXUJH HO KLSRWH[WR GHO URPDQFH GH 0HOR ODV 6ROHGDGHV GH *yQJRUD HQ FRQFUHWR
HOLQLFLRGHOD©6ROHGDGVHJXQGDª$SUHFLHPRVFRQFUHWDPHQWHODKLSHUWH[WXDOLGDGHQHVWHSULPHUYHUVR
UHVSHFWRDOYGHOD©6ROHGDGVHJXQGDª©/RVHVFROORVHOVROUD\DED«ª'LJDPRVDVLPLVPRTXHHV
XQR GH ORV PRPHQWRV ©PiV EHOORV PiV VHQWLGRV \ GHVGH OXHJR PiV HOHYDGRV GHO SRHPDª JRQJRULQR
5REHUW -DPPHV ©(OHPHQWRV EXUOHVFRV HQ ODV 6ROHGDGHV GH *yQJRUDª (GDG GH 2UR ,, SiJ
$VLPLVPRHODSyVWURIHGHOSHUHJULQRDOPDU\DOYLHQWR\VXGRORULGRODPHQWRDPRURVRYY
VRQKLSHUWH[WRGHOFDQWRGHOSHUHJULQRGH*yQJRUDGHORVYYGHOD©6ROHGDGVHJXQGDª3DUDHO
UHVWR GH KLSRWH[WRV JRQJRULQRV TXH ODWHQ EDMR HO URPDQFH PHORGLQR UHPLWLPRV GH QXHYR D /ROD -RVD
0DULDQR/DPEHD©8QDYDULDQWHXQUHLQR)UDQFLVFR0DQXHOGH0HOR\HOURPDQFHUROtULFR«ª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
VXHORFXHQFLDDFDXVDGHHVDSRpWLFDGHOVLOHQFLRTXHHOGHVHVSHUDGRSHUHJULQRVX
SOLFDDODVRQGDVYFRPRVROXFLyQDVX©DVRPEURªYTXHHQHVWHFDVR
HVVLQyQLPRGH©HVSDQWRWHUURU\FRQIXVLyQª$XW
3RU~OWLPRQRVTXHGDQSRUFRPHQWDUGRVWUD]DVPiVODWUD]DSRUWUDQVPXWDFLyQ
\SRUWUDVHQWRQDFLyQ3DUDODSULPHUDKHPRVHVFRJLGR©/RVJDQDGRVGH)LOHQRª
FRQP~VLFDGHOSDGUH0XULOOR(VWHURPDQFHOtULFRDGHPiVGHGHVDUUROODUVXIXHQWH
OLWHUDULDPHGLDQWHODWUD]DSRUDPSOLÀFDFLyQKDFDPELDGRDVLPLVPRODLQWHQFLyQ
GHOKLSRWH[WR(OTXHIXHWHyORJRGH)HOLSH,9'DPLiQ&RUQHMRHVFULELyXQUR
PDQFHGHFXDWURHVWURIDVVLQHVWULELOORHQHOTXHUHFUHDEDORVJDQDGRVGHOEXFyOLFR
)LOHQRFRPRVLGHXQDPDQDGDGHVDTXHDGRUHVFDPSHVWUHVVHWUDWDUD6LQHPEDUJRHO
URPDQFHOtULFRYLQRDHQULTXHFHUORQRVyORHQVXH[WHQVLyQVLQRHQVXVLJQLÀFDFLyQ
\ OR KL]R LQFRUSRUDQGR EDMR OD PiVFDUD EXFyOLFRSDVWRULO GH )LOHQR OD GHO SDVWRU
FX\DIXQFLyQFyPLFREXUOHVFDHVWiDOVHUYLFLRGHODGHVPLWLÀFDFLyQGHODUHDOLGDG
(VGHFLUHVFRJLHQGRDVLPLVPRFRPRKLSRWH[WRODpJORJDKXPDQLVWD©WUDQVSXHVWD
DOPRGRPHGLHYDOHQOHQJXDYXOJDUSRUHODQyQLPRDXWRUGHODV&RSODVGH0LQJR
5HYXOJRª
(OURPDQFHOtULFRPDQWLHQHODVFXDWURFXDUWHWDVGHOURPDQFHGH&RUQHMR³DXQTXH
FRQYDULDQWHV\HORUGHQDEVROXWDPHQWHFDPELDGRH[FHSWRHQODSULPHUDFXDUWHWD³\
RIUHFHFXDWURQXHYDVPiVHOHVWULELOOR3HURHVHOFDVRTXHHQODVH[WDFXDUWHWD³OD
WHUFHUDGH&RUQHMR³ODVYDULDQWHVGHOWHUFHU\FXDUWRYHUVRDEUHQXQDVLJQLÀFDFLyQ
DEVROXWDPHQWH GLVWDQWH GH OD GH &RUQHMR \ TXH VRQ ODV TXH QRV REOLJDQ D YROYHU
OD PLUDGD KDFLD ODV &RSODV GH 0LQJR 5HYXOJR 0LHQWUDV TXH HO GH &RUQHMR HV XQ
URPDQFHEXFyOLFRSDVWRULOHO©YHOOyQªYFRPRYDULDQWHGHO©FULVWDOªY
\HO©GHEHUªYFRPRYDULDQWHGH©EHEHUªYFRQYLHUWHQHOURPDQFHGHO
/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRVHQXQURPDQFHOtULFRVDWtULFRFX\DFUtWLFDVHGLULJHVLQ
OXJDU D GXGDV DO UHLQDGR GH )HOLSH ,,, ³©)LOHQRª³ \ DO FRUR GH FRUWHVDQRV TXH
FRQIRUPDEDQHOJRELHUQRUHJLGRSRUHORVFXUR/HUPD³©ORVJDQDGRVª³(OUHVWR
GHYDULDQWHVGHORVRWURVYHUVRVPDQWHQtDQHOVXEJpQHURURPDQFHULORULJLQDOSHUR
WDQVyORFRQ©YHOOyQª\©GHEHUªGLH]YHUVRVDQWHVGHOFLHUUHGHOURPDQFHWRGDOD
9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOSRHPDQž\HOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
9LG7RQRVDORGLYLQR\DORKXPDQR,QWURGXFFLyQHGLFLyQ\QRWDVGH5LWD*ROGEHUJ/RQGRQ
7DPHVLV%RRNV/LPLWHGSiJV
$OEHUWR%OHFXDHQVX©,QWURGXFFLyQªD/RSHGH9HJD3HULEixH]\)XHQWH2YHMXQD(GLFLyQ
DFDUJRGH$OEHUWR%OHFXD0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDOSiJ
&IU/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«SiJ
©<WRGDPDOH]DWDODQªYWH[WR$©\KDVWDODVUDtFHVWDODQªYWH[WR%©PLUDUªY
WH[WR$©UHSDUDUªYWH[WR%©SDUDQªYWH[WR$©EDxDQªYWH[WR%©DPDQHFHQªY
WH[WR$©GHVSLHUWDQªYWH[WR%©GHODVÁRUHVªYWH[WR$©HQODKLHUEDªYWH[WR
%©URFtRªYWH[WR$©WHVRURªYWH[WR%&RPRSRGUiFRPSUREDUVHGHHVWDVHOHFFLyQGHODV
YDULDQWHVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVHQWUHDPERVWH[WRVQLQJXQDGHHOODVVXSRQHXQFDPELRVXVWDQFLDOHQHOVLJQLÀFDGR
GHOKLSHUWH[WR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
FRQVWUXFFLyQEXFyOLFRSDVWRULOVHYLHQHDEDMR\SDVDDVHUPHUDPDVFDUDGDGHXQD
UHDOLGDGYHUGDGHUDPHQWHGHSULPLGD3RUORTXHHVWDPRVDQWHXQHMHPSORYDOLRVt
VLPR GH OD VXWLO IURQWHUD TXH GLIHUHQFLDORV VXEJpQHURV URPDQFHULOHV(Q FXDQWR D
ODV&RSODVGH0LQJR5HYXOJRpVWDVDSRUWDURQDODOLWHUDWXUDHVSDxRODGRVJpQHURV
GLIHUHQWHV
HOGLiORJRU~VWLFRTXHWDQWDLQÁXHQFLDWXYRHQHOWHDWURGHOGLHFLVpLV\OD
FUyQLFDDOHJyULFDTXHÀMDXQPRPHQWRHQODKLVWRULDGH(VSDxDFRQXQ
UH\GpELOXQRVQREOHVDGYHQHGL]RV\XQSXHEORVRPHWLGR³WRGRVRFXOWRV
WUDVHODQRQLPDWRGHODDOHJRUtD³
$SHVDUGHQRVHU(QULTXH,9HOPRQDUFDGHOURPDQFH)HOLSH,,,\VXFRUWHGLH
URQSLHDRWUDViWLUDSROtWLFDHQODTXHODDOXVLyQDORV©JDQDGRVª\OD©VROGDGDª
ODUHODFLRQDQDDTXpOODRWUDGHOVLJOR;9TXHVLQHPEDUJRVHPDQWHQtD©DUD\D\
RVFXUHFLGDSRUODDOHJRUtDª4XpGXGDFDEHTXHXQDFRUWHFRPRODGH)HOLSH,9\
2OLYDUHVTXHIXHLQVWDXUDGDFRQWUDLPDJHQ\VHPHMDQ]DGHODGH)HOLSH,,,\/HU
PDQRUHTXHUtDGHODRVFXULGDGDOHJyULFDVLQRPiVELHQGHXQDViWLUDHQJDODQDGD
DUWLÀFLRVD SRU HQULTXHFLGD FRQ EHOODV LPiJHQHV ³\D QR U~VWLFR SDVWRULOHV VLQR
GLJQDVGHXQSDLVDMHEXFyOLFR³\FRQXQDP~VLFDTXHUHSLWLHUDORVGRVSULPHURV
YHUVRVGHODFXDUWHWDSDUDTXHDQDGLHOHSDVDUDSRUDOWR©)LOHQRª\VXV©JDQDGRVª
FRPSDVHV\TXHHQHOHVWULELOORFUHDUDLPSRUWDQWHVGLVRQDQFLDVHQODSDODEUD
©FRUGHURVª\©SHQVLOHVªFRPSDVHV\$EXHQHQWHQGHGRUHVWHMXHJR
SRpWLFRPXVLFDOEDVWDED
/DWUD]DSRUWUDVHQWRQDFLyQODKHPRVGHMDGRSDUDHOÀQDOSRUTXHFRPRSRGHPRV
FRQFOXLUDHVWDVDOWXUDVGHOWUDEDMR¢TXpURPDQFHOtULFRQRSUHVHQWDXQDYDULDFLyQ
VHDSDUFLDORWRWDOGHODHQWRQDFLyQSRpWLFDGHOKLSRWH[WR"(QHOURPDQFHOtULFRTXH
%DVWH OHHU HO LQWHUHVDQWH 7UDWDGR \ GLVFXUVR VREUH OD PRQHGD GH YHOOyQ TXH DO SUHVHQWH VH
ODEUDHQ&DVWLOOD\GHDOJXQRGHVyUGHQHV\DEXVRVGHOSDGUH-XDQGH0DULDQDFX\DHVFULWXUDOHYDOLy
HOGHVWLHUURLQWHOHFWXDO\ODSHUVHFXFLyQSRUSDUWHGH)HOLSH,,,\SRUFRQVHMRGH/HUPD\VXVKRPEUHV
0DULDQD FLHUUD VX WUDWDGR GH OD PDQHUD TXH VLJXH ©6L DOJXQR VH GHVDEULHUH GH OR TXH DTXt VH GLFH
DGYLHUWDTXHQRVRQSHRUHVODVPHGLFLQDVTXHWLHQHQGHOSLFDQWH\GHODPDUJR\TXHHQQHJRFLRTXHD
WRGRVWRFDWRGRVWLHQHQOLFHQFLDGHKDEODU\DYLVDUGHVXSDUHFHTXLHUTXHVHDHUUDGRTXLHUDFHUWDGR<R
VXSOLFRDQXHVWUR6HxRUDEUDORVRMRVDORVTXHSRQHQODVPDQRVHQHOJRELHUQRGHHVWRVUHLQRV\ORVGp
VXVDQWDJUDFLDSDUDTXHVLQSDVLyQVHGHMHQFRQYHQFHUGHODUD]yQ\YLVWRORTXHFRQYLHQHVHDWUHYDQ
DHMHFXWDUOR\DFRQVHMDUORª2EUDVGHO3DGUH-XDQGH0DULDQD0DGULG05LYDGHQH\UDYRO,,
SiJ0DULDQDIXHUHVWLWXLGRFRPRFRQVHMHURSRUHOUH\)HOLSH,9SHURSRUGHFLVLyQFyPRQRGHO
FRQGHGXTXHGH2OLYDUHV(VWHQXHYRJRELHUQRÀQDQFLyDVLPLVPRODREUDGHOMHVXLWD
/DV&RSODVGH0LQJR5HYXOJR(GLFLyQHVWXGLRSUHOLPLQDU\QRWDVGH9LYLDQD%URGH\0DGLGVRQ
7KH+LVSDQLF6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHVHVWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUSiJ
,ELGSiJV\
,ELGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
KHPRVHVFRJLGRVHDSUHFLDGHPDQHUDPX\FODUD©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRªFRQ
P~VLFDGHFRPSRVLWRUDQyQLPRHVKLSHUWH[WRGHRWURURPDQFHGH0HOR/DSULPHUD
FXDUWHWD GHO URPDQFH OtULFR UHVSHFWR D OD FXDUWHWD PHORGLQD SUHVHQWD HQ ORV GRV
~OWLPRVYHUVRVYDULDQWHVIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHH[SUHVLYDVWRGDODFXDUWHWDFRPRHQHO
KLSRWH[WRUHVDOWDSRUVXFURPDWLVPRSHURFRQYLHUWHHOYHQXQDIUDVHH[FODPDWLYD
HQODTXH©VDQJULHQWRªFREUDXQUHOLHYHHVSHFLDOHQIDWL]DQGRHOYHUVRWRGDYtDPiV
/DH[SOLFDFLyQODGDRWUDWUD]DODWUD]DSRUFRQFLVLyQTXHMXQWRDODTXHQRVRFXSD
HVODTXHSHUPLWHODHODERUDFLyQGHHVWHURPDQFHOtULFR3RGHPRVREVHUYDUTXHOD
~OWLPDFXDUWHWDGHOURPDQFHGH0HORWHUPLQDFRQXQDLQYLWDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHO\R
SRpWLFRDTXHODÀHUDGDPDVHYDOJDGHVX©VDQJUHªYVLQRVDOHQDGLHPiV
YDOLHQWHTXHpO(VWDFXDUWHWDQRIRUPDSDUWHGHOURPDQFHOtULFRSHURHQFDPELRVH
DOXGHDHOODPHGLDQWHHVWHYTXHIUHQWHDO©URMRªPHORGLQRFRQÀHUDPD\RUYLYH]D
HQODYLROHQWD\ÀHUDGHVFULSFLyQGHODGDPD$GHPiVGHQWURGHODSHUIHFWDOyJLFD
FRQVWUXFWLYDGHWRGRURPDQFHOtULFR©VDQJULHQWRªREOLJDDTXHKD\DQODVYDULDQWHV
TXHSUHVHQWDHOYSDUDPDQWHQHUODFRUUHODFLyQFUHDGDSRU0HOR
6LJXLHQGR FRQ OD YDULDFLyQ GHO YDORU FRQQRWDWLYR GH OD HQWRQDFLyQ SRpWLFD GHO
KLSRWH[WRHQODVHJXQGDFXDUWHWDGHOURPDQFHOtULFRDSDUHFHXQDLQWHUURJDFLyQUHWyULFD
TXHHQIDWL]DPXFKtVLPRPiVODH[FODPDFLyQVLJXLHQWHWDQVHPHMDQWHDODGH0HOR
$VLPLVPR OD ~OWLPD FXDUWHWD PHORGLQD VH H[FOX\H HQ HO URPDQFH OtULFR SRUTXH HO
~OWLPR YHUVR VH LQLFLDFRQ SHUtRGR FRQGLFLRQDOD GLIHUHQFLDGH ORV FXDUWRV YHUVRV
GHODVRWUDVFXDUWHWDVTXHIXQFLRQDQDPRGRGHSHTXHxDVVHQWHQFLDVH[FODPDWLYDV
SRUFyPRODP~VLFDORVHQIDWL]DPHGLDQWHODUHSHWLFLyQVHJXQGRSHQWDJUDPD(VWD
OyJLFD H[SUHVLYD GH OD P~VLFD HV OD TXH H[FOX\H OD ~OWLPD FXDUWHWD PHORGLQD /R
TXHFRQOOHYDDGHPiVRWUDFRQVHFXHQFLDDOVXSULPLUDXQTXHSRUFRQFLVLyQFRPR
GLMLPRVOD~OWLPDFXDUWHWDGH0HORVHHOLPLQDEDDVXYH]HOSURWDJRQLVPRGHO\R
SRpWLFRORTXHREOLJyDRPLWLUODDPRQHVWDFLyQDODGDPDGHODFRSODGHOHVWULELOOR
PHORGLQR(MHPSORXQDYH]PiVGHTXpIRUPDODP~VLFDLPSRQtDWRGDXQDOyJLFD
SRpWLFDDOURPDQFHUROtULFRHVSDxROGHOVLJOR;9,,
,,,
3DUD ORV PXVLFyORJRV HVWDV FRPSRVLFLRQHV QRV UHYHODQ XQD FXHVWLyQ GH FRP
SUHQVLyQ \ RWUD GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ 'H OD PLVPD PDQHUD TXH HO P~VLFR QHFHVLWDED
FRPSUHQGHU D IRQGR HO VHQWLGR GHO SRHPD SDUD SURFHGHU D VX FRUUHFWD \ DUWtVWLFD
PXVLFDOL]DFLyQGHODPLVPDPDQHUDWDPELpQHOPXVLFyORJRSUHFLVDFRPSUHQGHUH
LQWHUSUHWDUODWUD]DHPSOHDGDSRUHOP~VLFRSDUDSURIXQGL]DUHQHODPSOLR\VXJHVWL
YRFDPSRGHSRVLELOLGDGHVGHFRQRFLPLHQWRTXHOHRIUHFHODUHODFLyQP~VLFDWH[WR
OD FXDO VH PDQLÀHVWD FRQ FODULGDG HQ OD LQWHUGHSHQGHQFLD \ PXWXD LQÁXHQFLD TXH
1žGHO&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERD3DUDVXIROLDFLyQUHPLWLPRVDOD
QRWD9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOSRHPDQž\HOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
PXHVWUDQDPEDVDUWHV\HQHOJUDGRGHÁH[LELOLGDGTXHUHYHODQDODFRPRGDUVHUH
FtSURFDPHQWHDVXLQWHQFLRQDOLGDGDUWtVWLFD\HVWpWLFD(VLQGXGDEOHTXHXQHVWXGLR
DQDOtWLFRGHWDOODGRGHGLFKDUHODFLyQRIUHFHDSRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUHVDQWHVHQGRVYHUWLHQWHV
GLIHUHQWHVSHURFRPSOHPHQWDULDVHQWUHVtODYHUWLHQWHSXUDPHQWHWHyULFDKLVWyULFD\
FLHQWtÀFD\ODYHUWLHQWHPiVSUDJPiWLFDGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQPXVLFROyJLFDHVGHFLU
ODTXHFRQWHPSODODSUD[LVGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPXVLFDO
/RVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVHQODYHUWLHQWHWHyULFDKDUiQSRVLEOHTXHGLVSRQJDPRV
GHXQDVHULHGHHOHPHQWRVHVWLOtVWLFRVTXHQRVSHUPLWDQHQXQPRPHQWRGHWHUPLQDGR
GHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQDWULEXLUDVXDXWRUDOJXQDFRPSRVLFLyQGHODVWDQWDV\WDQWDVTXH
DSDUHFHQDQyQLPDVHQHVWHUHSHUWRULRDVtFRPRLQWHQWDUODFURQRORJtDDSUR[LPDGD
GHDOJXQDGHHOODVRÀMDUVXJUDGRGHDUFDtVPRRPRGHUQLGDG\WDPELpQWUDQVFUL
ELUFRUUHFWDPHQWHORVIUDJPHQWRVGXGRVRVTXHSXHGDKDEHUHQDOJXQRVPDQXVFULWRV
TXHVHKDQFRQVHUYDGRHQPDOHVWDGRRLQFOXVRDERUGDUODFRPSRVLFLyQGHODYR]
LQWHUPHGLDTXHIDOWDHQHO&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERD
(QFXDQWRDODXWLOLGDGGHODYHUWLHQWHSUiFWLFDQXHVWURLQWHUpVSULPRUGLDOHVIDFLOLWDU
DORVLQWpUSUHWHVDFWXDOHVGHP~VLFDDQWLJXDXQDVFRPSRVLFLRQHVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVHQ
ODVPHMRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVSRVLEOHVSDUDVXUHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQSXHVVRPRVFRQVFLHQWHV
GHTXHHOORVVHDFHUFDQFDGDYH]FRQPiVVHULHGDG\DWHQFLyQDORVHVWXGLRVPXVLFR
OyJLFRVSDUDKDOODUODVFODYHVGHXQDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPXVLFDOÀHO\ULJXURVD
2WURGHORVREMHWLYRVGHHVWHWUDEDMRFRQVLVWHHQSUHVHQWDUXQHVTXHPDDQDOtWLFR
ORPiVFRPSOHWR\GHWDOODGRSRVLEOHDSOLFDEOHDHVWDVREUDV3DUDHOORSDUWLPRVGHVGH
GRVSODQRVHQSULPHUOXJDUGHVGHODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVFRQFHSWXDOHV\IRUPDOHVORV
PDWLFHV\ORVUHFXUVRVH[SUHVLYRVTXHODÀORORJtDKD\DREVHUYDGR\GHWHUPLQDGRVREUH
HOKLSHUWH[WRHOFXDOFRPRVDEHPRVHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHODWUD]DTXHHOP~VLFRMXQWR
DXQSRHWDDSOLFDVREUHHOKLSRWH[WR<HQVHJXQGROXJDUGHVGHODPHWRGRORJtDTXH
QRVRIUHFHODSURSLDPXVLFRORJtDWDQWRHQHOiPELWRSXUDPHQWHWpFQLFRFRPRHQHO
GHOHVWXGLRLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULRGHODUHODFLyQHQWUHP~VLFD\WH[WRSRpWLFR
$ORVWUDEDMRVGHWUDQVFULSFLyQHVWXGLR\HGLFLyQGHFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRV\
GHWRQRVKXPDQRV\WLSRORJtDVDÀQHVHQJHQHUDOUHDOL]DGRVSRUPXVLFyORJRVFRPR
'DQLqOH %HFNHU 5DPyQ 3HOLQVNL \ 0LJXHO 4XHURO SRU FLWDU VyOR ORV PiV UH
'DQLqOH%HFNHU/DVREUDVKXPDQDVGH&DUORV3DWLxR&XHQFD,QVWLWXWRGH0~VLFD5HOLJLRVD
5DPyQ$3HOLQVNL'LHZHOWOLFKH9RNDOPXVLN6SDQLHQVDP$QIDQJGHV-DKUKXQGHUWV'HU
&DQFLRQHUR&ODXGLRGHOD6DEORQDUD7XW]LQJ+DQV6FKQHLGHU
9LGODVVLJXLHQWHVHGLFLRQHVGH0LJXHO4XHURO5RPDQFHV\OHWUDVDWUHVYR]HV6LJOR;9,,
YRO , %DUFHORQD &RQVHMR 6XSHULRU GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV &LHQWtÀFDV 0~VLFD EDUURFD HVSDxROD
3ROLIRQtD SURIDQD &DQFLRQHURV HVSDxROHV GHO VLJOR ;9,, YRO , %DUFHORQD &RQVHMR 6XSHULRU GH ,Q
YHVWLJDFLRQHV &LHQWtÀFDV &DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH *yQJRUD« &DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH /RSH GH
9HJDYROV%DUFHORQD&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV\0DQXHO
0DFKDGR5RPDQFHVH&DQo}HVDHDYR]HVPLVWDV/LVERD)XQGDomR&DORXVWH*XOEHQNLDQ
7RQRVKXPDQRVGHOVLJOR;9,,0DGULG(GLWRULDO$OSXHUWR0DGULJDOHVHVSDxROHVLQpGLWRVGHOVLJOR
;9,&DQFLRQHURGHOD&DVDQDWHQVH%DUFHORQD&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV
&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH7XUtQ0DGULG6RFLHGDG(VSDxRODGH0XVLFRORJtD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
SUHVHQWDWLYRV VH KDQ DxDGLGR HQ ODV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV RWURV LPSRUWDQWHV WUDEDMRV
GHWHQGHQFLD\PHWRGRORJtDGLYHUVLÀFDGDTXHKDQDERUGDGRHOHVWXGLRGHORVWRQRV
KXPDQRVGHVGHGLVWLQWDVSHUVSHFWLYDV1RVUHIHULPRVHQWUHRWURVDORVWUDEDMRVGH
6XVDQD$QWyQ&DUPHOR&DEDOOHUR-RVp&OLPHQW0LOD(VSLGR)UHLUH-XGLWK
(W]LRQ 0DUJLW )UHQN \ *HUDUGR$UULDJD TXH WUDEDMDQ FRQMXQWDPHQWH -RVp
9LFHQWH *RQ]iOH] 9DOOH /ROD -RVD \ 0DULDQR /DPEHD TXH WDPELpQ WUDEDMDQ
FRQMXQWD H LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULDPHQWH 5XEpQ /ySH] &DQR /XLV 5REOHGR /RXLVH
6XVDQD$QWyQ 3ULDVFR 0~VLFD \ GDQ]D HQ HO WHDWUR EUHYH HVSDxRO UHSUHVHQWDGR HQ OD FRUWH
$QiOLVLVGHVXIXQFLyQHQHQWUHPHVHVEDLOHVGUDPiWLFRV\PRMLJDQJDVFRQVHUYDGRVHQOD
%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULG8QLYHUVLGDGGH2YLHGRWHVLVGRFWRUDOLQpGLWD
$UGHGFRUD]yQDUGHG7RQRVKXPDQRVGHO%DUURFRHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD(GLFLyQGH&DUPHOR
&DEDOOHUR)HUQiQGH]5XIHWH9DOODGROLG/DV(GDGHVGHO+RPEUH
(O&DQoRQHU0XVLFDOG·2QWLQ\HQW(GLFLyQGH-RVHS&OLPHQW2QWLQ\HQW$MXQWDPHQWG·2QWLQ\HQW
0LOD(VSLGR)UHLUH©/RVODPHQWRVKLVSiQLFRVFRPRWySLFRVVHPiQWLFRVHQFRPHGLDVSDODFLH
JDVGHO;9,,ªHQ&DPSRVLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHVGHODPXVLFRORJtD>$FWDVGHO@9&RQJUHVRGHOD6RFLHGDG
(VSDxROD GH 0XVLFRORJtD %DUFHORQD GH RFWXEUH GH (GLFLyQ GH %HJRxD /ROR 0DGULG
6RFLHGDG(VSDxRODGH0XVLFRORJtDYRO,,SiJV
(O&DQFLRQHURGHOD6DEORQDUD(GLFLyQGH-XGLWK(W]LRQ/RQGRQ7DPHVLV%RRNV
0DUJLW)UHQN\*HUDUGR$UULDJD©5RPDQFHV\OHWULOODVHQHO&DQFLRQHUR7RQRV&DVWHOODQRV%
ªHQ0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD$FWDVGHO&RQJUHVR,QWHUQD
FLRQDO9DOODGROLG\GHIHEUHURGH(GLFLyQGH0DUtD$QWRQLD9LUJLOL%ODQTXHW*HUPiQ
9HJD *DUFtD/XHQJRV \ &DUPHOR &DEDOOHUR )HUQiQGH]5XIHWH 9DOODGROLG 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 9DOODGROLG
SiJV
9LGORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDEDMRVGH-RVp9LFHQWH*RQ]iOH]9DOOH©0~VLFD\UHWyULFDXQDQXHYDWUD
\HFWRULDGHOD©$UVPXVLFDª\OD©0XVLFDSUDFWLFDªDFRPLHQ]RVGHO%DUURFRª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFRORJtD
;SiJV©5HODFLyQP~VLFD\OHQJXDMHHQORVWHyULFRVHVSDxROHVGHP~VLFDGHORVVLJORV
;9, \ ;9,,ª $QXDULR 0XVLFDO SiJV ©5HODFLyQ P~VLFDWH[WR HQ OD FRPSRVLFLyQ
PXVLFDOHQFDVWHOODQRGHOV;9,,1XHYDHVWUXFWXUDUtWPLFDGHODP~VLFDHVSDxRODª$QXDULR0XVLFDO
SiJV©5HODFLyQHQWUHHOYHUVRFDVWHOODQR\ODWpFQLFDGHFRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDOHQ
ORVYLOODQFLFRVGH)U0DQXHO&RUUHDV;9,,ª$QXDULR0XVLFDOSiJV
9LGORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDEDMRVGH/ROD-RVD\0DULDQR/DPEHD/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURV
SROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«©0~VLFD\SRHVtDHQHO/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV1HFHVLGDG
GHODPHWRGRORJtDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULDSDUDVXHGLFLyQªHQ&DPSRVLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHVGHODPXVLFRORJtD«
YRO,,SiJV©3RHPDVSDUDP~VLFDGH)UDQFLVFR0DQXHOGH0HOR«ª\©(OMXHJRHQWUHDUWH
SRpWLFR\DUWHPXVLFDOǻ
9LGORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDEDMRVGH5XEpQ/ySH]&DQR0~VLFD\5HWyULFDHQHO%DUURFR0p[LFR
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFR©/RVWRQRVKXPDQRVFRPRVHPLyWLFDVVLQFUpWLFDVª
HQ&DPSRVLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHVGHODPXVLFRORJtD«YRO,,SiJV
9LGORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDEDMRVGH/XLV5REOHGR©0~VLFDGHFiPDUD\P~VLFDWHDWUDOHQHOSULPHU
WHUFLRGHOVLJOR;9,,$SURSyVLWRGH-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWURª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFRORJtD;SiJV
-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWUR«
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
.6WHLQ\$OHMDQGUR9HUD7RGDVHVWDVDSRUWDFLRQHVFRQWULEX\HQSRVLWLYDPHQWHDO
FRQRFLPLHQWRGHOFRPSOHMRHQWUDPDGRDUWtVWLFR\HVWpWLFRTXHVHGDHQHVWHWLSRGH
REUDV\TXHQRHVRWURTXHHOGHODSHUIHFWDFRODERUDFLyQHQWUHP~VLFD\OLWHUDWXUD
HQWHQGLGDFRQDPSOLWXGGHPLUDV$VtWHQHPRVTXHHQDOJXQDVGHHVWDVDSRUWDFLRQHV
VHKDQHVWXGLDGRDVSHFWRVIRUPDOHV\FRQFHSWXDOHVGHHVWDFRODERUDFLyQRWUDVHQ
FDPELRDVSHFWRVGRFXPHQWDOHVHKLVWyULFRV\RWUDVHQÀQDVSHFWRVWHyULFRVUtW
PLFRVUHWyULFRV\VHPLyWLFRV6HDFRPRIXHUHORFLHUWRHVTXHSDUDGHVDUUROODUXQ
SURFHVR DQDOtWLFR FRQYLQFHQWH \ VDWLVIDFWRULR VREUH ORV WRQRV KXPDQRV VH QHFHVLWD
HOFRQFXUVRGHWRGDVHOODV\DGHPiVODSHUVSHFWLYDTXHRWRUJDODPHWRGRORJtDGH
FDUiFWHULQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULR
8QSURFHVRDQDOtWLFRLQWHJUDOVREUHODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVTXHQRVRFXSDQD~QHVWi
SRUKDFHU'HVXQHFHVLGDGLPSRUWDQFLD\FRPSOHMLGDGGDQIHODVVLJXLHQWHVSDODEUDV
GH0DUJLW)UHQN\*HUDUGR$UULDJD©6yORXQHVWXGLRJOREDOQRVDFODUDUiXQDVHULH
GHGXGDV\FXHVWLRQHVTXHSRUDKRUDWHQGUiQTXHTXHGDUVLQVROXFLyQª\GH-XGLWK
(W]LRQ ©/D H[SRVLFLyQ FRPSOHWD GH OD YDULHGDG HVWLOtVWLFD HQ ORV URPDQFHV FRQ
HVWULELOORHVWiPiVDOOiGHORVOtPLWHVGHHVWHWUDEDMR>VHUHÀHUHDVXHGLFLyQFUtWLFD
GHO&DQFLRQHURGHOD6DEORQDUD@ª
3RUQXHVWUDSDUWHSDUDOOHYDUDFDERHVWHSURFHVRDQDOtWLFRKHPRVUHDOL]DGRXQ
HVTXHPDIRUPDGRSRUGLYHUVRVDSDUWDGRVTXHFRQWLHQHQORVHOHPHQWRVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHV
SDUDORTXHQRVRWURVFRQVLGHUDPRVXQDQiOLVLVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOVDWLVIDFWRULR1XHVWUD
LQWHQFLyQHVDSOLFDUHVWHSURFHVRDOPD\RUQ~PHURSRVLEOHGHURPDQFHVOtULFRV\
SRVWHULRUPHQWHDORVWRQRVKXPDQRV\HVSHUDPRVKDOODUDOJXQRVGHHOORVTXHSRU
VXWUDQVSDUHQFLDHVWUXFWXUDORVXGLVSRVLFLyQIRUPDOFRKHUHQWHSXHGDQHULJLUVHHQ
SDUDGLJPDVSDUDDTXHOORVRWURVTXHLJXDOPHQWHSRVHDQHVDVFXDOLGDGHVSHURHQPHQRU
PHGLGDRGHXQDPDQHUDVRODSDGDRUHVLVWHQWHDODREVHUYDFLyQ,QWHQWDUHPRVREWHQHU
FDWHJRUtDVRSDUiPHWURVHVWLOtVWLFRVTXHUHVXHOYDQFXHVWLRQHVGHDSUHFLDFLyQDQDOtWLFD
HQRWUDVREUDVHLQFOXVRTXHSXHGDQD\XGDUQRVHQODDWULEXFLyQGHDQyQLPRV
(OHVTXHPDTXHSURSRQHPRVHVHOVLJXLHQWHDSOLFDGR~QLFDPHQWHDORVURPDQFHV
FRQHVWULELOOR
9LG ORV VLJXLHQWHV WUDEDMRV GH /RXLVH . 6WHLQ 3HGUR &DOGHUyQ GH OD %DUFD /D HVWDWXD GH
3URPHWHR(GLFLyQGH0DUJDUHW5LFK*UHHUFRQXQHVWXGLRGHODP~VLFDSRU/RXLVH.6WHLQ.DVVHO
(GLWLRQ 5HLFKHQEHUJHU 6RQJV RI 0RUWDOV 'LDORJXHV RI WKH *RGV 0XVLF DQG 7KHDWUH LQ 6HYHQ
WHHQWK&HQWXU\6SDLQ2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV©/RVP~VLFRVGHOD&DSLOOD5HDO\ODP~VLFDGH
ORVIHVWHMRVSDODFLHJRVªHQ/D&DSLOOD5HDOGHORV$XVWULDV0~VLFD\ULWXDOGHFRUWHHQOD
(XURSDPRGHUQD(GLFLyQGH-XDQ-RVp&DUUHUDV\%HUQDUGR-*DUFtD*DUFtD0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ&DUORV
$PEHUHVSiJV
$OHMDQGUR9HUD$JXLOHUD(O/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRVGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULG
(VWXGLRGHOPDQXVFULWR8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULGWHVLVGRFWRUDOLQpGLWD
0DUJLW)UHQN\*HUDUGR$UULDJDRSFLWSiJ
(O&DQFLRQHURGHOD6DEORQDUD«SiJOYL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
7Ì78/2
&20326,725
32(7$
+LSRWH[WR
+LSHUWH[WR
(VWUXFWXUDIRUPDOSRpWLFRPXVLFDO
$Ã(VWURIDGHOURPDQFH
%Ã(VWULELOOR
3RHVtD
0~VLFD
$
$
%
%
([WHQVLyQ GH ODV VHFFLRQHV \ GH ORV YHUVRV HQ FRPSDVHV HVSHFLÀFDU VL VRQ
ELQDULRVRWHUQDULRV
(VWLORPXVLFDOGHFDGDYHUVRJUXSRVGHYHUVRVRVHFFLyQFRPSOHWD
1~PHURGHYRFHV
0HORGtD
ÉPELWRVPHOyGLFRVGHODVYRFHV
0RYLPLHQWRRQGXODWRULR
0RYLPLHQWRTXHEUDGR
,QWHUYiOLFDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD
&URPDWLVPRV
(FRV
6HFXHQFLDVPHOyGLFDV
&RPSRVWXUD
+RPRIRQtD
,PLWDFLyQEUHYHHQXQRRGRVFRPSDVHV
,PLWDFLyQH[WHQVDHQPiVGHGRVFRPSDVHV
,PLWDFLyQFRQGRVWHPDVR©SDVRVª
,PLWDFLyQ\SROLIRQtD
3DVDMHVDVROR
3DVDMHVDG~R
3DVDMHVHQGLiORJR
1RWDSHGDOWUHVRPiVFRPSDVHVFRQRVLQDUWLFXODFLyQ
3DWURQHVDUPyQLFRV
6HFXHQFLDVDUPyQLFDV
&RPSiV
%LQDULR
7HUQDULR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
$QiOLVLVP~VLFDWH[WR
7UD]DVSRU
$PSOLÀFDFLyQ
'LVPLQXFLyQ
&RQFLVLyQ
7UDQVIRUPDFLyQ
7UDQVPXWDFLyQ
7UDVHQWRQDFLyQ
'LVRQDQFLDV
0HOyGLFDV
$UPyQLFDVHQYDORULJXDORVXSHULRUDODVHPLEUHYH
)LJXUDVUHWyULFROLWHUDULDV
)LJXUDVUHWyULFRPXVLFDOHV
'HVFULSWLYLVPRPXVLFDOPDGULJDOLVPRVZRUGSDLQWLQJ\H\HPXVLF
6RQLGRV
/XJDUHV
0RYLPLHQWRV
1~PHURV
7HRUtDPXVLFDODSOLFDGD
$EVWUDFFLyQPXVLFDO
(VWDGRVGHiQLPR
6HQWLPLHQWRV
$IHFWRV
Anterior
&DPELRVGHFRPSiV
5LWPR
3DWURQHVUtWPLFRV
'DQ]DV
%DLOHV
3DUODQGR
3LHVPpWULFRVDSOLFDEOHDYHUVRVGHDFHQWXDFLyQXQLIRUPH
&DPELRVGHPRYLPLHQWR
0RGDOLGDG
7RQR
1RWDÀQDO
1RWDGRPLQDQWH
&OiXVXODV
0RGXODFLRQHV
&ODYHVDOWDV&KLDYLWUDVSRUWDWHR&KLDYHWWH
&ODYHVEDMDV&KLDYLQDWXUDOL
7UDQVSRUWH
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
/DPHQWRV
2WURV
,9
$QWHVGHDSOLFDUHVWHHVTXHPDDQDOtWLFRDDOJ~QURPDQFHOtULFRHQFRQFUHWRTXH
KD\DVLGRLQFOXLGR\DHQVXWUD]DFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHFRQYLHQHKDFHUFLHUWDVREVHUYD
FLRQHVHQUHODFLyQDDOJXQRVGHVXVDSDUWDGRVRSXQWRV3RUHMHPSORHQHODSDUWDGR
(VWUXFWXUD«HQODSRHVtDKD\TXHHVSHFLÀFDUODYHUVLÀFDFLyQ\ODULPD\HQOD
P~VLFDODVIUDVHVPXVLFDOHVSDUDFDGDYHUVR\ODVUHSHWLFLRQHVGHSDODEUDVRGH
YHUVRVFXDQGRODVKD\D
&RQVLGHUDPRV~WLOHODSDUWDGR([WHQVLyQGHODVVHFFLRQHV«SXHVWRTXHQRV
KDOODPRV DQWH XQ UHSHUWRULR HQ HO TXH HO HVWULELOOR GH PXFKDV GH VXV FRPSRVLFLR
QHV HV FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH PiV H[WHQVR PXVLFDOPHQWH KDEODQGR TXH OD FXDUWHWD
GHOURPDQFHLQFOXVRKDVWDWUHVYHFHVPiVH[WHQVR(VWRHVXQVLJQRLQGLFDWLYRGH
TXHHVDVSLH]DVVHDSUR[LPDQIRUPDO\HVWLOtVWLFDPHQWHDODPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,,
OOHJDQGRDVREUHSDVDUODHQDOJXQDVRFDVLRQHV9pDQVHGRVHMHPSORVHQHO/LEURGH
7RQRV+XPDQRVODSLH]DQžGHQXHVWUDHGLFLyQ©3DUDTXpTXLHURODYLGDªTXH
SUHVHQWDFRPSDVHVSDUDODFXDUWHWDHQFRPSiVELQDULR\FRPSDVHVSDUDORV
FXDWURYHUVRVGHOHVWULELOORHQFRPSiVWHUQDULR\ODQž©$QWRMyVHOHD0DULFDª
WRGDHOODHVFULWDHQFRPSiVWHUQDULRTXHGHVWLQDFRPSDVHVSDUDODFXDUWHWD\
SDUDHOHVWULELOORWDPELpQGHFXDWURYHUVRV
(QHODSDUWDGR(VWLORPXVLFDO«\FRQFUHWDPHQWHHQHOSXQWR¶0HORGtD·
FRQYLHQHKDFHUDOJXQDVPDWL]DFLRQHV&RPRWRGRVVDEHPRVHQORVWRQRVKXPDQRV
HQORVTXHHOWH[WRUHÀHUHHVWDGRVGHGRORU\ODPHQWRVSRUDPRUODP~VLFDHVFRQ
VLGHUDGD JHQHUDOPHQWH FRPR XQ GLVFXUVR DIHFWLYR HQ HO TXH OD PHORGtD VH HULJH
HQ HO UHFXUVR H[SUHVLYR PiV LPSRUWDQWH DXQTXH HVWp HQVDPEODGD HQ XQ FRQMXQWR
SROLIyQLFRFRPRHVHOFDVRGHODVREUDVTXHQRVRFXSDQ
3RQGUHPRVFRPRSDUDGLJPDHQWUHORVPXFKRVTXHKD\HOURPDQFLOOROtULFRJRQ
JRULQR©/DPiVEHOODQLxDªPHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWH1RFUHHPRVFRQYHQLHQWH
FDQWDUQDWXUDOHOSHQ~OWLPR)$GHOSULPHUSHQWDJUDPDFRPRFRQVWDHQHOPDQXVFUL
WRVLQRVRVWHQLGRSRUVHPLWRQtDVXELQWHOHFWD'HHVWDPDQHUDKDFLHQGRVRVWHQLGRV
WRGRVORV)$GHHVWHSULPHUSHQWDJUDPDTXHHQUHDOLGDGDVtHVWiQHVFULWRVH[FHSWR
/DVLQGLFDUHPRVPHGLDQWHSXQWRVVXVSHQVLYRV
/DVLQGLFDUHPRVGXSOLFDQGRODOHWUDSHTXHxD
9LG/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«SiJV
,ELGSiJV
1RSDUHFHMXVWLÀFDEOHODLQFOXVLyQGHODP~VLFDGHHVWDSLH]DFRQWH[WRDORGLYLQRSRUSDUWH
GH4XHUROHQVX&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH/RSHGH9HJD«YRO,,,SiJVSDUDHOWH[WR\SiJGH
ODSDUWHPXVLFDO9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
GHOTXHKDEODPRVVHFRQVLJXHXQDXQLIRUPLGDGLQWHUYiOLFDPX\H[SUHVLYDVHFUHD
FRPRXQDHVSHFLHGHWHQVLyQDOUHGHGRUGHHVH)$HYROXFLRQDQGRHQHOVpSWLPRWRQR
62/TXHFRQWUDVWDEHOODPHQWHFRQORVWUHV)$QDWXUDOHVTXHVLJXHQDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
HQORVFXDOHVVHUHODMDGLFKDWHQVLyQ\VHFRQGXFHODSLH]DKDFLDHOGXRGpFLPRWRQR
'2 (VWH FRQWUDVWH VH DVRFLD tQWLPDPHQWH FRQ ODV LGHDV GH PHODQFROtD \ WULVWH]D
TXHH[SUHVDHOWH[WRHQORVYHUVRVÀQDOHVGHWRGDVODVFXDUWHWDV©\D\HUSRUFDVDUª
©TXHHVFXFKHPLPDOª©WDQODUJRHOSHVDUª©GHPLOLEHUWDGª©PRULU\FDOODUª
6L ELHQ DTXt SXHGH DSUHFLDUVH FLHUWR VDERU WUDGLFLRQDO R SRSXODU HQ OD P~VLFD
KD\ RWUDV SLH]DV HQ ODV TXH OD PHORGtD QDGD WLHQH TXH YHU FRQ HO iPELWR SRSXODU
\DTXHHVGHSURSLDLQVSLUDFLyQ\FUHDFLyQGHOFRPSRVLWRU8QHMHPSORGHHOOROR
WHQHPRV HQ HO URPDQFH OtULFR GH FRPSRVLWRU DQyQLPR ©+HULGDV HQ XQ UHQGLGRª
WDPELpQUHIHULGRDQWHULRUPHQWH2EVpUYHVHHOJUDGRGHHODERUDFLyQGHODOtQHDPH
OyGLFDGHOWLSOHžHQODSULPHUDVHFFLyQODDPSOLWXGGHVXVYDORUHV\ODH[WHQVLyQ
GHVXViPELWRVKDVWDGHXQDGpFLPD\ODSUHVWDQFLDPHOyGLFDVHH[WLHQGHWDPELpQ
DODVGHPiVYRFHV
3RQGUHPRVDKRUDXQHMHPSORGHLQWHUFDPELRRSUpVWDPRPHOyGLFRLQÁXHQFLDV
PXWXDVROXJDUHVFRPXQHV6HGDHVWHFDVRHQWUHGRVREUDVHQXQEUHYHSDVDMHDO
SULQFLSLRGHDPEDVSHURVLJQLÀFDWLYR6HWUDWDSRUXQDSDUWHGHOURPDQFLOOR©/LJHUD
\WHPHURVDª\SRURWUDGHOURPDQFH©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRª2EVpUYHVHODPH
ORGtDGHOWLSOHžHQVXSULPHUYHUVRHQ©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDª\FRPSiUHVHFRQODTXH
WUDHWDPELpQSDUDHOSULPHUYHUVR\HQODPLVPDYR]©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRª
1RV KHPRV GHWHQLGR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ HVWH SXQWR ¶ 0HORGtD· SRUTXH HV XQ
UHFXUVRPXVLFDOGHSULPHURUGHQ\VHDGDSWDPX\ELHQSDUDH[SOLFDUDOJXQRVDVSHF
WRVGHODUHODFLyQP~VLFDWH[WR$GHPiVGHORVUHVXOWDGRVDQDOtWLFRVTXHVHH[WUDHQ
GHORVHMHPSORVH[SXHVWRVHQUHODFLyQDODFURQRORJtDGHODVSLH]DVVXHVWLOtVWLFD
\RWURVGHWDOOHVSUHWHQGHPRVWDPELpQSRQHUGHUHOLHYHODFRQYHQLHQFLDGHHODERUDU
XQ tQGLFH GH PHORGtDV GH URPDQFHV \ WRQRV KXPDQRV \ QR VyOR GH ODV FXDUWHWDV
VLQRWDPELpQGHORVHVWULELOORV\ODVFRSODV6HUtDLQWHUHVDQWH\~WLOFUHDUXQFDWiORJR
GH PHORGtDV SDUD REVHUYDU VXV FRUUHVSRQGHQFLDV FRQFRUGDQFLDV WySLFRV OXJDUHV
FRPXQHV SUpVWDPRV UHXWLOL]DFLRQHV HWF XQ FDWiORJR VLPLODU DO TXH KLFLPRV HQ
VX PRPHQWRVREUHSRHVtDSXHVWDHQP~VLFD(YLGHQWHPHQWHKDEUtDTXHSDUWLUGH
XQRVFULWHULRVGHVHOHFFLyQPHOyGLFDHQODVSLH]DVKRPRIyQLFDV\HQDTXHOODVTXH
SUHVHQWHQXQDDGVFULSFLyQSRSXODUHYLGHQWHSHURHVWRQRHQWUDDKRUDHQORVOtPLWHV
GHHVWHWUDEDMR
9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOHMHPSORPXVLFDOQž
0DULDQR/DPEHDÌQFLSLWGHSRHVtDHVSDxRODPXVLFDGDFDFD0DGULG6RFLHGDG
(VSDxRODGH0XVLFRORJtD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(QHOSXQWR¶'HVFULSWLYLVPRPXVLFDO·FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODSDUWDGR$QiOLVLV
P~VLFDWH[WR VH FRQWHPSODQ ORV PDGULJDOLVPRV OD SLQWXUD WH[WXDO R VRQRUD ZRUG
SDLQWLQJODP~VLFDYLVXDOH\HPXVLF\FXDOTXLHURWURVLVWHPDGHSODVPDFLyQR
LPLWDFLyQ PXVLFDO GH IHQyPHQRV GH OD QDWXUDOH]D VRQLGRV GH DQLPDOHV \ SiMDURV
PRYLPLHQWRVItVLFRVHQDFFLGHQWHVQDWXUDOHVDVFHQVRV\GHVFHQVRVDQDORJtDVHQWUH
GHWHUPLQDGRVDVSHFWRVJUiÀFRVGHODQRWDFLyQPXVLFDORLQFOXVRGHODWHRUtD\RWURV
PRPHQWRVRVLWXDFLRQHVGHSDUHFLGDtQGROHWRGRHOORHQVXUHODFLyQFRQHOVHQWLGRGHO
WH[WR(VWRVPRPHQWRVGHVXERUGLQDFLyQGHODP~VLFDDOVLJQLÀFDGRGHOWH[WRHVWiQ
PX\UHODFLRQDGRVFRQODUHWyULFDPXVLFDO\GHODPLVPDPDQHUDTXH©HODUWHGHOELHQ
GHFLUªSRVHHXQYRFDEXODULRGHÀJXUDVVHUtDLQWHUHVDQWHWDPELpQFUHDUXQUHSHUWRULR
GHVLWXDFLRQHVGHVFULSWLYDVGHFDUiFWHUPXVLFDOFRQVXFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHQRPHQFODWXUD
WpFQLFDHQUHODFLyQDLQWHUYDORVULWPRVWRQRVFOiXVXODVJLURVPHOyGLFRVHWFTXH
IXQFLRQDUDQHQSHUIHFWRHQVDPEODMHFRQODVIUDVHVRSDODEUDVSRUWDGRUDVGHPHWiIRUDV
LPiJHQHV\GHPiVUHFXUVRVH[SUHVLYRVSUHVHQWHVHQORVWH[WRVSRpWLFRV
(OSXQWR¶$EVWUDFFLyQPXVLFDO·HVXQFRQFHSWRVHPHMDQWHDODQWHULRUSHURTXH
WUDWDGHVLWXDFLRQHVPiVDEVWUDFWDVFRPRVRQORVVHQWLPLHQWRVODVHPRFLRQHVORV
DIHFWRVODVSDVLRQHV\HVWDGRVGHiQLPR\RWURVVLPLODUHV(QPXFKRVWRQRVKXPDQRV
VHGDQIUDJPHQWRVFRQFUHWRVJHQHUDOPHQWHQRPX\H[WHQVRVHQORVTXHGHWHUPLQDGRV
LQWHUYDORVPHOyGLFRVRDUPyQLFRVFDUDFWHUL]DGRVSRUXQIXHUWHFRPSRQHQWHGLVRQDQWH
YLHQHQDVXEUD\DUGHPDQHUDHIHFWLVWDHOFRQWHQLGRVHPiQWLFRGHOWH[WR
4XLVLpUDPRV FRPHQWDU DTXt HO SXQWR ¶ /DPHQWRV· /D IRUPD GHQRPLQDGD
ODPHQWRSUHVHQWHHQYDULRVURPDQFHVOtULFRV\HQWHQGLGDFRPRXQIUDJPHQWRSRp
WLFRPXVLFDOGHH[SUHVLyQWULVWH\VHQWLGD©VHFDUDFWHUL]D³HQSDODEUDVGH(VSLGR
)UHLUH³SRUVXFRPLHQ]RHQPRQRVtODERVGHTXHMDRYRFDWLYRVFRQXQWUDWDPLHQWR
PXVLFDOTXHVXEUD\D\GLODWDVXGHVDUUROORVREUHYDORUHVODUJRVHQWUHFRUWDGRVSRU
VLOHQFLRVFUHDQGRXQDDWPyVIHUDSHFXOLDUGHVXVSLURVª
$KRUDFRQYLHQHDSOLFDUHVWHHVTXHPDDQDOtWLFRDDOJ~QURPDQFHOtULFR/RKDUHPRV
VREUHXQRTXH\DFRQRFHPRVHOWLWXODGR©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRªHOFXDOKDVLGR
LQFOXLGRHQVXWUD]DFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHFRQFUHWDPHQWHHQODGHDPSOLÀFDFLyQ&RPR
HVOyJLFRQRWRGRVORVSXQWRVGHOHVTXHPDVHUiQXWLOL]DGRVHQHVWDSLH]DVLQRVyOR
DTXHOORVTXHVHDQPiVQHFHVDULRVSDUDQXHVWURSURSyVLWR
$Vt SXHGH REVHUYDUVH HQ ORV YHUVRV ©£$\ )ORULV TXLHQ WH PLUD DUGH WLHPEOD \ VXVSLUDª
SHUWHQHFLHQWHVDOHVWULELOORGHOWRQR©(QHOPDUGHODVVLUHQDVªQžGHQXHVWUDHGLFLyQ/DP~VLFD\
ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«SiJ9pDVHHQHODQH[RHOHMHPSORPXVLFDO
Qž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
$3/,&$&,Ð1 '(/ (648(0$ $1$/Ì7,&2
7Ì78/2
©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRª
&20326,725 $QyQLPR
32(7$
&RQYDULDQWHVUHVSHFWRDXQURPDQFHGH$QWRQLR+XUWDGRGH
0HQGR]D
+LSRWH[WR
5RPDQFH
+LSHUWH[WR
5RPDQFHOtULFRHQ/7+
2FKRFXDUWHWDVFLQFRGHOKLSRWH[WR³XQDGHHOODVODFODUDPHQWHPRGLÀFD
GD³PiVWUHVGHQXHYRFXxR
(VWULELOORGHVHLVYHUVRVGHORVFXDOHVWUHVSHUWHQHFHQDOHVWULELOORRULJLQDO\ORV
RWURV WUHV VRQ GH QXHYD LQYHQFLyQ (VWRV ~OWLPRV ÀJXUDQ LQWHUFDODGRV D SDUWLU GHO
SULPHUYHUVRGHOHVWULELOOREDVH
(VWUXFWXUDIRUPDOSRpWLFRPXVLFDO
$%
3RHVtD
$
D
D
0~VLFD
$
D«
E
F
G«
%
F
G
F
I
J
F
%
HH
II
JJ
KK
LL
MM
([WHQVLyQGHODVVHFFLRQHV\GHORVYHUVRVHQFRPSDVHV
$FF
FF
/RVSXQWRVVXVSHQVLYRVLQGLFDQODVUHSHWLFLRQHVGHIUDJPHQWRVGHWH[WR
/DGXSOLFDFLyQGHOHWUDVLQGLFDUHSHWLFLyQPXVLFDO
(OKHFKRGHTXHQRFRLQFLGDODVXPDGHFRPSDVHVGHORVFXDWURYHUVRVFRQORVGHODVHFFLyQ
VHGHEHDXQHIHFWRGHHQFDEDOJDPLHQWRSXHVHQRFDVLRQHVHQXQPLVPRFRPSiVVHGDHOÀQDOGHXQ
YHUVR\HOSULQFLSLRGHRWUR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
DFF
FF
DFF
&RPSiVWHUQDULR
%FF
FGFFF
IJFFF
&RPSiVWHUQDULR
(VWLORPXVLFDOGHFDGDYHUVRJUXSRVGHYHUVRVRVHFFLyQFRPSOHWD
1~PHURGHYRFHV
YRFHV
ÉPELWRVPHOyGLFRVGHODVYRFHV
>7LSOHž@
0,62/
>7LSOHž@
'262/
>$OWR@
/$'2
>%DMR@
62/5(
,QWHUYiOLFDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD
&XDUWDGLVPLQXLGDFF
&RPSRVWXUD
6HFFLyQ$FXDUWHWD
DLPLWDFLyQH[WHQVDFF
ELPLWDFLyQEUHYH\KRPRIRQtDFF
FKRPRIRQtDFF
GLPLWDFLyQ\SROLIRQtDFF
1RWDSHGDOGHFXDWURFRPSDVHVDUWLFXODGDGHGRVHQGRVVREUHHO9JUDGR
DOWRFF
6HFFLyQ%HVWULELOOR
HIJKRPRIRQtDSDVDMHVDVRORLPLWDFLyQ\SROLIRQtDFF
KLM LPLWDFLyQEUHYHLPLWDFLyQH[WHQVDKRPRIRQtDLPLWDFLyQ\SROLIRQtD
FF
H
EUHYHVHFXHQFLDDUPyQLFDFF
&RPSiV
$PEDVVHFFLRQHVHVWiQHQFRPSiVWHUQDULRSURSRUFLyQPHQRU&
3DUDODQXPHUDFLyQGHODVRFWDYDVKHHVFRJLGRHOFyGLJRQžGHORVTXHWUDHHO1HZ*URYHSRU
VHUXQRGHORVPiVGLIXQGLGRVHQQXHVWURSDtV9LG/OHZHO\Q6/OR\G©3LWFKQRWDWLRQªHQ7KH1HZ
*URYH'LFWLRQDU\RI0XVLFDQG0XVLFLDQV(G6WDQOH\6DGLH/RQGRQ0DFPLOODQ3XEOLVKHUV/LPLWHG
YROSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
0RGDOLGDG
7RQR;QDWXUDO
1RWDÀQDO/$
1RWDGRPLQDQWH0,ÀQDOGHODVHFFLyQ$
&OiXVXODV
$
D ,9F
E 9,,F
F ,,,F
G 9F
%
HIJ ,,,F,9F,F
KLM
,F,,,F,F,F
&ODYHVEDMDV&KLDYLQDWXUDOL
>7LSOHž@
'2
>7LSOHž@
'2
>$OWR@ '2
>%DMR@ )$
$QiOLVLVP~VLFDWH[WR
7UD]DV
$PSOLÀFDFLyQ
(O URPDQFH OtULFR SUHVHQWD XQ GHVDUUROOR WHPiWLFR \ HVWLOtVWLFR GHO
KLSRWH[WRURPDQFHGH$QWRQLR+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]D
'LVRQDQFLDV
0HOyGLFDV
$
7LSOH ž FF &XDUWD GLVPLQXLGD HQ HO ~OWLPR YHUVR GH OD
FXDUWHWD©TXLHQPDWDTXHQRTXLHQPXHUHªH[WUDSRODEOHDORV~OWL
PRVYHUVRVGHODVUHVWDQWHVFXDUWHWDV©GRQGHQRFDEHRWUDPXHUWHª
©ODUD]yQSRUTXHDERUUHFHª©HQXQDFLHUWRTXHRIHQGHª©ODUD]yQ
FRQTXHVHSLHUGHª©SULPHURTXHDWXVGHVGHQHVª©PXHUR\RWDQ
MXVWDPHQWHª©VLQWULXQIRGHTXLHQORYHQFHª
$UPyQLFDV
%
&RPSiVHQLQYHUVLyQVREUHHO,,,FRQODGLVPLQXLGD
HQHOYHUVR©TXHDEUDVDQGRVHKLHODª
Anterior
)LQDOGHVHFFLyQVLQFOiXVXODDOXVR6HFRQVWDWDHOUHSRVRFDGHQFLDOGHOEDMR
)LQDOGHFRPSRVLFLyQVLQFOiXVXODDOXVR6HFRQVWDWDHOUHSRVRFDGHQFLDOGHOEDMR
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
&RPSiV PLVPR LQWHUYDOR \ PLVPR YHUVR TXH HO DQWHULRU SHUR
VREUHHO9,
&RPSiVHQLQYHUVLyQVREUH9,,FRQODGLVPLQXLGDSRU
HO6,EHQODGHVGHHOEDMRHQHOYHUVR©GHPDWDUVLHPSUHª
)LJXUDVUHWyULFROLWHUDULDV
$
3DUDGRMDVHQORVGRV~OWLPRVYHUVRVGHODVFXDUWHWDV\
3DUDGRMDHQODFXDUWHWD
$SyVWURIH\DQiIRUDHQODVFXDUWHWDV\
$QiIRUDGHFRQFHSWRVSDUDGyMLFRVHQODFXDUWHWD
%
2[LPRURQ
)LJXUDVUHWyULFRPXVLFDOHV
$
/DV UHSHWLFLRQHV GHO IUDJPHQWR GHO SULPHU YHUVR ©HQ XQ UHQGLGRª \ GHO
~OWLPR YHUVR ©TXLHQ PDWD TXH QR TXLHQ PXHUHª GH OD FXDUWHWD HQ YDULRV
FRPSDVHV\HQDOJXQDVYRFHVDSHVDUGHTXHVRQOLWHUDULDVSXHGHQHQWHQ
GHUVHGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDPXVLFDOVLHPSUH\FXDQGRODVFRQVLGHUHPRV
DPSOLDPHQWH GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD UHSHWLFLyQ DOWHUDGD R WUDGXFWLR
3RURWUDSDUWHFRQYLHQHVHxDODUTXHHODOWRHVOD~QLFDYR]TXHQRUHSLWHORV
IUDJPHQWRVUHIHULGRVSHURFXDQGRORVFDQWDORKDFHHQXQiPELWRPHOyGLFR
UHGXFLGRDODFXDUWDGHVFHQGHQWH/$0,ORVJUDGRVPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVGHO
WRQRHQHOTXHHVWiHVFULWDODSLH]D
(O SRO\SWRWRQ VH GD HQWUH ODV GRV YRFHV LQIHULRUHV D SDUWLU GH ORV FF \ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH \ HQWUH ODV VXSHULRUHV D SDUWLU GH ORV FF \ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
/DFDWDEDVLVVHGDHQODVGRVYRFHVVXSHULRUHVHQORVFF6RQOtQHDV
PHOyGLFDVGHVFHQGHQWHVTXHUHÁHMDQHOSHVDU\HOWRQRODVWLPHURGHOYHUVR
©TXLHQPDWDTXHQRTXLHQPXHUHª
'LFH /ySH] &DQR ©5HSHWLPRV OR TXH QR VH KD HQWHQGLGR ELHQ OR TXH QR TXHUHPRV TXH VH
ROYLGHDTXHOORTXHSRUVXLPSRUWDQFLDPHUHFHVHUVXEUD\DGRORIXQGDPHQWDOªHQVXOLEUR0~VLFD\
UHWyULFDHQHOEDUURFR«SiJ
©/DUHSHWLFLyQSRUWUDGXFWLRLPSOLFDXQDWHQXDFLyQRDPSOLÀFDFLyQGHOVLJQLÀFDGRRULJLQDOGHO
IUDJPHQWRPXVLFDOUHSHWLGRªLELGSiJ
©(VODUHSHWLFLyQGHXQPLVPRIUDJPHQWRPXVLFDOHQRWUDYR]ªLELGSiJ3DUD*RQ]iOH]
9DOOH HO SRO\SWRWRQ ©HQ P~VLFD VH WUDGXFH SRU OD UHSHWLFLyQ GH XQD PHORGtD D RWUD DOWXUD YDULDQGR XQ
SRFRVXGHVDUUROORSDUDFDXVDUPiVHIHFWRªHQVXDUWtFXOR©0~VLFD\UHWyULFDXQDQXHYDWUD\HFWRULDGH
OD©$UV0XVLFDª\OD©0XVLFD3UDFWLFDª«ªSiJ
©'HVFHQVLyQKXPLOODFLyQRVHUYLGXPEUH([SUHVDGDHQP~VLFDSRUPHGLRGHPHORGtDVGHVFHQ
GHQWHVªLELGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
/D SDUUKHVLD WLHQH OXJDU HQ HO WLSOH ž FF FRQ XQ LQWHUYDOR GH
FXDUWDGLVPLQXLGD
%
/DSDXVDTXHÀJXUDDOLQLFLRGHHVWDVHFFLyQWLHQHXQDLPSRUWDQFLDUHWyULFD
FRQVLGHUDEOH TXH LPSOLFD XQ SUREOHPD GH FRPSUHQVLyQ KHUPHQpXWLFD GHO
WH[WRSRpWLFR\RWURGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPXVLFDO6LHPSUHVXHOHKDFHUVHXQD
SDXVDHQWUHFXDUWHWD\FXDUWHWD\D~QHQWUHFXDUWHWD\HVWULELOORSRUGLYHUVDV
UD]RQHVSHURHQHOFDVRTXHQRVRFXSDODSDXVDHVGHXQFRPSiVHQWHUR\
HVWiHVFULWDHQWRGDVODVYRFHVORFXDOLQGLFDXQLQWHUpVFRQFUHWRSRUSDUWH
GHOFRPSRVLWRU(QQXHVWUDRSLQLyQHVXQDSDXVDGUDPiWLFD©TXHDtVODHO
URPDQFHGHVXHVWULELOOR>«@TXHVHSDUDODPXHUWHGHODYLGDRPHMRUGLFKR
TXH KHUPHQpXWLFDPHQWH QRV H[SOLFD TXH HO VLOHQFLR WUDV OD PXHUWH HV HO
PLVPRVLOHQFLRDQWHVGHODYLGD©TXLHQPDWDTXHQRTXLHQPXHUH>SDXVD@
)XHJR HQ OD QLHYH TXH DEUDVDQGR VH KLHODª 0DJQtÀFR MXHJR GH RSyVLWRV
SURSLRGHODHVWpWLFDEDUURFDª(QFXDQWRDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPXVLFDOHO
PRYLPLHQWRGHODFXDUWHWDVHUiOHQWR\HOGHOHVWULELOORPiVUiSLGRDXQTXH
DPEDVVHFFLRQHVHVWpQHVFULWDVHQHOPLVPRFRPSiV\QRKD\DLQGLFDFLyQ
DOJXQDHQHOPDQXVFULWRGHFDPELRGHPRYLPLHQWRPHGLDQWHODVSDODEUDV
TXHVROtDQXWLOL]DUVHDWDOHIHFWR\TXHVtDSDUHFHQHQRWUDVSLH]DVFRPR
SRUHMHPSORHQ©£4XpELHQVLHQWHQPLVVXVSLURV«ªGRQGHLQGLFDFLRQHV
DJyJLFDVFRPRDVSDFLR\PiVDVSDFLRDVtORVHxDODQ/DÀJXUDUHWyULFDTXH
KDFHUHIHUHQFLDDHVWDSDXVDTXHFRPHQWiEDPRVHVODDSRVLRSHVLV
/DDQDEDVLVVHGDHQODVGRVYRFHVLQWHULRUHVFF(OIXHJR\OD
QLHYH VRQ HOHPHQWRV TXH LPSOLFDQ FLHUWR FRQFHSWR GH HOHYDFLyQ \ DOWXUD
H[SUHVDGRHQHVWDVOtQHDVPHOyGLFDVDVFHQGHQWHV(VWHPLVPRSDVDMHSUH
©([SUHVDUDOJRRGLRVRGHPDQHUDWROHUDEOH(QP~VLFDVHWUDGXFHFRQLQWHUYDORVDXPHQWDGRV
RGLVPLQXLGRVDUPyQLFRVRPHOyGLFRVSDUDH[SUHVDUODFRUUXSFLyQHOSHFDGRDGYHUVLGDGRYDFLODFLyQª
LELGSiJ
&IU/XLV5REOHGR-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWUR«SiJDGRQGHGLFH©&DUEDOORDOXGHDWUHVSRVLEOHV
FDXVDVGHTXHHOR\HQWHSLHUGDHOVHQWLGRGHOWH[WRDODFDEDUXQDHVWURIDGHOURPDQFH8QDHVTXHVHUHSLWD
HO~OWLPRYHUVRHVWRHVIUHFXHQWH\DVtORYHPRVSXHVWRHQSUiFWLFDSRU-XDQ%ODV2WUDHVTXHHOFDQWRU
KDJD XQD SDXVD SDUD GHVFDQVDU OR TXH HV FRPSUHQVLEOH \ KDVWD REYLR /D TXH TXHGD HV SDUD QRVRWURV
PXFKRPiVLPSRUWDQWHFRQVLVWH©«HQWRFDUHOLQVWUXPHQWR«ª6LFRPRSDUHFHHOLQVWUXPHQWRWRFD
GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHFDQWDGRXQDHVWURIDSRGHPRVFRQMHWXUDUTXHOOHYDUtDDFDERDOJXQDVXHUWHGHJORVD
RTXL]iOD~OWLPDIUDVHPXVLFDODPRGRGHULWRUQHOORª
/DP~VLFD\ODSRHVtDHQFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,«SiJ
1žGHQXHVWUDHGLFLyQLELGSiJFF\
©(VXQDÀJXUDSDUDH[SUHVDUUHWLFHQFLD(QP~VLFDVHWUDGXFHSRUPHGLRGHXQDSDXVDJHQHUDO
HQWRGDVODVYRFHVSDUDVLJQLÀFDUPXHUWHRÀQª*RQ]iOH]9DOOH©0~VLFD\UHWyULFDXQDQXHYDWUD\HFWRULD
GHOD©$UV0XVLFDª\OD©0XVLFD3UDFWLFDª«ªSiJV
©$VFHQVLyQHOHYDFLyQRH[DOWDFLyQ6HDSOLFDHQP~VLFDSRUPHGLRGHPHORGtDVDVFHQGHQWHVª
LELGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
VHQWDXQDVLQRQLPLD3RURWUDSDUWHODWUDGXFWLRVHGDHQPXFKRVOXJDUHV
GHHVWHHVWULELOOR
7DPELpQSXHGHREVHUYDUVHXQFDVRGHSDUUKHVLDHQHOSHQ~OWLPRFRPSiV
GHODREUD
'HVFULSWLYLVPRPXVLFDOPDGULJDOLVPRVZRUGSDLQWLQJ\H\HPXVLF
/XJDUHV
(Q HO WRQR KXPDQR TXH QRV RFXSD SRGHPRV REVHUYDU XQ FDVR GH
PDGULJDOLVPRHQODDQiEDVLVFLWDGDDQWHULRUPHQWHHQHOYHUVR©)XHJR
HQODQLHYHªFF
$EVWUDFFLyQPXVLFDO
6HQWLPLHQWRV
3DUDODSLH]DTXHWUDWDPRVYpDQVHORVSXQWRV'LVRQDQFLDV\
0HOyGLFDVGRQGHVHUHFRJHODLGHDGHPRULUSRUDPRU7pQJDVHHQ
FXHQWDWDPELpQODFDWDEDVLVFLWDGDDQWHULRUPHQWHHQHOYHUVR©TXLHQ
PDWDTXHQRTXLHQPXHUHª
/DPHQWRV
(OSULQFLSLRGH©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRªGDODVHQVDFLyQGHXQLQLFLR
GHODPHQWRSRUHOLQWHUYDORUHLWHUDGRGHPHQRU
9
(QODIDVHGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHHOURPDQFHUROtULFRHQODTXHQRVKDOODPRV\
FRQORVREMHWLYRVTXHQRVKHPRVSURSXHVWRDSDUWLUGHDKRUDFHQWUDUHPRVQXHVWURV
DQiOLVLVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVHQDTXHOODVSLH]DVTXHSUHVHQWHQP~VLFD\SRHVtDGHQXHYR
FXxRVLQUHIHUHQFLDVSRSXODUHVRSRSXODUL]DQWHVHYLGHQWHV<HVWRSRUGRVUD]RQHV
HQSULPHUOXJDUSRUTXHHQODSDUWHGHOUHSHUWRULRTXHDKRUDHVWDPRVHVWXGLDQGRHV
GHFLUHO/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV\HO&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH
/LVERDVRQFRQWDGtVLPDVODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVTXHSXHGHQSUHVHQWDUUHIHUHQWHSRSXODU
HQ VXV PHORGtDV R SRHVtDV \ HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD QR YDOH OD SHQD DKRUD DERUGDU VX
HVWXGLRVLQRSRVWHUJDUORSDUDRWURPRPHQWRGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\FRQIRUPHYD\DPRV
DYDQ]DQGR HQ OD FRQIHFFLyQ GH QXHVWUD PRQRJUDItD VREUH HO URPDQFHUR OtULFR GHO
VLJOR;9,,<HQVHJXQGROXJDUSRUTXHHQHVWHSHUtRGRTXHQRVRFXSDODSRHVtD
KDDGTXLULGRXQDJUDQSUHVWDQFLDDUWtVWLFD\HVWpWLFDHQORTXHVHUHÀHUHDLPDJLQHUtD
FRPSOHMLGDG FRQFHSWXDO \ UHFXUVRV HVWLOtVWLFRV \ SRU FRQVLJXLHQWH OD P~VLFD TXH
©/D UHSHWLFLyQ GH XQ IUDJPHQWR PXVLFDO WUDQVSRUWDGR D RWUR QLYHOª /ySH] &DQR 0~VLFD \
UHWyULFDHQHOEDUURFR«SiJ
/ySH]&DQRUHFRJHHVWDGHÀQLFLyQGHSDUUKHVLD©(VFXDQGRHQWUHGRVYRFHVDSDUHFHQIXHUWHV
H LQXVXDOHV GLVRQDQFLDV FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GHO PRYLPLHQWR QDWXUDO GH OD OtQHD PHOyGLFD GH FDGD XQD
GH HOODVª LELG SiJ \ DxDGH TXH ©HQ P~VLFD YRFDO IUHFXHQWHPHQWH HV DVRFLDGD DO FRQFHSWR GH
¶PLHGR·ªLELGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
OHKDGHRWRUJDUH[SUHVLYLGDGKDGHVHUQXHYD\HVWDULQVSLUDGDH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQ
HOODVLQQHFHVLGDGGHUHFXUULUDJLURV\UDVJRVGHFDUiFWHUSRSXODUTXHHUDQFRPXQHV
HQGpFDGDVDQWHULRUHV\TXHFRQIRUPDEDQHOEDJDMHGHPDWHULDOVRQRURUHXWLOL]DEOH
SRU HO FRPSRVLWRU$KRUD OD P~VLFD KD GH VHU QXHYD \ HVWDU D OD DOWXUD DUWtVWLFD \
HVWpWLFDGHODSRHVtD(VWDPRVGHDFXHUGRFRQ/ySH]&DQRFXDQGRUHÀULpQGRVHD
FXHVWLRQHVDQDOtWLFDVGLFHTXH©VHJXUDPHQWHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQPXVLFROyJLFDHQFRQ
WUDUi QXHYRV SODQRV GH UHIHUHQFLD SDUD OD P~VLFD GH ORV WRQRV DPSOLDQGR ODV WUHV
FODVHVFLWDGDVª³\SRUODVWUHVFODVHVFLWDGDVHQWLHQGHODP~VLFDSURYHQLHQWHGH
©URPDQFHVFDQFLRQHVRJpQHURVGHFDQFLRQHVSRSXODUHVRWUDGLFLRQDOHVWUDQVPLWLGDV
YtDRUDOªORV©WLSRVRJpQHURVGHGDQ]DEDLOHSRSXODURFRUWHVDQDª\ORV©WLSRVHV
TXHPDVGHEDMRVJURXQGV>«@VREUHGLVHxRVGHEDMRV\SDWURQHVUtWPLFRDUPyQLFRV
ELHQ GHÀQLGRVª³ (Q HIHFWR XQD P~VLFD FRQVWUXLGD D SDUWLU GH HVWRV GLVHxRV
HVWUXFWXUDOHV\DQRHVSHUWLQHQWHSDUDORVWRQRVKXPDQRVTXHHVWDPRVHVWXGLDQGR\
DQDOL]DQGRDKRUDHYLGHQWHPHQWHTXHKD\ODVOyJLFDVH[FHSFLRQHVVREUHWRGRHQHO
&DQFLRQHUR3RpWLFR0XVLFDO+LVSiQLFRGH/LVERD(QFRQVHFXHQFLDDQWHP~VLFDV
GHFUHDFLyQRULJLQDOVHSUHFLVDHVHRWURSODQRGHUHIHUHQFLDSDUDVXLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\
DQiOLVLVFRQFUHWDPHQWHXQRGHFDUiFWHULQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULRHOTXHQRVSXHGHRIUHFHU
ODVWUD]DVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVHOFXDOQRVD\XGDUiVLQGXGDDGHVOLQGDUORVOtPLWHV
HVWLOtVWLFRVGHOURPDQFHUROtULFR
Anterior
/ySH]&DQR©/RVWRQRVKXPDQRVFRPRVHPLyWLFDVVLQFUpWLFDV«ªSiJ
,ELGSiJ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
$1(;2
7DEODVLQySWLFD
7UD]DVSRU
'HÀQLFLRQHV
(MHPSORV
DPSOLÀFDFLyQ
'HVDUUROORWHPiWLFR\HVWLOtVWLFRGHOKLSRWH[WR
©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRª
/7+,
GLVPLQXFLyQ
6HDPLQRUDHOKLSRWH[WRWDQWRHQVXH[WHQVLyQFRPRHQHO
GHVDUUROORGHOWHPD
©/DPiVEHOODQLxDª
&30+/Qž
FRQFLVLyQ
6HDEUHYLDHOKLSRWH[WRVLQGLVPLQXLUORWHPiWLFDPHQWH
©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVª
&30+/Qž
WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ
&RQYHUVLyQPpWULFDGHOKLSRWH[WRHQURPDQFH
©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDª
/7+,
WUDQVPXWDFLyQ
&RQYHUVLyQGHORVHIHFWRV\ORVÀQHVGHOKLSRWH[WR
©/RVJDQDGRVGH)LOHQRª
/7+,
WUDVHQWRQDFLyQ
9DULDFLyQSDUFLDORWRWDOGHOYDORUFRQQRWDWLYRGHODHQWRQDFLyQ
SRpWLFDGHOKLSRWH[WR
©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRª
&30+/Qž
3RHPDV\HMHPSORVPXVLFDOHV
©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDªQž
KX\HQGRYDGHPtODQLQIDPtD
HQFRPHQGDQGRDOYLHQWR
VXVUXELDVWUHQ]DVPLFDQVDGRDFHQWR
+LSRWH[WR
&RUFLOODWHPHURVD
FXDQGRVDFXGLUVLHQWH
DOVREHUELRDTXLOyQFRQIXHU]DÀHUD
ODYHUGHVHOYDXPEURVD
RPXUPXUDUFRUULHQWH
HQWUHODKLHUEDFRUUHWDQOLJHUD
TXHDOYLHQWRGHVDItD
VXYRODGRUDSODQWD
FRQOLJHUH]DWDQWD
/XLV GH *yQJRUD 2EUDV FRPSOHWDV ,
3RHPDVGHDXWRUtDVHJXUDSRHPDVGHDXWHQWLFLGDG
SUREDEOH(GLFLyQ\SUyORJRGH$QWRQLR&DUUHLUD
0DGULG(GLFLRQHVGHOD)XQGDFLyQ-RVp$QWRQLR
GH&DVWURSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
(OYLHQWRGHOLFDGR
KDFHGHVXVFDEHOORV
PLOFUHVSRVQXGRVSRUODEODQFDHVSDOGD
\KDELpQGRVHDEULJDGR
ODVFLYDPHQWHHQHOORV
DOXFKDUEDMDXQSRFRFRQODIDOGD
GRQGHQRVLQGHFRUR
SRUEU~MXODDXQTXHEUHYH
PXHVWUDODEODQFDQLHYH
HQWUHORVOD]RVGHOFRWXUQRGHRUR
\DVtHQWDQWRVHQRMRV
VLWUDEDMDQORVSLHVJR]DQORVRMRV
&RQDTXHOGXOFHEUtR
TXHPHGDHOVRSORHVFDVR
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
GHOYLHQWRDOGHVFXEULUVXSODQWDEHOOD
VLJRHVIRU]DQGRHOPtR
VXIXJLWLYRSDVR
QRPiVSRUDOFDQ]DOODTXHSRUYHOOD
HOODPLLQWHQWRYLHQGR
YXHOYHDPtODVHUHQD
VDYHOX]\HQIUHQD
PLGXOFHDOFDQFHHOPLVPRHIHFWRKDFLHQGR
VXVOXFHVVREHUDQDV
HQPtTXHHQ$WDODQWDODVPDQ]DQDV
4XpGDWHDTXtFDQFLyQ\SRQVLOHQFLR
DOIXJLWLYRFDQWR
TXHUD]yQHVSDUDUTXLHQFRUULyWDQWR
<RSXHVFLHJR\WXUEDGR
YLpQGRODFRPRPLGH
FRQPiVOLJHURVSLHVHOYHUGHOODQR
TXHGHODUFRHQFRUYDGR
ODVDHWDGHVSLGH
GHO3DUWRÀHURODUREXVWDPDQR
\YLHQGRTXHHQPtPHQJXD
ORTXHDHOODOHVREUD
SXHVQXHYDVIXHU]DVFREUD
DSHORGHORVSLHVSDUDODOHQJXD
\HQDOWDYR]OHGLJR
©1RKX\DVQLQIDSXHVTXHQRWHVLJR
3XHV\DODSULVD
VHUiFRUUHU
KDFLDODKHULGD
ª(QIUHQDRK&ORULHOYXHOR
SXHVYHVTXHHOUXELR$SROR
SRQH\DÀQDVXFDUUHUDDUGLHQWH
WHQGHWLPLVPDGXHOR
GHSRQJDXQUDWRVROR
HOKRQHVWRVXGRUWXEODQFDIUHQWH
%DVWDQWHPXHVWUDKDVGDGR
GHFUHO\OLJHUD
SXHVHQWDQJUDQFDUUHUD
WXEHOOtVLPRSLHQXQFDKDGHMDGR
HVWDPSDHQHODUHQD
QLHQWXSHFKRFUHOPLJUDYHSHQD
5RPDQFHOtULFRGHO/7+
/LJHUD\WHPHURVD
IDWLJDGDFRUFLOOD
SRUHOERVTXHWHOOHYDV
SRUHODLUHFDPLQDV
$PDQWH\SUHVXURVD
ODVWLPDGDVIDWLJDV
SRUODFXPEUHODVVHOYDV
SRUHODJXDODVJ>X@LMDV
/DÁHFKDYRODGRUD
YHQWXURVDGHVGLFKD
HQHODLUHTXHOOHYD
HVGRQDLUHODYLGD
&RQDODVYDVDLURVD
DOLxDGDDYHFLOOD
SRUHOPRQWHOLJHUD
SRUHODLUHPHQWLGD
&RQSOXPDVHQJDxRVDV
OLVRQJHUDVVHDOLxDQ
SRUHOEUXWRTXHYXHOD
SRUHODYHTXHSLVD
$OLHQWRVPHQWLURVRV
QRFREUDGDVSRUItDV
HQGHVPD\RVDOYXHOR
HQGHVDLUHVDOGtD
3HVDUHV\YHQWXUDV
DPRURVDFRGLFLDV
HQODIXJDTXHORJUDV
HQHOFDPSRTXHPLUDV
'HDUFRPiVKHUPRVD
WHFRURQDVYHQFLGD
GHODVÁHFKDVGH&ORUL
FRQHODODGLYLQD
Siguiente
ª(MHPSORVPLODOYLYR
GHQLQIDVWHSRQGUtD
VL\DODDQWLJHGDGQRQRVHQJDxD
SRUFX\RWUDWRHVTXLYR
QXHYRVFRQRFHKR\GtD
WURQFRVHOERVTXH\SLHGUDVODPRQWDxD
PDVVtUYDWHGHDYLVR
HQWXFXUVRHOGHDTXHOOD
QRWDQFUXGDQLEHOOD
DTXLHQ\DVDEHVTXHHOSDVWRUGH$QIULVR FRQSLHPHQRVOLJHUR
ODVLJXLyQLQID\ODDOFDQ]yPDGHURª
Anterior
Buscar
3XHV\DODSULVD«
w
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDª/7+,SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRªQž
+LSRWH[WR
5RPDQFHOtULFRGHO/7+
+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGR
QXQFDIXHURQGHYDOLHQWH
\PiVÁDTXH]DGHVFXEUH
TXLHQPDWDTXHQRTXLHQPXHUH
$VDQJUHPLOYHFHVIUtD
HVVHJXQGDYH]DOHYH
ULJRUTXHEXVFDPiVYLGD
GRQGHQRFDEHRWUDPXHUWH
1RHVFUXHOGDGHQODKHUPRVXUD
QRTXHUHUDTXLHQODTXLHUH
VLQRHOVHUQRPiVTXHDPDOOD
ODUD]yQSRUTXHDERUUHFH
3LpUGDVHODYLGDHODOPD
\WRGROOHJXHDSHUGHUVH
SRUHOOD\VyORVHORJUH
ODUD]yQFRQTXHVHSLHUGH
+R\PLPXHUWH$QIULVDKHUPRVD
VLHVWXJXVWRODGHVHHV
PtUDOHHQOLVRQMDVPtDV
SULPHURTXHHQWXVGHVGHQHV
+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGR
QXQFDVRQGHEUD]RIXHUWH
\PiVÁDTXH]DGHVFXEUH
TXLHQPDWDTXHQRTXLHQPXHUH
)XHJRHQODQLHYH
TXHDEUDVDQGRVHKLHOD
GHORTXHHQFLHQGH
)XHJRPLOYHFHVIXHJR
HQEHOOH]DTXHYLYH
GHPDWDUVLHPSUH
$VDQJUHPLOYHFHVIUtD
HVVHJXQGDYH]DOHYH
ULJRUTXHEXVFDPiVYLGD
GRQGHQRFDEHRWUDPXHUWH
)XHJRHQODQLHYH
\HQEHOOH]DTXHYLYH
GHPDWDUVLHPSUH
1RHVFUXHOGDGHQODKHUPRVXUD
QRTXHUHUDTXLHQODTXLHUH
VLQRHOVHUQRPiVTXHDPDGD
ODUD]yQSRUTXHDERUUHFH
$PDU\RIHQGHUDPDQGR
¢TXpGHVGLFKDORPHUHFH"
¢\TXpSXHGHKDFHUXQDOPD
HQXQDFLHUWRTXHRIHQGH"
(VWULELOOR
3LpUGDVHODYLGD\DOPD
\WRGROOHJDDSHUGHUVH
SRUHOOD\VyORVHORJUD
ODUD]yQFRQTXHVHSLHUGH
6LPLPXHUWH&ORULKHUPRVD
HVWXJXVWR\DODGHEHV
DWLHUQDVOiJULPDVPtDV
SULPHURTXHDWXVGHVGHQHV
6LXQDYLGDDXQVLHQGRVX\D
QLQJXQRTXLWDUODSXHGH
¢FyPRVHxRUDDWXVPDQRV
PXHUR\RWDQMXVWDPHQWH"
2EUDVSRpWLFDVGH'RQ$QWRQLR+XUWDGR
GH0HQGR]D(GLFLyQ\SUyORJRGH5DIDHO%HQtWH]
&ODURV0DGULG5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxROD*UiÀFDV
8OWUDYROVSiJYRO
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
£4XpPRULUWDQGHVGLFKDGR
VLQSHQDGHTXLHQORVLHQWH
VLQGRORUGHTXLHQORPLUD
VLQWULXQIRGHTXLHQORYHQFH
)XHJRHQODQLHYH«
w
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
©+HULGDVHQXQUHQGLGRª/7+,SiJV
©/DPiVEHOODQLxDªQž
+LSRWH[WR
/DPiVEHOODQLxD
GHQXHVWUROXJDU
KR\YwXGD\VROD
\D\HUSRUFDVDU
YLHQGRTXHVXVRMRV
DODJXHUUDYDQ
DVXPDGUHGLFH
TXHHVFXFKDVXPDO
GHMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDU
ª\PHFDXWLYDVWHV
GHTXLHQKR\VHYD
\OOHYDODVOODYHV
GHPLOLEHUWDG
GHMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDU
©3XHVPHGLVWHVPDGUH
HQWDQWLHUQDHGDG
WDQFRUWRHOSODFHU
WDQODUJRHOSHVDU
/XLVGH*yQJRUD5RPDQFHV(GLFLyQGH
$QWRQLR &DUUHxR 0DGULG &iWHGUD SiJV
ª1RPHSRQJiLVIUHQR
QLTXHUiLVFXOSDU
TXHORXQRHVMXVWR
Siguiente
ª(QOORUDUFRQYLHUWDQ
PLVRMRVGHKR\PiV
HOVDEURVRRÀFLR
GHOGXOFHPLUDU
ªSXHVTXHQRVHSXHGHQ
PHMRURFXSDU
\pQGRVHDODJXHUUD
TXLHQHUDPLSD]
GHMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDU
Anterior
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
ORRWURSRUGHPiV
ª6LPHTXHUpLVELHQ
QRPHKDJiLVPDO
KDUWRSHRUIXHUD
PRULU\FDOODU
GHMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDU
ª'XOFHPDGUHPtD
¢TXLpQQROORUDUi
DXQTXHWHQJDHOSHFKR
FRPRXQSHGHUQDO
ª\QRGDUiYRFHV
YLHQGRPDUFKLWDU
ORVPiVYHUGHVDxRV
GHPLPRFHGDG"
GHMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDU
ª9i\DQVHODVQRFKHV
SXHVLGRVVHKDQ
ORVRMRVTXHKDFtDQ
ORVPtRVYHODU
ªYi\DQVH\QRYHDQ
WDQWDVROHGDG
GHVSXpVTXHHQPLOHFKR
VREUDODPLWDG
'HMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDUª
5RPDQFHOtULFRGHO&30+/
/DPiVEHOODQLxD
GHQXHVWUROXJDU
KR\YwXGD\VROD
\D\HUSRUFDVDU
'HMDGPHOORUDU
RULOODVGHOPDU
9LHQGRTXHVXVRMRV
DODJXHUUDYDQ
DVXPDGUHGLFH
TXHHVFXFKHPLPDO
©3XHVPHGLVWHVPDGUH
HQWDQWLHUQDHGDG
WDQFRUWRSODFHU
WDQODUJRHOSHVDU
ª<PHFDXWLYDVWHV
GHTXLHQKR\VHYD
\OOHYDODVOODYHV
GHPLOLEHUWDG
ª6LPHTXHUpLVELHQ
QRPHKDJiLVPDO
KDUWRSHRUIXHUD
PRULU\FDOODUª
'HMDGPHOORUDU«
w
7UDQVFULELPRV VyOR OD YR] GHO WLSOH ž
PV9,IRO
(QHOPV©WHQUDª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©/DPiVEHOODQLxDª&30+/QžPV9,IROU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVªQž
+LSRWH[WR
5RPDQFHOtULFRGHO&30+/
©1RYHOD GHVGLFKDGD 3XHVWR HQ P~VLFD SRU HO
30))LOLSHGHOD0GH'ª
5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHV
GHGRVHUJXLGRVHVFROORV
TXHVLHQGRSD]GHODRULOOD
VRQVLHPSUHJXHUUDGHOJROIR
7212;9,,
5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHV
GHGRVHUJXLGRVHVFROORV
TXHVLHQGRSD]GHODRULOOD
VRQVLHPSUHJXHUUDGHOJROIR
FXDQGRGHHVSXPDVFHxLGR
YRODEDXQEDMHOPHGURVR
GHWUHVJDOHUDVEDVWDUGDV
HQODDPELFLyQ\HQHOPRGR
'RQGHD*pQRYDSDVDED
SHUHJULQDQGRVXVJROIRV
XQDPDQWHSHUHJULQR
HQVXSDWULD\HQVtVROR
$PRUOHOOHYDVLQJXtD
SRUTXHKDGHMDGRVXVRMRV
HQORVRMRVGHVXGDPD
GRQGHpOVHTXHGDEDWRGR
9LHQGRHQÀQ\DGHOFRQWUDULR
YHFLQRVORVUHPRVFRUYRV
\TXHHQVXGHVGLFKDSXHGHQ
PiVORVEUD]RVTXHORVVRSORV
©£JHQHURVDVRQGDV³GLFH³
TXHRVSDUiLVDPLVVROOR]RV
FXiQWRPiVELHQHPSOHDUDLV
HQPLFXUVRYXHVWURHQRMR
9LHQWRVGHTXLHQHVÀDED
ODHVSHUDQ]DVLQDVRPEUR
SUXHEHFRPRDQWHVORVGDxRV
HVWDYH]YXHVWURVVRFRUURV
7XUTXHVDVOXQDVPHVLJXHQ
GHHQYLGLDGHOVROTXHDGRUR
\SXHVGHOVROVR\FDXWLYR
FDXWLYHQODVOXQDVRWURVª
£$\SREUHSHUHJULQR
FDXWLYRVREUHFDXWLYR
7XPDOQRHVRUGLQDULR
IRU]DGRDXQUHPR
DORWURYROXQWDULR
£$\SREUHSHUHJULQR
FDXWLYRVREUHFDXWLYR
7XPDOQRHVRUGLQDULR
IRU]DGRDXQUHPR
DORWURYROXQWDULR
&XDQGRGHHVSXPDVFHxLGR
YRODEDXQEDMHOPHGURVR
GHWUHVJDOHUDVEDVWDUGDV
HQODDPELFLyQ\HQHOPRGR
$ODVSUHVWDQDVXYXHOR
ORVVXVSLURVDPRURVRV
GHXQSHUHJULQRTXH'HQLD
QRWyVXSDVR\VXYRWR
©£*HQHURVDVRQGDV³GLFH³
TXHRVSDUiLVDPLVVROOR]RV
FXiQWRPiVELHQDFDOODUDLV
FRQYXHVWURFXUVRPLDVRPEUR
7XUTXHVDVOXQDVPHVLJXHQ
GHHQYLGLDGHOVROTXHDGRUR
PDVSXHVGHOVROVR\FDXWLYR
FDXWLYHQODVOXQDVRWURVª
£$\SREUHSHUHJULQR«
w
>0HOR@ /D DYHQD GH 7HUVtFRUH HQ RS
FLWSiJV(QFXDQWRD©QRYHODªHQWLpQGDVH
FRPRVLQyQLPRGH©ÀFFLyQª$XW
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©5D\DEDHOVROSRUODVFXPEUHVª&30+/QžWUDQVFULSFLyQGH0DULDQR/DPEHD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
©/RVJDQDGRVGH)LOHQRªQž
+LSRWH[WR
5RPDQFHOtULFRGHO/7+
/RVJDQDGRVGH)LOHQR
PD\RUDOGH*XDGDUUDPD
FRQHODUGRUGHOHVWtR
QLHYDQWRGDODPRQWDxD
'HVWUX\HQWRGRORYHUGH
\WRGDPDOH]DWDODQ
VLQPLUDUTXHRIHQGHQKR\
ORTXHKDQPHQHVWHUPDxDQD
(QVXVDUUR\RVYHORFHV
\DVHEULQGDQ\DVHSDUDQ
SRUSDJDUOHVHQFULVWDO
ORTXHEHELHURQHQSODWD
&RQHODXURUDDPDQHFHQ
DQWHVTXHHOVROVHOHYDQWD
DVDTXHDUGHODVÁRUHV
WRGRHOURFtRGHODOED
/RVJDQDGRVGH)LOHQR
PD\RUDOGH*XDGDUUDPD
HQHODUGRUGHOHVWtR
QLHYDQWRGDODPRQWDxD
0DVQRVHOODPHJXHUUD
ODTXHKDFHQ
ORVJDQDGRVHQODVLHUUD
SRUTXHORVPDQVRVFRUGHURV
HQORVÁRULGRVSHQVLOHV
VLSDFHQYHUGHVDEULOHV
HVTXLOPDQEODQFRVHQHURV
&RQHODXURUDGHVSLHUWDQ
\DQWHVTXHHOVROVHOHYDQWDQ
DVDTXHDUHQODKLHUED
WRGRHOWHVRURGHODOED
'HVXVEDOLGRVODVYRFHV
LQWLPDQJXHUUDDODVSODQWDV
\ODVTXHHQHOODVHVTXHMD
HVSDUDHOFDPSRDPHQD]D
(QHVFXDGUyQVHFRPSRQHQ
ODVRYHMDVDXQTXHPDQVDV
SDUDSDVDUDFXFKLOOR
ODVÁRUHVGHODFDPSDxD
'HODFRURQDGHOPRQWH
ORPiVVREHUDQRXOWUDMDQ
SLViQGROHVXVGLDPDQWHV
FRUWDQGRVXVHVPHUDOGDV
(QORVDUUR\RVYHORFHV
\DVHEULQGDQ\DVHEDxDQ
SRUSDJDUOHVHQYHOOyQ
ORTXHOHVGHEHQHQSODWD
1RVHOLEUDQHQODVFXPEUHV
ODVEDQGHUDVGHODVUDPDV
SXHVJDQDQODVPiVDOWLYDV
ORVDVDOWRVGHODVFDEUDV
'HVWUX\HQWRGRORYHUGH
\KDVWDODVUDtFHVWDODQ
VLQUHSDUDUTXHKR\RIHQGHQ
ORTXHKDQPHQHVWHUPDxDQD
7RQRVDORGLYLQR\DORKXPDQR«SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
0DVQRVHOODPHJXHUUD«
w
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
©/RVJDQDGRVGH)LOHQRª/7+,SiJV\
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRªQž
+LSRWH[WR
5RPDQFHOtULFRGHO&30+/
©/DWHUULEOHKHUPRVXUD3XHVWRHQP~VLFDSRUHO
PHVPR0DHVWUR>30)/XLVGH&ULVWR@ª
(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGR
DTXHOGHODVPDQFKDVYHUGHV
SRUYROYHUSiOLGRHOPXQGR
£RKTXpVDQJULHQWRTXHYLHQH
7212;,,
(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGR
DTXHOGHODVPDQFKDVYHUGHV
YROYLHQGRDPDULOORHOPXQGR
DJRUDGHURMRYLHQH
/HRQLGDHVODGHODFRUWH
RGHSDODFLRHOURPSLHQWH
OHyQ£TXpVHUiSXHVURPSH
SURPHVDVFRPRELOOHWHV
$QWRMyVHOHDODQLxD
TXHHUDOLQGH]DHOVHUVLHUSH
SRUTXHR\yTXHODVKHUPRVDV
KDQMXUDGRGHFUHOHV
-XQWyVHTXHQRMXQWDUD
FRQWUDPtWRGRVGHVGHQHV
KL]RELHQTXHPLVFXLGDGRV
SHFDUiQSRUWRGRVVLHPSUH
3OHJXHD'LRVTXHQROHHPEDUJXHQ
VXVÀORVORVGHODPXHUWH
SUREDQGRTXHHQVLQUD]RQHV
QXQFDKDQSRGLGRYHQFHUOHV
([WUHPHGHODKHUPRVXUD
VyORORVGXOFHVDUQHVHV
\SiJDVHGHPLVDQJUH
VLQRVDOHPiVYDOLHQWH
£5HFRJHUUHFRJHUDSULVD
TXHHQFDPSDxDHVWi/HRQLGD
(OORHVLQIHOLFHKD]DxD
TXHSRGLHQGRHQYH]GHÁRUHV
YHQJiLVSREODUGHGRORUHV
KR\/HRQLGDODFDPSDxD
(OORHVXQDJORULDH[WUDxD
KDFHUGHODPXHUWHULVD
£5HFRJHUUHFRJHUDSULVD
TXHHQFDPSDxDHVWi/HRQLGD
£5HFRJHUUHFRJHUDSULVD
TXHHQFDPSDxDHVWi/HRQLGD
/HRQLGDHVODGHODFRUWH
6LDFDVR¢QRHVOHyQURPSLHQWH"
£4XHVtVHUiSXHVTXHURPSH
SURPHVDVFRPRELOOHWHV
$QWRMyVHOHDODQLxD
TXHHUDOLQGH]DHOVHUVLHUSH
SRUTXHR\yTXHODVKHUPRVDV
KDQMXUDGRGHFUHOHV
-XQWyVHTXHQRMXQWDUD
FRQWUDPtWRGRVGHVGHQHV
KL]RELHQTXHPLVFXLGDGRV
SHFDUiQSRUWRGRVVLHPSUH
3OHJXHD'LRVTXHQROHHPEDUJXHQ
VXVÀORVORVGHODPXHUWH
SUREDQGRTXHHQVLQUD]RQHV
QXQFDKDQSRGLGRYHQFHUOHV
£5HFRJHUUHFRJHUDSULVD«
w
>0HOR@ /D DYHQD GH 7HUVtFRUH HQ RS
FLWSiJV\GHODVHJXQGDQXPHUDFLyQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRª&30+/QžPV9,IROY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/2/$-26$<0$5,$12/$0%($
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©/LJHUD\WHPHURVDª%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO0DGULG0VIROY>Y@
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©(OEDVDOLVFRHQFDUQDGRª&30+/QžPV9,IROY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$675$=$632e7,&2086,&$/(6(1(/520$1&(52/Ì5,&2(63$f2/
(MHPSORPXVLFDOQž
©(QHOPDUGHODVVLUHQDVª/7+,SiJ
/2/$-26$ <0$5,$12/$0%($
8QLYHUVLGDGGH%DUFHORQD\'SWR0XVLFRORJtD&6,&%DUFHORQD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1
'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0'()5$1&,6&26$/,1$6
'HVGHHOSUHIDFLRD'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHP\DVDOHQDQXHVWURSDVRORVGL
YHUVRVLQWHUHVHVTXHHVWHWUDWDGRGHWHRUtDPXVLFDOSXEOLFDGRHQVXVFLWD
FRQRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDV<IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHVDOHDQXHVWURHQFXHQWURODUHODFLyQ
PHGXODUTXHEXVFDPRVHQHVWDQXHYDHGLFLyQGH(GDGGH2UR
6yORSXHGHGHFLUVHGHOKRPEUHTXHFDQWD\KDEODSRUTXHGHORV
GHPiVDQLPDOHVFXDQGRVHGLFHTXHFDQWDQHVSRUDQDORJtD\VHPH
MDQ]DGHODPLVPDPDQHUDTXHWDPELpQGHORVSUDGRV\GHORVDUUR\RV
VHGLFHTXHUtHQ3XHVELHQSDUDHMHUFHUHVWRVGRVRÀFLRVGHFDQWDU\
KDEODU\DGHVGHPX\DQWLJXRVHYLRODQHFHVLGDGGHXQLUHOHVWXGLR
GHODP~VLFDDOGHODJUDPiWLFD
(O OLEUR VH LPSULPLy HQ 6DODPDQFD HQ OD LPSUHQWD GH 0DWKLDV *DVWLXV (Q OD PLVPD FLXGDG
UHDSDUHFHUiXQDVHJXQGDHGLFLyQGHODREUDHQHQODLPSUHQWDGH&RUQHOLR%RQDUGRVLQQLQJ~QWLSR
GHYDULDQWHV\VLQFRUUHFFLyQGHHUUDWDV&RQWDPRVFRQXQDHGLFLyQIDFVtPLOSUHSDUDGDSRU0DFDULR6DQ
WLDJR.DVWQHU.DVVHO%lUHQUHLWHU9HUODJ'iPDVR*DUFtD)UDLOHQRVLQIRUPDTXHHQ6DOLQDV
\DKDEtDWHUPLQDGRGHHVFULELUVXREUDVHJ~Q©VHGHGXFHGHODOHFWXUDGHO/LEURGHYLVLWDVGHFiWHGUDV
GRQGHVHFLWDQH[DFWDPHQWHORVFDStWXORVGHODREUDGH6DOLQDVFRPRWHPDVTXHVHHVWiQH[SOLFDQGRHQ
VXFODVHVHJ~QLQIRUPHGHOPLVPR5HFWRUGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGª(OVLJORGHIUD\/XLVGH/HyQ6DODPDQFD
\HO5HQDFLPLHQWR0DGULG0LQLVWHULRGH&XOWXUD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFDSiJ
)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV6LHWHOLEURVVREUHODP~VLFDYHUVLyQFDVWHOODQDGH,VPDHO)HUQiQGH]GHOD
&XHVWD0DGULG(GLWRULDO$OSXHUWRSiJ$SDUWLUGHDTXtLQGLFDUHPRVHOQ~PHURGHSiJLQDWUDV
FDGDFLWDGHHVWDYHUVLyQ
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
*UDPiWLFD\P~VLFDVHUiQSDUD)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV%XUJRV6DODPDQFD
GRV FLHQFLDV KHUPDQDGDV HQ DQDORJtD GH SDODEUDV VtODEDV \ RUDFLRQHV
FRQVRQLGRVLQWHUYDORV\FRQVRQDQFLDVSHURWUDVDÀUPDUPHWRQtPLFDPHQWHOD
FRQWLJLGDGSDVDDUHFRQRFHUODVGLIHUHQFLDV6LODSULPHUD©HVWiEDVDGDDQWHWRGR
HQODDXWRULGDGGHORVYLHMRVDXWRUHVTXHKDEODURQ\HVFULELHURQFRQFRUUHFFLyQª
SiJODVHJXQGDHQDUJXPHQWRVPDWHPiWLFRVLUUHIXWDEOHV\HVXQDGLVFLSOLQD
VXEDOWHUQDGHODDULWPpWLFD'HVGHHVWDGREOHUHODFLyQGHVHPHMDQ]D\GLIHUHQFLD
TXHUHPRVGHWHQHUQRVHQFXDWURDVSHFWRVGHHVWHWUDWDGRPXVLFDO©GXUDQWHWDQWRV\
WDQODUJRVDxRVSUHSDUDGRªSiJODOHFFLyQKXPDQLVWDTXHVHGHVSUHQGHGHVX
PpWRGRGHWUDEDMRDWUDYpVGHOWySLFRLQWHUSUHWDWLRDXFWRUXPODIXQGDPHQWDFLyQ
WHyULFD HQ WRUQR D OD GLYLVLyQ GH OD P~VLFD ODV UHODFLRQHV HQWUH ULWPR SRpWLFR
\PXVLFDO\HOWHVWLPRQLRTXHHOWUDWDGRGH6DOLQDVQRVRIUHFHVREUH©UXVWLFDH
FDQWLRQLV+LVSDQLªDODDOWXUDGHODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,
6DOLQDV HQ VX LPSUHVLRQDQWH SUHIDFLR D HVWRV 6LHWH OLEURV VREUH OD P~VLFD
QRVTXLHUHKDFHUSDUWtFLSHVGHODKLVWRULDLQWHUQD\HOPRGRGHFRQIHFFLyQGHVX
WUDWDGRLQWURGXFLpQGRQRVDVtHQVXWDOOHUKXPDQLVWD
<RSRUPLSDUWHFDVLGHVGHODPLVPDLQIDQFLDGLULJtPLVHVIXHU]RV
KDFLDODP~VLFDGXUDQWHWRGDODYLGD3XHVDOKDEHUTXHGDGRFLHJRFRQ
ODOHFKHLQIHFWDGDGHORVSHFKRVGHODQRGUL]D\WUDVKDEHUDSOLFDGR
ORV UHPHGLRV GLVSRQLEOHV SXHVWR TXH QR VXUJtD QLQJXQD HVSHUDQ]D
GHUHFXSHUDUODYLVWDDPLVSDGUHVQROHVSDUHFLyPiVKRQUDGD\~WLO
QLQJXQD DFWLYLGDG HQ OD TXH TXLVLHUDQ TXH \R IXHUD LQVWUXLGR GH OD
PHMRUPDQHUDSRVLEOHTXHODTXHSXHGHDSUHQGHUVHDWUDYpVGHORtGR
HO VHJXQGR PHMRU VHUYLGRU GHO DOPD TXH FXHQWD FRQ HO SRGHU GH OD
UD]yQ 0H SDVp SXHV WRGR HO WLHPSR QR VRODPHQWH SUDFWLFDQGR HO
FDQWRVLQRVREUHWRGRWRFDQGRHOyUJDQR/RTXHDSURYHFKpRWURVOR
GLUiQSiJ
(OHSLVRGLRDXWRELRJUiÀFRFHQWUDOGHOOLEURODFHJXHUDTXHYDDGHWHUPLQDU
VXSURIHVLyQGHP~VLFRVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQDUJXPHQWRPiVFRQHOTXHHPSUHQGHU
VXGHEDWHFRQWUDWRGRVORVDUJXPHQWRVGHDXWRULGDG\DTXHODFHJXHUDOHREOLJy
DDJX]DUHORtGR(OELQRPLRRtGR\UD]yQVHUiGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDHQVXWHRUtD
\HQVXÀOLDFLyQGHQWURGHODWUDGLFLyQPXVLFDO6DOLQDVHQODOtQHDGHODWHRUtD
PXVLFDODULVWR[pQLFDIXHXQSLRQHURGHQWURGHODWUDGLFLyQUHQDFHQWLVWDHQGH
PRVWUDUFyPRGHEHQHQOD]DUVHODUD]yQ\ORVVHQWLGRVHQODFLHQFLDGHODP~VLFD
&LWRDKRUDSRUODWUDGXFFLyQGH--DYLHU*ROGiUD]*DtQ]D©(VWXGLR3UHOLPLQDUªHQ)UDQFLVFR
6DOLQDV0XVLFHVOLEHUWHUWLXV0DGULG21&(\%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOSiJ
&IU32WDROD*RQ]iOH](OKXPDQLVPRPXVLFDOHQ)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV3DPSORQD1HZERRNV
(GLFLRQHVSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
(VWDFRQFLOLDFLyQHVWXYRDGHPiVHVWUHFKDPHQWHYLQFXODGDFRQVXGREOHIDFHWDGH
P~VLFRSUiFWLFRFDQWRU\GHWHyULFRPXVLFXV(QHVWHVHQWLGRVLJXHDÀUPDQGR
GHVGHHOOLEUR,©7DQQHFHVDULRHVHORtGRSDUDODP~VLFDFRPRODUD]yQ$PERV
VRQ DEVROXWDPHQWH LPSUHVFLQGLEOHV >«@ (O RtGR DQWH WRGR SRQH D SUXHED ORV
VRQLGRV\ODUD]yQODUHODFLyQQXPpULFDGHORVPLVPRVªSiJV
$XQDU \ UHFRQFLOLDU OD SUiFWLFD GH OD P~VLFD \ OD HVSHFXODFLyQ VREUH HOOD
VHUiQ ODV GRV FXHVWLRQHV SULQFLSDOHV GH VX HMHPSODULGDG KXPDQLVWD (Q RWURV
WpUPLQRVVXVDUJXPHQWRVQRVyORYDQDSURFHGHUGHODDXWRULGDGVLQRWDPELpQ
³\IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH³GHODH[SHULHQFLD6DOLQDVVHDFRJHUiDODVDXWRULGDGHV
DQWLJXDV SHUR WDPELpQ SROHPL]DUi FRQ HOODV GHVGH OD VHJXULGDG TXH OH EULQGD
VXH[SHULHQFLDHQODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO(VWDWHQVLyQIHOL]PHQWHUHVXHOWDHQWUH
GRFWULQD\H[SHULHQFLDVHUiODSDUWLFXODUOHFFLyQKXPDQLVWDGHOPDHVWUR6DOLQDV
(Q HVWD OtQHD VLWXDPRV RWUD QXHYD UHIHUHQFLD ELRJUiÀFD HQ HO SUHIDFLR D 'H
P~VLFDVXHVWDQFLDHQ5RPD\VXVOHFWXUDVHQOD%LEOLRWHFD9DWLFDQD
9LQH FRQ pO >GRQ 3HGUR *yPH] 6DUPLHQWR@ D 5RPD PiV SDUD
DSUHQGHU TXH SDUD HQULTXHFHUPH$TXt WUDWDQGR FRQ WDQWRV HUXGLWRV
FRPR VLHPSUH KD\ PH OOHQp GH YHUJHQ]D DO GDUPH FXHQWD GH TXH
QRVDEtDQDGDGHODUWHTXHSURIHVDEDQLWDPSRFRSRGtDSUHVHQWDUHQ
S~EOLFRFXDQWRKDEtDDSUHQGLGR<DSUHQGtTXHWDPELpQDODP~VLFDVH
SXHGHDSOLFDUORTXH9LWUXELRGLFHFRQWDQWDUD]yQGHODDUTXLWHFWXUDD
VDEHUTXHORVTXHLQWHQWDQHMHUFLWDUVHVyORPDQXDOPHQWHVLQHVWXGLDU
QRSXHGHQUHDOL]DUQDGDHÀFD]PHQWH<ORVTXHFRQItDQWDQVyORHQOD
WHRUtD\HQODVOHWUDVGDQODLPSUHVLyQTXHSHUVLJXHQODVRPEUD\QROD
UHDOLGDG3RUÀQORVTXHDSUHQGHQXQD\RWUDFRVD>«@OOHJDQDFRQ
VHJXLUSURQWRXQDJUDQDXWRULGDGHQORTXHSURSXVLHURQSiJ
3DUDGyMLFDPHQWH )UDQFLVFR 6DOLQDV HV KR\ PiV FRQRFLGR ³DO PHQRV SDUD
ORV TXH QRV GHGLFDPRV D OD OLWHUDWXUD³ SRU ORV FRPHQWDULRV YHUWLGRV SRU VXV
FRQWHPSRUiQHRVVREUHVXVFXDOLGDGHVH[WUHPDGDVFRPRP~VLFRSUiFWLFR/pDQVH
ORVWHVWLPRQLRVGHIUD\/XLVGH/HyQHQVX©RGD,,,ª9LFHQWH(VSLQHOHQOD9LGD
'HVSXpVGHVXVHVWXGLRVHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFDGHO©JULHJRODVDUWHV\ODÀORVRItDª
SiJTXHDOSDUHFHUQRSXGRWHUPLQDU©SRUIDOWDGHGLQHURHQPLIDPLOLDªSiJ)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV
VHPDUFKyDODFRUWH\VHSXVREDMRODSURWHFFLyQGHVXSDULHQWHGRQ3HGUR*yPH]GH6DUPLHQWRTXH
DOVHUQRPEUDGRHQDU]RELVSRGH6DQWLDJRIXHDFRPSDxDGRSRU6DOLQDVDOOtFRQRFHUiDOGHVWDFDGR
RUJDQLVWD GH pSRFD 'LRQLVR 0HPPR (Q *yPH] 6DUPLHQWR IXH QRPEUDGR FDUGHQDO \ KXER GH
WUDVODGDUVH D 5RPD OOHYiQGRVH QXHYDPHQWH D VX SURWHJLGR$ HVWDV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV DOXGH HO SUHVHQWH
IUDJPHQWR9LG,VPDHO)HUQiQGH]GHOD&XHVWD©,QWURGXFFLyQªHQ)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV6LHWHOLEURVVREUH
ODP~VLFDRSFLWSiJV\--DYLHU*ROGiUD]*DtQ]D©(VWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUªRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
GHOHVFXGHUR0DUFRVGH2EUHJyQ\HOFURQLVWD$PEURVLRGH0RUDOHVHQHOOLEUR
;9FDStWXORGHVX&UyQLFD3DUDGyMLFDPHQWH6DOLQDVHVPiVFRQRFLGRSRU
XQDYHUWLHQWHGHODTXHQRFRQVHUYDPRVQDGDVDOYRHOWHVWLPRQLRGHODPHPR
ULDGHDTXHOORVTXHHVFXFKDURQVXP~VLFD&RQUHVSHFWRDVXGHFLVLYDYHUWLHQWH
HVSHFXODWLYDODHGLFLyQ\UHHGLFLyQGHVXREUDKDVLGRODPHQWDEOHPHQWHWDUGtD
SHVH D OD GLIXVLyQ TXH DOFDQ]y HQWUH VXV FRQWHPSRUiQHRV WDQWR HQ ,WDOLD SRU
VX SROpPLFD FRQ =DUOLQR \ HQ$OHPDQLD SRU VX GLVFtSXOR *DVSDU 6WRFNHU
FRPR SRVWHULRUPHQWH HQ ,QJODWHUUD SRU ORV KLVWRULDGRUHV %XUQH\ \ +DZNLQV
'HVGHODVHJXQGDHGLFLyQGH'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHPHQKHPRVGHHVSHUDU
D OD VHJXQGD PLWDG GHO VLJOR ;; SDUD TXH YROYLHUD D UHHGLWDUVH 0H UHÀHUR D
ODHGLFLyQIDFVtPLOGH0DFDULR6DQWLDJR.DVWQHURDODSULPHUDYHUVLyQ
HQFDVWHOODQRGH,VPDHO)HUQiQGH]&XHVWD<KHPRVGHHVSHUDUD
SDUDTXHVHSXEOLFDUDSRUSULPHUDYH]HOOLEURWHUFHURGH0XVLFHVOLEHUWHUWLXV
PDQXVFULWR IHFKDGR HQ HQ OD H[FHOHQWH HGLFLyQ ELOLQJH GH$QWRQLR
0RUHQR+HUQiQGH]
)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVVHJDQyODYLGDFRQGLVWLQWRVFDUJRVGHRUJDQLVWDORTXH
OHOOHYDUiD,WDOLDGXUDQWHYHLQWLWUpVIUXFWtIHURVDxRV\DTXHDOOtWXYROD©RSRU
WXQLGDGGHHVWXGLDUDIRQGRODWHRUtDPXVLFDOJULHJDJUDFLDVDODFRQVXOWDGLUHFWD
©9LDO$EDG6DOLQDVHOFLHJRHOPiVGRFWRYDUyQHQP~VLFDHVSHFXODWLYDTXHKDFRQRFLGROD
DQWLJHGDGQRVRODPHQWHHQHOJpQHURGLDWyQLFR\FURPiWLFRVLQRWDPELpQHQHODUPyQLFRGHTXLHQWDQ
SRFDQRWLFLDVHWLHQHKR\ª5HODFLyQSULPHUDGHODYLGDGHOHVFXGHUR0DUFRVGH2EUHJyQGHVFDQVRXQ
GpFLPRHGGH06ROHGDG&DUUDVFR8UJRLWL0DGULG&DVWDOLDYRO,SiJV©>«@3UHJXQWy
XQR TXH FyPR OD P~VLFD QR KDFtD DKRUD HO PLVPR HIHFWR TXH VROtD KDFHU DQWLJXDPHQWH VXVSHQGLHQGR
ORViQLPRV\FRQYLUWLpQGRORVDWUDQVIRUPDUVHHQORVPLVPRVFRQFHSWRVTXHLEDQFDQWDQGR>«@'LMH\R
DHVWR¶/RPLVPRVHSXHGHKDFHUDKRUD\VHKDFH·5HSOLFyPHGLFLHQGRTXHGHVSXpVTXHVHSHUGLyHO
JpQHURHQKDUPyQLFRQRVHSRGtDKDFHU'LMH\R¶&RQHOJpQHURHQKDUPyQLFRPHSDUHFHTXHHUDLPSRVLEOH
KDFHUVHSRUTXHFRPRODH[FHOHQFLDGHHVHJpQHURFRQVLVWHHQODGLYLVLyQGHVHPLWRQRV\GLHVHVQRSXHGH
ODYR]KXPDQDREHGHFHUDWDQWRVVHPLWRQRV\GLHVHVFRPRDTXHOJpQHURWLHQH<DVtDTXHOSUtQFLSHGHOD
P~VLFDHODEDG6DOLQDVTXHORUHVXFLWyVRODPHQWHORGHMyHQXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHWHFODSDUHFLpQGROHTXH
ODYR]KXPDQDFRQJUDQWUDEDMR\GLÀFXOWDGSRGtDREHGHFHUOR<ROHYLWDxHUHOLQVWUXPHQWRGHWHFODTXH
GHMyHQ6DODPDQFDHQTXHKDFtDPLODJURVFRQODVPDQRVSHURQROHYLUHGXFLOORDTXHYRFHVKXPDQDVOR
HMHFXWDVHQKDELHQGRHQHOFRURGH6DODPDQFDHQDTXHOWLHPSRJUDQGHVFDQWRUHVGHYRFHV\KDELOLGDGª
5HODFLyQWHUFHUDGHODYLGDGHOHVFXGHUR0DUFRVGH2EUHJyQGHVFDQVRTXLQWRHGFLWYRO,,SiJV
7HQtD©WDQSURIXQGDLQWHOLJHQFLDHQODP~VLFDªTXHpOYLR©SRQHUHQSHTXHxRHVSDFLRHQORV
iQLPRV GLIHUHQWtVLPRV PRYLPLHQWRV GH WULVWH]D \ DOHJUtD GH tPSHWX \ GH UHSRVR FRQ WDQWD IXHU]D TXH
\DQRPHHVSDQWDORTXH3LWiJRUDVHVFULEHQKDFtDFRQODP~VLFDQLORTXH6DQ$JXVWtQGLFHVHSXHGH
KDFHUFRQHOODªFLWHQ/XLV0RUDOHV2OLYHU©/DP~VLFDGH6DOLQDVHQODSRHVtDGHIUD\/XLVGH/HyQª
&XDGHUQRVSDUDLQYHVWLJDFLyQGH/LWHUDWXUD+LVSiQLFDSiJVSiJ
(OMHVXLWD$QWRQLR([LPHQR\3XMDGHVHQ'RQ/D]DULOOR9L]FDUGLQRYHODVDWtULFD
LQVSLUDGDHQODORFXUDGHGRQ4XLMRWHFRQWUDORVPDQLiWLFRVGHODP~VLFD\TXHTXHGyLQpGLWDKDVWD
WDOYH]DSXQWHDODLQFRPSUHQVLEOHUD]yQGHODHVFDVDGLIXVLyQGHODYHUWLHQWHHVSHFXODWLYDGH)UDQFLVFR
6DOLQDV©6XODWtQQRHVGHEUHYLDULRªFLWSRU,VPDHO)HUQiQGH]GHOD&XHVWDHQ©3UyORJRª0XVLFHV
/LEHU7HUWLXVRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
GHORVWUDWDGLVWDVPXVLFDOHVGHOD$QWLJHGDG7RORPHR$UtVWLGHV4XLQWLOLDQR
$ULVWy[HQR DSDUWH GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV WH[WRV ODWLQRV GH$JXVWtQ \ GH %RHFLR
DOJRTXHTXHGDEDGHVWLQDGRDPX\SRFRVª(QUHJUHVDD(VSDxDGRQGHOR
YHUHPRVQXHYDPHQWHGHRUJDQLVWDHQ6LJHQ]D\HQOD&DWHGUDOGH/HyQKDVWD
ODREWHQFLyQGHVXFiWHGUDGHP~VLFDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFDHQ
(OJUDQFHQWURGHOKXPDQLVPRHVSDxROVHUiVXGHÀQLWLYRGHVWLQR(VWDVHJXQGD
HWDSD GH VX YLGD GHGLFDGD D OD HQVHxDQ]D GH OD P~VLFD HVSHFXODWLYD DXQTXH
QXQFD DEDQGRQDUi VX DFWLYLGDG FRPR RUJDQLVWD GDUi FRPR IUXWR VX WUDWDGR
'H PXVLFD OLEUL VHSWHP 8QD YH] LQVWDODGR HQ VX FiWHGUD 6DOLQDV FRQVWDWD OD
SRVWUDFLyQ TXH KD VXIULGR OD P~VLFD HQ (VSDxD HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ HO UHQDFHU GH
RWUDV©EXHQDVDUWHVªHQORVQXHYRVWLHPSRV©7HQJRGHUHFKRDTXHMDUPHGHTXH
VRODPHQWHODP~VLFDKDTXHGDGRUH]DJDGD>«@+HPRVHQFRQWUDGRHQWUHQRVRWURV
DJHQWHLQWHUHVDGDSHURPiVFRQVXVEXHQRVGHVHRVTXHFRQVXUHDOLGDGHVªSiJ
6DOLQDVVHTXHMDGHOJUDQHVIXHU]RLQWHOHFWXDOTXHUHTXHUtDODSUHSDUDFLyQ
GHODVFODVHVFXDQGRHUDQWDQSRFRVORVDOXPQRVTXHWHQtDQRUPDOPHQWHHQHO
DXODGDGRTXH©QRHVPXFKDODJDQDQFLDTXHUHSRUWDHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHHVWD
PDWHULDªSiJ\HQWUHORVHOHJLGRV©DSHQDVXQRRGRVDVLVWHQDODVFODVHV
FRQLQWHUpVGHDSUHQGHU>«@3RUHVWDUD]yQDOHQWpHOGHVHRGHHQVHxDUWDPELpQ
OR TXH VDEtD D ORV DXVHQWHV \ D ORV TXH LEDQ D YHQLU GHWUiV GH Pt SXEOLFDQGR
WRGRORTXHKDFtDFRQXWLOLGDG\GLGiFWLFDPHQWHªSiJ
6XPpWRGRFRQVLVWLUiHQSULPHUOXJDUHQUHRUGHQDUVXELEOLRWHFDFRPSXHVWD
IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHSRUVXVOHFWXUDVHQOD%LEOLRWHFD9DWLFDQD+D\TXHGHWHQHUVH
HQODDFWLWXGGH6DOLQDVDQWHHVWDVOHFWXUDVSRUTXHHVHMHPSODUPHQWHKXPDQLVWD
8QDDFWLWXGGHÀQLGDWDQWRSRUHOUHVSHWR©TXHQRVHPHDFXVDVHGHTXH\RTXHUtD
GHFLUFRPRQXHYRORTXH\DKDEtDQGLFKRWDQWRV\WDQJUDYHVDXWRUHVJULHJRV\
ODWLQRVªSiJFRPRSRUODUHYLVLyQGHOSUHVWLJLRGHOPXQGRDQWLJXR©YHU\
FRUUHJLUORIDOVRTXHSXGLHUDQFRQWHQHURODLQFXULDGHORVFRSLVWDVHLPSUHVRUHV
RODFRUUXSFLyQTXHSURGXFHHOWLHPSRVHJ~QODVRSLQLRQHVGHRWURVDXWRUHV\
VHJ~QODSURSLDOyJLFDGHOWHPDªFXUVLYDQXHVWUDSiJ<HVWDGREOHFRQ
FLHQFLDHMHPSOLÀFDGDHQHOPDHVWUR6DOLQDVGHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODDXWRULGDG
GHORVFOiVLFRVSHURWDPELpQGHODLQDGHFXDFLyQHQWUHODVWHRUtDVDQWLJXDVFRQ
OD SUiFWLFD FRQFUHWD \ GH OD FRUUXSFLyQ TXH SURGXFH HO WLHPSR HV OD TXH YD D
SHUPLWLU XQD UHQRYDFLyQ GH ORV JpQHURV OLWHUDULRV \ GHO LQJHQLR HVSHFXODWLYR
HQ HO GHVSHUWDU GHO VXHxR KXPDQLVWD GHO 5HQDFLPLHQWR HVSDxRO$Vt 6DOLQDV
WUDV HVFXGULxDU DTXHOORV WUDWDGRV DQWLJXRV DÀUPD ©QR PH DWUHYR D QHJDU TXH
DOJXQRVHQWUHHOORVIXHURQVXPDPHQWHSHULWRVHQP~VLFDªSHURWDPELpQ©GHER
DÀUPDU FRQ SOHQD FRQFLHQFLD GH OR TXH GLJR TXH QLQJXQR GH ORV FRQVLGHUD
--DYLHU*ROGiUD]*DtQ]D©(VWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUªRSFLWSiJ
9LG'RPLQJR<QGXUiLQ(OGHVFXEULPLHQWRGHODOLWHUDWXUDHQHO5HQDFLPLHQWRHVSDxRO0DGULG
%LEOLRWHFD1XHYD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
GRVFRPRHVFULWRUHVVREUHHVWDGLVFLSOLQDOOHJDURQDDJRWDUWRGRVORVQ~PHURV
DO HQVHxDU VX GRFWULQD >«@ 'H OD FRPSDUDFLyQ GH OR QXHVWUR FRQ OR GH HOORV
SRGUi VDOLU HVFODUHFLGD OD YHUGDG +D\ TXH DxDGLU D HVWR TXH PRGHUQDPHQWH
XWLOL]DPRVLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHWRGDYtDORVDQWLJXRVQRFRQRFtDQRFX\RVQRPEUHV
LJQRUDPRVQRVRWURVªFXUVLYDQXHVWUDSiJV(VSHFLDOPHQWHLOXVWUDWLYR
HQHVWHVHQWLGRVHUiVXUHVSHWXRVRGHVSHJXHGHODWUDGLFLyQSLWDJyULFRERHFLDQD
UHSUHVHQWDGDSRUHOLQFRPSOHWR'HLQVWLWXWLRQHOLEULTXLQTXHGHVGHHOTXHVLWXDUi
VXSURSLRWUDWDGRPXVLFDO
%RHFLR>«@HVWRWDOPHQWHSLWDJyULFR(QVXVGRVOLEURVGH$ULWPp
WLFD\HQVXVFXDWURSULPHURVGHVX0~VLFDVLJXLHQGRD1LFyPDFR
WDQVyORVHGHGLFDDH[SRQHUODRSLQLyQGH3LWiJRUDV(OTXLQWRSRUHO
FRQWUDULRHQHOTXHVHSURSXVRRIUHFHUODVRSLQLRQHVGHRWURVDXWRUHV
HQ ODV FXDOHV KD\ GLYHUJHQFLDV OR GHMy VLQ WHUPLQDU FXDQGR HVWDED
GDQGRXQMXLFLRPX\VXWLOVREUHHOORVSRUTXHOHVREUHYLQRODPXHUWH
RHVWXYRDIHFWDGRSRUXQDGHVJUDFLD'HKDEHUORDFDEDGRWDOYH]QRV
KXELHUDOLEUDGRGHOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRSiJ
7RGDODELEOLRJUDItDVREUH'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHPKDUHFRQRFLGRGHFRP~Q
DFXHUGR HO DOWR JUDGR GH VLJQLÀFDFLyQ GH HVWH WUDWDGR WDQWR SDUD OD HUXGLFLyQ
PXVLFDOFRPRSDUDODFXOWXUDKXPDQLVWD(QHVWHVHQWLGR6DOLQDVQRVUHFRUGDUi
GHVGH VX SUHIDFLR TXH TXLHQ TXLHUD OOHJDU D XQ FRQRFLPLHQWR SUHFLVR GH HVWD
PDWHULDGHEHUiHVWDUYHUVDGRHQP~VLFDSUiFWLFDDULWPpWLFDJHRPHWUtDODOHQJXD
JULHJD\ODSRpWLFD1RVLQWHUHVDQHVWDVGRV~OWLPDVGLVFLSOLQDV
0XFKRVGHORVWpUPLQRVTXHXVDHVWDFLHQFLDVRQJULHJRV<DGH
PiVKDEUiGHUHYLVDUWRGRVORVDXWRUHVTXHKDQHVFULWRVREUHHVWHDUWH
JULHJRV HQ VX PD\RUtD VL H[FHSWXDPRV D %RHFLR \ D 6DQ$JXVWtQ
TXLHQHV HVFULELHURQ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH VREUH OD DUPRQtD \ OD UtWPLFD
WUDGXFLHQGRDOODWtQODGRFWULQDGHORVJULHJRV3XHVORVDQWLJXRVOD
WLQRV HVFULELHURQ SRFR VREUH HVWH WHPD /RV PiV PRGHUQRV PXFKR
SHUR VLQ GHFLU DSHQDV QDGD QXHYR< SRU OR TXH VH UHÀHUH DO ULWPR
SDUDHQWHQGHUORFRPRHVGHELGRHVPX\FRQYHQLHQWHVDEHUEDVWDQWHGH
9pDQVHHQWUHRWURV00HQpQGH]3HOD\R+LVWRULDGHODVLGHDVHVWpWLFDVHQ(VSDxD0DGULG
9LFWRULDQR6XiUH]''HYRWR©+XPDQLVPHPXVLFRORJLHHWKLVWRLUHOLWWpUDLUH1HEULMDHW
6DOLQDVªHQ$5HGRQGRHG/·KXPDQLVPHGDQVOHVOHWWUHVHVSDJQROHV3DUtV/LE3KLORVRSKLTXH
-9ULQSiJV/0RUDOHV2OLYHU©/DP~VLFDGH6DOLQDVHQODSRHVtDGHIUD\/XLVGH/HyQª
RSFLWSiJV&93DOLVFD©)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVDV+XPDQLVWª(&DVDUHV5RGLFLR
\RWURVHGV&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDO©(VSDxDHQODP~VLFDGH2FFLGHQWHª0DGULG,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDO
GHODV$UWHV(VFpQLFDV\GHOD0~VLFDYRO,SiJV32WDROD*RQ]iOH](OKXPDQLVPR
PXVLFDOHQ)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVRSFLW
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
SRpWLFDGHPRGRTXHVHSXHGDMX]JDUFRQPiVSHUIHFFLyQ\XWLOLGDG
ODP~OWLSOHYDULHGDGGHOPHWUR\GHORVYHUVRVDQDOL]DQGRODVREUDV
GHORVGLYHUVRVSRHWDVSiJ
3DUD6DOLQDVHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODOHQJXDJULHJDLQLFLDGRHQVXHWDSDMXYH
QLO HQ OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 6DODPDQFD IXH IXQGDPHQWDO HQ XQD pSRFD HQ TXH OD
WUDGLFLyQPXVLFDOHQGLFKDOHQJXDQRHVWDEDWUDGXFLGDRPDOWUDGXFLGDDWUDYpV
GHODVIXHQWHVODWLQDV<FRQUHVSHFWRDVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHSRpWLFD\PpWUL
FDYpDQVHORVOLEURV9,\9,,GHQXHVWURWUDWDGRGRQGHDYHFHVOOHJDLQFOXVR
DGXGDUGHOSURSLR1HEULMD(QHOFDStWXORGHGLFDGRDORVPHWURVGDFWtOLFRV\
VXVHVSHFLHVGHOOLEUR9,FRPHQWD
$XQTXHQRIDOWDQTXLHQHVOODPHQFRULiPELFRDHVWHPRQyPHWURQR
GHEHPRVLQFXUULUHQHVWHHUURU1RREVWDHOTXHDPERVWHQJDQODPLVPD
FDQWLGDGVLFDPELDODPHGLGDGHOFRPSiV6HOODPDWDPELpQDGyQLFR
\D VHD SRUTXH VH XVDED IUHFXHQWHPHQWH HQ ODV ÀHVWDV GH$GRQLV \D
VHD VL HV YHUGDG OR TXH GLFH$QWRQLR GH 1HEULMD SRUTXH OR LQYHQWy
XQSRHWDOODPDGR$GRQLVSiJ
/RV6LHWHOLEURVVREUHODP~VLFDHVWiQHVWUXFWXUDGRVHQGRVSDUWHVTXHFR
UUHVSRQGHQ D ODV GRV GLVFLSOLQDV HQ ODV TXH VH GLYLGtD OD WHRUtD PXVLFDO GHVGH
OD$QWLJHGDGFOiVLFDOD$UPyQLFD\OD5tWPLFDDODSULPHUDGHGLFDORVOLEURV
,,,,,\,9DODVHJXQGDORVWUHVVLJXLHQWHV\DPEDVHVWiQSURORJDGDVSRUOD
$ULWPpWLFDHQHOOLEUR,$QRVRWURVQRVLQWHUHVDSRUVXVLPSOLFDFLRQHVOLWHUDULDV
ODGLYLVLyQTXHSURSRQHGHODP~VLFDHQHOOLEUR,ODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHHOULWPR
SRpWLFR\HOULWPRPXVLFDOHQORVOLEURV9\9,\HOFRQWUDSXQWRHQWUHPHWURV
ODWLQRV\FDVWHOODQRVHQODFODVLÀFDFLyQGHORVPLVPRVVHJ~QVXVJpQHURV\HV
SHFLHVHQORVOLEURV9,\9,,
',9,6,Ð1 '( /$ 0Ô6,&$
&RPR HUD KDELWXDO DO LQLFLR GH ORV WUDWDGRV PHGLHYDOHV \ UHQDFHQWLVWDV HO
SULPHUFDStWXORGHOOLEUR,ORGHGLFD6DOLQDVDODGLYLVLyQGHODP~VLFD(OWySLFR
VHUHPRQWDDO\DPHQFLRQDGR'HLQVWLWXWLRQHPXVLFDHOLEULTXLQTXHGH%RHFLR
6HYHULQRTXLHQGLYLGHODP~VLFDHQPXQGDQDKXPDQDHLQVWUXPHQWDO/DP~VLFD
PXQGDQDRFyVPLFDKDFHUHIHUHQFLD©DODDUPRQtDTXHH[LVWHHQWRGRHOXQLYHU
VRªSiJ©DODDGPLUDEOHRUGHQDFLyQ\ULWPRGHORVGLYHUVRVPRYLPLHQWRV
GHORVFXHUSRVFHOHVWHVªSiJDOFXUVRFRQFRUGDQWHGHODVHVWDFLRQHV\DOD
Anterior
9LG--DYLHU*ROGiUD]*DLQ]D©(VWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUªRSFLWSiJ
9LG,VPDHO)HUQiQGH]&XHVWD©,QWURGXFFLyQª6LHWHOLEURVVREUHODP~VLFDRSFLWSiJ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
SURSRUFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQWUHORVHOHPHQWRVQDWXUDOHV/DP~VLFDKXPDQDFRQVWL
WX\HHOUHÁHMRGHDTXHOODHQHOPLFURFRVPRVGHOKRPEUH©HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQOD
FRQMXQFLyQGHODOPD\HOFXHUSRDVtFRPRHQODGLVSRVLFLyQRUGHQDGDGHWRGDV
\FDGDXQDGHODVSDUWHVGHODOPDªSiJ/DP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDOHVODTXH
RULJLQDQ ODV YRFHV \ ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV PXVLFDOHV 7DO FRPR VHxDOD *ROGiUD]
*DtQ]D©WUDVHOUHODWLYRHVFHSWLFLVPRKDFLDODVP~VLFDVPXQGDQD\KXPDQDHQ
ORVVLJORV;,,,\;,9HQHOVLJOR;9DSDUHFHXQDQXHYDUHYDORUDFLyQGHpVWDV
GHELGRDODOHFWXUDGH%RHFLR\HODXJHGHOSODWRQLVPRUHQDFHQWLVWDªSDWHQWH
HQWHyULFRVFRPR0DUVLOLR)LFLQR\*LRVHIIR=DUOLQR3HURHVWDYHUWLHQWHSLWDJy
ULFDERHFLDQDWDPELpQWXYRVXVGHWUDFWRUHV©FRPRHOPDHVWUR6DOLQDVTXLHQVH
DSR\DEDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQHO'H&DHORGH$ULVWyWHOHVSDUDQHJDUODH[LVWHQFLD
GHXQDP~VLFDSXUDPHQWHUDFLRQDOHLQDXGLEOHª
/DGLYLVLyQTXHGHÀHQGH6DOLQDVQRVFRQÀUPDVXWDODQWHSUDJPiWLFR\HPSt
ULFRSURSLRGHTXLHQWUDWyGHDUPRQL]DUODHVSHFXODFLyQPXVLFDOFRQVXIDFHWD
GH P~VLFR SUiFWLFR \ HO ELQRPLR RtGRUD]yQ 6DOLQDV SURSRQH XQD GLYLVLyQ GH
ODP~VLFDVHJ~QHVFDSWDGDSRUORVVHQWLGRVSRUODLQWHOLJHQFLDRSRUDPERV
/D P~VLFD FDSWDGD SRU ORV VHQWLGRV TXHGD HMHPSOLÀFDGD HQ HO FDQWR GH ORV
SiMDURV©6HR\HFLHUWDPHQWHFRQDJUDGRSHURHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRQRWLHQHQDGD
TXHFRQVLGHUDUHQpOSXHVWRTXHQRKD\HQpOQLQJXQDUD]yQDUPyQLFDªSiJ
(VSRUWDQWRXQDP~VLFDLUUDFLRQDO/DP~VLFDFDSWDGDSRUHOHQWHQGLPLHQWR
©QRSXHGHRtUVHªLELG\VHFRUUHVSRQGHFRQODP~VLFDFyVPLFD\KXPDQDHQ
OD WUDGLFLyQ SLWDJyULFD ©(V XQD P~VLFD TXH QR VH DSUHQGH HQ OD FRPELQDFLyQ
GHVRQLGRVVLQRHQODOyJLFDGHORVQ~PHURVªLELG\SRUWDQWRHVXQDP~VLFD
LQWHOHFWXDOSURSLDGHORVÀOyVRIRV\ORVDVWUyQRPRV/DP~VLFDFDSWDGDSRUHO
HQWHQGLPLHQWR\SRUORVVHQWLGRVHVODTXHORVDQWLJXRVOODPDURQP~VLFDLQVWUX
PHQWDO\VHUiODTXHFRQVWLWX\DHOREMHWRGHVXHVWXGLR(QRSLQLyQGH&ODXGH9
3DOLVFD6DOLQDVHVHOSULPHUDXWRUTXHUHSUHVHQWDXQDUHIXWDFLyQGHODWHRUtDGH
ODDUPyQLFDFyVPLFDTXHSDUDpOHVIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHXQFRQFHSWRÀORVyÀFRHQ
WRUQRDORUGHQ\DODSURSRUFLyQGHORVGLVWLQWRVHOHPHQWRVGHOPXQGR$XQTXH
QXHVWURDXWRUUHFRQR]FDXQDDUPRQtDHQORVPRYLPLHQWRVFHOHVWHV\HQODVSDUWHV
GHODOPDQRODOODPDUiP~VLFDHQFXDQWRTXHQRHVSHUFLELGDSRUHORtGR/D
FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD HQWUH ORV VHQWLGRV \ OD UD]yQ VHUi XQD SULRULGDG HQ OD FLHQFLD
PXVLFDO GHO PDHVWUR 6DOLQDV \ ©WDO SDUDOHOLVPR QR HV ~QLFDPHQWH XQ SUHFHSWR
PHWRGROyJLFR6DOLQDVFRQVXGRPLQLRGHODP~VLFDSUiFWLFD\WHyULFDFUHHHVWDU
HQ GLVSRVLFLyQ GH SUREDU TXH DPEDV VH FRUUHVSRQGHQ SHUIHFWDPHQWH DOJR TXH
DORODUJRGHO5HQDFLPLHQWR\VREUHWRGRHQ(VSDxDQRHVWDEDQDGDFODUR/D
SHUYLYHQFLDGHODVWHRUtDVGH%RHFLRGHFDUiFWHUSLWDJyULFR\ODSUiFWLFDPXVLFDO
&IU--DYLHU*ROGiUD]*DtQ]D©(VWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUªRSFLWSiJ
,ELGHP
©)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVDV+XPDQLVWªRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
QRFRQIRUPHFRQDTXpOODVH[LJtDXQUHSODQWHDPLHQWRGHWRGDODWHRUtDLQWHUYiOLFD
(VDTXtGRQGHHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHLQWHUHVDQWHODREUDGH6DOLQDVHQODH[SOLFDFLyQ
\GHWHUPLQDFLyQUDFLRQDOGHODSUiFWLFDPXVLFDOGHOVLJOR;9,ª
3HURDQRVRWURVQRVLQWHUHVDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHVWDGLYLVLyQGHODP~VLFDSUR
SXHVWD SRU 6DOLQDV SRUTXH SRGUtD WHQHU UHODFLyQ ³WDO FRPR QRV SODQWHD /XLV
,JOHVLDV)HLMRR³FRQODVXSUHVLyQGHODTXLQWDHVWURIDGHODRGDTXHOHGHGLFy
IUD\/XLVGH/HyQ
9HFyPRHOJUDQ0DHVWUR
DDTXHVWDLQPHQVDFtWDUDDSOLFDGR
FRQPRYLPLHQWRGLHVWUR
SURGXFHHOVRQVDJUDGR
FRQTXHHVWHHWHUQRWHPSORHVVXVWHQWDGR
7DQWRHQODHGLFLyQSUtQFLSHGH4XHYHGRGHFRPRHQORVPDQXVFULWRV
GHODIDPLOLDGH4XHYHGRQRDSDUHFHHVWDHVWURIDSHURVtYXHOYHDDSDUHFHUHQ
ODHGLFLyQGH0HULQRGH(QSULQFLSLRQRVSXHGHSDUHFHUHYLGHQWHTXH
ODGLYLVLyQGHODP~VLFDSURSXHVWDSRU6DOLQDVQRVHFRUUHVSRQGHFRQODVEDVHV
SODWyQLFRSLWDJyULFDVGHODWHUFHUDRGDGHOIUDLOHDJXVWLQR5HFRUGHPRVDGHPiV
ODVLJXLHQWHFLWDHQ'HPXVLFD
6L'LRVFUHDGRUGHOXQLYHUVRQRTXLVRTXHOHIDOWDVHQDGDWDP
SRFRKL]RQDGDVXSHUÁXR(VRKXELHUDVLGRODP~VLFDVLGHUDOTXHQR
KDEtDGHVHUHVFXFKDGDSRUQDGLH1LSRUORVKRPEUHVDFX\RVRtGRV
SRUPXFKDVFDXVDVQRSXHGHQOOHJDUHVRVVRQLGRVQLSRUORVHVStULWXV
TXHPXHYHQORVDVWURVSRUTXHQRWLHQHQRtGRVQLQHFHVLWDQGHHOORV
7DPSRFRFUHRSXHVTXHVHDQHFHVDULDHVWDP~VLFDGHORVDVWURV\GH
ORVHOHPHQWRVSiJV
<HQHVWHVHQWLGRSRGUtDVHUYLDEOHODKLSyWHVLVGH,JOHVLDV)HLMRR\DTXH
ODSRVLEOHVXSUHVLyQGHHVWDHVWURIDSXGLHUDGHEHUVHPiVDODFRQGHVFHQGHQFLD
--DYLHU*ROGiUD]*DtQ]DRSFLWSiJ
©/DGLVSRVLWLRGHOD©2GDD6DOLQDVªHQ9tFWRU*DUFtDGHOD&RQFKD\-DYLHU6DQ-RVp/HUD
HGV)UD\/XLVGH/HyQ+LVWRULDKXPDQLVPR\OHWUDV6DODPDQFD(GLFLRQHV8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD
SiJ
9LG$QGUH\/XPVGHQ.RXYHO©(OJUDQFLWDULVWDGHOFLHORHOFRQFHSWRUHQDFHQWLVWDGHOD¶P~VLFD
PXQGDQD·HQOD¶2GDD)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV·GH)UD\/XLVGH/HyQª$FWDVGHO9,,,&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDO
GH+LVSDQLVWDV0DGULG,VWPRW,,SiJ
7DQWR/XLV,JOHVLDV)HLMRRRSFLWFRPR$QWRQLR3ULHWR/DSRHVtDHVSDxRODGHOVLJOR;9,
0DGULG&iWHGUDYRO,,SiJFLWDQHVWHIUDJPHQWRHQUHODFLyQFRQODUHIXWDFLyQGH6DOLQDV
GHODP~VLFDFyVPLFD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
GHIUD\/XLVFRQODWHRUtDPXVLFDOGHODPLJRTXHDFXHVWLRQHVWHROyJLFDVRGH
RUWRGR[LDVREUHODLPDJHQGHO©JUDQ0DHVWURªFRPRXQ$SROR0XVDJHWHV³WDO
FRPR VH VXHOH HVSHFXODU GHVGH .DUO 9RVVOHU³ ©$FDVR SRU GHOLFDGH]D DQWH
OD RSLQLyQ GHO DPLJR D TXLHQ GHGLFDED HO SRHPD HO DXWRU GHFLGLy HOLPLQDU OD
HVWURIDSRUVXUHIHUHQFLDDO¶VRQVDJUDGR·TXHVXVWHQWDODFUHDFLyQ'HVHUDVt
ODRGDQRVyORVHUtDDQWHULRUDIHFKDGHOOLEURGH6DOLQDVVLQRTXL]iVGH
ORVSULQFLSLRVGHODDPLVWDGHQWUHDPERVFXDQGRIUD\/XLVQRKDEtDLQWLPDGR
FRQpOORVXÀFLHQWHSDUDFRQRFHUVXVWHRUtDVª6DEHPRVDGHPiVTXHDPERVVH
FRQRFLHURQHQ\TXH6DOLQDVHQGHFODUyHQHOSURFHVRLQTXLVLWRULDO
TXHIUD\/XLV©YHQtDPXFKDVYHFHVDVXFDVDGHVWHWHVWLJR\R\yGHVWHWHVWLJR
ODHVSHFXODWLYD\FRPXQLFDEDFRQHVWHWHVWLJRFRVDVGHSRHVtD\RWUDVFRVDVGH
DUWHª3HURORTXHWDPELpQQRVTXHGDFODURSRUHQFLPDGHHVWDKLSyWHVLVHV
TXHQRFDEHHQWUHORVSURSyVLWRVGHODRGDGHIUD\/XLVQLQJXQDFRQWUDGLFFLyQ
FRQODGLYLVLyQGHODP~VLFDSURSXHVWDSRU6DOLQDV\DTXHORTXHHOSRHWDGHV
FULEHQRHVODP~VLFDGHODVHVIHUDVVLQRHOSURFHVRDVFHQVLRQDOGHVGHODP~VLFD
LQVWUXPHQWDOGHOPDHVWURKDVWDODP~VLFDGLYLQD(OyUJDQRWRFDGRSRUHODPLJR
LPSXOVD HO DVFHQVR GHO DOPD KDVWD OD FHOHVWLDO DUPRQtD 5HFRUGHPRV DGHPiV
HVWDDÀUPDFLyQGH6DOLQDV©/DP~VLFD>«@QRVKDFHPiVUHOLJLRVRV>«@/D
P~VLFDTXHVHSUDFWLFDHQORVWHPSORVQRVHOHYDKDFLDODFRQWHPSODFLyQGHOR
FHOHVWLDOªSiJ
5,702 32e7,&2 < 5,702 086,&$/
8QD GH ODV PD\RUHV DFXVDFLRQHV TXH KD UHFLELGR 6DOLQDV KD VLGR OD GH
KDEHU FRQIXQGLGR HO ULWPR PpWULFR FRQ HO PXVLFDO ,VPDHO )HUQiQGH] GH OD
&XHVWDQRVUHFXHUGDGHVGHVXLQWURGXFFLyQD6LHWHOLEURVVREUHODP~VLFD
TXHIXH-/HyQ7HOORHOHQFDUJDGRGHGHPRVWUDUORLQIXQGDGRGHWDODFXVDFLyQ
)UHQWHDODGLYLVLyQ LPSHUDQWH HQ ORV WUDWDGRV GH P~VLFD HVSHFXODWLYDHQWUH OD
DUPyQLFDODUtWPLFD\ODPpWULFDGLYLVLyQTXHQXHVWURSURSLRDXWRUDFHSWDHQVX
OLEURGHMXYHQWXG0XVLFHVOLEHUWHUWLXVHQ'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHPVLJXLHQGRD
6DQ$JXVWtQ6DOLQDVLQWURGXFHODPpWULFDGHQWURGHODUtWPLFD\DTXH©HOULWPR
\HOPHWURVHUHODFLRQDQHQWUHVtFRPRHOJpQHUR\ODHVSHFLH$PERVSHUWHQH
FHQDODFDQWLGDGGHWLHPSRWRGRPHWURHVQHFHVDULDPHQWHULWPRSHURQRWRGR
ULWPRHVSRUQHFHVLGDGPHWURªSiJ<VLJXHDÀUPDQGR©(OPHWURHVOD
)UD\/XLVGH/HyQ>@WUDGGH&DUORV&ODYHUtD%XHQRV$LUHV(VSDVD&DOSH
/,JOHVLDV)HLMRRRSFLWQSiJ
06DOYi\36iLQ]GH%DUDQGD&ROHFFLyQGHGRFXPHQWRVLQpGLWRVSDUDODKLVWRULDHVSDxROD
;,0DGULG9LXGDGH&DOHURSiJ
2SFLWSiJ
9LG(VWXGLRVGHKLVWRULDGHODWHRUtDPXVLFDO0DGULG&6,&
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
FRUUHFWD FRPELQDFLyQ GH XQ Q~PHUR GHÀQLGR GH SLHVª SHUR ©VH GLVWLQJXH GHO
ULWPRHQORVLJXLHQWHDXQTXHFRQVLVWHHQXQDFRUUHFWDFRPELQDFLyQGHSLHVHO
ULWPRQRHVWiOLPLWDGRDXQQ~PHURFLHUWR\GHWHUPLQDGRGHHOORVªSiJ
'HQWURGHVXSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODLQWHOLJLELOLGDGGHOWH[WRVRQQXPHURVDVVXV
REVHUYDFLRQHVHQWUHHOPRGRGHSURFHGHUGHORVP~VLFRVSUiFWLFRV\ORVSRHWDV
FRQUHVSHFWRDODFDQWLGDGGHODVVtODEDVDOJpQHURGHORVYHUVRV\DVXVGLVWLQWDV
HVSHFLHV(QOtQHDVJHQHUDOHV6DOLQDVFRQVLGHUDPiVÁH[LEOHHOULWPRPXVLFDO
TXHHOPpWULFR
$XQTXH OD WHRUtD UtWPLFD UHFRJLGD SRU 6DOLQDV GHSHQGH HQ JUDQ PDQHUD GH
ODH[SXHVWDSRU6DQ$JXVWtQHQ'HPXVLFDOLEULVH[QRGHMDGHKDEHUFLHUWDV
GLYHUJHQFLDV R SXQWRV HQ ORV TXH SUHÀHUH VHJXLU VX SURSLR FULWHULR (V OR TXH
RFXUUHHQODH[SRVLFLyQGHORVSLHV6DQ$JXVWtQRUGHQDODFODVLÀFDFLyQGHSLHV
VHJ~Q HO Q~PHUR GH VtODEDV HQ FDPELR 6DOLQDV OR KDFH VLHPSUH VLJXLHQGR HO
FULWHULRGHOQ~PHURGHWLHPSRV\DTXHORTXHOHLQWHUHVDDODUtWPLFD³VHJ~Q
LQVLVWHQXHVWURDXWRU³VRQORVWLHPSRV\QRODVVtODEDV©1RVRWURVSHQVDPRV
TXHODGLYHUVLGDGGHORVPHWURVGHEHWRPDUVHQRGHOGLYHUVRQ~PHURGHVRQLGRV
VLQRGHWLHPSRV\GHODGLYHUVLGDGGHORVSLHVªSiJ
&RPR HV ELHQ VDELGR HO ULWPR GH OD SRHVtD ODWLQD GHSHQGH GH OD FDQWLGDG
VLOiELFDPLHQWUDVTXHHQODVOHQJXDVURPDQFHVHVWHFULWHULRGHMDGHWHQHUYDORU
DOQRH[LVWLUODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHVtODEDVODUJDV\EUHYHV6DOLQDVQRLQWHQWDDSOLFDU
DODSRHVtDURPDQFHHOULWPRFXDQWLWDWLYRVLQRDORVVRQLGRVPXVLFDOHVTXHIRU
PDQSDUWHGHODVPHORGtDVSRSXODUHV3RUHVWDUD]yQMXQWRDORVYHUVRVODWLQRV
FRORFDIUDJPHQWRVGHFDQFLRQHVFDVWHOODQDVQRSRUTXHVXVIRUPDVPpWULFDVVHDQ
LGpQWLFDVVLQRSRUTXHODVPHORGtDVGHHVWDVFDQFLRQHVSRSXODUHVFRUUHVSRQGHQ
DOHVTXHPDUtWPLFRGHORVYHUVRVODWLQRV
/pDVHODVLJXLHQWHGHFODUDFLyQ©1RSHQVHPRVTXHHVLQ~WLOVLQRPX\YHQWDMRVRSDUDHOP~VLFR
FRQRFHUHODFHQWR\ODFDQWLGDGGHVtODEDV\VDEHUHODUWHGHPHGLU\YHUVLÀFDUSDUDTXHHQODPHGLGDGH
ORSRVLEOHVHJXDUGHDOFDQWDUODFDQWLGDGGHODVVtODEDV\HODFHQWRGHODVSDODEUDV<DOPLVPRWLHPSR
SDUDTXHJUDFLDVDODPHGLGDGHORVYHUVRVODWLQRVSXHGDFRQRFHUVHVXP~VLFD\JUDFLDVDODP~VLFDGHODV
FDQFLRQHVYXOJDUHVSXHGDFRQRFHUVHWDPELpQDTXpYHUVRRPHWURVODWLQRVFRUUHVSRQGHQªSiJ
/pDQVHDWtWXORGHHMHPSORODVVLJXLHQWHVREVHUYDFLRQHV©(QHOPHWUR\iPELFRTXHSRVHHGRV
SLHVVLGHVSXpVGHO\DPERVHFRORFDXQWURTXHRWHQHPRVXQDQWLSDVWRDXQTXHQRLPSLGHTXHHVWpDO
ÀQDOGHOWUtPHWUR\GHRWURV3RUWDQWRFRMHD>«@/RVSRHWDVHQFDPELRQRJXDUGDQVLHPSUHHVWDSXUH]D
DQWHVELHQDGPLWHQFRQHO\DPERHOHVSRQGHR\ORVSLHVDTXHpVWHGDOXJDUDXQTXHHQOXJDUHVLPSDUHV
+RUDFLR GLFH TXH VH KL]R DVt SDUD SURFHGHU FRQ PD\RU JUDYHGDG \ PDMHVWDGª SiJ ©+HPRV GH
WUDWDUDKRUDGHORVPHWURVGDFWtOLFRVTXHORVJUDPiWLFRVSRQHQMXQWRFRQORVHVSRQGDLFRV\DTXHPX\
UDUDYH]FRPR\DKHPRVGLFKRVHGDQGiFWLORVVLQORVHVSRQGHRVRORVHVSRQGHRVVLQORVGiFWLORV/RV
P~VLFRVHQFDPELRORVSRQHQSRUVHSDUDGRªSiJ
9LG32WDROD*RQ]iOH]RSFLWSiJ\ORVFDStWXORV\GHOOLEUR9,
&IU''HYRWRRSFLWSiJ\32WDROD*RQ]iOH]RSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
$ ORV YHUVRV ODWLQRV KHPRV DxDGLGR YHUVRV HQ OHQJXD YXOJDU HV
SDxRODIUDQFHVDHLWDOLDQDSDUDGHPRVWUDUTXHORVYHUVRV\HOPHWUR
SHUWHQHFHQDWRGDVODVOHQJXDV>«@(QFXDQWRDORVFDQWRV\WRQDGDV
HQ OHQJXD YXOJDU ORV KHPRV WUDQVFULWR D QRWDV \ ÀJXUDV PRGHUQDV
WDQWRSDUDSRGHUODVFDQWDU>«@FXDQWRSDUDTXHVHSXHGDQGLVWLQJXLU
ODVVtODEDVODUJDVGHODVEUHYHVHQODVOHQJXDVYXOJDUHVTXHQRWLHQHQ
XQDFDQWLGDGÀMDGHQWURGHOFDQWRª>FXUVLYDQXHVWUDSiJ@
(VWDVFDQFLRQHVDSDUHFHQWUDQVFULWDVHQQRWDFLyQPXVLFDOSXHVDOQRWHQHUODV
OHQJXDVURPDQFHVGLVWLQFLyQHQODFDQWLGDGVLOiELFDHVSUHFLVRLQGLFDUHOULWPRSRU
PHGLRGHODVQRWDV\ÀJXUDVPXVLFDOHV(VGHFLU6DOLQDVGLVWLQJXHSHUIHFWDPHQWH
HOULWPRSRpWLFRGHOPXVLFDO\DVtPLVPRHOULWPRSRpWLFRHQOHQJXDURPDQFH
GHOULWPRGHODSRpWLFDFOiVLFD6DOLQDVFRPR1HEULMDHQHO/LEURVHJXQGRGH
VX*UDPiWLFDGHODOHQJXDFDVWHOODQD\-XDQGHO(QFLQDHQHO$UWHGH
SRHVtDFDVWHOODQDUHFRQRFHTXHHQHVSDxROQRKD\VtODEDVODUJDV\EUH
YHV\TXHHOULWPRFXDQWLWDWLYRGHEHVHUVXVWLWXLGRSRUHOLQWHQVLYRDVtFRPROD
QHFHVLGDGGHFRQWHPSODUXQQXHYRHOHPHQWRIyQLFRHODFHQWRSHURHVWDEOHFH\
DSOLFDDQDORJtDVFRQVWDQWHVHQWUHFDGDWLSRGHYHUVRHQURPDQFH\ODWHUPLQRORJtD
SURSLD GH OD YHUVLÀFDFLyQ FXDQWLWDWLYD FOiVLFD 6RQ IUHFXHQWHV H[SUHVLRQHV GHO
WLSR©(Q(VSDxDH[LVWHQPHWURVVHPHMDQWHVªSiJR©VHJ~QHVWHPHWUR\
VHJ~QHVWRVPRGRVHVWiFRPSXHVWRHOFDQWROODPDGRHQ(VSDxDYLOODQRªSiJ
6DOLQDVFRPR1HEULMDQRVHGHVSUHQGHGHOWRGRHQVXVLGHDVPpWULFDVGH
ODVHUYLGXPEUHODWLQD\DVtHQVXWHUPLQRORJtD\HQHOLUFRPSXWDQGRHOQ~PHUR
GHVtODEDVSRUSLHVVLJXHDSHJDGRDGLFKDWUDGLFLyQ3HURHQQXHVWURDXWRUQR
OOHJDPRVDREVHUYDU³FRPRHQ1HEULMD³ODSHUFHSFLyQGHOFDPELRFRPRXQD
SpUGLGDHQWUHRWUDVUD]RQHVSRUTXHVXREMHWLYRIXQGDPHQWDOHUDXWLOL]DUPHORGtDV
SRSXODUHVSDUDLOXVWUDUODVIRUPDVPpWULFDVWDQWRPXVLFDOHVFRPRSRpWLFDV
&2175$38172 (175( 9(5626 /$7,126 < &$67(//$126
(VWDVFDQFLRQHVLQFOXLGDVHQODH[SRVLFLyQGHWRGRVORVPHWURVSRVLEOHVTXH
UHVXOWDQGHODFRPELQDFLyQGHSLHVQRVLQWHUHVDQQRVyORSRUTXHQRVLQWURGXFH
HQXQFRUSXVGHFDQFLRQHVSRSXODUHVHVSDxRODVGHOVLJOR;9,VLQRSRUTXHÀMD
XQ VLJQLÀFDWLYR FRQWUDSXQWR GHQWUR GH 'H PXVLFD OLEUL VHSWHP HQWUH HVFULWXUD
ODWLQD\FDVWHOODQD<KDFLDHVHFRQWUDSXQWRFRQYHUJHODQHRODWLQLGDGGHODVH
&IU3DORPD2WDROD*RQ]iOH]RSFLWSiJV
&IU$QWRQLR4XLOLV©1HEULMD\(QFLQDIUHQWHDODPpWULFDª5HYLVWDGH(VWXGLRV+LVSiQLFRV
8QLYHUVLGDGGH3XHUWR5LFR5tR3LHGUDV9,,SiJVSiJ
9LG-RVp'RPtQJXH]&DSDUUyV©0pWULFDFOiVLFD\YHUVRPRGHUQRªHQ(VWXGLRVGHPpWULFD
0DGULG81('SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
JXQGD PLWDG GHO VLJOR ;9, OLJDGD HQ JUDQ PHGLGD D ORV HMHUFLFLRV HVFRODUHV
GHODLQWHUSUHWDWLRDXFWRUXP\TXHWHQGUiHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFDXQ
LPSRUWDQWHFHQWURGHGLIXVLyQ©+DFLD³FRPRKDDQDOL]DGR9tFWRU*DUFtD
GHOD&RQFKD³FRLQFLGHQHQHOWUDEDMRGHODQHRODWLQLGDGHVWXGLDQWHV\MyYHQHV
SURIHVRUHVTXHVHUiQORVJUDQGHVPDHVWURVGHORVDxRVª$ULDV0RQWDQR
6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DV-XDQGH0DO/DUD$PEURVLRGH0RUDOHV'LHJR+XUWDGR
GH0HQGR]D\HOSURSLR6DOLQDV©(OLQWHUFDPELRGHWUDEDMRVVHLQWHQVLÀFDHQWUH
HOORVKDVWDFRQVWLWXLUFtUFXORVGHLQLFLDGRV6HHVWLPXODDODSDUODFRPSHWHQFLD
HQWUHHOORV\GHHOORVFRQORVDXWRUHVDQWLJXRVHQODFRQYLFFLyQGHTXHODQXHYD
SURGXFFLyQODWLQDSXHGHLJXDODUHLQFOXVRDYHQWDMDUDODDQWLJXDª(QXQOLEUR
HVFULWRHQODWtQ6DOLQDVQRVKDWUDQVPLWLGR©XQFRUSXVH[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHULFR
GH FDQFLRQHV SRSXODUHV HVSDxRODV GHO VLJOR ;9, OR TXH OH KD YDOLGR HO WtWXOR
RWRUJDGR SRU )HOLSH 3HGUHOO GH SULPHU IROFORULVWD HVSDxRO DYDQW OD OHWWUHª
'HVJUDFLDGDPHQWH ORV HMHPSORV TXH DSRUWD VRQ LQFRPSOHWRV \ VH OLPLWDQ D OD
WUDQVFULSFLyQ GH XQ YHUVR R GRV GHO YLOODQFLFR /D FRQWULEXFLyQ GH 6DOLQDV DO
FRQRFLPLHQWRGHOIROFORUHHVSDxROGHODpSRFDKDVLGRREMHWRGHHVWXGLRSRUQX
PHURVRVHVSHFLDOLVWDV&LWHPRVORVQRPEUHVGH)3HGUHOO0*DUFtD0DWRV
-%7UHQG\UHFLHQWHPHQWH-0$OtQ
/DYLGD\ODREUDGH)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVQRVREOLJDQWDPELpQDRWURFRQWUD
SXQWRGRQGHGHEHPRVFRPELQDUDOPRGRGHODÀFFLyQFHUYDQWLQDDGPLUDWLR\
YHURVLPLOLWXG3DUHFHLQFUHtEOHTXHXQKRPEUHFLHJRSXGLHUDKDFHUWDQWRDFRSLR
GHOHFWXUDV\GRPLQDUDDODSHUIHFFLyQHOODWtQ\HOJULHJR&RPRFRPHQWD-RVp
0DUtD$OtQ©ODFHJXHUDOHKDEtDIRU]DGRDFXOWLYDUODPHPRULD6HVDEHSRUHMHP
SORTXHWDQWRGXUDQWHVXHVWDQFLDHQ5RPD\1iSROHVFRPRHQ(VSDxDSRQtD
HVSHFLDOHPSHxRHQUHFRUGDUODVPHORGtDVTXHRtDLQFOXVRODVGHODVFDQFLRQHV\
URPDQFHVTXHHVFXFKDEDSRUORVSXHEORVGH&DVWLOODª6DOLQDVHQHVHFRQWH[WR
GHQHRODWLQLGDGTXH\DKHPRVVHxDODGRQHFHVLWDLQFOXLUHQVXWUDWDGRFDQFLRQHV
9tFWRU*DUFtDGHOD&RQFKD©(OKRQRUGHODOHQJXDFDVWHOODQD)UD\/XLVGH/HyQHVFULWRUªHQ
(OVLJORGHIUD\/XLVGH/HyQ6DODPDQFD\HO5HQDFLPLHQWR0DGULG0LQLVWHULRGH&XOWXUD8QLYHUVLGDG
GH6DODPDQFDSiJVSiJ
''HYRWRRSFLWSiJ
©)RONORUH PXVLFDO FDVWLOODQ GX ;9,LqPH VLqFOHª 6DPPHOElQGH GHU ,QWHUQDWLRQDOHQ
0XVLNJHVHOOVFKDIW SiJV 9pDVH WDPELpQ /tULFD QDFLRQDOL]DGD 3DUtV /LEUHUtD
3DXO2OOHQGRUISiJV
©3HUYLYHQFLDGHODWUDGLFLyQDFWXDOGHFDQFLRQHVSRSXODUHVUHFRJLGDVHQHOVLJOR;9,SRU6DOLQDV
HQVXWUDWDGR'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHPª$QXDULR0XVLFDOSiJV
©6DOLQDVD6L[WHHQWK&HQWXU\&ROOHFWLRQRI)RONVRQJVª0XVLF/HWWHUV9,,,SiJ
©)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV\ODFDQFLyQSRSXODUGHOVLJOR;9,ªHQ3HGUR03LxHUR5DPtUH]HG/tULFD
SRSXODU/tULFDWUDGLFLRQDO/HFFLRQHVHQKRPHQDMHD'RQ(PLOLR*DUFtD*yPH]0DGULG8QLYHUVLGDG
GH6HYLOOD)XQGDFLyQ0DFKDGRSiJV
,ELGHPSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
&217(;726(,03/,&$&,21(6/,7(5$5,$6(1'(086,&$/,%5,6(37(0«
HQVXOHQJXDPDWHUQDDODVTXHGHVFULEHFRQORVVLJXLHQWHVWpUPLQRV©YXOJDULEXV
FDQWLOHQLVª©TXDOLVLVWLOODYXOJDWLVVLPDª©DOLDYXOJDULVª©LQPXOWLVYXOJDULEXV
FDQWLRQLEXVª©UXVWLFDHFDQWLRQLV+LVSDQLªHWF«&DVLWRGRVORVHMHPSORVTXH
LQFOX\HSHUWHQHFHQDODSRHVtDSRSXODU\WUDGLFLRQDOH[FHSWRORVFDVRVGH-XDQ
GH0HQD©$OPX\SUHSRWHQWHGRQ,XDQHOVHJXQGRªRHOHQGHFDVtODER©$XQTXH
PHDEUDVR\TXHPRVXIIUR\FDOORªGHDOJ~QURPDQFHFRPRHO©&RQGH&ODURV
FRQDPRUHVQRSRGtDUHSRVDUªRGHODV&RSODVGH-RUJH0DQULTXH6DEHPRV
TXHORSRSXODUHVXQWpUPLQREDVWDQWHDPELJXR\QRH[HQWRGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ
9pDVHHOWUDEDMRGH-DFTXHV-RVHW©&XOWXUDSRSXODUFXOWXUDFXOWDWRGRHVFXO
WXUDª \ DFHSWpPRVOR SURYLVLRQDOPHQWH WDO FRPR QRV SURSRQH 0DUJLW )UHQN
GHQWURGHXQDGLVWLQFLyQGHUDVJRVIRUPDOHV\WHPiWLFRVIUHQWHDODVPDQHUDVHQ
TXH©ORVSRHWDVFRUWHVDQRVXUEDQRVHVWDEDQHVFULELHQGRHQHOPRPHQWRHQTXH
HPSH]DURQDYDORUDUVHODVFDQFLRQHVSRSXODUHVª
'H PXVLFD OLEUL VHSWHP QRV VLUYH WDPELpQ SDUD PRVWUDU DOJR GH OR TXH VH
FDQWDED HQ HO VHJXQGR WHUFLR GHO VLJOR ;9, HQWUH HO &DQFLRQHUR PXVLFDO GH
3DODFLR\HO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH7XUtQ'HODVFLQFXHQWD\VLHWHFDQFLRQHV
SRSXODUHV DSXQWDGDV FDVWHOODQDV LWDOLDQDV IUDQFHVDV \ XQD FDQFLyQ PRUD
DOJXQDV WLHQHQ HQ 'H PXVLFD VX ~QLFR UHIHUHQWH \ SRU WDQWR VRQ FDQFLRQHV
FRQVHUYDGDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHJUDFLDVDpO³VHJ~QKDGHPRVWUDGRUHFLHQWHPHQWH
-RVp 0$OtQ D FX\R H[FHOHQWH HVWXGLR UHPLWR DO OHFWRU SDUD FRQRFHU IXHQWHV
YDULDQWHVHQRWURVFDQFLRQHURV\UHIHUHQFLDVIROFOyULFDV&RPRHVELHQVDELGRDO
PDHVWUR6DOLQDVVyOROHLQWHUHVDEDODPHORGtDGHHVWDVFDQFLRQHV\SRUWDQWRQR
QHFHVLWyWUDQVFULELUHOFRUSXVFRPSOHWRFRQORTXHVHKDSHUGLGRXQDH[FHOHQWH
RSRUWXQLGDG GH UHFRSLODU XQ FDQFLRQHUR GHO VHJXQGR WHUFLR GHO VLJOR$GHPiV
HV VLJQLÀFDWLYR TXH ©QLQJXQD GH ODV FDQFLRQHV DFRSLDGDV SRU 6DOLQDV SDVy DO
&DQFLRQHURGH7XUtQTXHUHSUHVHQWDORVJXVWRVGHÀQGHVLJOR\HVH[SUHVLyQ
GH OD QXHYD FRUULHQWH SRpWLFD LQLFLDGD KDFLD IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH FRQ HO
LQQRYDGRUPRGRGHKDFHUGH*yQJRUD/DHVWpWLFDLPSHUDQWHHQHVHPRPHQWR
&IU-RVp0$OtQRSFLWSiJ
1XHYDV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV VREUH HO ©/LEUR GH EXHQ DPRUª 0DGULG &iWHGUD SiJV 0DUJLW )UHQN ©6tPERORV QDWXUDOHV HQ ODV YLHMDV FDQFLRQHV SRSXODUHV KLVSiQLFDVª HQ 3 0
3LxHUR5DPtUH]HGRSFLWSiJVHQFRQFUHWRSiJ
&IU-0$OtQRSFLWSiJ
6HJ~Q$OtQRSFLWSiJVHQWUHODVQXHYHFDQFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQD'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHP
FRPR~QLFRUHIHUHQWHPHQFLRQRSRURUGHQGHDSDULFLyQ©0LODJURQRKD]H\V'DPDVLPHSUHQGH\V
0LODJURELHQVHUtD6LYRVVHxRUDPtDªSiJV©0RQJLFDHQUHOLJLyQPHTXLHURHQWUDUSRUQR
PDOPDULGDUªSiJ©(D-XGtRVDHQIDUGHODU4XHPDQGDQORV5H\HVTXHSDVVp\VODPDUªSiJ
©0iVPHTXHUUtDXQoDWLFRGHSDQTXHQRWXVDOXGDUªSiJ©£$\DPRUFyPRVR\VSXQWRVR
VR OD GDUJD VDQGHWDª SiJ ©$XQTXH VR\ PRUHQLFD \ SULHWD D Pt ¢TXp VH PH GD"ª SiJ ©3HUULFRVGHPLVHxRUDQRQPHPRUGDGHVDJRUDªSiJ©6LPLVDPRUHVQRPHYDOHQ7ULVWHTXH
\RPRULUpªSiJ©³6LMXJDVWHDQRFKHDPRUH³1RQVHxRUDQRQHªSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e7(58(/
ELHQGLYXOJDGDSRUODPXOWLWXGGHSOLHJRVVXHOWRVHUD\DPX\RWUD/DSRHVtD
GHO YDWH FRUGREpV OD GH /RSH GH 9HJD \ DO PLVPR WLHPSR OD LUUXSFLyQ FRQ
IRUWDOH]D LQXVLWDGD GH OD VHJXLGLOOD \ FRQ HOOD GH OD JXLWDUUD HQ OXJDU GH OD
YLKXHODKDEtDQGDGRXQYXHOFRWRWDODORKDVWDHQWRQFHVDFHSWDGRª
0LDFHUFDPLHQWRD'HPXVLFDOLEULVHSWHPDWUDYpVGHOWUD]DGRGHXQDVHULH
GHFRQWH[WRV\GHVXVLPSOLFDFLRQHVOLWHUDULDVGHPXHVWUDODQHFHVLGDGGHVXSHUDU
FLHUWDVGLVWLQFLRQHVDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHDFHSWDGDVWDOHVFRPRODVTXHVHHVWDEOHFHQ
HQWUHODHVFULWXUDLPDJLQDWLYD\ODFUtWLFDRHQWUHORVWH[WRVOLWHUDULRV\ORVQR
OLWHUDULRV(QHVWHVHQWLGRSURSRQJRODSHUWLQHQFLDGHLQFRUSRUDUXQDVHOHFFLyQ
GHWH[WRVGHORV6LHWHOLEURVVREUHODP~VLFDHQXQSURJUDPDGH+LVWRULDGHOD
/LWHUDWXUD(VSDxRODGHO6LJORGH2URSRUODOHFFLyQKXPDQLVWDTXHVHGHVSUHQGH
GHOPpWRGRGHWUDEDMRGHOPDHVWUR6DOLQDVDWUDYpVGHOWySLFRGHLQWHUSUHWDWLR
DXFWRUXPSRUODIXQGDPHQWDFLyQWHyULFDHQWRUQRDODGLYLVLyQGHODP~VLFDWDQ
GLVSDU D OD OtQHD SLWDJyULFD ERHFLDQD SRU ODV UHODFLRQHV TXH QRV SODQWHD HQWUH
ULWPR PpWULFR \ PXVLFDO \ SRU HO WHVWLPRQLR TXH QRV RIUHFH D OD DOWXUD GH OD
VHJXQGDPLWDGGHO;9,GH©UXVWLFDHFDQWLRQLV+LVSDQLª
-26e7(58(/
8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG
Anterior
-0$OtQRSFLWSiJ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
181&$)8(3(1$0$<25
2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1
&$67(//$1$'(/$&257('((15,48(,9
7XYHODVXHUWHGHFKDUODUODUJR\WHQGLGRFRQ%ULDQ'XWWRQHQHOYHUDQRGH
)XHHQHOFHQWURGH0DGULGHQXQEDUFHUFDQRDO&RQJUHVRGHORV'LSXWDGRV
\SUy[LPRDOKRWHOGRQGHUDFDODEDHQVXYLVLWDDQXDOD(VSDxD0HFRQWDEDTXH
HQHVHPLVPROXJDUGRQGHpOVHKRVSHGDEDKDEtDYLYLGR&HUYDQWHVVXV~OWLPRV
DxRVPRWLYRQDGDGHVGHxDEOHSDUDXQDPDQWHGHODOLWHUDWXUDHVSDxRODSHURTXH
DGHPiVSDUDpOKDEtDRWUDUD]yQGHRUGHQSUiFWLFRHVWDEDDXQWLURGHSLHGUDGH
OD$FDGHPLDGHOD+LVWRULD\DFRUWRVSDVHRVGHOD5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxROD\
GHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOOXJDUHVGRQGHVHHQFXHQWUDQFDQFLRQHURVPDQXVFULWRV
GHVXPRLQWHUpVSDUDTXLHQGHGLFyORPHMRUGHVXYLGDSURIHVLRQDODUHFRSLODU
HLQYHVWLJDUODSRHVtDGHORVQXPHURVRVFDQFLRQHURVFXDWURFHQWLVWDVFDVWHOODQRV
GLVSHUVRVSRUHOPXQGR6HHQFRQWUDED%ULDQ'XWWRQHQHOFHQWURGHVXPXQGR
(QHVDFRQYHUVDFLyQMXVWRDQWHVGHTXHIXHUDQVDOLHQGRGHODLPSUHQWDORVWRPRV
GH(OFDQFLRQHURGHOVLJOR;9KDEODPRVGHODSRSXODULGDGGHDOJXQDVFDQFLRQHV
\ PH GHFtD TXH ©1XQFD IXH SHQD PD\RUª WXYR TXH VHU DOJR DVt FRPR HO ©WRS
WZHQW\ªHOPD\RUp[LWRPXVLFDOGHWRGDXQDpSRFD
(VWXGLDUODGLIXVLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHHVWDFDQFLyQVXYLGDOLWHUDULD\PXVLFDO
QRVSHUPLWLUiSUREDEOHPHQWHUHVFDWDUXQFDStWXORGHODYLGDPXVLFDOFDVWHOODQD
HQ HO WUiQVLWR GH OD (GDG 0HGLD DO 5HQDFLPLHQWR 1R KDFH IDOWD GHFLU TXH OD
HPSUHVD UHVXOWD GLItFLO KDELGD FXHQWD GH TXH VyOR FRQWDPRV FRQ XQRV WH[WRV
FRSLDGRV\XQSXxDGRGHPHQFLRQHVGHODFDQFLyQSRUORTXHDEXHQVHJXUR
HVWDVSiJLQDVKDEUiTXHUHVFULELUODVDODOX]GHDSRUWDFLRQHVIXWXUDV<HVTXH
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
UHFRQVWUXLUODYLGDPXVLFDOGHODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVGHOVLJOR;9\ODVSULPHUDV
GHO;9,DSDUWLUGHORVUHSHUWRULRVGHFDQFLRQHURVOLWHUDULRV\PXVLFDOHVQRHV
VXÀFLHQWH /D WDUHD GH ORV PXVLFyORJRV HV PX\ QHFHVDULD KDEUi TXH ÀMDU ORV
OXJDUHV\FLUFXQVWDQFLDVGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQLQYHVWLJDUHQTXpiPELWRVVRFLDOHVVH
SXGRHVFXFKDUXQDFDQFLyQGHVFULELUODVUHODFLRQHV\ORVLQWHUFDPELRVPXVLFDOHV
HQWUH ODV FRUWHV HXURSHDV HWF (Q XQD SDODEUD VXPDU ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV GH OD
PXVLFRORJtDDORVHVWXGLRVGHODKLVWRULDOLWHUDULDFRPR~QLFRPHGLRSDUDFRP
SUHQGHU XQ IHQyPHQR TXH QHFHVLWD VHU DERUGDGR GHVGH iPELWRV GLVWLQWRV &RQ
HVWRV SUHVXSXHVWRV OR TXH VLJXH DSHQDV VHUi XQ HVER]R GH XQ HVWXGLR PXFKR
PiVGHWHQLGRGHOTXHDKRUDSUHVHQWR
/DFDQFLyQWDOFRPRVHFRSLDHQHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGHOD&DWHGUDOGH
6HJRYLDGLFHDVt
1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
QLWRUPHQWRWDQHVWUDxR
TXHLJXDOHFRQHOGRORU
TXHUHoLERGHOHQJDxR
$TXHVWHFRQRFLPLHQWR
KD]HVHUPLVGtDVWULVWHV
HQSHQVDUHOSHQVDPLHQWR
TXHSRUDPRUHVPHGLVWHV
PHKD]HDYHUSRUPHMRU
ODPXHUWH\SRUPHQRUGDxR
TX·HOWRUPHQWR\HOGRORU
TXHUHoLERGHOHQJDxR
(VFLHUWRTXHODOHWUDGHODFDQFLyQYLHQHDVHUODH[SUHVLyQFDQyQLFDGHOD
ÀORVRItDGHODPRUHQODSRHVtDFDQFLRQHULOSHURQRSRVHHUDVJRVTXHODKDJDQ
PHULWRULDGHXQDIDPDHVSHFLDO
$XQTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHODVIXHQWHVODFDQFLyQVHGDFRPRDQyQLPDVDEH
PRVTXLpQIXHVXDXWRU8QDU~EULFDGHO&DQFLRQHURJHQHUDO9DOHQFLD
VLQGXGDODIXHQWHTXHPiVFRQWULEX\yDVXGLIXVLyQOLWHUDULDQRVSURSRUFLRQD
LQIRUPDFLyQPX\LPSRUWDQWH(VWiDOIUHQWHGHXQDJORVDGHO&RPHQGDGRU5RPiQ
DHVWDFDQFLyQTXHGLFHDVt*/26$68<$$91$&$1&,Ð1'(/'848(
'$/9$48(',&(181&$)8(3(1$0$<25<(0%,2/$$/$5(<1$
-8$1$08*(5'(/5(<'21(15,48(<+$&($(//$(67$6&8$
752&23/$6\VLJXHQODVFXDWURFRSODVTXHWDPELpQWLHQHQLQWHUpV
/DYDULDQWHVTXHSUHVHQWDHQRWUDVHGLFLRQHV\PDQXVFULWRVODVUHFRMRHQPLHGLFLyQGHO&DQ
FLRQHURPXVLFDOGHOD&DWHGUDOGH6HJRYLD6DODPDQFD-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
$OWDUH\QDHVFODUHFLGD
GRWRGDEHOGDGVHGRUD
GHELHQHVVLQÀQFRPSOLGD
GHODIRUWXQDVHJXLGD
PDVDOÀQGHOODVHxRUD
GRODEHOGDGHVVLQSDU
GRODVJUDFLDVWLHQHQQRPEUH
GHORVELHQHVGHDGRUDU
QRVHSXHGHQHVWLPDU
SRUOHQJXDQLPDQRGRPEUH
'LFHQTXHDYXHVWURRìGR
DJUDGyDTXHOGXOoRU
GHODFDQFLyQGHOVHQWLGR
IDPRVRIUDQFRVDELGR
GXTXHG$OYDPLVHxRU
3RUGDUOHJUDFLDIDPRVD
\IDXRUGHPDVLDGR
DOWDUH\QDJORULRVD
TXHDXpLVSHGLGRODJORVD
\TXHQXQFDRVODQJORVDGR
(\RVDELHQGRORWDO
HQHOFDVRTXHFRQFOX\R
DOWDUH\QDDQJHOLFDO
PRVWUpPHSRUSULQFLSDO
SRUTXHVR\FULDGRVX\R
QRVDOLHQGRGHODQWHUR
GHPLORWURVGHFRQVXQR
DQWHVVLPSOHSRVWULPHUR
PDVSRUTXHVXSHSULPHUR
ODFDXVDTXRWURQLQJXQR
$VtTXHUH\QDGHGH'LRV
+HFKDFRPRGHSLQFHO
6LQRVLUYLHUHDORVGRV
TXLHURFRQWHQWDUDpO
TXLHURFRQWHQWDUDYRV
1RGLJRDOPHUHVFLPLHQWR
'HYXHVWURUHDOHVWDGR
0DVDYXHVWURSHGLPLHQWR
4XHVLpOQRIXHUHFRQWHQWR
3RUVX\RVHUpSHQDGR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
DFRQWLQXDFLyQYDODJORVDTXHFRQVWDGHVHVHQWDYHUVRVUHSDUWLGRVHQVHLVHV
WURIDV\XQ©)LQªORVGRFHYHUVRVGH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUVHUHSDUWHQGHGRV
HQGRVDOÀQDOGHODVVHLVHVWURIDVGHODJORVD\HQOD~OWLPDHQFRQWUDPRVXQD
DXWRPHQFLyQGHOSRHWD
$OWDUH\QD\DSXUDGD
GRODEHOGDGVHVFODUHVFH
ODFDQFLyQYDVHQWHQFLDGD
\QRYDWDQELHQJORVDGD
FRPRVXFDXVDPHUHFH
SHURUH\QDGRQGHHVWiQ
YLUWXGHVOOHQDVGHIH
HQ$OYDPHKDOODUiQ
PDQGDGVDEHUGH5RPiQ
TXH\RVRHOTXHSHTXp
3RU VL OD U~EULFD QR IXHUD ÀDEOH HO Y OD DWULEX\H DO ©GXTXH G$OYD PL
VHxRUª\HOQRPEUHGHODXWRUWDPELpQHVWiOXHJRFRQVLJQDGR©PDQGDGVDEHUGH
5RPiQª1RVRQGDWRVEDODGtHVSXHVGHVGHTXHVHFRPSXVRODFDQFLyQKDVWD
VXDSDULFLyQHQHO&DQFLRQHURJHQHUDOSDVDURQFDVLFXDUHQWDDxRV5HVXPDPRV
OD LQIRUPDFLyQ 5RPiQ JORVD XQD FDQFLyQ GHO GXTXH GH$OED VX VHxRU SDUD
GHGLFiUVHOD D OD UHLQD -XDQD HVSRVD GH (QULTXH ,9 TXH OD TXLHUH YHU JORVDGD
©SXHVGLFHQTXHDYXHVWURRìGRDJUDGyDTXHOGXOoRUGHODFDQFLyQª$GHPiV
5RPiQVHxDODTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHQ$OED6DODPDQFDSDUDORTXHPDQGHODUHLQD
'RxD-XDQDGH3RUWXJDOKDEtDYHQLGRD(VSDxDHQFRQXQLPSRUWDQWHVp
TXLWRIHPHQLQRSDUDFRQWUDHUPDWULPRQLRFRQ(QULTXH,9YLXGRGHVXSULPHUD
PXMHU(OGXTXHGH$OEDDXWRUGH©1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUªIXHVLQGXGD*DUFtD
ÉOYDUH]GH7ROHGRSULPHUGXTXHGH$OEDWtWXORTXHOHRWRUJy(QULTXH,9HO
GHGLFLHPEUHGH/DFDQFLyQWXYRTXHHVFULELUODHOGXTXHGH$OEDHQ
RHQIHFKDGHODPXHUWHGHOUH\&RQVLGHUD7KRPDVTXHHO&RPHQGDGRU
5RPiQGHEtDGHVHUGHHGDGPDGXUDFXDQGRHVFULELyHVDJORVDSXHVWRTXHHQ
HO&DQFLRQHURJHQHUDODSDUHFHDOWHUQDQGRFRQSUHJXQWDV\UHVSXHVWDVSRUDTXH
OODVIHFKDVFRQ5RPHUR\FRQ$QWyQGH0RQWRUR6XFDSDFLGDGGHDGXODFLyQ
(O WH[WR FRPSOHWR GH HVWD JORVD MXQWR FRQ OD GH +XUWDGR GH 0HQGR]D VH HQFXHQWUD HQ PL
HGLFLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURFLWDGRSiJV
+LODQGRPX\ÀQRSRGUtDDOHJDUVHTXHODFDQFLyQVHKXELHUDFRPSXHVWRDQWHVGHTXHGRQ*DUFtD
IXHUDGXTXHGH$OEDSXHVOR~QLFRVHJXURHVTXHFXDQGRODJORVD5RPiQ\DWLHQHHVHWtWXOR3UREDEOH
PHQWHODFDQFLyQVHFRQRFLyHQODFRUWHSRFRDQWHVGHFRPSRQHUVHODJORVDTXL]iDOVHUQRPEUDGRGXTXH
GH$OED
+7KRPDV©,QWURGXFWLRQªDODHGIDFVtPLOGH(O&RPHQGDGRU5RPiQ&RSODVGHOD3DVLyQ
FRQOD5HVXUUHFFLyQ/RQGUHV%ULWLVK0XVHXPFLWDGRSRU$QDÉOYDUH]3HOOLWHUR©&RSODVGHVFR
QRFLGDVGHOFRPHQGDGRU5RPiQª%%03SiJVHQFRQFUHWRSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
QRVHOLPLWyDODUHLQD-XDQDSXHVKDFLDVHSUHVHQWDED\DFRPR©FULDGRª
ORV 5H\HV &DWyOLFRV FRQGLFLyQ TXH WXYR TXH FRQWLQXDU KDVWD ÀQDOHV GHO VLJOR
SXHV VX ~OWLPD FRPSRVLFLyQ FRQRFLGD HVWi GHGLFDGD D OD PXHUWH GHO SUtQFLSH
GRQ-XDQRFXUULGDFRPRHVVDELGRHQ&RPSXVRSRHPDVDPDWRULRVDOD
PDQHUDFRUWHVDQDDXQTXHVXVSLH]DVGHPD\RUDOLHQWRVRQUHOLJLRVDVGHOHVWLOR
GHODVFRPSXHVWDVSRU)UD\,xLJRGH0HQGR]D\)UD\$PEURVLR0RQWHVLQR(V
WDUtDPRVSXHVDQWHXQSRHWDSURIDQRDFWLYRHQODpSRFDGH(QULTXH,9FXDQGR
JORVD1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUTXHFRQHOWLHPSRIRUPDSDUWHGHOJUXSRGHSRHWDV
UHOLJLRVRVDOVHUYLFLRGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRV
/$ 0Ô6,&$ '(855('(
(V GLItFLO VDEHU FXiQGR 8UUHGH SXVR OD P~VLFD D OD SRHVtD GHO 'XTXH GH
$OEDFRQTXHHQFDEH]DHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH3DODFLR03ODPLVPDFRQ
TXH DSDUHFH HQ HO &DQFLRQHUR GH OD &RORPELQD 69 \ HQ HO &DQFLRQHUR GH
OD&DWHGUDOGH6HJRYLD6*6XSRSXODULGDGGHELyGHVHUDOWDFXDQGRÀJXUD
HQFDEH]DQGRODDPSOLDFROHFFLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH3DODFLRUHFRSLODGD
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHQWUH\4XL]iODPiVDQWLJXDGHODVWUHVVHD69
TXHVHYLHQHIHFKDQGRKDFLD1LQJXQDGHHVWDVIXHQWHVPXVLFDOHVQRVD\XGD
DIHFKDUODYHUVLyQPXVLFDOGH8UUHGHDXWRUTXHKDYHQLGRFRQVLGHUiQGRVHFRPR
ÁDPHQFRGHELGRDTXHXQD0LVVDGHEHDWDYLUJLQHVHDWULEX\HD©-R:UUHGH
EUXJHQª HV GHFLU ©GH %UXMDVª (O HPLQHQWH PXVLFyORJR +LJLQLR$QJOpV VLQ
HPEDUJRDÀUPDTXHODYHUVLyQGH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUDWUHVYRFHVGH8UUHGH
HVWi EDVDGD HQ XQD PHORGtD SRSXODU HVSDxROD \ VLJXH DÀUPDQGR TXH 8UUHGH
IXHUDRQRÁDPHQFRPXHVWUDODLQÁXHQFLDGHODHVFXHODIUDQFRERUJRxRQD\TXH
DOJXQRVUDVJRVGHVXHVWLOROHGLVWLQJXHQGHORVFRPSRVLWRUHVHVSDxROHVFRQWHP
SRUiQHRV$GHPiV$QJOpVSUHÀHUHFRQVLGHUDUORHVSDxROSRUTXHHQODGpFDGDGH
ORVVHWHQWD\ORVRFKHQWD\DHVWiDFWLYRHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD\WDPELpQSRU
HO KHFKR GH TXH HVFRJLHUD WHPDV HVSHFtÀFDPHQWH HVSDxROHV WDQWR PXVLFDOHV
FRPRSRpWLFRVTXHSURGXFHQXQFRQWUDVWHH[WUDxRHQWUHHOHVWLOR\HOFRQWHQLGR
HVWHKHFKRHQIDWL]DVLQGXGDODDPELJXDSRVLFLyQKLVWyULFDGHHVWHLQWHUHVDQWH
FRPSRVLWRU/DYDULHGDGGHJUDItDVFRQTXHDSDUHFHFLWDGRVXQRPEUH:UUHGH
:UHGH8UUHGD8UHGHR8UHGDKDKHFKRGXGDUDORVPXVLFyORJRVGHVLVHWUDWD
GHXQRRPiVFRPSRVLWRUHV0HSHUPLWRVHxDODUTXHHODSHOOLGR©GH8UHGDªR
©GH8UUHGDª\HVWRHVXQDKLSyWHVLVSHUVRQDOTXHDTXtSURSRQJRDORVPXVLFy
ORJRVELHQSRGUtDVHUXQDPDQHUDGHHVFULELU©GH%UHGDªGDGDVODVKDELWXDOHV
FRQIXVLRQHVHQWUH©Xª\©Yª\HQWUH©Yª\©Eª4XL]iXQFRWHMRGHWHQLGRGH
8WLOL]RHQDGHODQWHODVVLJODVGH%ULDQ'XWWRQHQVX&DWiORJRÌQGLFHGHOD3RHVtD&DQFLRQHULO
GHO6LJOR;90DGLVRQ+LVSDQLF6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHV\HQ(O&DQFLRQHURGHOVLJOR;9
F6DODPDQFD%LEOLRWHFD(VSDxRODGHO6LJOR;98QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
ODVJUDItDVFRQTXHDSDUHFHRHOGHVFXEULPLHQWRGHDOJ~QGDWRFRPSOHPHQWDULR
SXHGDFRQÀUPDUHVWDKLSyWHVLV6HJ~QXQ'XTXHGH$OEDGHVFHQGLHQWHUHPRWRGHO
DXWRUGHODOHWUDIXHFDQWRUHQHQODFDSLOODGH*DUFtDÉOYDUH]GH7ROHGR
SULPHUGXTXHGH$OEDORFXDOVHDYLHQHPX\ELHQFRQXQDIHFKDWHPSUDQDGH
ODPHORGtDGH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU\FDEHSHQVDUTXHFXDQGRODUHLQD-XDQD
OD PDQGy JORVDU \D HUD XQD FRPSRVLFLyQ PXVLFDO /XHJR 8UUHGH DOFDQ]y HO
KRQRUGHVHUYLUDOUH\&DWyOLFRFRPRPDHVWURGHFDSLOOD\VXIDPDWUDVFHQGLyD
YDULRVSDtVHVHXURSHRVFRPRORGHPXHVWUDHOKHFKRGHTXHVXVFRPSRVLFLRQHV
VHHQFXHQWUHQHQPDQXVFULWRVHLPSUHVRVLWDOLDQRV\IUDQFHVHV
/DVIXHQWHVPXVLFDOHVQRVLHPSUHFRLQFLGHQFRQODVOLWHUDULDVGHXQDSLH]D
(VORTXHVXFHGHFXDQGRXQDPHORGtDJHQHUDOPHQWHODGHXQDGHODVYRFHVHV
HOSXQWRGHSDUWLGDSDUDRWUDSLH]DPXVLFDOQXHYDTXHDGHPiVOOHYDXQDOHWUD
GLIHUHQWH$Vt YHPRV FyPR XQ WDO %HOPRQWH FRPSRVLWRU QR ELHQ LGHQWLÀFDGR
WRPyHOVXSHULXVGHODFDQFLyQGH8UUHGHSDUDVXFDQFLyQ3XHVPLGLFKDQRQ
FRQVLHQWH6HWUDWDGHXQDIRUPDGHGHVFHQGHQFLDPXVLFDOTXHHVLPSRVLEOHHQ
OLWHUDWXUD 1R REVWDQWH KD\ XQ FLHUWR SDUDOHOLVPR FRQ OD VLWXDFLyQ TXH VH RUL
JLQDFXDQGRXQSRHWDWRPDFRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDXQDREUDOLWHUDULDDMHQDHV
GHFLUFXDQGRJORVDXQPRWHRXQYLOODQFLFRDMHQRRFXDQGRXQSRHWDJORVDXQD
FDQFLyQ'HVGHOXHJRQRHVORPLVPRDSURSLDUVHGHXQDPHORGtDTXHJORVDUXQD
SLH]DDMHQDSHURODDFWLWXGGHFUHDUXQDREUDDSDUWLUGHDOJR\DFRQRFLGRHVXQ
IHQyPHQRWDQH[WHQGLGRHQODpSRFDWDQWRHQODP~VLFDFRPRHQODOLWHUDWXUD
+D\TXHGHFLUTXHVLHQORPXVLFDOHOIHQyPHQRHVHXURSHRHQHOFDPSRGHOD
OLWHUDWXUDODJORVDHVXQDIRUPDSRpWLFDWtSLFDPHQWHHVSDxRODGHORV;9,\;9,,
DXQTXHQDFLGDHQSOHQRVLJOR;9
$/(*25Ì$ < -8(*2
'HODVFDQFLRQHVGH&*IROVVyORXQDFRLQFLGHFRQXQDGH
ODV FDQFLRQHV GH 03 ©-XVWD IXH PL SHUGLFLyQª 6HxDOD 5RPHX )LJXHUDV
TXHHOYLOODQFLFRDOFDQ]DPD\RUYLWDOLGDGTXHODFDQFLyQHQORVSULPHURVDxRV
GHOVLJOR;9,\HVRH[SOLFDUtDTXHODPD\RUtDSURFHGDGHODSULPHUDVHFFLyQ
5HFLEtD HQWRQFHV XQ VXHOGR GH PDUDYHGtV \ XQD UDFLyQ GLDULD GH FLQFXHQWD PHGLGDV
GHWULJR$GHPiVVHOHGDEDQPDUDYHGtVGLDULRVSDUDPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHWUHVQLxRVQHJURVDORVTXH
LQVWUXtDHQHOFDQWRVHJ~QFXHQWDHO'XTXHGH$OEDHQ©'LVTXLVLFLRQHVDFHUFDGHOFDQWRUÁDPHQFR-XDQ
GH:UHGHª%ROHWtQGHOD5HDO$FDGHPLDGHOD+LVWRULD
$SDUHFHFLWDGRHQORVGRFXPHQWRVGH)HUQDQGRHO&DWyOLFRHQ3RUXQDUHDORUGHQSXEOL
FDGDHQMXQLRGHHVHDxRHQ0HGLQDGHO&DPSRD8UUHGHLQVFULWRFRPRPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGHOUH\VHOH
GDEDXQVXHOGRDQXDOGHPDUDYHGtVFRPHQ]DQGRHOGHDEULOGHHVHDxR/XHJRVHOHPHQFLRQD
XQLGRDODFRUWHHQ6HYLOODHQHQ9DOHQFLD\=DUDJR]DHQHQ7ROHGRHQ\HQ=DUDJR]D
\%DUFHORQDHQ5HFRMRHVWRVGDWRVHQPLHVWXGLR\HGLFLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGHOD&DWHGUDO
GH6HJRYLDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
(OQ~PHURUHODWLYDPHQWHHVFDVRGHFDQFLRQHVUHJLVWUDGDV>HQ03@
\ HO FDUiFWHU DUFDLFR GH XQ EXHQ Q~PHUR GH ODV PLVPDV SXHGHQ VHU
LQGLFLRGHTXHHOJpQHURLEDFD\HQGRHQXQFLHUWRGHVXVRHQWUHF
\FSRUORPHQRVHQORVDPELHQWHVPXVLFDOHV
(OHVWXGLRGHODVFRQFRUGDQFLDVOHKDFHFUHHUD-DQH:KHWQDOOTXH+HUQDQGR
GHO&DVWLOORTXLVRGHMDUIXHUDODVFDQFLRQHVFDQWDGDV\HVRH[SOLFDUtDODVHVFD
VDV FRQFRUGDQFLDV HQWUH ODV FDQFLRQHV GH 03 \ ODV GH &* 3HUR OD IDPD
GH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU\DGHEtDGHVHUSURYHUELDOHQWUHORVSRHWDVSXHVVH
FLWDHQ&*GHQWURGHGRVSLH]DVODUJDVFRPRFDQFLyQELHQFRQRFLGDSRUVX
DXGLWRULR *DUFL 6iQFKH] GH %DGDMR] OD FLWD HQ VX ,QÀHUQR GH DPRU &*
UREUDDOHJyULFDTXHVHVXPDDODPRGDGHXWLOL]DUHOOHQJXDMHUHOLJLRVRSDUD
SRWHQFLDUODLQWHQVLGDGGHODH[SHULHQFLDDPRURVD0iVTXHHQHO©,QIHUQRªGH
OD'LYLQD&RPHGLDGH'DQWHODDOHJRUL]DFLyQGHORVWRUPHQWRVGHORVDPDQWHV
SURFHGH GH SRHWDV IUDQFHVHV FRPR %DXGRLQ GH &RQGp \ (XVWDFKH 'HVFKDPSV
\VXLQFRUSRUDFLyQSHQLQVXODUHQHO,QÀHUQRGHORVHQDPRUDGRVGH6DQWLOODQD
3HURPLHQWUDVHO0DUTXpVGH6DQWLOODQDGHVFULEHGHVGHIXHUDODVYLYHQFLDVGHORV
DPDQWHV*DUFL6iQFKH]GH%DGDMR]SDUWLFLSDGHHVHWRUPHQWRFRPRXQRPiVGH
ORVPXFKRVSRHWDVDQWLJXRV\PRGHUQRVTXHGHVÀODQDQWHVXYLVWDGHVGH0DFtDV
KDVWDHOSURSLR%DGDMR]\VXVFRQWHPSRUiQHRV*HQHUDOPHQWHFDGDSRHWDDPDQWH
SURQXQFLDDOJXQRVYHUVRVVX\RVSHUR6DQFKRGH9HODVFRLQFRUSRUDHVWRVYHUVRV
GHOSULPHU'XTXHGH$OEDDVXGLVFXUVRHQODHVWURID;;;
9LDGRQ6DQFKRVXKHUPDQR
HQHOPLVPRIXHJRDUGHUVH
GHODPXHUWHWDQFHUFDQR
TXHQLpOSRGtHYDOHUVH
QLGDUDORWURODPDQR
GLFLHQGR©£4XpJUDQGRORU
TXHWHQJDPRVSRUVHxRU
DTXLHQFDXVDQXHVWURGDxR
¢SXHGHVHUPiVFODURHQJDxR"
QXQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
QLWRUPHQWRPiVHVWUDxRª
-5RPHX)LJXHUDV&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH3DODFLR6LJORV;9\;9,YROHQ/D0~VLFD
HQODeSRFDGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRV,9,%DUFHORQD&6,&SiJV
-DQH:KHWQDOO©6RQJDQG&DQFLRQHVLQWKH&DQFLRQHURJHQHUDOGHªHQ$'H\HUPRQG\
,0DFSKHUVRQHGV7KH$JHRIWKH&DWKROLF0RQDUFKV/LWHUDU\6WXGLHVLQ0HPRU\RI.HLWK
:KLQQRP/LYHUSRRO8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVSiJV
3DWULFN*DOODJKHU7KH/LIHDQG:RUNVRI*DUFL6iQFKH]GH%DGDMR]/RQGRQ7DPHVLV%RRNV
/LPLWHGSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
/D DSURSLDFLyQ GH HVWH tQFLSLW DMHQR QRV KDEOD GH VX SURYHUELDOL]DFLyQ \
SRUWDQWRGHXQDIXQFLyQHMHPSOLÀFDGRUDTXHDGYHUWLPRVOXHJRHQHOWHDWURGH
*LO9LFHQWH
0X\ GLIHUHQWH HV HO XVR GH QXHVWUD FDQFLyQ HQ HO -XHJR GH QDLSHV &*
UGH3LQDUSLH]DTXHSUHVHQWDHOLQWHUpVGHPRVWUDUQRVXQMXHJRFRUWHVDQR
GHVWLQDGR DO HQWUHWHQLPLHQWR IHPHQLQR &RQVWLWX\H DVt XQR GH HVRV HVFDVRV
WHVWLPRQLRVTXHGHMDQHQWUHYHUODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHODFRUWH/DU~EULFDLQLFLDO
GH&*DSRUWDXQRVGDWRVVLJQLÀFDWLYRV
(VXQMXHJRWUREDGRTXHKL]RDODUH\QDGRxD,VDEHOFRQHOFXDO
VHSXHGHMXJDUFRPRFRQGDGRVRQDLSHV\FRQpOVHSXHGHJDQDUR
SHUGHU\HFKDUHQFXHQWURRD]DU\KD]HUSDU/DVFRSODVVRQORVQDLSHV
\ODVFXDWURFRVDVTXHYDQHQFDGDXQDGHOODVKDQGHVHUODVVXHUWHV
/DVYDULDFLRQHVTXHSUHVHQWDODU~EULFDHQODHGLFLyQGHKDKHFKRSHQ
VDUTXHHOWH[WRIXHUHGDFWDGRSRU&DVWLOORFXHVWLyQGLVFXWLEOHVLSHQVDPRVTXH
HOREMHWLYRQRHUDRWURTXHHOGHDSXQWDUDOOHFWRUODVUHJODVGHOMXHJR4XHHUD
XQMXHJRGHVWLQDGRDODVGDPDVGHODFRUWHVHGHVSUHQGHGHXQDYDULDQWHGHOD
HGLFLyQGH©(VXQMXHJRWUREDGRTXHKL]RDODUH\QDGRxD,VDEHO\DODV
LQIDQWDV \ GDPDVª 6H WUDWD SRU WDQWR GH XQ MXHJR IHPHQLQR D GLIHUHQFLD GH
ORVRWURVGRVPiVDQWLJXRVTXHDQDOL]D0HQpQGH]&ROOHUDHQVXWHVLVGRFWRUDO
HQORVTXHQRVHHVSHFLÀFDHOVH[RGHORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHO-XHJRGHQDLSHVGH
)HUQDQGRGHOD7RUUH\HO$EHFHGDULXPDQyQLPRGHO&DQFLRQHURGH+HUEHUD\
GHV(VVDUWV&RPRHQHOORVHQHOMXHJRGH3LQDUVXE\DFHODLGHRORJtDGHODPRU
FRUWpV \ HQ OD SUiFWLFD VHUYtD SDUD WUDQVJUHGLU ORV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV UHTXLHEURV
DPRURVRV GH WDQWRV VXIULGRV DPDQWHV 3HUR ¢HQ TXp FRQVLVWtD GLFKR MXHJR \
TXpIXQFLyQWHQtDGHQWURGHpO1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU",QWHQWHPRVGHVYHODUODV
1DGDVDEHPRVGHHVWHDXWRUVDOYRTXHHQODWDEODGHO&DQFLRQHURJHQHUDOVHOHQRPEUDFRPR
*HUyQLPR3LQDU\FRPRKHUPDQRGH)ORUHQFLD3LQDU3RUODIHFKDGHFRPSRVLFLyQ\SRUODGHGLFDWRULD
GHO -XHJR GH QD\SHV VDEHPRV GH VX DFWLYLGDG HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV GHO VLJOR ;9 \ GH VX FHUFDQtD D OD
FRUWHGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRV
(OSRHPDKDUHFLELGRODDWHQFLyQGHYDULRVHVSHFLDOLVWDV5RVD1DYDUURHVWXGLDVXFRPSOHMLGDG
DOHGLWDUHODQyQLPR/LEURGHODV6XHUWHV0DGULG&6,&SiJV-3(WLHQYUHORUHODFLRQD
FRQRWURVMXHJRVGHQDLSHVHQ©(OMXHJRFRPROHQJXDMHHQODSRHVtDGHOD(GDGGH2URª(GDGGH2UR
,9UHFRJLGROXHJRHQVXV0iUJHQHVOLWHUDULRVGHOMXHJR8QDSRpWLFDGHOQDLSHVLJORV;9,;9,,
/RQGUHV7DPHVLV%RRNVSiJV(OHVWXGLRPiVGHWHQLGRHVHOGH$QD0HQpQGH]&ROOHUD
(OMXHJRGHOVLJOR;9/RVWUHVHMHPSORVPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYRV7HVLVGRFWRUDOLQpGLWD8QLYHUVLW\RI,OOLQRLV
DW8UEDQD&KDPSDLJQUHSURGXFLGDHQ80,0LFKLJDQ
3RQHHOpQIDVLVHQHVWHDVSHFWR-DFRER6DQ]+HUPLGD©(QWUHWHQLPLHQWRIHPHQLQRHQODFRUWH
GH,VDEHOGH&DVWLOODHO-XHJRWUREDGRGH-HUyQLPR3LQDUªHQ$0HQpQGH]&ROOHUD\95RQFHUR/y
SH]HGV1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU(VWXGLRVGHOLWHUDWXUDHVSDxRODHQKRPHQDMHD%ULDQ'XWWRQ&XHQFD
8QLYHUVLGDGGH&DVWLOOD/D0DQFKDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
UHJODV\ODVVLWXDFLRQHVDTXHGDEDOXJDU'HHQWUDGDVHQRVGLFHTXHVHMXJDED
FRQGDGRVRQDLSHVLJXDOTXHKR\VXFHGHFRQWDQWRVRWURVMXHJRV\FRPRHQ
WRGRMXHJRXQRVJDQDQ\RWURVSLHUGHQ&DGDFRSODUHSUHVHQWDEDXQQDLSH\FDGD
XQDWHQtDFXDWURVXHUWHVXQDYHXQiUEROXQDFDQFLyQ\XQUHIUiQ3DUHFHTXH
FDGDXQDGHODVGDPDVHOHJtDXQDFDUWDRODWHQtDDVLJQDGDGHHQWUDGDFRQODV
FXDWURVXHUWHV\OXHJRFRQXQGDGRXRWUDFDUWDOHFDtDRWUDHQVXHUWH(OUHVXO
WDGRSRGtDVHUHQFXHQWURFRQFXUUHQFLDGHGRVFDUWDVLJXDOHVRHPSDUHMDEOHVR
D]DUVXHUWHDGYHUVDTXHLPSHGtDMXJDUFRQIDFLOLGDG'HODVGpFLPDVODV
VHLVSULPHUDVHVWiQGHGLFDGDVDODIDPLOLDUHDO\ODVFXDUHQWDUHVWDQWHVDRWUDV
GDPDV$XQTXH OD YHUVLyQ SRpWLFD QR HV GHO WRGR H[SOtFLWD HQ ORV SRUPHQRUHV
GHOMXHJRSRGHPRVLPDJLQDUQRVODVRUSUHVDGHIHOLFLGDGRGHHQIDGRGHHVDV
GDPDVRFLRVDVDQWHXQDFDUWDTXHGLEXMDVLPEyOLFDPHQWHFRQVXVFXDWURVXHUWHV
ORVDWULEXWRVGHOJDOiQ1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUFRQVXYDORUDVHQWDGRGHTXHMD
LQFRPSDUDEOH VHUtD XQ KDODJR SDUD FXDOTXLHU GDPD FXDQGR ODV YLYHQFLDV TXH
H[WHULRUL]D VH DWULEX\HUDQ D XQ YDUyQ 6L OH KXELHUD FRUUHVSRQGLGR D OD GDPD
SDVDEDDVHUODVXIULGRUDSRUDQWRQRPDVLDGHORVGHVGHQHVPDVFXOLQRV
325 /$6 ,*/(6,$6 < &$7('5$/(6 '((63$f$ < '((8523$
'HODPLVPDPDQHUDTXHODSRHVtDUHOLJLRVDXWLOL]DUtDHQWRGRHO6LJORGH2UR
HOOHQJXDMHSURIDQRGHODPRUHUDKDELWXDOTXHORVP~VLFRVWRPDUDQODPHORGtD
GHFDQFLRQHVSURIDQDVFRPRWHPDGHVXVPLVDV$VtODPHORGtDGH1XQFDIXH
SHQD PD\RU SXGR VHU RtGD HQ LJOHVLDV \ FDWHGUDOHV GH EXHQD SDUWH GH (XURSD
GHELGRDTXHGRVP~VLFRVGHSULPHUDÀODFRPSXVLHURQVHQGDVPLVDVWRPDQGR
FRPR FDQWXV ÀUPXV VX PHORGtD XQR SHUWHQHFLy PXFKRV DxRV D OD FDSLOOD GH
)HUQDQGRHO&DWyOLFR)UDQFLVFR3HxDORVDHORWUR3LHUUHGHOD5XHVLUYLyORV
PHMRUHVDxRVGHVXYLGDSURIHVLRQDOHQODFDSLOODGH)HOLSHHO+HUPRVR$PERV
IXHURQPX\ELHQFRQRFLGRVHQHOWUiQVLWRGHOVLJOR;9DO;9,
3LHUUH GH OD 5XH IXH XQ FRPSRVLWRU ÁDPHQFR TXH QDFLy KDFLD \ VX
IDPDHVFRPSDUDEOHDODGH-RVTXLQ2EUHFKW,VDDF$JUtFRODR&RPSqUHWDQWR
SRU OD FDOLGDG FRPR SRU OD RULJLQDOLGDG \ OD GLYHUVLGDG GH VX REUD 6H OH YH
HQDFWLYRHQ6LHQDHQ\HQDxRVHQORVTXHODFDQFLyQGH8UUHGH
FRPR YHUHPRV HPSH]y D VHU FRQRFLGD HQ ,WDOLD &RPR OD PD\RU SDUWH GH ORV
FRPSRVLWRUHVIUDQFRÁDPHQFRVFRQRFLyGHFHUFDHQFRQWUDGHORTXHVHFUHtD
ODV FRUWHV UHQDFHQWLVWDV LWDOLDQDV 3HUR VX YLGD SURIHVLRQDO HVWXYR OLJDGR D OD
FRUWH ERUJRxRQD SXHV VH HVWDEOHFLy HQ OD FDSLOOD GH 0D[LPLOLDQR GH$XVWULD
DQWHVGHTXHpVWHIXHVHQRPEUDGRHPSHUDGRUHQ'HDOOtSDVyDODGHVX
6REUH'HOD5XHSURSRUFLRQDDEXQGDQWHLQIRUPDFLyQ0DUWtQ6WDHKHOLQ7KH1HZ*URYH'LFWLRQDU\
RI0XVLFDQG0XVLFLDQVHG6WDQOH\6DGLH/RQGUHV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
KLMR\KHUHGHUR)HOLSHHO+HUPRVRDTXLHQDFRPSDxyHQVXVGRVYLDMHVD(V
SDxD\HQHOSULPHURGHHOORVODFDSLOODGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRV
SXGRFRQIUDWHUQL]DUFRQODGHORVSUtQFLSHVKHUHGHURVHQ7ROHGRGRQGHDPEDV
FDQWDURQHOGHPD\RGHHQODFHUHPRQLDHQODTXH)HOLSH\-XDQDHUDQ
LQYHVWLGRVFRPRKHUHGHURVGH&DVWLOOD\$UDJyQ0XHUWRVXVHxRUHQWRGD
YtD'HOD5XHSHUPDQHFLyXQWLHPSRDOVHUYLFLRGHODYLXGDGRxD-XDQD3DUHFH
TXHQRUHJUHVyDORV3DtVHV%DMRVKDVWD1ROHIDOWDURQSXHVRFDVLRQHV
SDUDFRQRFHUWDPELpQHQ(VSDxDODFDQFLyQGH8UUHGH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
LQFOXVRODPLVDGH3HxDORVD$OPHQRVGHVGHVLUYLyHQODFDSLOODSULYDGD
GHO DUFKLGXTXH &DUORV DO TXH DFRPSDxy KDVWD IHFKD HQ TXH VH UHWLUy D
&RXUWUDLGRQGHPXULyHQ3LHUUHGHOD5XHHVDXWRUDOPHQRVGHPLVDV
TXL]i QRUPDOPHQWH EDVDGDV HQ PHORGtDV SURIDQDV FRPR OD GH OD FDQFLyQ
TXHQRVRFXSD\QRWDQWRHQFDQWRVOLW~UJLFRV/RVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVQRKDQSRGLGR
SUHFLVDUHQTXpIHFKDFRPSXVRODPLVD1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUDYYVLHQORV
~OWLPRVDxRVGHOVLJOR;9RHQORVSULPHURVGHO;9,SHURVtVHSXHGHVHxDODU
TXHVLJXLyHOSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHHUDPiVKDELWXDOHQWRUQRDODPHORGtD
SUHVWDGDVHXWLOL]DFRPRFDQWXVÀUPXVTXHDSDUHFHDOPHQRVXQDYH]HQFDGD
SDUWHGHODPLVD&RQYLHQHGHVWDFDUTXHVXVFRPSRVLFLRQHV³HQODWtQHQIUDQFpV
\HQQHHUODQGpV³DSDUHFHQHQWDQWRVPDQXVFULWRV\HQOXJDUHVWDQDOHMDGRVTXH
ODIDPDGHODPLVDUHVHxDGDQRSXGRSDVDULQDGYHUWLGD
8QRVGLH]DxRVPiVMRYHQHUD)UDQFLVFR3HxDORVDQDFLGRHQ7DODYHUDGHOD
5HLQDHQWRUQRD\TXHMXQWRFRQ$QFKLHWDHVHOFRPSRVLWRUHVSDxROPiV
LPSRUWDQWHGHODJHQHUDFLyQDQWHULRUDODGH&ULVWyEDO0RUDOHV,QJUHVyHQOD
FDSLOODUHDOGH$UDJyQHOGHPD\RGH\DOVHUYLFLRGHHVDFDSLOODHVWXYR
KDVWDTXHPXULyHOUH\)HUQDQGRHQ'HDOOtSDVyDODFDWHGUDOGH6HYLOOD
GHGRQGH\DHUDFDQyQLJRLQDEVHQWLDGHVGH,QYLWDGRDLUD5RPDVLUYLy
HQODFDSLOODGH/HyQ;,,,KDVWDODPXHUWHGHHVWHSRQWtÀFHHQ5HJUHVD
HQWRQFHVDVXFDQRQMtDGH6HYLOODGRQGHPXHUHHQ6XVPLVDVUHYHODQTXH
HVWXYRDOFRUULHQWHGHODVWpFQLFDVSROLIyQLFDVIUDQFRQHHUODQGHVDV3XGRFRQRFHU
ODFDSLOODGH)HOLSHHO+HUPRVRGRQGHÀJXUDED3LHUUHGHOD5XHFXDQGRDTXpO
YLVLWy(VSDxDFRPRKHUHGHURHQRHQVXVHJXQGRYLDMHFRPRUH\GH
&DVWLOODHQ3HxDORVDVLJXHHOSULQFLSLRIXQGDPHQWDOGHSDUWLU\PDQLSXODU
XQDPHORGtDSURIDQDFRPRFDQWXVÀUPXVJHQHUDOPHQWHHOWHQRUSHURTXHSXHGH
HPLJUDUDRWUDVYRFHVRLQÁXLUHQHOODVDGTXLULHQGRpVWDVXQDWH[WXUDLPLWDWLYD
7HVV.QLJKWRQVHxDODTXH©ODPHORGtDGHODFDQFLyQ1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUVH
FLWD HQ HO VXSHULXV GHO .\ULH VLJXLHQGR OLWHUDOPHQWH ORV YDORUHV GH OD YHUVLyQ
RULJLQDOª
7HVV .QLJKWRQ SUHVHQWD DEXQGDQWH LQIRUPDFLyQ GH HVWH FRPSRVLWRU HQ HO 'LFFLRQDULR GH OD
P~VLFD(VSDxRODH+LVSDQRDPHULFDQDGLU(&DVDUHV5RGLFLR6*$(
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
/RVHVSHFLDOLVWDVUHFRQRFHQODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHIHFKDUHVWDVPLVDVDFXGLHQGR
D FULWHULRV HVWLOtVWLFRV SHUR VH KD HVSHFXODGR TXH HVWDV GRV PLVDV EDVDGDV HQ
1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUVHSXGLHURQFRPSRQHUFRQPRWLYRGHODERGDGHORVKLMRV
GH ORV 5H\HV &DWyOLFRV HO SUtQFLSH -XDQ \ OD LQIDQWD -XDQD FRQ ORV KLMRV GHO
HPSHUDGRU0D[LPLOLDQRGH$XVWULD0DUtD\)HOLSHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHFHOHEUDGDV
HQ1RGHMDGHVHUXQDHVSHFXODFLyQSXHV3HxDORVDQRHQWUyHQODFDSLOOD
GH)HUQDQGRHO&DWyOLFRGLVWLQWDGHODFDVWHOODQDGH,VDEHOKDVWD
(1 /$6 &257(6 '(,7$/,$
5HVXOWDWDPELpQGLItFLOSUHFLVDUSRUTXpYtD\HQTXpPRPHQWROOHJy1XQFDIXH
SHQDPD\RUD,WDOLDSHURVXSUHVHQFLDHQYDULRVFDQFLRQHURVPXVLFDOHV\OLWHUD
ULRVDWHVWLJXDQVXp[LWRWHPSUDQRHQODVFRUWHVGHOQRUWHGH,WDOLD4XL]iODPiV
WHPSUDQDIXHQWHLWDOLDQDTXHODFRQVHUYDHVXQFDQFLRQHURPXVLFDOFRQVHUYDGRHQ
ODELEOLRWHFDULFDUGLDQD)5GH)ORUHQFLD\TXHVHYLHQHIHFKDQGRKDFLD
&RQWHPSRUiQHDHVODYHUVLyQGHO&KDQVRQQLHU3L[HUHFRXUW31TXHFRQVHU
YDVyORORVRFKRSULPHURVYHUVRV\TXHVHGHELyGHFRSLDUHQWUH\
'RVDxRVPiVWDUGHHQVHIHFKDXQPDQXVFULWRGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO
GH1iSROHV11GRQGHVHLQFOX\HFRQXQDJORVDGH+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]D
7DPELpQWUHVFDQFLRQHURVPXVLFDOHVFRQVHUYDGRVHQHO/LFHR0XVLFDOGH%RORQLD
FRQVHUYDQ HO LQFLSLW ³%/ %/ \ %/³ ORV GRV SULPHURV GDWDGRV D ÀQDOHV
GHOVLJOR;9\HOWHUFHURDSULQFLSLRVGHO;9,8QIUDJPHQWRGHXQFDQFLRQHUR
PXVLFDOGHKDFLDFRQVHUYDGRHQ2[IRUG2%&HQVXV,,SUHVHQWD
XQDYHUVLyQTXHVLQHVWDUWUDGXFLGDDOLWDOLDQRSUHVHQWDXQDFLHUWDLWDOLDQL]DFLyQ
JUiÀFD©1XQFDIXLWSHQDPDLRUQLWRUPHQWRWDQVWUDJQLRªWDPELpQGHEtDGH
HVWDULWDOLDQL]DGDODYHUVLyQUHFRJLGDHQXQFDQFLRQHURPXVLFDOÁRUHQWLQR)1
&HQVXV,GHKDFLDHQHOTXHVHSHUGLyHOIROLRGRQGHÀJXUDED
\VyORVHPHQFLRQDHQHOtQGLFHFRPR©1XQTXDPIXLWSHQDª
(OP~VLFR%DUWRORPHR7URPERQFLQRFRPSXVRXQDYHUVLyQVREUH1XQFDIXH
SHQDPD\RUTXHIXHSXEOLFDGDHQSRUHOFpOHEUHLPSUHVRUYHQHFLDQR2WWD
YLDQR3HWUXFFLHQVXWHUFHUOLEURGHIURWWRODV/DLPSRUWDQFLDGHODVHGLFLRQHVGH
HVWHJUDQLPSUHVRUGHP~VLFDHVSUXHEDEDVWDQWHGHVXDPSOLDGLIXVLyQ7URP
ERQFLQRIXHXQLQWHUHVDQWHP~VLFRQDFLGRHQODUHJLyQGH9HQHFLDKDFLD
\HVUHFRUGDGRHQODVKLVWRULDVGHODP~VLFDFRPRXQRGHORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV
)XHSXEOLFDGRSRU-XOHVOH&RXOWUH\9LFWRU6FKXOW]H6RQHFWLFRPSRVWLSHU0-RKDQQH$QWRQLR
GH3HWUXFFLLV&RQWHGL3ROLFDVWURGHDJRVWRQRYLHPEUHSXEOLFDWRSHUODSULPDYROWDGLHWURLO
PDQRVFULWWRGHOOD%LEOLRWHFD1D]LRQDOHGL1DSROL%RORQLD3UHVVR*DHWDQR5RPDJQROL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
FRPSRVLWRUHVGHIURWWRODVGHSULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;9,(VWXYRYLQFXODGRDOD
FRUWHGH0DQWXDGHDSHURGHVGHDOOtYLDMyFRQIUHFXHQFLDSRUODV
FLXGDGHVYHFLQDVGH0RQIHUUDWR3DYtD\0LOiQ/XHJRHQWUH\VLUYLy
HQODFRUWHGH)HUUDUDGRQGHVHHQFRQWUDED/XFUHFLD%RUJLD\HQVXV~OWLPRV
DxRV HVWXYR DO VHUYLFLR GHO GRJR GH9HQHFLD 0XULy HQ R SRFR GHVSXpV
&XDWUR GH VXV FRPSRVLFLRQHV OOHYDQ WH[WRV WRWDO R SDUFLDOPHQWH FDVWHOODQRV \
SUREDEOHPHQWH HVWiQ UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ VX VHUYLFLR D /XFUHFLD %RUJLD TXH HUD
GHRULJHQHVSDxRO1XHVWUDFDQFLyQFRQP~VLFDGH7URPERQFLQRVHWUDQVIRUPD
HQ1XQTXDPIXSHQDPDJLRUHTXHHQODYHUVLyQGH)&TXHFRSLD'XWWRQGLFH
ORVLJXLHQWH
1XQTXDPIXSHQDPDJLRUH
QHWRUPHQWRWDQWRVWUDQR
&KHOVHUYLUHVSHVVRLQYDQR
HWURYDVLHQGLVIDYRUH
1XQTXDPIXSHQDPDJLRUH
QHWRUPHQWRWDQWRVWUDQR
6WUDQDYLWDHPLVHUVRUWH
(GHFKLVHUYHQGRYHGH
6XHIDWLFKHDGDOWULSRUWH
1HSHUORUHVVHUPHUFHGH
6HOQRQKDYHQWXUDIHGH
3RFKRYDODOVHUYLWRUH
$XQTXHIXHPX\IDYRUHFLGRSRU)UDQFHVFR*RQ]DJD\VXPXMHU,VDEHOODG(VWHVXHVWDQFLDHQ
0DQWXDSDUHFHTXHIXHPX\WRUPHQWRVD(QKX\yD9HQHFLD\VyORUHJUHVySRUODLQVLVWHQFLDGH
VXSDGUHHQGLRPXHUWHDVXHVSRVDGHVSXpVGHHQFRQWUDUODFRQVXDPDQWH(QGHDEULO
)UDQFHVFR*RQ]DJDHVFULELyD0DUFR/DQGRGH9HURQDGLFLpQGROHTXH7URPERQFLQR©KDGHMDGRQXHVWUR
VHUYLFLRVLQSHUPLVR\GHXQPRGRGHSORUDEOHDSHVDUGHVHUHOPHMRUSDJDGR\HOTXHWHQtDPHMRUWUDWR
\PD\RUOLEHUWDGTXHFXDOTXLHURWURFRUWHVDQRHQQXHVWUDFDVDª'HDDSDUHFHDOVHUYLFLRGH
/XFUHFLD %RUJLD HQ )HUUDUD DXQTXH HQ SXGR HVWDU HQ 0DQWXD FXDQGR SXVR P~VLFD D XQD SRHVtD
GH3HWUDUFDSDUDGHGLFiUVHODD,VDEHOODG(VWH(QIHEUHURGHFDQWDHQHO©LQWHUPHGLRªGXUDQWHOD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHGRVFRPHGLDVGH3ODXWR$VLQDULD\&DVLQDUHSUHVHQWDGDVSDUDFHOHEUDUODVERGDVGH
/XFUHFLD%RUJLD\$OIRQVRG(VWHHQ)HUUDUD(QVHHQFXHQWUDDOVHUYLFLRGHOGRJRGH9HQHFLD\
DVXVHUYLFLRHVWDUiKDVWDFXDQGRFRPSXVRXQWUtRSDUDHOFDUQDYDO(VHOPiVSUROtÀFRIURWWROLVWD
\FRPSXVRSLH]DVHQORVYDULDGRVJpQHURVTXHVHFXOWLYDEDQHQOD,WDOLDGHVXpSRFD&RPSXVRSLH]DV
UHOLJLRVDV\SURIDQDVHQODWtQSHURVXVIURWWRODVOOHYDQWH[WRVGHORVPiVSUHVWLJLRVRVSRHWDVGHVXJHQH
UDFLyQSXVRP~VLFDDSRHPDVGH3HWUDUFDVHLVGH*DOHRWWRFLQFRGH'DOO$TXLODGRVGH6DQQD]DUR
\PXFKRVRWURVSRHWDVFOiVLFRV\UHQDFHQWLVWDV7RPRODLQIRUPDFLyQVLJXLHQWHGH:LOOLDP)3UL]HUHQ
7KH1HZ*URYH'LFWLRQDU\FLW
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
1XQTXDPIX
&RQVSHUDQ]DGHOVHUYLWLR
6HGLVSHQVDRJQLJLRUQDWD
$VSHFWDQGRHOEHQHÀWLR
6HQRQRJLXQDOWUDÀDWD
0DTXLVHUYHDJHQWHLQJUDWD
3HUGHLOWHPSRLJLRUQHHORUH
1XQTXDPIX
0DVHSXUTXLHQVHUYLUH
)DFLDFRQWRGLVWHQWDUH
&HFKRPXWRVHQ]DDUGLUH
(WRJQRUDVLPXODUH
&KHOQRQSXRPROWRGXUDUH
&KHOYHUGLFKDDGXQVLJQRUH
1XQTXDPIXHSHQD
&RPRVHSXHGHDSUHFLDUODOHWUDLWDOLDQDFRQP~VLFDGH7URPERQFLQRFRQVHUYD
HOVHQWLGRJHQHUDOGHODFRPSRVLFLyQFDVWHOODQDSHURORGHVDUUROODSRUH[WHQVR
HQWUHVHVWURIDVGHVHLVYHUVRVFDGDXQD
(1 (/ 7($752 32578*8e6
7HDWUR\P~VLFDSDUHFHTXHVHUHODFLRQDURQGHVGHORVPiVUHPRWRVWLHPSRV
GH OD$QWLJHGDG \ GHVGH OXHJR HQ HO WHDWUR GH *LO 9LFHQWH OD P~VLFD HV XQ
HOHPHQWRPX\LPSRUWDQWH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUWXYRTXHVHUFRQRFLGDSRUOD
DULVWRFUDFLDSRUWXJXHVD DQWHV GH TXH *LO9LFHQWH HQ WUHV GH VXV REUDV OD PHQ
FLRQDVH SRU HO SULPHU YHUVR FRPR FDQFLyQ \D FRQRFLGD SRU VX DXGLWRULR *LO
9LFHQWHLQLFLyHQVXFRODERUDFLyQWHDWUDOHQODFRUWHGH0DQXHO,XQRGHORV
PRQDUFDVPiVULFRVGHVXWLHPSRJUDQLPSXOVRUGHODDUTXLWHFWXUDTXHOHGHEH
VXQRPEUHGHODVDUWHV\FHOHEUDFLRQHVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOULFRFRPHUFLR
FRQ ODV FRORQLDV UHFLpQ GHVFXELHUWDV QR KDFtD PXFKR TXH HVWH PRQDUFD KDEtD
OOHJDGRDOSRGHUTXHVHH[WHQGLyGHD/RVHVSHFWiFXORVHQHOYLHMR
SDODFLR GH$OFioRYD GHQWUR GHO FDVWLOOR GH 6DQ -RUJH \ OXHJR HQ HO SDODFLR
UHFLpQFRQVWUXLGRSRU0DQXHO,MXQWRDO7DMRIXHURQPX\IUHFXHQWHV1RUHVXOWD
H[WUDxRTXHHOUHSHUWRULROLWHUDULR\PXVLFDOHVSDxROUHFDODVHHQ3RUWXJDOSXHV
ORV PDWULPRQLRV KLVSDQRSRUWXJXHVHV SRU DTXHOORV DxRV IXHURQ XQRV FXDQWRV
1R KDFH IDOWD UHFRUGDU TXH OD UHLQD D TXLHQ 5RPiQ GHGLFy VX JORVD HUD GRxD
-XDQDGH3RUWXJDOODVHJXQGDHVSRVDGH(QULTXH,9'HODERGDGHOD%HOWUDQHMD
FRQ$OIRQVR9GH3RUWXJDOKHFKRTXHGHVHQFDGHQDODJXHUUDFLYLOHQWUH\
SRUODVXFHVLyQDOWURQRGH(QULTXH,9QRSDUHFHTXHVHSXGLHUDQGHULYDU
LQWHUFDPELRVPXVLFDOHV0DQXHO,VHFDVyHQFRQ,VDEHOODSULPRJpQLWDGH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
ORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRVYLXGDGHOKHUHGHURSRUWXJXpVVXVREULQR$OIRQVR$OPRULU
ODSULQFHVDHVSDxROD 0DQXHO , FDVy HQ HQ VHJXQGDV QXSFLDV FRQ 0DUtD
FXxDGDGHOSURSLRUH\\HQHQWHUFHUDVFRQ/HRQRUKHUPDQDGH&DUORV
9/DDÀFLyQDOOXMRGH0DQXHO,VHYLRFROPDGDHQHOQXHYRSDODFLRUHDOSDUD
HOTXHQRUHSDUyHQJDVWRVHQORUHIHUHQWHDODVGLYHUVLRQHVGHVXFRUWH
(OQXHYRPRQDUFDH[WURYHUWLGRDPLJRGHODVDUWHVGHODVOHWUDV\
GHODP~VLFDQRSRGtDGHVFXLGDUODVYHODGDVHQVXSDODFLRGRQGHVH
GDEDQFLWDHVFULWRUHVGDQGRFXHQWDGHVXVDEHU\VHQVLELOLGDGP~VLFRV\
FDQWRUHVKDFLpQGRVHRtUKRPEUHVGHFLHQFLD\ÀOyVRIRVLQWHUFDPELDQGR
LGHDV GDPDV LQWHOLJHQWHV \ JHQWLOHV JDUDQWL]DQGR HO EXHQ JXVWR \ HO
FXOWRGHORVEXHQRVPRGDOHV(QFXDQWRDODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVWHDWUD
OHVVHUtDGLItFLODGPLWLUTXHHVWDVQRRFXSDVHQXQHVSDFLRUHOHYDQWH
GDGRHOFRQVDELGROXJDUGHSULYLOHJLRTXHSRVHtDQHQODMHUDUTXtDGH
ODVDSHWHQFLDVFRUWHVDQDV8QDVYHFHVHVSHFWiFXORHVFHQRJUiÀFRRWUDV
PXFKDVSDODEUD\JHVWRODVSLH]DVGHOJpQHURREWXYLHURQVLHPSUHHO
DSODXVR \ OD EXHQD DFRJLGD HQ OD FRUWH GH 0DQXHO , FRPR HQ OD GH
-RDR,,,VXVXFHVRU
1XQFD IXH SHQD PD\RU WXYR TXH VHU FRQRFLGD WHPSUDQDPHQWH HQ OD FRUWH
SRUWXJXHVDSHURODSULPHUDREUDYLFHQWLQDHQTXHODYHPRVPHQFLRQDGDHVHQHO
$XWRGDEDUFDGDJOyULDUHSUHVHQWDGDSUREDEOHPHQWHHOGRPLQJRGH5HVXUUHFFLyQ
GHHQHOSDODFLRGH$OPHLULPHQSUHVHQFLDGH0DQXHO,3RUHQWRQFHVHOUH\
\DKDEtDDPSOLDGRGLFKRSDODFLRSDUDUHVLGLUHQpOSDUWHGHODxR\HOPDUFRQR
SRGtDVHUPiVDULVWRFUiWLFR<DDQWHV*LO9LFHQWHKDEtDHVWUHQDGRVHQGRVDXWRV
GHGLFDGRVDOLQÀHUQR\DOSXUJDWRULRHQXQDHVSHFLHGHUHFUHDFLyQDOHJyULFDGHODV
GDQ]DVGHODPXHUWHSXHVHQWRGRVHOORVVHSODQWHDHOSUREOHPDGHODVDOYDFLyQ
RFRQGHQDGHODVDOPDV0LHQWUDVHQORVGRVSULPHURVPXFKRVGHORVSHUVRQD
MHVVHFRQGHQDQHQHOGHODJORULDHOIXWXURHVPiVJUDWLÀFDQWHSXHVWRGRVORV
SHUVRQDMHVVRQGHDOWDDOFXUQLD³XQ&RQGHXQ'XTXHXQ5H\XQ(PSHUDGRU
XQ2ELVSRXQ$U]RELVSRXQ&DUGHQDO\XQ3DSD³VHPXHVWUDQDUUHSHQWLGRV
\VHVDOYDQSDUWLHQGRWRGRVMXQWRVKDFLDODJORULD(OGLDEORYDLQWHUSHODQGRD
FDGDXQR\DOGLULJLUVHDOUH\OHGLFHDpVWHTXHVHUiPRUDGRU
6RQSDODEUDVGH0DULD,GDOLQD5HVLQD5RGUtJXH]HQVX©,QWURGXFFLyQªD*LO9LFHQWH$XWRGD
EDUFDGDJOyULD1DRGDPRUHV0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJV
(Q HVWH SDODFLR \D VH KDEtD UHSUHVHQWDGR HO $XWR GD )p \ OXHJR ORV DXWRV YLFHQWLQRV
'RP'XDUGRV-Xt]GD%HLUD7HPSORGH$SROR\%UHYH6XPDULRGD+LVWyULDGH'HRV(QpOVHFDVDUtD
&DUORV9FRQ,VDEHOGH3RUWXJDO\VXKLMR)HOLSH,,FRQ0DUtDGH3RUWXJDO
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
QDTXHOORVIXHJRVTXHYHLV
\OORUDQGRFDQWDUpLV
1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
1R KDFH IDOWD GHFLU TXH HO DXGLWRULR FRQRFtD SHUIHFWDPHQWH HVWD FDQFLyQ
(VWDSLH]DVHHVFULELy\VHUHSUHVHQWyHQFDVWHOODQRSHUR1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
DSDUHFHLQVHUWDGDLJXDOPHQWHHQGRVSLH]DVHVFULWDVHQSRUWXJXpVQDGDH[WUDxR
HQXQDFRUWHELOLQJH
/D WUDJLFRPHGLD DOHJyULFD &RUWHV GH -~SLWHU IXH HVFULWD FRQ PRWLYR GH OD
SDUWLGDGHODLQIDQWDGRxD%HDWUL]GXTXHVDGH6DER\D\UHSUHVHQWDGDHQ/LV
ERDHQHQHOODTXHULHQGRKDFHU'LRVPHUFHGDGLFKDVHxRUD©PDQGRXVXD
3URYLGHQFLDSRUPHVVDJHLUDD-~SLWHU5H\GRVHOHPHQWRVTXHÀ]HVVHFRUWHVHP
TXHVHFRQFHUWDVVHPSODQHWDVHVLQRVHPIDYRUGHVXDYLDJHPª/DREUDFRQWy
FRQXQDULFD\DQLPDGDHVFHQRJUDItDSXHVORVQREOHV\ODVGDPDVGHODGXTXHVD
VH WUDQVIRUPDQ HQ FDVWLOORV R SHFHV R YDQ VREUH ORV iQJHOHV \ VLJXLHQGR XQ
SHUVRQDMHDXQDOLQGDGDPD
&DQWDUiFRPPDOWDPDQKR
RWULVWHVHXVHUYLGRU
1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
QLWRUPHQWRWDQHVWUDxR
2WUDVFDQFLRQHVFDVWHOODQDV\SRUWXJXHVDVVLQGXGDFRQRFLGDVSRUHODXGLWRULR
VRQFLWDGDVSRUHOtQFLSLW\SXHVWDVHQERFDGHGLVWLQWRVSHUVRQDMHV
)UDJRDG$PRUIXHUHSUHVHQWDGDHQRWUDFLXGDGLPSRUWDQWHHQeYRUDFRQ
PRWLYR GH ODV ÀHVWDV GH ERGD GHO UH\ -RDR ,,, KLMR \ VXFHVRU GH 0DQXHO , DO
FDVDUVH FRQ GRxD &DWDULQD HQ (Q OD REUD VH PHQFLRQD 1XQFD IXH SHQD
PD\RUMXQWRDRWUDVFDQFLRQHVFRQRFLGDVFRPRHQODREUDDQWHULRUUHFXUVRTXH
GHEtD GH VHU PX\ FDUR DO DXGLWRULR (Q HVWH FDVR HV XQ SHUHJULQR TXLHQ VH OD
RIUHFHFRPRFRQVXHORD9HQXVPLHQWUDVEXVFDDVXKLMR&XSLGR
3RUTXpQRDQGiLVFDQWDQGR
SHUGLHQGRWDOGLRVGHDPRU
1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RU
QLWRUPHQWRWDQHVWUDxR
TXHLJXDOHFRQHOGRORU
*LO9LFHQWH$XWRGDEDUFDGDJOyULDHGFLWSiJ
0DUTXHV%UDJDHG*LO9LFHQWH2EUDVFRPSOHWDV9RO,9&RUWHVGH-~SLWHUSiJV
FLWHQSiJ
0DUTXHV%UDJDHG*LO9LFHQWH2EUDVFRPSOHWDV9RO,9)UDJRDG$PRUSiJVFLW
HQSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©181&$)8(3(1$0$<25ª2(/e;,72,17(51$&,21$/'(81$&$1&,Ð1«
$ODYLVWDGHORVHMHPSORV\GHORVFRQWH[WRVFLWDGRVODFDQFLyQOOHJyDFRQ
YHUWLUVHHQODFRUWHSRUWXJXHVDHQXQFDQWDUSURYHUELDOL]DGRDOTXHVHUHFXUUtD
HQHOWHDWURFXDQGRXQSHUVRQDMHGHEtDH[SUHVDUXQGRORUH[WUHPR/DIHFKDV
H[WUHPDVGHODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV\QRVLQGLFDTXHODFDQFLyQHVWXYR
YLJHQWH DO PHQRV GXUDQWH HO UHLQDGR GH 0DQXHO , \ HO GH VX KLMR -RDR ,,, (Q
ODFRUWHSRUWXJXHVDVHFRQRFtDSHUIHFWDPHQWHHOUHSHUWRULRPXVLFDOFDVWHOODQR
GHELGRDODSUR[LPLGDGJHRJUiÀFD\DORVDEXQGDQWHVOD]RVPDWULPRQLDOHVQR
HV H[WUDxR SXHV TXH *LO 9LFHQWH SRHWD ELOLQJH HQ XQD FRUWH ELOLQJH FLWH
RWUDV GRV FRPSRVLFLRQHV FRQWHQLGDV HQ HO &DQFLRQHUR PXVLFDO GH OD &DWHGUDO
GH6HJRYLD$OGRORUGHPLFXLGDGR\+DUWRGHWDQWDSRUItD
683(59,9(1&,$6 7$5'Ì$6
(QORV~OWLPRVGtDVGHO(PSHUDGRU&DUORV91XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUVHJXtD
YLYD HQWUH ORV PHMRUHV P~VLFRV HXURSHRV$QWRQLR %DUUp IXH XQ FRPSRVLWRU H
LPSUHVRUIUDQFpVTXHDSDUWLUGHHPSH]yDSXEOLFDUVXSURSLDP~VLFD\OD
GHRWURVFRPSRVLWRUHV5HDOL]yVREUHQXHVWUDFDQFLyQXQDYHUVLyQDYYTXH
YLRODOX]SUHFLVDPHQWHHQ\OXHJRVHUHLPSULPLyHQ%DUUpHVWXYR
HQ5RPDHQODGpFDGDGHORV\DOOtHQIXHWHVWLJRGHOFpOHEUHGHEDWH
HQWUH9LFHQWLQR\/XVLWDQR'HVGHIXHFDQWRUGHODFDSLOOD*LXOLDHQHO9D
WLFDQRSRUORPHQRVKDVWD\TXL]iDOJ~QDxRPiVSXHVORVOLEURVFRQWDEOHV
GHDVHKDQSHUGLGRHQ\DQRVHHQFXHQWUDHQGLFKDQyPLQD
1R SXHGR RSLQDU VREUH OD RULJLQDOLGDG R VREUH OD SRSXODULGDG GH VX YHUVLyQ
SHURQRFDEHGXGDUGHODGLIXVLyQGHVXYHUVLyQGH1XQFDIXHSHQDPD\RUHQOD
VHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,SXHVODFDOLGDGGHODVHGLFLRQHVGH%DUUpHQWUH
HOODVSULPHUDVHGLFLRQHVGH$UFDGHOW3DOHVWULQDHWFGHPXHVWUDQHOJXVWR\HO
SUHVWLJLRTXHDOFDQ]DURQODVHGLFLRQHVGHHVWHLPSUHVRU
),1$/
+HLQWHQWDGRUHFRQVWUXLUODSHUYLYHQFLDGHHVWDFDQFLyQ³OHWUD\P~VLFD³HQ
HORWRxRGHOD(GDG0HGLDSHQLQVXODU\HXURSHD'HVGHORV~OWLPRVGtDVGH(Q
ULTXH,9HQODFRUWHGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRVHQODGHORVPRQDUFDVSRUWXJXHVHV
\HQODVUHS~EOLFDVHVWDGRGHOQRUWHGH,WDOLDODFDQFLyQSDVyDVHUSDUDGLJPD
GH ORV VXIULPLHQWRV GHO DPDQWH FRUWHVDQR 6X p[LWR FRPR HO GH RWUDV PXFKDV
FDQFLRQHV GLR SLH D TXH GRV FpOHEUHV FRPSRVLWRUHV OD WRPDUDQ FRPR EDVH HQ
8QDH[SOLFDFLyQDPSOLDGHHVWHIHQyPHQRSXHGHYHUVHHQ0DUJLW)UHQN©5HIUDQHVFDQWDGRV\
FDQWDUHVSURYHUELDOL]DGRVªHQ(VWXGLRVVREUHOtULFDDQWLJXD0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJV
7RPR HVWRV GDWRV GH$LGD )HUQDQGD 'LDV 2 ©&DQFLRQHLUR JHUDOª H D SRHVLD SHQLQVXODU GH
TXDWURFHQWRVFRQWDFWRVHVREUHYLYrQFLD&RLPEUD$OPHGLQDSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
9Ì&725'(/$0$
VHQGDV PLVDV 3RHVtD \ P~VLFD SURIDQD MXHJR FRUWHVDQR \ DOHJRUtD WHDWUR \
UHOLJLyQ VRQ PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV FRUWHVDQDV HQ ODV TXH XQD FDQFLyQ FRPR 1XQFD
IXHSHQDPD\RUUHSUHVHQWyDOPHQRVGXUDQWHHO~OWLPRFXDUWRGHOVLJOR;9\OD
SULPHUDPLWDGGHO;9,ODH[SUHVLyQGHODPDQWHFRUWHVDQRTXHVXIUHORVGHVGHQHV
GHODGDPD0XFKRV PiVWHVWLPRQLRVVHUtDQQHFHVDULRVSDUDUHFXSHUDUODYLGD
GH HVWD FDQFLyQ FRUWHVDQD$OJXQRV PiV LUiQ DSDUHFLHQGR SHUR HVH VHUi RWUR
FDStWXORGHHVWDKLVWRULD
9Ì&725 '(/$0$
8QLYHUVLGDG&RPSOXWHQVHGH0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$
/$69(56,21(6'(/&$1&,21(52086,&$/'(
217,1<(17<27526&$1&,21(526
$$QGUpV2UWHJDGHOÉODPR
/23( '(9(*$ 0Ô6,&2
'HFtD)UDQFLVFR$VHQMR%DUELHULKDEODQGRGHFLHUWRVSDVDMHVGH/D'RURWHD
TXH©TXLHQWDOHVFULELyQRVyORFRQRFtDODP~VLFDWHyULFDPHQWHVLQRTXHHVWDED
LQLFLDGRKDVWDHQORVPiVSHTXHxRVDFFLGHQWHVUHVHUYDGRVSRUORUHJXODUVyORDO
TXH KDFH IUHFXHQWH SUiFWLFD GHO DUWHª 6LQ HPEDUJR FRPR KD UHVXPLGR 3DVWRU
&RPtQHQXQUHFLHQWHDUWtFXORVREUHHOURPDQFHURPXVLFDOGH/RSHGH9HJD©KDVWD
QRVRWURVKDQOOHJDGRQRWLFLDVGLVSHUVDVQRVyORGHODVUHODFLRQHVTXH/RSHGH9HJD
PDQWXYR FRQ HO HQWRUQR PXVLFDO GH VX pSRFD VLQR WDPELpQ GH VX SDUWLFLSDFLyQ
HQHOFXOWLYRGHHVWHDUWHªGHPDQHUDTXHQRSRGHPRVVRVWHQHU\DDÀUPDFLRQHV
DWUHYLGDVRJUDWXLWDVVyORFRPSUHVLEOHVSRUORVFRQWH[WRVFDVLKDJLRJUiÀFRVHQORV
TXHVHSURGXMHURQVREUHODVKDELOLGDGHVGHXQ/RSHWDPELpQJHQLRPXVLFDO
- %DO \ *D\ 7UHLQWD FDQFLRQHV GH /RSH GH 9HJD 0DGULG 5HVLGHQFLD GH (VWXGLDQWHV SiJ
-XDQ -RVp 3DVWRU &RPtQ ©6REUH HO URPDQFHUR PXVLFDO GH /RSH GH9HJDª $QXDULR /RSH GH
9HJD,9SiJV$VtFRPR©FLHUWRDWUHYLPLHQWRªDGMHWLYDFRQVXDYLGDG3DVWRU&RPtQ
ODSRVLFLyQGH(QWUDPEDVDJXDVFXDQGRDÀUPDVLQGXGDUTXH©/RSHHUDP~VLFRVHJ~QVHVDEH\WRFDED
HOYLROtQFRQKDELOLGDGQDGDYXOJDUªSiJ<WDPSRFRVHSXHGHQDFRJHUVLQXQJUDGRHOHYDGRGH
UHVHUYD OD GHIHQVD ©KDJLRJUiÀFDª GH 0RQWDOYiQ VREUH TXH /RSH ©DQWHV GH FXPSOLU GRFH DxRV WHQtD
WRGDVODVJUDFLDVTXHSHUPLWHODMXYHQWXGFXULRVDGHORVPR]RVFRPRHVGDQ]DUFDQWDU\WUDHUELHQOD
HVSDGDªDSXG-%DO\*D\RSFLWSiJ
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
7HQHPRV KR\ JXtDV PXFKR PiV ÀDEOHV SDUD HQIRFDU FDEDOPHQWH OD IDFHWD
PXVLFDO GH /RSH GH 9HJD \ HQWUH HOODV OD GH 0LJXHO 4XHURO DXWRU GHO PiV
FRPSOHWRHVWXGLRHVFULWRKDVWDHOPRPHQWRVREUHODGLIXVLyQPXVLFDOGHODREUD
GHO)pQL[GHORVLQJHQLRV4XHUROGHVWDFDFyPR/RSH©DSUHQGLyORVSULPHURV
UXGLPHQWRV GH P~VLFD \ SRpWLFD HQ VX LQIDQFLD FRQ HO SRHWD P~VLFR 9LFHQWH
(VSLQHOªFyPRSHUIHFFLRQDUtDOXHJRVXIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDOGXUDQWHVHLVDxRVR
PiVHQ$OFDOiGH+HQDUHVFyPRHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGDOFDODtQDVHKDEtDQFRPHQ
]DGRDLPSDUWLUHVWXGLRVGH0~VLFDGHVGHOD&iWHGUDGH0DWHPiWLFDVDSDUWLU
GHO HQFDUJR TXH HO FDUGHQDO &LVQHURV VX IXQGDGRU HQFRPHQGDUD QDGD PHQRV
TXH D 3HGUR &LUXHOR TXH LPSDUWtD SUHYLDPHQWH HQ OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 3DUtV OD
PDWHULDGH0~VLFD GHQWUR GH VX &XUVXV GH 0DWHPiWLFDV4XHURO LQVLVWH HQ OD
WUDGLFLyQ\VROHUDGHOD,PSUHQWD0XVLFDOGHHVWD8QLYHUVLGDGTXHLPSULPLUtD
HQWUHRWUDVFRVDVHQHO/LEURGH&LIUD1XHYDGH9HQHJDVGH+HQHVWURVD
OD FROHFFLyQ GH yUJDQR PiV LPSRUWDQWH GH OD pSRFD GHO (PSHUDGRU &DUORV 9
$Vt©/RSHGXUDQWHVXHVWDQFLDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OFDOiGHELyHVWXGLDUVH
ULDPHQWHOD0~VLFDSDUDSRGHUREWHQHUHOWtWXORGH%DFKLOOHU>@3RUHOORVXV
H[WHQVRVFRQRFLPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHVWUDVFLHQGHQDORODUJRGHWRGDVXSURGXFFLyQ
OLWHUDULDª3HURHVTXHDGHPiVGHVSXpV©WXYRWRGDYtDODRFDVLyQGHDPSOLDUVXV
FRQRFLPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHVGXUDQWHORVDxRV\HQTXHUHVLGLy\HVWXGLy
HQ6DODPDQFDDVLVWLHQGRDODVFODVHVGHOPDHVWURWHyULFR\FRPSRVLWRU)UDQFLVFR
GH6DOLQDVTXHUHJHQWyODFiWHGUDGHP~VLFDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGVDOPDQWLFHQVH
HQHOSHUtRGRª&RQFDXWHODVLQDYHQWXUDUGHGXFFLRQHVH[DJHUDGDV
VREUHXQDSUiFWLFDPXVLFDORFRPSRVLWLYDGHODTXHQRWHQHPRVFRQVWDQFLDFODUD
UHVXPH4XHUROTXHORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHVGH/RSH©IRUPDEDQSDUWHGHVX
EDJDMHFXOWXUDO\SRUHOORFRQODPD\RUQDWXUDOLGDGDÁX\HQDVXSOXPDFXDQGR
PHQRV VH HVSHUD SDODEUDV FRQFHSWRV H LPiJHQHV SHUWHQHFLHQWHV DO PXQGR GH
ODP~VLFDª
'HVWDFDUiLJXDOPHQWH4XHUROHOKHFKRGHTXH/RSHXWLOLFHSRUGRTXLHUDOR
ODUJR GH VX REUD XQD WHUPLQRORJtD PXVLFDO WpFQLFD \ SUHFLVD /RSH KDEOD GH
OD P~VLFD DUPyQLFD RUJiQLFD \ PpWULFD GH ORV JpQHURV GLDWyQLFR FURPiWLFR
\HQKDUPyQLFRGHODFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDGHORVVRQHVODDUPRQtDGHODVYRFHV\
ODGLVWDQFLDGHVXVQ~PHURVGHORVLQWHUYDORVGHSULPHUDVHJXQGDHWFGHORV
EHPROHVVRVWHQLGRVDORVTXHOODPDWDPELpQVXVWHQWDGRVRGLHVLGHORVWRQRV
\VHPLWRQRVGHOFRPSiVGHODVHPLPtQLPD\GHODIXJDGHORV©SDVRVGHJDU
JDQWDªGHO©FDQWDUHQIDOVHWHªGHO©FDQWRFRQHFRª\GHORV©9LOODQFLFRVFRQ
HFRª GH ORV SXQWRV QRWDV PXVLFDOHV GH ODV OLJDGXUDV GH OD VROID GHO DWULO
0LJXHO4XHURO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH/RSHGH9HJDYRO,3RHVtDVFDQWDGDVHQODVQRYHODV
%DUFHORQD,QVWLWXWR(VSDxROGH0XVLFRORJtD&6,&SiJV
&RQXVRHLQFOXVRFRQDEXVRFRQFHSWXRVRGHODPLVPDFRPRSUHFLVD3DVWRU&RPtQRSFLW
SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
IDFLVWRO\©OLEURGHFDQWDUªGHODFDSLOODGHP~VLFDGHORVPRWHWHVGHOGLVFDQWDU
GHO FDQWR GH yUJDQR FDQWR SROLIyQLFR GH OD FOiXVXOD SHQVDPLHQWR PXVLFDO
YLOODQFLFR FRSOD HVWULELOOR UHVSRQVLyQ GH OD DUPRQtD UtWPLFD FRQFRUGDQFLD
GHYRFHVFRQVRQDQFLDGLVRQDQFLDPHORGtD(QODVDFRWDFLRQHVDYHFHVH[LJH
TXHWDOSLH]DVHFDQWHDDRDYRFHV+DEODGHOFDQWDU\WDxHUGLVFDQWDU
WHPSODUDÀQDUGLVWLQJXHWLSOHDOWREDMRFRQWUDEDMR(PSOHDODSDODEUD©VHLVª
HQVLQJXODUHQHOVHQWLGRGHQLxRFDQWRUGHXQDDJUXSDFLyQGH©VHLVHVª8VDOD
SDODEUD©FODYHªHQVHQWLGRGHDUPDGXUDGHXQDSLH]D+DEODGHORVUHGREOHV\
GHO©UHTXLQWDUªWRFDUXQLQVWUXPHQWRVXELHQGRREDMDQGRFLQFRSXQWRVGHOD
©SULPDGHODJXLWDUUDªFRPRYHUHPRVHQ/D'RURWHDGHVXVFXHUGDVFODYLMDV
\ERUGyQGH©ODIDOVDHQHOWDxHUGHODV©GLIHUHQFLDVªRYDULDFLRQHVPXVLFDOHV
FRQLQGLFDFLRQHVFRPROD©GHODSXHQWHKDVWDODFHMDªGHODJXLWDUUD
3HURPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRWRGDYtDGHODLQÁXHQFLDGHODP~VLFDHQ/RSHTXH
HVWDULTXH]DWHUPLQROyJLFDUHVXOWDHOOODPDWLYRFRQWUDVWHHQWUHODPXVLFDOLGDGGH
ORVSRHPDVLQVHUWRVSRUpOHQVXVFUHDFLRQHVWHDWUDOHV\QDUUDWLYDV\ODSUiFWLFD
DXVHQFLDRPXFKRPHQRULQFLGHQFLDGHHVDPXVLFDOLGDGHQRWURVDXWRUHViXUHRV
/LPLWiQGRQRVDORQDUUDWLYRHQODVQRYHODVGHOVLJOR;9,\SULPHUDVGpFDGDVGHO
;9,,HUDFRUULHQWHSRUVXSXHVWRODLQVHUFLyQGHSRHVtDVFDQWDGDVSRUDOJXQRVGH
ORVSHUVRQDMHV(VRVLQVHUWRVSRWHQFLDEDQXQDIHFXQGDWUDGLFLyQSURVLPpWULFD\D
KDELWXDOHQOD(GDG0HGLDGHVGH'DQWH\%RFFDFFLR5HFRUGHPRVVRODPHQWH\
VLQVDOLUGHOD3HQtQVXODQLGHOFDVWHOODQRORVEHOORVIUDJPHQWRVOtULFRGUDPiWLFRV
TXHVHLQWHUFDODQHQOD+LVWRULDWUR\DQDSROLPpWULFDGHOVLJOR;,9SLH]DVTXH
SDUHFHHYLGHQWHTXHSRGUtDQKDEHUVLGRFDQWDGDV\DFRPSDxDGDVGHLQVWUXPHQWRV
<UHFRUGHPRVDXQTXHPiVHVSRUiGLFRVORVLQWHUOXGLRVSRpWLFRVHQOD&HOHVWLQD
WDQWRHQERFDGH&DOLVWR\6HPSURQLRFRPRHQODVYRFHVGH0HOLEHD\/XFUHFLD
DORVTXHDOXGLUHPRVPiVDGHODQWHDSURSyVLWRGH/D'RURWHD2HOGDWRPHQRV
FRQRFLGRIHFKDEOHXQRVTXLQFHDxRVDQWHVGHODSXEOLFDFLyQGH/D&HOHVWLQD
GHXQ-XDQGH)ORUHVTXHSUREDEOHPHQWHKD\DTXHLGHQWLÀFDUFRQHOUHFWRUGH
OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD\FURQLVWDGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRVHQFDUJDQGRD
$ORQVRGH&yUGREDSURIHVRUGHP~VLFDHQODPLVPD8QLYHUVLGDGODFRPSRVLFLyQ
GHRFKRSLH]DVPXVLFDOHVSDUDVHQGRVIUDJPHQWRVOtULFRVTXHMXHJDQXQSDSHO
HVHQFLDOHQ*ULPDOWH\*UDGLVDÀFFLyQVHQWLPHQWDOGHELGDDVXSOXPD
04XHURORSFLWSiJ
9pDVH/RXLVH0+D\ZRRG7KH/\ULFVRIWKH©+LVWRULD7UR\DQD3ROLPpWULFDª¶3DSHUVRIWKH
0HGLHYDO+LVSDQLF5HVHDUFK6HPLQDU·/RQGUHV'HSDUWPHQWRI+LVSDQLF6WXGLHV4XHHQ0DU\DQG
:HVWÀHOG&ROOHJH
9pDVH 'RURWK\ 6 6HYHULQ ©$XGLHQFH DQG ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQ *UDGLVD GH &UXHO DQG )LRPHWD WKH
5HMHFWHGLQ-XDQGH)ORUHV·VSURVLPHWUXP*ULPDOWH\*UDGLVDªHQ&XOWXUDO&RQWH[WV)HPDOH9RLFHV
HG/RXLVH0+D\ZRRG¶3DSHUVRIWKH0HGLHYDO+LVSDQLF5HVHDUFK6HPLQDU·/RQGUHV'HSDUWPHQW
RI+LVSDQLF6WXGLHV4XHHQ0DU\DQG:HVWÀHOG&ROOHJHSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
(OSURFHGLPLHQWRGHLQFOXVLyQGHIUDJPHQWRVOtULFRVHQXQWH[WRHQSURVDHQ
ÀQHUDIUHFXHQWH\FDVLREOLJDGRHQODVJUDQGHVQRYHODVGHDPELHQWHSDVWRULO
GHVGH/D'LDQDGH-RUJHGH0RQWHPD\RUKDVWD/D*DODWHDGH0LJXHOGH&HU
YDQWHVDVtFRPRWDPELpQHQPXFKDVQRYHODVFRUWDVFRPRHQODVFHUYDQWLQDVGH
/D*LWDQLOOD(OFHORVRH[WUHPHxRR/DLOXVWUHIUHJRQD$KRUDELHQ³FRPRSHUV
SLFD]PHQWHVHxDOD4XHURO³PLHQWUDVHQ/D'LDQDGH0RQWHPD\RUVRODPHQWH
VHHQFXHQWUDXQDSRHVtDFRQP~VLFDGHOVLJOR;9,HQHO&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDO
GHOD&DVDGH0HGLQDFHOLTXHHGLWDHOPLVPR4XHUROYRO,Q~PVR
HQ/D*DODWHDGH&HUYDQWHVVyORXQEUHYHWRQRFRQP~VLFD\DGHOVLJOR;9,,,
HQFDPELRVRODPHQWHHQODVQRYHODVGH/RSHGH9HJDKDQVLGRLGHQWLÀFDGDVSRU
4XHUROKDVWDXQDFLQFXHQWHQDGHFRPSRVLFLRQHVSXHVWDVHQP~VLFDHQYLGDGHO
SURSLR/RSHYHLQWHGHHOODVHQ3DVWRUHVGH%HOpQHOUHVWRUHSDUWLGDVHQWUH/D
$UFDGLD/D'RURWHD\(OSHUHJULQRHQVXSDWULD3HURQRHVVyORHVR$HVDV
FLQFXHQWD LGHQWLÀFDGDV GH VXV QRYHODV 4XHURO &DQFLRQHUR PXVLFDO GH /RSH
GH9HJDYRO,KDEUiTXHDxDGLUODVSRHVtDVVXHOWDVFDQWDGDVGHVXREUDOtULFD
4XHURO&0/9YRO,,\ODVFDQWDGDVGHVXWHDWUR4XHURO&0/9YRO,,,GRV
JUXSRVTXHDxDGHQRWUDFLQFXHQWHQDODUJDGHFDQFLRQHV8QFHQWHQDUGHSRHVtDV
SRUWDQWRFRQP~VLFDGHODpSRFDTXHOODPDQODDWHQFLyQIUHQWHDODSHQXULDGH
RWURVDXWRUHVFRQWHPSRUiQHRVVX\RV/DH[SOLFDFLyQVHKDGHKDOODUHQSULPHU
OXJDUPiVTXHHQODLQGXGDEOHSUHSDUDFLyQPXVLFDOGH/RSHHQORSUROtÀFRGH
VXSURGXFFLyQHQVHJXQGRWpUPLQRHQVXFHOHEULGDGSHURVREUHWRGR©HQOD
LQWUtQVHFDFDOLGDGOtULFDGHODVSRHVtDVGH/RSHTXHWDQWRVHSUHVWDEDDGHVSHUWDU
ODLQVSLUDFLyQGHORVFRPSRVLWRUHVª
(OFRPHQWDULRGHVyORVHLVGHHVDVFLHQSRHVtDVPXVLFDGDV³ODVTXHDSDUHFHQ
HQXQWH[WRIXQGDPHQWDOGHODPDGXUH]GH/RSHMX]JDGRJHQHUDOPHQWHFRPRVX
PHMRUOLEURHQSURVDSHURSDUDPXFKRVLQFOXLGRHOSURSLR/RSHWDPELpQFRPR
ODREUDPiVORJUDGDGHWRGDVXSURGXFFLyQ³SRGUiGDUQRVXQDLGHDUHSUHVHQWD
WLYDGHODVGLÀFXOWDGHV\ORJURVGHLQVHUWDUOtULFDFDQWDGDHQXQDREUDSURVtVWLFD
GHORV6LJORVGH2UR1RHQWUDUHPRVHQODVLPSRUWDQWHVLPSOLFDFLRQHVOLWHUDULDV
TXHWLHQHQHVRVLQVHUWRVHQHOFRQMXQWRPRGHUQROLEpUULPRTXHFRQVWLWX\H/D
'RURWHD1RVOLPLWDUHPRVDTXtDH[DPLQDUODHSLGHUPLVWH[WXDOGHODVFDQFLRQHV
VX MXHJR DUWLFXODGR GH HOHPHQWRV YLVXDOHV WH[WXDOHV \ DXGLWLYRV PXVLFDOHV
PyYLOHVWUDVODGDEOHVLQWHUFDPELDEOHVHVGHFLUVXPDWHULDOLGDGH[WHUQDDSDU
WLUGHOKHFKRLQFRQWHVWDEOHGHTXHPXFKDVGHHVWDVFRPSRVLFLRQHVIRUPDURQR
/DHGLFLyQFRPSOHWDGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH/RSHGH9HJDFRQVWDSXHVGHYROVSXEOLFD
GRVSRU4XHUROHQWUH\HQDGHODQWHFLWDGRVFRPR&0/9/RVHVWXGLRVLQWHUSUHWDWLYRVVREUH
UHODFLRQHVHQWUHP~VLFD\WHDWURHQ/RSHGHVSXpV\DSDUWLUGHODGHVFULSFLyQGH4XHUROVRQPXFKRV
&LWHPRVVRODPHQWHGRVGHORVSULPHURV\IXQGDPHQWDOHV)-'tH]GH5HYHQJD7HDWURGH/RSHGH9HJD
\OtULFDWUDGLFLRQDO0XUFLD8QLYHUVLGDG\-RVp0DUtD$OtQ©0~VLFD\FDQFLyQHQHOWHDWURGH
/RSHGH9HJDª1XHYD5HYLVWDGH)LORORJtD+LVSiQLFD;;,,,SiJV
04XHURO&0/9,SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
SXGLHURQKDEHUIRUPDGRSDUWH³SRGUHPRVGHPRVWUDUORDYHFHVVRVSHFKDUORHQ
RWUDVUHFKD]DUORHQSRFDV³GHDOJXQRVGHHVRV&DQFLRQHURVUHFRSLODWRULRVVLQ
ORV TXH QR VH SXHGH HQWHQGHU OD FUHDFLyQ SRpWLFD GH PXFKRV VLJORV GHVGH OD
(GDG0HGLDKDVWDHO%DUURFR
(/&$1&,21(52 086,&$/ '(217,1<(17
(O&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWHVELHQFRQRFLGRGHVGHKDFHXQRVWUHLQWD
DxRVSRUORVPXVLFyORJRV&XDQGR0LJXHO4XHUROGDEDQRWLFLDGHO&DQFLRQHUR
HQ GHFtD TXH KDEUtD TXH LQFRUSRUDUOR ³MXQWR DO &DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO
(VSDxROGH$MXGDTXHSUHVHQWDHQHOPLVPRDUWtFXOR\MXQWRDRWURVGRVFX\R
GHVFULSFLyQUHVHUYDSDUDRWURWUDEDMR³DODQyPLQDGHQXHYHFDQFLRQHURVGHOD
SULPHUDPLWDGGHHVHVLJORTXHpOPLVPRKDEtDHQXPHUDGRSRFRDQWHVHQVX
YROXPHQ,GH0~VLFDEDUURFDHVSDxROD+R\VHSXHGHOHHUWDQWRHORULJLQDO
DWUDYpVGHIDFVtPLOFRPRODVWUDQVFULSFLRQHVGHOHWUD\SDUWLWXUDVJUDFLDVDOD
HVPHUDGDHGLFLyQGH-RVHS&OLPHQW
3HUR\D0LJXHO4XHUROUHPLWtDDXQDQRWLFLDDQWHULRUODSULPHUDTXHWHQHPRV
GHO&DQFLRQHUR(Q$QGUpV2UWHJDGHOÉODPRHVFULELyFRPRDSRUWDFLyQDO
FXDUWRFHQWHQDULRGHOQDFLPLHQWRGH/RSHXQGHQVRRS~VFXORGHFDWRUFH
KRMDVHQHOTXHSUHVHQWDEDHVWH&DQFLRQHURVLQWtWXOR&XDUHQWDDxRVPiVWDU
GHFRQWLQ~DVLHQGRpVWHHOPiVFRPSOHWRHVWXGLRVREUHODVIXHQWHVOLWHUDULDVGHO
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW3URSLHWDULRDODVD]yQGHHVDMR\DELEOLRJUiÀFD
7DQWRFRPRGHVFRQRFLGRPHWHPRSRUORVÀOyORJRV©VRUGRVªDODP~VLFDGHODpSRFDHQWUHORV
TXHGHVGHOXHJRQRWHQJRPiVUHPHGLR³DXQTXHPHDYHUJHQFHKDFHUOR³TXHFRQIHVDUTXHPHLQFOX\R
$IRUWXQDGDPHQWHWUDVODVQRWLFLDVGH4XHURODODVTXHPHUHIHULUpDFRQWLQXDFLyQKDVLGRHVWXGLDGRSRU
-XGLWK(W]LRQ©7KH6SDQLVK3RO\SKRQLF&DQFLRQHURVFF$6XUYH\RI/LWHUDU\&RQWHQWDQG
7H[WXDO&RQFRUGDQFHVª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFRORJtD;,SiJV\SRU&DUPHQ9DOFiUFHO
©&DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH 2QWHQLHQWH 7RQRV D OR GLYLQRª 0DQXVFUW&$2 ,,, SiJV SRU
FLWDUVRODPHQWHDGRVGHODVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHQHO6HPLQDULRGH(GDGGH2URGHDVtFRPRFDWDORJDGR
SRU0DULDQR/DPEHDHQVXÌQFLSLWGH3RHVtD(VSDxROD0XVLFDGDFDFD0DGULG6RFLHGDG
(VSDxRODGH0XVLFRORJtD
0LJXHO4XHURO©'RVQXHYRVFDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVHVSDxROHVGHODSULPHUDPLWDGGHOVLJOR
;9,,ª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;;9,SiJV
0LJXHO 4XHURO *DYDOGi 0~VLFD EDUURFD HVSDxROD YRO , 3ROLIRQtD SURIDQD &DQFLRQHURV
HVSDxROHVGHOVLJOR;9,,%DUFHORQD,QVWLWXWR(VSDxROGH0XVLFRORJtD&6,&
-RVHS &OLPHQW HG (O &DQoRQHU 0XVLFDO G·2QWLQ\HQW 9DOHQFLD *HQHUDOLWDW 9DOHQFLDQD
$QGUpV2UWHJDGHOÉODPR©'RVFDQFLRQHVGH/RSHGH9HJDHQXQ&DQFLRQHURSRpWLFRPXVL
FDOGHOVLJOR;9,,ª9DOHQFLD/LEUHUtD%RQDLUH9pDVHWDPELpQGHOPLVPRDXWRUODHGLFLyQGHO
&DQFLRQHULOORHXFDUtVWLFR9DOHQFLD,PSUHQWD2UWL]iGRQGHVHSXEOLFDQSRUYH]SULPHUDMXQWRD
RWURVSRHPDVGHWHPDHXFDUtVWLFRGRVDQyQLPRVH[WUDtGRVLJXDOPHQWHGHOHQWRQFHVLQpGLWR&DQFLRQHUR
PXVLFDO GH 2QWLQ\HQW ©%XHOYH ORV RMRV DWHQWRVª \ ©1R D\D PiV SRU YLGD PtDª DQyQLPRV SHUR FRQ
P~VLFDGH'LHJR)HOLSH\-XDQ%DXWLVWD&RPHVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
TXHPiVWDUGHVHUtDDGTXLULGDSRUOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULG2UWHJDOR
GHVFULEHH[WHULRUPHQWH\H[SOLFDVXFRQWHQLGRORFDOL]DODIXHQWHGHYDULRVGHORV
SRHPDVGHVWDFDODQXWULGDQyPLQDGHFRPSRVLWRUHVTXHDSDUHFHQPHQFLRQDGRV
HQpOHODERUDXQDWDEODGHSULPHURVYHUVRVGHORVWRQRVHLQFRUSRUDÀQDOPHQWH
XQSDUGHIDFVtPLOHVFRQODVKRMDVTXHSUHVHQWDQORVSRHPDVORSHVFRV©*LJDQWH
FULVWDOLQRª\©6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQDª
(QHOWHUUHQRPXVLFDOFRPRGHVWDFD4XHURO©TXL]iORTXHSUHVWDPD\RULQWHUpV
DHVWH&DQFLRQHURHVHOKHFKRGHTXHHQODPD\RUSDUWHGHVXVFRPSRVLFLRQHVVH
SRQHHOQRPEUHGHODXWRUGHODP~VLFD*UDFLDVDHVWHGHWDOOHKDVLGRSRVLEOH\D
LGHQWLÀFDUDOJXQDVSLH]DVFRQVHUYDGDVDQyQLPDVHQRWURVFDQFLRQHURVª
'HODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVTXHSUHVHQWDHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW
VRQWRQRVKXPDQRV\WRQRVGLYLQRV6HHQFXHQWUDQFODUDPHQWHGLVSXHVWDV
HQIROLRVHOHJDQWHPHQWHFDOLJUDÀDGRV\FRORUHDGRVDYDULDVWLQWDV/RVDXWRUHV
PXVLFDOHV PiV UHFRQRFLGRV VRQ 0DWHR 5RPHUR HO OODPDGR &DSLWiQ IDPRVR
FDQWRUGHOD5HDO&DSLOODGXUDQWHORVUHLQDGRVGH)HOLSH,,,,,\,9FRQRQFH
FRPSRVLFLRQHVHOSUROtÀFR0DQXHO&RUUHDPDHVWURGHFDSLOODFRQGLHFLQXHYH
FRPSRVLFLRQHV0DQXHO0DFKDGRP~VLFRGHODFDSLOODGH)HOLSH,,,FRQVLHWH
FRPSRVLFLRQHV-XDQ3XMROP~VLFRGHSULPHUDÀOD\PDHVWURGHFDSLOODGHODV
FDWHGUDOHVGH7DUUDJRQD=DUDJR]D\%DUFHORQDFRQGRVFRPSRVLFLRQHV0DQXHO
GH7DYDUHVPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGHODFDWHGUDOGH/DV3DOPDVGH*UDQ&DQDULD
FRQVHLVFRPSRVLFLRQHVR-HUyQLPR9LFHQWHPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGH6DQWLDJRGH
&RPSRVWHODFRQXQD
+D\ XQ HYLGHQWH FRPSRQHQWH YDOHQFLDQR HQ OD IRUPDFLyQ GHO &DQFLRQHUR
TXH LQFOX\H D FRPSRVLWRUHV FRQRFLGRV FRPR -XDQ %DXWLVWD &RPHV PDHVWUR
GHFDSLOODHQODVFDWHGUDOHVGH/OHLGD9DOHQFLD\&ROHJLRGHO3DWULDUFDGHHVWD
PLVPDFLXGDGDVtFRPRGHO5HDO3DODFLRHQ0DGULGFRQGLH]FRPSRVLFLRQHV
R9LFHQWH*DUFtDVXFHVRUGHODQWHULRUHQODGLUHFFLyQGHODFDSLOODGHODFDWHGUDO
GH9DOHQFLDFRQWUHVFRPSRVLFLRQHVD-RVp5XELRRUJDQLVWDGHODFDWHGUDOGH
9DOHQFLD FRQ WUHV FRPSRVLFLRQHV SHUR WDPELpQ D RWURV PX\ SRFR FRQRFLGRV
&XDQGR OHt HQ OD ,QWURGXFFLyQ GH &OLPHQW D OD HGLFLyQ GHO &DQFLRQHUR OD PHQFLyQ GH HVH
RS~VFXOR\DOQRHQFRQWUDUORHQODVEDVHVGHGDWRVQLÀFKHURVPDQXDOHVGHDOJXQDVGHODVSULQFLSDOHV
ELEOLRWHFDVYDOHQFLDQDVDQWHVGHSHGLUORSRUSUpVWDPRRIRWRFRSLDPHSDUHFLyPiVSURSLRH[SRQHUOHHO
REMHWLYRGHPLVSHVTXLVDVDOSURSLR$QGUpV2UWHJD\SHGLUOHHOIDPRVROLEULWR3RUTXHHO6U2UWHJDHVXQ
FRQRFLGRFROHFFLRQLVWD\SUHVWLJLRVROLEUHURGHODFLXGDGGH9DOHQFLDSURSLHWDULRGHOD/LEUHUtD%RQDLUH
VLWDHQODFDOOHGHOD1DYHSRUODTXHKHPRVSDVDGR\FRQWLQXDPRVSDVDPRVREOLJDGDPHQWHQRVyORORV
DÀFLRQDGRVYDOHQFLDQRVDOOLEURDQWLJXRVLQRPXFKRVELEOLyÀORVHVSDxROHV\H[WUDQMHURV'RQ$QGUpVPH
DWHQGLyFRQVXPDDPDELOLGDGPHSUHVWyWRGDODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHWHQtDLQFOXLGRVORVDSUHFLDGRVRS~VFX
ORVTXHQRWXYRHOPHQRULQFRQYHQLHQWHHQTXHIRWRFRSLDUDPHFRQWyDGHPiVVDEURVDVDQpFGRWDVGH
VXDxRVGHUHODFLyQFRQ$QWRQLR5RGUtJXH]0RxLQR\VXIDPLOLDDxRVGHGRQGHYLHQHQVXVDUUDLJDGDV
DÀFLRQHV\VXVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHODSRHVtDGHQXHVWURVFOiVLFRV6HHQWHQGHUiDVtTXHHVWHDUWtFXOROH
HVWpGHGLFDGR
04XHURO©'RVQXHYRVFDQFLRQHURVªSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
*UDPDWJH*LQpV0DUWtQH]0XxR]FRQXQDFRPSRVLFLyQFDGDXQRVLQHPEDUJR
XQ)UDQFLVFR0RUDOHVWDOYH]YDOHQFLDQRGH*DQGtDFRQFLQFRFRPSRVLFLRQHV
RLQFOXVRWRWDOPHQWHGHVFRQRFLGRVSHURTXHVHGHGXFHSXGLHURQVHUYDOHQFLDQRV
SRUHODSHOOLGR
3HURSDVDQGRDODOHWUDGRQGHUDGLFDHOREMHWLYRGHQXHVWURWUDEDMRKHPRV
GHSUHJXQWDUQRVSRUHOHVFODUHFLPLHQWRHQODPHGLGDGHORSRVLEOHGHORULJHQ
GHORVWH[WRV&RPRKHPRVGLFKRODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHGRVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVGH
/RSHGH9HJDDPERVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVD/D'RURWHDHQHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDO
GH2QWLQ\HQWIXHVHxDODGDSRU$QGUpV2UWHJDHQ
/DLPSRUWDQFLDGHHVWDLGHQWLÀFDFLyQHUDLQGXGDEOH'HKHFKRGH©*LJDQWH
FULVWDOLQRª-HV~V%DOKDEtDSXEOLFDGR\DODYHUVLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURGHOD6DEOR
QDUDFRQWUDQVFULSFLyQPRGHUQDHQXQEHOOROLEUR7UHLQWDFDQFLRQHVGH/RSH
GH9HJDVDOLGRHQFRPRQ~PHURH[WUDRUGLQDULRGHODUHYLVWD5HVLGHQFLD
5HYLVWDGHOD5HVLGHQFLDGH(VWXGLDQWHV3HURODYHUVLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURPX
VLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWHVGLVWLQWDGHODYHUVLyQGHOGHOD6DEORQDUD\FRPRLQGLFD
2UWHJD©GHVFRQRFLGDGHORVPXVLFyORJRV\ORSLVWDVQRVLQGLFDORSRSXODUTXH
GHELyVHUHQVXWLHPSRª3RURWUDSDUWHVHJ~QLQIRUPDED6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR
HQ VX SRQHQFLD GHO 6HPLQDULR GH (GDG GH 2UR ³\ VH SRGUi FRPSUREDU FRQ
PD\RUGHWDOOHHQVXDUWtFXORHQHVWHPLVPRQ~PHURGHODUHYLVWD³H[LVWHRWUD
IXHQWHPXVLFDOGH©*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRªHQOD%LEOLRWHFDGH&DWDOXQ\D0XV0V
<HOSRHPDHVUHXWLOL]DGRHQHO(QWUHPpVIDPRVRGHOYHVWXDULR%10
PVII\HQHO%DLOHGHO*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRTXHVHHQFXHQWUDGHQWUR
GHORV6DLQHWHVGHORVPHMRUHVLQJHQLRV%10PVI
(QFXDQWRDODVHJXQGDFDQFLyQ©6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQDªFRPRWDPELpQGHVWDFD
2UWHJD©QRFRQRFHPRVODH[LVWHQFLDGHQLQJXQDYHUVLyQPXVLFDOª\©HQQXHVWUR
&DQFLRQHUR ÀJXUD FRQ XQD FXULRVD YDULDQWH DO YHUVR FXDUWRª /D VRVSHFKD GH
2UWHJDVHYHUiFRQÀUPDGDPiVWDUGHSRUTXHHOÌQGLFHGH/DPEHDQRQRVSUR
SRUFLRQDRWUDVYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDOHV+DEODUHPRVFRQDOJRPiVGHGHWDOOHGHODV
YHUVLRQHVTXHRIUHFHHO&DQFLRQHURGHDPEDVFDQFLRQHVFXDQGRFRPHQWHPRVHO
FRQWH[WRHQHOTXHDSDUHFHQHQ/D'RURWHD
3HUR2UWHJDLGHQWLÀFDWDPELpQSRUYH]SULPHUDODSURFHGHQFLDOLWHUDULDQR
VyOR GH ODV GRV FDQFLRQHV FLWDGDV VLQR GH RWUDV FLQFR GH GLVWLQWRV DXWRUHV R
9pDVHSDUDFRPSOHWDUHVWRVGDWRVGHKLVWRULDGHODP~VLFDDGHPiVGHOPHQFLRQDGRDUWtFXORGH
4XHUROODDMXVWDGDLQWURGXFFLyQGH-&OLPHQWDODHGLFLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURSiJV
2SFLWHQODQ6HWUDWDGHXQOLEURHQFXDUWRGHEHOODIDFWXUDPRGHUQLVWDHQPDUFDGRSRU
XQDQRWDLQWURGXFWRULDGH5DPyQ0HQpQGH]3LGDO\XQDSpQGLFHGH-XDQ5DPyQ-LPpQH]7DPELpQGHER
VXFRQVXOWDDODJHQHURVLGDGGH$QGUpV2UWHJDTXHPHSUHVWyVXHMHPSODUGXUDQWHXQWLHPSR
$JUDGH]FR HQRUPHPHQWH D 6XVDQD$QWyQ TXH PH IDFLOLWDUD SRU HVFULWR HVWRV GDWRV DQWHV GH
ODSXEOLFDFLyQGHVXDUWtFXORDVtFRPRORVUHIHUHQWHVDODUHXWLOL]DFLyQGHOSRHPD©'HORVGHVGHQHVGH
*LODªR©'HODVPXGDQ]DVGH*LODªFRPRGDODYDULDQWHGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWTXH
FRPHQWDUpPiVDGHODQWHFILQIUDQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
PHMRUFXDWURPiVXQYHUVRSULPHURXQURPDQFHGH/XLVGH*yQJRUD©*XDUGD
FRUGHURV]DJDODªRWURGH&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD©'HODVPXGDQ]DVGH*LODª
XQR PiV GH *DEULHO %RFiQJHO ©5RPSD HO VLOHQFLR OD YR]ª XQ FXDUWR UH
FRJLGR SRU HO /LFHQFLDGR$ULDV 3pUH] HQ VX 3ULPDYHUD \ )ORU GH ORV PHMRUHV
URPDQFHV©$ODPDJHVWDGGHXQPRQWHª\ÀQDOPHQWHVyORXQSULPHUYHUVR
©/HYHV SOXPDV TXH YRODURQª FRLQFLGHQWH FRQ HO SULPHUR GH XQ SRHPD GH
$QWRQLR+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]D3HURHVPX\SUREDEOHTXHRWURVHVWXGLRVRVTXH
VHDFHUTXHQDO&DQFLRQHURLGHQWLÀTXHQHQXQIXWXURRWURVSRHPDVGHDXWRUHVVL
QRWDQFpOHEUHVVtUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGHORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,3RUTXHHQGHÀQL
WLYDFRQÀUPDPRVODLPSUHVLyQGH0LJXHO4XHUROFXDQGRGLFHGHO&DQFLRQHUR
TXH©VLPXVLFDOPHQWHKDEODQGRHVLPSRUWDQWH>@LQWHUHVDWDQWRRPiVHQVX
DVSHFWROLWHUDULRSRUODEHOOH]DGHVXVOHWUDVGHELGDVVLQGXGDDOJXQDDJUDQGHV
SRHWDVGHODpSRFDª
(VDEVROXWDPHQWHQHFHVDULRGHVGHOXHJRFRQRFHUODSURFHGHQFLDGHOPD\RU
Q~PHURSRVLEOHGHOHWUDVGHFDQFLRQHVGHXQFDQFLRQHURPXVLFDO1RUPDOPHQ
WH HO RULJLQDO OLWHUDULR QRV SHUPLWLUi VHxDODU YDULDQWHV GH LQWHUpV R LQFOXVR
FRUUHJLU D YHFHV DOJXQDV OHFWXUDV LQFRUUHFWDV 3RU HMHPSOR HQ OD FDQFLyQ ©$
ODPDJHVWDGGHXQPRQWHªYpDVH7H[WR9,GHO$SpQGLFHODOHFWXUDGHOYHUVR
HQHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW©TXHGHFULVWDOoHORVFDOoDªSXHGH
VHUWUDQTXLODPHQWHFRUUHJLGDDODYLVWDGHODPXFKRPiVFRQJUXHQWHHQODRWUD
YHUVLyQ PiV DQWLJXD TXH WHQHPRV GHO SRHPD OD GHO &DQFLRQHUR 3ULPDYHUD \
)ORU©TXHGHFULVWDOVHORVFDOoDª/pDVHHOSRHPD8QDIXHQWHEHVDORVSLHV
DXQPRQWHFDO]iQGRVHORVGHFULVWDODJUDGHFLGDDVXVQLHYHV3HURQDGDWLHQHQ
TXHKDFHUDTXtORV©FHORVª
4XL]iHOFDVRPiVFODURHQHVHVHQWLGRVHDHOGHOURPDQFHJRQJRULQR©*XDU
GD FRUGHURV ]DJDODª YpDVH7H[WR ,9 GHO$SpQGLFH /D OHFWXUD GH OD YHUVLyQ
GH *yQJRUD IHFKDGD HQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH GHVSXpV GH KDEHU VLGR GHSXUDGD
\ HGLWDGD FUtWLFDPHQWH SRU$QWRQLR &DUUHLUD WUDV HO FRWHMR PLQXFLRVR HQ HVWH
(QUHDOLGDGVHWUDWDDTXtVRODPHQWHGHXQDHVWURIDTXHWDOYH]VLUYLHUDGHHVWULELOOR$XQTXH
KD\HFRVGHORVYHUVRVGHOPLVPRSRHPDGH%RFiQJHOHQRWUDVHVWURIDVGHODFDQFLyQQ~PGHO&DQ
FLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW©)LOLVª©WHPSORª9pDVH7H[WR9,,GHO$SpQGLFH/DHGLFLyQXWLOL]DGD
SDUDFRQIURQWDUHOWH[WRHVODGH7UHYRU-'DGVRQHG*DEULHO%RFiQJHO\8Q]XHWD2EUDVFRPSOHWDV
)UDQFNIXUW8QLYGH1DYDUUD,EHURDPHULFDQD9HUYXHUWYROVYRO,SiJV
([WUDxDPHQWH4XHUROSDVDSRUHQFLPDGHODVLGHQWLÀFDFLRQHVGHDXWRUtDUHDOL]DGDVSRU$QGUpV
2UWHJD\VHHQWUHWLHQHHQGHVWDFDUHQFDPELRFRQH[FHVLYRHLQMXVWRULJRUTXH©HQHVWHIROOHWR«VH
KDFHQDOJXQDVLGHQWLÀFDFLRQHVGHSRHVtDV\DOJXQDVDQDORJtDVYDULDVGHHOODVHTXLYRFDGDVFRQSLH]DVGH
RWURVFDQFLRQHURVª'HVGHOXHJR\RFRQÀUPRWRWDOPHQWHODVLGHQWLÀFDFLRQHVOLWHUDULDVTXHKDFH2UWHJD
3RURWUDSDUWHGHODVQXHYHDQDORJtDVFRQSLH]DVGHRWURV&DQFLRQHURVHQFRQFUHWRFRQODVGHOGH7RQRV
+XPDQRVTXHSURSRUFLRQD2UWHJDYHRLJXDOPHQWHFRQÀUPDGDVRFKR\VRODPHQWHXQD©$EHMXHODTXH
DOMDVPtQªQRODHQFXHQWURSUHVHQWHHQRWUDVRFXUUHQFLDVGHOtQGLFHGH/DPEHD
-)0RQWHVLQRVHG3ULPDYHUD\ÁRUGHORVPHMRUHVURPDQFHVUHFRJLGRVSRUHO/LFGR$ULDV
3pUH]0DGULG9DOHQFLD&DVWDOLDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
FDVRGHQDGDPHQRVTXHWHVWLPRQLRVGHWUDGLFLyQWH[WXDOPDQXVFULWRV\
LPSUHVRVGHMDHOWH[WRGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWHQHOOXJDUTXHOH
FRUUHVSRQGH\HQHVWHFDVRHQXQDSRVLFLyQWH[WXDOGHÀQLWLYDPHQWHPX\LQIHULRU
DODGHODPHGLDGHWHVWLPRQLRV&RPRVHSRGUiREVHUYDUHQHOVLPSOHFRWHMR
HQWUHHOWH[WRFUtWLFR\ODYHUVLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWpVWDKD
RSWDGRSRUEDQDOL]DFLRQHV\HUURUHVHQGHPDVLDGRVOXJDUHV
8QFDVRSDUHFLGRVHUtDHOGHODFDQFLyQQ~PGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH
2QWLQ\HQW ©'H ODV PXGDQ]DV GH *LODª YpDVH7H[WR9 GHO$SpQGLFH 2EVpU
YHVHODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODOHWUDGHODFDQFLyQ©'HORVGHVGHQHVGH*LODªWDO
FRPR DSDUHFH HQ &DOGHUyQ GH OD %DUFD HQ OD SULPHUD -RUQDGD GH (O HQFDQWR
VLQHQFDQWRKDVWDODYHUVLyQTXHRIUHFHHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW
2WURWHVWLPRQLRGHODFDQFLyQFRQODVGRVSULPHUDVHVWURIDVSHURHQODVHJXQGD
FRQODYDULDQWH©*LODHVVXPXHUWH\VXYLGDªDSDUHFHHQHO(QWUHPpVGH>'RQ
&RVPH@HO7RUHDGRUDWULEXLGRD&DOGHUyQ6XVDQD$QWyQDxDGHODYDULDQWH©'H
ODVPXGDQ]DVGH0HQJDªTXHRIUHFHHO&DQFLRQHURGH2ORWI<FRPHQWD
VXUHXWLOL]DFLyQDGHPiVGHHQHO(QWUHPpVFLWDGRHQODVVLJXLHQWHVREUDV%DLOH
GHODVHJXQGDJDLWD%10I%DLOHGHODVPXGDQ]DVGH*LOD%10
PVI\(QWUHPpVGHORVVRUGRV%10IIUU
3HUR GHWHQJiPRQRV VyOR HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH DSDULFLyQ GHQWUR GH (O HQFDQWR
VLQ HQFDQWR /D FDQFLyQ VH SUHVHQWD HQ OD FRPHGLD FRPR HQ ORV HQWUHPHVHV
FLWDGRVSDUDFUHDUXQDPELHQWHPXVLFDO(VWDPRVHQHOSXHUWRGH0DUVHOOD\HQ
ODÀHVWDGHPiVFDUDVGHOGtDGH6DQ-XDQ/RVP~VLFRVFDQWDQSUHYLDPHQWHD
HVWRVYHUVRVRWURVDOXVLYRVDODÀHVWD©(QODWDUGHDOHJUHGHO6HxRU6DQ-XDQ
WRGD HV EDLOHV OD WLHUUD P~VLFDV HO PDUª$ FRQWLQXDFLyQ ORV YHUVRV GH ODV
WUHVHVWURIDVVHYDQHVFXFKDQGRSHURHQJUXSRVGHGRVFRPRWUDVIRQGRGHVGH
GHQWUR GLFHQ ODV DFRWDFLRQHV LQWHUFDODGRV \ VXEUD\DQGR HO FRQWHQLGR GH ORV
SULPHURV GLiORJRV HQWUH HO JDOiQ SURWDJRQLVWD \ VX FULDGR DO YHU DSDUHFHU D OD
GDPDGHVGHxRVDHQPDVFDUDGD8QDYH]HVFXFKDGRVFRPRP~VLFDGHIRQGR\GH
$QWRQLR&DUUHLUDHG/XLVGH*yQJRUD5RPDQFHV%DUFHORQD4XDGHUQV&UHPDYRO,,
SiJV
&RQDOJXQDSURSXHVWDYiOLGDVLQHPEDUJR$VtODVROXFLyQGHSXUH]DHQHOYGHODHVWURID
IUHQWHDÀUPH]DHVH[SOLFDEOHSRUTXHODPD\RUtDGHWHVWLPRQLRVRIUHFHGXUH]DH[FHSWRWUHVGHHOORVTXH
SURSRUFLRQDQODOHFWLRGLIÀFLOLRUSRUODTXHRSWD&DUUHLUDHQVXHGLFLyQ3HURHO&DQFLRQHURYDOHQFLDQR
HVHO~QLFRTXHGDHVDSXUH]DTXHUHSLWHHOVXVWDQWLYRGHOY©ODSXUH]DGHODUPLxRª
-XDQ-RUJH.HLOHG3HGUR&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD©(OHQFDQWRVLQHQFDQWRªHQ/DV&RPHGLDV
GH ' 3HGUR &DOGHUyQ GH OD %DUFD /HLSVLTXH &DVD GH (UQHVWR )OHLVFKHU WRPRV W ,, SiJV
(GZDUG0:LOVRQ\-DFN6DJH3RHVtDVOtULFDVHQODVREUDVGUDPiWLFDVGH&DOGHUyQFLWDV\
JORVDV/RQGUHV7DPHVLVSiJYpDVHODHGGHOHQWUHPpVHQ(YDQJHOLQD5RGUtJXH]\$QWRQLR
7RUGHUDHGV3HGUR&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD(QWUHPHVHVMiFDUDV\PRMLJDQJDV0DGULG&DVWDOLD
SiJ
$JUDGH]FRGHQXHYRD6XVDQD$QWyQTXHPHKD\DIDFLOLWDGRHVWRVGDWRVFIUVXSUDQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
PDQHUDLQWHUUXPSLGDODDFRWDFLyQVHxDODTXH©9XHOYHODP~VLFDDUHSHWLUORTXH
KDFDQWDGRª\HOWH[WRGHODFRPHGLDSURSRQHTXHVHUHSLWDQ\UHFRMDQHQURPDQFH
ORVGRFHYHUVRVVHJXLGRV(OWHPDGHODSULPHUDHVWURID©¢FyPRKDGHVDQDUVLHV
HOODODFXUD\ODHQIHUPHGDG"ªGDWtWXORDRWUDFRPHGLDGH&DOGHUyQ/DFXUD
\ODHQIHUPHGDGGRQGHVHUHSLWHQHVWRVGRVYHUVRV/DYHUVLyQGHO&DQFLRQHUR
PXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWSRUWDQWRYHQtDSUHFHGLGDSRUXQDIDPDPXVLFDOPX\ULFD
\XQDHYLGHQWHSRSXODULGDGSDUDHVWRVYHUVRV6XWH[WRVLQHPEDUJRSUHVHQWD
QRYHGDGHVWH[WXDOHVTXHSUHWHQGHQWDOYH]XQDPD\RUFRKHUHQFLDQDUUDWLYDSDUD
OD FDQFLyQ &RQVLJXH VX REMHWLYR FRQ HO VDFULÀFLR GHO OLULVPR ,QWURGXFH GRV
HVWURIDVPiVFRPRSRGHPRVREVHUYDUOD\HQWUHODVHJXQGD\ODWHUFHUD
GH&DOGHUyQ\RWUDVGRVOD\GHFRQFOXVLyQXQWDQWRIRU]DGD
6LQHPEDUJRHOWHVWLPRQLRGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWSXHGHVHU
YDOLRVR WDPELpQ FRPR HOHPHQWR HQ OD UHFHQVLR R UHFRSLODFLyQ GH WHVWLPRQLRV
YDULDQWHVGHXQDGHWHUPLQDGDSLH]DSRpWLFDDVtORXWLOL]DFRPRKHPRVGLFKR
HOSURSLR&DUUHLUDSDUD©*XDUGDFRUGHURV]DJDODªHQVXPRGpOLFDHGLFLyQGH
5RPDQFHVGH*yQJRUD$VtYHDPRVDKRUDODOHFWXUDTXHKDFHHO&DQFLRQHUR
PXVLFDO GH 2QWLQ\HQW HVWD YH] FRUURERUDGD SRU OD GHO PDQXVFULWR GH 7RQRV
+XPDQRVGHODVHJXQGDHVWURIDGH©*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRªHQ/D'RURWHDYpDVH
7H[WR,,GHO$SpQGLFH(YLGHQWHPHQWH©TXDQGRGHXQWURQFRLQ~WLOFX\DVUDPDV
VXEtDQDKDFHUGRVHODXQSUDGRªSXHGHVHUWDQEXHQDOHFWXUDFRPR©FX\DV
UDPDVVROtDQKDFHUGRVHODXQSUDGRªTXHHVODTXHWUDQVPLWHHOWH[WRGH/D
'RURWHDHQODVUHSXWDGDVHGLFLRQHVGH0RUE\\%OHFXD$XQTXHPHMRUWRGDYtD
VHUtD VL HQ HO VLJXLHQWH YHUVR VH OH\HUD © D XQ SUDGR TXH IXH GH XQ PD\R
HQYLGLDª R ©LQYLGLDª HQ YH] GH ©T I G X UD\R Hª FRPR OHHQ DO SDUHFHU
WRGRVORVWHVWLPRQLRVDQWLJXRVGHODQRYHOD3XHVHO©GRVHOªSXHGHVHUHQYLGLDGR
&I WDPELpQ ODV GRV UHIHUHQFLDV TXH RIUHFHQ :LOVRQ \ 6DJH RS FLW SiJ GH$JXVWtQ GH
0RUHWR HQ (O GHIHQVRU GH VX DJUDYLR ©'HO GHVGpQ GH OD KHUPRVXUD £TXp HQIHUPR HO DPRU HVWi ¢&yPRKDGHVDQDUVLHVHOODODFXUD\ODHQIHUPHGDG"ª\GHOPLVPRHQ/DYLGDGH6DQ$OHMR©'HVX
SURSLDUHVLVWHQFLD$OHMRGROLHQWHHVWi¢FyPRKDGHVDQDUVLHVHOODODFXUD\ODHQIHUPHGDG"ª3HUR
DGHPiVHOMXHJRKRPRQtPLFRGH©FXUDª\ODDQWtWHVLVFRQ©HQIHUPHGDGªIRUPDURQSDUWHGHOHVWULELOOR
GHXQDOHWULOODGH*yQJRUDTXHIXHPX\IDPRVDHQHOVLJOR;9,,©&XUDTXHHQODYHFLQGDGYLYHFRQ
GHVHQYROWXUD¢SDUDTXpOHOODPDQFXUDVLHVODPLVPDHQIHUPHGDG"ª\TXHHQFRQWUDPRVPXVLFDGDSRU
(O&DSLWiQ0DWHR5RPHURHQ(OFDQFLRQHURGH6DEORQDUD;/,SS\\HQHO&DQFLRQHUR
FDVDQDWHQVHQ~PSSFRPR\DVHxDODUD&KDUOHV$XEUXQ©&KDQVRQLHUVPXVLFDX[HVSDJQROV
GX ;9,,q VLqFOHª %XOOHWLQ +LVSDQLTXH /,, SiJV 9pDVH :LOVRQ \ 6DJH RS FLW
SiJVSDUDPiVWHVWLPRQLRVGHYDULDQWHVHQHQWUHPHVHV\EDLOHV
/D WHUFHUD HVWURID DGHPiV FRQWLHQH XQ YHUVR KLSHUPpWULFR \ DUUtWPLFR ©VL D OD FDEDxD QR
YLQLHUDª /D VpSWLPD MXHJD FRQIXVDPHQWH FRQ ODV PHWiIRUDV GHO ©iVSLGª \ HO ©EDVLOLVFRª UHPDWDQGR
GHVDFHUWDGDPHQWHGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDOtULFRHOFRQMXQWRGHODFDQFLyQ
(GZLQ60RUE\HG/RSHGH9HJD/D'RURWHD0DGULG&DVWDOLD-RVp0DQXHO%OHFXD
HG/RSHGH9HJD/D'RURWHD0DGULG&iWHGUD$SDUWLUGHDKRUDVHJXLUHPRVVLHPSUHODHGLFLyQ
GH%OHFXDHQQXHVWUDVFLWDVGHODREUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
SRUHO©PD\RªHQWHQGLGRpVWHFRPRHQUDPDGRGHODVÀHVWDVKRPyQLPDVSHUR
GLItFLOPHQWH SRU HO ©UD\Rª (Q FDVRV FRPR pVWH SRU WDQWR ORV &DQFLRQHURV
GHPXHVWUDQSRUORPHQRVODPLVPDDOWXUDWH[WXDOTXHORVSULQFLSDOHVLPSUHVRV
GHRWURVWH[WRVHQHVWHFDVRODVSULPHUDVHGLFLRQHVGH/D'RURWHD
0Ô6,&$ (1/$'2527($
/D 'RURWHD SUHVHQWD QR VyOR ODV GRV FDQFLRQHV TXH LQFOX\H HO &DQFLRQHUR
PXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW©*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRª\©6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQDªVLQRDOPH
QRVRWUDVFXDWURFDQFLRQHVTXHVDEHPRVFRQWRWDOFHUWH]DTXHIXHURQPXVLFDGDV
HQODpSRFD$HOODVGHGLFDUHPRVHOHVSDFLRUHVWDQWHGHHVWHDUWtFXORWUDWDQGR
GH DQDOL]DUODV HQ VX FRQWH[WR QRYHOtVWLFR 3DUD HOOR SUHYLDPHQWH VHUi SUHFLVR
UHFRUGDUHQEUHYHVLQRSVLVHODUJXPHQWRGHODREUD
+DFHFLQFRDxRVTXHODEHOOD'RURWHDDSURYHFKiQGRVHGHODDXVHQFLDGHVX
PDULGR KD VLGR DPDQWH GHO MRYHQ SRHWD GRQ )HUQDQGR /D FHOHVWLQD *HUDUGD
YLHQHDVROLFLWDUODSDUDXQULFRLWDOLDQRGRQ%HOD\VXPDGUH7HRGRUDGDWRGD
ODUD]yQDODWHUFHUDSXHVGRQ)HUQDQGRQRWLHQHGRQGHFDHUVHPXHUWRVLQRHV
HQVXVYHUVRV'RURWHDTXLHUHGHYHUDVD)HUQDQGRSHURVDEHTXHODKHUPRVXUD
HVÁRUGHXQGtD\VHSUHRFXSDSRUVXIXWXUR&XHQWDODVLWXDFLyQD)HUQDQGR
TXLHQVHPXHVWUDSRFRFRQVLGHUDGRKDVWDFUXHOFRQHOOD'RURWHDVHYDHQRMDGD
\HQWRQFHVpOVHHQWUHJDDXQDJUDQSHQD)HUQDQGRGHFLGHLUVHGH0DGULGSDUD
6HYLOOD\DHVWHSURSyVLWRFRQVLJXHGLQHURGH0DUÀVDTXLHQVLHPSUHKDHVWDGR
HQDPRUDGDGHpO)HUQDQGRPLHQWHGLFLHQGRTXHWLHQHTXHDOHMDUVHSRUTXHKD
PDWDGRDXQKRPEUH$OVDEHUTXHVHKDLGRVXDPDQWH'RURWHDLQWHQWDVXLFL
GDUVHVLQHPEDUJRGXUDQWHHVWDDXVHQFLDDFDEDSRUDFHSWDUODVSUHWHQVLRQHVGH
GRQ%HOD$VXYXHOWDGH6HYLOODWUHVPHVHVPiVWDUGH)HUQDQGRFDQWDSRHVtDV
EDMRODYHQWDQDGH'RURWHD\OHFRQÀHVDTXHODVLJXHDPDQGRVHUHFRQFLOLDQ
'XUDQWH XQ WLHPSR )HUQDQGR FRPSDUWH ORV UHJDORV VH[XDOHV GH 'RURWHD FRQ
GRQ%HODSHURVHGDFXHQWDFXDQGR0DUÀVDORUHFODPDGHTXH\DQRTXLHUHD
'RURWHD)HUQDQGRUHQXHYDVXVDPRUHVFRQ0DUÀVDDOWLHPSRTXHPDQWLHQHVXV
UHODFLRQHVFRQ'RURWHDDOHQWHUDUVHpVWDOHH[LJHTXHGHMHDVXRWURDPRUSHUR
pOVHQLHJDHQWRQFHVODFRUWHVDQDURPSHFRQpO\TXHPDVXVFDUWDV\UHWUDWR8Q
DVWUyORJRDPLJRGH)HUQDQGRSURQRVWLFDTXHpOVHUiSHUVHJXLGRSRU'RURWHD\
VXPDGUHTXHORKDUiQGHVWHUUDUDFRQVHMDD)HUQDQGRTXHHYLWHD0DUÀVDWDQWR
FRPRD'RURWHD(QHO~OWLPRDFWRXQFULDGRGHGRQ%HODFXHQWDTXHDpVWHOR
(QHVWHFDVRKD\XQSUREOHPDDxDGLGR&OLPHQWWUDQVFULEH©PD\RHQYLGLDªTXHHYLGHQWHPHQWH
HV ³FRPR FRPHQWDPRV³ PHMRU OHFFLyQ SHUR \R QR OHR VLQR ©UD\Rª HQ OD IRWRFRSLD R IDFVtPLO GHO
PDQXVFULWRGHO&DQFLRQHURTXHDSRUWDVXHGLFLyQ
6RQODVFDWDORJDGDVSRU04XHUROFRQORVQ~PHURVDOGHVXSULPHUYROXPHQGHO&0/9
RSFLWKD\PiVQ~PHURVTXHHVRVFXDWURSRUTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDGLYHUVDVYDULDQWHVHQDOJXQDV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
KDQ PDWDGR SRU DVXQWR GH XQ FDEDOOR VH GHVPD\D 'RURWRHD \ *HUDUGD YD D
EXVFDUDJXDSHURFDH\VHPDWD
$XQTXHQRYD\DHQWUDUDUHVXPLUVLTXLHUDLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVOLWHUDULDVVREUHOD
REUD Vt TXHUUtD DGYHUWLU TXH LUi GHVHQFDPLQDGR TXLHQ WUDWH GH HQWHQGHUOD FRQ
ORVPLVPRVSDUiPHWURVFRQORVTXHHQMXLFLDUtDXQDFRPHGLDGHO6LJORGH2UR
&RPRGLFH)UDQFLVFR0iUTXH]9LOODQXHYD©QRKD\VDOLGDVIiFLOHVHQHOHVWXGLR
GH /D 'RURWHDª HPSH]DQGR SRUTXH HQ HOOD /RSH VH QLHJD D SLVDU VX SURSLR
WHUUHQR TXH HV HO TXH HQ VX pSRFD SLGH ©XQD SURIXQGD VLJQLÀFDFLyQ GRFWULQDO
D WRGD REUD VHULDª (Q HVH VHQWLGR /D 'RURWHD VH PXHVWUD ©SURIXQGDPHQWH
PRGHUQDª HQ VX ©DLVODPLHQWR H LQGHSHQGHQFLD HQ FXDQWR REUD GH DUWHª 6LQ
GHVSUHFLDU OD PDWHULD DXWRELRJUiÀFD TXH VLHPSUH VH KD VHxDODGR HQ OD REUD
'RURWHDLGHQWLÀFDGDFRQ(OHQD2VRULRGRQ%HODFRQHOPDULGRDXVHQWHHQODV
,QGLDVGHpVWDHOSRHWDGRQ)HUQDQGRFRQHOPLVPR/RSH0iUTXH]9LOODQXHYD
HQFDVLOODHOFRQWH[WR\ODÀJXUDGHODJHQWLO'RURWHDGHQWURGHODWUDGLFLyQGH
FRUWHVDQDVGH 3ODXWR \7HUHQFLR ©FRPR XQD ÀQD DGDSWDFLyQ DO 0DGULG GH ORV
$XVWULDVGHODOWRPXQGRPHUHWULFLRGHODFRPHGLDODWLQDª©$OGHVDSDUHFHUODV
EDUUHUDVPRUDOHV³GLFH³MXQWRFRQODVOH\HV\S~EOLFRGHOWHDWUR/RSHVHYHtD
HQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHDEVROXWDOLEHUWDGTXHHUDDODYH]GHDEVROXWRGHVYDOLPLHQWR
UHVSHFWRDWRGDWUDGLFLyQOLWHUDULDGHVXpSRFD(QHOHMHGH/D'RURWHDTXHGDED
XQSHUVRQDMHIHPHQLQRVLQGHÀQLFLyQpWLFDTXHQRHVSDVWRUDQLStFDUDQLGDPD
GH FRPHGLD VLQR XQ VHU LQÀQLWDPHQWH FRPSOHMR D FX\R ODGR 0HOLEHD UHVXOWD
PRQRFRUGHSHURTXHQRGHMDGHWHQHUDOPLVPRWLHPSRXQKRQGRDUUDLJRHQ
OD(VSDxDGHO)pQL[ª
6LUYDQHVWDVVXFLQWDPHQWHUHFRUWDGDVSHURSHQHWUDQWHVQRWDVLQWHUSUHWDWLYDV
SDUDHQWHQGHUFXDQGRFRPHQWHPRVDOJ~QHSLVRGLRPXVLFDOGHODREUDTXH'R
URWHDQRSURWDJRQL]D©HOWULOODGRIROOHWtQVHQWLPHQWDOGHODMRYHQFRDFFLRQDGDD
DFHSWDUXQDERUUHFLEOHGLYHVDPDWRUª<TXHHOLQGLDQRGRQ%HODQRHVWiFDUDF
WHUL]DGRQLPXFKRPHQRVULGtFXODPHQWHVLQRFRPR©KRPEUHGLVFUHWR\FRUWHVD
QRªGLVSXHVWRDGDUOHQRVyORFDXGDOHVVLQRPXFKRVRWURVYDORUHVPiVTXHGRQ
)HUQDQGR3HVHDVXGREOHLQÀGHOLGDG'RURWHDQRHVMX]JDGDQLFDOLÀFDGDSRU
/RSHGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDPRUDO(VDFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQKDFHPiVLQWHUHVDQWHV
WRGDYtDVXVDWULEXWRVGHPXMHUEHOODLQWHOLJHQWH\VREUHWRGR³HQORTXHQRV
LQWHUHVD³FXOWLYDGDHQHOFDQWR\HQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQLQVWUXPHQWDO
eVWDHVFRQSRFDVYDULDFLRQHVODVLQRSVLVTXHRIUHFH'RQDOG0DF*UDG\HQVXHGGHODREUD
0DGULG%LEOLRWHFD&DVWURSiJV[[[L[[[LL
)UDQFLVFR0iUTXH]9LOODQXHYD/RSH9LGD\YDORUHV5tR3LHGUDV8QLYHUVLGDGGH3XHUWR5LFR
SiJ
(O/RSHGHO6DQWR2ÀFLRHODUWLVWDRÀFLDOVHSXHGHSHUPLWLU©UHDOL]DUORTXHFDXVDUtDPDJQR
HVFiQGDORRQRKXELHUDKDOODGRSDVHHQFXDOTXLHURWUDWLHUUDGHFULVWLDQRVª)0iUTXH]9LOODQXHYDRS
FLWSiJ
)0iUTXH]9LOODQXHYDRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
/RSH GLFH HQ HO SUyORJR TXH KD SXHVWR DOJXQRV SRHPDV ©SRUTXH GHVFDQVH
TXLHQOH\HUHHQHOORVGHODFRQWLQXDFLyQGHODSURVD\SRUTXHQROHIDOWHD/D
'RURWHD OD YDULHGDG FRQ HO GHVHR GH TXH VDOJD KHUPRVDª /D FDQWLGDG GH pV
WRVFRPRKDGHVWDFDGR0RUE\HVXQLIRUPHPHQWHDOWtVLPDVLQORVDOWLEDMRVGH
RWUDVREUDVHQSURVDFRPR/D$UFDGLD$VtODSRHVtDFRQWULEX\HQRVyORDOD
KHUPRVXUDVLQRDODFRPSOHMLGDG\PRGHUQLGDGGHHVHH[SHULPHQWROLWHUDULRGH
DOWXUDTXHHV/D'RURWHD
1RVLQWHUHVDGLVWLQJXLUHQWUHWUHVWLSRVGHSRHPDVHQ/D'RURWHDSRHPDVTXH
VHOHHQRUHFLWDQSRHPDVTXHVHGLFHTXHVHFDQWDQSHURGHORVTXHQRFRQVHUYD
PRVP~VLFD\SRHPDVHQWHUFHUOXJDUTXHVHGLFHTXHVHFDQWDQ\TXHJUDFLDV
DODVYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDGDVTXHFRQVHUYDPRVGHORVPLVPRVSRGHPRVKDFHUQRV
XQDLGHDGHFyPRVHSRGUtDQKDEHUFDQWDGR3RHPDVORVTXHHVWHWHUFHUJUXSR
SRUWDQWRTXHVRQGHÀQLWLYDPHQWHFDQFLRQHVTXHVHGLIXQGLHURQSULQFLSDOPHQWH
IXHUDGHOFRQWH[WRGHODREUDSHURTXHWDPSRFRKD\TXHGHVFDUWDUTXHVHFDQ
WDUDQ HQ DOJXQD OHFWXUD S~EOLFD R UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ SDUFLDO GH OD PLVPD D SDUWLU
GHVXSULPHUDHGLFLyQGH7RGRVORVSRHPDVFRPRVHxDOD0RUE\SRGtDQ
KDEHU VLGR VXVWLWXLGRV SRU RWURV SHUR HVR Vt QR SRU RWURV ©LQGLIHUHQWHPHQWH
SXHVHVWiVLHPSUHFDOFXODGDVXWHPSHUDWXUDSRpWLFDSDUDUHIRU]DURDYHFHVSDUD
FRQWUDVWDUFRQODGHGLFKRPRPHQWRª
3RHPDVOHtGRVRUHFLWDGRV
<HQGRDOSULPHUJUXSRKD\HQ/D'RURWHDPXFKRVSRHPDVTXHFRPRHVWUD
WHJLDGHYDULDWLRVLPSOHPHQWHVHOHHQSRUHMHPSORHOGH©$Vt)DELRFDQWDED
GHO7DMRHQODVRULOODVªSiJVRVHUHFLWDQGHPHPRULDSRUHMHPSOR
-XOLRHOD\RGHGRQ)HUQDQGRUHFLWD©8QDVGRUDGDVFKLQHODVªSiJVR
UHFLWDODSULPHUDEDUTXLOODOD~QLFDTXHQRVHUiPXVLFDGD©£$\VROHGDGHVWULVWHV
GH PL TXHULGD SUHQGDª SiJV SRU QR KDEODU GH WDQWRV D ORV TXH VH
DOXGHFRQODVRODFLWDGHXQSULPHUYHUVRTXHVREUDUtDSDUDVXUHFRQRFLPLHQWR
(O SDSHO GH ORV PHQVDMHV SRpWLFRV D WUDYpV GH FDUWDV SOLHJRV HYRFDFLRQHV R
LPSURYLVDFLRQHVHVIXQGDPHQWDOFRPRHQODQRYHODVHQWLPHQWDOHQODSDVWRULO
HQODPRULVFD\HQODEL]DQWLQDSDUDGDUFDXFHH[SUHVLYRDORVHVWDGRVDQtPLFRV
PXGDEOHVGHORVSHUVRQDMHV<WDPELpQORHVHQODFHOHVWLQHVFDSXHVORVSHUVRQDMHV
SULQFLSDOHVFRQVXPLGRUHVFRPSXOVLYRVGHOHWUDLPSUHVDPRQRORJDQ\GLDORJDQ
GLVFXUUHQ\HVFULEHQUHFLWDQ\KDVWDFDQWDQKDFLHQGRHVWR~OWLPRMXVWDPHQWHHQ
PRPHQWRVGHHVSHFLDOLQWHQVLGDGGUDPiWLFD
0RUE\HGFLWSiJ
6HJXLUHPRV VLHPSUH SDUD ODV FLWDV FRPR KHPRV LQGLFDGR HQ OD Q OD HG FLW GH %OHFXD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
3RHPDVFDQWDGRV\¢PXVLFDGRV"
6HGDHQ/D'RURWHDXQVHJXQGRJUXSRGHSRHPDVTXH³QRVGLUi/RSHD
WUDYpVGHVXVSHUVRQDMHV³VHFDQWDQSHURGHORVTXHQRFRQVHUYDPRVP~VLFDGH
ODpSRFD¢6HFDQWDUtDQDOJXQDYH]"¢/HVKDEUtDSXHVWRP~VLFDHOSURSLR/RSHR
PHMRUDOJ~QDPLJRP~VLFR"¢6HWUDWDEDVRODPHQWHGHXQDSRWHQFLDOLGDGTXHRIUH
FtDHODXWRUSHURTXHQXQFDIXHH[SORWDGD"9HDPRVFyPRHVRVSRHPDVDXQTXH
QRKDEUtDPRVGHHQWHQGHUDODIXHU]DTXHIXHUDQHVWULFWDPHQWHFDQFLRQHVSXHV
HOGHQRPLQDUORVFRPRWDOHVHQODREUDSXHGHUHFRQRFHUVHFRPRGHÀQLFLyQOtULFD
RVLPSOHUHFXUVRGHpQIDVLVVLHPSUHTXHVHSUHVHQWDQHQODDFFLyQGUDPiWLFD
HVWiQSLGLHQGRVHULPDJLQDGRVGHQWURGHXQPDUFRVXSUDWH[WXDOTXHLQFOXLUtDOD
DFWXDFLyQPXVLFDOFRPRDOWHUQDWLYDRDxDGLGRDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
(PSHFHPRVSRUXQRGHORVPiVIDPRVRVURPDQFHVGH/RSH\GHODOLWHUD
WXUDHVSDxRODHOGH©$PLVVROHGDGHVYR\ª(OFpOHEUHURPDQFHVHVXSRQH
FDQWDGRGHQWURGHOD©DFFLyQHQSURVDªTXHHV/D'RURWHDHQODHVFHQDLYGHO
SULPHU DFWR FXDQGR GLDORJDQ 'RQ )HUQDQGR \ VX D\R -XOLR HQ XQD VLWXDFLyQ
TXHVHFRPSRQHVLQGXGDVREUHODHVFHQDLLGHODXWR,GH/D&HOHVWLQDFXDQGR
&DOLVWRGLDORJDFRQ6HPSURQLR(QODREUDGH5RMDV&DOLVWRWRPDHOOD~GSDUD
FDQWDUHOSDUHDGR©¢4XiOGRORUSXHGHVHUWDOTXHVH\JXDOHFRQPLPDO"ª/D
ULPDDJXGD\HOULSLRVREUHFRQFHSWRVDEVWUDFWRVOHSURGXFHQXQDGHVDJUDGDEOH
LPSUHVLyQ D 6HPSURQLR TXH SUREDEOHPHQWH LQYHQWD TXH HO LQVWUXPHQWR HVWi
GHVDÀQDGRSDUDGLVFXOSDU\DODYH]DFDOODUD&DOLVWR$OVXJHULUVLPSOHPHQWH
TXH©'HVWHPSODGRHVWiHVVHOD~GªGHVDWDODYHUERUUHDGHODPDQWHWUDVWRUQDGR
©¢&yPRWHPSODUiHOGHVWHPSODGR"¢&yPRVHQWLUiHODUPRQtDDTXHOTXHFRQVLJR
HVWiWDQGLVFRUGH>@"ª9HUGDGHVHQWUHGHVYDUtRVSRUTXH&DOLVWRHVWiDOXGLHQGR
DODFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHHOPLFURFRVPRVGHOFXHUSRKXPDQR\HOPDFURFRVPRV
GHOXQLYHUVRFRQODP~VLFDGHODVHVIHUDVGHODTXHODP~VLFDKXPDQDUHVXOWD
XQHFRPX\LPSHUIHFWR$OSDUHFHU6HPSURQLROHTXLWDHOOD~GGHODVPDQRV
D&DOLVWR\SURFHGHDWHPSODUORpOPLVPRSRUTXHpVWHOHSLGH©WDxH\FDQWDOD
PiVWULVWHFDQFLyQTXHVHSDVª<6HPSURQLRFDQWDUiXQDFDQFLyQLQFRQJUXHQWH
HQHVHPRPHQWRHYLGHQWHPHQWHSDUDSURGXFLUXQHIHFWRWRGDYtDPiVJURWHVFR
+D\GLVWLQWRVHVWXGLRVVREUHHOURPDQFHGHVGHODFOiVLFDDSUR[LPDFLyQGH/HR6SLW]HU©$PLV
VROHGDGHVYR\ª5HYLVWDGH)LORORJtD(VSDxROD;;,,,SiJVKDVWDHOUHFLHQWHWUDEDMRGH
*XLOOHUPR 6HUpV ©$ PLV VROHGDGHV YR\ª IXHQWHV UHPRWDV \ PRWLYRV SULQFLSDOHVª $QXDULR /RSH GH
9HJD,9SiJV
(VODRSLQLyQGH3HWHU(5XVVHOOHG)HUQDQGRGH5RMDV&RPHGLDR7UDJLFRPHGLDGH&DOLVWR
\0HOLEHD0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJQ
&RPRGHGXFH$ODQ'H\HUPRQG©/D&HOHVWLQDFRPRFDQFLRQHURªHQ&LQFR6LJORVGH©&HOHV
WLQDªDSRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUSUHWDWLYDVHGV5DIDHO%HOWUiQ-RVp/XLV&DQHW\-RVHS/OXtV6LUHUD9DOHQFLD
8QLYHUVLGDGSiJVSiJ9pDVHPiVDGHODQWHODGLVFXVLyQQHRSODWyQLFDTXHRULJLQD
XQSDVDMHVHPHMDQWHHQ/D'RURWHDFIULQIUDQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
TXHHOGHVXDPRFRPRKDQVDELGRDSUHFLDUDOJXQDVDGDSWDFLRQHVWHDWUDOHVGH
OD REUD (VWD FDQFLyQ FRQVWLWX\H OD SULPHUD PHQFLyQ HVFULWD \ £DWHQFLyQ HQ
FRQWH[WRGHFDQWRGHXQIDPRVtVLPRURPDQFHTXHOXHJRVHUiDUUHJODGRSDUDHO
FDQWRSRUP~VLFRVFRPR0DWHR)OHFKD-XDQ%HUPXGR\9HQHJDVGH+HQHVWURVD
0HUHÀHURD
0LUD1HURGH7DUSH\D
D5RPDFyPRVHDUGtD
JULWRVGDQQLxRV\YLHMRV
\pOGHQDGDVHGROtD
(VH PLVPR SURFHVR GH FRPSRVLFLyQ GH GLIHUHQWHV YHUVLRQHV PXVLFDOHV D
SDUWLU GH XQ WH[WR FRQRFLGR \ OD &HOHVWLQD HV VLQ GXGD OD PiV GLYXOJDGD GH
ODV QRYHODV GHO VLJOR ;9, HV HO TXH VHJXLUiQ FRPR YHUHPRV YDULRV SRHPDV
GH/D'RURWHD
3XHVELHQORPLVPRTXHODHVFHQDGH)HUQDQGRGH5RMDVDUUDQFDEDFRQOD
SHWLFLyQGHOOD~G©£6HPSURQLR¢6HxRU"£'DPHDFiHOOD~G6HxRUYHVOH
DTXtªHQ/D'RURWHD'RQ)HUQDQGRSLGH©'DPHDTXHOLQVWUXPHQWRª<SURED
EOHPHQWHHO©GHVWHPSODGROD~GªGH&DOLVWRLQVSLUDWDPELpQD/RSHSDUDLQFRUSRUDU
XQFRPHQWDULRHQWRUQRDODVPROHVWLDV\GLÀFXOWDGHVGHHQFRQWUDULQVWUXPHQWRV
ELHQWHPSODGRVPD\RUHVTXHODVGHHQFRQWUDUEXHQSDSHOSDUDHVFULWXUD
'21)(51$1'2³6DOWyODSULPD>ODFXHUGDSULPDGHODJXL
WDUUD@
-8/,2³6HUtDGHODSXHQWHDXQTXHQRKD\UtR>GLFHMXJDQGRFRQ
ODKRPRQLPLDGHO©SXHQWHªSDUDODVFODYLMDV@
'21)(51$1'2³(OTXHGLMRTXHIXHUDFRPRGLGDGKDOODUD
FRPSUDUFDUWDV\EDUEDVKHFKDV¢SRUTXpQRGLMRLQVWUXPHQWRVWHP
SODGRV"
-8/,2³3RUTXHIXHUDLPSRVLEOHVLHQGRODVFXHUGDVGHODPDWH
ULDTXHYHVSRUTXHFRQODKXPLGDGEDMDQ\FRQPXFKDFDORUVXEHQ
)LQDOPHQWH VRQ FRPR DOJXQDV PXMHUHV TXH VLHPSUH HV PHQHVWHU
WHPSODUODV
'21 )(51$1'2³ 3RU HVR WLUDQ GH VX FRQGLFLyQ SDUD TXH
DOFDQFHQDOSXQWRGHOTXHODVWHPSOD
-8/,2³0XFKDVTXLHEUDQ
'21)(51$1'2³%XVFDUODVÀQDV\DUURMDUODVIDOVDVTXHDVt
KDFHQORVP~VLFRV
-8/,2³8QDFXULRVLGDGKDFHDHVHSURSyVLWR
'21)(51$1'2³¢&yPR"
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
-8/,2³ 4XH FXDQGR GHVDWDQ OD PDGHMD OD GDQ FRQ HO GHGR
WHQLHQGR HQ OD ERFD HO FDER GH OD FXHUGD \ VL KDFH GRV VRPEUDV OD
GHMDQSRUIDOVD\SDVDQDRWURWHUFLR<DVtVHKDGHSUREDUODPXMHU
\ HQ KDFLHQGR GRV VRPEUDV D FDGD SDUWH PXGDUVH HO WHUFLR GH RWUD
SiJV
(YLGHQWHPHQWHFRQVXVFRPHQWDULRVGLJUHVLYRV-XOLRHVWiGDQGRWLHPSRD
TXHHQODDFFLyQGUDPiWLFD'RQ)HUQDQGRWHPSOHHOLQVWUXPHQWR\FDQWH³QDGD
H[WUDxDPHQWH UHFRQRFLpQGROR HQ OD REUD FRPR XQ DOWHU HJR GHO )pQL[ GH ORV
LQJHQLRV³©XQURPDQFHGH/RSHª
'21)(51$1'2³<RKHWHPSODGR
-8/,2³$PLFRVWDTXHORKHRtGR
'21)(51$1'2³2\HXQURPDQFHGH/RSH
-8/,2³<RWHHVFXFKR
<HQWRQFHV
'21)(51$1'2³$PLVVROHGDGHVYR\
GHPLVVROHGDGHVYHQJRSiJ
8QVHJXQGRFDVR(QODHVFHQDYGHODFWR,,'RURWHDFDQWDUiRWURURPDQFHHVWD
YH]GHWHPDPRULVFRSDUDHOTXHGHVDIRUWXQDGDPHQWHWDPSRFRQRVKDOOHJDGR
P~VLFDGHODpSRFD¢/DWHQGUtDDOJXQDYH]"(OLQVWUXPHQWRGHDFRPSDxDPLHQWR
HVDKRUDHODUSD(VWDPRVHQODSULPHUDHQWUHYLVWDHQWUH'RQ%HOD\'RURWHD
'21%(/$³+HUPRVD'RURWHDGHVGHTXHHQWUpDTXtSXVHORV
RMRVHQDTXHODUSDGHYXHVWUDVPXFKDVJUDFLDVPHGLFHQTXHHVXQDOD
YR]\ODGHVWUH]DQRRVWHQJiLVSRUGHVHUYLGDGHTXHRVVXSOLTXHPH
IDYRUH]FiLVFRQGRVYHUVRVGHORVTXHYRVWXYLpUHGHVPiVJXVWR
'2527($³>@'DPHDTXHOODDUSD&HOLD>@
'21%(/$³>@£4XpELHQSDUHFHQODVPDQRVHQODVFXHUGDV
<GHQXHYRORVSUREOHPDVFRQHOWHPSOHRDÀQDPLHQWRGHOLQVWUXPHQWR
'2527($³3HUGRQDGHODÀQDUODVTXHHVQRWDEOHHOJRELHUQR
GHVWDUHS~EOLFDGHFXHUGDV
'21%(/$³/DVGRVyUGHQHVKDFHQPiVIiFLOHVORVEHPROHV
'2527($³'HEpLVVDEHUP~VLFD
'21%(/$³$ÀFLyQOHWHQJR
'2527($³&DXWLYRHO$ELQGDUUiH]SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
'RQ%HODLQWHUUXPSHHOURPDQFHGH$ELQGDUUiH]DODVRFKRHVWURIDV©2FKR
YHUVRVªGLFHGRQ%HODDXQTXHWUDWiQGRVHGHWLUDGDURPDQFHULOQRKD\HVWURID
3RUTXHFRPRVRVWLHQH&DUYDOORHQ(OFLVQHGH$SROR©DXQTXHHOFRQVRQDQWH
GHEH GXUDU WRGR HO 5RPDQFH KDVWD DFDEDUVH FRQ WRGR HVR YD GLYLGLpQGRVH HO
VHQWLGRGHFXDWURHQFXDWURYHUVRVDPDQHUDGHFXDUWLOOD>@FRPRVLIXHUDXQD
FRSODª'RURWHDFRQWLQ~D\DFDED3UHWHQGHGHMDUHOLQVWUXPHQWRSHUR*HUDUGD
LQVLVWHHQTXH©YXHOYDDFDQWDURWUDFRVDªSiJ(VDRWUDFDQFLyQVHUiHO
URPDQFHTXHFRPLHQ]D©&RUUtDXQPDQVRDUUR\XHORªGHOTXHWDPSRFRFRQ
VHUYDPRVP~VLFD/DFDQFLyQDFDEDFRQXQYLOODQFLFR
©0DGUHXQRVRMXHORVYL
YHUGHVDOHJUHV\EHOORV
£$\TXHPHPXHURSRUHOORV
\HOORVVHEXUODQGHPtªSiJ
*HUDUGDKDFHXQDDOXVLyQFUtWLFDDORVYLOODQFLFRVTXHFRPLHQ]DQSRU©0DGUHª
VHJXUDPHQWHSRUTXHOHPROHVWDHVDPHQFLyQSHURLQWURGXFHXQYHUVRGHRWUR
©0DGUHPtDPLVFDEHOORVªTXHQRVDEHPRVVLVHUtDSRSXODURVLPSOHFKLVWHGH
*HUDUGDGDQGRSLHSDUDTXHD'RURWHDOHVDOJDXQD©JUDFLRVDUHSHWLFLyQªHV
GHFLUXQDHVWURIDGHOSULPHUR©/DVGRVQLxDVGHVXVFLHORVª'RQ%HODSUHJXQWD
GHTXLpQHVHOWRQR©&~\RHVHOWRQRª\*HUDUGDFRQWHVWDTXH©GHODPLVPD
TXHORFDQWDªHVGHFLUGH'RURWHD1XQFDFRPRDTXtFXDQGR*HUDUGDODVHVWi
H[KLELHQGRDQWH'RQ%HODVHPXHVWUDQWDQFRPSOHWDVODV©JUDFLDVªGH'RURWHD
$DPEDVOHVYDPXFKRHQHOMXHJRGHYHQWDGHOSURGXFWR
*(5$5'$³ 3XHV VL OD YLpVHGHV SRQHU ODV PDQRV HQ XQ FODYL
FRUGLR SHQVDUpLV TXH DQGD XQD DUDxD GH FULVWDO SRU ODV WHFODV 3XHV
£HVFULELUXQSDSHOGHOHWUDDVHQWDGD>HVGHFLUGHOHWUDGHSULYLOHJLRV
ODPHMRUOHWUD@3XHGHWUDVODGDUSULYLOHJLRV\VLHVGHSULVDFRSLDUDO
YXHORVHUPRQHVSiJ
$SXG&DUPHQ9DOFiUFHO©3UREOHPDVGHHGLFLyQGHORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVHQHO6LJORGH2URª
HQ ,JQDFLR$UHOODQR HG &UtWLFD \ DQRWDFLyQ ÀOROyJLFD HQ REUDV GHO 6LJOR GH 2UR 0DGULG &DVWDOLD
SiJVSiJV9pDVHWDPELpQ3DVWRU&RPtQRSFLWSiJ(OLQLFLRGHODGLV
FXVLyQVREUHHOSUREOHPDGHHVWUXFWXUDUODVWLUDGDVGHURPDQFHHQHVWURIDVSDUWHGH6*0RUOH\©$UH
WKH6SDQLVK5RPDQFHV:ULWWHQLQ4XDWUDLQV"³$QG2WKHU4XHVWLRQVª5RPDQLF5HYLHZ9,,
SiJV9pDVHXQSODQWHDPLHQWRPiVDFWXDOL]DGRHQ0&*DUFtDGH(QWHUUtD©)XQFLyQGHODOHWUD
SDUDFDQWDUHQODVFRPHGLDVGH/RSHGH9HJDª%ROHWtQGHOD%LEOLRWHFD0HQpQGH]\3HOD\R
SiJV\©5RPDQFHUR¢FDQWDGRUHFLWDGROHtGR"ª(GDGGH2UR9,,SiJV
&RPRSURSRQHQ-RVp0DUtD\0%%DUULRV(OFDQFLRQHURWHDWUDOGH/RSHGH9HJD/RQGUHV
7DPHVLVQ~P
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
¢4XpQRGDUtDPRVSRUHVFXFKDUD'RURWHDFDQWDQGRPLHQWUDVWDxHHODUSDR
PDUWLOOHDQGRFRQVXVGHGRV³SXHVGHSHUFXVLyQVHWUDWDEDFRQHOFODYLFRUGLR³
FXDO©DUDxDGHFULVWDOSRUODVWHFODVªFRPRGLFHHOWH[WR"6LQHPEDUJRQRVDOLPRV
QDGDPDOSDUDGRVFRQHOFDPELRVLQRVFRQIRUPDPRVFRQHVFXFKDUHVRVPLVPRV
YHUVRVFDQWDGRVSRUXQDJUDQYR]OtULFDDFWXDOODGH7HUHVD%HUJDQ]DHQXQD
JUDEDFLyQGHDSDUWLUGHODFRPSRVLFLyQTXHUHDOL]y\DHQHOODSULPHUD
PLWDGGHOVLJOR;;HOFDWDOiQ(GXDUGR7ROGUiYpDVH7H[WR,GHO
$SpQGLFH1RHVHYLGHQWHPHQWHP~VLFDGHODpSRFDSRUTXHUHFRUGHPRVTXH
HVWDPRVWRGDYtDHQHOJUXSRGHSRHPDVQRPXVLFDGRV3HURVRQYHUVRVTXHPX\
SUREDEOHPHQWHQDFLHURQFRQP~VLFD\ODWXYLHURQ\DHQHOVLJOR;9,,
3RHPDVFDQWDGRV\PXVLFDGRV
<SDVHPRVDKRUDVtDOWHUFHUJUXSRGHFRPSRVLFLRQHVSRpWLFDVGH/D'RURWHD
$TXHOODVGHÀQLWLYDPHQWHPXVLFDGDVHQpSRFDGH/RSHSUREDEOHPHQWHDSDUWLU
GHODGLIXVLyQGHODREUDDXQTXHTXHSDQRGHVFDUWDUODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHHQ
DOJ~QFDVRORKXELHVHQVLGRDQWHVGHVXLQFOXVLyQHQ/D'RURWHD
/DVSULPHUDVFDQFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGHQDVHQGDVYHUVLRQHVGHWUHVGHODVFXDWUR
FpOHEUHVEDUTXLOODVORSHVFDVVHJXQGDWHUFHUD\FXDUWD&RPRGLFHHOSURSLR
/RSHHQODREUDODVEDUTXLOODVVRQ©DPDQHUDGHHGLOLRVSLVFDWRULRVªSiJ
HOHJtDVRHQGHFKDVDODPXHUWHGH$PDULOLVHVGHFLUGH0DUWD1HYDUHVHO~OWLPR
DPRU GH /RSH ©OOHQDV GH ÀQXUD \ SUHFLRVLVPR SHUR WDPELpQ GH PHODQFROtDª
©GHVHQJDxDGDVªFRPRODVFDOLÀFD%OHFXD
/D SULPHUD EDUTXLOOD GH /D 'RURWHD ©$\ VROHGDGHV WULVWHVª ,,, L SiJV
ODPiVODUJDQRFRQVHUYDTXHVHFRQR]FDQLQJXQDYHUVLyQPXVLFDGD
(QHVHVHQWLGRWHQGUtDTXHKDEHULGRXELFDGDHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUSHURKH
PRVSUHIHULGRPDQWHQHUODFRKHVLyQGHOFLFORGHEDUTXLOODV(VFXULRVRDGHPiV
TXH DO LQWURGXFLU -XOLR HO D\R GH GRQ )HUQDQGR VXV YHUVRV FRPR HQGHFKDV D
ODPXHUWHGH©XQDGDPDªHQUHFRQRFLGDDOXVLyQD0DUWD1HYDUHVORKDJDGHO
VLJXLHQWHPRGR©$XQJHQWLOKRPEUHTXHW~FRQRFHVVHOHKDPXHUWRVXGDPD
TXH\RTXLHURHQWUHWHQHUWHFRQXQRVYHUVRVVX\RVDPDQHUDGHHGLOLRVSLVFDWR
ULRVª<PiVFXULRVRWRGDYtDTXH'RQ)HUQDQGROHUHSOLTXH©<RWHQJRGRVGHO
PLVPR\ORVKHSXHVWRHQIDPRVRVWRQRVª6HVXSRQHTXHVHUHÀHUHDORVGRV
7HUHVD %HUJDQ]D &DQFLRQHV HVSDxRODV *UDQDGRV 7XULQD *XULGL 7ROGUi &ODYHV 5HFRUGV
FRQ-XDQ$QWRQLRÉOYDUH]3DUHMRDOSLDQR7XYLPRVRFDVLyQGHHVFXFKDUODFDQFLyQGHODPH]]R
VRSUDQRFRPRPDWHULDOVRQRURGHODSRQHQFLDSUHVHQWDGDHQHO6HPLQDULR(GDGGH2UR
04XHURO&0/9,Q~PV
-0%OHFXDHGFLWSiJ(OPiVGHWDOODGRDQiOLVLVGHODOHWUDGHODVEDUTXLOODVTXHFRQR]FR
HVHOGH$QWRQLR&DUUHxR(OURPDQFHUROtULFRGH/RSHGH9HJD0DGULG*UHGRVSiJV
(OHVWXGLRFOiVLFRHVHOGH-RVp)0RQWHVLQRV©/DVSRHVtDVOtULFDVGH/RSHGH9HJDª>@HQ
(VWXGLRVVREUH/RSHGH9HJD0DGULG$QD\D7DPELpQSDUD/D'RURWHDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
©HGLOLRVªGHOPLVPRDXWRUHVGHFLUGHOSURSLR/RSH3HURFRPRYHUHPRVQR
YDQDVHUGRVVLQRWUHV<SRURWUDSDUWHHO©ORVKHSXHVWRHQIDPRVRVWRQRVª
SDUHFHUtDLQGLFDUODFRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDOGHOSURSLR/RSHDOJRQRGHVFDUWDEOH
SHURSRFRSUREDEOH
/DVHJXQGDEDUTXLOOD©3DUDTXHQRWHYD\DVSREUHEDUTXLOODDSLTXHª,,,
LSiJVHVWiUHFRJLGDHQHOPVGH7RQRV+XPDQRV%10FRQ
P~VLFDGHIUD\%HUQDUGR0XULOOR&RPRHVKDELWXDOHOFRSLVWDPXVLFDOWUDVODGD
VRODPHQWHDOJXQDVGHODVFRSODVGHOSRHPDHQHVWHFDVRVLHWH³
\³GHFLQFXHQWD\FLQFR<FRPRWDQWDVYHFHVRFXUUHFRQORVURPDQFHV
PXVLFDGRV HQ HO EDUURFR FXDQGR HO RULJLQDO OLWHUDULR QR OOHYD HVWULELOOR HQ OD
YHUVLyQPXVLFDOVHOHLQYHQWDXQRHVFULWRPXFKDVYHFHV³DSXQWD4XHURO³SRU
HOPLVPRPDHVWURGHFDSLOODRDUXHJRVGHpVWHSRUDOJ~QPHGLRFUHSRHWD/D
EDUTXLOODHVWiSXHVWDGHQXHYRHQERFDGH-XOLRTXHVHODUHFLWDDGRQ)HUQDQ
GRSRUTXH³GLFH³©1RTXLHURUHVSRQGHUWHVLQRGLYHUWLUWHª$XQTXHQDGDVH
PHQFLRQDDQWHVGHHPSUHQGHUHOUHFLWDGRHQWRUQRDODVSRVLEOHVYLUWXDOLGDGHV
PXVLFDOHVGHODFRPSRVLFLyQHVFXULRVRTXH'RQ)HUQDQGRQDGDPiVDFDEDU
pVWDUHFODPH©'DPHXQWUDVODGRGHVWDVHQGHFKDV-XOLRTXHVLIXHUDQEUHYHV
ODVHVWXGLDUDSDUDFDQWDUODVª$ORTXH-XOLRUHSOLFDUi©/DVRWUDVGRVTXHWLHQHV
VRQPiVDSURSyVLWRª'HQXHYRODUHIHUHQFLDDODV©GRVªVHVXSRQHTXHEDU
TXLOODVRHQGHFKDVSHURHVWDYH]FRPSXHVWDVQRSRUHO©JHQWLOKRPEUHTXHW~
FRQRFHVVHOHKDPXHUWRVXGDPDªVLQRSRUHOSURSLRGRQ)HUQDQGRFRQIXQGLGR
FRQ/RSHRIXQGLGRD/RSH
/DWHUFHUD³VHJXQGDGHODVTXHFRQVHUYDPRVPXVLFDGDV³FRLQFLGHFRQOD
PiVFRQRFLGDGHODVFXDWUREDUTXLOODVODTXHFRPLHQ]D©3REUHEDUTXLOODPtD
HQWUHSHxDVFRVURWDª,,,YLLSiJV7DQWRHO©WRQRPHODQFyOLFR\
UHÁH[LYRªFRPRODV©QRWDVGHVFULSWLYDVYLYDFHV\FRORULVWDVªGHVDSDUHFHQHQ
ODSULPHUDYHUVLyQPXVLFDGDGHHVWHSRHPD3RUTXHVHWUDWDGHXQDYHUVLyQDOR
GLYLQRTXHVHFRQVHUYDHQHO$UFKLYRPXVLFDOGH6DQWR'RPLQJRGHOD&DO]DGD
FRQDUUHJORVGHO3DGUH,VODFRUUHVSRQGHDRFKRFRSODV³\
³GHODVWUHLQWD\GRVTXHFRQWLHQHODYHUVLyQRULJLQDOSURIDQDGH/D'RURWHD
/DVHJXQGDYHUVLyQFRQVLHWHFRSODV³\³SHUWHQHFHDXQ
PVGHOVLJOR;9,,GHO$UFKLYRSDUWLFXODUGH0LJXHO4XHUROFRQP~VLFDGHXQ
DQyQLPR<ODWHUFHUDYHUVLyQFRUUHVSRQGHUtDXQFRQMXQWRGHFRSODVFRQVHUYDGDV
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
(QHVWHFDVRHOHVWULELOORVHUi©£$\TXHPHDQHJRHQODVRODVGHWXVSHVDUHVªTXHHIHFWL
YDPHQWHQRHQFRQWUDPRVHQ/D'RURWHD
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
&RPRODVDGMHWLYD-0%OHFXDHGFLWSiJV
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
HQ GLIHUHQWHV PDQXVFULWRV GH %DUFHORQD 0p[LFR \ 0DGULG TXH UHSLWHQ FRPR
HVWULELOORHOURPDQFH©3REUHEDUTXLOODPtDHQWUHSHxDVFRVURWDª
(OFRQWH[WRHQTXHDSDUHFHHVWDWHUFHUDEDUTXLOODHQ/D'RURWHD\DIDYRUHFtD
VXHQWHQGLPLHQWRFRPRSLH]DFDQWDGD\PXVLFDGD(QXQDHVFHQDGHFDOOHMXQWR
DOEDOFyQHQUHMDGRGH'RURWHD-XOLRSURSRQHD'RQ)HUQDQGRHOHMHUFLFLRPXVLFDO
FRPRWHUDSLD©6HxRUGHMDSRU'LRVHVRVGHVDWLQRVWRPDHOLQVWUXPHQWR\FDQWD
VLTXLHUDSRUTXHGLYLHUWDVWDQWDWULVWH]Dª(VODWtSLFDHVFHQDGHFDWiOLVLVFXDQGRHO
WLHPSRSUHYLRDOHQFXHQWURVHDODUJDFRQHOLQWHUOXGLRPXVLFDO$VtRFXUUHHQOD
&HOHVWLQDDXWR;,9FXDQGRHQWUHWHQLHQGRODHVSHUDGHODPDQWH0HOLEHDSLGHD
/XFUHFLDTXHFDQWH©&DQWDPiVSRUPLYLGD/XFUHFLDª'RQ)HUQDQGRWDPELpQ
KDFHFDVRD-XOLR©6HSDRQRVHSD'RURWHDTXHHVWR\DTXt\ROHTXLHURGHFLU
PLVORFXUDVFRQHVWDVFXHUGDV\>DXQ@FXDQGRQRPHHVFXFKHQRLPSRUWDTXH
HODOPDVHGHOHLWDFRQODP~VLFDQDWXUDOPHQWHªSiJ$OSRFRPLHQWUDVVH
VXSRQHTXH'RQ)HUQDQGRKDHVWDGRDÀQDQGRODJXLWDUUDOHGLFH-XOLR©&DQWD
FDQWDSXHVKDVWHPSODGRQRYHQJDTXLHQORHVWRUEHªSiJ6HJXLUiHOFDQWR
GHODODUJDWHUFHUDEDUTXLOOD\DOÀQDOODDXWRFUtWLFDGH'RQ)HUQDQGR©&UHR
TXHKHFDQWDGRPDOSRUTXHPHWHPEODEDODYR]ªUHFKD]DGDSRUXQ-XOLRTXH
DOSDUHFHUHQWLHQGHWDPELpQORVX\RGHFDQWR©$QWHVQRWHKHRtGRHQPLYLGD
FRQWDQH[FHOHQWHVSDVRV\FURPiWLFRVGLYLQDPHQWHSDVDEDVHQODVRWDYDVGHOD
YR]DOIDOVHWHªSiJ
/DFXDUWD\~OWLPDGHODVEDUTXLOODV³WHUFHUDGHODVPXVLFDGDV³©*LJDQWH
FULVWDOLQRª,,,YLLLSiJVWLHQHXQHVSHFLDOLQWHUpVSDUDQRVRWURVSRUTXH
VHSUHVHQWDFRPRKHPRVWHQLGRRFDVLyQGHFRPHQWDUHQHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDO
GH2QWLQ\HQWYpDVH7H[WR,,GHO$SpQGLFH3HURLGpQWLFDYHUVLyQTXHODGHO
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWFRQRFKRFRSODV³OD
³ HVSLJDGDV GH HQWUH ODV GLHFLQXHYH HQ HO RULJLQDO \ XQ HVWULELOOR TXH UH
GXFHDWHUFHWRORVFXDWURYHUVRVGHORULJLQDOVHHQFXHQWUDWDPELpQUHFRJLGDHQ
HOPVGH7RQRV+XPDQRVIROVFRPR\DDQRWDUD%DOTXH
HVHOTXHWUDQVFULEH4XHUROVHxDODQGRODVYDULDQWHVGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH
2QWLQ\HQW4XHURO(O&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQWTXHGD
HOQRPEUHGHOFRPSRVLWRU0DQXHO&RUUHDVyORKDFRQVHUYDGRGHODVFXDWUR
YRFHVGH7RQRVKXPDQRVODYR]GHOWLSOHTXHHVLJXDODODGH7RQRV+XPDQRV
(OFRQWH[WRHQHOTXHDSDUHFHODEDUTXLOOD©*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRªHQODREUDHVGH
QXHYRPXVLFDO(VWDPRVDUJXPHQWDOPHQWHDPX\SRFDGLVWDQFLDGHODDQWHULRU
7RGDYtDHQODHVFHQDGHOEDOFyQ)HOLSDFULDGDGH'RURWHDOHSLGHD'RQ)HU
QDQGRGHSDUWHGHVXDPDTXHYXHOYDDFDQWDU©DTXHOORGHODSREUHEDUTXLOODª
HV GHFLU OD FDQFLyQ DQWHULRU 'RQ )HUQDQGR DVLHQWH SHUR HQ YH] GH UHSHWLU OR
PLVPR³WH[WXDOPHQWHXQDUHSHWLFLyQKDEUtDVLGRDEVXUGD³HQVD\D©*LJDQWH
Anterior
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
FULVWDOLQRª(OFDQWRKDFHVDOLUD'RURWHDDSDVLRQDGDGHQXHYRSRUHODPDGR
3HURDpVWHFRQODHPRFLyQRHOQRPHQRUDUUHEDWRVHOHKDURWRXQDFXHUGDGH
ODJXLWDUUD©/DSULPDTXHVHOHTXHEUyKDSXHVWR\DFDQWDUYXHOYHª<FDQWDUi
HQWRQFHVRWUDGHODVFDQFLRQHVGHODVTXHQRJXDUGDPRVP~VLFD©7DQYLYRHVWi
HQPLDOPDGHWXSDUWLGDHOGtDªSiJ
(OFXDUWRSRHPDGH/D'RURWHD9LLLSiJVTXHYDDVHUPXVLFDGR
HVWDPELpQXQURPDQFH©6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQDª7DPELpQQRVKHPRVUHIHULGR
SUHYLDPHQWHDpOSRUTXHVyORVHFRQVHUYDVXSDUWLWXUDGHFRPSRVLFLyQDQyQLPD
TXHFRQR]FDPRV HQ HO &DQFLRQHUR PXVLFDO GH 2QWLQ\HQW YpDVH7H[WR ,,, GHO
$SpQGLFH
'RQ)HUQDQGRORFDQWDHQODREUDDFRPSDxDGRGHJXLWDUUD/DHVFHQDFR
PLHQ]DFRQODVSDODEUDVGHODVWUyORJR&pVDUTXLHQHVFXFKDHVFRQGLGRODFRQ
YHUVDFLyQHQWUH'RQ)HUQDQGR\-XOLRTXHSURSRQHQQXHYRVHTXtYRFRVFRQOD
KRPRQLPLDGH©FXHUGDª
&e6$5³7HPSODQGR HVWi VX LQVWUXPHQWR GRQ )HUQDQGR GHVGH
DTXtSRUTXHQROHGHMHTXLHURHVFXFKDUORTXHFDQWD
'21)(51$1'2³0DODVSULPDV
-8/,2³1RKD\FXHUGDEXHQD
'21)(51$1'2³0LUDORTXHGLFHVTXHQRHVFXHUGDODTXH
HVPDOD
-8/,2³¢'HVWRVDFDVDOHJRUtDV"
'21)(51$1'2³'RURWHDIXHODFDXVD
-8/,2³¢<DHVPDOD'RURWHD"
'21)(51$1'2³7~ORVDEHV
-8/,2³+DVWDTXHQRGLJDVPDOGH'RURWHDQRWHQJRTXHFUHHU
TXHODKDVROYLGDGRSiJ
-XOLRFRQWLQ~DKDEODQGR\'RQ)HUQDQGRDODVX\DFRPLHQ]DDFDQWDUFRQ
VHQWLPLHQWR\FDXWLYDGRUDYR]DMX]JDUSRUODVRSLQLRQHVSRVWHULRUHVGHODVWUy
ORJR©6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQDª
/RPLVPRTXH7ROGUiKLFLHUDFRQ©0DGUHXQRVRMXHORVYLª(QULTXH*UD
QDGRVFRPSXVRORVDUUHJORVGHOHVWULELOORGHHVWDRWUDFDQFLyQ©6L
WXYLHUDVDOGHDQDªTXHGLFH©1ROORUpLVRMXHORVª$VtSRGHPRVHQHVWDRFDVLyQ
HVFXFKDU D OD VRSUDQR 0RQVHUUDW &DEDOOp FDQWDQGR ORV YHUVRV D SDUWLU GH HVD
YHUVLyQ3HURDGHPiV0DQXHOD0XxR]SURIHVRUDGHFDQWRHQHO&RQVHUYDWRULR
GH0~VLFDGH9DOHQFLDWLHQHJUDEDGDVDSHWLFLyQPtDODVHVWURIDV\PiV
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
0RQWVHUUDW &DEDOOp 6LQJV *UDQDGRV %0* &ODVVLFV Q~P FRQ 0LJXHO =DQHWWL DO
SLDQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
HOHVWULELOORGH©6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQDªDSDUWLUGHOWHVWLPRQLR~QLFRGHODpSRFD
HOGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW,QGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHODVYRFHVYDOH
ODSHQDFRQIURQWDUODVYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDOHVEDUURFDODGHO&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDO
GH2QWLQ\HQW\PRGHUQLVWDODGH*UDQDGRV
7UDVHVWDVDXGLFLRQHVWHQGUtDPRVTXHKDEHUURJDGRFRPRHODVWUyORJR&pVDU
D'RQ)HUQDQGR
&e6$5³1RGHMpLVHOLQVWUXPHQWR)HUQDQGRSRUPLYLGD
'21)(51$1'2³<DODVKDEtDQGDGROLFHQFLDORVYHUVRVDODV
FXHUGDVSDUDTXHGHVFDQVDVHQ
&e6$5³(VWiWDQELHQFDQWDGRFRPRHVFULWR
>@
'21)(51$1'2³$UWHGLYLQRHVODP~VLFD
&e6$5³'D>Q@OHSRULQYHQWRUD0HUFXULR\RWURVD$ULVWyJHQR
SHUR OR FLHUWR HV TXH IXH$PRU SRUTXH OD DUPRQtD HV FRQFHQWR HO
FRQFHQWRHVFRQFRUGLDGHOVRQJUDYH\GHODJXGR\ODFRQFRUGLDIXH
LQVWLWXLGDGHDPRUSRUTXHFRQDTXHOODUHFtSURFDEHQHYROHQFLDVHVL
JXHHOHIHWRGHODP~VLFDTXHHVHOGHOHLWH(VWDXQLyQDPRURVDOODPy
0DUVLOLR)LFLQRPLQLVWUDVX\DSiJV (O TXLQWR SRHPD TXH YD D VHU PXVLFDGR HV VHQFLOODPHQWH XQ SDUHDGR GH
ULFDUDLJDPEUHOLWHUDULD(QODHVWXSHQGDHVFHQDYLGHODFWR9GH/D'RURWHD
SiJV FXDQGR 'RURWHD HVWi TXHPDQGR ODV FDUWDV GH 'RQ )HUQDQGR
DQWHODGHVRUELWDGDLPDJHQGHHVHKRORFDXVWRTXHODPLVPD'RURWHDRIUHFHDO
UHTXHULPLHQWRGH*HUDUGD©ÉUGHVH7UR\DªFRQWHVWDpVWD
£)XHJRIXHJRGDQYRFHV£IXHJRVXHQD
\VyOR3DULVGLFH$EUDVHD(OHQD 'RURWHDSUHJXQWD©¢(VFDQFLyQQXHYD"ª
(QHO6HPLQDULR(GDGGH2URVHSXGRHVFXFKDUDGHPiVGHODYR]GHOD&DEDOOpFRPRSULPLFLD
SXHVQRFUHRTXHKD\DQVLGRFDQWDGDVQXQFDHQORV~OWLPRVGRVRWUHVVLJORVODVHVWURIDVGHHVWHSRHPD
ODWDPELpQPDJQtÀFDGH0DQXHOD0XxR]DTXLHQQRDJUDGHFHUpQXQFDOREDVWDQWHVXFRODERUDFLyQ\VX
DVHVRUDPLHQWRHQpVWH\RWURVDVSHFWRVPXVLFROyJLFRV
&RQWLQ~DHQHVWDHVFHQDDUDt]GHHVWDVLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVXQDLQWHUHVDQWHGLVFXVLyQ
VREUHHOQHRSODWRQLVPRFIUVXSUDQ
04XHURO&0/9,Q~PV
(O&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW Q~P\ HO &DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH$MXGDSUHVHQWDQ
XQDFRPSRVLFLyQ©9HQJDQ]DJULHJRVUHSLWHªFRQODPLVPDP~VLFD\FRQORVPLVPRVYHUVRVTXHWUD
WDQLJXDOPHQWHHOVRFRUULGRWHPDGHOLQFHQGLRWUR\DQR©$UGD(OHQD\DUGD3DULVSURVLJXHHOFDXGLOOR
KHURLFR>$TXLOHV@ªHVWURID9pDVH4XHURORSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
< *HUDUGD FRQWHVWD SURSRUFLRQDQGR XQD SLVWD LPSRUWDQWH SDUD HO FRQWH[WR
PXVLFDOGHODpSRFD©(VWRFDQWDQDKRUDORVP~VLFRVGHO'XTXHGH$OEDª
$ORTXH'RURWHDUHSOLFDUiFRQRWURSDUHDGR
$UGHGPHQWLUDVDUGHG
TXH\RQRRVSXHGRYDOHU
'RURWHD KD VXVWLWXLGR HO YHUVR WUDGLFLRQDO GH XQD FDQFLyQ IDPRVD ©$UGH
FRUD]yQDUGHªSRUHVH©$UGHGPHQWLUDVDUGHGªSRUTXHVHUHÀHUHDODVFDUWDV
TXHFRQWLHQHQHVDVPHQWLUDV4XHURORIUHFHRWUDVRFXUUHQFLDVGHHVWRVYHUVRVHQ
(O'HOSKtQGH0~VLFDGH1DUYiH]HQOD6LOYDGH6LUHQDVGH9DOGHUUiEDQR\HQODV
JORVDVGH$QGUDGH&DPLQKD%HUQDUGHV/XFDV)HUQiQGH]0RQWDOEiQ\RWURV
)LQDOPHQWH ODV UHGRQGLOODV GHO SRHPD ©$O VRQ GH ORV DUUR\XHORV FDQWDQ
ODVDYHVGHÁRUHQÁRUªFRQVWLWXLUtDHOVH[WR\~OWLPRWHVWLPRQLRGH/D'RUR
WHDSDUDHOTXHFRQVHUYDPRVP~VLFDGHODpSRFD6HWUDWDGHO0V0X
GHO)LW]ZLOOLDP0XVHXPGH&DPEULGJH1RPHQFLRQD4XHUROTXH%DOKDEtD
UHDOL]DGR\DXQDWUDQVFULSFLyQGHHVWHFXULRVR©SDVDFDOOHªVREUHXQDFRSLDGHO
RULJLQDOGH-RVHS0DUtQIDFLOLWDGDSRUVXHQWRQFHVSURSLHWDULR-%7UHQG(Q
HVWHWHVWLPRQLRPXVLFDOFRQVWDVRODPHQWHODSULPHUDHVWURIDSHUR%DOFRPSOHWD
ODV UHVWDQWHV FRQ HO WH[WR GH /RSH &RPR HO DFRPSDxDPLHQWR TXH GD HQ FLIUD
HODXWRUHVGHJXLWDUUDVLVHTXLHUHDFRPSDxDUFRQLQVWUXPHQWRGHWHFODRDUSD
³VHxDOD%DOUHFRUGDQGRTXH'RURWHDGLFHTXHODWRFDDOFODYLFRUGLR³KDEUi
GHWUDQVSRUWDUVHXQDRFWDYDJUDYHODSDUWHLQVWUXPHQWDO
1XHYDPHQWH HO SRHPD YLHQH LQVHUWR GHQWUR GH XQD HVFHQD PXVLFDO HQ /D
'RURWHD,,LLLSiJV(OFRQWH[WRGHHMHFXFLyQGHHVWDFDQFLyQPHUHFH
VHUGHVWDFDGR'RURWHDVHSUHVHQWDQHUYLRVDDQWHODVPXHVWUDVGLItFLOPHQWHUH
FKD]DEOHVGHLQÀGHOLGDGGH'RQ)HUQDQGRTXHOHUHFXHUGDVXFULDGD&HOLD3DUD
GLVWUDHUVH VH SURSRQH D Vt PLVPD HO HQWUHWHQLPLHQWR GH OD FDQFLyQ 2WUD YH]
SXHVP~VLFDWHUDSpXWLFD/HDPRVODLQWURGXFFLyQ
'2527($³<DQRVHPHGDQDGDGHGRQ)HUQDQGR
&(/,$³3DUHFHVORFD
(OWUDGLFLRQDODSDUHFHSRUHMHPSORHQ/DQRFKHWROHGDQDYpDVH$OtQ\%DUULRVRSFLWQ~PV
\
/DVUHSLWH%OHFXDHQVX HGFLWSiJQ&I0DUJLW)UHQN&RUSXVGHOD$QWLJXD
/tULFD3RSXODU+LVSiQLFDVLJORV;9D;9,,0DGULG&DVWDOLDQ~P$&\$OtQ\%DUULRV
RSFLWTXHFRPSOHWDQODVLQIRUPDFLRQHVGH4XHURO0DUJLW)UHQNVHYHQtDSUHRFXSDQGRGHHVWDIDFHWD
OtULFDGH/RSHDOPHQRVGHVGHVXDUWtFXOR©/RSHSRHWDSRSXODUª$QXDULRGH/HWUDV,,,SiJV
04XHURO&0/9,Q~P
%DORSFLWSiJYpDVHWDPELpQ$OtQ\%DUULRVRSFLWQ~P
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
'2527($³$OFODYLFRUGLRPHOOHJRDGLYHUWLUPH
&(/,$³<\R>D@HVFXFKDUWH
'2527($³$OVRQGHORVDUUR\XHORV
/DFDQFLyQKDVLGRLQFOXLGDSDUDKDFHUPiVSDWHQWHXQHVWDGRPHODQFyOLFR
SRU SDUWH GH 'RURWHD UHVXHOWR FRPR LUD GHVGHxRVD R IXULD HQDMHQDGD 5HFRU
GHPRV©<DQRVHPHGDQDGDGHGRQ)HUQDQGRª<&HOLD©3DUHFHVORFDª/D
P~VLFDGH-RVHS0DUtQDXQTXHSRVWHULRUDODREUDDOWHQHUULWPRGHSDVDFDOOH
LQFLGLUtD WDO YH] HQ HO WRQR GHO GLYHUWLPHQWR ©PH DOOHJR D GLYHUWLUPHª 6LQ
HPEDUJR LQWHUUXPSLUi HO FDQWR OD OOHJDGD GH OD FHOHVWLQD *HUDUGD TXH SRUWD
HOSULPHUUHJDORGH'RQ%HODXQE~FDURFRQXQ&XSLGRHVFXOSLGR<FXDQGR
HVWDDSDUHFH'RURWHDQRWLHQHUHSDURHQFRQIHVDUOH©*HUDUGDPtDHVWR\PX\
WULVWHª (VWDGR DQtPLFR TXH OD YLHMD YD D DOLYLDU FRQ VX LQHVSHUDGR UHJDOR 6X
WRQRFRQHOUHJLVWURGHGLPLQXWLYRV\DIHFWLYRVHVHOGHUHSULPHQGDDXQDQLxD
PLPRVD©&DOODERELOODGHVFRQÀDGLOOD>@¢4XpSLHQVDVTXHWHWUDLJR"0LUD
PLUD£TXpE~FDURWDQOLQGR$TXtHVWi&XSLGLOORDTXHOGHWXHGDGDTXHOGXOFH
PDWDGRUFLOOR7RPDD]yWDOHSRUHOPDOTXHWHKDKHFKRELHQORPHUHFHªSiJ
0HODQFROtD IXULD GHELOLGDG VRQ ODV PLVPDV IDVHV SRU ODV TXH SDVDED
XQD0HOLEHDPRVWUDQGRXQDVÁDTXH]DVDQWHODKRQHVWLGDGGHODVTXHVHLEDD
DSURYHFKDU&HOHVWLQDDQWHVTXH*HUDUGD
$ 02'2 '( &21&/86,Ð1
/D 'RURWHD WLHQH FRPR /D &HOHVWLQD FRPR HO 4XLMRWH HVD FDSDFLGDG GH
DGDSWDELOLGDGFRQODTXHVHVXHOHGHFLUHUUyQHDPHQWHTXHVyORFXHQWDODQRYHOD
PRGHUQD(VDGHPiVHQWUHWLPLHQWR\FRQVWDQWHHVSHFWiFXORWHDWURHQHOTXH
ORVSHUVRQDMHVVRQDFWRUHV\DFWULFHVELHQGRWDGRV6REUHWRGRVHOORV'RURWHD
6HUHFRUGDUiHOFRPHQWDULRGH/XLV9LYHVVREUHODVGRQFHOODVDÀFLRQDGDVDORV
OLEURVGHFDEDOOHUtDV©(VWDVWDOHVQRVHUtDELHQTXHQXQFDKXELHUDQDSUHQGLGROHWUDV
SHURIXHUDPHMRUTXHKXELHUDQSHUGLGRORVRMRVSDUDQROHHU\ORVRtGRVSDUDQR
RtUª/DPX\OHtGD'RURWHDHUDSHUVRQD\SHUVRQDMHSHOLJURVR&DXWLYDGRUWHPLEOH\
DPELJXRFRPRODVPXMHUHVPiVLQWHOLJHQWHV7HQtDEHOOtVLPRVRMRVVHQVLEOHVRtGRV
\DGHPiVEXHQDYR]\KiELOHVPDQRVSDUDWRFDUDUSDFODYLFRUGLR\YLKXHOD
&XDQGRHO3DGUH3HGURGH*X]PiQKDEODGHODVDFWULFHVGHVXpSRFDHQVXV
%LHQHVGHOKRQHVWRWUDEDMR\GDxRVGHODRFLRVLGDGHQRFKRGLVFXUVRVSXEOLFDGR
HQSDUHFHTXHHVWpUHWUDWDQGRHQPXFKRVVHQWLGRVD'RURWHD
<HOPD\RUGDxRTXHHQHVWDPDWHULDKD\HVVDOLUDUHSUHVHQWDU\
DWDxHU\DFDQWDU\EDLODUXQDPXJHUFRPSXHVWDDIHLWDGD\DIHFWDGD
Anterior
/D'RURWHDVHHVFULEHDQWHVGH\HVWHP~VLFRQDFHHQ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
ODVFLYD\GHVHQYXHOWD\GHEXHQDJUDFLD\EXHQSDUHFHU\TXHFRPR
WLHQH\DFRUURPSLGDODYHUJHQ]DTXHVXHOHVHUWDQQDWXUDOHQODVPX
JHUHVKDEODHQS~EOLFRVLQHOODFDQWDEDLOD\UHSUHVHQWD\DXQDUHLQD
\DXQDUDPHUD\DHQHOHQWUHPpV\DHQODFRPHGLD\DFRPSXHVWD\D
GHVFRPSXHVWDSHURVLHPSUHOLEUH\SRFDVYHFHVKRQHVWD\DVHPXHVWUD
HVTXLYD\DDIDEOH\D]DKDUHxD\DEODQGD\VXDYHWRGRFRQHOÀQGH
DJUDGDU\SDUHFHUELHQ
©6LHPSUHOLEUH\SRFDVYHFHVKRQHVWDª1RVyORHODVSHFWR\DWXHQGRVLQR
OD YR] ³VRQ YHUGDGHUDV VLUHQDV³ HV YHFWRU REVHVLYR GHO YHUHGLFWR PRUDO GH
REVHUYDGRUHVFRPR)UD\-RVpGH-HV~V0DUtDHQVX3ULPHUDSDUWHGHODVH[FH
OHQFLDVGHODYLUWXGGHODFDVWLGDGSXEOLFDGRHQ
(OFDQWRGHODVUDPHUDVOHYDQWDOXHJRODOODPDGHODWRUSH]DSDUD
DEUDVDUDORVTXHOHR\HQ<FRPRVLQREDVWDVHSDUDLQÁDPDUORFRQ
FXSLVFLEOH OD YLVWD \ HO URVWUR GH ODV PXJHUHV DxDGHQ OD SHVWLOHQFLD
GHVXVYRFHV\QRVyORODYR]\HOURVWURPDVWDPELpQODVJDODVTXH
VRQFHERPD\RUGHODFRQFXSLVFHQFLD (OFDQWRGH'RURWHDHVHOFDQWRGHODVVLUHQDVGHOWHDWURSHURWDPELpQHOGH
ODFRUWHHOGHODFLXGDGHOGHODVPXMHUHVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVTXH/RSHFRQRFLy\
DPy0LFDHODGH/XMiQ-HUyQLPDGH%XUJRVHOGHRWUDVDFWULFHVGHUHQRPEUH
OD5LTXHOPHOD%DOWDVDUDOD&DOGHURQD
/RVSHUVRQDMHVGH/D'RURWHDFRPSHQGLDQH[SHULHQFLDVYLWDOHV\OLWHUDULDV
GHVXDXWRUGHXQDPDQHUDTXHVHQRVDQWRMDDYHFHVLQXVLWDGDLQFOXVRFRQR
FLHQGRRWUDVRSFLRQHVDUULHVJDGtVLPDVGH/RSH3HURHQWHQGHPRVTXHHOSDSHO
GHODP~VLFDQRVHOLPLWDDHQULTXHFHUORVDWULEXWRVGHORVSHUVRQDMHVHQODREUD
6DEHPRVTXHHOWHDWURGHO6LJORGH2URHVSRUGHÀQLFLyQHVSHFWiFXORGHVGHHO
FXHUSR H[SUHVLYR GHO DFWRU KDVWD HO HVFHQDULR SDUWLFLSDWLYR 3HVH D WHQHU XQD
FDWDORJDFLyQSULPHUDGHQRYHODRÀFFLyQQDUUDWLYDFRPR/D&HOHVWLQDOD©DF
FLyQHQSURVDªGH/D'RURWHDQRVHHQWLHQGHSOHQDPHQWHVLQRHVHQKLSyWHVLV
GHHVSHFWiFXOR(VWiFRQFHELGDSDUDVHUOHtGDFRPRGUDPDSHURWDPELpQSDUD
VHUYLVWD\RtGDHQSUiFWLFDHVFpQLFD\PXVLFDO5HERVDFRPRHOHVSHFWiFXOR
6RQFLWDVDPEDVGHOD%LEOLRJUDItDGH(PLOLR&RWDUHOR\0RULSiJV\TXHPHSHU
PLWRWRPDUGH(YDQJHOLQD5RGUtJXH]&XDGURV/DWpFQLFDGHODFWRUHVSDxROHQHO%DUURFR+LSyWHVLV\
GRFXPHQWRV0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJ
&RPRODSXGLPRVYHU\RtUHQODPLVPD&XHQFDTXHDFRJtDHO6HPLQDULR\HVDPLVPDVHPD
QDSXHVWDHQHVFHQDSRU$WU\O3URGXFFLRQHVHQXQDORJUDGtVLPDYHUVLyQGH/XLV*DUFtD0RQWHURFRQ
ODJUDQDFWUL]1DWL0LVWUDOHQ HOSDSHOGH *HUDUGD0DU %RUGDOORHQ HOGH 'RURWHD0DQXHO*DOODUGR
VRVWHQLHQGRXQPDJQtÀFR'RQ%HOD$OLFLD$JXW7HRGRUD$OEHUWR$ORQVR-XOLR-DLPH/LQDUHV'
)HUQDQGR&DUPHQ6HUUDQR&HOLDFULDGD0&DUPHQ)UDLOH)HOLSD0-HV~V+R\RV0DUÀVD0
GHO0DU5RGUtJXH]&ODUDFULDGD-RVp0%DUEHUR/DXUHQFLRFULDGR\-DLPH7LMHUDV/XGRYLFR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
GH OD FRPHGLD GH DFFLyQ PRYLPLHQWR JHVWXDOLGDG GLVIUD]$O LJXDO TXH ORV
WH[WRVGHVWLQDGRVDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQVHKDOODUHSOHWDGHVXJHUHQFLDVSDUDYRFHV
TXH FRQ GLVFLSOLQD WpFQLFD \ SODVWLFLGDG KDEUiQ GH PXVLWDU UHFLWDU SUHGLFDU
SUDFWLFDURUDWRULDRFDQWDUFRQRVLQDFRPSDxDPLHQWR(VDSROLIRQtDVLQJXODUGH
YRFHVGHLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHVHWHPSODQ\SXQWHDQGHSLH]DVTXHVHHQWRQDQRVH
HYRFDQLUUXPSLHQGRFRQWRWDOIDPLOLDULGDGHQHOFDPSRDERQDGRGHODSDODEUD
OtULFDWUDQVIRUPDQHOWH[WRHQXQLQDEDUFDEOHSUDGRÁRULGRGHFHJDGRUDVOXFHV
\H[XOWDQWHVFRORUHVPXVLFDOHVTXHWDSL]DQHOH[XEHUDQWHGLVHxREDUURFRGHHVWD
JUDQSLH]DOLWHUDULD
$3e1',&(
7(;72,
0$'5(81262-8(/269,
/D'RURWHD,,Y
©0DGUHXQRVRMXHORVYL
YHUGHVDOHJUHV\EHOORV
£$\TXHPHPXHURSRUHOORV
\HOORVVHEXUODQGHPtª
/DVGRVQLxDVGHVXVFLHORV
KDQKHFKRWDQWDPXGDQ]D
TXHODFRORUGHHVSHUDQ]D
VHPHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQFHORV
\RSLHQVRPDGUHTXHYL
PLYLGD\PLPXHUWHHQHOORV
£$\TXH
¢4XLpQSHQVDUDTXHHOFRORU
GHWDOVXHUWHPHHQJDxDUD"
3HUR¢TXLpQQRORSHQVDUD
FRPRQRWXYLHUDDPRU"
0DGUHHQHOORVPHSHUGt
\HVIXHU]DEXVFDUPHHQHOORV
£$\TXH>PHPXHURSRUHOORV
\HOORVVHEXUODQGHPt@
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
7(;72,,
*,*$17(&5,67$/,12
/D'RURWHD,,,YLL
>@ *LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR
DOFLHORVHRSRQtD
HOPDUFRQEODQFDVWRUUHV
GHHVSXPDIXJLWLYDV
>@ FXDQGRGHXQWURQFRLQ~WLO
FX\DVUDPDVVROtDQ
KDFHUGRVHODXQSUDGR
TXHIXHGHXQUD\RHQYLGLD
>@ WHQtD)DELRDWDGD
VXPtVHUDEDUTXLOOD
ORVUHPRVHQODDUHQD
ODUHGDOVROWHQGLGD
>@ <DQRUHSDUDHQQDGD
TXHTXLHQGHVtVHROYLGD
JUDQGHVPHPRULDVWLHQH
TXHDWDQWRPDOOHREOLJDQ
>@ %DMDIRUWXQDFRUUH
SRFRODYLGDHVWLPD
TXLHQWRGRORGHVSUHFLD
\DWRGRVHUHWLUD
>@ 4XHGHVSUHFLDUORWRGR
HVKXPLOGDGDOWLYD
DFFLyQGHVHVSHUDGD
TXHQRÀORVRItD
>@ 0DVWDQWRSXHGHQWULVWH]DV
GHSDVDGDVDOHJUtDV
TXHREOLJDQVLSRUItDQ
DQRHVWLPDUODPXHUWHQLODYLGD
>@ /DVDWUHYLGDVRQGDV
TXHDFRQTXLVWDUVXEtDQ
SRUHVFDODVGHYLGUR
ODVDOPHQDVGLYLQDV
>@ DEULHURQXQDQDYH
GHVGHHOWRSHDODTXLOOD
VHPEUDQGRSRUODDJXDV
YHODVMDUFLDV\YLGDV
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW>Qž@
7RQRV+XPDQRV
>0~VLFD0DQXHO&RUUHD@
>@ *LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR
TXHDOFLHORVHRSRQtD
HOPDUFRQEODQFDVWRUUHV
GHHVSXPDIXJLWLYDV
>@ 4XDQGRGHXQWURQFRLQ~WLO
FX\DVUDPDVVXEtDQ
>DK@DVHUGRVHODXQSUDGR
TXHIXHGHXQUD\RLPELGLD
>@ 7HQtD)DELRDWDGD
VXPtVHUDEDUTXLOOD
ORVUHPRVHQODDUHQD
ODUHGDOVROWHQGLGD
>@
%D[DIRUWXQDFRUUH
SRFRODYLGDHVWLPD
TXLHQWRGRORGHVSUHFLD
\DWRGRVHUHWLUD
&I(VWULELOORLQIUD
-LJDQWHFKULVWDOLQR7RQRV+XPDQRV
©RPLWHHVHTXHSRUTXHUHDOPHQWHVREUDª4XHURO
>D@KDFHU7RQRV+XPDQRVFRUULJ4XHURO
UD\RLQELGLD7RQRV+XPDQRV&OLPHQWWUDQVFULEHPD\RHQYLGLDTXHHYLGHQWHPHQWHHVPHMRU
OHFFLyQSHURQRVHOHHHQHOPDQXVFULWRGHO©&DQFLRQHURª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
>@<GLMR©6LHVWXYLHUDV
DWDGDDODVRULOODV
FRPRPLEDUFDSREUH
YLYLHUDVODUJRVGtDV
>@ £'LFKRVR\RTXHSXHGR
JR]DUSREUH]DULFD
VLQTXHGHOSXHUWRDPDGR
PHDSDUWHODFRGLFLD
>@/DVROHGDGPHPDWD
GHXQELHQTXH\RWHQtD
QRORVSDODFLRVDOWRV
QLHORURGHODV,QGLDV
>@&XDQGRDQHJDUVHYHR
ODVQDYHV\ODVGLFKDV
FRQVXHORHQODVDMHQDV
ODSHQDGHODVPtDV
0DVWDQWRSXHGHQHWF
>@0HPRULDVVRODPHQWH
PLPXHUWHVROLFLWDQ
TXHODVPHPRULDVKDFHQ
PD\RUHVODVGHVGLFKDV
>@3DUDUHJDORWX\R
$PDULOLVGLYLQD
FXDQGRODDXURUDUD\RV
UHGHVDOPDUWHQGtD
>@VDFDED\RFRUDOHV
TXHFRPRVHFRUUtDQ
GHYHUVHFRQWXVODELRV
PiVÀQRVSDUHFtDQ
>@$WXVKHUPRVDVPDQRV
OOHYDUWDPELpQVROtD
ORVSHFHV\ODVSHUODV
HQXQDFRQFKDPLVPD
>@'HPLFDEDxDKXPLOGH
ODVSDUHGHVVXVSLUDQ
DGRQGH\RJR]DED
WXGXOFHFRPSDxtD
>@<HQWDQWRVGHVFRQVXHORV
TXLHUHHODPRUTXHVLUYDQ
HQHVSHUDQ]DVPXHUWDV
HVWDVPHPRULDVYLYDV
0DVWDQWRHWF
Anterior
Siguiente
>@
4XDQGRDQHJDUVHYHR
ODVQDYHV\ODVGLFKDV
FRQVXHORHQODVDJHQDV
ODSHQDGHODVPtDV
>@ 0HPRULDVVRODPHQWH
PLPXHUWHVROLFLWDQ
TXHODVPHPRULDVKDFHQ
PD\RUHVODVGHVGLFKDV
>@ 6DFDYD\RFRUDOHV
\FRPRVHFRUUtDQ
GHYHUVHFRQWXVODELRV
PiVÀQRVSDUHotDQ
Buscar
>@
<HQWDQWRVGHVFRQVXHORV
TXLHUHHODPRUTXHVLUYDQ
HQHVSHUDQ]DVPXHUWDV
HVWDVPHPRULDVYLYDV
(VWULELOOR
0DVWDQWRSXHGHQGHVGLFKDV
TXHREOLJDQVLSRUItDQ
DQRHVWLPDUODPXHUWHQLODYLGD
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
7(;72,,,
6,789,(5$6$/'($1$
/D'RURWHD,9LLL
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW>Qž@
>0~VLFD$QyQLPR@
>@ 6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQD
ODFRQGLFLyQFRPRHOWDOOH
IXHUDVUHLQDGHWXDOGHD
WXYLHUDVYDVDOORVJUDQGHV
>@ 2SXHVWDDOVROGHWXVRMRV
ODOXQDGHWXGRQDLUH
ODWLHUUDGHVXDVSHUH]D
IRUPDHFOLSVHVVRPEUDVKD]H
>@ ¢(UHVW~ODELHQSUHQGLGD
DXQTXHHVPHMRUTXHWHOODPHQ
ODTXHFXDQWRPLUDSUHQGH
\WLHQHVoHORVGHOD\UH"
>@ 6LQRSXHGHWXEHOOH]D
GHWLPLVPDDVHJXUDUWH
¢TXpKDUiPLDPRU$PDULOLV
TXHSDUDWXVFHORVEDVWH"
>@ (OGtDDOGHDQDEHOOD
TXHEDMDVGHOPRQWHDOYDOOH
¢TXpHQYLGLDVQRWHDVHJXUDQ
WXKHUPRVXUD\PLVYHUGDGHV"
>@ /DV]DJDODVTXHWHPLUDQ
DSHQDVGL]HQTXHVDEHQ
DGRQGHSRQHVORVSLHV
WDQEUHYHVHVWDPSDVKD]HQ
>@ 7RGDVHQYLGLDQWXEUtR
\HQWXVJDODVVLHPSUHLJXDOHV
DSUHQGHQFX\GDGRVWRGDV
GHORVGHVFXLGRVTXHWUDHV
>@ 3DUHFHVODSULPDYHUD
TXHODVÁRUHV\ODVDYHV
WRGDVGHVSLHUWDQDYHUWH
\DOVROGHWXVRMRVVDOHQ
>@ 0DOKD\DQORVDUUR\XHORV
VLFXDQGRSRUHOORVSDVHV
QRPXUPXUDUHQDOHJUHV
TXHWHQJDVFHORVGHQDGLH
>@6LHQGRDQVt¢SRUTXpWHRIHQGHV
HQSUHVXPLUTXHPHDJUDGH
TXLHQWLHQHHQYLGLDGHWL
\VHSUHFLDGHLPLWDUWH"
>@ 1RJDVWHVPDOWDQWDVSHUODV
>@6LWXYLHUDVDOGHDQD
ODFRQGLFLyQFRPRHOWDOOH
IXHUDVUHLQDGHWXDOGHD
IXHUDVFLHORIXHUDViQJHO
>@2SXHVWDDOVROGHWXVRMRV
ODOXQDGHWXGRQD\UH
ODWLHUUDGHVXDVSHUHVD
IRUPDHFOLSVHVVRPEUDVKD]H
>@ (UHVW~ODELHQSUHQGLGD
DXQTXHHVPHMRUTXHWHOODPHQ
ODTXHTXDQWRPLUDSUHQGH
\WLHQHoHORVGHOD\UH
>@6LQRSXHGHWXEHOOH]D
GHWLPLVPDDVHJXUDUWH
¢TXpDUiPLDPRU$PDULOLV
TXHSDUDWXVoHORVEDVWH"
>@(OGtDDOGHDQDEHOOD
TXHED[DVGHOPRQWHDOYDOOH
¢TXpLPELGLDVQRWHDVHJXUDQ
WXKHUPRVXUD\PLVYHUGDGHV"
>@ /DV]DJDODVTXHWHPLUDQ
DSHQDVGL]HQTXHVDEHQ
DGRQGHSRQHVORVSLHV
WDQEUHYHVHVWDPSDVKD]HQ
>@7RGDVLPELGLDQWXEUtR
\HQWXVJDODVVLHPSUHLJXDOHV
DSUHQGHQFXLGDGRVWRGDV
GHORVGHVFX\GRVTXHWUDHV
>@3DUHoHVODSULPDYHUD
TXHODVÁRUHV\ODVDYHV
WRGDVGHVSLHUWDQDYHUWH
\DOVROGHWXVRMRVVDOHQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
>@1RJDVWHVPDOWDQWDVSHUODV
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
QROORUHVPiVQRPHPDWHV
TXHSLHQVRTXHWXVHVWUHOODV
VHHVWiQGLYLGLHQGRHQSDUWHV
>@%DVWHHOHQRMR$PDULOLV
VDOSRUWXYLGDDHVFXFKDUPH
TXHDODVQLxDVGHWXVRMRV
TXLHURFDQWDUSRUTXHFDOOHQ
1ROORUpLVRMXHORV
SRUTXHQRHVUD]yQ
TXHOORUHGHFHORV
TXLHQPDWDGHDPRU
QROORUHVPiVQRPHPDWHV
TXHSLHQVRTXHWXVHVWUHOODV
VHHVWiQGLYLGLHQGRHQSDUWHV
>@%DVWHHOHQRMR$PDULOLV
VDOSRUWXYLGDDHVFXFKDUPH
TXHDODVQLxDVGHWXVRMRV
TXLHURFDQWDUSRUTXHFDOOHQ
(VWULELOOR
1ROORUpLVRMXHORV
SRUTXHQRHVUD]yQ
TXHOORUHGHoHORV
TXLHQPDWDGHDPRU
4XLHQSXHGHPDWDU
QRLQWHQWHPRULU
VLKDFHFRQUHtU
PiVTXHFRQOORUDU
6LTXHUpLVYHQJDU
ORVTXHPXHUWRKDEpLV
¢SRUTXpQRWHQpLV
GHPtFRPSDVLyQ"
1ROORUpLVHWF
7(;72,9
*8$5'$&25'(526=$*$/$
*RQJRUD5RPDQFHVQž
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW>Qž@
>0~VLFD&RUUHD@
>@ *XDUGDFRUGHURV]DJDOD
]DJDODQRJXDUGHVIH
TXHTXLHQWHKL]RSDVWRUD
QRWHH[FXVyGHPXMHU
>@ ODSXUH]DGHODUPLxR
TXHWDQFHOHEUDGDHV
YtVWHODFRQHOSHOOLFR
\GHVQ~GDODFRQpO
>@ GHMDDODVSLHGUDVORÀUPH
DGYLUWLHQGRTXHWDOYH]
DSHVDUGHVXÀUPH]D
REHGHFHQDOVLQFHO
>@ 5HVLVWH
>@ DTXHOOD
>@ WRUWROLOODJHPLGRUD
>@
*XDUGDFRUGHURV]DJDOD
]DJDODQRJXDUGHVIH
SRUTXHTXLHQWHKL]RSDVWRUD
QRWHH[FXVyGHPXMHU
>@/DSXUH]DGHODUPLxR
TXHWDQFHOHEUDGDHV
YtVWHODFRQHOSHOOLFR
\GHVQ~GDODFRQpO
>@'HMDDODVSLHGUDVORÀUPH
DGYLUWLHQGRTXHWDOYH]
DSHVDUGHVXSXUH]D
REHGHFHQDOSLQFHO
>@7RUWROLOOD>JH@PLGRUD
Anterior
VLPLGRUDHQHOPVVLPLGRUD"WUDQVFULEH&OLPHQW
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
GHSXHVWRHOFDVWRGHVGpQ
WiODPRKL]RVHJXQGR
ODVUDPDVGHDTXHOFLSUpV
>@ QRSDUDXQDDEHMDVROD
VXVKRMDVJXDUGDHOFODYHO
EHEHQRWUDVHODOMyIDU
TXHERUGDVXURVLFOHU
>@ HOFULVWDO
>@ ODLQFRQVWDQFLD
>@QRSXHV
>@ VDFXGH
>@0DOKD\DVW~
>@PDOKD\DVW~VLLPLWDUHV
HQODVFLYDFDQGLGH]
ODVDYHVGHODGHLGDG
TXHSULPHURHVSXPDIXH
>@6ROLFLWDQGR
>@VLTXLHUHV
GLVSXHVWDDOFDVWRGHVGpQ
KL]RWiODPRVLJXLHQGR
ODVUDPDVGHDTXHOODXUHO
>@1RSDUDVRODXQDDEHMD
VXVRMRVJXDUGDHOFODYHO
EHEHQRWUDVHODOMyIDU
TXHERUGDQHOURVLFOHU
>@
0DOKD\DW~VLLPLWDUHV
HQODVFLYDFDQGLGH]
DODDYHGHODGHLGDG
TXHSULPHURHVSXPDIXH
7(;729
'(/$608'$1=$6'(*,/$
&DOGHUyQ(OHQFDQWRVLQHQFDQWR,
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDO
GH2QWLQ\HQW>Qž@
>0~VLFD&RUUHD@
>@ 'HORVGHVGHQHVGH*LOD
£RKTXpHQIHUPRDQGD3DVFXDO
¢&yPRKDGHVDQDUVLHVHOOD
ODFXUD\ODHQIHUPHGDG"
>@ 2SLODGRGHGHVGHQHV
OHPDQGDHOGRFWRUWRPDU
DFHURVGHGHVHQJDxRV
TXHREUDQELHQ\VDEHQPDO
>@ (OODHVVXPXHUWH\VXYLGD
\D~QQRVHODTXLHUHQGDU
£GHVGLFKDGRGHOTXHYLYH
'HODVPXGDQ]DVGH*LOD
TXpHQIHUPRTXHDQGD3DVFXDO
¢FyPRKDGHVDQDUVLHVHOOD
ODFXUD\ODHPIHUPHGDG"
>@2SLODGRGHGHVGHQHV
OHPDQGDHOGRFWRUWRPDU
DFHURGHGHVHQJDxRV
TXHREUDQELHQ\VDEHQPDO
>@<RVpTXHOHUHFHWDUD
XQDODUJDDXVHQFLDD%UDV
VLDODFDEDxDQRYLQLHUD
YXHOWRDVXIULU\DGRUDU
>@1DGLHVHÀHGHVt
FXDQGRWDQUHQGLGRHVWi
TXHHQORVDFKDTXHVGHDPRU
HOUHPHGLRHQIHUPDPiV
>@ *LODHVVXPXHUWH\VXYLGD
\QRVHODTXLHUHGDU
GHVGLFKDGRGHOTXHYLYH
Anterior
&OLPHQWWUDQVFULEHVyORSHURHOPVDOJRFRQIXVRSDUHFHGDUVROD
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$<32(6Ì$(1/$'2527($'(/23('(9(*$/$69(56,21(6'(/«
SRUDMHQDYROXQWDG
SRUDMHQDYROXQWDG
>@3XHVQRVHVXSRGHOULHVJR
GHVXVRMXHORVJXDUGDU
TXLHQKDFHTXHWDOSDJXH
PXHUDSRUHOORV3DVFXDO
>@*XDUGDRVGH*LODSDVWRUHV
TXHHVYHQHQRGHOOXJDU
\HVFRQGRViVSLGHVQHJURV
EDVLOLVFRVGHFULVWDO
7(;729,
$/$0$*(67$''(810217(
3ULPDYHUD\ÁRU
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2QWLQ\HQW>Qž@
>@ $ODPDJHVWDGGHYQPRQWH
EHVDORVSLHVYQDIXHQWH
TXHGHFULVWDOVHORVFDOoD
DJUDGHFLGDDVXVQLHXHV
>@ &RUULGDVHVWiQODVDJXDV
GHYHUTXHODV\HUXDVYHUGHV
HQORTXHVDOSLFDHOPDUJHQ
KLORVGHSHUODVSDUHFHQ
>@ /RVSi[DURVHQVXRULOOD
KD]HQFRURVGLIHUHQWHV
\FRQVXVKDUSDGDVOHQJXDV
FDQWDXDQGXOFHVPRWHWHV
>@ /RViUEROHVPiVFRSDGRV
HOPDQVRYLHQWRGHWLHQHQ
QRRVDQGRLQTXLHWDUVXFDQWR
TXHDWRGRHOPRQWHVXVSHQGH
>@ /RVVLOXHVWUHVDQLPDOHV
KXHOODQFRQSDVVRVPiVOHXHV
\HOVROVHPXHVWUDDSD]LEOH
HQDTXHVWHVLWLRDOHJUH
>@ $TXt/DXUDDFUHFHQWDQGR
SHUODVDSHUODVSURPHWH
VDUWDVTXHDOFULVWDO\DODOXD
ULFDVJDODVDFUHFLHQWHQ
>@ &DXVDTXHWDQWDWULVWH]D
SXHVWDHQVXVRMRVSDUHFH
VXUHV\SULPHURVVROHV
TXHOORUDQ\UHVSODQGHFHQ
>@ IXHDXVHQWDUVHGHVXVEUDoRV
YQVRORGXHxRTXHWLHQH
GHOKXPLOGH0DQoDQDUHV
DODULEHUDGHO%HWLV
>@$ODPDJHVWDGGHYQPRQWH
EHVDORVSLHVYQDIXHQWH
TXHGHFULVWDOFHORVFDOVD
DJUDGHVLGDDVXVQLHYHV
>@&RUULGDVHVWiQODVDJXDV
GHYHUTXHODV\HUXDVYHUGHV
HQORTXHVDOSLFDHOPDUJHQ
KLORVGHSODWDSDUHoHQ
>@/RVSi[DURVHQVXRULOOD
KD]HQFRURVGLIHUHQWHV
\FRQVXVDUSDGDVOHQJXDV
FDQWDXDQGXOoHVPRWHWHV
Anterior
Siguiente
>@$TXt$QDUGDDFUHVHQWDQGR
SHUODVDSHUODVSURPHWH
VDUWDVTXH¶OFULVWDO\HODOXD
ULFDVJDODVDFUHVLHQWHQ
Buscar
>@)XHDDXVHQWDUVHGHVXVEUDVRV
YQVRORGXHxRTXHWLHQH
GHOKXPLOGH0DQoDQDUHV
DODVULEHUDVGHO%HWLV
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5$)$(/%(/75É1
7(;729,,
5203$(/6,/(1&,2/$92=
%RFiQJHO/DOLUDGHODVPXVDV
Qž
&DQFLRQHURPXVLFDO
GH2QWLQ\HQW>Qž@
>0~VLFD$QyQLPR@
>@ 5RPSHHOVLOHQFLRODYR]
GHXQDPRUWRGRUHVSHWR
TXHVLHOKDEODUREHGHFH
GHOLWRVHUiHOVLOHQFLR
>@ (OYLHQWR
>@ 6HQWLUFDOODQGR
>@ 1RHVFXOSD
>@ <DPHYLR
>@ 0DVGHVGHTXHYL
>@ +HULGDODÀHUD
>@ (VWHKXPLOGHVDFULÀFLR
DUGD)LOLVHQWXWHPSOR
PHQRVPtRSRUODOODPD
TXHWX\RSRUHOSUHFHSWR
>@ 5RPSDHOVLOHQFLRODYR]
GHXQDPRUWRGRUHVSHWR
TXHVLHOKDEODUREHGHFH
GHOLWRIXHUDHOVLOHQFLR
>@ 7XEHOGDG)LOLV
>@$GPLWH)LOLV
>@ *ORULRVDPHQWH
>@ 6LQRODIH
>@ 'HODOPDODPHMRUSDUWH
VDFULÀFLRGHWXWHPSOR
HQFX\DVDUUDVGLYLQDV
PLIHYLYHFRQWUDHOWLHPSR
5$)$(/%(/75É1
8QLYHUVLWDWGH9DOqQFLD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$
(/(63(-2%$552&2
/$ &203$5$&,Ð1 (175( /$6 $57(6
/RVGLVWLQWRVIHQyPHQRVDUWtVWLFRVWRPDGRVFRPRFXHUSRVPDWHULDOHV\WHU
PLQDOHV XQ FXDGUR XQ PDGULJDO XQ SRHPD PDQLÀHVWDQ DSDUHQWHPHQWH XQD
GLYHUVLGDGLUUHFRQFLOLDEOHHQWUHVt(QXQHVIXHU]RGHVtQWHVLVPXFKRVWUDEDMRV
WHyULFRVKDQDFHSWDGRFRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDODGLVWLQFLyQTXHKLFLHUD/HVVLQJ
HQ VX /DRFRRQWH HQWUH ODV DUWHV SOiVWLFDV LQVWDQWiQHDV R HVSDFLDOHV \ ODV DUWHV
VHFXHQFLDOHV R GHO WLHPSR +D\ TXH GHFLU QR REVWDQWH TXH \D HQ$ULVWyWHOHV
VH DVLHQWDQ ODV EDVHV VREUH ORV XQLYHUVDOHV DUWtVWLFRV DO VHU ODV GLVWLQWDV DUWHV
FRQVLGHUDGDVHVHQFLDOPHQWHFRPRSURFHVRVH[SUHVLYRV\FRPXQLFDWLYRV
5HFXpUGHVHTXHODVPiVWUDVFHQGHQWDOHVREVHUYDFLRQHVHQOD3Rp
WLFD GH$ULVWyWHOHV VREUH OD PtPHVLV R VREUH OD FRQGLFLyQ QDWXUDO \
SODFHQWHUDSDUDHOKHFKRGHODLPLWDFLyQ\GHORVULWPRVVHDERUGDQ
GHPDQHUDXQLWDULDQRVyORHQUHODFLyQDOLWHUDWXUD\ODSLQWXUDVLQR
9LG/HVVLQJ*(/DRFRRQWH0DGULG(GLWRUD1DFLRQDOSiJV&RQV~OWHQVH
LJXDOPHQWHORVWUDEDMRVGH0HUULPDQ-'©7KH3DUDOOHORIWKH$UWV6RPH0LVJLYLQJVDQG)DLQW$IÀUPD
WLRQ,ª-RXUQDORI$HVWKHWLFVDQG$UW&ULWLFLVPQžSiJV\0HUULPDQ-'©7KH
3DUDOOHORIWKH$UWV6RPH0LVJLYLQJVDQG)DLQW$IÀUPDWLRQ,ª-RXUQDORI$HVWKHWLFVDQG$UW&ULWLFLVP
QžSiJV$PERVWUDEDMRVSRVHHQODYLUWXGGHSUHVHQWDU\HYDOXDUGHPRGRFODUR\FRQFLVR
ODHYROXFLyQGHORVHVWXGLRVFRPSDUDWLYRVTXHSDUWLHURQGHORVSUHVXSXHVWRVGDGRVSRU/HVVLQJ
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
WDPELpQSDUDODP~VLFDHLQFOXVRSDUDODVLPLWDFLRQHVFRUSRUDOHVUHD
OL]DGDVPHGLDQWHHODUWHGHPLPRVGDQ]DQWHV\EDLODULQHV
+RUDFLRDFXxyHQOD(SLVWRODDG3LVRQHVODIyUPXODDUTXHWtSLFDGHOVtPLOXW
SLFWXUD SRHVLV D[LRPD TXH KD VLGR PDO HQWHQGLGR SXHV GHELGDPHQWH FRQWH[
WXDOL]DGR VH UHÀHUH VyOR D OD FRQYHQLHQFLD GH REVHUYDU \ GHVFULELU ORV REMHWRV
DUWtVWLFRV HQ XQRV FDVRV PiV SRUPHQRUL]DGDPHQWH \ HQ RWURV GH PDQHUD PiV
GLVWDQFLDGD\VXFLQWD/DpSRFDGHPD\RUDXJHGHODDQDORJtDHQWUHODVDUWHV
VREUH WRGR HQWUH OD SRHVtD \ OD SLQWXUD IXH FRPR VH VDEH OD GHO +XPDQLVPR
WDUGtR \ OD GHO %DUURFR VL ELHQ PXFKRV GH ORV SODQWHDPLHQWRV WHyULFRV GH OD
pSRFD QR SURIXQGL]DURQ HQ OD HQWLGDG HVWpWLFD GHO SUREOHPD 1R REVWDQWH ODV
IRUPDVPiVWySLFDVHQLQÀQLGDGGHDXWRUHVFRPR/RSHGH9HJDKDEODQGRGHO
DUWHGHODSLQWXUDFRPR©SRHVtDPXGDª\GHODSRHVtDFRPR©SLQWXUDGHORtGRª
UR]DEDQHOIRQGRWUDVFHQGHQWDOGHODFXHVWLyQDXQTXHHVWHWLSRGHDÀUPDFLRQHV
QROOHJDUDQDWUDGXFLUODVHULHGDGGHOSUREOHPD(OSULQFLSLREDUURFRGHODVLQHV
9LG*DUFtD%HUULR$7HRUtDGHOD/LWHUDWXUD0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJ(OSHQVDPLHQWR
GH$ULVWyWHOHVVREUHODP~VLFDSXHGHHQFRQWUDUVHWDQWRHQ©/DHGXFDFLyQGHORVMyYHQHVª³GHQWURGHVX
3ROtWLFD/LEUR9,,,WUDGGH*DUFtD9DOGpV00DGULG*UHGRVSiJV³FRPRHQVXV3UREOHPDV
³YLG©3UREOHPV&RQQHFWHGZLWK/LWHUDU\6WXG\ª\©3UREOHPV&RQQHFWHGZLWK0XVLFªHQ&RPSOHWH
:RUNV RI$ULVWRWOH 3ULQFHWRQ 3ULQFHWRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV 3DUD HO FRQFHSWR GH ©PtPHVLVª HQ OD
UHÁH[LyQVREUHHOKHFKRPXVLFDODULVWRWpOLFDYLG6|UERP*©$ULVWRWOHRQ0XVLFDV5HSUHVHQWDWLRQª
-RXUQDORI$HVWKHWLFVDQG$UW&ULWLFLVPQžSiJVDVtFRPRODWHVLVGRFWRUDOGH0XxR]/ySH]
23RpWLFDPXVLFDOUHÁH[LyQKLVWyULFDVREUHHOFRQFHSWRGHPtPHVLVHQHOiPELWRGHODVDUWHVPXVLFDOHV
GLULJLGDSRUHO3URI'U'(GXDUGR6XELUDWV0DGULG81(')DFXOWDGGH)LORVRItD'HSDUWDPHQWRGH
$QWURSRORJtD
9LG+RUDFLR$UWHVSRpWLFDV7UDGGH*RQ]iOH]$0DGULG7DXUXVYY8OULFK
:HLVVWHLQUHFRJLyHOGHVDUUROORKDVWDHOH[WUHPRGHODSURSXHVWDGH+RUDFLRHQVXDUWtFXOR©9HUEDO3DLQ
WLQJV)XJD3RHPV/LWHUDU\&ROODJHVDQGWKH0HWDPRUSKLF&RPSDUDWLVWVª<HDUERRNRI&RPSDUDWLYHDQG
*HQHUDO/LWHUDWXUHQžSiJV©$FWXDOO\LIZHZHUHWRGHVLQJDFKDUW³OLPLWHGLQLWLDOO\
WROLWHUDWXUHPXVLFDQGWKHYLVXDOPHGLD³ZHFRXOGV\VWHPDWLFDOO\H[WHQGLQJWKHPXFKDEXVHG+RUDWLDQ
SVHXGRGRFWULQHRIXWSLFWXUDSRHVLVXWSRHVLVPXVLFDDQGXWPXVLFDSRHVLVªSiJ
9LG&KDVWHO$$UWH\KXPDQLVPRHQ)ORUHQFLDHQODpSRFDGH/RUHQ]RHO0DJQtÀFR0DGULG
&iWHGUD SiJ 0LQJXHW 3 /D HVWpWLFD GHO %DUURFR 0DGULG &iWHGUD -HQVHQ + -
©&RPSDULQJWKH$UWVLQWKH$JHRI%DURTXHª(LJKWHHQWK&HQWXU\6WXGLHVQžSiJVHWF
&RQV~OWHQVHORVWUDEDMRV\DFOiVLFRVGH6WHFKRZ:©3UREOHPVRI6WUXFWXUHLQ6RPH5HODWLRQVEHWZHHQ
WKH9LVXDO$UWVDQG0XVLFª -RXUQDORI$HVWKHWLFVDQG$UW&ULWLFLVPQžSiJV\
1HPHURY+©2Q3RHWU\DQG3DLQWLQJZLWKD7KRXJKWRI0XVLFªHQ:-70LWFKHOOHG7KH/DQ
JXDJH,PDJHV&KLFDJR/RQGRQ8QLYHUVLW\&KLFDJR3UHVVSiJV
9LG HO HVWXGLR JHQHUDO GH 6FKORVVHU - /D OLWHUDWXUD DUWtVWLFD SURORJDGR SRU %RQHW &RUUHD
$0DGULG&iWHGUD$OPDUJHQGHORVHMHPSORVFLWDGRV/RSHOOHJDDHTXLSDUDUHQODGHGLFDWRULD
GHVX$QJpOLFDORVPRGHORVODWLQRVTXHKDQGHLPLWDUVHDODVEDVHVGHXQDFRPSRVLFLyQSROLIyQLFDFRQ
WUDSXQWtVWLFD©8VDOXJDUHVFRPXQHVFRPRHQJDxRVGH8O\VVHV6DODPDQGUD&LUFH\RWURV¢SRUTXpKD
GHVHUSURKLELGRSXHV\DVRQFRPRDGDJLRV\WpUPLQRVFRPXQHV\HOFDQWROODQRVREUHHOTXHVHIXQGDQ
YDULRVFRQFHSWRV"ªUHFRJLGRSRU0RQWHVLQRV5)(VWXGLRVVREUH/RSHGH9HJD0DGULG$QD\D
SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
WHVLDLPSOLFDEDQRVyORODFXHVWLyQPiVFRQRFLGD\FRQVFLHQWHGHODDFWXDFLyQ
VLPXOWiQHD GH DUWHV GLIHUHQWHV VLQR TXH GHMDED DELHUWR HO SUREOHPD SULQFLSDO
WDO\FRPRKR\QRVLQWHUHVDGHDVHJXUDUODUHDOLGDGGHHVDFXHVWLyQVLPXOWiQHD
VREUHODEDVHGHXQDVIDFXOWDGHVFRPXQHV\GHXQRVPHFDQLVPRVXQLYHUVDOHVGH
SURGXFFLyQGHODLOXVLyQDUWtVWLFD
$XQTXH OD REUD GH *yQJRUD KD VLGR DOJXQD YH] HVWXGLDGD GHQWUR GH HVWH
VLVWHPDGHUHODFLRQHVWUD]DGDVHQWUHODSLQWXUD\ODOLWHUDWXUDQRKD\HVWXGLRV
VLVWHPiWLFRVTXHORUHODFLRQHQFRQODP~VLFDGHVXWLHPSR(VWRTXL]iVHDGH
ELGRDODIXHU]DGHLQHUFLDTXHHOWySLFRKRUDFLDQRWRGDYtDHMHUFHVREUHOD7HRUtD
/LWHUDULDDFWXDOPDUJLQDQGRHQORVHVWXGLRVFRPSDUDWLYRVRWURViPELWRVDUWtVWLFRV
WDOHVFRPRODP~VLFD/DWUDVODFLyQGHODVFDWHJRUtDOLQJtVWLFDVDOFDPSRSLFWy
ULFRKDVLGRIUHFXHQWH³XQFXDGURHVDOJRTXH©HQWUDSRUORVRMRVª³HORtGR
TXL]iSRUODGLQiPLFDGHQXHVWUDFXOWXUDKDTXHGDGRFRPRHOJUDQGHVFRQRFLGR
\ORVYtQFXORVTXHORUHODFLRQDQFRQRWUDVDUWHVQRSDVDQSRUUHJODJHQHUDOGH
ODUHIHUHQFLDPHWDIyULFD\GHODYDJDDQDORJtD
(OIHQyPHQRGHODVLQHVWHVLDKDFRQGHQVDGRGXUDQWHPXFKRWLHPSRODPXWXDSHUPHDELOLGDGGH
ODVDUWHVWDO\FRPRORGHPXHVWUDODFDQWLGDGGHWUDEDMRVTXHHQHOiPELWRGHOD/LWHUDWXUD&RPSDUDGD
VHKDQFHQWUDGRHQHOOD9LGHQWUHRWURV+HOOPDQ*©6\PERODQG$UWLVWLF6W\OHVª-RXUQDORI$HVWKHW
LFV DQG $UW &ULWLFLVP Qž SiJV 2·0DOOH\ * ©/LWHUDU\ 6\QDHVWKHVLDª -RXUQDO
RI$HVWKHWLFVDQG$UW&ULWLFLVPQžSiJV5RZOH\%$©/LJKWRI0XVLFDQGWKH
0XVLFRI/LJKW6\QDHVWKHWLF,PDJHU\LQWKH:RUNVRI/XGZLJ7LHFNª3XEOLFDWLRQVRIWKH(QJOLVK*RHWKH
6RFLHW\SiJV8OOPDQQ6©5RPDQWLFLVPDQG6\QDHVWKHVLDª3XEOLFDWLRQVRIWKH0RGHUQ
/DQJXDJH RI$PHULFD Qž SiJV :LQQ$ 8QVXVSHFWHG (ORTXHQFH$ +LVWRU\ RI WKH
5HODWLRQVEHWZHHQ3RHWU\DQG0XVLF1HZ+DYHQ/RQGRQ<DOH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVSiJV
9LG(QWUDPEDVDJXDV\3HxD-(VWXGLRVVREUH*yQJRUD\HO%DUURFR0DGULG(GLWRUD1DFLRQDO
HQHODUWtFXOR©*yQJRUD\9HOi]TXH]HQ5XEpQ'DUtRªSiJV
&RQWDPRVFRPRQRWDELOtVLPDH[FHSFLyQFRQHOWUDEDMRGH4XHURO*DYDOGD0(O&DQFLRQHUR
PXVLFDOGH*yQJRUD%DUFHORQD&6,&REUDDODFXDOFRUUHVSRQGHQORVHMHPSORVPXVLFDOHVÀQDOHV
SUHVHQWHVHQHVWHDUWtFXOR
/RVSURIHVRUHV*DUFtD%HUULR$\+HUQiQGH]+HUQiQGH]07KDQGHGLFDGRWRGDXQDPR
QRJUDItD³8WSRHVLVSLFWXUD3RpWLFDGHODUWHYLVXDO0DGULG7HFQRVDHVWDWUDVODFLyQDWUDYpV
GHORTXHKDQGDGRHQOODPDU©LQYHUVLyQVHPLyWLFDHQHORUGHQGHODVPHWRGRORJtDVFUtWLFDVXWSRHVLV
SLFWXUDª(QHOSULPHUFDStWXORH[SRQHQVXSUR\HFWR©/RVPpWRGRV\FDWHJRUtDVVHPLyWLFDVGHDQiOLVLV
GHGLVFXUVRVHQODOHQJXDQDWXUDOKDQDGTXLULGR\DXQHVWDWXWRGHÀQLWLYRGHOHJLWLPLGDGLQFXHVWLRQDEOH
0iVHMHUFLWDGDV\SRUORWDQWRD~QPHMRUDWHVWLJXDGDVVRQODVSRVLELOLGDGHVVHPLyWLFDVGHDQDOL]DUGLV
FXUVRVDUWtVWLFRVHQOHQJXDQDWXUDOSRpWLFRV\OLWHUDULRV1XHVWUDDSRUWDFLyQHQHVWHOLEURWLHQHHOGREOH
REMHWRGHSURSRQHUGHXQDSDUWHGHQWURGHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHODPHWRGRORJtDVHPLyWLFDODQHFHVLGDG
GHH[WHQGHUORVDQiOLVLVPiVDOOiGHVXiPELWRFRP~QPHQWHHQVD\DGRGHODOHQJXDOLWHUDULDHQVHQWLGR
HVWULFWRGHPDWHULDOYHUEDOLQPDQHQWH(QVHJXQGROXJDUWUDWDPRVGHHVWDEOHFHUODSRVLEOHDUWLFXODFLyQGH
XQDHVWUXFWXUDPHWRGROyJLFDDVtFRQVWLWXLGDDORVWH[WRVSOiVWLFRVGHODSLQWXUDREMHWRVDUWtVWLFRVDMHQRV
DOGRPLQLRGHODVOHQJXDVQDWXUDOHVªRSFLWSiJ
1RHVHOPRPHQWRGHFLWDUDORVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHDOJXQRVGHVSURSyVLWRVGHQWURGHODOLWHUDWXUD
FRPSDUDGD&XDQGRXQDREUDOLWHUDULDKDVLGRUHODFLRQDGDFRQXQFyGLJRPXVLFDOFRQIUHFXHQFLDVHKDQ
LJQRUDGRODVHVWUXFWXUDVEiVLFDVGHHVWHRWURGLVFXUVRVXVIXQFLRQHV\SDUiPHWURVPiVHOHPHQWDOHV'DPRV
DTXtODQyPLQDGHDOJXQRVWUDEDMRV³HQPRGRDOJXQRH[KDXVWLYD³TXHKDQSURIXQGL]DGRFRQULJRUHQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
(QHVWHHVWXGLRSXHVSURSRQHPRVXQDUHÁH[LyQVREUHODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVTXH
SXHGH WHQHU OD P~VLFD HQ OD REUD SRpWLFD GH *yQJRUD 9DULDV VRQ ODV UD]RQHV
TXHQRVKDQFRQGXFLGRDWDOHPSUHVD(QSULPHUOXJDUKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWD
ODIRUPDFLyQPXVLFDOGHOSRHWDODVUHODFLRQHVTXHWXYRFRQORVP~VLFRVGHOD
pSRFD\HOXVRTXHHVWRVKLFLHURQGHVXREUD/RVWUDEDMRVTXHDOJXQRVGHQXHV
WURVPHMRUHVFRPSRVLWRUHVUHDOL]DURQVREUHPXFKRVGHVXVURPDQFHVJpQHURGH
FODUDDVFHQGHQFLDPXVLFDOIXHURQUHFRJLGRVHQGLVWLQWRVFDQFLRQHURVIRUPDQGR
SDUWHGHXQFRUSXVOLWHUDULRPXVLFDOTXHLQWHJUDDORVPi[LPRVH[SRQHQWHVGH
ODOtULFD\SROLIRQtDGHQXHVWUR6LJORGH2UR(VWRVFDQFLRQHURVVHJ~QYHUHPRV
SODQWHDQDVXYH]XQDVHULHGHYDULDQWHVTXHKDQGHVHUWHQLGDVHQFXHQWDHQOD
HGLFLyQ\DWULEXFLyQGHREUDVDXQDXWRU\QRVSHUPLWHQFRQVLGHUDUODLQÁXHQFLD
GHGHWHUPLQDGRVFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHVHQODHVFULWXUDSHQVDGDWDOYH]
FDOODGDPHQWHSDUD\GHVGHHOFDQWR3RURWURODGRHOKHFKRGHTXHHOURPDQFH
HVFRJLGRSUHVHQWDUDGRVUHDOL]DFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVGLIHUHQWHVRIUHFtDSDUDQXHVWUR
DQiOLVLVXQDEDQLFRGHSRVLELOLGDGHVEDVWDQWHDPSOLRHOHVWXGLRGHODUHODFLyQGH
XQWH[WROLWHUDULRFRQGLVWLQWRVWH[WRVPXVLFDOHVODFRQIURQWDFLyQGHGRVPXVLFD
OL]DFLRQHVGLVWLQWDVSRUVXOHQJXDMH\HVWLORODYDORUDFLyQGHODLPSRUWDQFLDTXH
SXGLHUDQWHQHUHVWDVSLH]DVHQODWUDQVPLVLyQGHODREUDGHOSRHWD\ÀQDOPHQWH
ODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHOYDORUHVWpWLFRGHXQDVIRUPDVKtEULGDVTXHFRQGHQVDQGRV
FyGLJRVGLIHUHQWHVHQXQDVRODPDQLIHVWDFLyQDUWtVWLFD
)250$&,Ð1 086,&$/ '(*Ð1*25$
/DVUHODFLRQHVTXH*yQJRUDPDQWXYRFRQVXHQWRUQRPXVLFDOQRVRQDMHQDV
QL H[WUDxDV D ODV TXH WXYLHURQ RWURV SRHWDV GH VX WLHPSR (Q VX LQWURGXFFLyQ
DO &DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH *yQJRUD 4XHURO *DYDOGD VLQWHWL]D HVWD GLQiPLFD
FRP~Q
ODUHODFLyQHQWUHP~VLFD\OLWHUDWXUD%DUULFHOOL30HORSRLHVLV$SSURDFKHVWRWKH6WXG\RI/LWHUDWXUHDQG
0XVLF1HZ<RUN1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV,QWHUUHODWLRQVRI/LWHUDWXUH1HZ<RUN0/$
&OXFN1$/LWHUDWXUHDQG0XVLF(VVD\VLQ)RUP3URYR8WDK%ULJKDP<RXQJ8QLYHUVW\3UHVV
)(VFDO&RQWUHSRLQW0XVLTXHHW/LWWpUDWXUH3DUtV0pULGLHQV.OLQFNVLHFN%DOW]HU57KH8QLRQ
RI:RUGVDQG0XVLFLQ0HGLHYDO3RHWU\$XVWLQ8QLYHUVLW\RI7H[DV3UHVV0RQHOOH5/LQJXLVWLF
DQG6HPLRWLFLQ0XVLF&KXU6ZLW]HUODQG+DUZRRG-/%DFNHV0XVLTXHHW/LWWpUDWXUHHVVDLVGH
SRHWLTXHFRPSDUpH3DUtV3UHVVHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFH6DEDWLHU)0LURLUVGHODPXVLTXH/D
PXVLTXHHWVHVFRUUHVSRQGDQFHVDYHFODOLWWpUDWXUHHWOHVEHDX[DUWVYRO,\,,/LJXJp3RLWLHUV)D\DUG
3DUDHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHDPEDVDUWHVGXUDQWHODpSRFDGHOHVFULWRUFRUGREpV
FRQV~OWHQVHORVHVWXGLRVJHQHUDOHVGH6WHLQ./6RQJVRI0RUWDOV'LDORJXHVRIWKH*RGV0XVLFDQG
7KHDWUHLQ6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\6SDLQ2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV\9LUJLOLL%ODTXHW0$HWDOLL
HGV0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD9DOODGROLG6RFLHGDG©9&HQWHQDULRGHO
7UDWDGRGH7RUGHVLOODVª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
+DFHPXFKRVDxRVTXHKHSRGLGRREVHUYDUTXHPXFKDVYHFHVODV
YDULDQWHVOLWHUDULDVTXHRIUHFHQORVFDQFLRQHURVPXVLFDOHVVRQGHPD\RU
EHOOH]DSRpWLFDTXHODVGHORVWH[WRVHVWDEOHFLGRVSRUORVOLWHUDWRV(VWH
KHFKR VH H[SOLFD SRU RWUR KHFKR FRQVWDQWH HQ WRGRV ORV VLJORV FRQ
IUHFXHQFLDORVFRPSRVLWRUHVFRQRFHQPXFKDVSRHVtDVDQWHVTXHpVWDV
VHDQLPSUHVDV\SXEOLFDGDVXQDVYHFHVSRUTXHHOP~VLFRSLGHSRHVtDV
DOSRHWDRWUDVSRUTXHVXHxDVLHPSUH\GHVHDTXHDOJ~QFRPSRVLWRU
SRQJDP~VLFDDVXVYHUVRV\VLHOSRHWDWLHQHDPLVWDGVXÀFLHQWHFRQ
DOJ~QFRPSRVLWRUSLGHDpVWHTXHOHSRQJDP~VLFDDDOJXQDVGHVXV
SRHVtDV(QFRQVHFXHQFLDPXFKDVYHFHVHOP~VLFRFRQRFHPDQXVFULWRV
RULJLQDOHVGHOSRHWDTXHpVWHOHHQWUHJyHQSURSLDPDQR\TXHQXQFD
FRQRFLHURQ ORV OLWHUDWRV QL ORV HGLWRUHV ,QFOXVR SXHGH GDUVH HO FDVR
GHTXHXQOLWHUDWRDWULEX\DXQDGHWHUPLQDGDIHFKDDODFRPSRVLFLyQ
GHXQDSRHVtDSHURVLpVWDVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQPDQXVFULWRP~VLFDPiV
DQWLJXRTXHODIHFKDGHDWULEXFLyQVHxDODGDSRUHOOLWHUDWRHVHYLGHQWH
TXHpVWHWHQGUiTXHFRUUHJLUODIHFKDª
(VWDVUHÁH[LRQHVKDQVLGRUHFRJLGDVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVHQHOiPELWRGHOD
LQYHVWLJDFLyQÀOROyJLFDGRQGHVHKDFRPHQ]DGRDWHQHUHQFXHQWDHOYDORUGH
ORVFDQFLRQHURVFRPRIXHQWHVSDUDODHGLFLyQ\GDWDFLyQGHORVWH[WRV
(QWRGDHGLFLyQGHXQFDQFLRQHURPXVLFDOHVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHUHFRP
SRQHU\WUDQVFULELUHOWH[WR\ODP~VLFDSHURHVWDWUDQVFULSFLyQGHEH
FRQOOHYDUWDPELpQODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVPXVLFDGDVHO
HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHFRQFRUGDQFLDVFRQRWURVWH[WRVPXVLFDOHV\SRpWLFRV
\XQGHWDOODGRHVWXGLRGHODPHORGtDDQDOL]DQGRHQORVFDVRVHQTXH
VHDSRVLEOHODVIXHQWHV\ORVJUDGRVGHWUDGLFLRQDOLGDGPXVLFDOODERU
HQODTXHGHEHPRVFRQWDUFRQODD\XGDGHXQPXVLFyORJR
4XHURO*DYDOGD0(O&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ
9LG9DOFiUFHO&©3UREOHPDGHHGLFLyQGHORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVªSiJVHQ$UHOODQR
,FRRUG&UtWLFDWH[WXDO\DQRWDFLyQÀOROyJLFDHQQXHVWUDVOHWUDVGHO6LJORGH2UR0DGULG&DVWDOLD
/DFLWDFRQWLQXD©/RVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVHQQXHVWUR6LJORGH2URGDQVyORXQDPtQLPDLGHDGHOD
JUDQFDQWLGDGGHWH[WRVTXHVHFDQWDEDQ6LQHPEDUJRVRQLQGLVSHQVDEOHVDODKRUDGHH[SOLFDUORVFRQR
FLPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHVGHPXFKRVGHQXHVWURVSRHWDVGHUHYDORUL]DUHOSDSHOTXHODP~VLFDGHVHPSHxyHQ
HVWDpSRFDGHUHDÀUPDUHOFDPLQRGHWUDQVPLVLyQPXVLFDOFRPRXQPHGLRLPSRUWDQWHGHGLIXVLyQGHOD
SRHVtDGHDxDGLUQXHYDVREUDVDORVDXWRUHVGHUHIRU]DUODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHDWULEXFLyQRGHVDWULEXFLyQ
GH HVWDEOHFHU YDULDQWHV \ FyPR QR GH HMHPSOLÀFDU OD DFRPRGDFLyQ HQWUH P~VLFD \ SRHVtD GRQGH OD
SRHVtDVHFRQYLHUWHHQ¶LPLWDFLyQRWUDVODGRGHODP~VLFD·\ODP~VLFD¶HQTXHORVSRHWDVYDQIXQGDGRV
>«@ODPHGLGDGHUK\WPRV\FRQVRQDQFLDVGHVXVYHUVRV·9DOGHUUiEDQR6LOYDGH6LUHQDV¶0XVLoH/DXV
QXOORDXWKRUH·ª9DOFiUFHORSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
6LQ HPEDUJR \ D SHVDU GH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH DFXHUGR FRQ &DUPHQ 9DO
FiUFHOGHXWLOL]DUHVWDVIXHQWHVPXVLFDOHVFRPRIXHQWHVWH[WXDOHVSDUDVHxDODU
YDULDQWHV\HVWDEOHFHUFRQFRUGDQFLDVWRGDYtDQRKD\XQHVWXGLRPHWRGROyJLFR
GHORVFDPELRVHVSHFtÀFRVGHODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVDFDXVDGH
OD P~VLFD &RQFHGHU VLQ PiV OD SULPDFtD HVWpWLFD \ WHPSRUDO GHO KHFKR OL
WHUDULRVREUHHOPXVLFDODOOtGRQGHDSDUH]FDHVWHJpQHURGHKLEULGDFLyQVXSRQH
XQHPSREUHFLPLHQWRHQODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOIHQyPHQROLWHUDULR\SRUH[WHQVLyQ
GHOKHFKRDUWtVWLFR
$ORIUHFHUXQSURFHVRFRQFOXLGRPXFKRVÀOyORJRVROYLGDPRVTXH
OD P~VLFD PRGLÀFy VXVWDQFLDOPHQWH ORV WH[WRV SRpWLFRV LJQRUDPRV
TXH KD\ FLHUWRV UDVJRV PXVLFDOHV TXH LQÁX\HURQ GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ HO
FDPELRWH[WXDO\PRGLÀFDUHLQÁXLUQRVXJLHUHQQHFHVDULDPHQWHTXH
ODSRHVtDWHQtDDSULRULXQDH[LVWHQFLDLQGHSHQGLHQWHOXHJRODP~VLFD
©HQWUyHQHVFHQDªSDUDWUDVWRFDUODVLQRTXHDPEDVSRHVtD\P~VLFD
HYROXFLRQDURQMXQWDV
*UDQSDUWHGHODREUDGH*yQJRUDSXHGHVHUHQHVWHVHQWLGRREMHWRGHXQ
DQiOLVLVTXHWHQJDHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQODVSURSXHVWDVDUULEDLQGLFDGDV/DFUtWLFDKD
SUR\HFWDGRVREUHVXREUDOtULFDXQD©RVFXUDªVRVSHFKDGH©PXVLFDOLGDGª\GHFL
PRV©RVFXUDªSRUTXHVHJ~QSRGUiYHUVHHVWDDWULEXFLyQKDSHUGLGRVXFRQWHQLGR
WpFQLFRDOPDUJHQGHODUWLÀFLRIyQLFRGHVXVYHUVRVKD\³FUHHPRV³DXWpQWLFRV
SULQFLSLRVGHFDUiFWHUPXVLFDOTXHVXE\DFHQHQVXFRPSOHMLGDGSRpWLFD
5HFRUUDPRVHQSULPHUOXJDUODVUHODFLRQHVGHGRQ/XLVFRQHOiPELWRPXVLFDO
GHOPRPHQWR1DFLGRHQ&yUGREDSXHGHVXSRQHUVHTXHHQHVWDFLXGDGIXHUD
LQIDQWLFRGHOFRURFDWHGUDOLFLRRGHDOJXQDRWUDFDSLOODRDJUXSDFLyQPXVLFDO
$OJXQRVWUDEDMRVSDUDGLJPiWLFRVDSDUHFLHURQHQHOiPELWRGHODHWQRPXVLFRORJtD9LG/LVW*
©7KH ERXQGDULHV RI 6SHHFK DQG 6RQJª \ %ULJKW: ©/DQJXDJH DQG 0XVLF$UHDV IRU &RRSHUDWLRQª
DPERV HQ (WKQRPXVLFRORJ\ Qž 9LG LJXDOPHQWH /HYPDQ % ©7KH *HQHVLV RI 0XVLF DQG
/DQJXDJHª(WKQRPXVLFRORJ\Qž
9LG9DOFiUFHO&©6DOJDQORVP~VLFRV\FDQWHXQDPXMHU,QÁXHQFLDGHODP~VLFDHQODGL
QiPLFDWH[WXDOGHODSRHVtDUHQDFHQWLVWDª(GDGGH2UR;,,SiJ0iVDGHODQWHFRQWLQ~D
©1RHVH[DJHUDGRDÀUPDUTXHODSRHVtDVLQRVHFDQWDRQRSUHVHQWDP~VLFDHVWiKHFKDFRQODLQWHQFLyQ
GHTXHODWHQJDHOSRHWDFUHDVXSURSLDP~VLFDª9LG9DOFiUFHORSFLWSiJ
©/D SRHVtD GH *yQJRUD HVWi OOHQD GH P~VLFD QR VRODPHQWH HQ HO VHQWLGR GH OD PXVLFDOLGDG
LQGLVFXWLEOH GH VXV YHUVRV VLQR HQ HO VHQWLGR PiV HVWULFWR GHO DUWH PXVLFDOª 4XHURO *DYDOGD 0 (O
&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ
6LQWHWL]DPRVDTXtHQXQDVOtQHDVHOGHWDOODGRUHFRUULGRELRJUiÀFRTXHKDFH4XHURO*DYDOGD
0(O&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV
(VWDIRUPDFLyQQRSXHGHH[WUDxDUQRVVLWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDODDVFHQGHQFLDVRFLDOGHODIDPLOLD
GHGRQ/XLVVHJ~QUHFRJH-DPPHV5HQ/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWH0DGULG
&DVWDOLDSiJV©/DIDPLOLDGHGRQ/XLVHVWiWDPELpQHVWUHFKDPHQWHOLJDGDFRQODLJOHVLDSRU
WRGDFODVHGHOD]RVHFRQyPLFRV/RHVHQFLDOGHVXVUHQWDVHVGHRULJHQHFOHVLiVWLFRǻSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
TXHH[LVWLUtDDGVFULWDDOQRPEUHGH'RQ'LHJRGH9DUJDV&RUUHJLGRUGHGLFKD
FLXGDG0iVWDUGHVHSXHGHHQFRQWUDUVXQRPEUHHQWUHODVOLVWDVGHORVHVWX
GLDQWHVGHGHUHFKRHQ6DODPDQFDHQWUH\WLHPSRHQHOFXDOHQVHxDED
P~VLFDHQODXQLYHUVLGDGVDOPDQWLQDHOPDHVWUR)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVTXLHQUHJHQWy
HVWD FiWHGUD GXUDQWH ORV DxRV \ +D\ TXH GHFLU WDPELpQ TXH HQWUH
\GHVSOHJyDOOtVXDFWLYLGDGHOFRPSRVLWRU-XDQ1DYDUUR7DQWRXQR
FRPRRWURVRQDODEDGRV\H[DOWDGRVSRUHOSRHWDP~VLFR9LFHQWH(VSLQHOHQVX
9LGD GHO (VFXGHUR 0DUFRV GH 2EUHJyQ$OJXQRV ELyJUDIRV GH *yQJRUD KDQ
FRQVLGHUDGRTXHpVWHWXYRDOJXQDDPLVWDGFRQ(VSLQHOSRUVHUDPERVSRHWDV
DPLJRVGHORELVSR)UDQFLVFR3DFKHFRDXQTXHHVSUREDEOHTXHWDQWRXQRFRPR
RWUR WXYLHUDQ RSRUWXQLGDG GH FRQRFHUVH SRU LQWHUpV SXUDPHQWH DUWtVWLFR \D HQ
6DODPDQFD\DHQ&yUGREDDOPDUJHQGHHVWDDPLVWDGFRP~Q
'HVGH\FRPR5DFLRQHURGHODFDWHGUDOGH&yUGREDHVFXFKyLQQXPHUD
EOHVYHFHVODVDOPRGLDDOWHUQDGDFDQWDGDSRUORVEHQHÀFLDULRV\FDQyQLJRV'H
HVWHKHFKRHVSRVLEOHTXHOHTXHGDUDHQODPHPRULDXQDYHUGDGHUDREVHVLyQSRU
ORVFRURVDOWHUQRVTXHVLELHQÀJXUDQHQORVFDQWRVDPDEHRVVRQQRREVWDQWH
XQDGHODVPiVVXVWDQFLDOHVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHOHVStULWXEDUURFRHQODP~VLFD
HVSDxRODGHO;9,,&RPRGHVSXpVYHUHPRVODVH[SUHVLRQHV©FRURVDOWHUQDQGRª
9LG0LOOp\*LPpQH]-HG*yQJRUD\$UJRWH/2EUDVFRPSOHWDV0DGULG$JXLODU
TXH UHFRJH HQ XQR GH ORV VRQHWRV DWULEXLGRV D *yQJRUD /;; OD VLJXLHQWH GHGLFDWRULD ©$ 9LFHQWH
GH6DQWD$QDP~VLFRGH'RQ'LHJR9DUJDV&RUUHJLGRUGH&yUGREDªSiJ3RURWURODGRHQHO
URPDQFH9,,,DWULEXLGRGHFLHUWRFDUiFWHUDXWRELRJUiÀFRSRGHPRVOHHUORVVLJXLHQWH©$KRUD
TXH HVWR\ GHVSDFLR FDQWDU TXLHUR HQ PL EDQGXUULD OR TXH HQ PiV JUDYH LQVWUXPHQWR FDQWDUD PDV
QRPHHVFXFKDQ«(QHOFRURGHPLDOGHDFDQWDEDPLVDOHOX\DVªSiJV4XHUROHQWLHQGHTXH
&yUGREDSXHGHVHUHOWUDVXQWRGH©DOGHDª
(OPDHVWUR6DOLQDVQRQHFHVLWDSUHVHQWDFLyQYLG6LHWHOLEURVGHP~VLFD)HUQiQGH]GHOD
&XHVWD,HG0DGULG9LGODLQWHUHVDQWHWHVLVGRFWRUDOSUHVHQWDGDSRU2WDROD3(OKXPDQLVPR
PXVLFDOGH)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV1DYDUUD'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)LORVRItD8QLYHUVLGDGGH1DYDUUD6REUH-XDQ
1DYDUURYLG65XELR-XDQ1DYDUUR0DGULG(O(VFRULDO
5HODFLyQ7HUFHUD'HVFDQVR9%$(W;9,,,SiJ
9LFHQWH(VSLQHOUHIRUPDGRUGHODJXLWDUUDIXHDGPLUDGRHQWUHRWURVSRUHOSURSLR/RSH9LG
3DVWRU&RPtQ--©/RSHGH9HJDXQDDSXQWHVREUHVXIRUPDFLyQPXVLFDOªHQ0RUD*RQ]iOH]/\
&HUULOOR3&(QHOÁXLUGHOWLHPSR&XHQFD8QLYHUVLGDGGH&DVWLOOD/D0DQFKDSiJ
©(QGHDJRVWRGHODxRHQWUyHQODFLXGDGHOQXHYRRELVSRGRQ)UDQFLVFR3DFKHFRTXH
ORHUDGH0iODJD\KDEtDHVWDGRHQ6DODPDQFDSRFRVDxRVDQWHVFXDQGR*yQJRUDVHJXtDVXVHVWXGLRV
(UD DPLJR GH ORV KRPEUHV GH OHWUDV SURWHFWRU GH9LFHQWH (VSLQHO \ GH ORV KHUPDQRV$OGHUHWHVª9LG
$UWLJDV0'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWH%LRJUDItD\HVWXGLRFULWLFR0DGULGSiJ&RQV~O
WHVHWDPELpQSDUDODUHFRQVWUXFFLyQELRJUiÀFDGHOSRHWD$ORQVR'\*DOYDUULDWRGH$ORQVR(3DUD
ODELRJUDItDGH*yQJRUDGRFXPHQWRVGHVFRQRFLGRV0DGULG*UHGRV
3DUD4XHURO©ODSROLFRUDOLGDGHQ(VSDxDQRKDVLGRLPSRUWDGDGHQLQJXQDRWUDQDFLyQªYLG
©/RVRUtJHQHVGHO%DUURFRPXVLFDOHVSDxROª0HPRULD$QXDULRGHO&RQVHUYDWRULRGH9DOHQFLD9DOHQFLD
FXUVRSiJ3DUDHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHHVWDSROLFRUDOLGDGYLG4XHURO*DYDOGD0HQ0~VLFD
%DUURFD(VSDxROD0DGULG&6,&\/ySH]&DOy-HQ+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxROD(OVLJOR
;9,,0DGULG$OLDQ]D0~VLFDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
R©YRFHVDOWHUQDQGRªVRQIUHFXHQWHVHQODREUDJRQJRULQD3RFRWLHPSRGHVSXpV
HQHORELVSR3DFKHFRHQVXYLVLWDLQTXLVLWLYDDWRGRVORVPLHPEURVGHO
&DELOGROHKL]RFLQFRFDUJRVDFHUFDGHVXFRQGXFWDQRMX]JDGDVLHPSUHGLJQD
GHXQHFOHVLiVWLFR(OTXLQWRUH]DEDDVt
9LYH³HQÀQ³FRPRPX\PR]R\DQGDGHGtD\GHQRFKHHQFRVDV
OLJHUDVWUDWDUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGHFRPHGLDV\HVFULEHFRSODVSURIDQDV
$OFXDOHOSRHWDFRQWHVWD
$OTXLQWRTXHQLPLYLGDHVWDQHVFDQGDORVDQL\RWDQYLHMRTXH
VHPH SXHGD DFXVDU GH YLYLU FRPR PR]R 4XH PL FRQYHUVDFLyQFRQ
UHSUHVHQWDQWHV \ FRQ ORV GHPiV GH HVWH RÀFLR HV GHQWUR GH PL FDVD
GRQGHYLHQHQFRPRDODVGHFXDQWRVKRPEUHVKRQUDGRV\FDEDOOHURV
VXHOHQ\PiVDODPtDSRUVHUWDQDÀFLRQDGRDODP~VLFD
3DUWLFLSySXHVHQODLQWHQVDYLGDPXVLFDOGHODFDWHGUDOGH&yUGREDFX\D
FDSLOODHVWDEDGLULJLGDHQWRQFHVSRUHOPDHVWUR-RDQ5LVFRP~VLFRFRQTXLHQ
FRODERUyHQOD1DYLGDGGHHVFULELHQGRODOHWUDGHGLH]YLOODQFLFRVTXHIXH
URQFDQWDGRVHQODFDWHGUDO(QXQRGHHVWRVYLOODQFLFRV©$OJXDOHWHKHMRªVH
UHSLWHQHQHOHVWULELOORODVH[FODPDFLRQHV©)DODOiODLOiª(VWHHVRWURLQGLFLRGH
VXVFRQRFLPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHV\DTXHHQHOVLJOR;9,VHOODPDED©)DODOiªDXQ
WLSRGHFDQFLRQHVSROLIyQLFDVFRQDLUHGHGDQ]D\FDUiFWHUSRSXODUFX\RHVWULELOOR
VH EDVDED HQ GLFKDV VtODEDV X RWUDV VHPHMDQWHV 7DO HVWULELOOR VH HQFXHQWUD HQ
DOJXQRVPDGULJDOHVGH-XDQ%UXGLHX%DUFHORQD\HQ/DV(QVDODGDVGH
0DWHR)OHFKD3UDJD
7DPELpQ-DPPHVLQFLGLUiHQHOFDUiFWHUPXVLFDOGHODVSRHVtDVSRVWHULRUHV
D
9LG$UWLJDV 0 'RQ /XLV GH *yQJRUD \$UJRWH %LRJUDItD \ HVWXGLR FUtWLFR RS FLW SiJV
9pDVHHOVRQHWRTXH*yQJRUDGHGLFy©$'RQ)UD\'LHJRGH0DUGRQHV2ELVSRGH&yUGRED
GHGLFiQGROHHOPDHVWUR5LVFRXQ/LEURGH0~VLFDª0LOOp\*LPpQH]-HGRSFLWSiJ
4XHUROUHFRJHGHODHGLFLyQGH-DPPHV5/HWULOODVGH*yQJRUD3DUtVXQOLVWDGRGH
YLOODQFLFRVTXHFRQVWDHQHOPDQXVFULWR&GHOD%LEOLRWHFDGHO3DODFLR5HDOGH0DGULG9LG
4XHURO *DYDOGD 0 (O &DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH *yQJRUD RS FLW SiJ YLG -DPPHV 5 /D REUD
SRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJV
(VWHHVWULELOORHVWiUHFRJLGRSRU0DUJLW)UHQNHQ&RUSXVGHODDQWLJXDOtULFDSRSXODUKLVSiQLFD
6LJORV;9D;9,,0DGULG&DVWDOLD3DUDDPERVDXWRUHVYpDVHHOHVWXGLRTXH4XHURO*DYDOGD
OHVGHGLFDHQ7UDQVFULSFLyQHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODSROLIRQtDHVSDxRODGHORVVLJORV;9\;9,0DGULG
&RPLVDUtD1DFLRQDOGH0~VLFDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
/R PLVPR VXFHGH FRQ ODV SRHVtDV SRVWHULRUHV D DXQTXH
QLQJ~Q GRFXPHQWR DWHVWLJH IRUPDOPHQWH TXH HVWXYLHVH GHVWLQDGDV
D OD FDSLOOD UHDO VX HVWUXFWXUD OHWULOODV R URPDQFHV FRQ HVWULELOOR
LQGLFD TXH IXHURQ KHFKDV SDUD VHU FDQWDGDV \ VH FRPSUHQGHUtD PDO
TXH*yQJRUDSRHWDXQLYHUVDOPHQWHFRQRFLGR\DSUHFLDGRHQ(VSDxD
HQHVWDpSRFDQRKXELHUDVLGRSXHVWRDFRQWULEXFLyQSRUVXVFROHJDV
\ SRU VXV DPLJRV P~VLFRV GH OD FDSLOOD UHDO TXH SXVLHURQ P~VLFD D
YDULDVGHVXVFRPSRVLFLRQHVSURIDQDV
1RFDEHGXGDSXHVGHTXHIXHURQEDVWDQWHVORVFRPSRVLWRUHVTXHFDQWDURQ
FRQYHUVRVGH*yQJRUD(QWUHHOORVFDEHUHFRUGDUD)HOLSH5RJLHU
PDHVWURGHODFDSLOODUHDOGH)HOLSH,,\D*KHULGH*HUVHPFRP
SRVLWRUPLHPEURGHODPLVPDFDSLOOD(OPHQFLRQDGR-XDQ5LVFRVHVXPDDRWURV
FRPSRVLWRUHV FRUWHVDQRV WDOHV FRPR 0DWHR 5RPHUR 0DHVWUR &DSLWiQ -XDQ
%ODVGH&DVWUR*DEULHO'tD]'LHJR*RPH])UDQFLVFR*XHUDX\-XDQ+LGDOJR
(QWUHORVQRFRUWHVDQRVFDEHFLWDUD-XDQ$UDxpV7RPDV&LUHUD\0DQXHO&RUUHD
(QWUHWRGRVHVWRVQRPEUHVGHEHPRVGHVWDFDUHOGH*DEULHO'tD]DXWRUGHXQD
-DPPHV 5 /D REUD SRpWLFD GH 'RQ /XLV GH *yQJRUD \$UJRWH RS FLW SiJ (Q QRWD
DGHODQWDXQDQyPLQDGHFRPSRVLWRUHV\DOXGHDODVUHODFLRQHVTXHWXYLHURQFRQHOSRHWD©/DVUHODFLRQHV
HQWUH*yQJRUD\ORVP~VLFRVGHODFDSLOODUHDOHVWiQDWHVWLJXDGDVSRU&ODXGLRGHOD6DEORQDUDTXHGH
DHVWXYRHQFDUJDGRGHWUDQVFULELUODP~VLFDGHHVWDFDSLOODHVSRUHOORSRUORTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHQVX
FDQFLRQHURSDUWLWXUDVTXH0DWHR5RPHURPiVFRQRFLGRFRQHOQRPEUHGH©0DHVWUR&DSLWiQªHVFULELHUD
SDUDODVOHWULOODV©&XUDHQODYHFLQGDGªQž\©1RYD\DV*LODOVRWLOORªQž\SDUDODFDQFLyQ
©$\TXHPHPXHURGHFHORVªQžFX\RHVWULELOORUHSLWHODVIDPRVDVVHJXLGLOODV©0iWDQPHORVFHORVGH
DTXHODQGDOX]ªGH*yQJRUD0DWHR5RPHURHUDPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGHVXPDMHVWDGGHVGH*DEULHO
'tD]TXHIXHVX©WHQLHQWHªDSDUWLUGHSXVRP~VLFDDOURPDQFH©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHªQž
*yQJRUDWXYRWDPELpQWLHPSRGHFRQRFHU\IUHFXHQWDUHQSDODFLRDOYLROLQLVWDGHODFDSLOOD'LHJR
*yPH]PXHUWRHQTXHKDEtDSXHVWRP~VLFDDOURPDQFH©(QHOEDLOHGHOHMLGRª6DEORQDUDQRVKD
FRQVHUYDGRWDPELpQODP~VLFDFRPSXHVWDSRU-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWURSDUDODOHWULOOD©$QVDUHVGH0HQJDª
SHUR-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWURQRGHEtDGHIRUPDUSDUWHGHODFDSLOODHUD¶P~VLFRGHFiPDUDGHVX0DMHVWDG·
SXHVWRTXHRFXSyGHDªRSFLWSiJ6LHPSUHTXHQRVUHÀUDPRVDO&DQFLRQHURGHOD
6DEORQDUDR&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFKGHEHFRQVLGHUDUVHODHGLFLyQUHFLHQWHGH-XGLWK(W]LRQ&DQFLRQHURGH
OD6DEORQDUD/RQGRQ7DPHVLV%RRNV9LGWDPELpQ&DEHUR3XH\R%©7UDQVPLVLyQRUHFHSFLyQ
$OJXQRVDVSHFWRVVREUHODFROHFFLyQGHYLOODQFLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,TXHVHFRQVHUYDHQOD%LEOLRWHFDGHO
(VWDGR%iYDUR0XQLFKªHQ9LUJLOL%DQTXHW0$HWDOLL0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD
RSFLWSiJV
*DEULHO'tD]%HVyQQDFLyHQ$OFDOiGH+HQDUHVKDFLDRXQSRFRDQWHVIXHQLxRGHFRUR
HQODFDSLOODÁDPHQFDGH)HOLSH,,,HQDSDUHFHFRPRPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGHODFROHJLDWDGH/HUPD
HQHUDPDHVWURGHODFDSLOODGHOD(QFDUQDFLyQGH0DGULGFXDQGRIXHSURPRYLGRDLJXDOFDUJRGH
ODFDWHGUDOGH&yUGREDFX\RQRPEUDPLHQWRWXYROXJDUHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH/RV~OWLPRVDxRV
GH VX YLGD IXH PDHVWUR GH FDSLOOD GH ODV 'HVFDO]DV 5HDOHV GH 0DGULG PXULHQGR HQ OD FDSLWDO HO GH
QRYLHPEUHGH0HQpQGH]3HOD\ROHDWULEX\HHTXLYRFDGDPHQWHODQDFLRQDOLGDGSRUWXJXHVDFXDQGR
ORFLWDGHQWURGHODHUXGLFLyQPXVLFDOGHOUHEHODGRGXTXHGH%UDJDQ]DGRQ-XDQ,9©'HVSOLHJDJUDQ
HUXGLFLyQPXVLFDOFLWDQGRREUDVGHXQJUDQQ~PHURGHFRPSRVLWRUHVPRGHUQRVVLQROYLGDUDORVQXHVWURV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
GHODVSLH]DVDTXtHVWXGLDGDV\P~VLFRFRQHOTXHQRVyOR*yQJRUDPDQWXYRXQD
HVWUHFKDUHODFLyQVLQRTXHSRUVXREUDFDXVyXQDJUDQDGPLUDFLyQHQ/RSHGH
9HJD3RURWURODGRHOKHFKRGHTXHGRQ/XLVIXHUDHFOHVLiVWLFRDOVHUYLFLRGH
ODFDWHGUDOGH&yUGREDOHGDUtDODRFDVLyQGHFRQRFHUODP~VLFDGHOPDHVWURGH
ODFDWHGUDOYHFLQD)UDQFLVFR*XHUUHURDVtFRPRODVFXDOLGDGHVPiV
UHOHYDQWHVGHVXHVWLOR'HHVWHPRGRHQHOVLJXLHQWHURPDQFH\GHODPDQHUD
PiVQDWXUDOMXHJDFRQHOGREOHVHQWLGRGHODSDODEUD©IXJDª
/XLVGH9LFWRULD\0DWHR5RPHURHO0DHVWUR&DSLWiQ\DORVSRUWXJXHVHV*DEULHO'LDV-XDQ/RUHQ]R
5DEHOR\$OIRQVR/RERªYLG+LVWRULDGHODV,GHDV(VWpWLFDVYRO,0DGULG&6,&SiJ6H
FRQVHUYDQRFKRREUDVVX\DVHQHO&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFKWUHVHQODFROHFFLyQGH7RQRV&DVWHOODQRV%
GHOD%LEOLRWHFDGHORV'XTXHVGH0HGLQDFHOLFDWRUFHHQOD6HRGH=DUDJR]D\RWURVHQODVFDWHGUDOHV
GH 9DOHQFLD 9DOODGROLG %XUJRV \ 3XHEOD GH 0p[LFR (Q HO &DWiORJR GH OD %LEOLRWHFD GH -XDQ ,9 GH
3RUWXJDOFRQVWDQXQDVTXLQLHQWDVREUDVGHHVWHP~VLFR6REUH*DEULHO'tD]YLG/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULD
GHOD0~VLFD(VSDxROYRO(OVLJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJ1$6RODU4XLQWHV©3DQRUDPDPXVLFDO
GHVGH)HOLSH,,,D&DUORV,,1XHYRVGRFXPHQWRVVREUHPLQLVWULOHVRUJDQLVWDV\5HDOHV&DSLOODVÁDPHQFD
\HVSDxRODHQP~VLFDª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;,,SiJVHQSDUWLFXODUSiJ6XELUi-
©1HFUROyJLFDVPXVLFDOHVPDGULOHxDVª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;,,,HQSDUWLFXODUSiJ
/DVDOXVLRQHVDOP~VLFRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDGHOSRHWDUHFRJLGDSRU$UWLJDV
©&DUWDD')UDQFLVFRGHO&RUUDOGHVHSWLHPEUH©«7HPRTXHODPXHUWHGHQXHVWUR'3HGUR
GH$QJXORWUDHD9PWDQDWHQWRDOUHJDORGHODVGHVFRQVRODGDVSUHQGDVTXHTXHGDURQTXHWLHQHEDVWDQWH
GLVFXOSD\WDOTXHTXLVLHUD\RHVWDUDVLVWLHQGRD9PHQHOFXLGDGR\DVXVPGVHQHOVHUYLFLR<RPH
HRFXSDGRHVWRVGtDVHQFRQGXFLUD*DEULHO'LD]DOGHHVD6WD,JOHVLD\WHQJRHODYHOORFRQVHJXLGRSRU
HOPDLRUTXHSXHGRDYHUKHFKRDOFDXLOGR\OLVRQMDDORVQDWXUDOHVª©&DUWDD')UDQFLVFRGHO&RUUDO
GH RFWXEUH « 6X PJG D SDUWLGR HVWD PDxDQD SDUD 6DQ /RUHQ]R D HVSHUDU DOOt HO DJXD R HO
IUHVFRTXHOHDEUDODVSXHUWDVGHO&DPSLOOR\GH%DOVDLQ(VWDUiVHWRGRHVWHPHVDODEUDPD\EUDPDUiQ
HQHOtQWHULQTXDQWRVTXHGDQSHQGLHQWHV\FUHtDQVDOLHUDQVXVPGV\JUDVDQWHVGHODSDUWLGD(VSpUDQVH
PXFKDVVLELHQQRWRGDVODVTXHVHGLFHQSRUTXHDOJXQRTXHDSHUGLGRUHSXWDFLyQQRSHUGHUiHOOXJDU
TXH WLHQH SRU DRUD \ HVWR UHVSRQGR D OR TXH9P DSXQWy (O GH &DUGRQD D HVWDGR FRQ IDOWD GH VDOXG
HVWiGHDLHUSXUJDGR\OHEDQWDUiVHHVWDVHPDQD9DD5RPDVLQIDOWD$''LHJRGH+RFHVHPRVWHQLGR
PX\DSUHWDGRGHWHUFLDQDV\GHVSXpVGHWDEDUGLOOR9DVDOLHQGRGHDPERVIHOL]PHQWH$OOiWHQGUi9P
D*DEULHO'tD]'R\HOSDUDELpQD,JOHVLD\FLXGDG$PL6',QpVEHVRODVPDQRV\QXHVWUR6UJXH
D9P0G\RFWª9LG$UWLJDV0'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWH%LRJUDItD\HVWXGLRFUtWLFRRS
FLWSiJV
*DEULHO 'tD] FRPSXVR HQ XQD PLVD 5HTXLHP SDUD ORV IXQHUDOHV GH OD UHLQD GRxD 0DU
JDULWD GH$XVWULD PXMHU GH )HOLSH ,,, (VWH 2ÀFLR GH 'LIXQWRV FDXVy WDO LPSUHVLyQ TXH /RSH DOXGH D
HVWHDFRQWHFLPLHQWRHQODFRPHGLD&DUORV9HQ)UDQFLDREUDTXHGHGLFDDOP~VLFR©+DELHQGRRtGR
HQXQDÀHVWDXQYLOODQFLFRFRQHFRVFX\DP~VLFDPXHVWUDYXHVWUDPHUFHGFRPSXVRFRQWDQWRDUWLÀFLR
TXHODQRYHGDGDGPLUyODHQYLGLD\ODGXO]XUDVXVSHQGLyHOHQWHQGLPLHQWR«%LHQSXGLHUDGDUDYXHVWUD
PHUFHGPD\RUHVDODEDQ]DVSRUFHOHVWLDOP~VLFDTXHFRPSXVRHQODVKRQUDVGHOD5HLQDQXHVWUDVHxRUD
FHOHEUDGDVHQOD(QFDUQDFLyQGHFX\DLQVLJQH&DSLOODHVYXHVWUDPHUFHG0DHVWURSXHVWDQDGPLUDEOH
\ ~QLFD TXH OD SXGLHUDQ HQYLGLDU *XLGR$QGUHD \ )UDQTXLQR« \ SXHV ORV SRHWDV OODPDQ D FDQWDU DO
HVFULELUyLJDQPHDPtHVWRVYHUVRV*DEULHOWXP~VLFDKXPDQDDVVtLPLWDODGLXLQDTXHHODOPDHV
p[WDVLLQFOLQDDODLQPRUWDOVREHUDQD7RGDODGHPiVHVOODQDTXHHQORVHFRVGHDTXHOGtDPRVWUy
ELHQODPHORGtDFRQTXHDWRGRVWHDGHODQWDQTXHVRQHFRVFXDQWRVFDQWDQGHWXGLYLQDDUPRQtDª
9LG/RSHGH9HJD&DUORV9HQ)UDQFLDHGGH$UQROG*5HLFKHQEHUJHU3KLODGHOSKLD8QLYHUVLW\RI
3HQQV\OYDQLD3UHVVSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
«FXDQWRSRUTXHHOHVSDxRO
HQODVOLGHVTXHOHPHWH
KDFHPiVIXJDVHQpO
TXH*XHUUHURHQXQPRWHWH
'HMROH\DSRUXQSDMH
ELHQSHLQDGRGHFRSHWH
TXHDUULPDDXQDJXLWDUULOOD
VXSRTXLWRGHEDMHWH«
$O LJXDO TXH HO DUULED FLWDGR KD\ RWURV PXFKRV TXH PDQLÀHVWDQ HO VDEHU
PXVLFDOGHOSRHWD(OURPDQFH©&XDQGRODURVDGD$XURUDªOOHQRGHH[SUHVLRQHV
WpFQLFDVPXVLFDOHVHVXQFODURHMHPSORGHORTXHGHFLPRV3RURWURODGRODV
EHOOH]DVQDWXUDOHVVRQYLVWDVDWUDYpVGHODP~VLFDHVSHFLDOPHQWHORVSiMDURV
SUHVHQWDGRV FRPR FDQWRUHV LQVWUXPHQWLVWDV \ PLHPEURV GH FRURV R FDSLOODV
2WURDVSHFWRGHVXHUXGLFLyQPXVLFDOHVODXWLOL]DFLyQGHFDQFLRQHV\URPDQFHV
WUDGLFLRQDOHVQRVyORHQHOVHQWLGRPHUDPHQWHSRpWLFRVLQRWUDGLFLRQDOHVWDPELpQ
*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHGGH&DUUHxR$0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJ9LGWDPELpQ
*yQJRUD/5RPDQFHVHGGH&DUUHLUD$%DUFHORQD4XDGHUQV&UHPDYRO,SiJV'HO
VLJOR;,9DO;9,LQFOXVLYHODSDODEUD©IXJDªGHVLJQDEDHOSURFHGLPLHQWRFRQWUDSXQWtVWLFRGHQRPLQDGR
PiVJHQHUDOPHQWH©FDQRQª/DVIXJDVHQODSROLIRQtDHUDQSXHVLPLWDFLRQHVGHODVGLYHUVDVYRFHVHQ
FDQRQ/DSDODEUD©EDMHWHª\DHQHO;9,,VLJQLÀFDEDODYR]TXHKR\GtDOODPDPRVEDUtWRQR3RVWHULRU
PHQWHWDPELpQVLJQLÀFyHOEDMRGHODDUPRQtD,QFOXVRHQHO5RPDQFHUR*HQHUDO
HGGH*RQ]iOH]3DOHQFLD$YROV0DGULGUHFRJHODYDULDQWH©TXH-XVTXtQHQXQPRWHWHªDO
LJXDOTXH&DVWUR$HG3RHVtDVGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHHQ3RHWDVOtULFRVGHORV6LJORV;9,
\;9,,0DGULG%$(SiJV/RTXH&DUUHxRQRH[SOLFDHVODPRWLYDFLyQGHODYDULDQWH
HOP~VLFRGHUHIHUHQFLDGHMDGHVHU*XHUUHURSDUDVHU-RVTXtQGHV3UpV¢"DXWRUGHFX\D
REUD\FRQWUDSXQWRKDEHELGRWRGDODP~VLFDRFFLGHQWDO
6HWUDWDGHOURPDQFH©&XDQGRODURVDGD$XURUDªHG&DUUHxR$RSFLWSiJV\HG
GH&DUUHLUDRSFLWYRO,,SiJV5HFRJHPRVXQDSDUWHGHOURPDQFHDXQTXHQRQRVGHWHQH
PRVHODQiOLVLVGHORVWpUPLQRVWDUHD\DKHFKDSRURWURODGRHQODVDQRWDFLRQHVGH&DUUHLUD&DUUHxR\
4XHURO*DYDOGD©(OPDFKRSLHQVDTXHEDLOD\SRUTXHQRIDOWHVRQ\DTXHKDHQJRPDGRODVFHUGDV
VXUDEHOLOORWRFy'LyOHYLHQWR\IXHRUJDQLOORGRQGHFRQDGPLUDFLyQR\yVXWURPSDHOVROGDGR
\VX]DPSRxDHOSDVWRU4XHLQVWUXPHQWRVPDQXDOHVFRPRRUJDQLOOR\YLROyQWDxDXQPDFKRFRQXQ
RMRQLVHKDYLVWRQLVHR\y1RVyORTXLVRWDxHUVLQRPHWHUXQDYR]\GHELyQHQWHQGHUVXDPR
ODOHWUDGHODFDQFLyQSXHVDXQiUEROTXHGHDTXHOSUDGRSLGLyDSULHVDXQYDUHMyQSDUDOOHYDOOH
HOFRPSiVPDVHOPDFKRQRDJXDUGy+L]RIXJDDFXDWURSLHV\HOPpGLFRODVLJXLyTXHHVEHVWLDO
P~VLFRHOKRPEUH\IXHVLHPSUHHQSURSRUFLyQª
(Q QXHVWUR URPDQFH HQFRQWUDPRV ORV VLJXLHQWHV YHUVRV TXH VHUiQ GHVSXpV FRPHQWDGRV ©/D
FXQDUHDOTXHVRPEUDSUHVWyHQODPHORGtDGHXQUXLVHxRUªYLG&DUUHLUDHG5RPDQFHVRSFLW
YRO,,SiJ
9LG''HYRWR©6XUOHUpSHUWRULHGHVRLVHDX[VSDJQROVª5HYXHGH0XVLFRORJLH/,9
SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
HQVXFRPSRQHQWHPXVLFDO3HURHVWHGRPLQLRQRTXHGDVyORHQODPHUDGLVSR
VLFLyQHORFXWLYD&UHHPRVTXHHVQHFHVDULRHVWDEOHFHUDOPHQRVFRPRKLSyWHVLV
GHWUDEDMRHOKHFKRGHTXHHQXQDPHQWHWDQFRPSOHMDFRPRODGHQXHVWURSRHWD
ODWpFQLFDPXVLFDOVXE\DFHHQOD©HVWUXFWXUDSURIXQGDªGHDOJXQDVGHVXVREUDV
7DOYH]HVWRSXHGDSHUFLELUVHHQOD6ROHGDG3ULPHUD
(VWDUHVRQDQFLDGHODELFRUDOLGDGGHORVFRURVGHODP~VLFDEDUURFD
DOFDQ]DVLQJXODUJUDQGLRVLGDGHQODSULPHUDGHODV6ROHGDGHVGRQGHHO
SURSLR*yQJRUDHVFULEHXQDSDUWHGHODREUDHQGRV&RURVDOWHUQDGRV
&RUR,\&RUR,,FX\DVHVWURIDVWDOODGDVFRQWDQGHVXVDGDVSHUIHFFLyQ
UHPDWDQFRQHOHVWULELOOR©9HQ+LPHQHRYHQYHQ+LPHQHRª(VPX\
SUREDEOHTXH*yQJRUDVRxDVHFRQTXHDOJ~QP~VLFRGHDOWXUDDSOLFDUD
VXVQRWDVDHVWHSRHPDTXHFLHUWDPHQWHSLGHP~VLFD\ODPHUHFHSHUR
VLDOJ~QFRPSRVLWRUORKL]RQRVHVDEHKDVWDODIHFKD
*Ð1*25$ < (/ 520$1&(
0XFKR VH KD GLFKR VREUH OD ©PXVLFDOLGDGª \ HO RtGR GHO SRHWD FRUGREpV
SHUFHSWLEOHHQFDVLWRGRVVXVYHUVRV6LQHPEDUJRQLQJXQDRWUDSDUWHGHVXREUD
FRPRHOFRUSXVGHURPDQFHVPXHVWUDWDQFODUDPHQWHQRVyORVXFDSDFLGDGSDUDHO
DUWLÀFLRIyQLFRVLQRWDPELpQXQDFODUDDVFHQGHQFLDÀORJHQpWLFDGHWLSRPXVLFDO
<DXQDGHODVSULPHUDVSXHUWDVTXHVHDEULHURQDOHVWXGLRGH©ODPXVLFDOLGDGGHO
3ROLIHPRªVHxDODEDTXHODVUDtFHVGHOHQGHFDVtODERJRQJRULQRVHHQFRQWUDEDQ
HQODVFDGHQFLDVGHOURPDQFH
(OURPDQFHQž©$SHyVHHO&DEDOOHURª&DUUHxR$HGRSFLWSiJV\&DUUHLUD$
HGRSFLWSiJVDGDSWDXQRVYHUVRVUHFRJLGRVHQHO&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH3DODFLRQž
HQODQXPHUDFLyQGH%DUELHULHG*RQ]iOH]&XHQFD-0DGULG9LVRU6LQGXGDDOJXQDFXDQGR
*yQJRUDHVFULELy©7LHPSRHVHOFDEDOOHURWLHPSRHVGHDQGDUDTXtTXHWHQJRODPDGUHEUDYD\HO
YHURVVHUiPLÀQªWHQtDHQODFDEH]D¶7LHPSRHVHOOHVFXGHURWLHPSRHVGHDQGDUG·DTXtTX·HOVH
FUHWRVHGHVFXEUH\DQRORSXHGRHQFREULU·(VWHHVXQRGHORVPXFKRVHMHPSORVUHFRJLGRVSRU4XHURO
*DYDOGD&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV
9LG/XLVGH*yQJRUD6ROHGDGHVHG-DPPHV50DGULG&DVWDOLDYYSiJV
4XHURO*DYDOGD&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ$QWHFHGHQDODFLWDXQDVHULH
GHHMHPSORVVDFDGRVGHODREUDJRQJRULQDTXHLOXVWUDQHVWDSROLFRUDOLGDG2IUHFHPRVDTXtORVHMHPSORV
TXHHOWRPDGDQGRODVUHIHUHQFLDVGH0LOOp\*LPpQH]-HG2EUDFRPSOHWDRSFLW©$OVRQGHXQ
OD~GFRQUDPDVTXHHUDQFXHUGDVGHXQODXUHOFRURVDOWHUQDQGR\]DPEUDVªSiJ©$OWHUQHQ
JUDFLDVORVFRURV\UHVSRQGDODFDSLOODªSiJ©(OGXOFHDOWHUQRFDQWRªSiJ©<GHRWURV
DXQTXHEiUEDURVVRQRURVLQVWUXPHQWRVQRHQGRVIHVWLYRVFRURVªSiJ©&RURVWHMLHQGRYRFHV
DOWHUQDQGRªSiJ©DOEODQFRDOWHUQRSLHIXHYXHVWUDULVDHQFXDQWRV\DWHMLyFRURV%HOLVD£2K
FXiQWDDOSHUHJULQRHODPDEHRDOWHUQRFDQWRGXOFHIXHOLVRQMDªSiJHWF«
1RVUHIHULPRVDOHVWXGLRGH&&6PLWK©/DPXVLFDOLGDGGHO3ROLIHPRª5HYLVWDGH)LORORJtD
(VSDxROD;/,9SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
«VHKDHVWDEOHFLGRODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHWLHQHSDUDHOHVWXGLRGHORV
JUDQGHVSRHPDVJRQJRULQRVHOKHFKRGHTXHVXDXWRUFXOWLYDUDWRGDVX
YLGDORVJpQHURVWUDGLFLRQDOHVHQRFWRVtODERV\KH[DVtODERVURPDQFH
URPDQFLOOR« TXH FRQ VX IXHUWH VHQWLGR UtWPLFR VH GHVWLQDEDQ DO
FDQWR\TXL]iWDPELpQDOEDLOH>«@(QODHVWXSHQGDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHO
HQGHFDVtODER JRQJRULQR KDEUi LQÁXLGR OD IDPLOLDULGDG TXH HO SRHWD
WXYRGHVGHVXQLxH]FRQHVWDVIRUPDVFDQWDEOHV\EDLODEOHV\KDEUiQ
LQÁXLGRWDPELpQORVIUXWRVGHXQVLJORGHH[SHULPHQWRVFRQHOHQGHFD
VtODERUHDOL]DGRVHQ,WDOLD\HQ(VSDxD$PEDVIXHQWHVGHLQVSLUDFLyQ
OHOOHYDURQDOSRHWDQRVyORDFDUJDUGHULWPRVHOYHUVRVLQRWDPELpQD
WUDWDUGHREWHQHUDVRQDQFLDVWLSRURPDQFHGHQWURGHOYHUVR\GHQWUR
GHODHVWURIDWRGRHOORVLQWRPDUHQFXHQWDODFRQVRQDQFLDFRPSOHWD
RULPDÀQDODTXHREOLJDEDODRFWDYDULPDª
1RVHSXHGHQSHUGHUGHYLVWDSXHVODVFRQGLFLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGHOURPDQ
FH FRPR JpQHUR KLVWyULFR FDQWDGR &yPR VH HQWRQDEDQ ORV URPDQFHV GH ODV
6LOYDVTXpWRQRVDFRPSDxDEDQDORVWH[WRVSRpWLFRVRTXpP~VLFDVHHMHFX
9LG 6PLWK & & ©/D PXVLFDOLGDG GHO 3ROLIHPRª RS FLW SiJ (VWD LQIRUPDFLyQ HV
SUHFHGLGD SRU OD VLJXLHQWH ©/D SRHVtD GH *yQJRUD WLHQH TXL]i PiV HQFDQWRV SDUD HO RtGR GHO OHFWRU R
GHOOHFWRUR\HQWHVLHVTXHOHHFRPRGHELHUDHQDOWDYR]TXHFXDOTXLHURWUDSRHVtDHVSDxROD\HVVLQ
QLQJ~QJpQHURGHGXGDVODSRHVtDPiVPXVLFDOTXHVHSURGXMRHQHO6LJORGH2URHQHOFXDOORVSRHWDV
³HUXGLWRVUHQDFHQWLVWDV³HVFULELHURQHQPXFKRVFDVRVXQDSRHVtDGHDGPLUDEOHFRQWHQLGRLQWHOHFWXDO
SHURGHHVFDVRSODFHUSDUDHORtGRÔOWLPDPHQWHORVHGLWRUHV\HQVD\LVWDVHQFDEH]DGRVVLHPSUHHQHVWRV
HVWXGLRVSRUODPDJQDÀJXUDGH'iPDVR$ORQVRKDQOODPDGRODDWHQFLyQVREUHHODPRUTXH*yQJRUD
WHQtDDODP~VLFD\KDQVXEUD\DGRP~OWLSOHVUHIHUHQFLDVHQVXREUDDODVVHQVDFLRQHVDXGLWLYDV\DDORV
LQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVªSiJ
6REUH HO URPDQFH YLG %DHKU 5 0DQXDO GH YHUVLÀFDFLyQ HVSDxROD 0DGULG *UHGRV SiJV\DFX\DELEOLRJUDItDUHPLWLPRVSiJV3DUDHVWHDXWRU©HOURPDQFHDOFDQ]yVX
SHUIHFFLyQIRUPDO\VXPiVDPSOLDGLYXOJDFLyQVREUHWRGRJUDFLDVDOXVRHQHOWHDWURGHVGHÀQHVGHOVLJOR
;9,KDVWDPHGLDGRVGHO;9,,/RVJUDQGHVPDHVWURVVRQ/RSHGH9HJD*yQJRUD\4XHYHGRDSHQDV
KD\XQSRHWDFRQRFLGRGHORV6LJORVGH2URTXHQRKD\FXOWLYDGRHOURPDQFH/RVDGHODQWRVPpWULFRV
VHGHEHQDVXUHJXODUL]DFLyQFRQVHFXHQWH\DQRVHDGPLWHQODVULPDVFRQVRQDQWHVRVyORHQHOFDVRGH
TXHHVWpQPX\GLVWDQWHVODDVRQDQFLDDJXGDVHWROHUDWDQVyORHQURPDQFHVVDWtULFRVRUHOLJLRVRVHQHO
SULPHURFRPRUHFXUVRGHHIHFWRFyPLFR\HQHOVHJXQGRSRUODP~VLFD\HQODVRWUDVFODVHVGHURPDQFHV
GHVDSDUHFH/DRUJDQL]DFLyQVLQWiFWLFDFRQODGLVSRVLFLyQREOLJDWRULDHQFXDUWHWDVVHYXHOYHPiVÁXLGD
(QFDGDFXDUWHWDVyORHQWUDXQIUDVHFRQXQLGDGRUDFLRQDOVLPSOHRFRPSOHMDRELHQGRVFRQODH[WHQVLyQ
GHGRVRFWRVtODERVFDGDXQD(VWD~OWLPDPDQHUDUHVXOWDVREUHWRGRDGHFXDGDSDUDHOGLiORJRGUDPiWLFRª
SiJ(VWDFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQQRVVLUYHGHEDVHSDUDODVUHÁH[LRQHVSRVWHULRUHVHOURPDQFHHVFRJLGR
WLHQHULPDDJXGDVLQVHUUHOLJLRVRWDOYH]PRWLYDGRSRUODP~VLFD3RURWURODGRQROLPLWDVXHVWUXFWXUD
RUDFLRQDODODHVWUXFWXUDHVWUyÀFD9LGWDPELpQ1DYDUUR7RPiV70pWULFDHVSDxROD%DUFHORQD/DERU
SiJV\VV
3DUDFRQRFHUORVDQWHFHGHQWHVPXVLFDOHVGHOURPDQFHGHO;9,,YLG4XHURO*DYDOGD0©(O
URPDQFHSROLIyQLFRGHORVVLJOR;9\;9,ªHQ7UDQVFULSFLyQHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODSROLIRQtDHVSDxROD
GHORVVLJORV;9\;9,RSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
WDEDHQODVÀHVWDVSDODFLHJDVVLJXHQVLHQGRSDUDQRVRWURVHQSDUWHLQFyJQLWDV
TXHWRGDYtDQRVLQFRPRGDQ$TXHOORTXHQRVKDOOHJDGRDWUDYpVGHODVREUDV
PXVLFDOHVFRQVHUYDGDVSURFHGHGHODpOLWHVRFLDOGHODFRUWHQRVRQHOFRUSXV
GHFRPSRVLFLRQHVSRpWLFDVTXHVHFDQWDURQHQHO6LJORGH2URVLQRXQFRUSXV
PX\UHGXFLGRGHpVWDVWUDQVIRUPDGRHQHOSURFHVRGHWUDQVPLVLyQ(QODFRQ
ÀJXUDFLyQ TXH$QWRQLR &DUUHxR KDFH GHO FDPLQR KDFLD HO ©URPDQFH QXHYRª
FRQVDJUDGR\DHQ)ORUGH9DULRV5RPDQFHV1XHYRV\&DQFLRQHVUHFRSLODGRV
SRU3HGURGH0RQFD\RVHQRVGLFHORVLJXLHQWH
,QFOX\H 0RQFD\R XQ EXHQ Q~PHUR GH URPDQFHV TXH FRUUtDQ HQ
ERFDGHORVP~VLFRVHVWUDJDGRVDOJXQRVDEUHYLDGRVRDOWHUDGRVRWURV
$OIRU]DPLHQWRGHODDVRQDQFLDRGHOYHUVRRFWRVtODERHQVXFRUUHV
SRQGHQFLDFRQ OD PHORGtDPXVLFDODOXGH pVWH HQ HO ©3UyORJRª D ODV
SULPHUDVSDUWHVGH)ORU%DUFHORQDVHxDODQGRWDOHVYDULDQWHV
FRPR©PDOGLFLRQHVTXHWRGRVORVP~VLFRVPHGDQDXQTXHpVWDVFRPR
PDOGLFLRQHVGHPDGUDVWUDODVWHPRSRFRª<DxDGH©«HVJUDQGtVPR
HQIDGRYpUVHORVWLUDQL]DUFRPRVLSDUDHOORVVRORVVHKXELHVHKHFKR
VLHQGR SRU OD PD\RU SDUWH HOORV TXLHQ PHQRV OR VDEHQ HQWHQGHUª<
HQODVSpVLPDVDGDSWDFLRQHVGHORVP~VLFRVLQFLGHQ6HEDVWLiQ9pOH]
GH*XHYDUDHQ&XDUWD\4XLQWD3DUWHGH)ORUGH5RPDQFHV%XUJRV
\ 3HGUR )ORUHV DPERV VH GLULJHQ ©$O OHFWRUª HQ 5DPLOOHWH
GH)ORUHV/LVERD/RTXHLQGLFDHOJUDQSRGHUGHODWRQDGD
PXVLFDOFRPRPHGLRGLIXVRUGHO©URPDQFHURQXHYRªFX\RVDXWRUHV
VLELHQDQyQLPRVOOHJDUiQDVHUUHFRQRFLGRVSRHWDVFXOWRV(QHVWH
JpQHURGDUiQVXVSULPHURVSDVRVFRQVDJUiQGRVHÀQDOPHQWHDOPHQRV
GRV GH HOORV *yQJRUD \ /RSH FRPR JUDQGHV OtULFRV (Q URPDQFHV
UHÁHMDUiQ ODV PiV VREUHVDOLHQWHV SHFXOLDUHV GH VX HVWLOR 3HUR HVWD
& 9DOFiUFHO QRV LQIRUPD GHO VXVWUDWR SRSXODU \ GHO SURFHVR GH WUDQVPLVLyQ ©/D ODERU GHO
MXJODUVHKDEtDELIXUFDGRODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVVLJXLHURQGLIXQGLpQGRVHWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHHQWUHHOSXHEOR
PLHQWUDVTXHORVFRPSRVLWRUHVFRUWHVDQRVSRUVXSDUWHDGRSWDURQHVWRVWHPDVFRQRFLGRVSDVDQGRRQR
SRUODVPDQRVGHXQSRHWDWUDQVIRUPiQGRORVHQFRPSRVLFLRQHVSROLIyQLFDV\ÀMiQGRORVSRUPHGLRGHOD
HVFULWXUD(QHVWHSURFHVRHOFRPSRVLWRUSRGtDUHVSHWDUODPHORGtDRULJLQDULDHQULTXHFLpQGRODDUPyQLFD
RSROLIyQLFDPHQWHUHIRU]DQGRDVtVXFDUiFWHUH[SUHVLYRSRGtDFUHDQGRXQDPHORGtDRULJLQDO\SURSLD
PH]FODUODFRQPDWHULDOHVWUDGLFLRQDOHVEXVFDGRVDSURSyVLWRRSRUTXHUHWRUQDQFRPRHFRVGHPHORGtDV
DQFODGRVHQODPHPRULDSRSXODURELHQSRGtDPRGLÀFDUODPHORGtDWUDGLFLRQDO³UHVSHWDQGRRQRDOJXQRV
DFRUGHVTXHODUHFRUGDUD³GDQGROXJDUDXQDQXHYDFRPSRVLFLyQªYLG9DOFiUFHO&©3UREOHPDVGHHGL
FLyQGHORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVHQHO6LJORGH2URªRSFLWSiJV/DSURIHVRUD*DUFtDGH(QWHUUtD
DWULEX\HLQFLGHHQHOHVWXGLRGHODOLWHUDWXUDGHFRUGHOSDUDHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHORVFDQWDEOHVGLIXQGLGRV
HQODpSRFD9LG*DUFtDGH(QWHUUtD0&©%DLOHVURPDQFHVYLOODQFLFRVPRGRVGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQGH
FRPSRVLFLRQHVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVªHQ9LUJLOL%ODQTXHW0$HWDOLLHGV0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQOD
3HQtQVXOD,EpULFDRSFLWSiJ
*yQJRUD/XLVGH5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHxR$RSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
VXPLVLyQ GHO WH[WR OtULFR D ODV H[LJHQFLDV PXVLFDOHV IRU]DQGR OD
ÁH[LyQRFWRVLOiELFD\DFHQWXDQGRODHQWRQDFLyQHOULWPRRYDULDQGR
ODDVRQDQFLDFUHDUiXQJUDQSUREOHPDWH[WXDOGHYDULDQWHV\HUUyQHDV
DWULEXFLRQHVVXEUD\DGRQXHVWUR
(VWRVUHSURFKHVDORVP~VLFRVFRPRELHQGLFH&DUUHLUDQHFHVLWDQVHUUHFRU
GDGRV SDUD YDORUDU OD RULJLQDOLGDG GHO URPDQFH JRQJRULQR VREUH WRGR HQ OR
TXHFRQFLHUQHDOURPDQFHKH[DVLOiELFR
9HDPRVGHTXpPRGRDFW~DQODVFRQGLFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVVHxDODGDV(OURPDQFH
LPSOLFDXQDXQLGDGGHFRPSRVLFLyQOLEUHHQFXDQWRDVXVGLPHQVLRQHV\DXQTXH
SRGDPRVHQFRQWUDUORDUWLFXODGRHQXQLGDGHVH[SUHVLYDVGHFXDWURYHUVRVHVWDFD
UDFWHUtVWLFDQRIRUPDSDUWHHVHQFLDOGHVXFRQGLFLyQ/DVPHORGtDVPiVDQWLJXDV
TXHFRQVHUYDPRVVHGLVSRQHQHQXQLGDGHVGHGLHFLVpLVQRWDVWDO\FRPRRFXUUH
FRQ)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDV([LVWHQWDPELpQSHUtRGRVPXVLFDOHVGHWUHLQWD\GRVQRWDV
³IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQHO&DQFLRQHURGH3DODFLR³SHURQRH[LVWHQXQLGDGHV
GHRFKRQRWDVORTXHHYLGHQFLDTXHHOSDWUyQGHFRPSRVLFLyQ\FRQWHQLGRHQ
HOURPDQFHQRHVHORFWRVtODERVLQRTXHDQWHVELHQODKRUPDQRGHMDGHVHUHO
*yQJRUD/XLVGH5RPDQFHV&DUUHxR$HGRSFLWSiJV,QPHGLDWDPHQWHGHVSXpV
VHxDODODYDORUDFLyQGH%DUEDGLOOR©$HVWHUHVSHFWRDOXGH%DUEDGLOORGH(OFRUWHVDQRGHVFRUWpV©0H
FDQVDPXFKRYHUWHVLHPSUHWDQGHVSLHUWRHQHOWRQR\WDQGRUPLGRHQODOHWUDDSHQDVFDQWDVFRSODVLQ
WURSH]DUHQDOJ~QGLVSDUDWHGHPRGRTXHHOURPDQFHPiVYLHQHDVHUWX\RTXHGHOFRPSRVLWRUª0RWLYDGR
SRUWDOHVH[LJHQFLDVPXVLFDOHVQDFHQGRVHOHPHQWRVOtULFRVOD¶OHWULOOD·\HO¶HVWULELOOR·<GDGRHOFRPSiV
FRUWR \ DOHJUH GH OD SDUWLWXUD GH YDULDV WRQDGDV HO URPDQFLOOR KH[DVLOiELFR VREUH WRGR FRQ *yQJRUD
DGTXLULUiFRPRYHUHPRVJUDQDWHQFLyQ/DHYROXFLyQ\YDULHGDGGHODVQXHYDVIRUPDVOtULFDVFRUUtDQ
SDUDOHODVFRQODVGHO¶URPDQFHQXHYRªSiJHOVXEUD\DGRHVQXHVWUR
9LG &DUUHLUD$ ©/RV URPDQFHV GH *yQJRUD7UDQVPLVLyQ \ UHFHSFLyQª (GDG GH 2UR ;,,
SiJV /D FLWD HQWHUD HV FRPR VLJXH ©(VWR QRV OOHYD D OD GpFDGD GH ORV HQ TXH VH
LPSULPHQODVSULPHUDV)ORUHVGHURPDQFHVQXHYRV\WDQWRHOORFRPRORTXHVLJXHKDVWDODVHGLFLRQHV
GHO5RPDQFHUR*HQHUDO³ODVPRGDVKLFLHURQIXURUSULPHUR\IXHURQOXHJRSDURGLDGDVODSROpPLFDTXH
VXVFLWDURQORVGHQXHVWRVFRQWUDP~VLFRVTXHPXWLODEDQHVWURSHDEDQ\WULYLDOL]DEDQFXDQWRFDtDHQVXV
PDQRVDODYH]TXHORGLIXQGtDQ\WDQWRVRWURVDVXQWRFRQH[RV³KDVLGRUHSHWLGR\JORVDGRP~OWLSOHV
YHFHVDOD]DJDGH0HQpQGH]3LGDO0RQWHVLQR\5RGUtJXH]0RxLQR$KRUDVyORQHFHVLWDPRVUHFRUGDUOR
\WHQHUORSUHVHQWHSDUDSRQHUHQVXSXQWRXQDVSHFWRGH*yQJRUDSRFRYDORUDGRKDVWDORVHVWXGLRVGH
5REHU-DPPHVODRULJLQDOLGDGGHVXVWHPDVURPDQFHULOHV\HOLPSDFWRTXHKXELHURQGHFDXVDUHQOHFWRUHV
\DPDQXHQVHV(VWRUHTXLHUHGDUXQUHSDVRDODIRUPDFRPRKDQOOHJDGRKDVWDQRVRWURVHVRVURPDQFHV
\DOOXJDUTXHRFXSDQHQWUHHOUHVWRGHVXREUDªSiJ
6REUH HO URPDQFLOOR JRQJRULQR YLG *yQJRUD /XLV GH 5RPDQFHV &DUUHxR$ HG RS FLW
SiJV
(Q HO FDVR GH OD GLVSRVLFLyQ HQ FXDUWHWDV OD DVRQDQFLD HQ OD ULPD WLHQH TXH VHU PDQWHQLGD
SXHVWRTXHVLFDPELDGHVSXpVGHFDGDFXDUWHWDWHQGUtDPRVTXHKDEODUQR\DGHURPDQFHVLQRGHFXDUWHWDV
DVRQDQWDGDV
6DOLQDV)6LHWH/LEURVVREUHP~VLFDRSFLWSiJV\
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
PRGHORGHXQRRGRVYHUVRVGHGLHFLVpLVVtODEDV(OKHFKRGHTXHHQODVJORVDV
GHXQURPDQFHVHUH~QHQGRVRFWRVtODERVMXQWRVIDYRUHFHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHTXH
ORVYHUVRVGHOURPDQFHSULPLWLYRIXHVHQODUJRV(QHVWHVHQWLGRODHSDUDJyJLFD
GHORVDQWLJXRVURPDQFHVIXHH[SOLFDGDSRU)UDQFLVFR6DOLQDVFRPRUHVXOWDGRGH
ODVH[LJHQFLDVGHODP~VLFDDXQTXHVHJ~QREVHUYD%HMDUDQRQRGHEDEDVWDUQRV
FRQ©HODSUHPLRGHOFDQWRSDUDH[SOLFDUSRUTXpKDGHVHUSUHFLVDPHQWHODH\
QRRWUDYRFDOODHVFRJLGDSDUDXQWLHPSRGHOFRPSiVª
2WURDVSHFWRHVODGLVWULEXFLyQGHOURPDQFHHQFXDUWHWDVRFWRVLOiELFDV%DHKU
DSHQDVHQWUDHQHVWDFXHVWLyQGiQGRODSUiFWLFDPHQWHSRUUHJXODUL]DGDDÀQDOHV
GHO;9,3DUD&DUUHxRHOXVRGHODFXDUWHWDRFWRVLOiELFDFRQULPDDVRQDQWH
HQORVYHUVRVSDUHVVHLPSRQHHQHOURPDQFHQXHYRDSDUWLUGHPRWLYDQGR
WDOGLVSRVLFLyQSRUODSUHVHQFLDGHORVP~VLFRV'HVGHODSUHFHSWLYDGHODpSRFD
WDQWR SDUD &DUYDOOR FRPR SDUD &DUDPXHO OD GLYLVLyQ HVWUyÀFD GHO URPDQFH
HVWiELHQFODUD3DUD/XLV$OIRQVRGH&DUYDOORORVURPDQFHVYDQGHVWLQDGRVDO
©(QHVWHFDVRVHKDEODUtDFRQPiVUD]RQHVGHSDUHDGRTXHGHFXDUWHWDVªYLG%DHKU50DQXDO
GHYHUVLÀFDFLyQHVSDxRODRSFLWSiJ
8QDVHOHFFLyQGHPHORGtDVVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOÀQDOGHOYRO,GHO5RPDQFHURGH0HQpQGH]3LGDO
HVWDEOHFLGDSRU*RQ]DOR0HQpQGH]3LGDO9LGWDPELpQ0DUWtQH]7RQHU(©,QGLFDFLRQHVSUiFWLFDVVREUH
ODQRWDFLyQPXVLFDOGHORVURPDQFHVª5HYLVWDGH)LORORJtD(VSDxROD;SiJV©(QVD\R
GHODFODVLÀFDFLyQGHODVPHORGtDVGHURPDQFHªHQ+RPHQDMHD0HQpQGH]3LGDO,,0DGULGSiJV
6REUHODUHODFLyQGHP~VLFD\PpWULFDHQHOURPDQFHYLG''HYRWR©3RpVLHHWPXVLTXHGDQV
O·RHXYUHGHVYLKXHOLVWHVª$QQDOHVPXVLFRORJLTXHV,9SiJ
9LG('tH](FKDUUL7HRUtDVPpWULFDVGHO6LJORGH2UR0DGULG&6,&SiJ
0%HMDUDQR/DFLHQFLDGHOYHUVRSUyORJRGH$QWRQLR$WLHQ]D0HGUDQR0DGULGSiJ
©(QVXDVSHFWRIRUPDOHOURPDQFHVHHVWDEOHFHGHÀQLWLYDPHQWHHQODSRHVtDFXOWDGHOVLJOR;9,
FRPRXQYHUVRRFWRVtODERLVRVLOiELFR\VHUHGXFHFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHODDVRQDQFLDDJXGDHQIDYRUGHOD
OODQDELVtODED'HVGH*DEULHO/RER/DVVRGHOD9HJDVHDVHJXUDODGLVSRVLFLyQHQFXDUWHWDVFRPR
XQLGDGGHFRPSRVLFLyQ\DHOODVHDVSLUDFRQVHFXHQWHPHQWHªYLG%DHKU50DQXDOGHYHUVLÀFDFLyQ
FDVWHOODQDRSFLWSiJ
6REUHHORFWRVtODERYLG%DHKU50DQXDOGHPpWULFDHVSDxRODRSFLWSiJV%DV
WDQWHUHYHODGRUHVVRQORVWHVWLPRQLRVTXHUHFRJH'tH](FKDUULVREUHHORFWRVtODER©¢4XpGLFHQDWRGR
HVWR QXHVWURV WUDWDGLVWDV GHO 6LJOR GH 2UR" 3RFD FRVD 3UHÀHUHQ HVWXGLDUOR HQ FDGD XQR GH VXV WLSRV
URPDQFHUHGRQGLOODTXHEUDGRHWFPHMRUTXHHQVXDVSHFWRJHQHUDO7RGRVDQGDQFRQWHVWHVHQTXH
HVXQYHUVRSRSXODUQDFLGRSDUDODP~VLFDª7HRUtDVPpWULFDVGHO6LJORGH2URRSFLWSiJ0iV
DGHODQWHVHFHQWUDHQ&DUDPXHO©&DUDPXHOKDEODQGRGHORFWRVtODERHQVHQWLGRJHQHUDOKHSWDPHWURSDUD
pOQRVRUSUHQGHFRQXQDGHVXVIUHFXHQWHVLQJHQXLGDGHV¶7RGRVORVRWURVWLSRVGHYHUVRSURFHGHQGH
ODLQGXVWULDpVWHVyORHVKLMRHVSRQWiQHRGHODQDWXUDOH]DSXHVKDVWDORVDQLPDOHVTXHFDUHFHQGHUD]yQ
DFRPRGDQDpOVXVFDQWRV·<HQFRPSUREDFLyQFLWDD$WDQDVLR.LUFKHUHOFXDOQRVKDEODGHFLHUWRSH]
OODPDGR¶3V\SKLDV·DOTXHVyORVHDSUHVDUHFLWiQGROHXQRVFXDQWRVYHUVRVGHHVWHFRUWHªSiJ/D
DOXVLyQD.LUFKHUHVLPSRUWDQWHSXHVWRTXHHVWHDXWRUHODERUDHQVX0XVXUJLD8QLYHUVDOLV5RPD
XQFRPSOHMRHGLÀFLRHVWpWLFRVREUHHOIHQyPHQRPXVLFDO
3DUD&DUDPXHO©&DGDHVWURIDGHEHVHUGHFXDWUROtQHDVªHQ'tH](FKDUUL(7HRUtDVPpWULFDV
GHO6LJORGH2URRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
FDQWR\pVWHQRH[LJHSDXVDÀQDOGHFOiXVXODFDGDFXDWURYHUVRV(QFXDQWRD
ORVURPDQFHVGHODpSRFDTXHQRWLHQHQHVWDGLVSRVLFLyQLQGLFDTXHHVWRVQRVH
HVFULEtDQSDUDVHUFDQWDGRVVLQRGHVWLQDGRVDOSODFHUGHODOHFWXUD
(V FLHUWR TXH HQ *yQJRUD HQFRQWUDPRV HVWD GLVWULEXFLyQ HQ FXDUWHWDV TXH
FRQOOHYDQXQFODURVLPEROLVPRIyQLFR6LQHPEDUJRKD\DOJXQRVFDVRVFRPR
HOTXHDTXtQRVRFXSDGRQGHHOSHULRGRJUDPDWLFDODEDUFDPiVGHXQDHVWURID
¢VHSXHGHSHQVDUDTXtTXHSXHVWRTXHVHURPSHODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQHQFXDUWHWDV
*yQJRUDQRSHQVDED³VHJ~QODSUHFHSWLYDGH&DUYDOOR³HQODSRVLEOHPXVL
FDOL]DFLyQGHOURPDQFH"+D\RWURVIDFWRUHV³HOKHFKRGHTXHVHDXQURPDQFH
HQGLiORJRDSWRSDUDHOFRQWUDSXQWRLPLWDWLYR³TXHLQFLGHQHQODRULHQWDFLyQ
PXVLFDO GHO URPDQFH ³VHJ~Q SRGUi YHUVH³ DO PDUJHQ GH VX GLVSRVLFLyQ HV
WUyÀFD1RFDEHGXGDVLQHPEDUJRGHTXHHVWDUHJXODUL]DFLyQIRUPDOWXYRVX
RULJHQWDQWRHQHOSHVRGHXQDWUDGLFLyQFDQWDGDFRPRHQODSUR\HFFLyQGHXQRV
QXHYRVURPDQFHVTXHVHGHVWLQDEDQDOFDQWR³DFWLYLGDGDODTXHQRSHUPDQHFLy
DMHQDIRUPDGHODP~VLFDSURIDQDFXOWLYDGDHQODFRUWH
©$GYHUWLG TXH DXQTXH HO FRQVRQDQWH GHXH GXUDU WRGR HO 5RPDQFH KDVWD DFDEDUVH FRQ WRGR
HVVR YD GLXLGLHQGRVH HO VHWLGR GH TXDWUR HQ TXDWUR YHUVRV D PDQHUD GH TXDUWLOOD TXLHUR GH]LU TXH HQ
FDGDTXDWURYHUVRVVHKDGHSHUÀFLRQDUHOVHQWLGRVRPRVLIXHUDXQDFRSOD\QRGH[DUOHSHQGLHQWHSDUD
ODVLJXLHQWHFXDUWLOOD3RUTXHODSULQFLSDOJUDFLDGHO5RPDQFHHVWiHQODWRQDGD<HVWDVHFRPSUHKHQGH
\ DFDXD FDGD TXDWUR YHUVRV \ DQVL SHUÀFLRQDQGRVH OD WRQDGD QR HV FRQXHQLHQWH TXH SXHGH HO VHQWLGR
SHQGLHQWHSRUTXHRUDHQUHSHWLUHOSRVWUHURYHUVRRUDHQWRFDUHOLQVWUXPHQWRRHQGHVFDQVDUHOTXHOR
FDQWDVHGLXLHUWHHOVHQWLGR\VHSLHUGHKLORGHORTXHVHYDGL]LHQGRª9LG&DUYDOOR/XLV$OIRQVR(O
FLVQHGH$SRORHG$3RUTXHUDV0D\R0DGULG&6,&SiJ9LGLJXDOPHQWH5HQJLIR$UWH
SRpWLFDHVSDxROD0DGULGFDS;;;,,,SiJ3DUDLOXVWUDUHVWDFXHVWLyQHQODSUHFHSWLYDGHOD
pSRFDYLG3DVWRU&RPtQ--©6REUHHOURPDQFHURPXVLFDOGH/RSHGH9HJDªHQODSXEOLFDFLyQGHODV
$FWDVGHO,,&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH/RSHGH9HJD$QXDULRGH/RSHGH9HJD%DUFHORQDQžSiJV
>HQSUHQVD@
3DUD$QWRQLR&DUUHxRKD\XQDFODUDDVRFLDFLyQHQWUHWHPDV\DVRQDQFLDVORFXDO©UHYHODXQD
FRQFLHQFLDDF~VWLFD\PXVLFDOHQ*yQJRUD³WHPDD~QYLUJHQ«ª*yQJRUD/XLVGH5RPDQFHVHGGH
&DUUHxR$RSFLWSiJ
3DUDODGLVSRVLFLyQHVWUyÀFDGHOURPDQFHYLG0RUOH\6*©$UHWKH6SDQLVK5RPDQFHV:ULW
WHQLQ4XDWUDLQV"³DQG2WKHU4XHVWLRQVª5RPDQLF5HYLHZ9,,SiJV&LURW&©/H
PRXYHPHQWTXDWHUQDLUHGDQVOHVURPDQFHVª%XOOHWLQ+LVSDQLTXH;;,SiJV6ZHGHOLXV
%)©,VWKH6SDQLVK5RPDQFH$OZD\V4XDWHUQDU\"ª0RGHUQ/DQJXDJH1RWHV;;;,;SiJV
5HFRJHPRVDTXtHOSODQWHDPLHQWRGH&DUPHQ9DOFiUFHO©$OVHUHOURPDQFHXQDVHULHLOLPLWDGD
GHYHUVRVORVFRPSRVLWRUHVFUHDURQODP~VLFDSDUDORVSULPHURVYHUVRVP~VLFDTXHSRGtDUHSHWLUVHODV
YHFHVTXHKLFLHUDIDOWDKDVWDWHUPLQDUFRQHOURPDQFHFRPSOHWR$XQTXHODFRPSRVLFLyQHQFXDUWHWDVGHO
URPDQFHIXHDPSOLDPHQWHGHEDWLGDDSULQFLSLRVGHHVWHVLJORSRU0RUOH\ORVFLHUWRHVTXHORVURPDQFHV
SUHVHQWDQXQDHVWUXFWXUDWHWUiVWLFDWDQWRVLHOFRPSRVLWRUHVFULEHVRODPHQWHFXDWURSLHVGHURPDQFHFRPR
VL VH H[WLHQGH HQ OD WUDQVFULSFLyQ GH XQD SDUWH PiV DOWD OD P~VLFD VH UHSLWH FDGD FXDWUR YHUVRV (Q HO
FDVRGHORV YLKXHOLVWDV HV QRUPDO TXH XQD PLVPD PHORGtD DEDUTXH GRV FXDUWHWDV SDUD FDPELDU HQ ODV
GRVVLJXLHQWHVªYLG©3UREOHPDVGHHGLFLyQGHORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVªRSFLWSiJ(VWRVHFXPSOH
HQODPXVLFDOL]DFLyQTXH*DEULHO'tD]KDFHGHOURPDQFHJRQJRULQR(VWRSXHGHYHUVHFODUDPHQWHHQOR
URPDQFHVTXHVRQFDQWDGRVFRQIRUPDGHYLOODQFLFRFRPRRFXUUHFRQHOQXHVWUR©(QHOVLJOR;9,,HO
Q~PHURGHFRSODVVHDPSOtDHQRUPHPHQWHFRPRODHGLFLyQHUDFDUDWDQVyORVHDQRWDEDPXVLFDOPHQWH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
(OFDUiFWHUHVWUyÀFRDQWHVWUDWDGRDFHUFDDOURPDQFHDRWURJpQHURELHQFR
QRFLGRSRU*yQJRUDODOHWULOOD3DUD&DUUHLUD©HOURPDQFHFRPRVHVDEHSXHGH
DGRSWDUXQDIRUPDSVHXGRHVWUyÀFDTXHORDFHUFDDODOHWULOOD³HOOODPDGRURPDQFH
FRQHVWULELOOR³\HQWRQFHVUHVXOWDPX\DSURSLDGRSDUDHIXVLRQHVOtULFDVªLGHD
TXHKDVLGRFRQÀUPDGDSRUHOSURIHVRU*DUFtD%HUULR©ODOHWULOODSXHGHRIUHFHU
ODLPDJHQGHXQGLVFXUVRQDUUDWLYRRH[SRVLWLYR>«@DGRSWDQGRHOGLVFXUVRHQ
HVWHFDVRODHVWUXFWXUDGHVXFHVLYLGDGSUy[LPDDOURPDQFHQDUUDWLYRª
(QFRQWUDPRV SXHV XQD PXWXD SHUPHDELOLGDG GLVFXUVLYLGDG QDUUDWLYD HQ OD
OHWULOODHVWULELOOROtULFRHQHOURPDQFH&XDQGRQRVFHQWUHPRVHQHODQiOLVLVGHO
URPDQFHTXHSXVRHQP~VLFD*DEULHO'tD]VHYHUiPX\FODUDPHQWHFXiOHVHO
WUDWDPLHQWR\ODUHOHYDQFLDTXHHOFRPSRVLWRUKDFRQFHGLGRDOHVWULELOORHQWRGR
PiVLQWHUHVDQWHTXHODFXDUWHWDGRQGHODYDULHGDGPpWULFDGHOHVWULELOORHVDOJR
PiVFRPSOHMDDOLJXDOTXHVXFRQWHQLGR\WRQR3DUD$QWRQLR&DUUHxR
GDGR TXH VX DGRSFLyQ VH GHEH D UD]RQHV PXVLFDOHV GLItFLOPHQWH
SURGXFH XQD GLYLVLyQ FRQFHSWXDO HQ OD FRPSRVLFLyQ TXH OR LQVHUWD
(V DMHQR HQ HVWH VHQWLGR DO URPDQFH VH HQFXHQWUD VXHOWR \ WRPDGR
FRQ IUHFXHQFLD GH FRQRFLGDV FRPSRVLFLRQHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV 'H DKt
LQVLVWLPRV TXH OD UHODFLyQ WHPiWLFD HQWUH URPDQFH \ HVWULELOOR VHD
HVFDVD\TXHFRQIUHFXHQFLDODUHSHWLFLyQSDUDOHOtVWLFDFRQFHSWXDOR
Op[LFDFRQYDULDFLRQHVVLQRQtPLFDVRLQYHUWLGDVVHDQVXVUDVJRVPiV
VREUHVDOLHQWHV/RTXHLPSOLFDHOFDUiFWHUPXVLFDOGHXQEXHQQ~PHUR
GHURPDQFHVGH*yQJRUDVREUHWRGRORVHVFULWRVHQODVGRV~OWLPDV
GHFDGDVGHOVLJOR;9,
(VWD IDOWD GH UHODFLyQ SXHGH GDUVH HQ DOJXQRV FDVRV DXQTXH QR VLHPSUH
(Q ©3RU ODV IDOGDV GHO$WODQWHª VRUSUHQGH VX HVWULELOOR SRUTXH DSDUHQWHPHQWH
XQDGHODVFRSODV\HOHVWULELOOR%DVWDUtDHQHVWRVFDVRVWUDQVFULELUODVFRSODVUHVWDQWHVFRQODDGLFLyQ
>FRSOD@>FRSOD@«(OHVWULELOOROODPDGRWDPELpQ(VWULYR³FRPRHQ©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHª
VHJXUDPHQWHVHUHSHWLUtDVLHPSUHDOÀQDOGHFDGDFRSODVLQHPEDUJRQRVHWUDQVFULEHFDVLQXQFDHQWHUR
VHVHxDODHWWDRXQDGHODVSULPHUDVSDODEUDVSXHVODPHORGtDHUDUHGXQGDQWH\HOWH[WR\DHVWDED
GDGR\DSUHQGLGRª,ELGSiJVVXEUD\DGRQXHVWUR
9LG&DUUHLUD$©/RVURPDQFHVGH*yQJRUD7UDQVPLVLyQ\UHFHSFLyQªRSFLWSiJ
*DUFtD%HUULR$©/DVOHWULOODVGH*yQJRUD(VWUXFWXUDSUDJPiWLFD\OLULFLGDGGHOJpQHURª(GDG
GH2UR,,SiJVSiJ(VQHFHVDULRUHWHQHUODSRVLELOLGDGGHXQD©FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQOtULFDª
GHOURPDQFHTXHSUHVHQWDPRVODIRUPDURPDQFHFRQHVWULELOORDUWLFXODHOOLULVPRGHOFRQWHQLGR
'HEHUtDPRVSUHJXQWDUQRVKDVWDTXpSXQWRHVWHGHVLJXDOWUDWDPLHQWRGHXQDSDUWHFRQUHVSHFWR
DRWUDVHGHEHDODGHFLVLyQSHUVRQDOGHOFRPSRVLWRURDPRWLYDFLRQHVSUDJPiWLFDVFRPRSRGUtDVHUHO
FDVRGHXQHVWULELOORSRSXODUPHQWHFRQRFLGRIUHQWHDOGHXQURPDQFHDFDVRPiVH[WUDxR
9LG*yQJRUD/XLVGH5RPDQFHVHGGH&DUUHxR$RSFLWSiJ&DUUHxRVHxDODDOJXQRV
URPDQFHVTXHWDPELpQWLHQHQXQHVWULELOORGLDORJDGR©$OFDPSRVDOLyHOHVWtRªQž©&XiQWRVVLOERV
FXiQWDVYRFHVªQžFLWDGRVDWUDYpVGHVXHGLFLyQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
QRHVWiPRWLYDGR0iVDGHODQWHYHUHPRVHQTXpFRQVLVWHHVWDPRWLYDFLyQ(Q
HVWHVHQWLGR*DUFtD%HUULRH[SRQHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDFRQWUDULRDOGH&DUUHxRHQ
FXDQWRDOHVWULELOORGHODVOHWULOODVJHQHUDGRUWH[WXDODSHVDUGHVXPRWLYDFLyQ
PXVLFDO
7DQWREDMRODHVWUXFWXUDGHVXFHVLYLGDGFRPREDMRODPiVIUHFXHQ
WDGD³DOPHQRVHQ*yQJRUD³GHSDUDOHOLVPRHOGLVFXUVRWH[WXDOGH
ODOHWULOODLQFRUSRUDGRHQODVHVWURIDVGHPXGDQ]DVHRIUHFHFODUDPHQWH
FRPRXQDYHUGDGHUDRUODRH[SDQVLyQGHOHVWULELOORH[SUHVLyQJHQXLQD
GHOWySLFRWH[WXDO\PpGXODFRPXQLFDWLYDGHOWH[WRSXHVWRHQpQIDVLV
HVSHFLDOPHGLDQWHHODUWLÀFLRWH[WXDOGHVXGLVWULEXFLyQUHLWHUDGD7DO
UHSHWLFLyQ SXHGH DGRSWDU \D VHD OD IRUPD GH XQ HQXQFLDGR WRWDO UH
SHWLGRSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHDORODUJRGHOWH[WR\DVHDIUDJPHQWDGRHQ
GRVSDUWHVHOHQXQFLDGRGHOHVWULELOORTXHDSDUHFHQDOWHUQDWLYDPHQWH
3RUFRQVLJXLHQWHHOHVWULELOORVHRIUHFHFRPRDXWpQWLFRVRSRUWHGHOD
HVWUXFWXUD WH[WXDO HQ OD OHWULOOD (Q WpUPLQRV GH JpQHVLV WH[WXDO HV
VLQGXGDODH[SUHVLyQGHOQ~FOHRWHPiWLFRGHOWH[WRIXQFLRQDQGRODV
HVWURIDVGHPXGDQ]DFRPRPHUDVH[SDQVLRQHVUHSUHVHQWDEOHVLQFOXVR
JHQHUDWLYDPHQWHHQWpUPLQRVGHHVWHWLSRGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQVXERUGL
QDWLYD«HVSUHFLVRFRQFHGHUODVXSHULRUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGTXHWLHQH
HOHVWULELOORFRPRFpOXODJHQHUDWUL]HQODHVWUXFWXUDVXE\DFHQWHGHOD
OHWULOOD,QFOXVRHVIDFWLEOH\\RORKHYHULÀFDGRFRQVLGHUDUHOWLSRGH
FRQH[LyQHQWUHPXGDQ]D\HVWULELOORTXHSXHGHVHUSXUDPHQWHLPSOtFLWD
HV GHFLU QR H[SUHVDGD D WUDYpV GH PDUFRV GH FRQH[LyQ R H[SOtFLWD
PHGLDQWHODSUHVHQFLDGHFRQHFWRUHVKLSRWiFWLFRVRSDUDWiFWLFRV
(VWRVVXSXHVWRVQRVRQDSOLFDEOHVDWRGRVORVURPDQFHVSHURSXHGHQVHUYLU
FRPRDGHFXDGRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHWUDEDMRSDUDHOTXHDTXtHVWXGLDUHPRV(VSR
VLEOHSXHVSODQWHDUYDULDVSXQWRVSDUDHODQiOLVLV3RGUtDPRVSUHJXQWDUQRVKDVWD
TXpSXQWRXQDPXVLFDOL]DFLyQTXHLQFLGHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQODDUWLFXODFLyQGHO
HVWULELOORFDPELD\FRQGLFLRQDODVUHODFLRQHVGHPRWLYDFLyQ\GHSHQGHQFLDTXH
WXYLHUDQHQWUHVtFXDUWHWDV\HVWULELOOREDMRGLIHUHQWHVFRQGLFLRQHVSUDJPiWLFDV
GH UHFHSFLyQ ³\D TXH QR HV OR PLVPR OD UHFLWDFLyQ GH XQ URPDQFH VX FDQWR
DFRPSDxDGRRVXUHDOL]DFLyQSROLIyQLFD3RURWURODGRSRGHPRVWUDVODGDUHVWDV
UHODFLRQHVH[SOtFLWDVHLPSOtFLWDVGHOHVWULELOORFRQUHVSHFWRDOURPDQFHDOiPELWR
H[FOXVLYDPHQWHPXVLFDOH[DPLQDQGRORVYtQFXORVIRUPDOHV³GLVHxRPHOyGLFR
WUDEDMRDUPyQLFRRLPLWDWLYRLQWHUYiOLFDHVFDODVULWPRHWF³TXHSXGLHUDWHQHU
HOHVWULYR\VXUHODFLyQFRQODVFXDUWHWDV\FRSODV
9LG*DUFtD%HUULR$©/DVOHWULOODVGH*yQJRUD(VWUXFWXUDSUDJPiWLFD\OLULFLGDGGHOJpQHURª
RSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
*Ð1*25$ < /26 352%/(0$6 '( $75,%8&,Ð1
3DUDHYDOXDUORVHOHPHQWRVDQWHULRUHVKD\TXHYROYHUODPLUDGDQXHYDPHQWH
DO SURFHVR GH WUDQVPLVLyQ \ DO YDORU GH ORV FDQFLRQHURV FRPR IXHQWHV GH ODV
REUDVSRpWLFD3HGUR&5RMR$OLTXHKDHVWXGLDGRUHFLHQWHPHQWHORVPRGRVGH
GLIXVLyQGHODSRHVtDGH*yQJRUDFRQWHPSODQGRODYtDPDQXVFULWDRUDO\PX
VLFDO9HDPRVFyPRQRVFRQGXFHKDVWDORVFDQFLRQHURV
&RPRSRGHPRVYHUORVYHUVRVGH*yQJRUDVHWUDQVPLWHQGHPH
PRULD>«@RWUDVFRPSRVLFLRQHVJRQJRULQDVVtTXHORKLFLHURQVREUH
WRGRVORVURPDQFHV\OHWULOODV>«@(VWHQRHVHO~QLFRTXHVHSRGUtD
FLWDU\PiVWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHHVWHWLSRGHFRPSRVLFLRQHVVHVROtD
FDQWDUFRPRHOPLVPR*yQJRUDQRVUHFXHUGDHQVXURPDQFH+DQPH
GLFKRKHUPDQDV>«@3RUVLDFDVRQRVTXHGDEDQGXGDVVRQYDULRVORV
FDQFLRQHURVGHODpSRFDTXHUHFRJHQURPDQFHV\OHWULOODVGH*yQJRUD
SXHVWRVHQP~VLFDSRUORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVFRPSRVLWRUHVFRUWHVDQRV
GHOPRPHQWR\GHVWLQDGRVDOFDQWRSROLIyQLFR
/RV URPDQFHV TXH LQWHJUDQ HO &DQFLRQHUR 0XVLFDO GH *yQJRUD IXHURQ UH
FRJLGRV SDFLHQWHPHQWH SRU 4XHURO GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV FDQFLRQHURV &DQFLRQHUR
GH $MXGD /LVERD &DQFLRQHUR GH &RtPEUD$ 0V GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH
&RtPEUD &DQFLRQHUR GH &RtPEUD% 0V GH OD PLVPD 8QLYHUVLGDG
&DQFLRQHUR GH OD &DVDQDWHQVH 5RPD &DQFLRQHUR GH 7XUtQ &DQFLRQHUR GH
0yGHQD&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFK7RQRV&DVWHOODQRV0VGHOD%LEOLRWHFD
GHORV'XTXHVGH0HGLQDFHOL/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO
/LEUR 6HJXQGR GH 7RQRV \ 9LOODQFLFRV GH -XDQ$UDxpV &DQFLRQHUR GH 2ORW \
&DQFLRQHURGH2QWHQLHQWH
9LG5RMR$OLTXH3&©6REUHORVPRGRVGHGLIXVLyQGHODSRHVtDGH*yQJRUDª(GDGGH2UR
;,,SiJV3DUDODGLIXVLyQPDQXVFULWDSiJV'HODELEOLRJUDItDTXHFLWDSiJ
FRQV~OWHVH HVSHFLDOPHQWH *ROGEHUJ 5 ©8Q PRGR GH VXEVLVWHQFLD GHO 5RPDQFHUR 1XHYR 5RPDQFHV GH
*yQJRUD\GH/RSHGH9HJDHQEDLOHVGHO6LJORGH2URª%XOOHWLQ+LVSDQLTXH/;;,,SiJV
9LG5RMR$OLTXH3&©6REUHORVPRGRVGHGLIXVLyQGHODSRHVtDGH*yQJRUDªRSFLWSiJV
(OURPDQFHGH©+DQPHGLFKRKHUPDQDVªHG&DUUHxRRSFLWSiJHG&DUUHLUD$RSFLW
,QžGLFHDVtHQXQDGHVXVSDUWHV©FRPSRQHURPDQFHVTXHFDQWD\HVWLPDQORVTXHFDUGDQSDxRV
\RYHMDVGHVTXLODQ\KDFHFDQFLRQHVSDUDVXHQHPLJDTXHGHWRGRHOPXQGRVRQELHQUHFLELGDVª
3DUDODGHVFULSFLyQGHHVWRVFDQFLRQHURVYLG4XHURO*DYDOGD0&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUD
RSFLWSiJV©(OFDQFLRQHURPXVLFDOGH2ORWª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;9,,,SiJ©'RVQXHYRV
FDQFLRQHURVSROLIyQLFRVHVSDxROHVGHODSULPHUDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,,ª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;;9,
SiJV6HJ~Q4XHURO©(OKRPEUHHQODP~VLFDGHHVWRVFDQFLRQHURVQRYLYH\DHVWiWLFDPHQWHOD
YLGDGHORVVHQWLPLHQWRVVLQRTXHODYLYHGHSDVDGDGLQiPLFDPHQWH3DUDORVP~VLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,OD
YLGDFRQVLVWH\DPiVHQHOPRYLPLHQWRTXHHQXQVHQWLUFRQWHPSODWLYRªHQ0~VLFD%DUURFD(VSDxROD
YRO,©3ROLIRQtDSURIDQDFDQFLRQHURVGHOVLJOR;9,,ª%DUFHORQD&6,&SiJ+D\TXHWHQHU
HQ FXHQWD TXH OD PD\RUtD GH ODV FRPSRVLFLRQHV TXH OOHYDQ SRU WtWXOR 7RQDGD KXPDQD R 7RQR KXPDQR
6RORKXPDQR3DVDFDOOH%DLOHWH-iFDUDHWFQRVRQVLQRURPDQFHVDOLJXDOTXHPXFKRVYLOODQFLFRV9LG
/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxRODYRO6LJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
(VWDVFROHFFLRQHVHUDQLQWHUSUHWDGDVSRUJUXSRVGHFiPDUDPX\UHGXFLGRV
TXHFDQWDEDQXQRSRUYR]HQiPELWRVUHODWLYDPHQWHSHTXHxRV\SDUDXQJUXSR
GHSHUVRQDVWDPELpQUHGXFLGR7RGRVVRQGHODSULPHUDPLWDGGHO;9,,\VLJXHQ
ODWUDGLFLyQGHO;9,FRQFDQFLRQHVJHQHUDOPHQWHDWUHVRFXDWURYRFHVHQHVWLOR
KRPRUUtWLPLFR R ELHQ DXQTXH FRQ PHQRV IUHFXHQFLD FRQWUDSXQWtVWLFR (VWR
VXSRQHHODXJHGHXQJpQHURPXVLFDOTXHQLHVSURSLDPHQWHKDEODQGRGHOVLJOR
;9,QLWDPSRFRGHODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHO;9,,FXDQGRRWURVJXVWRVDUWtVWLFRV
VHLPSXVLHURQ5HFRJHQXQUHSHUWRULRLGpQWLFRHQODIRUPDPXVLFDOHQHOHVWLOR
HQORVFRPSRVLWRUHV\DXQPXFKDVYHFHVHQODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVPLVPDV(VWRV
FDQFLRQHURV UHFRJtDQ ELHQ XQD SLH]D PXVLFDO FDUHQWH GH WH[WR R VyOR FRQ XQ
LQFLSLWELHQDOWH[WRGLVWULEXLGRHQXQDVRODGHODVYRFHVRHQWRGDV
<DVHxDODPRVODLPSRUWDQFLDGHHVWDIXHQWHVPXVLFDOHVSDUDODDWULEXFLyQGH
REUDVGHDXWRUGHVFRQRFLGR3XHGHVHUTXHHOWH[WRSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVFULWRSUR
FHGLHUDGLUHFWDPHQWHGHXQDIXHQWHWH[WXDOPXVLFDOHVFULWDSUHYLDPHQWH(VGHFLU
HOFRPSRVLWRUSXGRWHQHUDFFHVRGLUHFWRDOWH[WRHVFULWRIXHUDpVWHPDQXVFULWRR
LPSUHVR(VWRH[SOLFDODLQFOXVLyQGHJpQHURVSRpWLFRVFXOWRV³VRQHWRVPDGUL
JDOHVFDQFLRQHV\DOJXQRVURPDQFHV³HQHVWDVFROHFFLRQHV0iVDUULEDYLPRV
FyPRHQHOFDVRGH*yQJRUDKDQTXHGDGRWHVWLPRQLDGRVVXVFRQWDFWRVSHUVRQDOHV
FRQP~VLFRVGHODpSRFD3RURWURODGRHOFRPSRVLWRUWDPELpQSXGRWRPDUHOWH[WR
\RODPHORGtDGHXQDFRPSRVLFLyQSROLIyQLFDSUHH[LVWHQWH$HVWDSRVLELOLGDG
VHOHVXPDRWUDGHULYDGDHOP~VLFRQRFRSLyODFRPSRVLFLyQSROLIyQLFDGHXQD
IXHQWHDQWHULRUVLQRTXHODSXGRHVFXFKDUGXUDQWHXQDHMHFXFLyQFXOWD(VWRHV
PX\SRVLEOHHQHOFDVRGHORVURPDQFHV\YLOODQFRVGHODHVIHUDFRUWHVDQDORV
FXDOHVSRGtDQVHUHVFXFKDGRVSUREDEOHPHQWHHQFXDOTXLHUHMHFXFLyQ
6LUYDORDQWHULRUFRPRVXPDULDLQWURGXFFLyQDDOJXQRVGHORVIDFWRUHVTXHKD\
TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDHQODVDWULEXFLRQHV$FRQWLQXDFLyQRIUHFHPRVXQOLVWDGRGH
5HFRUGHPRV TXH HQ OD VHJXQGD PLWDG GHO ;9,, VH DVLVWH DO QDFLPLHQWR GH ORV ©VRORVª HQ OD
P~VLFDYRFDOSURIDQDDVtFRPRDOQDFLPLHQWRGHODP~VLFDHVFpQLFD3DUDHVWH~OWLPRDVSHFWRYLG&XD
GHUQRVGH7HDWUR&OiVLFRQž0DGULGPRQRJUiÀFRGHGLFDGRDODP~VLFD\DOWHDWUR&RQV~OWHQVH
HQHVSHFLDOORVDUWtFXORVGH)-'tD]GH5HYHQJD©7HDWURFOiVLFR\FDQFLyQWUDGLFLRQDOªSiJV
/ySH] (VWUDGD ) ©0~VLFDV \ /HWUDV 0iV VREUH ORV FDQWDUHV GH )XHQWHRYHMXQDª SiJV 'H OD
*UDQMD$©/DP~VLFDFRPRPHFDQLVPRGHODWHQWDFLyQGLDEyOLFDHQHOWHDWURGHO;9,,ªSiJV
\ÀQDOPHQWHHOGH*DUFtD/RUHQ]R/©(OHOHPHQWRIRONOyULFRPXVLFDOHQHOWHDWURHVSDxROGHOVLJOR
;9,,GHORVXEOLPHDOREXUOHVFRªSiJV\DFX\DELEOLRJUDItDUHPLWLPRV
9LG/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxRODYRO«RSFLWSiJV©/DIRUPD
PXVLFDOHVJHQHUDOPHQWHODGHOURPDQFHYLOODQFLFR\RWUDVVLPLODUHV*HQHUDOPHQWHFRQVWDQGHHVWULELOOR
\FRSODDXQTXHKD\FDVRVFRQVyORODP~VLFDGHXQDHVWURIDHYLGHQWHPHQWHSDUDTXHVLUYLHVHSDUDWRGDV
ODVGHODFRPSRVLFLyQªSiJ9LGWDPELpQ4XHURO*DYDOGD0©(OURPDQFHSROLIyQLFRHQHOVLJOR
;9,,ª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;SiJV\5$3HOLQVNL©/DSROLIRQtDYRFDOHVSDxRODGHVLJOR
;9,,\VXVIRUPDVGHHVFULELUODª$QXDULR0XVLFDO;,9SiJV
9LG9DOFiUFHO0©3UREOHPDVGHHGLFLyQGHORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVªRSFLWSiJV
(VWDVSRVLELOLGDGHVVRQSUHVHQWDGDVFRQPD\RUGHWDOOHHQ9DOFiUFHO&©6DOJDQORVP~VLFRV\
FDQWHXQDPXMHUªRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
URPDQFHVTXH$QWRQLR&DUUHxRQRLQWURGXFHHQVXHGLFLyQSHURTXHFUHHPRV
TXHGHEHQVHUQXHYDPHQWHFRQVLGHUDGRVHQIXQFLyQGHORVVLJXLHQWHVFULWHULRV
DSDUHFHQHQODVFROHFFLRQHVGHFDQFLRQHURVGRQGHÀJXUDQORV\DFRQVLGHUDGRV
FRPRDXWpQWLFRVKDQVLGRDGHPiVDQWHULRUPHQWHUHFRJLGRVSRU0LOOp)RXOFKp
R&DVWURÀQDOPHQWHDOJXQRVVRQGHFRPSRVLWRUHVTXHPXVLFDURQURPDQFHVTXH
WDQWR&DUUHxRFRPR&DUUHLUDDWULEX\HQD*yQJRUD$HVWRKDEUtDTXHVXPDUXQ
DXWpQWLFRHVWXGLRGHOYRFDEXODULR\XQDUHGGHFRQFRUGDQFLDV
520$1&(
)8(17(086,&$/
$8725
$75,%8,'2325
(QYXHOWRHQVXVHVSHUDQ]DV
4XpHVHVWRSHQVDPLHQWR
/DPiVOXFLGDEHOOH]D
'HVEDUDWDGRVORVFXHUQRV
(QODEHOGDGGH-DFLQWD
%DUTXLOODSREUHGHUHPRV
/OXYLDVGHPD\R\RFWXEUH
+HULGRGHDPRUFRQODVDUPDV
&DQFLRQHURGH$MXGD
&DQFLRQHURGH7XUtQ
&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD%
&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD%
&DQFLRQHURGH$MXGD
&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD
7RQRV&DVWHOODQRV
&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFK
&DQFLRQHURGH$MXGD
0VGHOVLJOR;9,,
SURSLHGDGGH4XHURO0
$QyQLPR
$QyQLPR
$QyQLPR
$QyQLPR
$QyQLPR
$QyQLPR
*DEULHO'tD]
*DEULHO'tD]
$QyQLPR
$QyQLPR
4XHURO*DYDOGD0
)RXOFKpQž
&DVWUR$S
0LOOp-S\
&DVWUR$S
&DVWUR$S
0LOOp-S
)RXOFKp
0LOOp-S
&DVWUR$S
0LOOp-S
&DVWUR$S
3DUDFRQRFHUORVFULWHULRVGH&DUUHxRHQVXHGLFLyQYLG5RPDQFHVRSFLWSiJHQFXDQWR
DORVGH4XHUROYLG&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV(YDOXDUHPRVVHJ~QSXHGH
YHUVHDSLHGHSiJLQDODDXWRUtDGHHVWRVURPDQFHVFRQVLGHUDQGRODUHFLHQWHHGLFLyQGH*yQJRUD/GH
5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHLUD$RSFLW
$SHVDUGHLQFOXLUORHQVXHGLFLyQFRQHOQž©4XpHVHVWRSHQVDPLHQWRTXLpQWHGHÀHQGH\
JXDUGDªDSDUHFHHQ&DUUHLUDFRPRURPDQFHDWULEXLGRGHDXWRUDQyQLPR9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHV
HG&DUUHLUD$RSFLWSiJ
6HJ~Q&DUUHLUD©/DPiVOXFLGDEHOOH]DTXH\DHQRMRV\DHQFDEHOORVªHVGH©6DODV%DUEDGLOOR
)LHVWDVGHODERGDGHODLQFDVDEOHPDOFDVDGD0DGULG9LXGDGH&RVPH'HOJDGRIª9LG
*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHGGH&DUUHLUD$RSFLWYRO,,SiJ
&DUUHLUDORGDFRPRDWULEXLGRHQYLUWXGGHVXHVWLOR\IHFKDGHGDWDFLyQ6tJDVHVXUD]RQDPLHQWR
HQ*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHLUD$RSFLWYRO,9SiJV
3DUD&DUUHLUDVHWUDWDGHXQURPDQFHGHOOLFHQFLDGR-RVp3pUH]GH5LEDVSDLVDQR\DPLJRGH
*yQJRUD9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHLUD$RSFLWYRO,9SiJV
6HJ~Q&DUUHLUDHVWHURPDQFHQRSXHGHVHUGDWDGRHQYLGDGH*yQJRUD\YLHQHDHQJURVDUODOLVWD
GHORVURPDQFHVDWULEXLGRV9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHLUD$RSFLWYRO,9SiJV
&DUUHLUD LQGLFD OR VLJXLHQWH ©$ 5H\HV OR FRPSDUD FRQ OD YHUVLyQ PHMRU LPSUHVD HQWUH ORV
URPDQFHVGH3DUDYLFLQR2EUDVSyVWKXPDVGLYLQDV\KXPDQDVGHGRQ)pOL[GH$UWHDJD0DGULG&DUORV
6iQFKH]I\FRQFOX\HTXHKDGHVHUGHpVWH\QRGH*yQJRUDª9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHV
HG&DUUHLUD$RSFLWYRO,9SiJV
&DUUHLUDORUHFRJHFRPRURPDQFHDWULEXLGR9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHLUD$
RSFLWYRO,9SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
&RPHQWHPRVDOJ~QFDVRVLQJXODU©(QYXHOWRHQVXVHVSHUDQ]DVªHVUHFRJLGR
SRU&DUUHLUDFRPRDXWpQWLFR³Qž©6LQ/HGD\VLQHVSHUDQ]Dª³\HVDWULEXLGR
SRU4XHURO*DYDOGDPHGLDQWHHOVLJXLHQWHUD]RQDPLHQWR
6LVHFRPSDUDHVWHURPDQFHFRQ©6LQ/HGD\VLQHVSHUDQ]DªQ~PHUR
,9 GH HVWH OLEUR VH YH DO LQVWDQWH TXH HO URPDQFH ©(QEXHOWR HQ VXV
HVSHUDQoDVªGHVDUUROODORVPLVPRVFRQFHSWRVHPSOHDYDULDVSDODEUDV\
WLHQHHOPLVPRHVWULELOORTXH©6LQ/HGD\VLQHVSHUDQ]DªKDVWDHOSXQWR
TXHDPLMXLFLRGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUVHFRPRGRVUHGDFFLRQHVGLVWLQWDV
GHXQPLVPRURPDQFHRFRPRGRVURPDQFHVGHOPLVPRSRHWDVREUH
XQPLVPRWHPD$SR\DIXHUWHPHQWHPLRSLQLyQDGHPiVGHODVGLFKDV
VHPHMDQ]DVHOKHFKRGHTXHDPERVURPDQFHVOOHYDQODPLVPDP~VLFD
VLHQGR pVWH XQ KHFKR LQVyOLWR TXH QR VH UHSLWH QLQJXQD RWUD YH] HQ
QLQJ~QRWURGHORVFDWRUFHFDQFLRQHURVTXHFRQR]FRGHODSULPHUDPLWDG
GHO VLJOR ;9,, \ TXH DUURMD XQ WRWDO GH XQ PLOODU GH FRPSRVLFLRQHV
PXVLFDOHVFX\RVWH[WRVVRQURPDQFHVHQVXFDVLWRWDOLGDG$VtSXHV
QRWHQJRGXGDDOJXQDHQDWULEXLUHVWHURPDQFHD*yQJRUD
2WURFDVRVLQJXODUHVHOURPDQFH©%DUTXLOODSREUHGHUHPRVªUHFRJLGRWDQWR
SRU)RXOFKpFRPRSRU0LOOp\TXHDGHPiVWLHQHGRVYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDOHVGLVWLQ
WDVDPEDVGH*DEULHO'tD]XQDDWUHVYRFHV³TXHDSDUHFHHQHO&DQFLRQHURGH
0XQLFKMXQWRD©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHª³\RWUDDFXDWUR(QYLUWXGGHOR
GLFKRYHPRVSXHVODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQVLGHUDU\YDORUDUWRGRWHVWLPRQLRPXVLFDO
FRPRXQGDWRPiV\DODYH]LPSUHVFLQGLEOHDODKRUDGHGHWHUPLQDUODDXWRUtD
HQDTXHOORVFDVRVGXGRVRVGHURPDQFHVDSyFULIRV\DWULEXLGRV
&DUUHxR OR UHFRJH FRPR ©6LQ /HGD \ VLQ HVSHUDQ]Dª Qž SiJ \ DXQTXH FRPHQWD OD
YDULDQWH ©6LQ YHOD \ VLQ HVSHUDQ]Dª TXH WRPy$QWRQLR GH &DVWUR QR DOXGH D OD TXH 4XHURO SUHVHQWD
(OSRHPDGH4XHUROSiJHVFRPRVLJXH©(QEXHOWRHQVXVHVSHUDQoDVVXUFDHQXQIHOLoHOHxR
ODLQIHOLFLGDGGHOPDUGHODQRFKHHQHOVLOHQoLR%DUTXHUREDUTXHURTXHPHOOHYDQODVDJRDVORV
UHPRV(OTXHHQSHVFDGRUKXPLOGHOHGLVIUDoDQVXVGHVHRVHQXQDEDUTXLOODSREUHDQGDDPRUKHFKR
EDUTXHUR/RVUHPRVVRQVXVGRORUHVVXOODQWRHOSLpODJRLQPHQVR\HOiQFRUDODÀUPH]DGHOR
DPRUDEOHGHXQSHFKR9LHQGRHORGLRDUURJDQWHGHVHDYHQLUFRQHOORV\DSUHVXUDQGRVXVSDVVRVD
VXDPRUFODPDGL]LHQGR%DUTXHUREDUTXHURTXHPHOOHYDQODVDJRDVORVUHPRVª
4XHURO*DYDOGD0&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ%DO\*D\VHxDODHQ
©1RWDDXQDFDQFLyQGH/RSHGH9HJDSXHVWDHQP~VLFDSRU*XHUUHURª5HYLVWDGH)LORORJtD+LVSiQLFD
;;,,SiJVRWURFDVRHQTXHXQDPLVPDP~VLFDDFRJHGRVFRPSRVLFLRQHVGLVWLQWDVXQD
SURIDQD\RWUDPtVWLFD©7XGRUDGRFDEHOOR]DJDODPtDª\©6LWXVSHQDVQRSUXHER£RK-HV~VPtRª
/DPHORGtDGHDPEDVVHJ~Q%DO\*D\©QRVGDVRODPHQWHORVVLJQRVH[WHULRUHVGHXQHVWDGRGHiQLPR\
QRVXHVHQFLDªSRUHOOR©ODP~VLFDHVFULWDSDUDXQSRHPDSURIDQRSXHGHSUHVWDUÀGHOLGDGDODYXHOWD
DORGLYLQRGRQGHOR~QLFRTXHVHFRQVHUYDGHOSULPHUWH[WRHVHOJHVWRGROLHQWHGRVYRFDWLYRV\XQD
SHWLFLyQDSUHPLDQWHªRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
325 /$6 )$/'$6 '(/$7/$17(
6LQGXGDDOJXQDVREUHVXFRUUHFWDDWULEXFLyQHVWHURPDQFHKDVLGRUHFRJLGR
HQODVGLIHUHQWHVHGLFLRQHVGHODREUDJRQJRULQDUHDOL]DGDVSRU)RXOFKp'HOERVF
0LOOp\*LPpQH]-RVp0DUtD&RVVtR$QWRQLR&DUUHxR\$QWRQLR&DUUHLUD
+DOOHJDGRKDVWDQRVRWURVDGHPiVDWUDYpVGHGRVYHUVLRQHVPXVLFDGDVXQDGH
HOODVUHDOL]DGDSRUODPDQRGH*DEULHO'tD]\ODRWUDGHPDHVWURDQyQLPR(O
KHFKRGHTXHWHQJDPRVQRWLFLDGHHVWDVGRVFRPSRVLFLRQHVSXHGHVHUtQGLFHGH
ODDFHSWDFLyQJHQHUDOGHODTXHJR]yHVWHURPDQFHSXHVSDUHFHOyJLFRTXHORV
FRPSRVLWRUHVGHOPRPHQWRWRPDUDQDQWHVDTXHOORVYHUVRVELHQFRQRFLGRVSRUHO
S~EOLFR³SLpQVHVHHQODJHQWHGHODFRUWH³TXHRWURVGHVFRQRFLGRV
$PEDVFRPSRVLFLRQHVGLÀHUHQHQHOXVRTXHKDFHQGHOWH[WRDVtFRPRHQOD
GLVSRVLFLyQGHOPLVPRGLVWLQWDDODGHODVHGLFLRQHVOLWHUDULDV/RSULPHURTXH
/DELEOLRJUDItDJHQHUDOVREUHORVURPDQFHVGH*yQJRUDHVDEXQGDQWHDVtFRPRORVDQiOLVLVGH
URPDQFHVFRQFUHWRV5HFRJHPRVDTXt~QLFDPHQWHODQyPLQDGHORVTXHDWDxHQGLUHFWDPHQWHDODSHUV
SHFWLYDGHQXHVWURHVWXGLR&DUUHxR$©*UDFLiQ\VXVOHFWXUDVHQHO5RPDQFHURGH/XLVGH*yQJRUDª
$FWDVGHO,;&RQJUHVRGHOD$VRFLDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH+LVSDQLVWDV9HUYXHUW)UDQNIXUWSiJV
$QQ-&UX]©&RQWUDSRVLFLyQGHLPiJHQHVHOHPHQWRVGHLQWHUWH[WXDOLGDGHQGRVURPDQFLOORVGH
*yQJRUDª+LVSDQRÀOLDSiJV)RUG50©&ROORTX\)RONORUH&DQFLRQHUR7UDGLWLRQ
DQGWKH3LFDUHVTXHLQ*yQJRUD·VURPDQFH¶0XUPXUDEDQORVURFLQHV·ª5RPDQFH1RWHV;;9,
SiJV*DUFtD/RUFD)UDQFLVFR'H*DUFLODVRD/RUFDHGGH&ODXGLR*XLOOpQ0DGULG,VWPR
*RUQDOO-)*\&ROLQ6PLWK©*yQJRUD&HUYDQWHVDQGWKH5RPDQFHURª7KH0RGHUQ/DQJXDJH
5HYLHZ/;;;SiJV0ROKR0©7LHQWRVSDUDXQDWHRUtDVHPiQWLFDJRQJRULQDª0RGHUQ
/DQJXDJH1RWHV&9SiJV3pUH]/DVKHUDV$©+DFLDODPXVLFDOLGDGSRpWLFDGHORFWRVt
ODERJRQJRULQRHOULWPRHQOD)iEXODGH3tUDPR\7LVEHª$QQDOHV$QXDULRGH&HQWURGHOD81('9
SiJV:LOVRQGH%RUODQG0©/DP~VLFDGH3ROLIHPR2UIHR\ORSDVWRUDOHQHOSRHPD
GH*yQJRUDªHQ $FWDV GHO 6pSWLPR &RQJUHVR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH +LVSDQLVWDV ,, 5RPD %XO]RQL SiJV5HPLWLPRVDODELEOLRJUDItDGH&DUUHxR$HG5RPDQFHVRSFLWSiJV&DUUHLUD
$HG5RPDQFHVRSFLW\ODLQFRUSRUDGDSRU*DUFtD5X]$HQ+LVWRULD\&UtWLFDGHOD/LWHUDWXUD
(VSDxRODWRPR,,,6LJORGH2UR%DUURFR%DUFHORQD&UtWLFDSiJV
9LG)RXOFKp'HOERVF52EUDVSRpWLFDVGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUDRSFLWYRO,,Qž
9LG 0LOOp \ *LPpQH] - H , HG /XLV GH *yQJRUD \$UJRWH 2EUDV FRPSOHWDV RS FLW Qž
&RVVtR - 0 HG /XLV GH *yQJRUD \$UJRWH 5RPDQFHV 0DGULG$OLDQ]D SULPHUD
HGLFLyQGHQž
9LG &DUUHxR$ HG /XLV GH *yQJRUD 5RPDQFHV RS FLW Qž SiJV 6HxDOD TXH
ODLQLFLDFLyQHVIRUPXODLFDSXHVQXPHURVRVVRQORVURPDQFHVTXHWLHQHQXQLQLFLRVHPHMDQWH©3RUODV
VLHUUDVGH0RQFD\Rª©3RUODVVDOYDMHVPRQWDxDVª©3RUODVULEHUDVIDPRVDVª/RSHSiJ
9LG&DUUHLUD$HG/XLVGH*yQJRUD5RPDQFHVRSFLWYRO,,QžSiJVHGLFLyQ
TXHVHJXLPRV³SUHVHQWDRFKRYHUVRVPiVTXHODGH&DUUHxRYY³\GHGRQGHKDVLGRWRPDGR
HOURPDQFHHQHODSpQGLFHGHHVWHDUWtFXOR
9LG4XHURO*DYDOGD0&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJVHVWXGLRSUH
OLPLQDU\'DPRVODGHVFULSFLyQGHHVWDVREUDV'HODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHDWUHVYRFHV*DEULHO
'tD]&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFK)Y3HUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHDYRFHVDFRPSDxDPLHQWRDxDGLGR
SRU0LJXHO4XHURO&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD%0VIY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
OODPD OD DWHQFLyQ HV OD YDULDQWH TXH XQD \ RWUD SUHVHQWDQ HQ HO SULPHU YHUVR
©3HUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHª©'HODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHª(VWHWLSRGHIHQyPHQRV
IRUPDQSDUWHGHOSURFHVRGHWUDQVPLVLyQRUDOGHXQDREUD³GRQGHVHLQWHJUDQ
ODV SHFXOLDULGDGHV OLQJtVWLFDV SHUWLQHQWHV GHO WUDQVFULSWRU³ \ FRQVWLWX\H XQ
KHFKRPX\FRP~QGHQWURGHQXHVWUDOtULFDiXUHD0iVWDUGHYHUHPRVSRUTXp
HO URPDQFH YDUtD HQ OD GLVSRVLFLyQ GHO HVWULELOOR LQFOX\HQGR VX SXQWXDFLyQ
FXDUWHWDV\FRSODVVHJ~QVHWRPHQODVIXHQWHV©OLWHUDULDVªSDUDQRVRWURVODGH
&DUUHxR R ODV WUDQVFULSFLRQHV PXVLFDOHV /D VXFHVLYLGDG VH YHUi DOWHUDGD HQ
IXQFLyQGHODIRUPDPXVLFDOWUDQVIRUPDQGRHOFRPSRQHQWHQDUUDWLYRGHOSRHPD
HLPSULPLHQGRRUHYHODQGRXQDQXHYDFRPSOHMLGDGSRpWLFD
(O URPDQFH HVWi IHFKDGR HQ +HPRV FRWHMDGR HO tQGLFH GH SRHPDV
JRQJRULQRVPXVLFDGRVTXHVHFRQVHUYDQFRQHOOLVWDGRUHDOL]DGRSRU5REHUW-D
PPHVGHODVREUDVTXHGRQ/XLVHVFULELyHVHPLVPRDxR6RUSUHQGHHOQ~PHUR
GHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDVGHORVYHLQWLFXDWURSRHPDVHVFULWRVVHLVKDQVLGRSXHVWRV
HQP~VLFDWUHVGHODVTXH-DPPHVKDGHQRPLQDGR©SRHVtDVGH&RUWHª\RWUDV
WUHV©SRHVtDVSHUVRQDOHVª³WHQLHQGR©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHªGRVYHUVLRQHV
&DUPHQ9DOFiUFHOVHxDODHOVLJXLHQWHFDVR©$HVWDWUDQVPLVLyQRUDOUHVSRQGHUtDQODVYDULDQWHV
HQWUHHOVRQHWRPXVLFDGRGH*DUFLODVR¶3RUiVSHURVFDPLQRVVR\OOHXDGR·HQ7UHVOLEURVGH0~VLFDIRO
\HOSXEOLFDGRWUHVDxRVDQWHVHQ/DVREUDVGH%RVFiQ\DOJXQDVGH*DUFLODVRGHOD9HJD%DUFHORQD
¶3RU iVSHURV FDPLQRV KH OOHJDGR· YDULDQWHV \D SHUFHSWLEOHV GHVGH H WtWXOR DVt FRPR WDPELpQ OD
FXULRVDUHSHWLFLyQGHOYHUVR¶\HOKHUUDGRSURFHVRGHPLVDxRV·HQOXJDUGHO¶HQVLSULPHUSULQFL
SLR\HQVXPHGLR¢TXL]iXQODSVXVHQODPHPRULDGHVXWUDQVFULSWR"ª(Q©3UREOHPDVGHHGLFLyQGH
ORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVªRSFLWSiJV4XHURO*DYDOGDVHxDODWDPELpQHQVXHGLFLyQODVYDULDQWHV
WH[WXDOHVYLG&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV
)HFKDFRQÀUPDGDSRUWRGDVODVHGLFLRQHVFRQVXOWDGDV-DPPHVUHDOL]DXQOLVWDGRGHODVSRH
VtDVHVFULWDVSRU*yQJRUDGHVGHKDVWDVXPXHUWHDJUXSiQGRODVHQ©3RHVtDVGH&RUWHª\©3RHVtDV
SHUVRQDOHVª(VWRV VRQ ORV FULWHULRV VREUH ORV FXDOHV VH EDVD HVWD GLVWLQFLyQ ©(PSOHR DPEDV QRFLRQHV
HQXQVHQWLGRPX\DPSOLRVHWUDWDGHHYDOXDUGHPDQHUDJOREDO\DSUR[LPDWLYDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHXQD
WHQGHQFLDHQODSRHVtDGH*yQJRUD\QRVHSDUDUSRUXQDTXLPpULFDIURQWHUDGRV¶SDUWHV·VHVXREUD'H
KHFKRDXQTXHORVFULWHULRVVREUHORVTXHPHDSR\RHQHVWDFODVLÀFDFLyQVHDQORVXVDGRVFRUULHQWHPHQWH
HQORVWUDWDGRVGHOLWHUDWXUDVRQGHPDVLDGRLPSUHFLVRVSDUDVHUYLUGHEDVHDXQDQiOLVLVULJXURVR¢&yPR
GHÀQLUSRUHMHPSORXQDREUDGHHQFDUJR"(QWHRUtDHVDTXHOODFX\RWHPD\DYHFHVWDPELpQFX\DIRU
PDVRQLPSXHVWRVDODXWRUSRUDTXHOTXHGHXQDPDQHUDRGHRWUDODSDJDHQHVWHVHQWLGRODVSRHVtDV
GHVWLQDGDVDORVFHUWiPHQHVGHO6LJORGH2URUHSUHVHQWDQHOWLSRSHUIHFWRGHODREUDGHHQFDUJR3HURHO
DXWRUWDPELpQSXHGHDGHODQWDUVHDOHQFDUJRHVSRFRSUREDEOHTXHHOGXTXHGH/HUPDKD\DHQFDUJDGR
SHUVRQDOPHQWHVX¶3DQHJtULFR·D*yQJRUDSHURQRHVPHQRVFLHUWRTXHHVWHSRHPDSXHGHVHUDVLPLODGR
DXQDREUDGHHQFDUJRHQODPHGLGDHQTXHQRWUDGXFHODDGPLUDFLyQHQWXVLDVWD\VLQFHUDGHODXWRUSRU
HOJHQLRSROtWLFRGHOPLQLVWURGH)HOLSH,,,VLQRVRODPHQWHODQHFHVLGDGHQTXHHVWDEDGHDWUDpUVHOR(Q
WRGD VRFLHGDG HQ OD TXH ORV HVFULWRUHV WLHQHQ QHFHVLGDG GH SURWHFWRUHV H[LVWH XQ HQFDUJR LPSOtFLWR \
SHUPDQHQWHDTXHHVFDSDQGLItFLOPHQWH«(VSRUHVWDUD]yQSRUODTXHHOWpUPLQR©SRHVtDGH&RUWHª
SRUXQDSDUWH\©SRHVtDSHUVRQDOªSRURWUDQRSXHGHWRPDUVHDOSLHGHODOHWUDª9LG-DPPHV5/D
REUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJV\VV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
SRUORTXHHOWRWDOSLH]DVPXVLFDOHVDVFLHQGHDVLHWH6HWUDWDGHXQDFXDUWD
SDUWHGHODREUDGHDTXHODxR(VPiVORVWUHVSRHPDVTXH-DPPHVUHFRJHEDMR
HOPDUEHWHGH©SRHVtDVSHUVRQDOHVª³©ÉQVDUHVGH0HQJDª©1RYD\DV*LODO
VRWLOORª©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHª³HVWiQPXVLFDGDVSRUPDHVWURVGHODFRUWH
-XDQ %ODV 0DWHR 5RPHUR \ *DEULHO 'tD] FRQ OR TXH FDEUtD SUHJXQWDUVH
/DOLVWDHVODVLJXLHQWH©3RHVtDVGHFRUWHª0iWDQPHORVFHORVGHDTXHODQGDOX]$\TXHPH
PXHURGHFHORVDWUHVYRFHVREUDGH0DWHR5RPHUR&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFKIY+LHGUDYLYL
GRUDDWUHVYRFHVDQyQLPR&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD%0VIY$OWURQFRGHXQYHUGHPLUWR
DWUHVYRFHVDQyQLPR&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD0VIYY©3RHVtDVSHUVRQDOHVªÉQVDUHV
GH0HQJDDFXDWURYRFHV-XDQ%ODV&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFKIY1RYD\DV*LODOVRWLOORDWUHV
YRFHV0DWHR5RPHUR&DQFLRQHURGH0XQLFK)Y3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWH\DGHVFULWR9LG
-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJV\4XHURO*DYDOGD
0&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV
1R HV HO PRPHQWR GH GHWDOODU OD ELRJUDItD GH FDGD XQR HVWRV DXWRUHV SXHV QRWLFLDV GH FDGD
XQRGHHOORVSXHGHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQODVSiJLQDVGHODHVSOpQGLGDPRQRJUDItDGH6WHLQ/.6RQJVRI
0RUWDOV'LDORJXHVRIWKH*RGV0XVLFDDQG7KHDWUHLQ6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\6SDLQRSFLW1RREVWDQWH
VtTXHUHPRVGHVWDFDUDTXtODDGPLUDFLyQTXH/RSHVLQWLySRU-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWURPDHVWURTXHHQ
HQWUDUDHQOD&RUWHFRPRFDPDUHURGHOUH\\TXHIXHUDGLVWLQJXLGRWDQWRSRU)HOLSH,,,FRPRSRU)HOLSH
,9FRQORVPD\RUHVKRQRUHV&RQV~OWHVHSDUDFRQRFHUPiVGHWHQLGDPHQWHVXREUD\ELRJUDItDHOWUDEDMR
GH5REOHGR/-XDQ%ODVGH&DVWUR9LGD\REUDPXVLFDO=DUDJR]D)HUQDQGRHO&DWyOLFR
/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxRODYRORSFLWSiJ6XELUi-+LVWRULDGHOD
P~VLFDHVSDxRODHKLVSDQRDPHULFDQD%DUFHORQDSiJV4XHURO*DYDOGD0&DQFLRQHUR
0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJ\HODUWtFXORGH56WHYHQVRQ©%ODVGH&DVWURªHQ66DGLHHG
7KH1HZ*URYH'LFWLRQDU\RI0XVLFDQG0XVLFLDQV/RQGRQ0DF0LOODQ3XEOLVKHUVYROSiJ
3DUDVXUHODFLyQFRQ/RSHYLG--3DVWRU&RPtQ©/RSHGH9HJDXQDSXQWHVREUHVXIRUPDFLyQ
PXVLFDOªRSFLWSiJV
©1DFLyHQHQ/LqJH\PXULyHO9HQ0DGULG/OHJyD(VSDxDVLHQGRPX\QLxR
(Q,HQWUyHQHOFROHJLRGHQLxRVFDQWRUHVTXHGHSHQGtDGHOD&DSLOOD5HDOGH)HOLSH,,,6HIRUPy
EDMRODGLUHFFLyQGH)HOLSH5RJLHUPDHVWURGHFDSLOODGH)HOLSH,,\HQIXHDGPLWLGRFRPRFDQWRU
GHOD5HDO&DSLOOD(QHVWHPLVPRDxRHVSDxROL]yVXQRPEUH5RVPDULQFRQYLUWLpQGRORHQ5RPHUR(O
DSRGR&DSLWiQOHIXHGDGRSRUVXVFRPSDxHURVFRPRUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHVXVXSHULRULGDGPXVLFDO\QDGD
WLHQHTXHYHUFRQODVIDQWiVWLFDVKLSyWHVLVVHJ~QODVFXDOHVIXHDVtOODPDGRSRUKDEHUSDUWLFLSDGRHQODV
EDWDOODVGH)ODQGHVDOODGRGH)HOLSH,,$ODPXHUWHGH)HOLSH5RJLHUHQ,,GLULJLyLQWHULQDPHQWH
OD&DSLOOD$GULDQR&DS\3HURPXHUWR)HOLSH,,VXKLMR)HOLSH,,,QRPEUy0DWHR5RPHURPDHVWURGHOD
5HDO&DSLOODHO;&XDQGR)HOLSH,,,HQÀMyVXFRUWHHQ9DOODGROLG5RPHURVHHVWDEOHFLy
WDPELpQDOOt(Q,9IXHRUGHQDGRVDFHUGRWH)XHPDHVWURGHP~VLFD\GHOHQJXDIUDQFHVDGH)HOLSH
,,,\)HOLSH,9eVWHOHRWRUJyHOWtWXORGH(VFULEDQRGHOD2UGHQGHO7RLVyQGH2URHQ5RPHUR
SLGLyDOUH\TXHWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDHOQ~PHURGHDxRVTXHYLYtDHQ(VSDxDIXHVHFRQVLGHUDGRHVSDxRO
SDUDSRGHUGLVIUXWDUGHFLHUWRVEHQHÀFLRV(OUH\DFFHGLyDHVWDSHWLFLyQHO;,3RFRVGtDVGHVSXpV
HOUH\OHQRPEUyWDPELpQ&DSHOOiQGHORV5H\HV1XHYRVGH7ROHGRVXIDPDVHH[WHQGLyIXHUDGH(VSDxD\
HOGXTXHGH1HXERXUJKXpVSHGGH)HOLSH,9HQVHSWLHPEUHGHVHHQWXVLDVPyWDQWRFRQODP~VLFDGH
5RPHURTXHVHOOHYyHO&DQFLRQHURFRSLDGRSRU&ODXGLRGHOD6DEORQDUDGRQGHKD\SLH]DVGHQXHVWUR
P~VLFR(OORH[SOLFDTXHHO0VRULJLQDOGHHVWH&DQFLRQHURHVWpDFWXDOPHQWHHQ0XQLFK(QHVWXYR
XQRVPHVHVHQ3RUWXJDOLQYLWDGRSRUHOSUtQFLSHGH%UDJDQ]DHOIXWXURUH\-XDQ,9GH3RUWXJDO(O,,
)HOLSH,9OHFRQFHGLyODMXELODFLyQGHVSXpVGHKDEHUSDVDGRFXDUHQWD\RFKRDxRVDOVHUYLFLRGHOD
&RUWHHVSDxROD(QHOUH\-XDQ,9GH3RUWXJDOOHQRPEUyFDSHOOiQGHODFRURQDGH3RUWXJDO0XULy
HO9HQ0DGULG\IXHHQWHUUDGRHQHOFRQYHQWRGHORVSDGUHV3UHPRQVWUDWHQVHVGHGLFKDFLXGDGª
YLG4XHURO*DYDOGD0&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
VLHQUHDOLGDGQRVHWUDWDQGHFRPSRVLFLRQHVPRWLYDGDVSDUDHOHQWUHWHQLPLHQWR
FRUWHVDQR,QFOXVRHOPLVPR-DPPHVRIUHFHODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHGHWUiVGHORV
QRPEUHVGH-DULIDR&HOLQGDGHQXHVWURURPDQFHSXGLHUDKDOODUVHHOKRPHQDMH
D DOJXQDV GDPDV GH SDODFLR TXL]iV LQFOXVR D OD UHLQD ,VDEHO GH %RUEyQ (Q
FXDOTXLHU FDVR VL HO SRHPD IXH HVFULWR HQ OD PXVLFDOL]DFLyQ GH *DEULHO
'tD]QRHVSRVWHULRUDHQYLUWXGGHODIXHQWHHQODTXHDSDUHFH/DREUD
GHO&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUDFUHHPRVTXHSRUVXHVWLORHVDOJRSRVWHULRU
/DPDQRTXHHVFULELyHOURPDQFHSXHVKDEtDSDVDGR\DSRUODH[SHULHQFLD
GHO3ROLIHPR\ODV6ROHGDGHV©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHªGHEHVHUVLWXDGRHQ
OD WUDGLFLyQ GHO URPDQFHUR PRULVFR DUWLFXODGR DKRUD VREUH HO HVWLOR GH VXV
~OWLPRVDxRV
3RURWUDSDUWHORVURPDQFHVHVFULWRVHQOD~OWLPDpSRFDPXHVWUDQD
SDUWLUGHODVSUHFLRVLGDGHVHVWLOtVWLFDVGH*yQJRUDHQVXPi[LPR
IXURU$EXQGDQ ODV DOXVLRQHV PLWROyJLFDV HVFRQGLGDV EDMR ORJUDGDV
SDUiIUDVLV \ HO LQWULQFDGR MXHJR GH LPiJHQHV \ VXWLOHV HYRFDFLRQHV
GLItFLOHV HQ YDULRV FDVRV GH GHVFLIUDU 6REUHVDOHQ D SDUWLU GH ORV URPDQFHV DPRURVRV VL ELHQ OLPSLRV GH DQpFGRWDV R UHIHUHQFLDV
FRQFUHWDV
(OSRHPDFXHQWDFRQXQDIXHQWHGLUHFWDTXHQRHVRWUDVLQRODQRYHOLWDPRULVFD
(O$EHQFHUUDMH'LJDPRVTXHVHVLW~DHQORVDOHGDxRVGHOVHJXQGRURPDQFH
GH +DFpQ ©(Q OD IXHU]D GH$OPHUtDª HVFULWR WDPELpQ HQ \ TXH SXHGH
FRQVLGHUDUVHFRPRXQDUHIXQGLFLyQGHOSULPHUURPDQFHGH+DFpQ©)DPRVRVVRQ
+DFLD©HQ0DGULGGRQ/XLVHVHOSRHWDGHPRGD\HVFDGDYH]PiVUDURTXHHVFULEDEDMR
HOGLFWDGRGHVXSURSLDLQVSLUDFLyQHVVXDULVWRFUiWLFRS~EOLFRTXLHQODVPiVGHODVYHFHVHOLJHSRUpO
ORVWHPDVLUULVRULRVVREUHORVTXHGHEHHMHUFHUVXLQJHQLRª9LG-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ
/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJ(VWRQRLPSOLFDTXHHQHOURPDQFHTXHFRPHQWDPRVHVWp
DXVHQWHHOWDOHQWRGHOSRHWD
9LG-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJ
<DKHPRVGLFKRTXHHO&DQFLRQHURFRSLDGRSRU6DEORQDUDIXHOOHYDGRD0XQLFKHQVHSWLHPEUHGH
6REUHHOWUDVODGRGHO&DQFLRQHURYLGGHWHQLGDPHQWH&DEHUR3XH\R%©7UDQVPLVLyQRUHFHSFLyQ
$OJXQRVDVSHFWRVVREUHODFROHFFLyQGHYLOODQFLFRVGHOVLJOR;9,,TXHVHFRQVHUYDQHQOD%LEOLRWHFDGHO
(VWDGR%iYDUR0XQLFKªRSFLWSiJV
3DUD HO URPDQFHUR PRULVFR YLG$OYDU 0 (O URPDQFHUR 7UDGLFLRQDOLGDG \ SHUYLYHQFLD
%DUFHORQD3ODQHWDHQHVSHFLDO©(OURPDQFHURPRULVFRªSiJV
9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHVHG&DUUHxR$RSFLWSiJ
9LG(O$EHQFHUUDMHHGGH/ySH](VWUDGD)0DGULG&iWHGUDHQHVSHFLDO©(O$EHQ
FHUUDMHHQHOURPDQFHURªSiJV&DUUDVFR8UJRLWL06KDHVWXGLDGRVXLQÁXHQFLDHQODOLWHUDWXUD
SRVWHULRUHQ(OPRURGH*UDQDGDHQODOLWHUDWXUD'HOVLJOR;9DO;;0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
ODVDUPDVª(QFRQWUDPRVODVXSHUSRVLFLyQGHGRVFLYLOL]DFLRQHVVREUH
OD KLVWRULD GH$ELQGDUUDH] \ GH -DULID SUHGHVWLQDGD D FRQYHUWLUVH HQ HO SXQWR
GHHQFXHQWURGHGRVFXOWXUDVODLVOiPLFD\ODFULVWLDQD*yQJRUDVHHVIXHU]D
SRU UHDOL]DU XQD FRPSHQHWUDFLyQ tQWLPD GH HVWDV GRV FLYLOL]DFLRQHV HQWUH ODV
FXDOHVGHVFXEUHDÀQLGDGHVLQpGLWDV2LJDPRVODVSDODEUDVGH-DPPHVVREUH
HVWHURPDQFH
(OFRPLHQ]RGHODFRPSRVLFLyQHVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHQRWDEOHSRUHO
JUDFLRVR UHFRUULGR GHO SHQVDPLHQWR GHVGH ODV IDOGDV GHO$WODV D ORV
MDUGLQHVGHO-DULIHFRQVXVKXHUWDV\HVWDQTXHVXQDUUR\XHORGHVLQXRVR
FXUVRQRVOOHYDLQVHQVLEOHPHQWHKDVWD-DULIDODEHOODEDxLVWDTXHHVWi
HQHOFHQWURGHHVWDSRHVtD(OURPDQFHQRWLHQHHOFRQWHQLGRHPRFLR
QDOGHOSUHFHGHQWHSULPHUURPDQFHGH+DFpQSXHVWRTXHVHOLPLWDD
H[DOWDUODEHOOH]DGH-DULIDFDQWDGDSRU&HOLQGDTXHVHDFRPSDxDGH
XQ OD~G « 3HUR QR HV PHQRV FLHUWR TXH GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD
HVWpWLFR ORV HOHPHQWRV TXH FRPSRQHQ HVWH URPDQFH VH SUHVWDQ D XQ
DQiOLVLV LQWHUHVDQWH HQ HVWH ÉIULFD PXVXOPDQD HQ OD TXH GHVGH VXV
FRPLHQ]RV*yQJRUDDPDWUDQVSRQHUORVHOHPHQWRVOLWHUDULRVPRULVFRV
SURFHGHQWHVGHORVURPDQFHV¶JUDQDGLQRV·ODVUHPLQLVFHQFLDVPLWROy
JLFDVVRQQXPHURVDV/D$EXQGDQFLDSHUVRQLÀFDGDOD¶&RSLD·HVWi
FRPRHQODV6ROHGDGHVXQLGDDODUUR\RSHURHVWHDUUR\RHVFRPSDUDGR
D¶XQMLQHWHDIULFDQR·-DULIDHVOODPDGD&LQWLDQRPEUHGH9HQXV\
HQHOHVWULELOORFDQWD&HOLQGDQRPEUHODWLQRSHURTXHKDFHSHQVDUHQ
-DPPHVFRQVLGHUDTXH*RQJRUDHVFULELySULPHURHOURPDQFH©(QODIXHU]DGH$OPHUtDª\TXH
©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHªTXHH[SORWDHOPLVPRWHPDIXHHVFULWRXQRVPHVHVPiVWDUGH\PiVUiSL
GDPHQWH©0HSDUHFHTXHORVDFLHUWRVSDUFLDOHVGH©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHªSXHGHQVHUFRQVLGHUDGRV
FRPRHOUHVXOWDGRGHOODUJRHVIXHU]RDQWHULRUDODFUHDFLyQ\HODERUDFLyQSRpWLFDTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOURPDQFH
©(QODIXHU]DGH$OPHUtDªªYLG-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRS
FLWSiJ
1RQRVGHWHQHPRVHQHOWUDWDPLHQWRTXHGLRDODKLVWRULD7LPRQHGDHQVX5RPDQFHGHDPRUHV
GHODKHUPRVD-DULIDTXLHQ©ODPD\RUSDUWHGHOWLHPSRVHFRQWHQWDFRQYHUVLÀFDUODSURVDGH9LOOHJDVª
YLG-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJV
&DUUHLUDVLW~DGHHVWHPRGRHOUHIHUHQWHPRULVFRHQODREUDJRQJRULQD©0XFKRVPiVQRYHGRVRV
UHVXOWDURQSDUDORVSULPHURVOHFWRUHVGHODV)ORUHVRGHSOLHJRVVXHOWRVORVURPDQFHVTXHLQDXJXUDEDQ
ODVHULHGHORVFDXWLYRV³©$PDUUDGRDOGXUREDQFRª©/DGHVJUDFLDGHOIRU]DGRª³\WXYLHURQ
ODUJDGHVFHQGHQFLD7DPELpQORVTXHHQFRQFXUUHQFLDFRQ/RSHGH9HJD\-XDQGH6DOLQDVSURORQJDEDQ
ODPRGDPRULVFDLGHDOL]iQGROD³©$TXHOUD\RGHODJXHUUDª©)DPRVRVVRQHQDUPDVª³
\ HQ OD FXDO HO SRHWD SURGXMR XQD REUD PDHVWUD GHO PDQLHULVPR FXDQGR FRQWDED FDVL VHVHQWD DxRV HO
VHJXQGRURPDQFHGH+DFpQ©(QODIXHU]DGH$OPHUtDª1RIDOWDURQHVFULEDVHQWXVLDVWDVTXHVH
ODQ]DURQDFRPSOHWDUDOJXQRGHHVWRVSRHPDV³©(QWUHORVFDEDOORVVXHOWRVª©&ULiEDVHHO$OEDQpVª
©6HUYtDHQ2UiQDOUH\ª³DSURYHFKDQGRTXHGRQ/XLVORVKDEtDGHMDGRDPHGLDVRQR
KDEtDDJRWDGRVXVSRVLELOLGDGHVQDUUDWLYDVªYLG&DUUHLUD$©/RVURPDQFHVGH*yQJRUDWUDQVPLVLyQ\
UHFHSFLyQªRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
OD&HOLQGDMDR&HOLGDMDGHORVURPDQFHVPRULVFRVVHODFRPSDUD\D
FRQ&XSLGR¶HOKLMRGH9HQXV·\DFRQ'LDQD¶ODKHUPDQDGHO6RO·
(OFRQMXQWRSXHGHSDUHFHUQRVSRFRFRQYLQFHQWHSHURHVRHVGHELGR
DO FRQWHQLGR DUWLÀFLDO \ SUREDEOHPHQWH FRUWHVDQR GHO URPDQFH /RV
HIHFWRVTXH*yQJRUDSRGtDREWHQHUSRUODVXSHUSRVLFLyQGHHVWRVGRV
PXQGRV GH ORV FXDOHV SDUWLFLSDED WDQ SURIXQGDPHQWH HQ WDQWR TXH
DQGDOX]\HQWDQWRTXHHVSDxROHGXFDGRHQODWUDGLFLyQUHQDFHQWLVWD
YDPRVDYHUORVDKRUDHVWXGLDQGRHVDDGPLUDEOHREUDPDHVWUDTXHHV
HOVHJXQGRURPDQFHGH+DFpQ
'DPRVDVtHOSULPHUSDVRSDUDHQFRQWUDUODFODYHGHODPRWLYDFLyQGHOHVWULEL
OORVHJ~QSODQWHiEDPRVSiJLQDVDWUiV(VFRQRFLGDODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHURPDQFHV
YHQDWRULRVDOGHDQRVRU~VWLFRVSLVFDWRULRV\PRULVFRVFRQODLQFOXVLyQGHORV
GH©FDXWLYRVªUHDOL]DGDSRUODFUtWLFD1RVRWURVVyORTXHUHPRVVHxDODUDTXt
OD IXQFLyQ GH ORV UHIHUHQWHV YHQDWRULRV GHQWUR GH XQ URPDQFH PRULVFR %DVWH
SDUD HOOR WHQHU ~QLFDPHQWH SUHVHQWH HO URPDQFH ©2MRV HUDQ IXJLWLYRVª HVFULWR
HQ$TXtODVLPiJHQHVVHVXFHGHQFRPRHQ©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHª
/DFD]DGRUDHQOXJDUGH-DULIDDSDUHFHGHVSXpVGHXQDODUJDLQWURGXFFLyQTXH
QRV FRQGXFH GHVGH XQD IXHQWH HQ OD PRQWDxD D OD OODQXUD UHJDGD SRU HO FXUVR
GHDJXDTXHGHVFLHQGHGHHOODOXHJRVHOOHJDDXQSXHQWHSRUHOTXHSDVDPRV
DXQFDVWLOORURGHDGRGHFLSUHVHV\SDOPHUDVUHÁHMDGDVHQHODJXDSRU~OWLPR
GHVFXEULPRVDODEHOOD6LUHQHODFD]DGRUDTXHKDELWDHVWHSDODFLR'HFDUiFWHU
FRUWHVDQR OD HVFHQD WUDQVFXUUH HQ$QGDOXFtD \ HO UtR HYRFDGR HV VLQ GXGD XQ
DÁXHQWHGHO*XDGDOTXLYLU(QDPERVSRHPDVKD\XQPRYLPLHQWRGHE~VTXHGD
DUUR\RVTXHGHVFLHQGHQKDVWDODVHVWDPSDVTXHVHSUHVHQWDQFRQVDJUDGRHQXQ
WySLFRPLWROyJLFR&XSLGRHOKLMRGH9HQXV(QQXHVWURSRHPDEDMRHOFDQWRGH
9LG-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJ(ODXWRU
FUHHTXH&HOLQGDUHSUHVHQWDHQFLHUWRPRGRHOSDSHOGHODFDXWLYDHQHOSULPHUURPDQFHGH+DFpQ
/RV FLWDGRV HQ HO WH[WR FRUUHVSRQGHQ D ORV FULWHULRV FODVLÀFDGRUHV GH -DPPHV 5 /D REUD
SRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJ$QWRQLR&DUUHxRKDEODGH©PRGDOLGDGHV
OtULFDVª\ORVDJUXSDHQGLVWLQWRVDSDUWDGRVPRULVFRVSDVWRULOHVFDEDOOHUHVFRVFDUROLQJLRVPLWROyJLFRV
DPRURVRV\SLFDUHVFRVGHFDXWLYRVSLVFDWRULRVYHQDWRULRV\U~VWLFRV9LG*yQJRUD/GH5RPDQFHV
HG&DUUHxR$RSFLWSiJV
9LG&DUUHxR$HG5RPDQFHVRSFLWQžSiJV\&DUUHLUD$HG5RPDQFHV
RSFLWYRO,,QžSiJV(VWHURPDQFHWDPELpQHVWiPXVLFDGRDXQTXHPXFKRPiVWDUGHD
SULQFLSLRVGHO;9,,,\UHFRJLGRHQ4XHURO*DYDOGD0&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDO*yQJRUDRSFLWSiJV
6X H[WUDRUGLQDULR OLULVPR KD OODPDGR OD DWHQFLyQ GH ORV FRPSRVLWRUHV HVSDxROHV WDO \ FRPR
GHPXHVWUD HO KHFKR GH TXH KD\D VLGR QXHYDPHQWH SXHVWR HQ P~VLFD SRU (GXDUGR 3pUH] 0DVHGD9LG
&DUUHLUD$HG5RPDQFHVRSFLWYRO,,SiJV
/DVLPLOLWXGHVFODUD©$UPDGDHOKRPEURGHSOXPDV&LQWLDSRUODVTXHVHVXVSHQGH&XSLGR
SRU ODV TXH EDWH D OD DPELFLyQ HV GHO %HWLVª YY &DUUHLUD$ HG 5RPDQFHV RS FLW SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
&HOLQGDHQUHDOLGDGHVXQDSUR\HFFLyQGH$PRUVREUHODEHOOH]DGH-DULIDHQ
©2MRVHUDQIXJLWLYRVªFRPRYHOR]FRU]RWUDPSDGH6LUHQH
+D\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDHODOFDQFHVLPEyOLFRGHODSRHVtDFLQHJpWLFD3DUD
-DPPHV
(QFRQWUDPRVSXHV>«@ODGREOHRULHQWDFLyQGHODSRHVtDYHQDWRULD
JRQJRULQDRULHQWDGDFRQPiVIUHFXHQFLDKDFLDODH[SORWDFLyQGHORV
VtPERORV HUyWLFRV SHUR VXVFHSWLEOH WDPELpQ FRPR KHPRV YLVWR GH
GHVDUUROODUORVUHFXUVRVSOiVWLFRVPXVLFDOHVRVLPSOHPHQWHSLQWRUHV
FRVGHOWHPD
(OKHFKRGHTXHHQ©3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHªVHDOXGDD&XSLGRFRPR©KLMR
GH9HQXVª\D'LDQDFRPR©KHUPDQDGHO6ROªWLHQHXQDFRPSOHMDPRWLYDFLyQ
3RUXQODGRDOXVLyQ\SDUiIUDVLVVRQXQDQRWDFRQVWDQWHGHOOHQJXDMHJRQJRULQR
ORFXDOVLW~DDODXWRUHQODGHQVLGDGSURSLDGHO;9,,
/DUHSHWLFLyQGHHVWRVURGHRV\VXFDUiFWHUGHSHVRPXHUWRFRQFHS
WXDOFRQVWLWX\HQHOFDPLQRSDUDXQHVFROORTXH*yQJRUDQRSXGR³QL
TXLVR³HOXGLUHOFDHUHQHOWySLFRDOXVLYRRSHULIUiVWLFR/RTXHKH
GLFKRHQRWUROXJDUSDUDODPHWiIRUDWLHQHDSOLFDFLyQDTXtWDPELpQ
KD\XQDVHULHGHDOXVLRQHVTXHOLJDQtQWLPDPHQWHGRVHOHPHQWRVGHWDO
PRGRTXHFXDQGRVHLQWURGXFHHOXQRVHSURGXFHHORWURGHXQDPDQHUD
DXWRPiWLFD(QHVWHFDVRWDOHVDOXVLRQHV\SHUtIUDVLVQRSHUWHQHFHQDO
FDXGDOFUHDWLYRGHODXWRUVLQRTXHSDVDQDIRUPDUSDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGH
ORV HOHPHQWRV ÀMRV GH VX OHQJXD SRpWLFD GH HVD PDVD QHXWUD GH HVH
H[FLSLHQWHFRP~QTXHHVHOSXQWRGHSDUWLGDQRUPDOVREUHHOTXHVH
HOHYDQODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHPiVYDOtD
6HWUDWDHQHVWHVHQWLGRGHHOHPHQWRV©OH[LFDOL]DGRVª6LQHPEDUJRLQWUR
GXFHQHQHOURPDQFHXQDVHULHGHFRQQRWDFLRQHVTXHQRHVWDUtDQSUHVHQWHVVLQ
HVWDVSDUiIUDVLV/DVÀJXUDVPLWROyJLFDVDXVHQWHVWHQRUHVGHODPHWiIRUDVRQ
&XSLGR\'LDQD&XSLGRVLQPiVHVHODPRUUHGXFLGRDQLxRDVH[XDGR'LDQD
HVODKHUPDQDJHPHODGH$SRORWDPELpQFRQRFLGDFRQHOQRPEUHGH$UWHPLVD
9LG-DPPHV5/DREUDSRpWLFDGH'RQ/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWHRSFLWSiJ
$ORQVR'(VWXGLRV\HQVD\RVJRQJRULQRV0DGULG*UHGRVSiJV
*yQJRUDRSHUDFRQXQDFRQFHSFLyQJUHFRODWLQDTXHKDEtDUHGXFLGRWRGDVODVIRUPDV\DFWLYLGDGHV
YLWDOHVDXQDVHULHGHDUTXHWLSRV©/DPLWRORJtDHQHOVHQWLGRPiVDPSOLR³SULPDULR³GHODSDODEUDHV
XQDUHGXFFLyQGHODFDPELDQWH\VLHPSUHUHQRYDGDDFWLYLGDGELROyJLFDDIyUPXODVLQPXWDEOHVXQSDVR
GHORDEVWUDFWRDVtPERORVFRQFUHWRVª$ORQVR'(VWXGLRV\HQVD\RVJRQJRULQRVRSFLWSiJ
6REUHODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGH&XSLGRHQODLFRQRJUDItDUHQDFHQWLVWD\EDUURFDYLG3DQRIVN\
(,FRQRJUDItD0DGULG$OLDQ]D
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
FRPRFD]DGRUD\ FRQHOGH&LQWLDREVpUYHVHODFRQGHQVDFLyQ©;DULID&LQWLD
DIULFDQDª Y VX iUERO HV XQ FLSUpV \ UHSUHVHQWD OD FDVWLGDG IHPHQLQD /D
FDVWLGDGGH-DULIDTXHGDPDQLÀHVWDHQORVYHUVRVVLELHQVH\X[WDSRQH
DXQDÀJXUDGHHYLGHQWHVLJQLÀFDFLyQHUyWLFDHQODWUDGLFLyQOLWHUDULDODEDxLVWD
(QHOHVWULELOORVHQRPEUDDODMRYHQFRPR©KHUPDQDGHO6ROªUHFRUGHPRVTXH
HVWD SDUWH VH SUHVHQWD HQ XQ GLiORJR ³GRQGH &XSLGR \ 'LDQD VRQ ORV DFWDQ
WHV³HQPDUFDGRGHQWURGHOFDQWRGH&HOLQGDTXHFHOHEUDODEHOOH]DGH-DULID
(O ©6ROª HV$SROR KHUPDQR JHPHOR GH 'LDQD \ FRQWUDULR GH HOOD SRU YDULDV
UD]RQHV&XDQGRORVODWLQRVQRPEUDEDQD'LDQDFRPR&LQWLDVHUHIHUtDQDOD
OXQD(VWDQRPLQDFLyQSRUFRQWUDULRVFRQVWLWX\HXQFRPSOLFDGRDUWLÀFLREDUURFR
TXHQRVHGHWLHQHDKt/RVVHPDVOLWHUDULRVTXHFRQOOHYD©6ROªTXHGDQMXQWRD
-DULID'LDQDHQFXPEUDQGRGHHVWHPRGRVXEHOOH]D3RURWURODGRORVDPRUHV
DSDVLRQDGRVGH$SRORHUDQFXDOTXLHURWUDFRVDPHQRVFDVWRV1XHYDDQWtWHVLV¢<
SRUTXpQRPEUDUORHQHOHVWULELOOR"3RUTXH$SRORHVHQWUHRWURVGHVXVPXFKRV
DWULEXWRVGLRVGHODP~VLFD\GHODSRHVtD
¢3RUTXpQRPEUDUD&XSLGREDMR9HQXV"3RUWUHVUD]RQHV(QSULPHUOXJDU
SRUTXHHVWDGLRVDMXQWRD0HUFXULR-XQRHWFLQWHUYLHQHFRQVWDQWHPHQWHVREUH
HOGHVWLQR\ODVDFFLRQHVGHORVKRPEUHVIXQFLyQSRUODTXHVXSUHVHQFLDQRVH
OLPLWDDODPHUDMXVWLÀFDFLyQUHWyULFDHQVHJXQGROXJDUSRUTXHVXQRPEUHHYRFD
ODEHOOH]DWULXQIDQWHHQHOMXLFLRGH3DULVFRQORTXHVHLQVLVWHHQODKHUPRVXUDGH
-DULIDÀQDOPHQWHSRUTXHVXÀJXUDLPSULPHVREUH&XSLGRIXHUWHVFRQQRWDFLRQHV
VH[XDOHVTXHHQJHQGUDQHQHOWH[WRXQDWHQVLyQHUyWLFDVLQJXODUGHELGRDODUHG
GHUHIHUHQFLDVTXHVHFUX]DQHQWUHVtPERORVGHFDVWLGDG\VHQVXDOLGDG
(VWD©ELODWHUDOLGDGVHPiQWLFDªHVWiGLVSXHVWDVREUHXQDHVWUXFWXUDFLyQVLQWiF
WLFDSDUDOHOtVWLFDVREUHFRQVWDQWHVFRUUHODFLRQHVGHSOXUDOLGDGHV1RSRGHPRV
KDEODUGHYHUVRVELPHPEUHVWDO\FRPRKDFH'iPDVR$ORQVRHQVXHVWXGLRVREUH
HOHQGHFDVtODERJRQJRULQRSXHVWRTXHODFRQFLVLyQGHORFWRVtODER³\PHQRV
/DEHOOH]D\ODSXUH]DGHODMRYHQTXHGDQLPSOtFLWDVHQHOFRORUEODQFR©(QWDQWRSXHVTXH
VH EDxD \ VH FRPSLWHQ OR EODQFR \ DXQ VH GHVPLHQWHQ OR WHUVR VXV PLHPEURV \ HO DODEDVWURª /D
FDVWLGDGTXHGDH[SOtFLWDHQORVYHUVRV©HQODVWHUPDVGHVXDEXHORHOVXGRUGHSRQHFDVWRª
'HFLPRV ©FRQWUDULR GHª \ QR ©FRQWUDULR Dª SDUD LPSOLFDU GHVGH +HUiFOLWR OD WHQVLyQ GH ORV
FRQWUDULRV
9LG$ORQVR'(VWXGLRV\HQVD\RVJRQJRULQRVRSFLWSiJ
©(OHURWLVPRGHODSDORPDVXHOHVHUH[SOLFDGRSRUVXDVRFLDFLyQDOPLWRGH9HQXVODQRFWXUQLGDG
GHOE~KRSRUVXGHODFLyQLQIHUQDO\HOFDVWLJRGH3URVHUSLQDODRVWUDVHUiXQH[FLWDQWHGHODSHWLWRYHQpUHR
SRUKDEHUVHUYLGRXQDFRQFKDGHFXQDD9HQXVKLMDGHODHVSXPDGHOPDUª9LG$ORQVR'(VWXGLRV
\HQVD\RVJRQJRULQRVRSFLWSiJ&XQDTXHQRHVWiDXVHQWHHQHVWRVYHUVRVGHOURPDQFLOOR©/D
FXQDUHDOTXHFRQHVSOHQGRUDEULJRLQTXLHWRHQODLQIDQFLDRVGLRª
7RPDGRGH$ORQVR'©)XQFLyQHVWUXFWXUDOGHODVSOXUDOLGDGHVªHQ(VWXGLRV\HQVD\RVJRQ
JRULQRVRSFLWSiJV
9LG$ORQVR ' ©/D VLPHWUtD ELODWHUDOª HQ (VWXGLRV \ HQVD\RV JRQJRULQRV RS FLW SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
D~QGHOKH[DVtODER³QRSHUPLWHWDOSDUFHODFLyQSHURVtSRGHPRVKDEODUGHOD
ELPHPEUDFLyQ©GLVWULEXLGDHQGRVYHUVRVª
3HURODELPHPEUDFLyQGHQLQJ~QPRGRYDOLJDGDDOPROGHGHOYHU
VRHVXQDQRFLyQ\XQDUHDOLGDGGHOOHQJXDMHPiVDPSOLD\JHQHUDO
/DWHQGHQFLDELODWHUDOSXHGHSODVPDUHQXQLGDGHVPiVDPSOLDVHQHO
FRQMXQWRGHGRVYHUVRVGHQWURGHXQDHVWURIDHQWUHODSULPHUD\OD
VHJXQGDPLWDGGHXQDHVWURIDPLVPDHQHOFRQMXQWRGHGRVHVWURIDV
HWF
(OGRPLQLRHVWUXFWXUDOGHOSRHWDVHFRUUHVSRQGH³FDVXDOPHQWHRQR³FRQ
OD FULVWDOL]DFLyQ IRUPDO GH OD P~VLFD GH VX WLHPSR 6H SXHGH GHFLU TXH HO
©IRUPDOLVPRª JRQJRULQR IDFLOLWD D~Q PiV OD FRPSRVLFLyQ PXVLFDO FXOWD FX\R
FRQWUDSXQWRIRUPXODXQSULQFLSLRGHLPLWDFLyQDGDSWDEOHDODV©SOXUDOLGDGHVª\
SURFHGLPLHQWRV©GLVHPLQDGRUHVUHFROHFWLYRVªGHOOtULFRFRUGREpV3HURWDPELpQ
HVOHJtWLPRSHQVDUTXHHQHOURPDQFHHVWiQODWHQWHV³FRQVFLHQWHPHQWHODWHQ
WHV³ORVPHFDQLVPRVTXHGHVSXpVVRQDFWLYDGRVSRUODP~VLFD(VLQWHUHVDQWH
UHFRJHUODYDORUDFLyQTXH'iPDVR$ORQVRKDFHGHOUHQGLPLHQWRGHODVSOXUDOL
GDGHVFRPRIDFWRUHVWpWLFR
+HTXHULGRSXHVOODPDUODDWHQFLyQKDFLDXQDHVSHFLHGHUtWPLFD
PiVSURIXQGDDQWHULRUDHVWRTXHVHVXHOHHQWHQGHUSRUULWPR\TXH
HVDODSDUVXYLYLÀFDGRU\VXFRQWHQLGRLPSUHJQDQWHKDFLDHVHPROGH
PiVKRQGROLJDGRDPX\SURIXQGDVLPSUHVLRQHVHVWpWLFDV\DODWUR
TXHODFLyQPDQDQWHGHQXHVWURSHQVDPLHQWR(ODQiOLVLVGHSOXUDOLGDGHV
H[FHGHHQDEVROXWRODVOLQGHVGHXQDSRVLEOHFLHQFLDGHODOLWHUDWXUD
DIHFWD D WRGDV ODV DUWHV SOXULPHPEUDFLyQ \ YDULDFLyQ SHUFLEH LQPH
GLDWDPHQWH TXLHQ FRQWHPSOD XQ HGLÀFLR \D UHQDFHQWLVWD \D EDUURFR
3HURH[FHGHWDPELpQORVOtPLWHVOLWHUDULRVHQRWUDGLUHFFLyQPiVLP
SRUWDQWHODVSOXUDOLGDGHV\DQWHWRGRORVVLQWDJPDVQRSURJUHVLYRV
GHEHUtDQVHUREMHWRSUHIHUHQWHGHXQDOyJLFDSVLFROyJLFDQRVRQVLQR
WUDVSDUHQFLDV KDFLD HVWH ODGR QR VyOR GHO SHQVDPLHQWR ³FRPR WRGR
HOOHQJXDMH³VLQRGHODVHOHPHQWDOHVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHPDQDQFLDGH
QXHVWURSHQVDPLHQWR
9HDPRV KDVWD TXp SXQWR VH H[WLHQGHQ ODV FRUUHODFLRQHV \ SDUDOHOLVPRV HQ
HOSRHPD
Anterior
9LG$ORQVR'©/DVLPHWUtDELODWHUDOªRSFLWSiJ
9LG$ORQVR'©)XQFLyQHVWUXFWXUDOGHODVSOXUDOLGDGHVªRSFLWSiJ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
QRFRPRSUHFLSLWDGR
VLQRFRPRFRQGXFLGRYY
DIHFXQGDUORVIUXWDOHV
\DGDUOLEUHDDORVFXDGURVYY
GHODVKXHUWDVGHO;DULIH
GHOMDUGtQGHVXSDODFLRYY
FRPLHQ]DHQFULVWDOFRUULHQGR
\DFDEDSHUODVVXGDQGRYY
PDVQDGDORWLHQHYDQR
VLQRHOGHVDWDUDOMyIDUYY
\VHFRPSLWHQOREODQFR
\DXQVHGHVPLHQWHQORWHUVR
VXVPLHPEURV\HODODEDVWURYYHVWH~OWLPRYHUVRPXHVWUDODELPHPEUDFLyQ
FRQGXOFHSOXPD&HOLQGD
\QRPHQRVGXOFHPDQRYY
HQXQOD~GYDHVFULELHQGR
ORTXH$PRUOHYDGLFWDQGRYY
8QDPLVPDHVWUXFWXUDDUWLFXODWDPELpQHOURPDQFLOOR³ODVFRSODV(QHOODV
VHHQXQFLDXQHOHPHQWR³FXQDiUEROFXQD³DOTXHVLJXHXQDVXERUGLQDFLyQ
DGMHWLYD+D\TXHVHxDODUTXHPLHQWUDVTXHHOURPDQFLOORRIUHFHXQDVLVWHPiWLFD
GLYLVLyQHQSHULRGRVGHFXDWURYHUVRVDH[FHSFLyQGHOSULPHUJUXSRGHYHUVRV
TXHHVFLQGHHOREMHWRUHDO³©FXQDª³GHOÀJXUDGR³©iUEROª³\ODWLUDGDGHYY
FX\RVFXDWUR~OWLPRVYHUVRVGHSHQGHFRPRDSyGRVLVGHORVFXDWURSULPHURV
SUyWDVLVGHODFRQGLFLRQDOHOURPDQFHQRHVWDQFODURHQVXGLYLVLyQHVWUyÀFD\
GHMDVXVSHQGLGDODDFFLyQIHFXQGDQWHGHODUUR\RGHORVFXDWURSULPHURVYHUVRV
³DXQTXHSXHGDQSUHVHQWDUVHFRQVHQWLGRFRPSOHWR³\ODDFFLyQWHPSRUDOHQ
ODTXHVHLQVHUWDHOFDQWRGH&HOLQGD³YHUVRV
+D\XQYHUVRHQWRGRHOURPDQFHTXHVLQWHWL]DODVWHQVLRQHVVHxDODGDV\TXH
HVHVSHFLDOPHQWHKHUPRVRSRUVXFRQGHQVDFLyQ
XQRFRQRWURFRQWUDULRY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
<DTXtHQWUDPRVHQHODQiOLVLVGHODPXVLFDOLGDGGHORVYHUVRVGHOURPDQFH
7RPHPRVHVWHPLVPRYHUVRHOULWPRHVXQLIRUPHGDFWtOLFRXXXXXDOLJXDO
TXHODGLVWULEXFLyQGHVXVFRQVRQDQWHVQFQWUFQWUU/DWHQVLyQFRQFHSWXDO
XQLyQGHFRQWUDULRVHVUHIRU]DGDSRUODPDQLIHVWDFLyQIyQLFD~RRyRRi
LR6RUSUHQGHDQWHWRGRVXFRKHUHQFLDSULPHUD\~OWLPDYRFDODFHQWXDGDORV
H[WUHPRV VRQ FRQWUDULRV OD PiV FHUUDGD \ RVFXUD GH ODV YRFDOHV IUHQWH D OD
PiVFODUD\DELHUWDXQLGRVHQHOWUDQVFXUVRSRUODRFRQVWDQWH6yORTXHGDHO
VLOHQFLR\ODDGPLUDFLyQ
/DULTXH]DIyQLFDGHYHUVRVGH*yQJRUDKDVLGRFRQVWDQWHPHQWHUHFRQRFL
GD
,QVLVWDPRV XQD YH] PiV HVWD P~VLFD GH YRFDOHV \ FRQVRQDQWHV
RFXSD XQ SXHVWR WDQ LPSRUWDQWH FRPR RWUR DVSHFWR FXDOTXLHUD HQ OD
3RGUtDPRVGHWHQHUQRVHQRWURVUDVJRVGHHVWLORSUHVHQWHVWDOHVFRPRORVFRQVWDQWHVKLSpUEDWRV
VtPLOHVQRPEUHVVLQDUWtFXORWRSRLJRQJRULQRVFOiXVXODVDEVROXWDVSUHVHQWHVHQORVJHUXQGLRV\SDU
WLFLSLRVGHODFRPSRVLFLyQ\TXHVHUiQFRPHQWDGRVHQUHODFLyQFRQODP~VLFDDFXVDWLYRVJULHJRVHWF
SHURKHPRVGHFLGLGRSUHVFLQGLUGHVXFRPHQWDULRSDUDRFXSDUQRVGHORVIDFWRUHVOLJDGRVDODPXVLFDOLGDG
GHOSRHPD6yORTXHUHPRVVHxDODUODFRPSOHMLGDGVLQWiFWLFDGHXQDGHODVFXDUWHWDVGHOURPDQFLOOR\TXH
RIUHFHQGLÀFXOWDGGHFRPSUHQVLyQYY©6LLJQRUiLVFUXHOFXiQWDVGHEHQKR\YXHVWURPLUDUDOPDV
ÀHUDVYXHVWURDUSyQª(ODXWRUMXHJDFRQODGLORJtDPLUDU&XSLGRFLHJR4XL]iVVHSXHGDHQWHQGHU
©FXiQWDVDOPDVVHGHEHQKR\DYXHVWURPLUDUªR©YXHVWURªDQWLFLSH©DUSyQª\HQWRQFHVGHEDHQWHQGHUVH
©FXiQWDVDOPDVGHEHQPLUDUYXHVWURDUSyQª(QFXDQWRD©ÀHUDVªKD\GRVSRVLELOLGDGHVSUHGLFDWLYRGH
©DOPDVªHQWRQFHV©DOPDVÀHUDVªRXQDIXQFLyQLQGHSHQGLHQWHFRPR©DQLPDOHVªDVRFLDGDVDOFDUiFWHU
FLQHJpWLFR©DUSyQª\TXHHQFRQVHFXHQFLDSODQWHDRWUDDPELJHGDG¢VHKDEODDTXtGH&XSLGRRGH
OD EHOOD 'LDQD UHTXHULGD \ DGPLUDGD VHxRUD GH YDVDOORV" (VWD RVFXULGDG HV UHFRJLGD HQ OD FUtWLFD GHO
PRPHQWR EDMR OD VHQWHQFLD GH +RUDFLR ©EUHYLV HVVH ODERUR REVFXUXV ÀRª /D SROpPLFD TXH VXVFLWy OD
REUDGH*yQJRUDIXHDUWLFXODGDWDQWRSRUGHWUDFWRUHVFRPRGHIHQVRUHVGHVGHODSUHFHSWLYDKRUDFLRQD
VHJ~QQRVPXHVWUD*DUFtD%HUUULR$)RUPDFLyQGHODWHRUtDOLWHUDULDPRGHUQD3RpWLFDPDQLHULVWD
6LJORGH2UR0XUFLD8QLYHUVLGDGGH0XUFLDSiJV\VV6REUHODGLFRWRPtDIRQGRIRUPD
SiJV
$FXGLPRVD'iPDVR$ORQVRSDUDFXEULUFRQVXVSDODEUDVQXHVWUDSHUSOHMLGDGDXQTXHHQHVWD
RFDVLyQVHFHQWUHHQHOHQGHFDVtODER©+D\TXHDJUHJDUSRU~OWLPRDODPXVLFDOLGDGDOXGLGDRUHSUH
VHQWDGDODP~VLFDYLYDGHORVYHUVRVPLVPRV0DUDYLOODVKDEtDQKHFKR\DDORVXDYH\DDORFODPRURVR
XQ*DUFLODVRXQ/XLVGH/HyQXQ+HUUHUD*yQJRUDTXHQRHQYDQRYLHQHGHWUiVDFDEDGHDUUDQFDUVXV
~OWLPRVVHFUHWRVDOHQGHFDVtODEReOKDDGLYLQDGRFRPRQDGLHHQSRHVtDHVSDxRODODHVWUHFKDDOLDQ]DTXH
HOYHUVRHVWDEOHFHHQWUHPXVLFDOLGDG\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ\VDEHFRORFDUODVSDODEUDVPiVQtWLGDVHQODFLPD
GHVRQRULGDGGHOYHUVRODSDODEUDPiVLQWHQVDRPiVVXJHULGRUDHQHOSXQWRGRQGHHOULWPRDOFDQ]DPD\RU
LQWHQVLGDG0LHQWUDVFHQDQGRHQ3Ð5ÀGRVOXFLHQWHV«(QODPLWDGGHXQÐYDORGHSODWD«/RVDQDOHV
GLÉIDQRVGHOYLHQWR«VXHORGH/,OLRVTXHHQIUDJDQWHVFRSRV«HQFDPSRVGH]D),URSDFHHVWUHOODV«
(VSXPRVRFR5$/OHGDQDO7RUPHV«&DGXFRDO-ÐIDUSHURDO-yIDUEHOOR«<HVWHSURFHGLPLHQWRFOD
UtVLPR\FRQVWDQWHHQODV6ROHGDGHVVLUYHSDUDUHIRU]DUD~QPiVODVHQVDFLyQOXPtQLFDGHOYRFDEXODULR
FRORULVWDGH*yQJRUD(QIyUPXODEUHYHSRGUtDPRVGHFLUTXHODSDODEUDHVSOpQGLGD\FRORUHDGDSXHVWD
HQWUDQFHGHLQWHQVLGDGUtWPLFDVHLQWHQVLÀFDFRPRVLHOULWPRIXHUDXQDFDMDGHUHVRQDQFLDGHFRORU\
HOULWPRVHHVFXOSHPiVJDUERVR\FODURDOFHxLUVHDODSDODEUDIDVWXRVD\O~FLGDªHQ©&ODULGDG\EHOOH]D
GHODV6ROHGDGHVªHQ(VWXGLRV\HQVD\RVJRQJRULQRVRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
WpFQLFDGHOSRHWDWLHQHXQHPSOHRIUHFXHQWtVLPRFDVLUHJXODU\HVHO
VHFUHWR GH PXFKRV GH VXV PHMRUHV YHUVRV7LHQH LJXDO YDORU SRpWLFR
TXH HO TXH WLHQHQQRUPDOPHQWHOD DOLWHUDFLyQ\ ODV ULPDV ÀQDOHV (V
XQ YtQFXOR TXH XQH ODV GLYHUVDV SDUWHV GHO YHUVR \ GH YDULRV YHUVRV
VHJXLGRVSDUDTXHVHHVWDEOH]FDXQDUHODFLyQPiVHVWUHFKD7RFDXQD
QRWD UHSHWLGD TXH QRV DJUDGD WDQWR FRPR OD VHULH GH QRWDV UHSHWLGDV
HQXQDPHORGtDRGHPRYLPLHQWRVHQXQDGDQ]D
/D UHIHUHQFLD D XQ YLQFXODFLyQ YHUWLFDO ELHQ SRGUtD OODPDUVH SULQFLSLR GH
©DUPRQtDYRFiOLFDª³HQWHQGLGRHQVXVHQWLGRPXVLFDO³VLQRIXHUDSRUTXHVH
LPSRQHODVXFHVLYLGDGGHODOHFWXUD³DXQTXHVLHPSUHTXHGHODVLPXOWDQHLGDG
GHODPHPRULD3DUDHODQiOLVLVGHOiPELWRIyQLFRGHOURPDQFHQRVVHUYLUHPRV
GHOWUDEDMRGHVLVWHPDWL]DFLyQTXH6PLWKUHDOL]DVREUHORVPHFDQLVPRVVRQRURV
TXH*yQJRUDDFWLYDHQVX3ROLIHPR(VWRVVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV
³6LPSOHDOLWHUDFLyQGHYRFDOHV
3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHRDDDHDDHY
;DULID&LQWLDDIULFDQDDtDtLDLiDY
GRQGHPiVSRUYRVRHiRyY
FX\RVWURQFRVQRXRyRyY
³'RVRPiVYRFDOHVFRORFDGDVDOFRPLHQ]RGHOYHUVR\UHSHWLGDVDPRGR
GHHFRÀQDOVLQTXHFRUUHVSRQGDQIRU]RVDPHQWHORVDFHQWRV/DDVRQDQFLDSXHGH
DSR\DUVHHQODDOLWHUDFLyQGHFRQVRQDQWHV
DUUR\RGHVFLHQGHFODURDyRHLHHDRY
WLHQHTXHHO;DULIHLpHHDtHY
FRPLHQ]DHQFULVWDOFRUULHQGRRLpDHLiRLpRY
TXHVRPEUDSUHVWyHyDHyY
³(ORUGHQGHODVYRFDOHVQRHVWiUHSHWLGRH[DFWDPHQWHVLQRTXHHVXQRUGHQ
LQYHUVRRDOWHUDGR/DLQYHUVLyQUHFXHUGDDORVFiQRQHVFDQFUL]DQWHVLQYHUVLyQ
GHOWHPD³FRPRXQFDQJUHMR
DIHFXQGDUORVIUXWDOHVDHXiRXiHY
9LG6PLWK&&©/DPXVLFDOLGDGGHO3ROLIHPRªRSFLWSiJ0iVDGHODQWHUHFRJHOD
SURSXHVWDGH0DVVRQHQORTXHVHUHÀHUHDSURJUDPPPXVLFRELHQLOOXVWUDWLYHSDLQWLQJ©GRQGHHOVRQLGR
\HOPRYLPLHQWRGHOYHUVRQRVFRPXQLFDQXQDLPSUHVLyQPiVDOOiGHDXQTXHYLQFXODGDFRQHOVHQWLGR
LQWHOHFWXDOGHODVSDODEUDVªRSFLWSiJ(VWRHVORTXHODFUtWLFDFRQRFHFRPRIRQRVLPEROLVPR
(QVXDUWtFXOR6PLWKKDEODGH©P~VLFDIRQpWLFDªRSFLWSiJ
9LG6PLWK&&©/DPXVLFDOLGDGGHO3ROLIHPRªRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
³$VRQDQFLDHQHOLQWHULRUGHOYHUVRGHSDUHMDVGHYRFDOHV
GRQGH$PRU IRPHQWD HO IXHJR RHDyRHDHXpR HR DH FRQ
DOLWHUDFLyQGHIY
³$VRQDQFLDSURORQJDGDDOUHVWRGHORVYHUVRVOOHJDQGRDVHUXQDHVSHFLH
GHULPDLQWHUQD
\DXQVHGHVPLHQWHQORWHUVR
VXVPLHPEURV\HODODEDVWURYY
2EVpUYHVHODVHULHLHHQHOHVWULELOOR\HQODSULPHUDSRVLFLyQGHORVVLJXLHQWHV
YHUVRVGHOURPDQFLOOR
¢4XLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"Y
'LFHQELHQY
'LFHQPHMRUY
TXLHQVROLFLWyY
ÀHUDVYXHVWURDUSyQY
WLHQHTXHHO;DULIHY
YLVWHQSRUFRUWH]DVY
SLHOHVGHOHyQY
6LUYDHVWRFRPRPHUDLQWURGXFFLyQDODQiOLVLVGHODVDOLWHUDFLRQHV8QDQi
OLVLVPiVSURIXQGRH[LJLUtDHOHVWXGLRGHODGLVSRVLFLyQGHORVDFHQWRVDVSHFWR
GHO TXH QRV RFXSDUHPRV PiV DGHODQWH HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ ODV FRPSRVLFLRQHV TXH
VHSUHVHQWDQ3HURDQWHVGHRFXSDUQRVGHHOODVQRTXHUHPRVDEDQGRQDUHVWH
6PLWK QRV GLFH TXH HVWD PXVLFDOLGDG DSUHFLDEOH HQ *yQJRUD WLHQH VX SDUDQJyQ HQ OD )iEXOD
GH$FLV\*DODWHDGH&DUULOOR©/DPXVLFDOLGDGGHO3ROLIHPRªRSFLWSiJ3RURWURODGRVLW~DHQ
-XDQGH0HQDVXDVFHQGHQWHGLUHFWR©3XHVWRTXHVHKDUHFRQRFLGRTXH*yQJRUDDSUHQGLyDOJRGH0HQD
QRKDEUiGLÀFXOWDGHQVXSRQHUTXHORKLFLHUDWDPELpQHQHVWHFDVR³SXHVODWpFQLFDHVHPSOHDGDFRQ
IUHFXHQFLDSRU0HQD\HOÀQRRtGRGH*yQJRUDQRKXELHUDGHMDGRGHSHUFLELUVXYDORU³SRUORFXDOHV
SRVLEOH TXH VX UHODFLRQHV WXYLHUDQ PD\RU VXWLOH]D TXH OD VRVSHFKDGD KDVWD DKRUD 3HUR *yQJRUD SXGR
LJXDOPHQWHGHVFXEULUSRUFXHQWDSURSLDODVOH\HVGHODPXVLFDOLGDGSXHVVRQODEDVHGHWDQWDSRHVtD<
SRURWUDSDUWH¢GHTXLpQKXERGHDSUHQGHUODVHOSURSLR0HQD"3HURODLPSRUWDQFLDGH0HQDHQHVWRVH
UHIXHU]DFXDQGRQRVYHPRVDOJRGHFHSFLRQDGRVDODFHUFDUQRVDORVPDHVWURVLWDOLQLVWDVGHO;9,HQEXVFD
GHHMHPSORVªSiJ)LQDOPHQWHYDORUDGHHVWHPRGRHOWDOHQWRGHOFRUGREpV©1RVHFRQFLEHTXH
*yQJRUDGHWHPSHUDPHQWRWDQGLVWLQWRGHXQ+HUUHUDWUDEDMDGRUVLHPSUHODOLPDHQODPDQRUHFHORVR\
SRFRGLVSXHVWRDSXEOLFDUVXVREUDVVHSXVLHUDGtDWUDVGtDDHVWXGLDUDTXHUHUDIXHU]DGHYROXQWDGHQ
GHWDOOHHVWRVLQWULQFDGRVGLVHxRVVLQWiFWLFRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVPHWDIyULFRV\PXVLFDOHV3HURHOORVHVWiQDKt
HOORVH[LVWHQ/D~QLFDFRQFOXVLyQSRVLEOHPHSDUHFHVHUTXHWRGRHVWRVHFUHyXQWRGHXQDVRODSLH]D
TXHVDOLyGHODPHQWHGHXQSRHWDDPDQWHFRPRSRFRVGHODP~VLFDHOEDLOHGHORVULWPRV\DVRQDQFLDV
GHODSRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDOGHÀQRRtGROLQJtVWLFR\GHHQRUPHVHQVLELOLGDGDUWtVWLFD&DVXDOLGDGHVQRREUD
SOHQDPHQWHFRQVFLHQWH\GHHODERUDFLyQGHWDOODGDWDPSRFRPiVELHQSDUWHLQWHJUDOGHXQFRQMXQWRSRpWLFR
WDQSRpWLFRWDQFRPSOLFDGR\WDQRULJLQDOTXHQRFUHRTXHQDGLHOOHJXHDVXSHUDUORQXQFDªSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
SXQWR VLQ UHFRJHU XQD FRPSOLFDGD PHWiIRUD TXH QR PXHVWUD RWUD FRVD VLQR HO
FDODGRGHODP~VLFDHQORV©FRQFHSWRVªFRQORVTXHWUDEDMDHOSRHWD
/DFXQDUHDO
TXHFRQHVSOHQGRU
DEULJRLQTXLHWR
HQODLQIDQFLDRVGLR
iUEROIXHHQODVVHOYDV
TXHVRPEUDSUHVWy
HQODPHORGtD
GHXQUXLVHxRUYY
/DFXQDHYRFDODPDGHUDTXHIXHXQGtDUDPDGHOiUEROTXHFRELMyORVWULQRV
GHXQUXLVHxRU(VWHDUWLÀFLRGHMDPDQLÀHVWDODOLULFLGDGGHOJpQHUR
©/D PHWiIRUD SRGUtD QR VHU PiV TXH XQ PHGLR TXH HO SHQVDPLHQWR VH GD ³VLQ GXGD HQWUH
RWURV³SDUDVXSHUDUODFRQWUDGLFFLyQTXHVHHVWDEOHFHHQWUHORUHDO\HOOHQJXDMHGHVGHHOPRPHQWRHQTXH
HOOHQJXDMHSDUDHGLÀFDUVHH[SXOVDORUHDODTXHVXVWLWX\H$VtORSURSLRGHODPHWiIRUDVHUtDWUDVFHQGHU
ODV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV QDFLGDV GH OD H[SHULHQFLD D ÀQ GH UHFRQVWUXLU D WUDYpV GHO VLJQLÀFDQWH ODV UHDOHV
FRQGLFLRQHVGHH[LVWHQFLDGHOUHIHUHQWH(VDWUDVFHQGHQFLDVHUtDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHXQDRSHUDFLyQUHJUHVLYD
SRUORTXHHOSHQVDPLHQWRFRPSHQVDUtDUHJUHVDQGRHQGLUHFFLyQGHORUHDOORVHIHFWRVGHVXSRWHQFLDFDGD
YH]PiVDEVWUDFWLYDª9LG0ROKR06HPiQWLFD\SRpWLFD*yQJRUD\4XHYHGR%DUFHORQD&UtWLFD
SiJ
6REUHODOLULFLGDGGHOURPDQFHYpDQVHDTXtORVVLJXLHQWHVWHVWLPRQLRV&DUUHLUDUHFRJHODSRVLFLyQ
GHORVTXHFUHHQTXH©OtULFRªLPSOLFDTXHHOHURWLVPR³DTXtODWHQWH³SDVHDXQVHJXQGRSODQR©2WURV
LQWURGXFHQHOPDUEHWHOtULFRSDUDGLVWLQJXLUORVSRHPDVDPRURVRVSHWUDUTXLVWDVRQRGHDTXHOORVGRQGH
HOHURWLVPRHVWiHQVHJXQGRWpUPLQRRQRH[LVWH'HWDOPDWL]DFLyQVHGHGXFHSDUDGyMLFDPHQWHTXHORV
OtULFRVVRQPiVpSLFRVRQDUUDWLYRVTXHORVDPRURVRVGHFDUiFWHUPiVHVWiWLFRªHQ©/RVURPDQFHVGH
*yQJRUD7UDQVPLVLyQ\UHFHSFLyQªRSFLWSiJ(OSURIHVRU*DUFtD%HUULRHVWDEOHFHODFRQGLFLyQ
JHQpULFDGHODOHWULOODDXQTXHFUHHPRVTXHDTXtHVDSOLFDEOHDOURPDQFHRVREUHHOVXMHWRGREOH\HO
PRGRGHHQXQFLDFLyQ6XUHÁH[LyQHVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLQWHUHVDQWHSDUDYDORUDUDGHFXDGDPHQWHHOFDUiF
WHUOtULFRTXHLPSULPHHOHVWULELOOR³TXHFXHQWDFRQHODUWLÀFLRHQJDxRVRGHODSULPHUDSHUVRQD©3DUD
DGRSWDUXQFULWHULRUHVWULFWLYR\GHOLPLWDGRUHQWUHODVQXPHURVDVFXHVWLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVVREUHODOHWULOOD
PHSURSRQJRHVWXGLDUKR\HVWDPRGDOLGDGWH[WXDOHVWUyÀFDGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDFRQFUHWDGHO\RGHOSRHWD
FRPRVXMHWRGHODHQXQFLDFLyQHVGHFLUFRPRHPLVRUGHOWH[WR\GHODVSRVLEOHVLQWHUIHUHQFLDVGHOPLVPR
\RFRPRVXMHWRGHOHQXQFLDGRHVGHFLUDJHQWHSULQFLSDORSURWDJRQLVWDGHODSUHGLFDFLyQH[SUHVDGDHQ
HOHQXQFLDGRWH[WXDORKLVWRULDH[SOtFLWDFRPXQLFDGD(VWDFRQGLFLyQGHVXMHWRGREOHGHODHQXQFLDFLyQ\
GHOHQXQFLDGRFDUDFWHUL]yVLQGXGDHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRFRQWHPSRUiQHRGHOJpQHUROtULFDDPRURVDGRQGHHO
SRHWDIRUPXODGRUGHOHQXQFLDGRWH[WXDOVHSURSRQHLQYDULDEOHPHQWHFRPRVXMHWRGHODSDVLyQDPRURVD
$VtHVFRPRFREUDEDVHGHYHURVtPLOHMHUFLFLRDUWtVWLFR\QRGHGHVDUUROORDXWRELRJUiÀFRODPD\RUSDUWH
GHO FDQFLRQHUR DPRURVR GH SRHWDV FRPR 4XHYHGR \ GRQ /XLV GH *yQJRUD IUHQWH DO WRQR GH HYLGHQWH
IHUYRU SDVLRQDO DXWRELRJUiÀFR GH *DUFLODVR +HUUHUD R /RSH GH9HJDª HQ ©/DV /HWULOODV GH *yQJRUD
(VWUXFWXUDSUDJPiWLFD\OLULFLGDGGHOJpQHURªRSFLWSiJ3RURWURODGRKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWD
TXHHQORVHVWXGLRVVREUHWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVHOWpUPLQR©JpQHURªDGTXLHUHRWURVHQWLGRDOPDUJHQGHOD
GLVWLQFLyQWUDGLFLRQDOHQWUHJpQHURVQDWXUDOHV\JpQHURVKLVWyULFRV©&XDQGRKDEODPRVGHJpQHURQRQRV
UHIHULPRVDVXVHQWLGRSRpWLFRVLQR¶PXVLFDO·&RPR\DKHPRVVHxDODGRDQWHULRUPHQWHORVWpUPLQRVQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
0Ô6,&$ < /,7(5$785$
7UDWDUHPRVDKRUDGHYHUDTXtVLHVSRVLEOHODUHODFLyQGHOOHQJXDMHSRpWLFR
FRQHOOHQJXDMHPXVLFDOHQWDQWRTXHDPERVSRVHHQHQSULQFLSLRFRPRIyUPX
ODFRQVWUXFWLYDODUHSHWLFLyQGHVHJPHQWRVHVWUXFWXUDOPHQWHHTXLYDOHQWHV6H
SODQWHDQDVtHQHOWH[WRHOHJLGRYDULDVFXHVWLRQHVLPSRUWDQWHVGHVGHHOSXQWR
GHYLVWDGHOOHQJXDMHSRpWLFRPiVIiFLOPHQWHFRPSUHQVLEOHVFRQHODSR\RGHVX
SDUDOHODHVWUXFWXUDPXVLFDO\SRURWUDSDUWHVHQRVSHUPLWHDERUGDUODUHODFLyQ
SDODEUDPHORGtDTXHHVWXYRHQHORULJHQGHODSRHVtDFRPROHQJXDMHRUDO
6HJ~Q5XZHWDTXLHQGHEHPRVXQDGHODVSULPHUDV\PiVVHULDVDSUR[LPD
FLRQHVDOGLVFXUVRPXVLFDOGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDOLQJtVWLFDSRGHPRVHVWDEOH
FHUODVEDVHVGHODFRPSDUDFLyQHQWUHODREUDYHUEDO\PXVLFDOSDUWLHQGRGHOD
IRQRORJtD\GHODVIXQFLRQHVGHOOHQJXDMHIXQFLyQH[SUHVLYDVHJ~QODFXDOHO
HQXQFLDGRHVODH[SUHVLyQRSUHVHQWDFLyQGHXQVXMHWRTXHWLHQGHDFDUDFWHUL]DUVH
DSHODWLYDSRUORTXHXQHQXQFLDGRWLHQGHDSURGXFLUXQDFLHUWDLPSUHVLyQHQHO
DXGLWRU\UHSUHVHQWDWLYDSRUORFXDOXQHQXQFLDGRUHSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRVDV
GHWHUPLQDGR(QWUHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVIRQROyJLFRVXWLOL]DGRVSRUHVWD~OWLPD
FDEUtDGLVWLQJXLUHQWUHFRQÀJXUDWLYRVTXHVHxDODQODGLYLVLyQGHOHQXQFLDGRHQ
VHDMXVWDQDODOHWUDVLQRDODP~VLFD'HDKtTXHHOWpUPLQR¶VRQHWR·SXHGDHQJOREDUHOWH[WRSRpWLFR
GHÀQLGRFRPRWDOXQD¶FDQFLyQ·0LOiQLQFOX\HGHQWURGHVXV6RQHWRVODFDQFLyQGH3HWUDUFD¶*HQWLOPLD
GRQQD·IROVUURVHUXQDIRUPDLQVWUXPHQWDOFRPRDSDUHFHHQ9DOGHUUiEDQR6LOYDGH6LUHQDVª
9LG9DOFiUFHO&©3UREOHPDVGHHGLFLyQGHORVWH[WRVPXVLFDGRVªRSFLWSiJ
1RSRGHPRVFHQWUDUQRVFRQGHWHQLPLHQWRHQORVFULWHULRVTXHVLUYHQGHEDVHSDUDFRPSDUDUXQDV
SURGXFFLRQHVDUWtVWLFDVOLWHUDULDVFRQRWUDVPXVLFDOHV5HFRJHPRVDTXtXQDVHULHGHHVWXGLRVHOHPHQWDOHV
\IXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHRSHUDQQRVyOR\DHQHOQLYHOWHyULFRFRPRORVUHFRJLGRVHQODVSULPHUDVSiJLQDV
VLQRHQVREUHWRGRHQHOiPELWRSUiFWLFRGHODQiOLVLVGHREUDVFRQFUHWDV9LG5%XUOHVRQ©)XQFWLRQDO
5HODWLRQVKLSV RI /DQJXDJH DQG 0XVLF 7KH 7ZR3URÀOH 9LHZ RI 7H[W 'LVSRVLWLRQª /D /LQJXLVWLTXH
QžSiJV(LQVWHLQ$©7KH&RQÁLFWRI:RUGDQG7RQHª 7KH0XVLFDO4XDUWHUO\
;/QžSiJV%ULJKW:©3RLQWVGHFRQWDFWHQWUHODQJXDJHHWPXVLTXHª0XVLTXHHQ
MHXQžSiJV76(OLRW©/DP~VLFDGHODSRHVtDªHQ6REUHSRHVtD\SRHWDV0DGULG
,FDULD SiJV 5 -DNREVRQ ©/D OHQJXD HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ RWURV VLVWHPDV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQª
HQ2EUDVVHOHFWDV0DGULG*UHGRVSiJV*6SULQJHU©/DQJXDJHDQG0XVLF3DUDOOHOV
DQG'LYHUJHQFLHVªHQ)RU5RPDQ-DNREVRQ(VVD\VRQWKH2FFDVLRQRIKLV6L[WLHWK%LUWKGD\+DJXH
0RXWRQ7&DEOH©7KH0HWHUDQG0XVLFDO,PSOLFDWLRQVRI2OG(QJOLVK3RHWU\ªHQ%DOW]HU5\
:LQVDWW-HG7KH8QLRQRI:RUGVDQG0XVLFLQ0HGLHYDO3RHWU\$XVWLQ8QLYHUVLW\RI7H[DV3UHVV
SiJV\6*XWKULH©0HWHUDQG3HUIRUPDQFHLQ0DFKDXWDQG&KDXFHUªHQ7KH8QLRQRI
:RUGVDQG0XVLFLQ0HGLHYDO3RHWU\RSFLWSiJV
9LG - 7DOHQV HW DOLL (OHPHQWRV SDUD XQD VHPLyWLFD GHO WH[WR DUWtVWLFR 0DGULG &iWHGUD
SiJV(QFXDQWRDORULJHQGHODSRHVtDFRPROHQJXDMHRUDOUHFXpUGHVHD5RXVVHDXYLG
3=XPWKRU,QWURGXFFLyQDODSRHVtDRUDO0DGULG7DXUXV
9LG 5XZHW 1 /DQJDJH PXVLTXH HW SRpVLH 3DULV 6HYLO SiJV 3XHGHQ YHUVH
WDPELpQVXVDUWtFXORVHQ0XVLTXHHQ-HX1RVRWURVQRVOLPLWDPRVDTXtDUHFRJHUODH[SRVLFLyQTXHGH
HVWHSODQWHDPLHQWRKDFH7DOHQV-HQ(OHPHQWRVSDUDXQDVHPLyWLFDGHOWH[WRDUWtVWLFRRSFLWSiJV
\VV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
XQLGDGHVJUDPDWLFDOHV\TXHVHVXEGLYLGHQDVXYH]HQFXOPLQDWLYRVTXHLQGLFDQ
GHFXiQWDVXQLGDGHVFRQVWDXQHQXQFLDGR\FXiOHVVXMHUDUTXtD\GHPDUFDWLYRV
TXHVHxDODQHOOtPLWHHQWUHGRVXQLGDGHV\GLVWLQWLYRVTXHGLIHUHQFLDQHQWUHVt
D ODV GLYHUVDV XQLGDGHV GH VLJQLÀFDFLyQ /D P~VLFD DO LJXDO TXH HO OHQJXDMH
YHUEDODFXGHFRQVWDQWHPHQWHDHVWRVSURFHGLPLHQWRVFXOPLQDWLYRVRUJDQL]DFLyQ
PHOyGLFDWH[WXUDVHFXHQFLDFLyQUtWPLFDRGHPDUFDWLYRVVLOHQFLRVFDGHQFLDV
PDUFDVIRUPDOHVDXQTXHODIXQFLyQPiVGHVDUUROODGDVHDODTXHKHPRVGHQR
PLQDGRGLVWLQWLYDGHQWURGHODVMHUDUTXL]DFLRQHVUtWPLFDVWtPEULFDVPRGDOHV
WRQDOHV\IRUPDOHV1RREVWDQWH
VL ELHQ H[LVWHQ HTXLYDOHQFLDV HQ FXDQWR D IXQFLRQHV D XWLOL]DU HQWUH
DPERVVLVWHPDVORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVVRQGLVWLQWRVVLVWHPDV
GH RSRVLFLRQHV GLVWLQWDV SRU XQ ODGR MHUDTXL]DFLyQ GH DOWXUDV GX
UDFLRQHV HWF SRU RWUR 'H HVWH PRGR P~VLFD \ DUWH YHUEDO SXHGHQ
FRH[LVWLU VLQ LQWHUIHULUVH \ VLQ TXH VHD QHFHVDULR TXH DTXpOOD DQXOH
DVXPLpQGRORHOYDORUGHOVHJXQGR/DUHODFLyQP~VLFDDUWHYHUEDO
HVVLHPSUHSHUWLQHQWH
7RGD FRPSRVLFLyQ UHTXLHUH XQD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ TXH OD KDJD SUHVHQWH 3HUR
WRGDFRPSRVLFLyQTXHVHVLUYHGHXQWH[WRSRpWLFRHV\DGHSRUVtXQDSULPHUD
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ¢4XpSRGHPRVGHFLUGHODVPHWiIRUDVGHPHWiIRUDVGH*yQJRUD
FXDQGR pVWDV KDQ VLGR OOHYDGDV DO SODQR VRQRUR ³VXSRQJDPRV TXH DO GH XQD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHPDGULJDOLVPRV³VLQRTXHVHFRQYLHUWHQHQPHWiIRUDVHQWHUFHU
JUDGR" (O FRPSRVLWRU LQWHUSUHWD ODV SDODEUD GiQGROHV XQ VLJQLÀFDGR HVSHFLDO
RWRUJDQGRRWUDGLPHQVLyQRWUDVFRQQRWDFLRQHVDOWH[WR\SDUDHOORVHVLUYHGH
ODUHSHWLFLyQGHSDODEUDVRYHUVRV
6LFRPSDUDPRVORVHVWULELOORVGHDPEDVFRPSRVLFLRQHVSXHGHREVHUYDUVH
FyPRHQHOHVWULELOORGH*DEULHO'tD]KD\XQMXHJRFRQVWDQWHXQQXHYROHQJXDMH
FDVLOXMXULDQWH³VW\OXVOX[XULDQV³TXHOOHYDDOH[WUHPRODVSRVLELOLGDGHVTXH
9LG-7DOHQV(OHPHQWRVSDUDXQDVHPLyWLFDGHOWH[WRDUWtVWLFRRSFLWSiJ
$O PDUJHQ GH TXH WRGD FRPSRVLFLyQ VHD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GH XQ OHQJXDMH KHUHGDGR$ SHVDU GH
VXUtJLGRIRUPDOLVPRFRQV~OWHQVHDOUHVSHFWRODVUHÁH[LRQHVGH,JRU6WUDYLQVN\HQVX3RpWLFD0XVLFDO
0DGULG7DXUXV
(OURPDQFHHQGLiORJR'HODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWHKDVLGRUHJLVWUDGRSRUHOJUXSR/D&RORPELQD
HQ&DQFLRQHURGHOD6DEORQDUD0XVLFLQWKH6SDLQRI3KLOLS,9'''$&&(17$&&'
$FXGLPRVDTXtDDOJXQRVFRQFHSWRVGHULYDGRVGHODUHWyULFDFOiVLFD\TXHIXHURQHODERUDGRV
SRFRGHVSXpVSRUODVVLVWHPDWL]DFLRQHVTXHORVWHyULFRVGHOPRPHQWRKLFLHURQGHORVJpQHURV\HVWLORV
PXVLFDOHVHQWUHODVTXHKD\TXHGHVWDFDUDTXHOODVUHDOL]DGDVSRU6FDFFKL\.LUFKHUHVWH~OWLPR\DFLWDGR
HQQXHVWURWUDEDMR9LG%LDQFRQL/+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD7(OVLJOR;9,,0DGULG7XUQHU
SiJV3DUDHVWHDFHUFDPLHQWRUHWyULFRPXVLFDOQRVKHPRVVHUYLGRGHORVWUDEDMRVFLWDGRVDOÀQDO
GHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXOR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
RIUHFHQODVLQWHUURJDFLRQHVUHWyULFDV/DSUHJXQWD©¢4XLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"ªHV
IUDJPHQWDGDVHGHMDVRORDOSURQRPEUHLQWHUURJDWLYRTXHVHUHSLWHHQVDOWRVGH
WHUFHUD HSL]HX[LV \ VH \X[WDSRQH FRQWUDSXQWtVWLFDPHQWH D OD UHVSXHVWD VH
R\HQVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHHQXQFODURDQWKLWHWRQRDQWtWHVLV³F³DOWHUQDVX
UHDOL]DFLyQKRPRUUtWPLFDHQWRGDVODVYRFHVFRQHOFRQWUDSXQWRHQODÀJXUDFR
QRFLGDFRPRQRHPDODLWHUDFLyQFDVLLPSDFLHQWHFRQÀUPDGDSRUODVUHVSXHVWDV
TXHVREUHYLHQHQ
(VWHDUWLÀFLRVLQHPEDUJRQRHVWiSUHVHQWHHQODSLH]DGHO&DQFLRQHURGH
&RLPEUDTXHRSWDSRUXQDWH[WXUDKRPRUUtWPLFD³F³DUPyQLFRFRQHO
JLURKDFLDODGRPLQDQWHDWUDYpVGHODGRPLQDQWHGHODGRPLQDQWHVREUHXQD
/RV LQWHUYDORV PXVLFDOHV ³GLVWDQFLD TXH KD\ GH XQD QRWD D RWUD³ IXHURQ REMHWR GHVGH ORV
SLWDJyULFRV GH HVSHFXODFLRQHV TXH SUHWHQGtDQ HQFRQWUDU HQ HOORV XQD GHWHUPLQDGD VLJQLÀFDFLyQ (VWRV
SODQWHDPLHQWRVOOHJDURQDHVWDEOHFHUXQFyGLJRH[SUHVLYRTXHRSHUDEDSUDJPiWLFDPHQWH\TXHORVFRP
SRVLWRUHV HQ PRGR DOJXQR GHVFRQRFtDQ (VWR FRQGXFLUi HQ HO EDUURFR D XQD VDFUDOL]DGD WHRUtD GH ORV
DIHFWRV3RUHVWRHOGLVHxRLQWHUYiOLFRGHODPHORGtDELHQSRGtDFRGLÀFDUXQDVHULHGHYDORUHV\HVWDGRV
GH iQLPR HQ RFDVLRQHV GH PRGR FRQVFLHQWH HQ RWUDV FRPR XQD WUDGXFFLyQ LQFRQVFLHQWH (O LQWHUYDOR
GH WHUFHUD IXH SRU VX FRQGLFLyQ GH SXHQWH R ELVDJUD FDUDFWHUL]DGRU GHO DFRUGH PD\RU PHQRU HO TXH
PiVDWUDMRODDWHQFLyQGHORVWHyULFRV©(QWRUQRDODIXQFLyQH[SUHVLYDGHODWHUFHUDPD\RU\PHQRUVH
GHFLGHODGLYLVLyQHQGRVSDUWHVHQWUHODFXDOLGDGDIHFWLYDGHODVWRQDOLGDGHVPD\RUHV\PHQRUHV«/D
GLYLVLyQHQGRVSDUWHVDIHFWLYD\DHQODP~VLFDSROLIyQLFDGHÀQDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,GXUDUiOXHJRKDVWD
HOVLJOR;,;SHURFRQDOJXQDVPRGLÀFDFLRQHVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVHQODGLVWULEXFLyQGHORVDIHFWRVUHVXPLEOH
SDUDPD\RUEUHYHGDGGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD
7HUFHUDPD\RU
³ 6LJORV;9,\;9,,DOHJUtDYLJRUDVSHUH]DDPDUJXUDLUD
³ 6LJORV;9,,,\;,;WHUQXUDGXO]XUDDOHJUtDYLJRU
7HUFHUPHQRU
³ 6LJORV;9,\;9,,WULVWH]DGHELOLGDGWHUQXUDGXO]XUD
³ 6LJORV;9,,,\;,;DVSHUH]DDPDUJXUDLUDWULVWH]DGHELOLGDG
(QODFRQMXQFLyQGHODWHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRV\ODWHRUtDGHORVLQWHUYDORV\GHODVWRQDOLGDGHVVHSXH
GHYHUXQFRPLHQ]RXQUXGLPHQWRGHXQDSRVLEOHWHRUtDSRpWLFD\DQDOtWLFDGHODFRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDO
PRGHUQD5DUtVLPD\FDVXDOHVVLQHPEDUJRODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHTXHPiVDOOiGHODFRQVWLWXFLyQGHXQ
LQWHUYDORHVWiHOFRQWH[WRDUPyQLFRWRQDOUtWPLFRGHWHUPLQDQWHRDOPHQRVFRQGLFLRQDQWHGHODHÀFDFLD
H[SUHVLYDª YLG %LDQFRQL / (O VLJOR ;9,, RS FLW SiJ 3RU VXSXHVWR TXH HVWR SODQWHDPLHQWR QR
LQGXFHDXQDPHFiQLFDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQLQWHUYiOLFDVHJ~QHOPRPHQWR\HOHVWLORSHURVtSXHGHVHUGHFLHUWD
XWLOLGDGHQHODQiOLVLVGHODPXVLFDOL]DFLyQGHFLHUWRVWH[WRV\DTXHWRGDVLVWHPDWL]DFLyQ\FRQYHQFLyQ
UHWyULFDIXHVLHPSUHSRVWHULRUDODYROXQWDGH[SUHVLYDGHORVFRPSRVLWRUHV
©&RQIUHFXHQFLDODUHSHWLFLyQGHXQDSDODEUDLPSRUWDQWHFRQWULEX\HDODLQWHQVLÀFDFLyQªYLG
)RUQHU-\:LOEUDQGW-&RQWUDSXQWRFUHDWLYR%DUFHORQD/DERUSiJ
/D XWLOL]DFLyQ \ SURSLHGDG GH ORV WpUPLQRV DUPyQLFRVIXQFLRQDOHV VREUH OD P~VLFD TXH DTXt
QRVRFXSDIXHPX\GLVFXWLGDGXUDQWHHOFRQJUHVRHVSHFLDOPHQWHSRUODSURIHVRUD(W]LRQ9DULDVVRQODV
PDWL]DFLRQHVTXHDTXtTXHUHPRVSODQWHDU3RUXQODGRODUHIHUHQFLDDXQOHQJXDMHDUPyQLFRIXQFLRQDO
IDFLOLWDODFRPSUHQVLyQFDGHQFLDOGHHVWHWLSRGHREUDVWDO\FRPRGHPRVWUyHQVXFRQIHUHQFLDHOPDHVWUR
GHODYLKXHOD-RKQ*ULIÀWKV(YLGHQWHPHQWHVHJ~QSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHHQODSDUWLWXUDQDGDWLHQHTXHYHU
HOPRGRGyULFRVREUHUHFRQODWRQDOLGDGGHUHPHQRUSHURWDPSRFRSRGHPRVLJQRUDUTXHHOJUDGRGH
VHQVLELOL]DFLyQGHODVHVWUXFWXUDVPRGDOHVHVWiWDQDYDQ]DGRTXHSDVDMHVHQWHURVVHRIUHFHQOLPSLRVDXQD
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQDUPyQLFRIXQFLRQDO8QDFRVDHVTXHFRPRWRGRHOPXQGRVDEH\HQHVWHFDVRQDGLHLJQRUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
EDVHGDFWtOLFDUHSLWLHQGR~QLFDPHQWHHOYHUVR©ODKHUPDQDGHOVROªDQDGLSORVLV
³F³QyWHVHTXHODVHJXQGDYH]DXQTXHDUPyQLFDPHQWHHVLGpQWLFDDOD
VHPLIUDVHDQWHULRUYDUtDHQODGLVSRVLFLyQGHODVYRFHVLQWURGXFLHQGRODQXHYD
VHQVLEOH³GR³HQODYR]VXSHULRUVREUHHODFHQWRGH©KHUPiQDª³F³
GHQWUR GH XQ GLVHxR PHOyGLFR DVFHQGHQWH R DQiEDVLV TXH FXOPLQD OD SLH]D
HQODQRWDPiVDOWD³UH³GHWRGRHOGLVFXUVRKDFLpQGRODFRUUHVSRQGHUVREUH
ODSDODEUD©VROª³F8QD\RWUDUHDOL]DFLyQPXVLFDOLQWHUSUHWDQGHPRGR
ORVFRPSRVLWRUHVGHÀQDOHVGHO;9,\SULQFLSLRVGHO;9,,MDPiVVHSODQWHDUDQXQGLVFXUVRDUPyQLFD
PHQWHHVWUXFWXUDGR\DTXHHOUHVXOWDGRSROLIyQLFRQRHUDRWUDFRVDVLQRHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQDFRQYHUJHQFLD
PHOyGLFD1DGLHVXSRQHHQ*DEULHO'tD]XQGHVDUUROORDUPyQLFRFRQVFLHQWHSDUHMRDODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQ
DUPyQLFRVLPEyOLFDTXH:DJQHUXWLOL]DHQODWHWUDORJtDSXHVHQWRGRPRPHQWRDOPHQRVHQQXHVWURFDVR
HOVHQWLGRFRP~QKDJXLDGRQXHVWURDQiOLVLV1RREVWDQWHVtTXLVLpUDPRVUHFRUGDUDTXtODLPSRUWDQFLDGH
HVWDYDORUDFLyQDUPyQLFDDOLJXDOTXHVHKDKHFKRHQODREUDGH3DOHVWULQD¢$FDVRVHSXHGHSDVDUSRU
DOWRODULTXH]D\YDULHGDGHQODGLVSRVLFLyQGHODVYRFHVHQGLVWLQWDVREUDVGHOLWDOLDQRVREUHXQDHOHPHQWDO
VHFXHQFLDDUPyQLFDSHUIHFWDPHQWHDQDOL]DEOH"¢$FDVRQRQRVSRGHPRVSUHJXQWDUFXiQWRVFRPSRVLWRUHV
KDQHVWUXFWXUDGRVXLGLROHFWRPXVLFDOVREUHXQOHQJXDMHDUPyQLFRIXQFLRQDOTXHGHVFRQRFtDQ"/RVUHFXUVRV
FRPSRVLWLYRVGHULYDGRVGHXQDIDFWXUDFRQWUDSXQWtVWLFD³FiQRQHVHLPLWDFLRQHVDGLVWLQWRVLQWHUYDORV
LQYHUVLRQHVUHWURJUDGDFLRQHVHLQYHUVLRQHVUHWURJUDGDGDVHQORVFDVRVPiVFRPSOHMRV³DYDQ]DQVREUH
DFXHUGRVGHFRQVRQDQFLDV\GLVRQDQFLDVLQWHUYiOLFDV\DPHGLGDTXHVHSURGXFHXQDVHQVLELOL]DFLyQHQODV
UHJLRQHVPRGDOHVPiVFODUDPHQWHVHSHUÀODQHQODFHVDUPyQLFRIXQFLRQDOHV(YLGHQWHPHQWHQDGLHSLHQVD
HQXQPRPHQWRWDQWHPSUDQRHQHOFRQFHSWRGRPLQDQWHGHODGRPLQDQWHSHURDKtHVWi¢&RQRFtD%DFK
HOFRQFHSWRGHFDGHQFLDURWD"4XLHURSXHVLQVLVWLUHQTXHWRGDUHIHUHQFLDDUPyQLFDIXQFLRQDOGHEHVHU
HQWHQGLGDFRPRXQPHURLQVWUXPHQWRGHDQiOLVLVQRFRPRHOGHVFXEULPLHQWRGHXQDIRUPDFRQVFLHQWH
GH SURFHGHU GHO FRPSRVLWRU &XDQGR ORV ÀOyORJRV DQDOL]DQ FRQ GHWHQLPLHQWR HO 8O\VVHV GH -R\FH \ VH
VLUYHQGHORVDYDQFHVHQQDUUDWRORJtDHQQLQJ~QPRGRVXSRQHQTXHFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHHOHVFULWRULUODQGpV
FRQRFLHUDDOJRTXHVyORODSUiFWLFDHQHODQiOLVLV\ODSUHRFXSDFLyQWHyULFDHQHOiPELWRDFDGpPLFRKD
IRUMDGRFRPR~WLOSDUDKDFHUKDEODUDORVWH[WRV'HLJXDOPRGRODSLQWXUDGH3RXVVLQSXHGHVHUHVWXGLDGD
ELHQFRQVLGHUDQGRODVWHRUtDVKHUHGDGDVSRUHODUWLVWDODVSUiFWLFDVGHVXpSRFDELHQFRQVLGHUDQGRTXHHO
IDVFLQDQWHHQFDQWRGHODIRUPD\HOFRORUUHVLGHHQUD]RQHVGHFRPSRVLFLyQJHRPpWULFD\GHUHDFFLRQHV
TXtPLFDVHQODSLJPHQWDFLyQTXHHQDTXHOPRPHQWRQRSRGtDQSODQWHDUVHHQORVWpUPLQRVHQTXHKR\
DSDUHFHQ 6L TXHUHPRV HQULTXHFHUQRV D WUDYpV GH OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GH XQRV WH[WRV OLWHUDULRV SLFWyULFRV
R PXVLFDOHV TXH RIUHFHQ VX DPELJHGDG VHPiQWLFD FRPR FXVWRGLD GH VX YDORU DUWtVWLFR PiV QRV YDOH
GHVSUHQGHUQRVGHWRGDUHYHUHQFLDKLVWRULFLVWDDQFODGDHQODFDGXFDLQWHQFLyQGHODXWRU(QQXHVWURFDVR
ODV DOXVLRQHV DUPyQLFDV VRQ RFDVLRQDOHV SXHV LQVLVWLPRV HQ PRYLPLHQWRV PHOyGLFRV FODVLÀFDEOHV EDMR
SRVWHULRUHV VLVWHPDWL]DFLRQHV UHWyULFDV &XDQGR XQD REUD GH DUWH VH QRV SUHVHQWD FRPR WDO HV SRUTXH
EiVLFDPHQWHHVHVHQFLDO\HQHOODQRKD\QDGDDUELWUDULR3RUHVWDUD]yQQRVRWURVWUDWDPRVGHMXVWLÀFDU
FLHUWDVGHFLVLRQHVPXVLFDOHVHQIXQFLyQGHXQWH[WRTXHQRHVWRPDGRSRUHOFRPSRVLWRUDOD]DUVLQRTXH
VXSXHVWDPHQWHWUDWDGHH[SUHVDUDWUDYpVGHVXVSURSLRVUHFXUVRV&UHRTXHVHUtDWLUDUSLHGUDVFRQWUDHO
WHMDGRGHODSURSLDIDFWXUDPXVLFDOHOKHFKRGHFRQVLGHUDUTXHpVWDHVWRWDOPHQWHDUELWUDULD\GHSHQGLHQWH
GHFRQYHQFLRQHVHVWLOtVWLFDVWDO\FRPRSURSXVRODSURIHVRUD(W]LRQ¢3RUTXpQRDEULUXQSRFRPiVORV
RMRV\GHVFXEULUGHFLVLRQHVSXQWXDOHVPRWLYDGDVFRQVFLHQWHRLQFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHSRUHOWH[WR"&RQVLGHUDU
ODP~VLFDFRPRXQDSURGXFFLyQDUELWUDULDHQUHODFLyQDOWH[WR¢QRHVUHGXFLUODDXQDPHUDSUR\HFFLyQ
LQFRQVFLHQWHGHUHFXUVRVSXUDPHQWHPXVLFDOHVDUURMDGRVDOVLQVHQWLGRSRUPXFKRTXHVHMXVWLÀTXHQHQ
YLUWXGGHXQDIRUPDGHSURFHGHU\HVWLORKLVWyULFRFRQVWDWDGR"
3DUDFRQRFHUFRQPD\RUGHWDOOHODVFRQGLFLRQHVPHOyGLFDVGHHVWHWLSRGHFRPSRVLFLRQHVYLG
/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxROD9RO6LJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
GLVWLQWRHOHVWULELOORDWUDYpVGHSURFHGLPLHQWRVGLIHUHQWHVHVWXGLDGRVSRUXQD
LQFLSLHQWHGLVFLSOLQDTXHKDGDGRHQOODPDUVHUHWyULFDPXVLFDO
'XUDQWHHOVLJOR;9,,VHGHVDUUROOyXQDRUDWRULDHVSHFtÀFDPHQWHPXVLFDOXQFyGLJROp[LFR\
KHUPHQpXWLFRGH©ÀJXUDVªPXVLFDOHVUHWyULFDVFRQORVFXDOHVGHVFLIUDUHORUGHQUHWyULFRTXHODP~VLFD
YRFDOLQÀHUHGHOWH[WR6DOYDQGRODVDÀQLGDGHVWUDGLFLRQDOHV³SHURJHQpULFDV\VXSHUÀFLDOHV³GHP~
VLFD \ UHWyULFD HO IHQyPHQR HVSHFtÀFR IXH HQ UHDOLGDG PX\ OLPLWDGR 0iV TXH XQ SUR\HFWR RUJiQLFR
GHSRpWLFDPXVLFDOHVWRUHSUHVHQWyXQDWHQWDWLYDGHUDFLRQDOL]DUFRQORVLQVWUXPHQWRVFRQFHSWXDOHVGH
OD WUDGLFLyQ UHWyULFD FOiVLFD \ FRQ OD D\XGD GH VX WHUPLQRORJtD DTXHOODV OLFHQFLDV FRPSRVLWLYDV GH OD
PRGHUQDP~VLFDH[SUHVLYD³GHSURFHGHQFLDLWDOLDQD³DFHUFDGHODVFXDOHVODWHRUtDGHOFRQWUDSXQWRQR
SRGtDGDUUD]RQHV(QHVWHVHQWLGRHOIHQyPHQRDXQTXHHItPHURIXHGHYHUGDGVLJQLÀFDWLYRHQHOVHQWLGR
GHXQDDPSOLDFLyQGHODWHRUtDGHOFRQWUDSXQWRKDVWDFRPSUHQGHU\MXVWLÀFDUODVOLFHQFLDVGHRWURPRGR
LUUDFLRQDOHV/DUHWyULFDHQVXPDIXQFLRQyFRPROHJLWLPDFLyQGHLUUHJXODULGDGHVOH[LFDOHV\VLQWiFWLFDV
QR\DFRPRSURPRWRUDGHXQDRUDWRULDDIHFWLYDPHQWHHÀFD]QLVHFRQVROLGyMDPiVHQXQFyGLJRSRpWLFRR
KHUPHQpXWLFRFRKHUHQWH6REUHODUHODFLyQHQWUHP~VLFD\UHWyULFDFRQV~OWHQVHHQWUHRWURVORVVLJXLHQWHV
HVWXGLRV*RQ]iOH]9DOOH-9©0~VLFD\5HWyULFD8QDQXHYDWUD\HFWRULDGHO$UV0XVLFD\OD0XVLFD
3UDFWLFDDFRPLHQ]RVGHO%DUURFRª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFRORJtD;QžSiJV&ROOLQV&
©0XVLFDO3RHWLFVª1RWHV4XDUWHUO\RIWKH0XVLF/LEUDU\$VVRFLDWLRQQžSiJV9HJD0-
©(OPRGHORUHWyULFRHQODWHRUtDPXVLFDO\KXPDQLVWDODDGHFXDFLyQ\HOGHFRURªHQ+HUQiGH]$HG
7HRUtDGHODUWH\WHRUtDGHODOLWHUDWXUD&iGL]8QLYHUVLGDGGH&DGL]SiJV9LFNHUV%©)LJXUHV
RI5KHWRULF)LJXUHVRI0XVLFª5KHWRULFDYROQžSiJV3DUDPiVLQIRUPDFLyQFRQV~OWHQVH
ORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDEDMRVDOJRPiVUHFLHQWHVVREUHUHWyULFDPXVLFDO$$990XVLTXHHW5KpWRULTXHDYDQW
8QLYHUVLWpGH3DULV,96RUERQQH&RORTXLRTXHWXYROXJDUORVGtDV\GHPDU]RRUJDQL]DGR
SRU)ORUHQFH0DOKRPPHHQSUHSDUDFLyQ%DQGXU0©%HVSUHFKXQJHQ¶:RUGOHVV5KHWRULF0X
VLFDO)RUPDQGWKH0HWDSKRURIWKH2UDWLRQªYRQ0DUN(YDQ%RQGVXQG¶+D\GQ·V6\PSKRQLF)RUPV
(VVD\VLQ&RPSRVLWLRQDO/RJLF·YRQ(WDKQ+DLQHª'LH0XVLNIRU]KXQJQžSiJV
%HFHUUD6FKPLGW*©/DSRVLELOLGDGGHXQDUHWyULFDPXVLFDOKR\ª5HYLVWDPXVLFDOFKLOHQDQž
SiJV%RUJHUGLQJ7©3UHDFKHUV3URQXQWLDWLRDQG0XVLF+HDULQJ5KHWRULFLQ5HQDLV
VDQFH6DFUHG3RO\SKRQ\ª0XVLFDO4XDUWHUO\QžSiJV%RVH0©+XPDQLVP
(QJOLVKDQGWKH5KHWRULFRI&ULWLFLVPª0XVLFDQG/HWWHUVQžSiJV&RKHQ/HYLQDV
'DQLHOOH©5KpWRULTXHGHODVLJQLÀFDWLRQHWGXODQJDJHPXVLFDOªHQ0LHUHDQX&HG/HVXQLYHUVDX[HQ
PXVLTXH3DULV&156SiJV'LWWULFK5D\PRQG©=XU5H]HSWLRQGHUUKHWRULVFKHQ6WLOOHKUH
GXUFKGLH0XVLNWKHRULHGHVXQG-DKUXQGHUWVª&RQFHUWR'DV0DJD]LQIU$OWH0XVLNQž
SiJV(QGHUV-©9LVLRQVZLWK9RLFHV7KH5KHWRULFRI0HPRU\DQG0XVLFLQ/LWXUJLFDO
'UDPDª&RPSDUDWLYH'UDPDSiJV(QGHUV-©0XVLF'HOLYHU\DQGWKH5KHWRULFRI
0HPRU\LQ*XLOODXPHGH0DFKDXW¶3HQGHGH)RUWXQH·ª3XEOLFDWLRQRI7KH0RGHUQ/DQJXDJHRI$PHULFD
QžSiJV)OLQGHOO()©%DFK·V7HPSRVDQG5KHWRULFDO$SSOLFDWLRQVª%DFK
7KH-RXUQDORIWKH5LHPHQVFKQHLGHU%DFK,QVWLWXWHQžSiJV0)URPVRQ©$
&RQMXFWLRQRI5KHWRULFLQ0XVLF6WUXFWXUDO0RGHOLQJLQWKH,WDOLDQ&RQWHUUHIRUPDWLRQ0RWHWª-RXUQDO
RIWKH5R\DO0XVLF$VVRFLDWLRQSiJV*RQ]iOH]9DOOH-9©0~VLFDYRFDOHVSDxROD
GHOVLJOR;9,,7pFQLFDGHFRPSRVLFLyQFRPRKHUPHQpXWLFDGHOWH[WRªHQ$$990~VLFD\
/LWHUDWXUDHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD9DOODGROLG8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOODGROLGSiJV+HQVKDZ
&©0XVLFDQG)LJXUHDQG$IIHFWLRQLQ%DURTXH3HUIRUPDQFHª7KH&RQVRUW(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI(DUO\
0XVLFSiJV0F&OHOODQG-©0XVLFZLWK:RUGV6HPLRWLF5KHWRULFª5KHWRULFDQž
SiJV9DMGD*\|UJ\0©8WSLFWXUDSRHVLVXWPXVLFDSRHVLVª1HRKHOLFRQ;;,,Qž
SiJV9HFFKLRQH%©0XVLTXH+HUPHQHXWLTXH5KHWRULTXH$QWKURSRORJLHªHQ(VFDO
)HW,PEHUW\0eGV/DPXVLTXHDXUHJDUGGHVVFLHQFHVKXPDLQHVHWGHVVFLHQFHVVRFLDOHV3DULV
/·+DUPDWWDQSiJV:DONHU3©)XJXHLQWKH0XVLF5KHWRULFDO$QDORJ\DQG5KHWRULFLQ
WKH'HYHORSPHQWRI)XJXHª%DFK3HUVSHFWLYHVSiJV:LOVRQ%0F'©8WRUDWRULD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
3DUWLHQGRGHHVWD©UHWyULFDPXVLFDOªHVQHFHVDULRWHQHUSXHVFRPRWUDQVIRQGR
WHyULFR GH HVWDV FRPSRVLFLRQHV ³GHQWUR GH OD HVWpWLFD PXVLFDO GHO PRPHQ
WR³DXQDÀJXUDFRPRODGH3HGUR&HURQHDXWRUGH(O0HORSHRDXWpQWLFD
HQFLFORSHGLD H[KDXVWLYD JHQHUDO TXH DEDUFD WRGRV ORV SUREOHPDV \ WRGRV ORV
FDPSRVGHOVDEHUPXVLFDOGHHQWRQFHVWDQWRWHyULFRFRPRSUiFWLFR6XQRPEUH
DTXt QR HV JUDWXLWR SXHV WXYR UHODFLyQ FRQ ORV PHMRUHV P~VLFRV GH OD pSRFD
HQWUHORVTXHFDEHFRQWDUD)HOLSH5RJLHU\D0DWHR5RPHURDPERVQRVyOR
©LOXVWUDGRUHVªGHODREUDSRpWLFDJRQJRULQD³FRPR\DVDEHPRV³VLQRWDPELpQ
GHODVFRPSOHMDVHQVHxDQ]DV³HFRVHQLJPDVPXVLFDOHVFiQRQHVHQLJPiWLFRV
\VHFUHWRVHWF³GHOP~VLFREHUJDPDVFR
'HODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVHOHJLGDVXQDGHHOODVKDFHXQXVRHYLGHQWHGHOFRQ
WUDSXQWRPLHQWUDVTXHODRWUDVHDUWLFXODVREUHXQDHVWUXFWXUDYHUWLFDO³ORFXDO
GHQRWDFLHUWDPRGHUQLGDGDUPyQLFD$PERVSURFHGLPLHQWRVUHVSRQGHQDXQPRGR
GHKDFHUFRPSUHQVLEOHHOWH[WR3DUD&DUPHQ9DOFiUFHO
ODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOWH[WRGHSHQGtDGHORVWLSRVGHWH[WXUDSROLIyQLFD
HVGHFLUGHODUHODFLyQTXHVHHVWDEOHFtDHQWUHODVYRFHV3RUHMHPSOR
XQDWH[WXUDKRPRUUtWPLFD³FXDQGRWRGDVODVYRFHVSUHVHQWDQPiVR
PHQRVXQDPLVPDHVWUXFWXUDUtWPLFDVLPXOWiQHD³SHUPLWtDXQPHMRU
HQWHQGLPLHQWRGHOWH[WR/DGLÀFXOWDGFRPLHQ]DFXDQGRHOWH[WRSUHVHQ
WDXQDWH[WXUDLPLWDWLYDHVGHFLUFXDQGRXQDYR]FRPLHQ]DXQDIUDVH
PXVLFDO\DpVWDOHVXFHGHODVHJXQGDYR]OXHJRODWHUFHUD\ÀQDOPHQWH
OD~OWLPDHQXQSURFHVRGHFRQFDWHQDFLyQGHYRFHVODVWH[WXUDVSXH
GHQFDPELDULQFOXVRGHQWURGHXQDFRPSRVLFLyQVHSXHGHHPSH]DU
PXVLFDLQWKH:ULWLQJVRI5HQDLVVDQFH0XVLF7KHRULVWª)HVWD0XVLFRORJLFD(VVD\VLQ+RQRXURI*HRUJH
-%XHOORZ6WX\YHVDQW1HZ<RUN3HQGUDJRQSiJV
3DUDFRQRFHUODHVWpWLFDPXVLFDOGHODpSRFDYLG/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSD
xRODYRO(OVLJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJV0HQpQGH]3HOD\R5+LVWRULDGH,GHDV(VWpWLFDVRS
FLWYRO,SiJV/HyQ7HOOR)-/DWHRUtDHVSDxRODGHODP~VLFDHQORVVLJORV;9,,\;9,,,
0DGULG&6,&
©(Q0DGULGFRQRFLyDDOJXQRVGHORVPHMRUHVP~VLFRVGHOD(VSDxDGHVXpSRFD)HOLSH5RJLHU
HOPDHVWUR&DSLWiQ$QWRQLR$UUDWLD%HUQDUGR&ODYLMRHWF\DWUDYpVGHOFRQGHGH/HPRVTXHVHKDEtD
FRQVWLWXLGRVXSURWHFWRUFRLQFLGLyQDGDPHQRVTXHFRQ&HUYDQWHVHQWRQFHVWDPELpQSURWHJLGRGHOPLVPR
SUyFHUª3DUDXQDELRJUDItDGH&HURQHYLG/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxRODYRO6LJOR
;9,,RSFLWSiJV%DVHOJD(VWHYH5©3HGUR&HURQHGH%pUJDPR(VWXGLRELRELEOLRJUiÀFRª
7HVRUR6DFUR0XVLFDOQžSiJV\QžSiJV
/DÀJXUDGH&HURQHHVYLOLSHQGLDGDSRU0HQpQGH]3HOD\RYLG+LVWRULDGHODV,GHDV(VWpWLFDV
YRO,RSFLWSiJ3DUD/ySH]&DOyVXLPSRUWDQFLDHVJUDQGH©(OGtDTXHORVPXVLFyORJRVVHGHFL
GDQDHQWUDUVLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHSRUVXVSiJLQDVVXSHUDQGRODFLHUWDPHQWHHQRUPHGLÀFXOWDGTXHVXSRQHHO
IiUUDJRGHQRWLFLDVGDWRVSUHFHSWRVFRQVHMRVGHDTXHOODVOHWUDDSUHWDGDHQFRQWUDUiQVLQGXGDVROXFLyQ
DQXPHURVRVHQLJPDVTXHODP~VLFDHVSDxRODGHORVFRPLHQ]RVGHO%DUURFRQRVSUHVHQWDWRGDYtDªYLG
+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxRODYRO(OVLJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
FRQXQDVHFFLyQLPLWDWLYD\OXHJRSDVDUDXQDVHFFLyQKRPRUUtWPLFD
HQHVWHFDVRHOUHVXOWDGRHVTXHODHQWLGDGSRpWLFDSLHUGHSDUWHGHVX
LQWHJULGDGSDUDLQFRUSRUDUVHDOIRUPDWRPXVLFDO/RVSROLIRQLVWDVHUDQ
FRQVFLHQWHVGHHOORHLQWHQWDEDQVROXFLRQDUORDGRUQDQGRODVSDODEUDV
ÀQDOHVGHODVGLVWLQWDVIUDVHVPXVLFDOHVKDVWDOOHJDUXQLGDVDOÀQDOGH
ODFRPSRVLFLyQRELHQUHGXFLHQGRIUDVHVHQDOJXQDVYRFHV'HWRGDV
IRUPDVVHUtDEDVWDQWHFXHVWLRQDEOHSHQVDUTXHODSROLIRQtDGLÀFXOWDHO
VHQWLGRGHOWH[WRSXHGHREVWUXLUVXHVWUXFWXUDPRUIRVLQWiFWLFDSHURQR
HVWDQLPSRVLEOHHQWHQGHUFXDWURRFLQFRIUDVHVPXVLFDOHVDOPLVPR
WLHPSRVREUHWRGRVLORVR\HQWHVHVWiQDFRVWXPEUDGRV
&RQHVWRHQWUDPRVGHOOHQRHQHODQiOLVLVIRUPDO6DEHPRVTXHHOURPDQFH
DGTXLHUH XQ WRQR FXOWR D ÀQDOHV GHO ;9, PHGLDQWH OD DGRSFLyQ GH HOHPHQWRV
OtULFRV\TXHPXVLFDGRFXOPLQDUiHQHOURPDQFHSROLIyQLFRTXHVHIXQGHFRQHO
YLOODQFLFR(QHVWHVHQWLGRHOURPDQFHVHSOLHJDDODIRUPDPXVLFDODGRSWDQGR
ODVVLJXLHQWHVFRPELQDFLRQHVHVWUyÀFDVXQDVRODHVWURIDPXVLFDOTXHVHUHSLWH
FDGDFXDWURYHUVRVHVWURID\HVWULELOORHVWULELOOR\HVWURIDFRPRHVHOFDVRGH
ODPXVLFDOL]DFLyQGHO&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD\ODGLVSRVLFLyQPiVFRPSOHMD
GHURPDQFH\YLOODQFLFRHQODTXHHOWH[WRGHOURPDQFHVHGHVDUUROODHQYDULDV
FXDUWHWDVHQPHGLRGHODVFXDOHVVHLQWHUSRODXQYLOODQFLFR³FRSODVGHOURPDQ
FLOOR³FRPRRFXUUHFRQODFRPSRVLFLyQGH*DEULHO'tD]
(VWRLQÁX\HGHPRGRGHWHUPLQDQWHHQODVXFHVLYLGDGQDUUDWLYDGHOURPDQFH
SXHV\DQRHVVyORHOHVWULELOORHOTXHVHLQWHUSRODHQWUHFXDUWHWD\FXDUWHWD³DO
JXQDVGHODVFXDOHVFRPRVHxDODPRVQRFLHUUDQHOVHQWLGR³VLQRTXHDGHPiV
DUUDVWUDXQDVFRSODV³URPDQFLOOR³TXHGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDOLWHUDULRVRQ
FDQWDGDV GHVSXpV GHO HVWULELOOR DO ÀQDO GHO URPDQFH ³FDQWR D OD EHOOH]D GH
-DULID³SHURTXHHQODUHDOL]DFLyQPXVLFDOSHQHWUDQHQHOFXUVRQDUUDWLYRLQ
FRUSRUDQGRGHHVWHPRGRXQDVHULHGHVHQWLGRV\GHUHGHVLVRWySLFDVTXHGHRWUR
9LG9DOFiUFHO&©6DOJDQORVP~VLFRV\FDQWHXQDPXMHUªRSFLWSiJ
8Q DGHFXDGR DQiOLVLV IRUPDO WHQGUi HQ FXHQWD ORV VLJXLHQWH ©6yOR HO PRGHODGR FRQVFLHQWH
WUDQVIRUPDXQDVHULHGHQRWDVHQORVPiVGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVLQWHOLJLEOHVFUHDUHODFLRQHV
HQWUHSDUWHVRKDFHTXHVHHQIUHQWHQiVSHUDPHQWHHQGLVWLQWRVPRPHQWRV\GHGLIHUHQWHVPDQHUDVHVH
PRGHODGRDSXQWDDXQUHODFLyQ\DXQDFRKHUHQFLDWDQWRGHORVGHWDOOHVPXVLFDOHVFRPRGHOFRQMXQWR
3RUTXHHOWLSRGHFRQIRUPDFLyQGHSHQGHGHODQRFLyQTXHVHWHQJDGHODIRUPDHQODVGLYHUVDVWUDQV
IRUPDFLRQHV GH XQ FRPSRVLWRU OD IRUPD PXVLFDO UHSUHVHQWD PRGRV KLVWyULFRV GH SHQVDPLHQWR$PERV
IDFWRUHV VRQ LJXDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWHV OD SURSLD LGHD IRUPDO TXH VH UHYHOD WDQWR HQ ODV UDPLÀFDFLRQHV
LQWHUQDVFRPRHQODPDQXIDFWXUDH[WHULRUGHXQDREUD\ODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQKLVWyULFDGHHVDLGHDª9LG
.KQ&7UDWDGRGHODIRUPDPXVLFDO%DUFHORQD/DERUSiJ
/D WLSRORJtD HVWi WRPDGD GH9DOFiUFHO & ©3UREOHPDV GH HGLFLyQ GH ORV WH[WRV PXVLFDGRVª
RSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
PRGRQRVHDFWLYDUtDQKDVWDHOÀQDOGHODOHFWXUDFRPRXQDDQiIRUDPXVLFDO
GHDPSOLDVGLPHQVLRQHV
+D\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHODPXVLFDOL]DFLyQGHODFXDUWHWD³HQ'tD]WLHQH
XQDWH[WXUDKRPRUUtWPLFDDOLJXDOTXHHOURPDQFLOORDEULHQGRODLPLWDFLyQHQ
HO HVWULELOOR YHUGDGHUR FHQWUR GH OD FRPSRVLFLyQ³ VXSRQH OD UHSHWLFLyQ GH
XQDHVWUXFWXUDÀMDSDUDORVFRQWHQLGRVGHODVGLVWLQWDVHVWURIDV³TXHVRQHQOD
IRUPDVLQHPEDUJRPX\VHPHMDQWHVXQDVDRWUDV/DUHSHWLFLyQHVHQP~VLFD
OD IXHU]D JHQHUDGRUD PiV VLPSOH \ DO PLVPR WLHPSR PiV HQpUJLFD 0DUFD
ORV SXQWRV GH UHIHUHQFLD TXH YLHQHQ D VHU HQ HO WUDQVFXUVR PXVLFDO FRPR ORV
SLODUHVTXHVXVWHQWDQXQSXHQWH&XDQWRPiVTXLHUDJLUDUODP~VLFDHQVtPLVPD
WDQWRPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVVHKDFHQODVUHSHWLFLRQHV$KRUDELHQODUHSHWLFLyQTXH
VLJQLÀFDH[SOtFLWDPHQWHODUHQXQFLDDDOJRQXHYRFRQOOHYDRWUDVFRQVHFXHQFLDV
TXHLPSXOVDQODP~VLFDPHGLDQWHODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHDOJXQDRWUDFRVDPHGLDQWH
XQFDPELRVLPXOWiQHRHQRWUDGLPHQVLyQDSDUHFHQSXHVORTXHGHQRPLQDPRV
YDULDQWHV(VWRSXHGHYHUVHHQODVGLVWLQWDVIRUPXODFLRQHVGH©(OKLMRGH9HQXVª
HQODREUDGH*DEULHO'tD]GRQGHDGRVYRFHV\FRQHOPLVPRSDWUyQUtWPLFR\
PHOyGLFRVHDOWHUDHOiPELWRDUPyQLFRKLSpUEDWRQ³LQFOXVRHQODVLQYHUVLRQHV
ODSULPHUDYH]FQRVGHMDUtDHQXQVXSXHVWR6RO0ODVHJXQGDYH]FF
SUHSDUDODGRPLQDQWHGHXQDSRVLEOHUHJLyQGH)D0ODWHUFHUDYH]FF
UHDOL]DXQFODURUHFRUULGRDUPyQLFRDQWHVGHOOHJDUDXQVXSXHVWR'R0
/DIRUPDPXVLFDOHVSRUWDQWRHOFULWHULRSDUDODHGLFLyQTXH4XHUROKDFHGHOURPDQFHGLV
SRVLFLyQTXHFRQWUDVWDFRQOD©OLWHUDULDªGHOUHVWRGHHGLWRUHV
&XDQGR%DO\*D\GHVFULEHHOFRUSXVGHSLH]DVTXHFRPSRQHQODV7UHLQWD&DQFLRQHVGH/RSH
GH9HJDRSFLWSiJQRVLQGLFDORVLJXLHQWH©(OSURFHGLPLHQWRGHHVFULWXUDGHWRGDVODVFDQFLRQHV
TXH SUHVHQWDPRV HV HQ JHQHUDO XQD PH]FOD GH SROLIRQtD \ KRPRIRQtD FRQ SUHGRPLQLR GH HVWD ~OWLPD
HV GHFLU TXH OD HVFULWXUD SDUHFH SHQVDGD YHUWLFDOPHQWH SRU DFRUGHV ³FRPR VHUtD HO FDVR GH OD REUD
GHO&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD³DXQTXHDGHPiVGHFLHUWRVSDVDMHVSXUDPHQWHFRQWUDSXQWtVWLFRVODVDELD
FRQGXFFLyQGHODVYRFHVQRVHVWiDGYLUWLHQGRVLHPSUHTXHGHWUiVGHHVDKRPRIRQtDKD\XQDIXHUWHFLHQFLD
SROLIyQLFDª3iJLQDVDWUiVKDEtDFDUDFWHUL]DGRODP~VLFDGHODpSRFDSiJ
1DGLHSRGUtDFXHVWLRQDUTXHHOURPDQFLOORRIUHFHXQHVTXHPDDUPyQLFRTXHHYROXFLRQDDWUDYpV
GHTXLQWDVGHVFHQGHQWHVWUDQVIRUPDQGRORVDFRUGHVHQGRPLQDQWHVVHFXQGDULDV,UHP9PLQRUL]DGR,
DPRGRGHERUGDGXUDDUPyQLFD,9PD\RUL]DGR9,9\VHPLFDGHQFLDVREUHHO,9PD\RUL]DGRÁH[LyQ
D6RO0$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHLQLFLDXQGHVFHQVRGHTXLQWDV6RO0FRPRGRPLQDQWHGH'R0\HVWHD
VXYH]FRPRGRPLQDQWHGH)D0UHODWLYRPD\RUGHUHP$SDUWLUGHDKt\DWUDYpVGHXQDFDGHQFLDURWD
³F³UHJUHVDPRVDUHPFRQFOX\HQGRFRQXQ,9,
(VWH IHQyPHQR HV FDSLWDO SDUD HO PRGHODGR GH OD IRUPD ©3DUD HO FRPSRVLWRU HV LPSRUWDQWH
HOTXHHOR\HQWHSRUSULQFLSLR\GHPDQHUDLQVWLQWLYDUHODFLRQHXQRVFRQRWURVGLYHUVRVPRPHQWRVGH
ODREUD\VLJDH[SHFWDQWHHQXQDFLHUWDGLUHFFLyQ([SHFWDFLyQ\UHFXHUGRDFW~DQFRQMXQWDPHQWHª9LG
.KQ&7UDWDGRGHODIRUPDPXVLFDORSFLWSiJ
8QDYDULDQWHFRQVLVWHHQODUHIHUHQFLDFODUDPHQWHUHFRQRFLEOHDODQWHFHGHQWHVLQVHULGpQWLFDD
pOVHGHVYtDGHpVWHVLQGLVWDQFLDUVHGHPDVLDGR6LGRPLQDDOJRLJXDORVLPLODUHQWRQFHVVHDSUR[LPDD
ODUHSHWLFLyQVLVHGDXQDSUHSRQGHUDQFLDGHORGLIHUHQWHHLQFOXVRGHORRSXHVWRHQWRQFHVQRVPRYHPRV
HQODGLUHFFLyQGHO©FRQWUDVWHª9LG/D5XH-$QiOLVLVGHOHVWLORPXVLFDO%DUFHORQD/DERUSiJ
\VV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
UHP,,JUDGR\6RO09GRQGHDPEDVYRFHVUHDOL]DQHOPLVPRWH[WRVREUHXQD
FXDUWDDVFHQGHQWHHQOD~OWLPDRFDVLyQFFQRVFRQGXFHGHQXHYRKDFLD
6ROPD\RUDWUDYpVGHODVHQVLEOHHQODVRSUDQR©GLFHQELHQªHQODÀJXUDTXHVH
FRQRFHFRPRVLPSORTXH/RPLVPRVHSXHGHGHFLUGHODVGLIHUHQWHVDOWXUDV
HQODVTXHDSDUHFH©¢TXLpQ"ªVREUHLGpQWLFRVGLVHxRVGHVHJXQGDVVLQFRSDGDVOD
SULPHUDYH]VREUHXQUHFODVHJXQGDVREUHRWURUHF\ÀQDOPHQWHVREUH
XQPLF(QWpUPLQRVGHUHWyULFDPXVLFDOXQDFODUDDQDOHSVLVRSDOOLORJLD
OOHYDGDDOFOtPD[DWUDYpVGHXQDVLQpUHVLVRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHDFHQWRV
'HEHPRVLJXDOPHQWHGHVWDFDUHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQODLPLWDFLyQVREUHEDMR\
FRQWUDOWR HQ GLVWLQWRV WRQRV GHO VLQWDJPD ©/D KHUPDQD GHO 6ROª GHULYDGD HQ
GHÀQLWLYDGHODIUDVH©VLQRFRQGXFLGRªF\DQDSORTXHRUHSHWLFLyQPHOy
GLFDHQFRQWH[WRVGLIHUHQWHV7pQJDVHHQFXHQWDDGHPiVTXHODVGRVSULPHUDV
YHFHV TXH HVWH WH[WR DSDUHFH VH GD HQ IRUPD GH LPLWDFLyQ OLEUH D GLVWDQFLD GH
FXDUWD³F\³ODVVLJXLHQWHVGRVRFDVLRQHVVHGDUiFRQXQLQLFLR\ÀQDO
KRPRUUtWPLFR³F\³\FRPRVtQWHVLVGHDPEDVUHDOL]DFLRQHVOD~OWLPD
YH] TXH VH SUHVHQWD ³F ³ OR KDFH HVWUHFKDQGR OD FDEH]D PHOyGLFD HQ
HO EDMR SURGXFLHQGR XQ HIHFWR GH PD\RU FRQGHQVDFLyQ FRPR FODUR SROLSWRWRQ
PXVLFDO
'HHVWHPRGRODFRPSRVLFLyQGH*DEULHO'tD]VHGHVHQYXHOYHFRQXQPR
YLPLHQWR LQFHVDQWH 6H HYLWD FXDOTXLHU FHVXUD FXDQGR XQD YR] FDOOD ODV RWUDV
FRQWLQ~DQ FDQWDQGR HQPDVFDUDQGR DVt ODV IyUPXODV FDGHQFLDOHV GLVWULEXLGDV
FRPRHQXQMXHJRHQLJPiWLFR3XHVWRTXHKD\FRQVWDQWHVLPLWDFLRQHVODVYR
/DHODERUDFLyQFRQWUDSXQWtVWLFDGHOHVWULYRWLHQHFLHUWDOyJLFDDUPyQLFD+D\TXHGHFLUTXHHO
FDQWRVROtVWLFRVHDSR\DVREUHHOVHJXQGRWHWUDFRUGRGHOPRGRGyULFRVREUHUHFRQORTXHHORtGRHVFXFKD
XQ DUPRQtD DVRFLDGD D OD UHJLyQ GH 6RO PD\RU$Vt HQWUH ORV FRPSDVHV \ SRGHPRV HVFXFKDU OD
VLJXLHQWHVHFXHQFLDDUPyQLFD,9,999,(VWDUHJLyQGH6ROPD\RUVHSURORQJDUiKDVWDHOFRPSiV
(QWRGRFDVRVLHOOHFWRUH[DPLQDFRQGHWDOOHODUHODFLyQGHVRQRULGDGHVYHUWLFDOHVHQOD]DGDVVHULJHQ
SRUODPLVPDOyJLFDDUPyQLFDPDQLÀHVWDHQODFXDUWHWD
(VWHSULQFLSLRGHOD©YDULHWDVªLQFRUSRUDUHODFLRQHVGHIRQGR&DGDYR]VHKDOODOLJDGDGHPRGR
ÁH[LEOHDODTXHWLHQHHQIUHQWHSRUXQDLGHQWLGDGPHOyGLFD9HPRVLQFOXVRTXHSRUFDGDXQLGDGGHWH[WR
XQDLGHDQXHYDYDSDVDQGRDWUDYpVGHODVGLVWLQWDVYRFHVHQJUDQDQGRVLQFHVXUDVXQDVFRQRWUDV
/DVHFXHQFLDDUPyQLFDGHODFXDUWHWDHVUHODWLYDPHQWHVHQFLOOD'DGRHOFDUiFWHUKtEULGRHQVXV
WHWUDFRUGRVGHOPRGRGyULFRQXHVWURRtGRHQFXHQWUDXQFRQVWDQWHLU\YHQLUHQWUHVRQRULGDGHVPD\RUHV\
PHQRUHV(OSULPHUYHUVRSUHVHQWDXQFODUR,9,VREUHORTXHSXGLHUDHQWHQGHUVHFRPRODUHJLyQGHUHP
(OYHUVRVLJXLHQWHQRVVLW~DVREUHHO,9JUDGRPD\RUL]DGR6RO0&XULRVDPHQWHHOWHUFHUYHUVRGHXQD
WH[WXUDSROLIyQLFDDOJRPiVFRPSOHMDQRVRIUHFHXQSODQWHDPLHQWRDUPyQLFRLJXDOPHQWHPiVHODERUDGR
GHVFHQVR GH TXLQWD VREUH 'R0 ÁH[LyQ D OD GRPLQDQWH PHQRU D WUDYpV GH VX GRPLQDQWH 0L0/DP
&RQFOX\H HO ~OWLPR YHUVR FRQ VX UHODWLYR PD\RU )D0 FDGHQFLD URWD 'R0UHP 9,9, UHP 6L
HYDOXDPRVHOUHFRUULGRDUPyQLFRSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHXQUHFRUULGRGHTXLQWDVGHVFHQGHQWHV5H6RO'RD
SDUWLUGHDKtDOOtGRQGHKD\XQDPD\RUHODERUDFLyQFRQWUDSXQWtVWLFDVHLQWURGXFHQORVHQFDGHQDPLHQWRV
GHWHUFHUD'R/DDWUDYpVGHVXGRPLQDQWH)D\XQDYH]TXHVHOOHJDDOUHODWLYRPD\RUDWUDYpVGHXQ
HQFDGHQDPLHQWRUXSWXULVWDFDGHQFLDURWDVHUHJUHVDDODUHJLyQDUPyQLFDSULQFLSDOUHP&RPRKDEUi
SRGLGRYHUVHHQQXHVWURWUDEDMROHMRVGHGHMDUDXQODGRODHODERUDFLyQFRQWUDSXQWtVWLFDKHPRVWUDWDGR
GHGHVEUR]DUODVLQUHQXQFLDUDERVTXHMDUFXiOHVVRQORVSLODUHVDUPyQLFRVTXHODFRQGXFHQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
FHVQRFDGHQFLDQVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHHQHOHVWULELOORDXQTXHSXHGDSHUFLELUVHXQD
FRQFRUGDQFLDHQODVYRFHVGHEDMR\FRQWUDOWR(VVLJQLÀFDWLYRTXHODVYRFHV
FDGHQFLHQFRQMXQWDPHQWHDOOtGRQGHHOSRHWDKDGLVSXHVWRXQDGHVXVDUTXHWtSLFDV
FOiXVXODVDEVROXWDVODWLQL]DQWHV³REVpUYHVHHQODVFXDUWHWDV2WURVHOHPHQWRVTXH
JHQHUDOWHQVLyQVRQORVUHWDUGRVGHODWHUFHUDSRUODFXDUWDRGHODTXLQWDSRUOD
VH[WD³FRQVWDQWHVHQ'tD]\DXVHQWHVSRUFRPSOHWRHQODSLH]DGHO&DQFLRQHUR
GH&RLPEUD7DPSRFRVHQRVSXHGHSDVDUSRUDOWRTXHPLHQWUDVTXHODREUDGH
*DEULHO'tD]WRGDYtDPDQLÀHVWDODVUHPLQLVFHQFLDVGHXQOHQJXDMHPRGDODUFDLFR
ODRWUDFRQÀUPDXQHOHPHQWDOOHQJXDMHDUPyQLFRLQFLSLHQWH
$PEDVREUDVSRVHHQXQULWPRWHUQDULRFRQGLVHxRVGDFWtOLFRV³QHJUDFRQ
SXQWLOOR FRUFKHD \ QHJUD³ IUHFXHQWHV HQ HVWH SHUtRGR 6LQ HPEDUJR HQ HO
PDHVWUR'tD]ODVVtQFRSDV³FRPSOHWDPHQWHDXVHQWHVHQODRWUDSLH]D³JHQH
UDQ XQD WHQVLyQ VLQJXODU ³SURORQJDFLyQ GH XQ WH[WR SUHVHQFLD GHO UHWDUGR \
FRQVHFXHQWHWHQVLyQDUPyQLFD³VREUHWRGRHQODUHODFLyQEODQFDFRQSXQWLOOR
QHJUD(VWDWHQVLyQVHPDQLÀHVWDDELHUWDPHQWHHQHOSULPHUYHUVRGHOHVWULELOOR
HQXQFLDGRSRU SULPHUD YH] HQ DPEDV REUDV PHGLDQWHXQ ©VRORª ©&RQ DUFR \
DOMDED¢TXLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"ª5HVSRQGHQODVGRVDORVLQWHQWRVGHLQWURGXFLU
HOFDQWRVROtVWLFRHQPHGLRGHOSROLIyQLFRIyUPXODLQQRYDGRUDDSULQFLSLRVGHO
;9,,6LQHPEDUJRODIXQFLyQGHXQR\GHRWURHVGLVWLQWD(QODSLH]DGHO
&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUDHVXQPHURFRQWUDVWHIUHQWHDODPDVDVRQRUDGHOFRUR
HQ*DEULHO'tD]HVODWHQVDHQXQFLDFLyQGHO©VXMHWRªGHXQODUJRFRQWUDSXQWR
OHMRVGHODKRPRIRQtD
©/DVYRFHVQRVLHPSUHFDGHQFLDUiQVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHDOÀQDOGHXQDIUDVHVLQRPXFKDVYHFHV
XQD GHVSXpV GH RWUD (YLWDPRV DVt ODV IUHFXHQWHV GHWHQFLRQHV \ QXHYRV FRPLHQ]RV HQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH
XQDFRPSRVLFLyQ/DWpFQLFDGHFDGHQFLDUDOWHUQDWLYDPHQWHWLHQHXQDHVSHFLDOLPSRUWDQFLDHQHOHVWLOR
LPLWDWLYRªYLG)RUQHU-&RQWUDSXQWRFUHDWLYRRSFLWSiJ
©$ PHGLGD TXH DYDQ]D HO VLJOR ;9,, YD JDQDQGR VHQVLEOHPHQWH SUHSRQGHUDQFLD HO FRPSiV
WHUQDULR\HQWRQFHVODSUiFWLFDJHQHUDOHVpVWDFXDQGRHOURPDQFHHPSLH]DFRQWHUQDULRHOHVWULELOOR
VDOYRFRQWDGDVH[FHSFLRQHVVHHVFULEHWDPELpQHQWHUQDULRSHURFXDQGRHOSULPHUSHULRGRFRPLHQ]DFRQ
FRPSiVELQDULRHOVHJXQGRVHHVFULEHHQWHUQDULRORJUDQGRDVtXQDRSRVLFLyQ\FRQWUDVWHVUtWPLFRVHQWUH
DPERVSHUtRGRVFX\DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\GLIHUHQFLDVTXHGDQSRUHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWRPiVGHVWDFDGDV8Q
FXDUHQWDSRUFLHQWRGHORVURPDQFHVSROLIyQLFRVGHHVWDpSRFDRIUHFHQHVWHFRQWUDVWHTXHFRQVWLWX\HXQD
GHODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVWtSLFDVGHODSROLIRQtDEDUURFDªYLG4XHURO*DYDOGD05RPDQFHV\/HWUDVD
WUHVYRFHVVLJOR;9,,YRO,%DUFHORQDSiJ
©(Q*XHUUHURDEXQGDPiVHOWHUQDULR\HVPiVIUHFXHQWHODVtQFRSD\QRVyORHQODFDGHQFLD
HQHOPRGRGLFKRDXQTXHWDPELpQODXVDPXFKRVLQRDORODUJRGHODFRPSRVLFLyQ3HURPDQWLHQHOD
WUDGLFLyQGHQRXQLUVHJXLGDVGRVVtQFRSDVDOPHQRVHQODPLVPDYR]VtDOWHUQDQGRYDULDVYRFHVIRUPD
PiVXVDGD(QFDPELR\DDSDUHFHHQpOXQDGLVSRVLFLyQTXHOXHJRVHUtDPiVXVDGDHQHOVLJOR;9,,
EODQFDFRQSXQWLOORQHJUDª9HPRVSXHVGyQGHVHVLW~DQORVDQWHFHGHQWHV\FyPRODREUDGH'tD]HV
KHUHGHUDGHODIDFWXUDGH*XHUUHUR9LG/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxRODRSFLWSiJ
4XHUROQRVLQGLFDTXpFULWHULRVGHEHQWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDSDUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODVVtQFRSDVYLG
7UDQVFULSFLyQHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODSROLIRQtDHVSDxRODGHORVVLJORV;9\;9,RSFLWSiJ
9LG/ySH]&DOy-+LVWRULDGHOD0~VLFD(VSDxROD6LJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJV\
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
&RQFOXLUHPRVÀQDOPHQWHQXHVWURHVWXGLRVHxDODQGRHOFDUiFWHUPDGULJDOHVFR
GHDPEDVREUDV³WpFQLFDTXH*yQJRUDFRQRFtD\TXHVHJXUDPHQWHSHQVDUDSDUD
VXVYHUVRV³FRQHOÀQGHFRQRFHUPHMRUORVPHFDQLVPRVGHORVTXHVHYDOLHURQ
DPERVFRPSRVLWRUHVSDUDODH[SUHVLyQGHOWH[WRSRpWLFR(Q*DEULHO'tD]VHRE
VHUYDHOPRYLPLHQWRPHOyGLFRGHVFHQGHQWHFDWiEDVLV³FRQXQDGLVPLQXFLyQ
GH YDORUHV UtWPLFRV PXOWLSOLFDWLR³ HQ HO YHUVR ©QR FRPR SUHFLSLWDGRª ³F
\ ³ ORV YDORUHV ODUJRV FDGHQFLDOHV VREUH ©FODURª ³F ³ ODV VtQFRSDV
³YLROHQFLDUtWPLFD³\ODVQRWDVDJXGDV³DODVTXHVHOOHJDSRUVDOWRGHRFWDYD
RH[FODPDWLR³VREUHODLQWHUURJDFLyQ³F³ODVFDGHQFLDVVREUH©6ROª
³F³HWF(VWRSURFHGLPLHQWRVLQWHQWDQWUDGXFLUGHVGHXQGLVFUHWRGUDPDWLV
PRODDOWXUDOtULFDGHODSDODEUDSRpWLFD(QODSLH]DGHO&DQFLRQHURGH&RLPEUD
HVWRVJHVWRVQRVRQPHQRVHYLGHQWHVODSDODEUD©SUHFLSLWDGRªDFDEDFRQXQVDOWR
GHVFHQGHQWHGHTXLQWD³F³VREUH©GHVFLHQGHªKD\DVXYH]XQ©GHUUXPED
PLHQWRªGHWHUFHUDVHQYRFHVDOWHUQDGDVTXHORLOXVWUDQJUiÀFDPHQWH³F³
HQ©FODURªDSDUHFHQODVFRUFKHDVDVFHQGHQWHVGHODVHJXQGDVRSUDQRTXHDGHPiV
UHSRVD VREUH OD PHGLDQWH ³WHUFHUD PD\RU³ PLHQWUDV TXH OD SULPHUD VRSUDQR
HQWRQDGRVQtWLGDVUHGRQGDVDGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXQGD³F(QFRQVHFXHQFLD
\DSHVDUGHORVHOHPHQWRVWDQGLYHUJHQWHVTXHSUHVHQWDQXQD\RWUDFRPSRVLFLyQ
HQPRGRDOJXQRSRGUHPRVQHJDUTXHDPEDVFRQWLHQHQHQJHUPHQXQDUHÁH[LyQ
SRpWLFD³HQWHQGLGDpVWDGHVGHVXPiVDPSOLRVHQWLGRHWLPROyJLFR³\VXYH]
XQDWUDGXFFLyQPXVLFDO³FDXFHGHXQVLVWHPDFRPXQLFDWLYRDRWUR³SUR\HFWDGD
VREUHODVSRVLELOLGDGHVH[SUHVLYDVGHODOtULFDiXUHD
1RGHMDGHVHUXQDFXULRVDFRLQFLGHQFLDHOKHFKRGHTXH0RQWHYHUGLDFDEDUDHQVXVOLEURV
GHPDGULJDOHVRIUHFLHQGRDVtVXVFDPLQRVSDUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHORVWH[WRVMXVWRXQDxRDQWHVGHOD
IHFKDGHFRPSRVLFLyQGHOURPDQFH3DUD0RQWHYHUGLYLG%LDQFRQL/6LJOR;9,,RSFLWSiJV
7pQJDVHHQFXHQWDTXHHVWHGHVPHQX]DPLHQWRLQWHUYiOLFRVHOLPLWDDRIUHFHUXQMXVWLÀFDFLyQGHOSURFHGHU
PHOyGLFRFRQUHODFLyQDOWH[WRTXHDUWLFXODDOPDUJHQGHFXDOTXLHUFRQWH[WRDUPyQLFR
6REUHHOPDGULJDOHVSDxROYLG.KQ&7UDWDGRGHODIRUPDPXVLFDORSFLWSiJ/ySH]
&DOy - +LVWRULD GH OD 0~VLFD (VSDxROD 6LJOR ;9,, RS FLW SiJ 4XHURO 0 7UDQVFULSFLyQ H
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODSROLIRQtDHVSDxRODGHORVVLJORV;9\;9,RSFLWSiJV%DO\*D\7UHLQWD
FDQFLRQHV GH /RSH GH 9HJD RS FLW HQ /RSH 5HFRJHPRV HVWD ~OWLPD FLWD ©'HVGH HO SXQWR GH
YLVWDPXVLFDOVLQHPEDUJRKDEODUGHPDGULJDOHVSDxROHVH[DJHUDGR6HWUDWDGH¶GLJQLÀFDU·ODFDOLGDG
DUWtVWLFDGHODP~VLFDHVSDxROD\DTXHDXQTXHKXERFDVRVGH¶SLQWXUDPXVLFDO·GHSDODEUDVQRVHOOHJy
QXQFDDODULTXH]DGHORVPDGULJDOHVLWDOLDQRV6yORHQORVFDQFLRQHURVPXVLFDOHVSULQFLSLRVGHO;9,,
SRUHMHPSORHO&DQFLRQHURGH6DEORQDUDVHFRPSRQHHLQWHUSUHWDDOQLYHOGHOPDGULJDOLVPRLWDOLDQRHQ
ODVREUDVGH0DWHR&DSLWiQ*DEULHO'tD]R0DQXHO0DFKDGRª9LG9DOFiUFHO&©6DOJDQORVP~VLFRV
\FDQWHXQDPXMHUªRSFLWSiJ
(QQXHVWURVLJORODREUDGH*yQJRUDKDVLGRHOUHIHUHQWHGHDOJXQRVFRPSRVLWRUHVFRPR/XLV
GH3DEORTXLHQKDWUDEDMDGRVREUHYDULRVIUDJPHQWRVGHODV6ROHGDGHV6HUtDLQWHUHVDQWHLQYHVWLJDUFXiOHV
KDQ VLGR ORV FDPLQRV TXH KD UHFRUULGR HVWH RWUR ©PDGULJDOLVPR FRQWHPSRUiQHRª HQ OD PXVLFDOL]DFLyQ
GHORVSRHPDVJRQJRULQRV9LG*DUFtDGHO%XVWR-/FRRUG(VFULWRVVREUH/XLVGH3DEOR0DGULG
7DXUXVSiJV5RJHU7LQQHOORIUHFHXQFDWiORJRH[KDXVWLYRGHODP~VLFDFRQWHPSRUiQHD
HVFULWDVREUHODREUDGH*yQJRUDHQVXOLEUR&DWiORJRDQRWDGRGHODP~VLFDHVSDxRODFRQWHPSRUiQHD
EDVDGDHQODOLWHUDWXUDHVSDxROD*UDQDGD(GLWRUDOD&RPDUHVSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
5HJUHVDSXHVODSDODEUDDOKRJDUGHODTXHGXUDQWHDxRVKDVLGRSDUDQXHVWUD
ÀORORJtD VX SDULHQWH PiV SREUH ³VL QR KXELHUD TXH KDEODU GH ©KHUPDQD GHV
SRMDGDª1XHVWURSURSyVLWRQRKDVLGRRWURVLQRHOGHDSHODU\UHFXUULU³FDVL
FRPR DERJDGRV GH RÀFLR³ XQD VHQWHQFLD TXH GHMy VLQ DPSDUR ORV GHUHFKRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVGHHVWRVIHQyPHQRVHVWpWLFRVFRPSOHMRV\HQGHÀQLWLYDGHWRGD
KLEULGDFLyQ DUWtVWLFD YXOQHUDGD IUHFXHQWHPHQWH SRU XQD LQFDSDFLWDFLyQ ÀOROy
JLFD\PXVLFDOTXHQLHJDVXQDWXUDOH]DSOXUDO1RREVWDQWHWDQWRODQHFHVLGDG
GH UHFXSHUDU SDUD OD SUXHED HVWH WLSR GH REUDV HQ ODV TXH P~VLFD \ OLWHUDWXUD
FRQYLYHQVROLGDULDVFRPRODGLÀFXOWDGGHVXSHUDUODVWUDEDVSURFHVDOHVGHXQD
FDXVDTXHVHQRVDQWRMD\DGHPDVLDGRODUJDQRVREOLJDQDQWHVGHHOHYDUQXHVWUDV
FRQFOXVLRQHVDGHÀQLWLYDVDWRPDUFRQFLHQFLDGHOLQPHQVRWUDEDMRTXHD~QQRV
TXHGDSRUKDFHU
'HODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWH
3RUODVIDOGDVGHO$WODQWH
QRFRPRSUHFLSLWDGR
VLQRFRPRFRQGXFLGR
DUUR\RGHVFLHQGHFODUR
DIHFXQGDUORVIUXWDOHV
\DGDUOLEUHDDORVFXDGURV
GHODVKXHUWDVGHO;DULIH
GHOMDUGtQGHVXSDODFLR
'LYHUWLGRHQFDUDFROHV
FRPRMLQHWHDIULFDQR
FRPLHQ]DFULVWDOFRUULHQWH
\DFDEDSHUODVVXGDQGR
3ODQWDVOREHEHQ\KLHUEDV
SHURHQGLIHUHQWHVYDVRV
GHSyUÀGRVXQDVGXURV
GHMDVSHVRWUDVPDQFKDGRV
YDULDVÀJXUDVLQIRUPD
\DQRLQIRUPDUODVpOWDQWR
$OIHRQRIXHUDUtR
QL$UHWKXVDIXHUDPiUPRO
6XVFRQYHFLQRVOHRQHV
HQEURQFHKXHOJDTXHFXDQWR
OREHELHURQ\DVDQJULHQWRV
ORUHVWLWX\DQGRUDGRV
6XVRQGDVEHVDOD&RSLD
PDVQDGDORWLHQHYDQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
VLQRHOGHVDWDUDOMyIDU
DORVGHOLFLRVRVEDxRV
GRQGH$PRUIRPHQWDHOIXHJR
FRQODOHxDGHVXVGDUGRV
SDUDWHPSODUOHD;DULID
XQRFRQRWURFRQWUDULR
;DULID&LQWLDDIULFDQD
TXHDEVXHOWRHOKRPEURGHODUFR
HQODVWHUPDVGHVXDEXHOR
HOVXGRUGHSRQHFDVWR
(QWDQWRSXHVTXHVHEDxD
\VHFRPSLWHQOREODQFR
\DXQVHGHVPLHQWHQORWHUVR
VXVPLHPEURVGHDODEDVWUR
FRQGXOFHSOXPD&HOLQGD
\QRPHQRVGXOFHPDQR
HQXQOD~GYDHVFULELHQGR
ORTXH$PRUOHYDGLFWDQGR
©&RQDUFR\DOMDED
¢TXLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"
¢(OKLMRGH9HQXV"
¢/DKHUPDQDGHO6RO"
¢4XLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"
¢(OKLMRGH9HQXV"
'LFHQELHQ
¢ODKHUPDQDGHO6RO"
'LFHQPHMRU
/DFXQDUHDO
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
FXiQWDVEHEHQKR\
YXHVWURPLUDUDOPDV
ÀHUDVYXHVWURKDUSyQ
HOUHLQRORGLJD
GRQGHPiVSRUYRV
WLHQHTXHHO;DULIH
YDVDOORV$PRU
HOPRQWHORFDOOH
FX\RVWURQFRVQR
YLVWHQSRUFRUWH]DV
SLHOHVGHOHyQ
¢4XLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"
¢(OKLMRGH9HQXV"
'LFHQELHQ
¢ODKHUPDQDGHO6RO"
'LFHQPHMRU
TXHFRQHVSOHQGRU
DEULJRLQTXwHWR
HQODLQIDQFLDRVGLR
iUEROIXHHQODVVHOYDV
TXHVRPEUDSUHVWy
DODPHORGtD
GHDOJ~QUXLVHxRU
(VWDFXQDHVSXHV
TXLHQVROLFLWy
DVXQDWXUDO
YXHVWUDLQFOLQDFLyQ
¢4XLpQGLFHQTXHVR\"
¢(OKLMRGH9HQXV"
'LFHQELHQ
¢ODKHUPDQDGHO6RO"
'LFHQPHMRU
ª6LLJQRUiLVFUHO
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$</,7(5$785$(1/$2%5$'(*Ð1*25$(/(63(-2%$552&2
-8$1-26e3$6725&20Ì1
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/
<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
8QDGHODVJUDQGHVDVSLUDFLRQHVGHODUWHKXPDQLVWDHVKDFHUTXHODVGLVWLQWDV
DUWHVH[SUHVHQXQPLVPRWHPDFDGDXQDHQVXSDUWLFXODUOHQJXDMHSHURGHIRUPD
SDUDOHOD\VLQFURQL]DGD8QDH[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFDKROtVWLFDSXHGHUHÁHMDUODLQWH
JUDFLyQ GH ODV GLVWLQWDV GLVFLSOLQDV DVWURQRPtD P~VLFD SRHVtD ÀORVRItD HWF
HQXQDVRODREUD(VRORLQWHQWyH[SUHVDUFRQSDVLyQODRSHUDZDJQHULDQDSHUR
WDPELpQVHKDOODHQRWURJUDGRHQSRHWDVFRPR*yQJRUD6XVFRQRFLPLHQWRV
SRpWLFRVPXVLFDOHVÀORVyÀFRVDVWURQyPLFRVPLWROyJLFRVHWFVHFRPELQDQHQ
VXV SRHPDV PD\RUHV IRUPDQGR iUEROHV GH DVRFLDFLRQHV TXH JORVDQ XQ PLVPR
WHPD0XFKDVGHHVDVDVRFLDFLRQHVHVWiQFRQVDJUDGDVSRUORVSODQHVGHHVWX
GLRVVXSHULRUHVGHODpSRFD2WUDVODVTXH*UDFLiQDSODXGLUiFRPRSURSLDPHQWH
LQJHQLRVDVODVHVWDEOHFHODOLEUHLPDJLQDFLyQGHOSRHWD<HQHVWRIXHHVSHFLDO
PHQWHFUHDWLYRHOH[TXLVLWRFRUGREpV$OHPSOHDUXQDLPDJLQHUtDPXVLFDOSDUD
HODPRU*yQJRUDHFKDEDPDQRGHPRGHORVFRQVDJUDGRVGHDVRFLDFLRQHV3HUR
DO WLHPSR VyOR HPSOHD ORV PRGHORV FRQVDJUDGRV SDUD TXH DVRPHQ VXWLOPHQWH
(Q QXHVWUR DUWtFXOR ©&RPSRVLFLyQ \ VLJQLÀFDGR HQ (O 3ROLIHPR GH *yQJRUD XQ KRPHQDMH
PDQLHULVWDDOQHRSODWRQLVPRª6WXGLHVLQ6SDQLVK/LWHUDWXUHDQG&XOWXUH)URPWKH0LGGOH$JHVWRWKH
1LQHWHHQWK&HQWXU\LQ+RQRURI-RDTXtQ*LPHQR&DVDOGXHUR8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRIWKH6RXWK,QF
HQSUHQVDVHLOXVWUDFyPRHPSOHD*yQJRUDVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHQXPHURORJtDPLWRORJtD\DVWURORJtD\
ORVMXHJRVGHVLJQLÀFDGRHVRWpULFRFRPRHOMXHJRGHODRFDHQODFRPSRVLFLyQGHOD)iEXODGH3ROLIHPR
\ *DODWHD FRPR XQD IRUPD GH LQWHJUDU ORV GLYHUVRV VDEHUHV GH VX WLHPSR HQ XQ SRHPD TXH KDEOD GH
ODVWUDVIRUPDFLRQHV\TXHQRHVFRPSXHVWRHYLGHQWHPHQWHSDUDQDUUDUXQDVLPSOHDQpFGRWDVLQRSDUD
LOXVWUDUWRGDVXQDVFRQFHSFLRQHVGHOKXPDQLVPRPiVSUHRFXSDGRSRUXQFRQRFLPLHQWRLQWHJUDO
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
HQWUH OtQHDV SDUD TXH HO UHFHSWRU ORV YHD DVRPEURVDPHQWH VXSHUDGRV WUDVPX
WDGRVHQRWUDFRVD
(OJUDQWHPDGHODSRHVtDHVHODPRU<HODPRUGHVGHHOQDFLPLHQWRGHOD
FRUWHVtDHQOD3URYHQ]DKDREVHVLRQDGRDORVSRHWDVSRUVXVSRODULGDGHVIXHJR
TXH DEUDVD \ D OD YH] HOHYD FRPR H[SUHVDED OD PDGUH GH /HULDQR HQ &iUFHO
GHDPRUIXHJRTXHSXHGHOOHJDUDWUDVWRUQDUODUD]yQ\SREODUORVERVTXHVGH
KRPEUHV VDOYDMHV FX\D ORFXUD GH DPRU SXHGH FRQGXFLUOHV DO VXLFLGLR FRPR D
0HOLEHDR&ULVyVWRPRRDVXLQWHQWRFRPRD$OEDQLR\WDQWRVRWURVSHUVRQDMHV
PHGLHYDOHVUHQDFHQWLVWDV\GHOSHUtRGRiXUHR/DHQIHUPHGDGGHDPRUDFDSDUy
ODDWHQFLyQGHORVKXPDQLVWDV\SRHWDV\DYHFHVHQXQPLVPRHVFULWRUVHGDOD
H[SUHVLyQGHODVGRVSRODULGDGHVPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVGHVGHODVTXHVHH[SHULPHQWy
HOOHJDGRGHODPRUFRUWpVRH[DOWDUHVDLQPRODFLyQGHOSRHWDHQHOIXHJRGHODPRU
RFXUDUVHEXVFDQGRHOGRPLQLRGHODVSDVLRQHV/DLGHDGHTXHKDEtDXQPRGR
UDFLRQDOGHVDQDUHOPDOGHDPRUHVVHH[SUHVDHQODOLWHUDWXUDHQODFUHDFLyQGHO
SHUVRQDMHGH(O6DELRRGH/D6DELDTXHKDQORJUDGRXQDIyUPXODSDUDVDQDU
ODHQIHUPHGDGGHOFRUD]yQ6HYHUR)HOLFLDHWF/DIyUPXODVHDFXDOIXHUHOD
LPDJLQHUtD R ULWXDO HPSOHDGRV UHPLWH VLHPSUH DO FRQWURO GH OD HPEULDJXH] GH
ORVVHQWLGRVSRUSDUWHGHODUD]yQ(OFRQWUROGHODUD]yQVREUHHOIXHJRGHOFR
UD]yQSRVLELOLWDEDHQFRQWUDUHOMXVWRPHGLR2WUDYDULDQWHSDUDVXSHUDUODSDVLyQ
ODLQWURGXMRODQHRSODWRQL]DFLyQGHOVHQWLPLHQWRDPRURVRFX\RSULPHU\IXHUWH
LPSXOVRQDFHHQQXHVWUDVODWLWXGHVFRQ3HWUDUFD\VXVVHJXLGRUHVHXURSHRV$O
WUDQVIRUPDUODHQHUJtDVH[XDOHQXQDHQHUJtDGHFRQRFLPLHQWRWDPELpQVHOLEH
UDEDDODGDPDGHVXVDWULEXWRVHUyWLFRV\VHODUHSUHVHQWDEDFRPROX]iQJHOR
PHGLDGRUDHQWUHGLRV\HOKRPEUHVHSUHVFLQGtDGHOUHWUDWRLQGLYLGXDOL]DGRHQ
DUDVGHXQRHVWHUHRWLSDGR\GHORVUDVJRVItVLFDPHQWHSURYRFDGRUHV/DVRQULVD
OD PLUDGD OD EODQFXUD HV WRGR OR TXH VH QHFHVLWD SDUD HQDPRUDU DO SRHWD /D
QHFHVLGDGGHHVSLULWXDOL]DUODSDVLyQDPRURVDDOFDQ]DSUiFWLFDPHQWHDWRGRVORV
JUDQGHVSRHWDVDPRURVRVGHO6LJORGH2UR3HQVHPRVHQORVSRHPDVGHO/RSH
GHVHQHFWXGGLULJLGRVDXQD0DUWDGH1HYDUHVPXHUWDGHORFXUD\FHJXHUDFX\RV
DWUDFWLYRV\DQRQDFtDQGHODEHOOH]DH[WHUQDVLQRGHODIXHU]DGHODPRUSXUR(Q
/RSHHODPRUHUDXQDHPRFLyQWDQLQWHQVDTXHORPLVPRVHWUDVIRUPDEDHQULPDV
VDFUDVTXHHQVHQWLGRVSRHPDVGHDPRUKXPDQRQRQDFLGRV\DGHODIXHU]DGH
(URVVLQRGHRWUDHQHUJtDPiVHOHYDGDWDQHOHYDGDTXHOOHYDEDDFRPSUHQGHUD
'LRV\DOQH[RSULQFLSDOFRQTXH'LRVKDEtDXQLGRHOXQLYHUVRHODPRU1RHO
DPRUGH(URVVLQRHO$PRUFRPRIXHU]DHVSLULWXDO4XHYHGRWDPELpQVXEOLPy
HODPRUHQHQHUJtDHVSLULWXDO
(QHOFRQWH[WRGHHVWHDIiQSRULQWHJUDUODVHQVXDOLGDGHQORHVSLULWXDORGH
SRQHUODDVXVHUYLFLRODVPiVDOWDVH[SUHVLRQHVIXHURQODVGHORVPtVWLFRV\TXL]i
VXPiVKHUPRVDH[SUHVLyQHO©&iQWLFRHVSLULWXDOªGH6DQ-XDQGHOD&UX]<HV
TXH HO JR]R GHO FRUD]yQ VH H[SUHVD SUHIHUHQWHPHQWH HQ FiQWLFRV \ HQ GDQ]DV
'HPRGRTXHODP~VLFD\ODGDQ]DFRQVXSUHVHQFLDVRQRUDRFRQVXSUHVHQFLD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
FRQFHSWXDOKDQVHUYLGRDORVSRHWDVSDUDH[SUHVDUVXVVHQWLPLHQWRVVREUHHODPRU
7DPELpQODVPiVDOWDVDVSLUDFLRQHVGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRKXPDQRVHKDQH[SUHVDGR
HQLPiJHQHVPXVLFDOHVODP~VLFDGHODVHVIHUDVHQ)UD\/XLVODP~VLFDFDOODGD
HQ6DQ-XDQ\WRGDVODVLPiJHQHVTXHVXJHUtDQDOJUDQDUTXLWHFWRXQLYHUVDOTXH
RUJDQL]DEDVXFUHDFLyQFRPRXQDVLQIRQtDSHUIHFWD/RVRUtJHQHVGHHVWDLPD
JLQHUtDVRQWDQXQLYHUVDOHVTXHHVWiQHQODVFRVPRJRQtDV\HQODVPLWRORJtDVGH
WRGDVODVFXOWXUDV6RQLPiJHQHVTXHSRGUtDPRVOODPDUDUTXHWtSLFDV8QVRQLGR
RXQDYLEUDFLyQTXHVDOHGHO&UHDGRUH[WLHQGH\RUGHQDODFUHDFLyQ'LJDPRV
SDUD HVWH SURSyVLWR TXH OD P~VLFD FRPR HQHUJtD LQYLVLEOH TXH VH VLHQWH HQ HO
PXQGRYLVLEOHKDVHUYLGRSDUDLOXVWUDUHVDSDUWLFXODUFRQGLFLyQGHOVHUKXPDQR
GHHVWDUHQWUHHOFLHOR\ODWLHUUDHQWUHORYLVLEOH\ORLQYLVLEOHHQWUHORLQIHULRU
\ORVXSHULRU$VtHVTXHQRHVH[WUDxRTXHORVSRHWDVUHFXUUDQDODLPDJLQHUtD
PXVLFDOSDUDH[SUHVDUWDQWRVXVLGHDVDPRURVDVFRPRVXVLGHDVPHWDItVLFDV
9HDPRV FyPR XWLOL]D *yQJRUD XQD GHWHUPLQDGD LPDJLQHUtD PXVLFDO SDUD
LOXVWUDUWDQWRHOHIHFWRGH(URVFRPRVXVXSHUDFLyQSRUODUD]yQ3DUDPRVWUDU
WDQWRORGLRQLVLDFRFRPRORDSROtQHRGHODPRU6LHQOD)iEXODGH3ROLIHPR\
*DODWHDVHH[SUHVDHOPRYLPLHQWRLUUHVLVWLEOHTXHHMHUFH(URVVREUHORVDPDQWHV
XQPRYLPLHQWRTXHVHHVFHQLÀFDFRPRXQDGDQ]DVHQVXDOHQHOURPDQFHGHODV
VHUUDQLOODVGH&XHQFDODGDQ]DVHUYLUiSDUDLOXVWUDUORFRQWUDULRFyPRXQDVMy
YHQHVYHQFHQFRQVXGDQ]DDSROtQHDORVHIHFWRVGHOIXHJRGHDPRU(VXQSRHPD
pVWH HQ TXH GHVDSDUHFHQ WRGRV ORV VtPERORV GH IXHJR \ DSDUHFHQ UHDÀUPDGRV
ORV VtPERORV TXH KDFHQ DOXVLyQ DO HOHPHQWR WLHUUD R SLHGUD FRPR XQ VtPEROR
GHODDFWLWXGTXHVHKDGHWRPDUSDUDYHQFHUODHQIHUPHGDGGHDPRU(Q*yQ
JRUDKDEODQPiVORVVtPERORVTXHHPSOHDTXHORVSHQVDPLHQWRVH[SOtFLWRV(Q
JHQHUDOORVSRHPDVGHDPRUGH*yQJRUDSUHVHQWDQVLWXDFLRQHVDUTXHWtSLFDVPiV
TXHVXFHVRVELRJUiÀFRVRHQDPRUDPLHQWRVSHUVRQDOHV&RPRWDOHVVLWXDFLRQHV
DUTXHWtSLFDVVHUHFXUUHDORVLPEyOLFRSDUDPDQLIHVWDUODV
/DH[DOWDFLyQGHODSDVLyQUHFXUUHDXQWLSRGHLPDJLQHUtDPXVLFDOTXHUHDO]D
ODXQLyQGHORVRSXHVWRVVXOXFKDSRUFRPSOHPHQWDUVH(VWDOXFKDHVWiUHJLGD
SRUODIXHU]DGLRQLVLDFDRODIXHU]DGH(URV/RVVHQWLPLHQWRVGHOFRUD]yQHQHVWH
FDVRVHH[SUHVDQHQFDQFLRQHVREDLOHVTXHFRQVWLWX\HQXQULWXDOGHVHGXFFLyQ
/RVHQFXHQWURVHQWUH$FLV\*DODWHDHVWiQGHVFULWRVFRPRVLVHWUDWDUDGHXQD
HVFHQRJUDItD GH EDOOHW GRQGH OD IXHU]D GH OD VHQVXDOLGDG DFHUFD D ORV DPDQWHV
(QUHDOLGDGODP~VLFDFDOODGDFRPRPHWiIRUDGHXQHVWDGRGHODOPDFDSD]GHSHUFLELUODGL
YLQLGDG VH FRQYLUWLy HQ XQD EXHQD LPDJHQ GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ D OR LQHIDEOH SDUD FXDOTXLHUD TXH TXLVLHUD
H[SUHVDUHODPRUD'LRVGHVGHHOHVStULWXWULGHQWLQR5HFXpUGHQVHSRUHMHPSORORVYHUVRVGHOVRQHWRQž
;;GHODV5LPDV6DFUDV©ODOHQJXDGHODPRUDTXLHQQRVDEHORTXHHVDPRU£TXpEiUEDUDSDUHFH
SXHVSRULQVWDQWHVHQPXGHFHWLHQHSDXVDVGHP~VLFDVXDYHª(QQXHVWURHQVD\R©6REUHODFRQFHSFLyQ
PtVWLFDGHODPDGRHQ6DQ-XDQGHOD&UX]/RVGRVQLYHOHVGHOHFWXUDª0HVWHUSiJV
DERUGDPRVFyPRODQHFHVLGDGGHH[SUHVDUORLQHIDEOHUHYROXFLRQyODSRpWLFDPLVPDGHOSHWUDUTXLVPR\
ODDEULyDRWURVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHOGHFLUSRpWLFRPXFKRPiVOLEUHV\PRGHUQRV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
VLQ TXH HVWRV SXHGDQ RSRQHU UHVLVWHQFLD (V XQD IXHU]D PiV SRGHURVD TXH ORV
SHUVRQDMHV(VODIXHU]DGHOGHVHRGHODSDVLyQRGHODHPEULDJXH]GHORVVHQ
WLGRV3DUDLOXVWUDUHVWDIXHU]DDOJXQRVSRHWDVFRPR*yQJRUDR$OGDQDSODVPDQ
PDJLVWUDOPHQWHHOPRYLPLHQWRFRPRVLVHWUDWDUDGHXQDGDQ]D3HURTXL]iVVHD
*yQJRUDTXLHQFRQPiVSRGHUHPSOHDHOPRYLPLHQWR\ODGDQ]DSDUDGHVFULELU
WDQWRHOWULXQIRGH(URVFRPRHOWULXQIRGHODUD]yQ
9HDPRVSULPHURODVLPiJHQHVPXVLFDOHVHQOD)iEXODGH3ROLIHPR\*DODWHD
/DSULPHUDRFWDYDTXHVLUYHGHLQWURGXFFLyQSUHVHQWDDOSRHPDFRPR©ULPDV
VRQRUDVª\HOSRHWD³WUDQVÀJXUDGRHQP~VLFR³SLGHDOFRQGHGH1LHEODTXH
HVFXFKHHVWDVULPDVVRQRUDV©DOVRQGHOD]DPSRxDVX\Dª(QODVHJXQGDRFWDYD
HQFDUHFHDOQREOHTXHFHVHVXVDFWLYLGDGHVGHFHWUHUtD\HVFXFKHVXVULPDV\HVWD
WUDQVLFLyQVHPDUFDFRQXQFDPELRGHP~VLFD\GHLQVWUXPHQWRV©<DOFXHUQR
DO ÀQ OD FtWDUD VXFHGDª /H SLGH DO FRQGH TXH HVFXFKH FyPRGDPHQWH HO ÀHUR
FDQWRGH3ROLIHPR\WDPELpQHO©FODUtQªGHODYR]GHOSRHWD&ODUtQPHWDIyULFR
HVHOSRHPDGH*yQJRUDSDUDHWHUQL]DUODIDPDRPHPRULDGHOFRQGH
7UHJXDVDOHMHUFLFLRVHDQUREXVWR
RFLRDWHQWRVLOHQFLRGXOFHHQFXDQWR
GHEDMRHVFXFKDVGHGRVHODXJXVWR
GHOP~VLFRMD\iQHOÀHURFDQWR
$OWHUQDFRQODV0XVDVKR\HOJXVWR
4XHVLODPtDSXHGHRIUHFHUWDQWR
&ODUtQ\GHOD)DPDQRVHJXQGR
7XQRPEUHRLUiQORVWpUPLQRVGHOPXQGR
&XHUQRSDUDODFD]DFtWDUD\]DPSRxDSDUDHOVHQWLPLHQWRSRpWLFRFODUtQSDUD
SUHJRQDUODIDPDGHOPHFHQDVFXPSOLHQGRFRQODWUDGLFLRQDOIXQFLyQGHOSRHWD
FRUWHVDQRGHVGHHOJpQHURGHOGH]LUPHGLHYDOFRPRSURSDJDGRULQGLVSHQVDEOH
GHODIDPDGHOPHFHQDV&DGDLQVWUXPHQWRFXPSOHXQDIXQFLyQPHWDIyULFD7RGR
HOSRHPDVHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDP~VLFDTXHKDGHVHUHVFXFKDGDSRUHOFRQGH
FDQWDGDSRUHOSRHWD\FX\RVSURWDJRQLVWDVWDPELpQFDQWDQRGDQ]DQGHDOJXQD
IRUPD,QFOXVRODVDOLWHUDFLRQHVWDQELHQHVWXGLDGDVSRU'iPDVRSRQHQP~VLFD
DFDGDPRPHQWRFXOPLQDQWHGHOSRHPD
3ROLIHPRVHQRVSUHVHQWDVLOEDQGRSDUDMXQWDUDVXVUHEDxRV\WRFDQGRXQD
KRUULEOHP~VLFDGHDPRUSDUDVHGXFLUD*DODWHD
6LODXQLyQGH$FLV\*DODWHDVHUHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDHVFHQRJUDItDVHQVXDO
GHEDOOHWODP~VLFDTXHLQWHUSUHWD3ROLIHPRHVWDQKRUULEOHFRPRpOPLVPR1R
SXHGHSRUWDQWRVHGXFLUQLDWUDHUDODDPDGDVLQRHVSDQWDUOD
/D©LQIDPHWXUEDGHQRFWXUQDVDYHVJLPLHQGRWULVWHV\YRODQGRJUDYHVªSRQHQODP~VLFDTXH
HYRFDODFXHYDGH3ROLIHPR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
&HUD\FixDPRXQLyTXHQRGHELHUD
&LHQFDxDVFX\REiUEDURUtGR
'HPiVHFRVTXHXQLyFixDPR\FHUD
$OERJXHVGXUDPHQWHHVUHSHWLGR
/DVHOYDVHFRQIXQGHHOPDUVHDOWHUD
5RPSH7ULWyQVXFDUDFROWRUFLGR
6RUGRKX\HHOEDMHODYHOD\UHPR
£7DOODP~VLFDHVGH3ROLIHPR
/D P~VLFD GH ORV PRQVWUXRV HV KRUULEOH FRPR HOORV$Vt WDPELpQ *ODXFR
VXHQDURQFRDOVHGXFLUGHVGHHOPDUDODQLQID*DODWHD
9HUGHHOFDEHOORHOSHFKRQRHVFDPDGR
URQFRVtHVFXFKDD*ODXFRODULEHUD
LQGXFLUDSLVDUODEHOODLQJUDWD
HQFDUURGHFULVWDOFDPSRVGHSODWD
(O DPRU KDFH TXH HO SDVWRU HQDPRUDGR VH ROYLGH GH VLOEDU \ TXH HO SHUUR
HQPXGH]FDWDPELpQ\ORVORERVPDWHQDVXVRYHMDV6LQHOVLOERGHOSDVWRUORV
DQLPDOHVHPLWHQXQDP~VLFDGHVHVSHUDGDFRQVXVSURSLDVYRFHVRFRQVXVLOHQ
FLRFRPRHOSHUUR(ODPRUVLHPSUHWLHQHXQHIHFWRPXVLFDOHQORVSHUVRQDMHV
\VXPXQGR
(QFRQWUDSRVLFLyQDVXVPRQVWUXRVRVSUHWHQGLHQWHV*DODWHDFRQVXEHOOH]D
SURYRFDHQODVDYHVORVPiVDUPRQLRVRVWULQRV
/DIXJLWLYDQLQIDHQWDQWRGRQGH
+XUWDHOODXUHOVXWURQFRDOVRODUGLHQWH
7DQWRVMD]PLQHVFXDQWDKLHUEDHVFRQGH
/DQLHYHGHVXVPLHPEURVGDDXQDIXHQWH
'XOFHVHTXHMDGXOFHOHUHVSRQGH
8QUXLVHxRUDRWUR\GXOFHPHQWH
$OVXHxRGDVXVRMRVODDUPRQtD
3RUQRDEUDVDUFRQWUHVVROHVHOGtD
*DODWHDHVODDUPRQtDPLVPD&RQVXJUDFLDKDFHTXHVXHQHODVLQIRQtDGH
ODQDWXUDOH]D
©0XGRODQRFKHHOFDQHOGtDGRUPLGR'HFHUURHQFHUUR\VRPEUDHQVRPEUD\DFH%DODHO
JDQDGRDOPtVHUREDOLGR1RFWXUQRHOORERGHODVVRPEUDVQDFH&pEDVH\ÀHURGHMDKXPHGHGLGR(Q
VDQJUHGHXQDORTXHODRWUDSDFH£5HYRFD$PRUORVVLOERVRDVXGXHxRHOVLOHQFLRGHOFDQVLJD\HO
VXHxRª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
&RQORVRMRVFHUUDGRVFRPRHVWi*DODWHDHQODIXHQWHOOHJD$FLV\ODFRQWHPSOD
H[WDVLDGR6Xp[WDVLVVHSODVPDWDPELpQHQGRVLPiJHQHVPXVLFDOHV
VXERFDGLR\VXVRMRVFXDQWRSXGR
DOVRQRURFULVWDODOFULVWDOPXGR
&ULVWDOVRQRURHODJXDFULVWDOPXGRHOFXHUSRGH*DODWHDGHOTXHQDFHVLQ
HPEDUJRODDUPRQtD$OUHIUHVFDU$FLVVXIUHQWHHQHODUUR\R*DODWHDGHVSLHUWD
FRQHOUXLGRGHODJXD\TXLHUHKXLUFRPRHVODFRVWXPEUHGHVXGHVGpQ$TXt
VHLQLFLDHOPRYLPLHQWRGHOSRHPDORTXHWLHQHGHGDQ]DGHHVFHQRJUDItDTXH
SXHGHYLVXDOL]DUVHFRPRVLVHWUDWDUDGHXQEDOOHWRGHXQDRSHUD3RUDOJRTXH
WRGDYtDQRHVPiVTXHXQSUHVHQWLPLHQWRODQLQIDHQYH]GHKXLUFRPRTXLVLHUDVH
TXHGDSDUDOL]DGDDQWHORVREVHTXLRVTXHFRQWHPSOD(QVXLQPRYLOLGDG*DODWHD
³©HVWDWXD KHODGDª³ VH TXHGD SHQVDWLYD ©PiV GLVFXUVLYD \ PHQRV DOWHUDGDª
6DEHTXHHVDRIUHQGDQRSHUWHQHFHDQLQJXQRGHORVODVFLYRVPRQVWUXRVTXHOD
SUHWHQGHQ(URVLQWHUYLQHSDUDFDVWLJDUHOGHVGpQGH*DODWHDKDFLpQGROHVHQWLUOD
IXHU]DGHVXPDGUH9HQXVDUTXHWLSRGHODVHQVXDOLGDG\ODEHOOH]D\GHOSRGHU
LUUHVLVWLEOHGHOGHVHR
(OQLxRGLRVHQWRQFHVGHODYHQGD
2VWHQWDFLyQJORULRVDDOWRWURIHR
4XLHUHTXHDOiUEROGHVXPDGUHVHD
(OGHVGpQKDVWDDOOtGH*DODWHD
*DODWHD\DKHULGDGHDPRUTXLHUHOODPDUDOGHVFRQRFLGRDPDQWHSHURQRVDEH
VXQRPEUH&RQDSHQDVPRYLPLHQWRGHVFXEUHD$FLVTXHVHKDFHHOGRUPLGR\
SDUDQRGHVSHUWDUORORFRQWHPSODFRPRVLTXLVLHUDGHVSHJDUVHGHODWLHUUDSDUDQR
KDFHUUXLGR(VWRVHSODVPDHQODSRVWXUDTXHDGRSWDFRPRODVFLJHxDVVREUH
XQVRORStHHQSRVWXUDGLJQDGHXQDEDLODULQDGHEDOOHWFOiVLFR
(OEXOWRYLR\KDFLpQGRORGRUPLGR
/LEUDGDHQXQSLHWRGDVREUHpOSHQGH
8UEDQDDOVXHxREiUEDUDDOPHQWLGR
5HWyULFRVLOHQFLRTXHQRHQWLHQGH
©+X\HUD PDV WDQ IUtR VH GHVDWD8Q WHPRU SHUH]RVR SRU VXV YHQDV4XH D OD SUHFLVD IXJD DO
SUHVWRYXHOR*ULOORVGHQLHYHIXHSOXPDVGHKLHORª
©1RHODYHUHLQDDVtHOIUDJRVRQLGR&RURQDLQPyYLOPLHQWUDVQRGHVFLHQGH³5D\RFRQSOX
PDV³DOPLODQRSROOR4XHODHPLQHQFLDDEULJDGHXQHVFROORª©&RPRODQLQIDEHOODFRPSLWLHQGR
&RQHOJDU]yQGRUPLGRHQFRUWHVtD1RVyORSDUDUPDVHOGXOFHHVWUXHQGR'HOOHQWRDUUR\RHQPXGHFHU
TXHUUtDª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
&RPSOHWDPHQWH VHGXFLGD SRU HO FXHUSR YLULO GH$FLV ©TXH VL SRU OR VXDYH
QRODDGPLUDHVIXHU]DTXHODDGPLUHSRUOREHOORª(URVKDFHTXHODIXHU]DGH
ORVRSXHVWRVVHDLUUHVLVWLEOH
(QORYLULOGHVDWDGHVXYXOWR
/RPiVGXOFHHO$PRUGHVXYHQHQR
%pEHOR*DODWHD\GDRWURSDVR
3RUDSXUDUOHODSRQ]RxDDOYDVR
6RORXQSDVRHQHOPRYLPLHQWRGH*DODWHDSDUDDFHUFDUVHPiVDOFXHUSRGH
$FLV 'HVSLHUWD$FLV OHQWD \ VHQVXDOPHQWH FRQWLQXDQGR HVWD HVFHQD GH EDOOHW
SURWDJRQL]DGDSRUHOOHQJXDMHGHORVFXHUSRVHLQWHQWDEHVDUOHORVSLHVD*DODWHD
3HURHVWHJHVWRSURYRFDTXH*DODWHDSDVHGHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQDOVREUHVDOWRSDUD
HQVHJXLGDOHYDQWDUD$FLVGHOVXHOR\HFKDUVHDPERVVREUHODKLHUED
/RV JHPLGRV GH DPRU GH GRV SDORPDV VRQ GHVFULWRV FRPR ©WURPSDV GH
DPRU TXH DOWHUDQ VXV RtGRVª (O ©URQFR DUUXOORª GH ODV SDORPDV ©DO MRYHQ
VROLFLWDª
7RGDODQDWXUDOH]DEDMRODEDWXWDGH(URVLQWHUSUHWDHQHVWHSXQWRXQDVLQIRQtD
VHQVXDOGRQGHODXQLyQGHORVDPDQWHVHVHOSXQWRFXOPLQDQWH$VtHOEHVRTXH
OHGD$FLVD*DODWHDHVPXFKRPiVVHQVXDO\DUUHEDWDGRTXHHOGHODVSDORPDV
SXHVVHDQWLFLSDDpVWDV\FUHDHOFOtPD[HUyWLFRGHOSRHPD
1RDODVSDORPDVFRQFHGLy&XSLGR
-XQWDUGHVXVGRVSLFRVORVUXEtHV
&XDQGRDOFODYHOHOMRYHQDWUHYLGR
/DVGRVKRMDVOHFKXSDFDUPHVtHV
/DIHOL]HVFHQDHVLQPHGLDWDPHQWHLQWHUUXPSLGDSRUODP~VLFDGH3ROLIHPR
TXHFDXVDHVSDQWR\KDFHKXLUDORVDPDQWHV
$UELWURGHPRQWDxDV\ULEHUD
$OLHQWRGLRHQODFXPEUHGHODURFD
$ORVDOERJXHVTXHDJUHJyODFHUD
(OSURGLJLRVRIXHOOHGHVXERFD
/DQLQIDORR\y\VHUPiVTXLVLHUD
%UHYHÁRUKLHUEDKXPLOGHWLHUUDSRFD
4XHGHVXQXHYRWURQFRYLGODVFLYD
0XHUWDGHDPRU\GHWHPRUQRYLYD
©(OVXHxRGHVXVPLHPEURVVDFXGLGR*DOODUGRHOMRYHQODSHUVRQDRVWHQWD<DOPDUÀOOXHJR
GHVXVSLHVUHQGLGR(OFRWXUQRGRUDGREHVDULQWHQWDª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
0iVIXHUWHTXHHOWHPRUTXHLQIXQGHOD©]DPSRxDUXGDªGH3ROLIHPRHVHO
GHVHRGH*DODWHDSRU$FLV$OD©]DPSRxDUXGDªGHOFtFORSHVXFHGHVXYR]TXH
HVGHVFULWDFRPRWUXHQR
/DVFDYHUQDVHQWDQWRORVULED]RV
4XHKDSUHYHQLGROD]DPSRxDUXGD
(OWUXHQRGHODYR]IXOPLQyOXHJR
£5HIHULGOR3wHUHGHVRVUXHJR
(OSRHPDFRQWLQ~DVLHQGRRSHUtVWLFR\ODVYRFHVODP~VLFD\HOPRYLPLHQWR
ORDUWLFXODQYLVXDO\VRQRUDPHQWHDOWLHPSRTXHVHGHVDUUROODODDFFLyQSURSLD
PHQWHGLFKD
(ODPRUGH3ROLIHPROHKDFHFRPHQ]DUXQDHVSHFLHGHDULDHQODTXHGLUL
JLpQGRVHD*DODWHD\WUDVSRQGHUDUVXEHOOH]DLQFRPSDUDEOHLQWHQWDYHQFHUVX
GHVGpQFRQVXFDQFLyQGHDPRU
6RUGDKLMDGHOPDUFX\DVRUHMDV
$PLVJHPLGRVVRQURFDVDOYLHQWR
2GRUPLGDWHKXUWHQDPLVTXHMDV
3XUS~UHRVFRURVGHFRUDOHVFLHQWR
2DOGLVRQDQWHQ~PHURGHDOPHMDV
³0DULQRVLDJUDGDEOHQRLQVWUXPHQWR³
&RURVWHMLHQGRHVWpVHVFXFKDXQGtD
0LYR]SRUGXOFHFXDQGRQRSRUPtD
(OFtFORSHFRQVFLHQWH³DSHVDUGHVXVIDQIDUURQDGDV³GHTXHVXYR]QRHV
EHOODOHSLGHDODQLQIDTXHODHVFXFKHSRUVHUYR]GHHQDPRUDGR$FRQWLQXDFLyQ
FDQWD HO HORJLR GH Vt PLVPR EDVDGR HQ VX HQRUPH IXHU]D \ WDPDxR DVt FRPR
HQVXVULTXH]DV\UHFXHUGDDVXDPDGDHOHIHFWRFLYLOL]DGRUTXHVXEHOOH]DKD
SURGXFLGRHQVXÀHUDFRQGLFLyQDKRUD\DQRHQJXOOHDORVQiXIUDJRVVLQRTXH
ORVSHUGRQDSRUTXHVHKDHQDPRUDGR$KRUDVXFXHYDHV©DOEHUJXHKR\SRUWX
FDXVDDOSHUHJULQRGRKDOOyUHSDURVLSHUGLyHOFDPLQRª
/DLQYDVLyQGHVXVFDEUDVSDUDFRPHUVHVXVYLGHVKDFHFDOODUOD©KRUUHQGD
YR]ªGH3ROLIHPRQRVX©GRORULQWHUQRªFDXVDGRSRUHOGHVGpQGH*DODWHD\DO
HVSDQWDUODVFRQVXKRQGDGHVFXEUHDORVDPDQWHVTXHKX\HQFRQXQDUDSLGH]\
PRYLPLHQWRTXHODVSDODEUDVHVFHQLÀFDQFRPRFRUHRJUDItD
([LVWHODYHUVLyQRSHUtVWLFDGHOD)iEXOD©/D)iEXODGH3ROLIHPR\*DODWHDª2SHUDEDVDGD
VREUH$/LWHUHV'H0DUWtQ)HUQiQGH]0DULDQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
'HORVQXGRVFRQHVWRPiVVXDYHV
/RVGXOFHVGRVDPDQWHVGHVDWDGRV
3RUGXUDVJXLMDVSRUHVSLQDVJUDYHV
6ROLFLWDQDOPDUFRQSLHVDODGRV
/RVFHORVTXHSURYRFDODFRQWHPSODFLyQGHORVDPDQWHVHQHO&tFORSHOHKD
FHQDUUDQFDUXQDURFD\HQWHUUDUFRQHOODD$FLVDTXLHQODVOiJULPDVGH*DODWHD
FRQVLJXHQWUDQVIRUPDUHQUtRTXHÁX\HKDVWDHOPDUGRQGHGHQXHYRHVUHFLELGR
SRUHOPXQGRPDUtWLPRGH*DODWHD
©&RUULHQWHSODWDDOÀQVXVEODQFRVKXHVRV
/DPLHQGRÁRUHV\DUJHQWDGRDUHQDV
$'RULVOOHJDTXHFRQOODQWRStR
<HUQRORVDOXGRORDFODPyUtRª
$WUDYpVGHHVWHSRHPDWDQ©RSHUtVWLFRª*yQJRUDH[SUHVDVREUHWRGRHOSRGHU
GH(URVVREUHORVVHUHVKXPDQRV(OSRGHUGH(URVSDUDGREOHJDUHOGHVGpQGH
*DODWHDRHOSRGHUVDOYDMHGH(URVSDUDGHVHQFDGHQDUORVIDWDOHVFHORVGH3ROL
IHPR(URVRUJDQL]DODDWUDFFLyQGHORVRSXHVWRV\VHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDIXHU]D
TXHGRPLQDVREUHWRGDODQDWXUDOH]DLQFOXLGRVORVDQLPDOHV\ODVSODQWDVSXHV
<D/RSHHQHOFLFORGH)LOLVRGH(OHQD2VRULRKDEtDHPSOHDGRODLPDJHQGHODVWyUWRODVTXH
FRQVXVDUUXOORVGHDPRUUHFRUGDEDQD%HODUGRVXVDPRUHVSRU)LOLV%HODUGR©YLRGHODVWyUWRODVEHOODV
WHMLGRXQQLGRHQORDOWR\TXHFRQDUUXOORURQFRORVSLFRVVHHVWiQEHVDQGRª/RSHGH9HJD3RHVtDHG
0LJXHO*DUFtD3RVDGD0DGULG(GLFLRQHV/LEHUWDULDVSiJV©5RPDQFHGHODVWRUWROLOODVª
(QHVWHFDVR%HODUGRUHDFFLRQDFRPR3ROLIHPRSHURFRPRQRSXHGHSDJDUVXLUDFRQ)LOLV\VXULYDO
OD GHVFDUJD DUURMDQGR XQD SLHGUD FRPR 3ROLIHPR FRQWUD ODV WyUWRODV ©7RPy XQD SLHGUD HO SDVWRU\
HVSDUFLyHODLUHFODURUDPDVWyUWRODV\QLGRGLFLHQGRDOHJUH\XIDQRGHMDGODGXOFHDFRJLGDTXHODTXH
GHDPRUPHGLRHQYLGLDPHODTXLWy\HQYLGLDRVTXLWDODYLGD3LpUGDVHYXHVWUDDPLVWDGSXHVTXHVH
SHUGLyODPtDTXHQRKDGHKDEHUFRPSDxtDGRQGHHVWiPLVROHGDGªSiJ<HQRWURGHORVURPDQFHV
SDVWRULOHVGHGLFDGRVD)LOLVHOQ~PHURHQODHGLFLyQFLWDGDGH*DUFtD3RVDGD%HODUGRH[SUHVDWDPELpQ
FRQLPiJHQHVPXVLFDOHVVXVFHORVGLFHTXHDVXUDEHOOHWRFDQODVWUHVFXHUGDVGHODSDVLyQGHVDPRU
FHORV\DXVHQFLD©<DOUDEHOGHVXFXLGDGRVDELDPHQWHOHPHQHDODVWUHVFXHUGDVGHSDVLyQGHVDPRU
FHORV\DXVHQFLD$OGHVDPRUOODPDSULPD>@6HJXQGDOODPDDORVFHORV>«@$ODDXVHQFLDLQH[RUDEOH
WHUFHUD>«@7HPSODHOSDUOHURLQVWUXPHQWRGHWDOPRGRTXHFRQFXHUGDQFRQODVDQVLDVTXHSXEOLFDODV
OiJULPDVTXHGHVWHPSODªSiJ)LQDOPHQWHHOFDQWRGH%HODUGRHVWDQGRORULGRTXHVHOHURPSHXQD
DUWHULDGHOFXHOORSDUDTXHSXHGDPRULUFRPRHOFLVQHHQXQ~OWLPRFDQWRDXQTXHHODPRUOHUHVHUYDXQD
PXHUWHWDQWiOLFD\DTXHQRPXHUH%HODUGRGHHVHDFFLGHQWHFRPRKXELHUDTXHULGR6HGHUUDPDODVDQJUH
(OFRORUURMRLQXQGDWRGR©VDQJUHVDOH\IXHJRVDOHSRUTXHVDQJUH\IXHJRKLHUYHQ&HVyHOSDVWRUFHVy
HOFDQWRODVYRFHV\HOFDQWRFHVDQTXHHOSXUS~UHRFRORUURMRGLFHQTXHHVFRORUTXHDOHJUDªSiJ
(OURMRGHODSDVLyQDTXtYHUGDGHUDVDQJUHDOHJUDFXDQGRHVYLGD\DOHJUDFXDQGRHVPXHUWHVLSRQHÀQ
DOPDOGHDPRUHV3HURDTXtQRDFDEDODVXHUWHGH%HODUGR(OURMRHVHOFRORUGHORVFHORVGHODSDVLyQ
\GHOIXHJR\ORYHUHPRVDXVHQWHLQWHQFLRQDGDPHQWHGHOURPDQFHGHODV6HUUDQDVGH&XHQFD0~VLFD\
FRORUHVVRQOHQJXDMHVSDUDOHORVFRQORVTXHH[SUHVDUODFDOLGDGGHODPRU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
WRGRV VH PXHYHQ SRU HO LPSXOVR HUyWLFR SDUD XQLUVH D VX FRPSOHPHQWR (URV
HV DVt XQD GH ODV GRV QHFHVLGDGHV SRU ODV TXH HO KRPEUH ©WUDEDMDª VHJ~Q QRV
UHFRUGDEDHO$UFLSUHVWHGH+LWDEDMRODDXWRULGDGGH$ULVWyWHOHV
)UHQWHDOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHHVWDQHFHVLGDGRIXHU]DGHODPRUHUyWLFRHQOD
QDWXUDOH]D\HQODVSHUVRQDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDOD)iEXODGH3ROLIHPR\*DODWHD
*yQJRUDVHSODQWHDHQRWURVSRHPDVORTXHRWURVPXFKRVKDEtDQFRQVLGHUDGR
DQWHVODVXSHUDFLyQGHODSDVLyQHUyWLFD/DLPDJLQHUtDPXVLFDOTXHVHHPSOHDHQ
HVWRVFDVRVHVPX\GLIHUHQWH9HDPRVSRUHMHPSORHOURPDQFHGHODV6HUUDQDV
GH&XHQFD(OURPDQFHFRPLHQ]D
(QORVSLQDUHVGHO-~FDU
9LEDLODUXQDVVHUUDQDV
$OVRQGHODJXDHQODVSLHGUDV
<DOVRQGHOYLHQWRHQODVUDPDV
)UHQWHDODWUDGLFLRQDOLPDJHQOXMXULRVDGHODVVHUUDQDVDTXtYDQDUHSUHVHQWDU
ORFRQWUDULRODFDVWLGDG\ODLQYXOQHUDELOLGDGDORVHIHFWRVGH(URV/DP~VLFD
DTXtHVSURGXFLGDSRUODQDWXUDOH]DHODJXD\HOYLHQWR\HOODVEDLODQVREUHOD
WLHUUDGHORVSLQDUHVTXHDOLPHQWDHO-~FDUDVXSDVRSRU&XHQFD(OHOHPHQWR
IXHJRDSDUHFHDXVHQWHGHOSRHPDPLHQWUDVORVRWURVWUHVHOHPHQWRVDJXDDLUH\
WLHUUDVHUHIXHU]DQFRQPD\RUSUHVHQFLDGHOHOHPHQWRWLHUUDSDUDPRVWUDUFyPR
ODV VHUUDQDV YHQFHQ HO IXHJR GH OD SDVLyQ VXMHWiQGRVH SLVDQGR ÀUPHPHQWH OD
WLHUUD\QRGHMiQGRVHDUUHEDWDUSRUHOIXHJRGHODSDVLyQ3RUVXSDUWHHODJXD\
HOYLHQWRLQYLWDQFRQVXP~VLFDQDWXUDODEDLODUDODVVHUUDQDVHQFRUURIRUPDQGR
XQFtUFXORDSROtQHRQDGDGLRQLVLDFRGRQGHORTXHH[SUHVDQHVVREUHWRGRHOWDQ
TXHULGRVHQWLPLHQWRKXPDQLVWDGHODDPLVWDG
$OHJUHVFRUURVWHMtDQ
'iQGRVHODVPDQRVEODQFDV
'HDPLVWDGTXL]iVWHPLHQGR
1RODWUXHTXHQODVPXGDQ]DV
£4XpELHQEDLODQODVVHUUDQDV
£4XpELHQEDLODQ
/DP~VLFDGHODJXD\GHOYLHQWRHVDFRPSDxDGDSRUXQDVWHMROHWDVVHQFLOODV
FX\RVRQLGRFRPRHOyUÀFRDIHFWDDWRGDODQDWXUDOH]D
8QDHQWUHORVEODQFRVGHGRV
+LULHQGRQHJUDVSL]DUUDV
,QVWUXPHQWRVGHPDUÀO
4XHODVPXVDVOHHQYLGLDUDQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
/DVDYHVHQPXGHFLy
<HQIUHQyHOFXUVRGHODJXD
1RVHPRYLHURQODVKRMDV
3RUQRLPSHGLUORTXHFDQWD
6HUUDQDVGH&XHQFD
,EDQDOSLQDU
8QDVSRUSLxRQHV
2WUDVSRUEDLODU
6HWUDWDGHXQVRQLGRTXHFDOPD\QRH[FLWDODVSDVLRQHVDPRURVDV8QVR
QLGRTXHLQYLWDDEDLODUHQFtUFXORFRQHOQH[RGHODDPLVWDG8QFDQWR\XQD
GDQ]DDSROtQHDVYLQFXODGRVDODWUDGLFLyQ\DODWLHUUDODVGDQ]DV\ORVFDQWRV
TXH VLUYHQ SDUD FHOHEUDU ORV ULWXDOHV HQ TXH OD FRPXQLGDG VH VLHQWH XQLGD SRU
YtQFXORVQRSDVLRQDOHVVLQRGHDPLVWDG\KHUPDQGDG
6LQLQJ~QHOHPHQWRGHOSRHPDVXJLHUHHOIXHJRSDUDQRGDUFDELGDDOSRGHU
GH(URVWDPELpQHODWXHQGRGHODVVHUUDQDVVHKDFHGHORVFRORUHVTXHVHUHQDQ
R FDOPDQ OD SDVLyQ DPRURVD HO D]XO \ HO YHUGH /RV FRORUHV FRQ TXH VH UH
SUHVHQWDODSXUH]DYLUJLQDOGHOD9LUJHQRODHVSHUDQ]D&RORUHVIUtRVDVRFLDGRV
D OD FDOPD GH ORV VHQWLGRV \ D OD HVSLULWXDOLGDG &RORUHV TXH VH RSRQHQ D ORV
URMRVRDQDUDQMDGRVTXHVLPEROL]DQODSDVLyQ<GHVXVFDEH]DVHPDQDGHELGR
DVXUXELRFDEHOORXQFRORUGRUDGRVHPHMDQWHDODXUDGHORVVDQWRVTXHGDPiV
IXHU]DDOFDUiFWHUDSROtQHRGHOEDLOH\VXHIHFWRWHUDSpXWLFRVREUHODVVDHWDVGH
&XSLGR/DVÁRUHV\ORVFRUGRQHVGHSODWDVREUHHOGRUDGRFDEHOOROHDxDGHQPiV
SXUH]DDODFRUHRJUDItDFRQTXHVHRUJDQL]DHVWHULWXDOGHORFLYLOL]DGRIUHQWHD
ORGHVDVRVHJDGRGHODVSDVLRQHV
(OFDEHOORHQFUHVSRVQXGRV
/X]GDDOVRORURDOD$UDELD
&XiOGHÁRUHVLPSHGLGR
&XiOGHFRUGRQHVGHSODWD
(O PLVPR VLJQLÀFDGR WLHQHQ HO D]XO \ HO YHUGH HQ XQR GH ORV URPDQFHV PRULVFRV GH /RSH
SDURGLDGRSRU*yQJRUD(OPRUR$]DUTXH/RSHVHSRQHODWRFDD]XO\ODPHGDOODFRQKRMDVYHUGHVTXH
OHKDUHJDODGRODPRUD$GDOLID(OHQD2VRULRHQVHxDOGHÀGHOLGDGTXHOXHJRQRPDQWHQGUiHQDXVHQFLD
GHVXSURPHWLGRDOVXFXPELUDODVSUHWHQVLRQHVGHXQHQDPRUDGRPiVULFR©3RQGUpPHODWRFDD]XO4XH
PHGLRSDUDSRQHUPH$GDOLIDODGH%D]D+LMDGH=HOtQ+DPHWH<DTXHOODPHGDOODHQFXDGUR4XHGRV
UDPRVODJXDUQHFHQ&RQODVKRMDVGHHVPHUDOGDV3RUVHUORVUDPRVODXUHOHV<XQ$GRQLVTXHYDDFD]D'H
ORVMDEDOtHVPRQWHVHV'HMDQGRVXGLRVDDPDGD<GLFHODOHWUD©PXHUHª5RPDQFHQžGHO5RPDQFHUR
0RULVFRHQ/RSHGH9HJD5LPDV+XPDQDV\RWURVYHUVRVHG\HVWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUGH$QWRQLR&DUUHxR
%DUFHORQD&UtWLFDSiJV1yWHVHDTXtTXHODÀGHOLGDGVXEUD\DGDSRUHOXVRGHORVFRORUHV
D]XO\YHUGHHVUHIRU]DGDSRUODPHQFLyQGHXQ$GRQLVTXHFD]DMDEDOtHVVtPERORGHODOXMXULDHQJHQHUDO
\GHODOXMXULDGH0DUWHHQSDUWLFXODUHQHOPLWRFOiVLFRTXHH[SOLFDODPXHUWHGH$GRQLV7RGRVHVWRV
VtPERORVOHVLUYHQDOSRHWDSDUDFRQWUDVWDUVXÀGHOLGDGFRQHOHQJDxRGHVXDPDGDDODTXHGLULJLyWDQ
GXURVURPDQFHV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
'HOFRORUYLVWHQGHOFLHOR
6LQRVRQGHODHVSHUDQ]D
3DOPLOODVTXHPHQRVSUHFLDQ
$O]DÀUR\ODHVPHUDOGD
$]XO\YHUGHSDUDFRPSOHWDUXQDFRUHRJUDItDDSROtQHDGHVWLQDGDDHQFXPEUDU
OD SXUH]D \ OD DPLVWDG 'RUDGR \ SODWHDGR VREUH ODV FDEH]DV SDUD UHIRU]DU HO
FRQWURO GH ODV SDVLRQHV GH ORV SHUVRQDMHV 1L HO IXHJR QL ORV FRORUHV HQHUJpWL
FDPHQWHDVRFLDGRVDHVWHHOHPHQWRSXHGHQHVWDUSUHVHQWHVHQHVWDFRUHRJUDItD
SRUTXHHVXQDFRUHRJUDItDTXHLQWHUSUHWDQXQRVSHUVRQDMHVTXHYHQFHQDOGLRV
&XSLGR\FX\REDLOHHVWiGHVWLQDGRSUHFLVDPHQWHDHVHÀQ$VtHOGLRVFLHJRDO
YHUODVEDLODUHQFtUFXORGHHVHPRGRXQLGDVSRUHOQH[RGHODDPLVWDGRGHXQ
DPRUSXUR\QRSDVLRQDODUURSDGDVFRQORVFRORUHV\ORVHOHPHQWRVHQORVTXH
QRSXHGHDFWXDUODSDVLyQVHQVXDOODVFRQWHPSODLPSRWHQWH\DEVRUWRVLQSRGHU
DUURMDUOHV VXV VDHWDV (O PLVPR GLRV FLHJR TXH IXOPLQD HO GHVGpQ GH *DODWHD
FRQODIXHU]DGHOGHVHRQRSXHGHQDGDIUHQWHDXQDVVHUUDQDVVHPHMDQWHVVLQR
DGPLUDUODVPDUDYLOODGRGHVXLQVRERUQDEOHEHOOH]D
6HUUDQDVGH&XHQFD
,EDQDOSLQDU
8QDVSRUSLxRQHV
2WUDVSRUEDLODU
%DLODQGR\SDUWLHQGR
/DVVHUUDQDVEHOODV
8QSLxyQFRQRWUR
6L\DQRHVFRQSHUODV
'H$PRUODVVDHWDV
+XHOJDQGHWURFDU
8QDVSRUSLxRQHV
2WUDVSRUEDLODU
(QWUHUDPD\UDPD
&XDQGRHOFLHJRGLRV
3LGHDOVROORVRMRV
3RUYHUODVPHMRU
/RVRMRVGHOVRO
/DVYHUpLVSLVDU
8QDVSRUSLxRQHV
2WUDVSRUEDLODU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
'RV WLSRV GH P~VLFD \ GH GDQ]D GLVWLQWRV (Q HO 3ROLIHPR OD P~VLFD GHO
HURWLVPR OD GDQ]D GH ORV RSXHVWRV TXH VH DWUDHQ KDVWD XQLUVH \ TXH SDUHFHQ
DUWLFXODUHOSULQFLSLRDOTXtPLFRGHODJHQHUDFLyQ(QHOURPDQFHGHODV6HUUDQDV
GH&XHQFDXQDP~VLFD\XQDGDQ]DTXHSUHVFLQGHGHODSDVLyQWDOVLODVYtUJHQHV
FRPRVDELDVKXELHUDQDSUHQGLGRDQHXWUDOL]DUHOHIHFWRGHODOH\GHSRODULGDG
\JHQHUDFLyQSDUDVXVWUDHUVHWDPELpQFRPRQXHYDV'LDQDVDOHIHFWRGHVWUXFWRU
\HVFODYL]DGRUGHOHURWLVPR(QHO3ROLIHPRODVLPiJHQHVPXVLFDOHVLOXVWUDQODV
UHODFLRQHVGHSDUHMDVRGHRSXHVWRV(QODVVHUUDQDVDUWLFXODQODVUHODFLRQHVHQ
JUXSRRFRPXQLWDULDV(QHO3ROLIHPRLOXVWUDQHOSRGHUGHO$PRURGH9HQXVHQ
ODVVHUUDQDVHOSRGHUGHODDPLVWDGRGH'LDQD$PEDVVRQIXHU]DVXQLYHUVDOHV
DUTXHWLSRVTXHUHÁHMDQOH\HVXQLYHUVDOHV/DOH\XQLYHUVDOTXHXQHDORVRSXHV
WRV HV GH FDUiFWHU LQVWLQWLYR VREUH HOOD RSHUD HO HURWLVPR OD OH\ TXH SHUPLWH
QHXWUDOL]DU ORV HIHFWRV GHO HURWLVPR HV GH FDUiFWHU UDFLRQDO \ PRUDO VXSRQH
UHFRQRFHUFyPRRSHUDHOSULQFLSLRGHDWUDFFLyQGHORVRSXHVWRV\QHXWUDOL]DUOR
SDUDHYLWDUVXVIXQHVWDVFRQVHFXHQFLDV(QHVWHVHQWLGRODVYLUJLQDOHVVHUUDQDV
FRQVXVGDQ]DVHVWiQLOXVWUDQGRXQSULQFLSLRYHUWHEUDGRUGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQTXH
HVVXSHULRUDODPHUDIXHU]DGHJHQHUDFLyQSXHVFRQOOHYDHOGRPLQLR\FRQWURO
GHODVSDVLRQHVFRPRFRQGLFLyQSDUDFRQVWUXLUXQJUXSRFLYLOL]DGR(QHOGRPL
QLRGHORDSROtQHRDOOiGRQGH(URVQRSXHGHDFWXDUODDPLVWDGWRPDHOUHOHYR
GHODPRU/DFHJXHUDGHODPRUHVVXVWLWXLGDSRUYROXQWDGGHRUGHQTXHQRHVWi
H[HQWRGHEHOOH]D\DTXHHOPLVPR(URVODFRGLFLDSHURTXHHVWiDVDOYRGHO
HOHPHQWRIXHJR\GHVXVSURSLHGDGHVGHVWUXFWRUDV
(OSXQWRPHGLRHQWUHHVWRVGRVH[WUHPRVHQWUHHOPXQGRGH3ROLIHPR\HO
GH ODV 6HUUDQDV GH &XHQFD WDO YH] OR HQFRQWUDPRV HQ HO SRHPD LQDFDEDGR GH
ODV 6ROHGDGHV GRQGH GH QXHYR ODV VHUUDQDV VLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWH GRFH RIUHFHQ
XQEDLOH\XQFDQWDUGHERGDVDORVFRQYLGDGRVDODFHUHPRQLDU~VWLFDDODTXH
DVLVWHHOSHUHJULQR$TXtVHSXHGHQDXQDUODGDQ]DDSROtQHDGHODVVHUUDQDVTXH
IRUPDQXQFtUFXORSHUIHFWRFRQVXVGRFHSUHVHQFLDVFRQODEDWDOODGHDPRUTXH
UHJDOD9HQXVDORVUHFLpQFDVDGRV©DEDWDOODVGHDPRUFDPSRGHSOXPDª&RPR
KDEtDSURSXHVWR%RVFiQHQVX(StVWRODD'LHJR+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]DR*DUFLODVR
HQODeJORJD,,HOPDWULPRQLRSXHGHFRQFLOLDUODIXHU]DGHOHURWLVPRFRQODGH
ODUD]yQGHPDQHUDTXHVHVXSHUHQORVGHYDVWDGRUHVHIHFWRVGHODHQIHUPHGDG
GHDPRUVLQVDFULÀFDUODXQLyQDPRURVD%RVFiQPRVWUDEDFRPRHOÀQGHWRGRV
VXV PDOHV GH DPRUHV VX DIRUWXQDGR PDWULPRQLR FRQ$QD *LUyQ \ GHO PLVPR
PRGR *DUFLODVR HQ OD eJORJD ,, VLWXDED HQ HO FHQWUR GH VX H[WHQVD pJORJD HO
SHUIHFWRPDWULPRQLRGHO'XTXHGH$OEDFRPRHMHPSORGHVROXFLyQDODSDVLyQ
TXH HVWDED OOHYDQGR D$OEDQLR DO ERUGH GHO VXLFLGLR 3RU VXSXHVWR %RVFiQ OR
KDFtDFRQYHQFLGRPLHQWUDVTXHHQ*DUFLODVRVRQDEDDFRQYHQFLyQDMX]JDUSRU
ODH[DOWDFLyQGHODPRUHQWRGDVXREUD
'HLJXDOPRGRHQODV6ROHGDGHVODPLOLWLDDPRULVVHSURGXFHVyORXQDYH]
TXHODVRFLHGDGKDDUURSDGRFRQP~VLFDV\GDQ]DVDSROtQHDVHOHQODFHHQWUHORV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
127$662%5(/$,0$*,1(5Ì$086,&$/<(/$025(1/$32(6Ì$'(*Ð1*25$
DPDQWHV8QDYH]TXHODUD]yQKDWRPDGRFRQWUROGDQGRXQFLHUWRRUGHQDODV
SDVLRQHVODFRQVXPDFLyQGHODXQLyQSXHGHUHDOL]DUVHVLQORVWHPLGRVHIHFWRVGH
ODSDVLyQHUyWLFDDFWXDQGRDFLHJDVRHQHOGRPLQLRGHORVXEYHUVLYRFRPRHQ
HODPRUFRUWpV3DUDHVRHVWiHOPDWULPRQLR\SDUDODXQLyQPDWULPRQLDOGLVSRQH
*yQJRUD XQD GDQ]D FLUFXODU GH QXHYR LQVWUXPHQWDGD FRQ WHMROHWDV QDWXUDOHV \
DUWLFXODGDDSROtQHDPHQWHSRUGRFHVHUUDQDVTXHDPRGRGHORVGH]LUHVGHOVLJOR
;9PDWHULDOL]DQXQFtUFXORDUTXHWtSLFRGRQGHSXHGDQUHÁHMDUVHHLQVSLUDUVHORV
VXFHVRVHQHVWHFDVRHODPRUVLQHOSHOLJURGHFDHUHQHOFDRV1LQJ~QVtPEROR
HVPiVDSURSLDGRSDUDVXJHULUHOGHELGRRUGHQTXHHOFtUFXORSXHVHVHOPDQGDOD
TXHUHSUHVHQWDDWRGDODPDTXLQDULDXQLYHUVDOFX\RRUGHQDGRIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GHSHQGHGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDGH'LRV/DVVHUUDQDVLPLWDQFRQVXGDQ]DHVWHRUGHQ
\GLVSRQHQXQPDUFRDGHFXDGRSDUDTXHWULXQIHQODVIXHU]DVFRQVWUXFWLYDVGHO
DPRUVREUHVXVKRUULEOHVHIHFWRVGHVWUXFWRUHV7UDVODERGDGHOODEUDGRUFRQOD
ODEUDGRUDHQOD3ULPHUD6ROHGDGXQDJUXSRGHVHUUDQDVDSDUHFHHQODEXFyOLFD
HVFHQDSDUDUHDOL]DUHVWDGDQ]DFLUFXODUHQWUDQGHWUHVHQWUHVHVGHFLULJXDO
TXHVHGLVSRQHQORVVLJQRVHQHO]RGLDFRGHDFXHUGRDVXVHOHPHQWRV7UHVGH
WLHUUDWUHVGHDJXDWUHVGHDLUHWUHVGHIXHJR)RUPDQGRWUtJRQRVTXHVRQXQD
IRUPDFLyQGHPi[LPDDUPRQtDLGyQHDSDUDFHOHEUDUXQPDWULPRQLR(QWUDQDO
VRQGHXQD]DPSRxD6HLVVRQPRQWDxHVDVODVRWUDVVHLVODEUDGRUDV8QDGHHOODV
FRPRVHKDFtDHQORVGH]LUHVGHOVLJOR;9HQWUHODVGDPDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDEDQD
ORVSODQHWDV\DORVVLJQRVGHO]RGLDFRVHHULJHHQSRUWDYR]GHOJUXSR\FRPR
DTXHOODVGDPDVDUTXHWtSLFDVGHORVGH]LUHVGDFRQVHMRV\SURQRVWLFDDFHUFDGHOR
TXHFRQYLHQHDORVQRYLRVTXHYLYDQXQDODUJDYLGDVLQSHUGHUHODPRUFRQ\XJDO
/HVGHVHDTXHOD)RUWXQDVHDSURSLFLDFRQORVIUXWRVGHVXVFRVHFKDVGHVXVJD
QDGRV\GHVXVFROPHQDVSHURVREUHWRGRTXHQRH[FHGDQODVDOXGDEOHPHGLDQtD
FRPR H[SUHVDED %RVFiQ HQ VX HStVWROD D 0HQGR]D PDQWHQLpQGRVH LJXDO GH
GLVWDQWHVGHODRSXOHQFLDTXHGHODQHFHVLGDGSDUDHYLWDUHQYLGLDV/DVHUUDQDOHV
GHVHDFRPRDTXHOODVGDPDVHVWUHOODVGHORVGH]LUHVXQDODUJDYLGDTXHVHOOHQH
GHVDELGXUtDSDUDWUDQVPLWLUDODVVLJXLHQWHVJHQHUDFLRQHVXQDVDELGXUtDGHOD
MXVWDPHGLGDHPDQDGDGHXQPHGLRQDWXUDOIUHQWHDOFRUWHVDQR(YLGHQWHPHQWH
VHWUDWDGHXQDGDQ]DVLPEyOLFDTXHIXQFLRQDFRPRODVYLVLRQHVHQORVGH]LUHV
DOHJyULFRVSDUDKDFHUHQWUDUHQHOSRHPDDORVSHUVRQDMHVPiVVLPEyOLFRVORV
TXHHVWiQOLJDGRVDOPXQGRGHOPDFURFRVPRV\SRUWDQHOPHQVDMHGHFyPRKD
GHVHUXQDYLGDPRGpOLFDVLVHULJHSRUODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVPiVDOWDVHQYH]GHSRU
9©/HYDQWDGDVODVPHVDVDOFDQRUR6RQGHOD1LQIDXQWLHPSRDKRUDFDxD6HLVGHORV
PRQWHVVHLVGHODFDPSDxD6XVHVSDOGDVUD\DQGRHOVXWLORUR4XHQHJyDOYLHQWRHOQiFDUELHQWHMLGR
7HUQR GH *UDFLDV EHOOR UHSHWLGR&XDWUR YHFHV HQ GRFH ODEUDGRUDV(QWUy EULOODQGR QXPHURVDPHQWH<
GXOFH0XVDHQWUHHOODVVLFRQVLHQWH%iUEDUDVHO3DUQDVRPRUDGRUDV9LYLGIHOLFHV³GLMR³/DUJRFXUVR
GHHGDGQXQFDSUROLMR<VLSUROLMRHQQXGRVDPRURVRV6LHPSUHYLYLGHVSRVRVª/XLVGH*yQJRUD6R
OHGDGHVHG5REHUW-DPPHV0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
ODVSDVLRQHVPiVEDMDV$VtHQODV6ROHGDGHVODGDQ]DGHODVVHUUDQDVFXPSOHODV
YHFHVGHODVGDPDVSODQHWDVHQORVGH]LUHVDOHJyULFRVSODVPDQGRHOODVPLVPDV
FRQVXGDQ]D\GLVFXUVRHOPLVPRÀQTXHDTXHOODVRIUHFHUXQPRGHORGHFRQ
GXFWDRUGHQDGDDVtHQODWLHUUDFRPRHQHOFLHOR3URQRVWLFDU\DFRQVHMDUFRPR
ODV GDPDV SODQHWDV SHUR D JHQWH VHQFLOOD HQ YH] GH D QREOHV *yQJRUD DGDSWD
WUDQVIRUPiQGRODODIXQFLyQGHODVGDPDVSODQHWDGHORVGH]LUHVTXHKDEODEDQ
VyORDQREOHVRDUH\HVDXQiPELWRU~VWLFRTXHVHRSRQHHQVXSXUH]DDOPXQGR
FRUWHVDQRSHURTXHVLJXHULJLpQGRVHSRUODVPLVPDVOH\HVFHOHVWLDOHVODDUPRQtD
GHODVHVIHUDVTXHHVDUPRQtDQRVRORPDWHULDOVLQRIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHpWLFDR
HVSLULWXDO1LQJXQRGHORVGRVDVSHFWRVGHODFXSLGLWDVODFRQFXSLVFHQFLDROD
FRGLFLDSXHGHLQFRUSRUDUVHDODVUHODFLRQHVKXPDQDV\PHQRVD~QDODXQLyQ
DPRURVD(VRHVORTXHHQ~OWLPRWpUPLQRVLPEROL]DHVDGDQ]DGHGRFHVHUUDQDV
HQ OD ERGD UXUDO GH ODV6ROHGDGHV7RGR OR FRQWUDULR D OD GDQ]D TXH PXHYH HO
PXQGRGHO3ROLIHPR
(QVXPDSDUDHVWRVWUHVWLSRVGHVLWXDFLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOHIHFWRGHO
DPRUHQORVVHUHVKXPDQRV³ODXQLyQQDWXUDORHUyWLFDODXQLyQGHODDPLVWDG\
ODXQLyQPDWULPRQLDO³GLVSRQH*yQJRUDGHXQDLPDJLQHUtDPXVLFDOGHPDWLFHV
WDQYDULDGRVFRPRVLJQLÀFDWLYRV8QDLPDJLQHUtDTXHVHEDVDFRPRWRGRVX
HVWLORHQH[SORUDUODVLQDJRWDEOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDVGHODDQDORJtDXQLYHUVDO
/8,60,*8(/9,&(17(*$5&Ì$
8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG
3RUVXSXHVWRWDPELpQXVD*yQJRUDLPiJHQHVPXVLFDOHVHQVXYHQDVDWtULFD$YHFHVHQPHWiIRUDV
OH[LFDOL]DGDV FRQYHUWLGDV HQ GLFKRV SRSXODUHV DMHQRV DO VLJQLÀFDGR RULJLQDO GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV ©'D
ELHQHV)RUWXQD4XHQRHVWiQHVFULWRV&XDQGRSLWRVÁDXWDV&XDQGRÁDXWDVSLWRVª0&LWRHVWHWLSR
GHSRHVtDVHJ~QODHGLFLyQGH$QWRQLR&DUUHLUD/XLVGH*yQJRUD$QWRORJtDSRpWLFD0DGULG&DVWDOLD
7DPELpQ OH VLUYH SDUD HYRFDU XQD LPDJHQ XQD HVWDPSD GH OD QLxH] XQD HVWDPSD FDOOHMHUD TXH
DO KLOR GH VX ViWLUD QR HVFRQGH WDPSRFR OD QRVWDOJLD SRU OD HVSRQWDQHLGDG \ OLEHUWDG GH OD QLxH] ©\
HQODWDUGHFLFD(QQXHVWUDSOD]XHOD-XJDUp\RDOWRUR<W~DODVPXxHFDV&RQODVGRVKHUPDQDV-XDQD
\0DJGDOHQD<ODVGRVSULPLOODV0DULFD\ODWXHUWD<VLTXLHUHPDGUH'DUODVFDVWDxHWDV3RGUiVWDQWR
GH HOOREDLODU HQ OD SXHUWD< DO VRQ GHO DGXIH&DQWDUi$QGUHKXHOD©1R PH DSURYHFKDURQ0DGUH ODV
KLHUEDVª(YRFDFLyQGHXQDFDQFLyQGHQWURGHXQDGDQ]DFDOOHMHUDGHQLxRV\PXMHUHVTXHUHPHPRUDQ
XQDPELHQWHDQGDOX]IDPLOLDUWRGDYtDKR\HQOD$QGDOXFtDUXUDO(QJHQHUDOODLPDJLQHUtDPXVLFDOTXHVH
HPSOHDHQVXVSRHVtDVVDWtULFDV\GHFRUWHSRSXODUVLUYHSDUDDPELHQWDUGHXQPRGRUHDOLVWDODVHVFHQDV\
FDUHFHGHOFRQWHQLGRVLPEyOLFRGHODRWUDLPDJLQHUtDTXHKHPRVHVWXGLDGR(YLGHQWHPHQWHORVHMHPSORV
HQHVWHWLSRGHSRHVtDVRQPXFKRPiVQXPHURVRV\SUREDEOHPHQWHPHUH]FDQXQHVWXGLRDSDUWH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'(
(8523$É)5,&$<$0e5,&$(1/266,*/26'(252
%LHQVDEpLVTXHGHÉIULFDVLHPSUHQRVOOHJDDOJRQXHYR
5DEHODLV
/DSHQtQVXOD,EpULFDKDVLGRVLHPSUHPDGUH\HVFHQDULRGHFRQWDFWRV\GH
LQWHUFDPELRVHQWUHSXHEORVFXOWXUDVOHQJXDVWUDGLFLRQHV\UHOLJLRQHVGLIHUHQWHV
6XORFDOL]DFLyQIURQWHUL]DHQWUH(XURSD\ÉIULFDVXFRQGLFLyQGHSXHQWHKLVWyULFR
HQWUHHO9LHMR\HO1XHYR&RQWLQHQWHVXHVWDWXVGHSXHUWRGHVDOLGDGHOOHJDGD\
GHWUiQVLWRGHSHUVRQDVGHODPiVYDULDGDSURFHGHQFLD\FRQGLFLyQVXWUDGLFLyQ
FXOWXUDODOLPHQWDGDSRULEHURVFHOWDVJULHJRVURPDQRVJHUPDQRVFULVWLDQRV
PXVXOPDQHVMXGtRVJLWDQRV\WDQWRVRWURVODGLYHUVLGDGGHVXVFXOWXUDV\GHVXV
OHQJXDVDXWyFWRQDVKDQFRQYHUWLGRQXHVWUDSHQtQVXODHQXQDXWpQWLFRFULVROGH
LQÁXHQFLDVGHFRQYHUJHQFLDV\GHPH]FODVTXHKDQGHMDGRXQDLPSURQWDPX\
PDUFDGD\SRGHURVDQRVyORVREUHODSURSLDLGHQWLGDGLEpULFDVLQRWDPELpQVREUH
ODVGHODVGHPiVWUDGLFLRQHVTXHDOJ~QGtDWXYLHURQFRQWDFWR\TXHVHWRFDURQD
WUDYpVGHHOODODHXURSHDODDPHULFDQD\ODDIULFDQD
1RHVSRVLEOHHQHOOLPLWDGRWLHPSRGHHVWDLQWHUYHQFLyQQLDXQFLxpQGRQRV
HVWULFWDPHQWHDOiPELWRPX\SDUFLDO\SXQWXDOGHODFDQFLyQWUDGLFLRQDOUHFXSHUDU
HOPDSD\ODVHFXHQFLDGHWRGRVORVYLDMHVGHWRGRVORVFRQWDFWRVGHWRGRVORV
LQWHUFDPELRVGHYRFHVGHP~VLFDV\GHFDQFLRQHVTXHFREUDURQLPSXOVRHQOD
)UDQoRLV5DEHODLV*DUJDQW~DWUDG-%DUMD0DGULG$NDOSiJ
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
(VSDxDRDSDUWLUGHOD(VSDxDGHORV6LJORVGH2UR(ODIiQIHEULOGHHPLJUDU
HQ EXVFD GH KRUL]RQWHV PHMRUHV OD HVFDVH] \ SHUPHDELOLGDG GH EDUUHUDV \ GH
IURQWHUDV DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV \ WDPELpQ ³SRU GHVJUDFLD³ HO DXJH \ ORV H[FHVRV
TXHSRUHQWRQFHVDOFDQ]yHOWUiÀFR\ODH[SORWDFLyQGHORVHVFODYRVSURSLFLyD
SDUWLUGHOFHQWURQHXUiOJLFRGHQXHVWUDSHQtQVXOD\HQP~OWLSOHVGLUHFFLRQHVTXH
SDUWtDQOOHJDEDQRSDVDEDQSRUORVWUHVFRQWLQHQWHVTXHEDxDQHO$WOiQWLFRXQ
WUiQVLWRPX\ÁXLGRGHJHQWHVGHLGHDV\GHFXOWXUDV
/DFUtWLFDLQWHUQDFLRQDOVHKDÀMDGRGHVGHDQWLJXRHQODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHODV
FDQFLRQHVOtULFDVRUDOHVGHORVWUHVFRQWLQHQWHV³(XURSD$PpULFDÉIULFD³GH
ORVTXH(VSDxDIXHSULQFLSDOHVODEyQGHHQJDUFHGXUDQWHORV6LJORVGH2UR(Q
FDStWXORV JUDQGHV R SHTXHxRV HQ DSXQWHV VXVWDQFLDOHV R PDUJLQDOHV LQYHVWL
JDGRUHV FOiVLFRV FRPR )UDQFLVFR$VHQMR %DUELHUL 5DPyQ 0HQpQGH] 3LGDO
R 3HGUR +HQUtTXH] 8UHxD QR GHMDURQ GH DERUGDU OD FXHVWLyQ GH ORV SULPHURV
SDVRVGHODOLWHUDWXUDRUDO³\GHODP~VLFDSRSXODU³HVSDxRODHQ$PpULFD8Q
LQYHVWLJDGRUQRWDQFRQRFLGRFRPRORVDQWHULRUHVHQ(VSDxDSHURLJXDOPHQWH
FOiVLFRSURIXQGL]yPXFKRPiVHQODFXHVWLyQVHWUDWDGHODUJHQWLQR-XDQ$OIRQVR
&DUUL]RDXWRUGHORVTXHKR\VLJXHQVLHQGRSUREDEOHPHQWHORVHVWXGLRVPHMRU
GRFXPHQWDGRVVREUHODSRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDOKLVSDQRDPHULFDQDHQORVTXHSUHVWy
HVSHFLDO \ PLQXFLRVtVLPD DWHQFLyQ D OD FXHVWLyQ GH VXV RUtJHQHV \ SUpVWDPRV
HVSDxROHV\HXURSHRVDGHPiVGHDVXVSDUDOHORVPXOWLFXOWXUDOHV'HFRORVDOKD
GHFDOLÀFDUVHWDPELpQODDSRUWDFLyQGHOPXVLFyORJRQRUWHDPHULFDQR5REHUW0
6WHYHQVRQDOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODP~VLFD\GHODVFDQFLRQHVKLVSDQRDPHULFDQDV
HQODpSRFDFRORQLDOGHVXVYtQFXORVFRQORVGHODPHWUySROL\WDPELpQFRQORV
DIULFDQRV 1R PHQRV LPSRUWDQWH HV OD FROHFFLyQ GH GRFXPHQWRV FRPHQWDULRV
9pDVH(PLOLR&DVDUHV5RGLFLR)UDQFLVFR$VHQMR%DUELHUL(VFULWRV0DGULG,QVWLWXWR&RPSOXWHQVH
GH&LHQFLDV0XVLFDOHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVSiJV
9pDVH5DPyQ0HQpQGH]3LGDO/RVURPDQFHVGH$PpULFD\RWURVHVWXGLRV0DGULG(VSDVD&DOSH
UHHG\5RPDQFHURKLVSiQLFR+LVSDQRSRUWXJXpVDPHULFDQR\VHIDUGtYROV0DGULG(VSDVD&DOSH
9pDVHDOUHVSHFWR3HGUR+HQUtTXH]8UHxD\VXDSRUWHDOIROFORUHODWLQRDPHULFDQR0p[LFR,1$+
9pDVH-XDQ$OIRQVR&DUUL]R$QWHFHGHQWHVKLVSDQRPHGLHYDOHVGHODSRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDODUJHQWLQD
%XHQRV$LUHV(VWXGLRV+LVSiQLFRV\/DSRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDODUJHQWLQDLQWURGXFFLyQDVXHVWXGLR/D
3ODWD0LQLVWHULRGH(GXFDFLyQGHOD3URYLQFLDGH%XHQRV$LUHV
9pDQVHHQWUHRWUDVPXFKDVGHVXVREUDV0XVLFLQ0H[LFR$+LVWRULFDO6XUYH\1XHYD<RUN7KRPDV
<&URZHOO7KH0XVLFRI3HUX$ERULJLQDODQG9LFHUR\DO(SRFKV:DVKLQJWRQ'&2UJDQL]DWLRQRI
$PHULFDQ6WDWHV©(DUO\3HUXYLDQ)RON0XVLFª-RXUQDORI$PHULFDQ)RONORUH/;;,,,SiJV
©&RORQLDO0XVLFLQ%RJRWDª,QWHU$PHULFDQ0XVLF%XOOHWLQSiJV©6HFXODU0XVLF
LQ&RORQLDO0H[LFRª,QWHU$PHULFDQ0XVLF%XOOHWLQSiJV©&RORQLDO0XVLFLQ&RORPELDª
7KH$PHULFDV;,;SiJV©(XURSHDQ0XVLFLQ6L[WHHQWK&HQWXU\*XDWHPDODª7KH0XVLFDO
4XDUWHUO\/SiJV0XVLFLQ$]WHFDQG,QFD7HUULWRULHV%HUNHOH\/RV$QJHOHV8QLYHUVLW\
RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV©6RPH3RUWXJXHVH6RXUFHVIRU(DUO\%UD]LOLDQ0XVLF+LVWRU\ª<HDUERRNRIWKH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
\FUtWLFDVVREUHODVFDQFLRQHV\P~VLFDVSRSXODUHVFXEDQDV³\VREUHVXVRUt
JHQHV³TXHSXEOLFyHOFpOHEUHQDUUDGRU³\WDPELpQPXVLFyORJR³$OHMR&DU
SHQWLHUHQWUH\\TXHDFDEDURQLQWHJUDGRVHQORVQXWULGRVYRO~PHQHV
GH/DP~VLFDHQ&XED2WUDDSRUWDFLyQLPSUHVFLQGLEOHHVODGHOJUDQHWQyJUDIR
FDQDULR-RVp3pUH]9LGDODXWRUGHHVWXGLRVFOiVLFRVVREUHODVPXWXDVLQÁXHQFLDV
\FUXFHVGHODVSRHVtDVWUDGLFLRQDOHVFDQDULD\HKLVSDQRDPHULFDQD(QWLHPSRV
PiVUHFLHQWHV0DUJLW)UHQNKDGDGRXQLPSXOVRGHFLVLYRDORVHVWXGLRVVREUHOD
OtULFDWUDGLFLRQDOHQHO0p[LFRFRORQLDOQRVyORLQFRUSRUDQGRORVWH[WRVFRUUHV
SRQGLHQWHVHQVXPRQXPHQWDO&RUSXVGHODDQWLJXDSRSXODUKLVSiQLFD6LJORV
;9D;9,,VLQRWDPELpQDQDOL]DQGR\HGLWDQGRSRHWDV³FRPR)HUQiQ*RQ]iOH]
GH(VODYD³TXHHVFULELHURQHQHOYLUUHLQDWR\TXHH[SORWDURQLQWHQVDPHQWHOD
YHWDGHODSRHVtDSRSXODU3RUVXSDUWH0DUtDÉJXHGD0pQGH]³DYHFHVHQ
FRODERUDFLyQFRQ*HRUJHV%DXGRW³KDH[KXPDGR\HVWXGLDGRXQDDVRPEURVD
FROHFFLyQGHWH[WRVOLWHUDULRVPXFKRVGHHOORVFRQIRUPDGHFDQFLyQSRSXODU
RFXOWRVGXUDQWHVLJORVHQORVDUFKLYRVLQTXLVLWRULDOHVPH[LFDQRV
,QWHU$PHULFDQ,QVWLWXWHIRU0XVLFDO5HVHDUFK,9SiJV©/DP~VLFDFKLOHQDHQODpSRFDGH6DQWD
&UX]ª%ROHWtQ,QWHUDPHULFDQRGH0~VLFDSiJV&KULVWPDV0XVLFIURP%DURTXH0H[LFR
%HUNHOH\/RV$QJHOHV8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\YLOODQFLFRVIURPD3XHEOD
FRQYHQWDUFKLYH/LPD(GLFLRQHV&9/795$©$FHQWRVIRONOyULFRVHQODP~VLFDPH[LFDQDWHPSUDQDª
+HWHURIRQtD;SiJV6SDQLVK0XVLFLQWKH$JHRI&ROXPEXV:HVWSRUW&RQQ+\SHULRQUHHG
\/DP~VLFDHQ4XLWR4XLWR%DQFR&HQWUDOGH(FXDGRU&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\&XOWXUD
$OHMR&DUSHQWLHU/DP~VLFDHQ&XED0p[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFDUHHG
9pDVH-RVp3pUH]9LGDO$SRUWDFLyQGH&DQDULDVDODSREODFLyQGH$PpULFDVXLQÁXHQFLDHQOD
OHQJXD\HQODSRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDO/DV3DOPDV&DELOGR,QVXODUGH*UDQ&DQDULD
0DGULG&DVWDOLD
9pDVHVREUHWRGR)HUQiQ*RQ]iOH]GH(VODYD9LOODQFLFRVURPDQFHVHQVDODGDV\RWUDVFDQFLRQHV
GHYRWDVHG0)UHQN0p[LFR(O&ROHJLRGH0p[LFR
9pDVH0DUtDÉJXHGD0pQGH]\RWURV&DWiORJRGHWH[WRVPDUJLQDGRVQRYRKLVSDQRV,QTXLVLFLyQ
VLJOR;9,,$UFKLYR*HQHUDOGHOD1DFLyQ0p[LFR(O&ROHJLRGH0p[LFR)21&$\0DUtDÉJXHGD
0pQGH]\RWURV&DWiORJRGHWH[WRVPDUJLQDGRVQRYRKLVSDQRV,QTXLVLFLyQVLJORV;9,,,\;,;$UFKLYR
*HQHUDOGHOD1DFLyQ0p[LFR$UFKLYR*HQHUDOGHOD1DFLyQ(O&ROHJLRGH0p[LFR81$00X\
LPSRUWDQWHHVWDPELpQHOOLEURGH*HRUJHV%DXGRW\0DUtDÉJXHGD0pQGH]$PRUHVSURKLELGRVODSDODEUD
FRQGHQDGDHQHO0p[LFRGHORV9LUUH\HV0p[LFR6LJOR;;,7UDEDMRVTXHKDQVHJXLGRODVHQGD
PDUFDGDSRUORVHVWXGLRVGH0pQGH]\WDPELpQGH%DXGRWVRQORVGH1RHPt4XH]DGD©(OHURWLVPR\
ORSURKLELGRª\©(OPDOHÀFLRDPRURVRªHQ6H[XDOLGDGDPRU\HURWLVPR0p[LFRSUHKLVSiQLFR\0p[LFR
FRORQLDO0p[LFR81$03OD]D\9DOGpVSiJV(QRUPHLQWHUpV\JUDQFHUFDQtDJHQpULFD\
HVWLOtVWLFDFRQHOFDQFLRQHURWUDGLFLRQDOWLHQHWDPELpQHOUHSHUWRULRGHSOHJDULDVEDUURFDVPH[LFDQDVTXH
KDQVLGRH[KXPDGDV\HVWXGLDGDVHQ$UDFHOL&DPSRV0RUHQR2UDFLRQHVHQVDOPRV\FRQMXURVPiJLFRV
GHO$UFKLYR,QTXLVLWRULDOGHOD1XHYD(VSDxD(GLFLyQDQRWDGD\HVWXGLRSUHOLPLQDUWHVLV
GHPDHVWUtD0p[LFR81$0\8QWLSRGHOLWHUDWXUDPDUJLQDOHQOD1XHYD(VSDxDRUDFLRQHV
HQVDOPRV\FRQMXURVPiJLFRVGHO$UFKLYR,QTXLVLWRULDOWHVLVGHGRFWRUDGR0p[LFR81$0
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
$ODVSURGXFFLRQHVSLRQHUDVRPRQXPHQWDOHVGHWRGRVHVWRVFUtWLFRVKD\
TXHVXPDUPXFKRVPiVDXWRUHV\HVWXGLRV6HKDQSXEOLFDGRVREUHWRGRHQORV
~OWLPRVDxRVDOJXQDVLQWURGXFFLRQHVGHWLSRJHQHUDODODSRHVtD\DODP~VLFD
SRSXODUHV ³\ D VXV RUtJHQHV³ GH +LVSDQRDPpULFD R GH iUHDV FRQFUHWDV
FRPRHO&DULEH7DPELpQVHGHEHQFLWDUORVHVWXGLRVGHWLSRPXVLFROyJLFR
\ IROFORUtVWLFR GH ,VDEHO$UHW] R ORV GH FDUiFWHU VRFLROyJLFR \ FXOWXUDO GH
0DUWLQ /LHQKDUG VREUH OD SRHVtD GHO SXHEOR \ OD SRHVtD GH ODV pOLWHV HQ HO
FRQWLQHQWH<HVWXGLRVPiVFRQFUHWRV\VHFWRULDOHVFRPRORVDFHUFDPLHQWRV
OLWHUDULRVHVFULWRVRHGLWDGRVSRU-XDQ-RVp$UURPVREUHORVHFRVPH[LFDQRV
GH OD YLHMD FDQFLyQ HVSDxROD TXH FRPHQ]DED ©6iOYHRV 'LRVGXFDGR GH D
GRVª R SRU 0DULDQD 0DVHUD VREUH OD SULPHUD SRHVtD WUDGLFLRQDO FULROOD
GRFXPHQWDGD HQ 0p[LFR R ORV HVWXGLRV GH RWURV DXWRUHV VREUH OD SULPHUD
OtULFD SRSXODU PH[LFDQD GHVGH ODV SHUVSHFWLYDV VRFLRKLVWyULFD R PXVLFROy
9pDVH(PLOLD&DULOOD©/DOtULFDKLVSDQRDPHULFDQDFRORQLDOª+LVWRULDGHODOLWHUDWXUDKLVSDQR
DPHULFDQD,eSRFDFRORQLDOFRRUG/Ì0DGULJDO0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJVHVSHFLDOPHQWH
SiJV0XVLFDO5HSHUFXVVLRQVRI(QFRXQWHUVLQ7H[WDQG3HUIRUPDQFHHG&DURO(5REHUWVRQ
:DVKLQJWRQ'&6PLWKVRQLDQ,QVWLWXWLRQ3UHVV0(VVHV'DQFHDQG,QVWUXPHQWDO©'LIHUHQFLDVª
LQ6SDLQGXULQJWKHKWDQG(DUO\WK&HQWXULHV,1XHYD<RUN3HQGUDJRQ3UHVV%HJRxD/ROR
+HUUDQ]©0~VLFDª/DKXHOODGH$PpULFDHQ(VSDxD9DOHQFLD*HQHUDOLWDWSiJV
9pDVH/LVD/HNLV7KH2ULJLQDQG'HYHORSPHQWRI(WKQLF&DULEEHDQ'DQFHDQG0XVLF7HVLV
GRFWRUDO8QLYHUVLGDGGH)ORULGD
9pDVH ,VDEHO$UHW] ©/D P~VLFD LEpULFD HQ$PpULFDª $QXDULR 0XVLFDO ;;;,;;/ SiJV\ODELEOLRJUDItDDODTXHUHPLWH
0DUWLQ /LHQKDUG /D YR] \ VX KXHOOD (VFULWXUD \ FRQÁLFWR pWQLFRVRFLDO HQ $PpULFD /DWLQD
/D+DEDQD&DVDGHODV$PpULFDV
9pDVH-XDQ-RVp$UURP©2ULJHQ\VHPiQWLFDGHODSDODEUD&KpYHUHª+LVSDQLF6WXGLHVLQ+RQRU
RI 1LFKROVRQ %$GDPV HG - ( .HOOHU \ . / 6HOLJ &KDSHO +LOO9DOHQFLD7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 1RUWK
&DUROLQD3UHVVSiJVSiJV/DFDQFLyQHVSDxRODTXHHVWXGLD$UURPHQHVWDVSiJLQDVHV
ODTXHWLHQHHOQ~PHURHQHO&RUSXVGHODDQWLJXDOtULFDSRSXODUKLVSiQLFDGH0DUJLW)UHQN
0DULDQD0DVHUD&HUXWWL©3ULPHURVDSXQWHVSDUDXQHVWXGLROLWHUDULRGHOFDQFLRQHURGH3XHEOD
2D[DFDOODPDGRWDPELpQGH*DVSDU)HUQiQGHVª&XDGHUQRVGH+LVWRULD(FOHVLiVWLFD'HSDSHOHVPXGRV
DFRPSRVLFLRQHVVRQRUDV/DP~VLFDHQOD&DWHGUDOGH2D[DFD6LJORV;9,,;;FRRUG--/L]DPD\
'7UDIIDQRSiJV\©7H[WRVSRpWLFRVSRSXODUHV\SRSXODUL]DQWHVHQOD1XHYD(VSDxDGHO
VLJOR;9,,ª5HYLVWDGH/LWHUDWXUDV3RSXODUHVSiJV9pDVHDGHPiVHOPDJQtÀFROLEUR
/DRWUD1XHYD(VSDxDODSDODEUDPDUJLQDGDHQOD&RORQLDHG00DVHUD%DUFHORQD$]XO
9pDVH5XEpQ0&DPSRV(OIRONORUHOLWHUDULRGH0p[LFR,QYHQFLyQDFHUFDGHODSURGXFFLyQ
OLWHUDULDSRSXODU0p[LFR6(3*6DOGtYDU\6LOYD+LVWRULDGHODP~VLFDHQ0p[L
FRpSRFDVSUHFRUWHVLDQD\FRORQLDO0p[LFR')6HFUHWDULDGRGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD05DPRV
6PLWK /D GDQ]D HQ 0p[LFR GXUDQWH OD pSRFD FRORQLDO /D +DEDQD &DVD GH ODV$PpULFDV -RVp
$QWRQLR5REOHV&DKHUR©/DPHPRULDGHOFXHUSR\ODWUDQVPLVLyQFXOWXUDOODVGDQ]DVSRSXODUHVHQHO
VLJOR;9,,,QRYRKLVSDQRª+HWHURIRQtDSiJV\$QWRQLR*DUFtDGH/HyQ©&RQWUDSXQWR
EDUURFRHQHO9HUDFUX]FRORQLDOª0RGHUQLGDGPHVWL]DMHFXOWXUDO\(WKRVEDUURFR0p[LFR81$0(O
(TXLOLEULVWDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
JLFD$GHPiVFRQWDPRVDKRUDFRQHVWXGLRVVREUHODVIXHQWHVHVSDxRODVGHOD
SRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDOFKLOHQD\FRORPELDQDVREUHODVKXHOODVGHFDQFLRQHV\GH
URPDQFHVSHQLQVXODUHVHQHO%UDVLOFRORQLDORVREUHODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHP~VLFD
\HVFODYLVPRHQODYLHMD&XED\WDPELpQVREUHHOPRGRHQTXHVHXWLOL]DURQ
ODV GDQ]DV \ ODV FDQFLRQHV IROFOyULFDV HQ ODV ODERUHV GH HYDQJHOL]DFLyQ \ GH
FRORQL]DFLyQHQWRGD$PpULFDRVREUHORVDVSHFWRVLGHQWLWDULRVGHODSRHVtD\
GHODP~VLFDSRSXODUDQGLQDHQODVpSRFDVFRORQLDOHV
$GHPiV\FRPRODVLQÁXHQFLDVQRIXHURQVyORXQLGLUHFFLRQDOHVVLQRGHLGD
\YXHOWDFRQWDPRVWDPELpQFRQHVWXGLRVVREUHODVFDQFLRQHV\HOWHDWURIHVWLYR
GH$PpULFDRDPELHQWDGRHQ$PpULFDHQORVHVFHQDULRVEDUURFRVHVSDxROHV
9pDVH -HV~V (VWUDGD 0~VLFD \ P~VLFRV GH OD pSRFD YLUUHLQDO HG$ /LUD 0p[LFR 6(3
&UDLJ+5XVVHOO©/XOO\DQG)UHQFK'DQFHLQ,PSHULDO6SDLQ7KH/RQJ5RDGIURP9HUVDLOOHVWR
9HUDFUX]ª3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH6RFLHW\RI'DQFH+LVWRU\6FKRODUV)RXUWHHQWK$QQXDO&RQIHUHQFH©'DQFH
LQ+LVSDQLF&XOWXUHVª0LDPL)ORULGDSiJV$QWRQLR(]TXHUUR(VWHEDQ©&DVRVFXULRVRV
SHFXOLDULGDGHV\IRUPDVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHDQRWDUODP~VLFDHQHOiUHDKLVSiQLFDHQHOVLJOR;9,,ª$QXDULR
0XVLFDOSiJV
9pDVH ,QpV 'RO]%ODFNEXUQ 2ULJHQ \ GHVDUUROOR GH OD SRHVtD WUDGLFLRQDO \ SRSXODU FKLOHQD
GHVGHOD&RQTXLVWDKDVWDHOSUHVHQWH6DQWLDJRGH&KLOHSiJV\
9pDVH$QGUpV3DUGR7RYDU/DSRHVtDSRSXODUFRORPELDQD\VXVRUtJHQHVHVSDxROHV%RJRWi
)XQGDFLyQ8QLYHUVLGDGGH$PpULFD,QVWLWXWR&RORPELDQRGH(WQRPXVLFRORJtD\)RONORUH\*LVHOD
%HXWOHU(VWXGLRVVREUHHOURPDQFHURHVSDxROHQ&RORPELDHQVXWUDGLFLyQHVFULWD\RUDOGHVGHODpSRFDGH
OD&RQTXLVWDKDVWDODDFWXDOLGDG%RJRWi3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHOD,QVWLWXFLyQ&DUR\&XHUYR;/,9
9pDVH1LFROiV([WUHPHUD7DSLD©(FRVGHOFDQFLRQHUR\URPDQFHURSHQLQVXODUHVHQHO%UDVLOGHO
VLJOR;9,ª0HGLRHYR\/LWHUDWXUD$FWDVGHO4XLQWR&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD$VRFLDFLyQ+LVSiQLFD
GH/LWHUDWXUD0HGLHYDO*UDQDGDYROVHG-3DUHGHV*UDQDGD8QLYHUVLGDG,SiJV
-HDQ3LHUUH3DXWH©0~VLFD\VRFLHGDGHVFODYLVWDHQ&XEDª$QXDULRGH(VWXGLRV$PHULFDQRV
SiJV
9pDVH%HUWD$UHV4XHLMD©/DVGDQ]DVGHORVLQGLRVXQFDPLQRSDUDODHYDQJHOL]DFLyQGHOYL
UUHLQDWRGHO3HU~ª5HYLVWDH,QGLDVSiJV-XDQ&DUORV(VWHQVVRUR)XFKV©/RVEDLOHV
GHORVLQGLRV\HOSUR\HFWRFRORQLDOª5HYLVWD$QGLQD;SiJV
9pDVH *pUDUG %RUUDV © 0XVLTXHV HW GDQVHV XQ DVSHFW GX SKpQRPqQH LGHQWLWDLUH
GDQVOHVSD\VGHO·DLUHDQGLQHª&DUDYHOOHSiJV
9pDVH$QWRQLR3DJHV/DUD\D©%DLOHV\PRMLJDQJDVVREUHHO1XHYR0XQGRHQHOWHDWURHVSDxRO
GHOVLJOR;9,,ª&XDGHUQRV+LVSDQRDPHULFDQRVSiJVYpDVHDGHPiV0DUFRV
$ 0RUtQLJR $PpULFD HQ HO WHDWUR GH /RSH GH 9HJD %XHQRV$LUHV 5HYLVWD GH )LORORJtD +LVSiQLFD
7HDWUR\ÀHVWDHQHO%DUURFR(VSDxDH,EHURDPpULFD6HPLQDULRGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG,QWHUQDFLRQDO
0HQpQGH] 3HOD\R 6HYLOOD RFWXEUH GH HGV - 0 'tH] %RUTXH \ -$OFLQD )UDQFK %DUFHORQD
(GLFLRQHVGHO6HUEDO$QGUHD6RPPHU0DWKLV(OWHDWURGHVFXEUH$PpULFDÀHVWDV\WHDWURHQOD
&DVD GH$XVWULD HG7 5H\HV 6LFLOLD 0DGULG 0$3)5( )UDQFLVFR 5XL] 5DPyQ
$PpULFDHQHOWHDWURFOiVLFRHVSDxRO3DPSORQD(816$$PpULFD\HOWHDWURHVSDxROGHO6LJOR
GH2UR,,&RQJUHVR,EHURDPHULFDQRGH7HDWUR&iGL]DGHRFWXEUHHG&5HYHUWH%HUQDO
\0GHORV5H\HV3HxD&iGL]8QLYHUVLGDG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
<R PLVPR KH DERUGDGR OD FXHVWLyQ GH ORV SUpVWDPRV H LQWHUFDPELRV HQWUH
ODV WUDGLFLRQHV OtULFDV SRSXODUHV GH (VSDxD \ GH +LVSDQRDPpULFD ³\ GH RWUDV
WUDGLFLRQHV³HQQXPHURVRVWUDEDMRVDOJXQRGHHOORVEDVDGRVREUHWRGRHQOD
OLWHUDWXUDFURQtVWLFDGHOVLJOR;9,RHQODGRFXPHQWDFLyQGHGLYHUVRVDUFKLYRV
PXVLFDOHVKLVSDQRDPHULFDQRV
9pDQVH HQ HVSHFLDO PLV DUWtFXORV ©(O URPDQFH OtULFR GH (O URQGDGRU VHGLHQWR HQ HO IROFORUH
VHIDUGtGH2ULHQWHª5HYLVWDGH)RONORUHSiJV©/DQRYLDH[LJHQWHGHXQDVVHJXLGLOODV
GHOVLJOR;9,,D©EDOOURGyªFDWDOiQ\FDQFLyQSDUDOHOtVWLFDVHIDUGtª&ULWLFyQSiJV
©/DFDQFLyQGHURQGDGH/DVFDOOHVGHODPRUHQWUHORVVHIDUGtHVGH2ULHQWHª5HYLVWDGH)RONORUH
SiJV ©&DQFLRQHV GLVSDUDWDGDV \ ULPDV IUXVWUDGDV QRWDV VREUH XQ UHFXUVR SRpWLFR GHO
FDQFLRQHURSRSXODUVLJORV;9,,DO;;ª%ROHWtQGHOD%LEOLRWHFDGH0HQpQGH]3HOD\R/;;,,
SiJV©%RUJHV\ODUHWyULFDGHOGLVSDUDWHIXHQWHV\FRUUHVSRQGHQFLDVPHGLHYDOHVUHQDFHQWLVWDV
\IROFOyULFDVGH(O$OHSKª'LFHQGDSiJV©(OMXHJR'HOSDODFLRDODFRFLQDHQHO
)XHUR9LHMRGH&DVWLOODVLJORV;,,;,9ª0HGLRHYR5RPDQ]R;;SiJV©0HPRULD
IROFOyULFDUHFUHDFLyQOLWHUDULD\WUDQVFXOWXUDOLVPRGHXQDFDQFLyQ(OPDULQDEDUFDEOHVLJORV,,DO;;ª
$UWHVGD)DODHGV-RUJH)UHLWDV%UDQFR\3DXOR/LPD2HLUDV&HOWDSiJV©¢'yQGHHVWiQ
ODVFRVDV"XQDFDQFLyQFXHQWRWUDGLFLRQDOHQ1DYDUUD\VXVSDUDOHORVKLVSiQLFRVHXURSHRV\iUDEHV$7
ª&XDGHUQRVGH(WQRORJtD\(WQRJUDItDGH1DYDUUDSiJV©/DVLHJDDFFL
GHQWDGDXQDFDQFLyQGLVSDUDWDGDGHOVLJOR;9,,\VXVVXSHUYLYHQFLDVIROFOyULFDVPRGHUQDVª5HYLVWDGH
)RONORUHSiJV©6REUHXQDVFDQFLRQHVGHFXQDVHIDUGtHV\VXVSDUDOHORVKLVSDQRSRU
WXJXHVHVª%ULJDQWLD;,;SiJV©+LVWRULDHKLVWRULDVGHODFDQFLyQLPSURYLVDGDGHORV
PLVWHULRVGH(OHXVLV\/DV0LO\XQDQRFKHVDOJDXFKR6DQWRV9HJDª$FWDVGHO6H[WR(QFXHQWUR)HVWLYDO
,EHURDPHULFDQRGHOD'pFLPD\HO9HUVR,PSURYLVDGRYROVHGV07UDSHUR(6DQWDQD0DUWHO\&
0iUTXH]0RQWHV/DV3DOPDVGH*UDQ&DQDULD8QLYHUVLGDGGH/DV3DOPDVGH*UDQ&DQDULD$&$'(
SiJV©/DVFDVDVQREOHVGRFXPHQWRVKLVWRULD\SDUDOHORVGHXQDFDQFLyQGHDJXLQDOGR
QDYDUUDª&XDGHUQRVGH(WQRORJtD\(WQRJUDItDGH1DYDUUD;;;,,SiJV©6LHVWH
OLEURVHSHUGLHUDªJHRJUDItDHKLVWRULDGHXQH[OLEULVWUDGLFLRQDOª6LJQRSiJV©/D
FDQFLyQGH6DQ-XDQ9HUGHGHODQiOLVLVWH[WXDODODQiOLVLVFXOWXUDOªHQ&DQ]LRQHUL,EHULFLHG3DWUL]LD
%RWWD&DUPHQ3DUULOODH,JQDFLR3pUH]3DVFXDOYROV/D&RUXxD(GLWRULDO7R[R6RXWRV8QLYHUVLWjGL
3DGRYD8QLYHUVLGDGHGD&RUXxD,,SiJV©/DVERPEDVXQJpQHURGHFDQFLyQ\GHGDQ]D
HQODVWUDGLFLRQHVPH[LFDQD\SDQKLVSiQLFDª5HYLVWDGH/LWHUDWXUDV3RSXODUHVSiJV\
©(OVRQPH[LFDQRGH(OSDPSLUXOR\HOWySLFROLWHUDULRGH/RVWUHVHVWDPHQWRVª/DRWUD1XHYD(VSDxD
OD SDODEUD PDUJLQDGD HQ OD &RORQLD HG 0 0DVHUD %DUFHORQD$]XO SiJV < WDPELpQ
GLYHUVRVDUWtFXORVGHPLVOLEURV/DVGRVVLUHQDV\RWURVHVWXGLRVGHOLWHUDWXUDWUDGLFLRQDO'HOD(GDG
0HGLDDOVLJOR;;0DGULG6LJOR;;,(GLWRUHVGH(VSDxD\7UDGLFLyQRUDO\HVFULWXUDVSRpWLFDV
HQORV6LJORVGH2UR2LDUW]XQ6HQGRD
(QHIHFWRHQPLDUWtFXOR©1RWDV\DGHQGDVDO&RUSXVGHODDQWLJXDOtULFDSRSXODUKLVSiQLFD
VLJORV;9D;9,,GH0)UHQN\DSRVWLOODVDGRVUHVHxDVGH''HYRWRª$QXDULRGH/HWUDV;;;,,
SiJV UHSURGXMH OD FDQFLyQ TXH ORV FURQLVWDV ) /ySH] GH *yPDUD +LVSDQLD 9LFWUL[
SULPHUD \ VHJXQGD SDUWH GH OD +LVWRULD JHQHUDO GH ODV ,QGLDV +LVWRULDGRUHV SULPLWLYRV GH ,QGLDV ,
0DGULG >%$( @ SiJV \ 3 *XWLpUUH] GH 6DQWD &ODUD 4XLQTXHQDULRV R +LVWRULD
GHODVJXHUUDVFLYLOHVGHO3HU~&UyQLFDVGHO3HU~,90DGULG>%$(@SiJSXVLHURQHQ
ERFDGH+HUQiQ&RUWpVFXDQGRHQFRPHQGyODFRQTXLVWDGHQXHYDVWLHUUDVDXQRGHVXVOXJDUWHQLHQWHV
©'HDTXtDTXtPHORHQFRUGRQHGHVGHDTXtDTXtPHORHQFRUGRQDGª6LKDFHPRVFDVRGH-$&DUUL]R
/DSRHVtDWUDGLFLRQDODUJHQWLQDLQWURGXFFLyQDVXHVWXGLR/D3ODWDSiJ©DFDVRIXHHVWH
GtVWLFRSDUWHGHXQYLOODQFLFRWUDGLFLRQDOHQWRQFHVHQ(VSDxDª2WUDFDQFLyQGHODVFUyQLFDVDPHULFDQDV
HVHO©FKLVWHTXHVLHPSUHFDQWDEDQORVVROGDGRV(OXQRMXJDU\HORWURGRUPLU£2KTXpJHQWLO1RFRPHU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
&DEH GHFLU TXH KDVWD XQ FRPHQWDULVWD WDQ LQHVSHUDGR FRPR HO KLVSDQLVWD
EULWiQLFR*HUDOG%UHQDQTXHIXHDXWRUGHXQSRFRFRQRFLGR³\QRGHPDVLDGR
EULOODQWH³OLEURVREUHHOFDQFLRQHURWUDGLFLRQDOHVSDxROOOHJyDVHxDODUTXH
GHVGHORV~OWLPRVDxRVGHOVLJOR;,9KDVWDORV~OWLPRVGHOVLJOR;9,,,
IXHODGDQ]DHVSDxRODODTXHLPSUHVLRQyDOUHVWRGH(XURSDSDYDQDV
\ ]DUDEDQGDV IDQGDQJRV \ VHJXLGLOODV SRU QR KDEODU GH ORV EDLOHV
PRURV WUDtGRV D FDVD GHVGH HO 1RUWH GH (VSDxD \ 3RUWXJDO SRU -RKQ
RI*DXQWFUX]DURQORV3LULQHRVSDUDVHUWUDQVIRUPDGRVHQHMHUFLFLRV
DOVREULRDLUHGH)UDQFLDFDSDFHVGHVHUHMHFXWDGRVSRUODUtJLGDDU
WLFXODFLyQGHOQRUWH
3HURODP~VLFDFRQODTXHHVWRVEDLOHVVHGDQ]DEDQQRWUDVSDVyODV
IURQWHUDVGHOD3HQtQVXODKDVWDTXHHOXFUDQLDQR*OLQNDODGHVFXEULy
HQ*UDQDGD
2WURFRPHQWDULVWDLQHVSHUDGRGHHVWHIHQyPHQRGHFRQWDFWR\GHFUXFHPXOWL
FXOWXUDOGHODVWUDGLFLRQHVOtULFRPXVLFDOHVTXH(VSDxDLUUDGLDED\UHFLEtDGHWDQWRV
OXJDUHVHVHOJUDQHVFULWRUXUXJXD\R(GXDUGR*DOHDQRTXHKDGHMDGRVHPEUDGDV
GHQWURGHVXVREUDVGHÀFFLyQSDODEUDVWDQVLJQLÀFDWLYDVFRPRpVWDV
\DSHUFLELU£2KTXpJHQWLO(OXQRGXHUPH\HORWURMXHJD£$VtYDODJXHUUDª')HUQiQGH]+LVWRULD
GHO3HU~&UyQLFDV GHO 3HU~ ,, 0DGULG >%$( @ SiJ 3RU RWUR ODGR HQ OD5HEHOLyQGH
3L]DUURHQHO3HU~\YLGDGHGRQ3HGUR*DVFDGH-&&DOYHWHGH(VWUHOOD>&UyQLFDVGHO3HU~,9SiJ
@VHGLFHTXH©HQWRQFHVFDQWDED)UDQFLVFRGH&DUYDMDO3XHVWUDLGRUPHIXLVWHDPRUWRGRVWHVHDQ
WUDLGRUª(QODFRQTXLVWDDPHULFDQDHODYHQWXUHUR)UDQFLVRGH&DUYDMDOIXHVDWLUL]DGRFRQODFDQFLyQ
©/DERWLMD\HOERWLMyQGRVERUUDFKRVVRQ)UDQFLVFRHVHOFXHUR&DUDYDMDOHOUHFXHURª*XWLpUUH]GH
6DQWD&ODUD4XLQTXHQDULRV&UyQLFDVGHO3HU~,,,SiJTXHSXHGHSDURGLDU>ODFDQFLyQGHO&RUSXV
GH0DUJLW)UHQN@$©/D]DJD>OD@\HOJDUoyQSDUDHQXQRVRQª>/DFDQFLyQGHOPLVPR&RUSXV@
©9HQWHDPtWRULOORKRVTXLOORªWLHQHXQDYDULDQWH©6DOJDHOWRULOORKRVTXLOORªHQHODUFKLYRGHOD
FDWHGUDOGH6XFUH%ROLYLD&*DUFtD0XxR]\:$5ROGiQ8QDUFKLYRPXVLFDODPHULFDQR%XHQRV
$LUHVQž<HQHODUFKLYRGHODFDWHGUDOGH%RJRWiVHSXHGHHQFRQWUDUXQDDSUHFLDEOHFDQWLGDGGH
FDQFLRQHVYLHMDV\SRSXODUHVVHJ~QVHGHVSUHQGHGHODHGGH-,3HUGRPR(VFREDU(O$UFKLYR0XVLFDO
GHOD&DWHGUDOGH%RJRWi>3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO,QVWLWXWR&DUR\&XHUYR;;;9,,@%RJRWi9HDPRV
XQRVSRFRVHMHPSORV>&RUSXV@©3D[DULWRTXHYDVDODIXHQWHª©&DQWDULFRTXHEDLVDODIXHQWH
QRWHPHTXLHEUHVª3HUGRPRSiJFRQVLGpUHVHODSRVLEOHUHODFLyQGHHVWDFDQFLyQFRQHOUHIUiQ
YLHMR©FDQWDULOORTXHPXFKDVYHVHVYDDODIXHQWHRGH[DHODVDRODIUXHQWHª>&RUSXV@©7HTXH
WHTXHWHTXHª©$\TXHWHD\TXHWHTXHUHWHWHTXHYD\DSOLPDGH]XODPEHTXHª3HUGRPRSiJ
\©4XHPHPDQGDEXHQ]DQ]HYD\DSOLPDYD\DGH]XODPEHTXHTXHSOLPRGH]XODPEHTXHGH
]XGH ]XODPEHTXH D\ TXH WH D\ TXHWHTXHUHWH WHTXH YD\D SOLPD GH ]XODPEHTXHª 3HUGRPR
SiJV\>&RUSXV@©&DQDULDERQDª©&DQDULRERQDGHUXIDLIDVLORQ'LRVRPH
GDODXL'DXL'DODXL'DPHGDODXLGDPH'Dª3HUGRPRSiJ
-RKQRI*DXQWGXTXHGH/DQFDVWHU(QYLQRD(VSDxDFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHUHFODPDU
ODFRURQDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQEDViQGRVHHQVXPDWULPRQLRFRQ&RQVWDQ]DGH&DVWLOODDFDHFLGRHQ
*HUDOG%UHQDQ/DFRSODSRSXODUHVSDxRODHG$-/ySH]/ySH]0iODJD0LUDPDU
SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
3RUVLOHUHVXOWDGHXWLOLGDGOHWUDQVFULERODRSLQLyQGHODVVHxRUDV
GHFHQWHVODFXDOIXHVLQWHWL]DGDSRUXQYLDMHURGHODpSRFD$TXtHO
UHODMLWRHPSH]yFRQHOEDLOHDJDUUDGRFXDQGRYLQROD,QGHSHQGHQFLD
(QWLHPSRVGHORVHVSDxROHVVHEDLODEDVXHOWR\VLQWRFDUVHHOPLQXp
GH)UDQFLDODMRWDGH$UDJyQ
(ODFHUFDPLHQWRTXHDKRUDSURSRQJRQRSDVDUiGHVHUXQVLPSOHHVSLJXHRHQ
TXHPHOLPLWDUpDOODPDUODDWHQFLyQVREUHDOJXQRVGRFXPHQWRVTXHKDVWDDKRUD
KDEtDQHVWDGRPX\GHVDWHQGLGRVSRUVXGLVSHUVLyQSRUVXHVFDVDDFFHVLELOLGDGR
VHQFLOODPHQWH SRUTXH QR KDEtDQ DWUDtGR KDVWD DKRUD GHPDVLDGD DWHQFLyQ GH ORV
HVWXGLRVRV0LSURSyVLWRHVHOGHTXHSXHGDQDPSOLDUODLQIRUPDFLyQGLVSRQLEOH\
GHTXHUHIXHUFHQODLPDJHQGHODSHQtQVXOD,EpULFDFRPRHOPiVLPSRUWDQWHFDXFH
GHFRQRFLPLHQWR\GHLQWHUFDPELRGHJHQWHV\VREUHWRGRGHFXOWXUDVSRSXODUHV
TXHKXERHQHOPXQGRGHORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,
9DPRV D HPSH]DU FRQRFLHQGR GRV FDQFLRQHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV EDUURFDV DPEDV
LQpGLWDV TXH KDQ VLGR H[KXPDGDV GH XQ DQyQLPR %D\OH GH OD WHOD DQRWDGR HQ
HO 0DQXVFULWR GH OD %LEOLRWHFD 1DFLRQDO GH 0DGULG FRQ OD DGYHUWHQFLD
SUHOLPLQDUODQ]DGDSRUHOSHUVRQDMHTXHYDDHQWRQDUODGHTXH©ORTXH&DQWDQHQ
,QGLDV&DQWDUOHTXLHURªLQGLFLRFODURGHTXHDOPHQRVVXP~VLFDGHEtDGHWHQHU
LQÁXHQFLDVRVXVWUDWRDPHULFDQRSXHVWRTXHHQVXVOHWUDVQRVHDSUHFLDQLQGLFLRV
QLYtQFXORVWySLFRVFRQDTXHOODWUDGLFLyQ
3DJDPHHODPRU&RQVWDQWH
FRQTXHVLHPSUHWHKHTXHULGR
6LQRHVTXH\DPHGHVSUHFLDV
YLHQGRWHIDXRUH]LGR
\OHODOHOD
TXHVHYDDOD9HOD
TXHVHYDHOYDMHO
%D\D'LRV&RQHO
<D\UD'LRV&RQHO
(UDVVHYQ(VSHMRFODUR
TXDQGR\RWHFRQRFt
0DV&RPRWDQWRVWHTXLHUHQ
\DQRPHDFXHUGRGHWL
\OHODOHOD
(GXDUGR*DOHDQRFRQJUDEDGRVGH-%RUJHV/DVSDODEUDVDQGDQWHV0DGULG6LJOR;;,UHHG
SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
TXHVHED DODEHOD
TXHVHYDHOEDMHO
%D\D'LRVFRQHO
<D\UD'LRVFRQHO
5HVXOWDLQWHUHVDQWHFRPSUREDUTXHHQHOOODPDGR%DLOHGHOD*D\XPEDDOJXQD
GHFX\DVFDQFLRQHVIXHH[WUDFWDGDSRU(PLOLR&RWDUHORKD\LQVHUWDXQDFDQFLyQ
SDUHFLGDDODSULPHUDGHODVTXHDFDERGHHGLWDU/DLQGLFDFLyQHVFpQLFDGLFH
HQHVWHFDVRTXH©EDLODQHOJUDFLRVR\ODJUDFLRVD\OXHJRpOFRQWRGRVª\D
FRQWLQXDFLyQVHGDQPiVLQGLFDFLRQHVVREUHHOPRGRHQTXHGHEHGHVDUUROODUVH
ODFRUHRJUDItD(VWDRWUDYHUVLyQGLFH
0XMHU
/RTXHFDQWDQHQ,QGLDV
FDQWDUOHTXLHUR
*UDFLRVR
*UDFLRVD
3iJDPHHODPRUFRQVWDQWH
FRQTXHVLHPSUHWHKHTXHULGR
£DQGDUDQGDUDQGDU
VLQRHVTXH\DPHGHVSUHFLDV
YLpQGRWHIDYRUHFLGR
£$QGDUDQGDUDQGDU
\OHODOHOH
TXHVHYDODYHOD
TXHVHYDHOEDMHO
*UDFLRVR
9D\D'LRVFRQHOOD
*UDFLRVD
*UDFLRVD
9D\D'LRVFRQpO
'tVHPHPLPRUHQR
£*D\XPED
&DQWHQFRPRQRSLGH
YXVWHGGLQHUR
%D\OHGHODWHODHQHO0DQXVFULWRGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULGIIUUIY
/DSULPHUDFDQFLyQIXHUHSURGXFLGDHQ(PLOLR&RWDUHOR\0RUL&ROHFFLyQGHHQWUHPHVHVORDVEDLOHV
MiFDUDV\PRMLJDQJDVYROV0DGULG%DLOO\%DLOOLqUH>1%$(;9,,\;9,,,@,,SiJ&&;,
$EXQGDQWHV QRWLFLDV VREUH ORV EDLOHV GH$PpULFD VH HQFRQWUDUiQ HQ HO FDStWXOR ,,, GH OD ,QWURGXFFLyQ
*HQHUDOGHHVWDREUDSiJVFO[LYFFO[[LLL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
TXHPLKDGHYHQGHU
£FXiQWRVFRPSUDGRUHV
£*D\XPED
WHQJRGHWHQHU
(QHOPLVPR0DQXVFULWRGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULGSHUR
HQHOOODPDGR%D\OHGHO$OGHJXHODHQFRQWUDPRVRWUDFDQFLyQGHODTXHVHGLFH
©)LOHQRKDFRPSXHVWRYQEDLOHDO0RGLOORGHODV<QGLDVª/DLQWHUSRODFLyQ
GHODFDQFLyQ
4XHWLFRUURWLFR$QGDOOR
TXHWLFRUURWLFR$QGDU
MXVWLÀFDUiTXHHOFRORIyQGHODSLH]DDGYLHUWD©&RQTXHWHQGUDÀQHO%D\OH9HQLGR
GH$OOHQGHHO0DUª7RGRORFXDOVXJLHUHTXHGHEtDKDEHUXQRV©PRGLOORVªR
HVWLORVLQGLDQRVVREUHWRGRPXVLFDOHV³D~QPiVTXHSRpWLFRV³TXHGHEtDQVHU
SHUIHFWDPHQWHIDPLOLDUHV\UHFRQRFLEOHVSDUDWRGRHOPXQGR³\SRUVXSXHVWR
SDUDHOS~EOLFRTXHIUHFXHQWDEDORVFRUUDOHVWHDWUDOHV³HQORV6LJORVGH2UR
/RVFRQWDFWRVHQWUHODWUDGLFLyQSHQLQVXODU\ODDPHULFDQDSXHGHQREOLJDUQRV
DVHJXLUYtDV\YHULFXHWRVH[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHYDULDGRV\VXJHUHQWHV9HDPRV
SRUHMHPSORORTXHODPXVLFyORJD*HQRYHYD*iOYH]KDGLFKRDFHUFDGHODGDQ]D
³\ODFDQFLyQ³GHOFDQDULRWDQFRQRFLGDHQORV6LJORVGH2UR\DFHUFDGHVX
GREOHLUUDGLDFLyQKDFLD$PpULFD\KDFLD(XURSD
6HWLHQHQWHVWLPRQLRVGHFDQDULRVGHVGHPHGLDGRVGHOV;9,FXDQ
GRDUDt]GHODFRQTXLVWDGHODUFKLSLpODJRDOJXQRVDERUtJHQHVWUDtGRV
DOD3HQtQVXODFRPRHVFODYRVKDFtDQGHPRVWUDFLRQHVGHGHVWUH]DHQHO
EDLOHSRUODVFDOOHVGH6HYLOOD)$%DUELHULUHFRJHHQVXOHJDGRTXH
HO OLFHQFLDGR -XDQ 0pQGH] 1LHWR QDFLGR HQ PpGLFR WDxHGRU
GH DUSD \ DPLJR GHO SROLIRQLVWD *XHUUHUR UHODWD HQ VXV 'LVFXUVRV
PHGLFLQDOHVTXHFXDQGRUHVLGtDHQ6HYLOODDOREMHWRGHJHVWLRQDUVX
WUDVODGRD ODV,QLGDV HQ WXYR DFFHVRD XQ PHUFDGHUGH ODLVOD
GH3DOPDHOFXDOOHKL]RPHQFLyQGHODVGDQ]DVRULJLQDULDVGHOSDtV
\FRPRGHPRVWUDFLyQGHVSXpVGHKDEHUEDLODGRHQJUXSRDOJXQDGH
HOODVXQDGHODVKLMDVGHOPHUFDGHUEDLOyVRODHOFDQDULR(VGHVHxDODU
TXH 0pQGH] 1LHWR DFDEy VXV 'LVFXUVRV HQ &DUWDJHQD GH ,QGLDV HQ
&RWDUHOR\0RUL&ROHFFLyQ,,SiJFF[L
%D\OHGHO$OGHJXHODHQHO0DQXVFULWRGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULGIIUU
IU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
\ SUREDEOHPHQWH IXH D WUDYpV GH pO FRPR VH LQWURGXFLUtD HVWD
GDQ]DMXQWRFRQRWUDVHQORVQXHYRVSDtVHV
3XHGHQHQFRQWUDUVHWDPELpQFLWDVHQODOtULFDGH6KDNHVSHDUH(Q
HOSUyORJRDODHGLFLyQIDFVtPLOGH2UFKpVRJUDSKLHGH$UEHDX/DXUH
)RQWDHVFULEHTXHHOFDQDULRYLQRDVXVWLWXLUDPHGLDGRVGHOV;9,D
ODPRULVFD(Q,WDOLDHQ%DUEHWWDFRPSXVRXQDPRUHVFDGHWWR
OHFDQDULH\WDQWRHQREUDVGHOD~GFRPRGHFRQMXQWRDORODUJRGHO
VLJOR;9,,HOFDQDULRVSDJQRORHVWiSUHVHQWH
(Q)UDQFLDHQREUDVGHOD~GGH(QHPRQG*DXWLHURGH%RXYLHU
GHFODYHGH&KDPERQQLqUHV/RXLV\)UDQoRLV&RXSHULQ/HEqJXHX
RUTXHVWDOHVGH/XOO\&DPSUD'HVWRXFKHV5DPHDXR/DODQGHHQ,Q
JODWHUUDHQREUDVGH3XUFHOO\HQ$OHPDQLDDXWRUHVFRPR*0XIIDW
7HOHPDQQ-&))LVFKHUR-6%DFKHQWUHPXFKRVRWURVLQFOX\HQ
FDQDULRVHQVXVVXLWHVSDUDFODYHXRUTXHVWDOHV
3RGUtDPRVGHPRUDUQRVHQDGXFLUHVWXGLRV\HQFRPHQWDUGRFXPHQWRVVREUH
DOJXQDVGHODVFDQFLRQHV\GDQ]DVPiVFRQRFLGDV\FXOWLYDGDVHQORV6LJORVGH
2UR³ODFKDFRQDOD]DUDEDQGDHWF³TXHWXYLHURQRDODVTXHVHDWULEX\HURQ
RUtJHQHVRLQÁXHQFLDVDPHULFDQDV3HURHVWHWLSRGHFDQWRV\GHP~VLFDVKDVLGR
\DREMHWRGHSURIXQGDDWHQFLyQSRUSDUWHGHPXFKRVGHORVFUtWLFRV\GHODVREUDV
TXHKHPRVUHIHUHQFLDGRHQODVSiJLQDVDQWHULRUHV1RVFRQWHQWDUHPRVHQHVWD
RFDVLyQFRQPHQFLRQDUTXHHOGLIXQGLGtVLPRIDQGDQJRFX\RVVRQHVVLJXHQYLYRV
HQWRGD(VSDxD\HQWRGD+LVSDQRDPpULFD\TXHVHKDOODGRFXPHQWDGRDSDUWLU
GHOVLJOR;9,,,DXQTXHSRVLEOHPHQWHVHDDQWHULRUKXQGHVHJ~QODPD\RUtDGH
ORVFUtWLFRVVXVUDtFHVHQ$PpULFD5HVXOWDFXULRVRTXHHQDOJXQDVWUDGLFLRQHV
FRPRHQODEUDVLOHLUDVHOHDWULEX\DQWDPELpQLQÁXHQFLDVLQGtJHQDV
*HQRYHYD*iOYH]©&DQDULRªHQ'LFFLRQDULRGHODP~VLFDHVSDxRODHKLVSDQRDPHULFDQDHG
( &DVDUHV 5RGLFLR 0DGULG 6RFLHGDG *HQHUDO GH$XWRUHV GH (VSDxD VY FDQDULR 6REUH HVWD
YLHMDGDQ]DFDQWDGD\VREUHVXLUUDGLDFLyQPXOWLFXOWXUDOYpDVHDGHPiVHOHVWXGLRGH0D[LPLDQR7UDSHUR
©/HQJXD\FXOWXUDVREUHODVGHÀQLFLRQHVGHFDQDULR¶%DLOHDQWLJXRRULJLQDULRGHODVLVODV&DQDULDV·ª
5HYLVWDGH'LDOHFWRORJtD\7UDGLFLRQHV3RSXODUHVSiJV
9pDVH0DUtD(OHQD6iQFKH]2UWHJD©(O)DQGDQJRGH$\JXDOVGH,]FRXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQDOD
[HQRIRELDHVSDxRODª&XDGHUQRV+LVSDQRDPHULFDQRVSiJV5LFDUGR3pUH]0RQ
IRUW©)DQGDQJRÀHVWD\PLWRª8QLYHUVLGDGGH0p[LFRSiJVÉOYDUR2FKRD6HUUDQR
0LWRWHIDQGDQJR\PDULDFKHURV=DPRUD(O&ROHJLRGH0LFKRDFiQ-XGLWK(W]LRQ©7KH6SDQLVK
)DQGDQJRIURP(LJKWHHQWK&HQWXU\ODVFLYLRXVQHVVWRQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\H[RWLFLVPª$QXDULR0XVLFDO
SiJV0DQXHO/RUHQWH5LYDV©(WQRJUDItDSROLIyQLFDGHOIDQGDQJRHQODSURYLQFLDGH
*UDQDGDª0~VLFD2UDOGHO6XUSiJV0DQXHO*DUULGR3DODFLRV©(OIDQGDQJR$ORVQR
3DFR7RURQMRª5HYLVWDGH)RONORUHSiJV9pDQVHDGHPiVWRGRVORVDUWtFXORVFRQ
WHQLGRVHQ([SUHVLRQHVGHODFXOWXUDGHOSXHEORHO)DQGDQJR9&RQJUHVRGH)ROFORUH$QGDOX]
*UDQDGD &HQWUR GH 'RFXPHQWDFLyQ 0XVLFDO GH$QGDOXFtD HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ SiJV HO GH
0DUtD7HUHVD/LQDUHV6DOYLR©5HODFLRQHVHQWUHHOIDQGDQJR\ODP~VLFDFDPSHVLQDFXEDQDª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
1RVXOGRSDLVGDQoDGHSDUHVRXFRQMXQWRGHVWDVGDQoDVGHRULJHP
HVSDQKRODFRPRHOHPHQWRVGDFXOWXUDJXDUDQteFRQKHFLGDHQWUHRV
VHUWDQHMRVSDXOLVWDVHJDXFKRV
1RQRUGHVWHpGDQoDGUDPiWLFDQDWDOLQDTXHFRUUHVSRQGHjPDUX
MDGDEDUFDQDXFDWDULQHWDGHRXWUDVUHJL}HV2IDQGDQJRpIRUPDGR
GHXPDVpULHGHFDQWRVVREUHQDYHJDo}HVDOJXPDVSRUWXJXHVDVTXH
VHPHQUHGRORJLFRIDODPGDYLGDGRVPDUXMRV
1R PHQRV FXULRVR UHVXOWD TXH QDGD PHQRV TXH HQ (VSHUDQGR D *RGRW
6DPXHO%HFNHWWPHQFLRQHHOIDQGDQJRHQPHGLRGHRWUREDWLEXUULOORPXOWLFXO
WXUDOGHGDQ]DV
(QRWURWLHPSREDLODEDODIDUiQGRODODDOPHDHOEDPEROHRODJLJD
HOIDQGDQJRHLQFOXVRHOKRUQSLSH6DOWDED
5HFXpUGHVHWDPELpQTXHHQHOVXUGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVVLJXHQYLYDVODV
GDQ]DVGHORVPDWDFKLQHVTXHWDQWDSRSXODULGDGDOFDQ]DURQHQODSHQtQVXOD
GXUDQWHHO%DUURFR\TXHHQGLYHUVDVWUDGLFLRQHVFHQWURDPHULFDQDVVLJXHQOOD
PiQGRVH HQVDODGDV R HQVDODGLOODV D GHWHUPLQDGDV IRUPDV OtULFRPXVLFDOHV
WUDGLFLRQDOHVFX\DIRUPDVHKDOODSUy[LPDDODVYLHMDVHQVDODGDVTXHHQ(VSDxD
FXOWLYDURQFRQPDHVWUtDORVGRV0DWHR)OHFKD7DPELpQHQ&HQWURDPpULFD³VR
EUHWRGRHQ*XDWHPDOD³VLJXHQYLYDVODVOODPDGDVGDQ]DVGHODFRQTXLVWD
¢4XpGHFLUSRURWURODGRGHORVP~OWLSOHVYLDMHVWUDQVDWOiQWLFRVORVFUXFHV\
)UDQFLVFR YDQ GHU 3RHO \ /pOLD &RHOKR )URWD $EHFHGiULR GD 5HOLJLRVLGDGH 3RSXODU 9LGD H
UHOLJLmRGRVSREUHVQR%UDVLOVYIDQGDQJR6REUHODWUDGLFLRQDOLGDGGHOIDQGDQJRHQ%UDVLO\VREUH
RWUDV WHRUtDV DFHUFD GH VXV RUtJHQHV H KLEULGLVPR YpDVH /XLV GD &DPDUD &DVFXGR /LWHUDWXUD RUDO QR
%UDVLOHG5tR/LYUDULD-RVp2O\PSLR(GLWRUD0(&SiJV
6DPXHO%HFNHWW(VSHUDQGRD*RGRWWUDG$00RL[%DUFHORQD7XVTXHWVUHHGSiJ
$XUHOLR0(VSLQRVD7KH)RONORUHRI6SDLQLQWKH$PHULFDQ6RXWKZHVW7UDGLWLRQDO6SDQLVK
)RON/LWHUDWXUHLQ1RUWKHUQ1HZ0H[LFRDQG6RXWKHUQ&RORUDGRHG-0(VSLQRVD1RUPDQ/RQGRQ
8QLYHUVLW\RI2NODKRPDSiJV
$GROIR+HUUHUD9HJD([SUHVLyQOLWHUDULDGHQXHVWUDYLHMDUD]D6DQ6DOYDGRU0LQLVWHULRGH
(GXFDFLyQSiJV
3RHVtDSRSXODUDQGLQD9HQH]XHOD&RORPELD3DQDPi4XLWR,QVWLWXWR$QGLQRGH$UWHV3R
SXODUHVSiJV
'HPHWULR(%ULVVHW©/RVEDLOHVGHOD&RQTXLVWDHQ*XDWHPDODª&RQTXLVWD\UHVLVWHQFLDHQOD
KLVWRULDGH$PpULFD&RQTXHVWDLUHVLVWHQFLDHQODKLVWRULDG·$PHULFD(QFXHQWURV'HEDWH$PpULFD/DWLQD
$\HU\+R\,,,HGV3*DUFtD-RUGiQ\0,]DUG%DUFHORQD8QLYHUVLWDWSiJV
%HUWD$UHV 4XHLMD ©5HSUHVHQWDFLRQHV GUDPiWLFDV GH OD FRQTXLVWD HO SDVDGR DO VHUYLFLR GHO SUHVHQWHª
5HYLVWDGH,QGLDVSiJV'HPHWULR(%ULVVHW©6XSHUYLYHQFLDVDFWXDOHVGHOEDLOHGH
ODFRQTXLVWDHQ*XDWHPDODª5HYLVWDGH,QGLDVSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
OD SURPLVFXLGDG FXOWXUDO TXH VH KDQ DFXPXODGR VREUH JpQHURV WDQ FpOHEUHV \
WDQGLIXQGLGRVDORODUJRGHORVVLJORV\HQODVGRVRULOODVGHO$WOiQWLFRFRPR
ODKDEDQHUDHOEROHURHOWDQJRRORVGLYHUVRVSDORVTXHHQHOÁDPHQFRVHGH
QRPLQDQ©GHLGD\YXHOWDª\GHORVTXHDTXtQRSXHGHTXHGDUDKRUDPiVTXH
UDSLGtVLPDFRQVWDQFLD"
$QWHV TXH DWHQGHU D HVWH WLSR GH UHSHUWRULRV FX\D FURQRORJtD GRFXPHQWDO
HVSRVWHULRU³GHOVLJOR;9,,,\GHVSXpV³DODpSRFDEDUURFDFUHRSUHIHULEOH
VHOHFFLRQDUXQWLSRGHFRPSRVLFLRQHVSRpWLFRPXVLFDOHVTXHDXQTXHKDQVLGR
REMHWR \D GH UHODWLYD DWHQFLyQ FUtWLFD SXHGHQ D~Q UHYHODU GDWRV DEXQGDQWHV
H LQWHUHVDQWtVLPRV VREUH OD SRpWLFD OD KLVWRULD \ OD VRFLRORJtD GH ORV FUXFHV
PXOWLFXOWXUDOHV TXH DIHFWDURQ D QXHVWUR FDQFLRQHUR WUDGLFLRQDO GH ORV 6LJORV
GH2UR
6HWUDWDHQHIHFWRGHORVFDQWRVTXHVHJ~QWRGRVORVLQGLFLRVWXYLHURQVXV
RUtJHQHVHQÉIULFD\TXHGHVGHDOOtGLHURQHOVDOWRD(VSDxD\D$PpULFDORTXH
ORVFRQYLHUWHHQUHFHSWiFXORVSULYLOHJLDGRVGHWUDGLFLRQHVHLQÁXHQFLDVFXOWXUDOHV
D~Q PiV YDULDGDV KtEULGDV \ YLDMHUDV TXH FXDOTXLHUD GH ODV TXH KDVWD DKRUD
³FRQXQDGLPHQVLyQHVHQFLDOPHQWHFHQWUDGDHQ(XURSD\$PpULFD³KHPRV
FRPHQWDGR6XVGHSRVLWDULRV\WUDQVPLVRUHVIXHURQORVHVFODYRVDUUDQFDGRVGH
ODVFRVWDVGHÉIULFD\IRU]DGRVDLQVWDODUVH\DWUDEDMDUHQODVQXHYDVWLHUUDV
DODVTXHIXHURQFRQGXFLGRV$HOORVDOFKRTXHGHVXVFXOWXUDVFRQODVGHVXV
DPRVDVXVPH]FODV\HQWUHFUX]DPLHQWRVFRQODVGHRWURVJUXSRVQHJURVFRQ
ODVGHORVFULROORV\ORVLQGtJHQDVVHGHEHQPXFKDVGHODVFDQFLRQHVP~VLFDV
\ EDLOHV TXH GXUDQWH VLJORV IXHURQ PiV SRSXODUHV HQ OD SHQtQVXOD ,EpULFD HQ
WRGD$PpULFD\WDPELpQHQEXHQDSDUWHGH(XURSD$GHPiVGHLQQXPHUDEOHV
FUHHQFLDV\ULWRVUHOLJLRVRVYRFHV\JLURVOLQJtVWLFRVHWFTXHORVQHJURVHV
FODYRV\VXVGHVFHQGLHQWHVPDQWXYLHURQYLYRV³DXQTXHHQFRQWLQXRSURFHVR
GHGHVJDVWHGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ\GHKLEULGLVPR³GXUDQWHVLJORV\KDVWDKR\
PLVPR
4XL]iODPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYD\PiVFRQRFLGDHQORV6LJORVGH2URGHWRGDV
HVWDV GDQ]DV FDQWDGDV R GH HVWDV FDQFLRQHV GDQ]DGDV IXHUD HO JXLQHR WUDtGR
FRPRVXSURSLRQRPEUHLQGLFDGHOÉIULFDTXHHQWRQFHVHUDOODPDGD*XLQHDSRU
ORVLQYDVRUHVHVSDxROHV\FX\DVYDULHGDGHVSHQLQVXODUHVLGHQWLÀFy6HEDVWLiQGH
&RYDUUXELDVFRQ©XQDFLHUWDGDQoDGHPRYLPLHQWRVSUHVWRV\DSUHVXUDGRVSXGR
VHUIXHVVHWUD\GDGH*XLQHD\TXHODGDQoDVVHQSULPHURORVQHJURVªTXHHFKy
UDtFHVPX\SHUGXUDEOHV³KDVWDKR\³HQWLHUUDVDPHULFDQDV/RGRFXPHQWDPX\
ELHQ&UDLJ+5XVVHOOFXDQGRGLFHTXHHOJXLQHR
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV7HVRURGHODOHQJXDFDVWHOODQDRHVSDxRODHG0GH5LTXHU%DU
FHORQD+RUWDVYJXLQHR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
HUDPX\SRSXODUHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQWUHODVFRIUDGtDVGHORVQHJURVHQ
0p[LFR'XUDQWHORVGtDVIHVWLYRVFRPR&RUSXV&KULVWLHVWDVFRIUD
GtDV FHOHEUDEDQ ÀHVWDV FRQ FRQFXUVRV GH EDLOH HQWUH ORV HVSDxROHV
PXODWRVQHJURVHLQGLRVHQORVTXHVHSUHPLDEDDORVPHMRUHVEDLOD
ULQHV (UDQ JUDQGHV DFRQWHFLPLHQWRV DO WLHPSR TXH PX\ UXLGRVRV \
SHQGHQFLHURV$OJXQDTXHRWUDYH]VHOHYDQWyWDQWRDOERURWRTXHODV
DXWRULHGDGHVWXYLHURQTXHFHQVXUDUORV\SURKLELUORV(QHOYLUUH\
/XLV GH9HODVFR UHVWULQJLy ORV EDLOHV D ORV GRPLQJRV \ GtDV IHVWLYRV
\SURPXOJyXQGHFUHWROLPLWiQGRORVDODVKRUDVHQWUHODVGRFH\ODV
VHLVGHODWDUGH2WURGHFUHWRHQ0p[LFRGHLQWHQWyUHIRUPDUODV
IHVWLYLGDGHVGHHVWDVFRIUDGtDVTXHGHJHQHUDURQHQMDOHRVPRWLQHV\
GHUUDPDPLHQWRGHVDQJUH
'XUDQWHORVVV;9,,\;9,,,VHLQFRUSRUyHOJXLQHRDYDULDVREUDV
GUDPiWLFDV(QODDQyQLPD0RMLJDQJDGHODJLWDQDGDFDGRV
SHUVRQDMHVQHJURVEDLODQ\FDQWDQ©£*XUUXPpJXUUXPpJXUUXPp
TXHIDVHQXEUDGR\TXLHOH\RYpª(VLQWHUHVDQWHTXHHVWDPRMLJDQJD
IXHUDFRPSXHVWDSDUDÀQDOHVGH&RUSXV&KULVWLODWHPSRUDGDGHORV
JXLQHRV\IHVWLYDOHVGHODVFRIUDGtDVQHJUDVHQ0p[LFR)UDQFLVFRGH
$YHOODQHGDPHWHHOPLVPRHVWULELOOREDLODGR\FDQWDGRRWUDYH]SRU
GRVQHJURVHQ(OEDLOHGHORVQHJURV2WURVDXWRUHVTXHPHQFLRQDQ
R PRQWDQ XQ JXLQHR HQ VXV GUDPDV VRQ -RVp GH &DxL]DUHV HQ VX
0RMLJDQJD GH ORV VRQHV )UDQFLVFR GH &DVWUR HQ VX EDLOH -XHJR GH
PDJLVWHU-XDQ%DXWLVWD'LDPDQWHHQVXHQWUHPpV(OÀJRQHUR
$JXVWtQ 0RUHWR HQ VX HQWUHPpV $\R " XQD ORD DQyQLPD GHO
V;9,,,\RWUREDLOHDQyQLPRWLWXODGR,QWURGXFFLyQSDUDGDQFHUtD
GHLQGLRV
(OJXLQHRWDPELpQIXHSDUWHGHODODUJDWUDGLFLyQGHORVQHJURV
R QHJULOORV TXH VXUJLy HQ ODV LJOHVLDV \ FDWHGUDOHV KLVSDQRDPHUL
FDQDV 5REHUW 6WHYHQVRQ KD HQFRQWUDGR \ FDWDODJRGR PXFKDV GH
HVWDVREUDVHQ&X]FR*XDWHPDOD/LPD/D3D]0p[LFR0RUHOLD
3XHEOD 2D[DFD \ YDULDV ELEOLRWHFDV \ FDWHGUDOHV GH 3RUWXJDO (V
SDxD \ (VWDGRV 8QLGRV 'RV FRPSRVLWRUHV GH VXPD LPSRUWDQFLD
TXH KLFLHURQ REUDV HQ HVWH JpQHUR VRQ -XDQ *XWLpUUH] GH 3DGLOOD
\ *DVSDU )HUQDQGHV DPERV HQ 3XHEOD HQ HO V ;9,,$GHPiV OD
IDPRVDSRHWLVD\ÀOyVRIDPH[LFDQD6RU-XDQD,QpVGHOD&UX]FRP
SXVRQXHYHQHJULOORV
7RGDYtD VH EDLOD HO JXLQHR HQ HO &DULEH /LVD /HNLV H[SRQH ORV
GHWDOOHVGHHVWHHVSHFWiFXOR©0LHQWUDVWRFDODEDQGD\FRPLHQ]DOD
SURFHVLyQHOGLULJHQWHHPSLH]DD]DSDWHDU\JROSHDUHOVXHORSDWHDQ
GRIXULRVDPHQWHSLDIDQGR\KDFLHQGRWRGRVORVDGHPDQHVWtSLFRVGH
XQWRQRIXULRVR'XUDQWHHOEDLOHpOVLJXHFDQWDQGRODVFRSODVGHOD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
FDQFLyQTXHORVGHPiVUHSLWHQDFRPSDxDGRSRUHOFRUQRTXHDVHPHMD
HOPXJLGRGHXQDYDFDª
¢&yPRQRUHFRUGDUDQWHHVWHFXDGURGHODVMXHUJDV\GHVyUGHQHVTXHSUR
YRFDEDQHVWHWLSRGHEDLOHVODVLQROYLGDEOHVGHVFULSFLRQHVTXHVLJORVGHVSXpV
KDUtD*DEULHO*DUFtD0iUTXH]HQ(ODPRUHQORVWLHPSRVGHOFyOHUD"
/RVViEDGRVODSREUHUtDPXODWDDEDQGRQDEDHQWXPXOWRORVUDQFKRV
GHFDUWRQHV\ODWyQGHODVRULOODVGHODVFLpQDJDVFRQVXVDQLPDOHVGR
PpVWLFRV\VXVWUDVWRVGHFRPHU\EHEHU\VHWRPDEDQHQXQDVDOWRGH
M~ELORODVSOD\DVSHGUHJRVDVGHOVHFWRUFRORQLDO$OJXQRVHQWUHORVPiV
YLHMRVOOHYDEDQKDVWDKDFtDSRFRVDxRVODPDUFDUHDOGHORVHVFODYRV
LPSUHVDFRQKLHUURVFDQGHQWHVHQHOSHFKR'XUDQWHHOÀQGHVHPDQD
EDLODEDQVLQFOHPHQFLDVHHPERUUDFKDEDQDPXHUWHFRQDOFRKROHVGH
DODPELTXHVFDVHURVKDFtDQDPRUHVOLEUHVHQWUHORVPDWRUUDOHVGHLFDFR
\DODPHGLDQRFKHGHOGRPLQJRGHVEDUDWDEDQVXVSURSLRVIDQGDQJRV
FRQWULIXOFDVVDQJULHQWDVGHWRGRVFRQWUDWRGRV
(O WLSR GH FDQFLyQ GH QHJURV FRP~QPHQWH GRFXPHQWDGD HQ ORV 6LJORV GH
2URVROtDWUDQVFULELUVH\PXFKDVPiVYHFHVLQYHQWDUVHHQXQDHVSHFLHGHHVWH
UHRWLSDGDMHUJDLPLWDGRUDGHODSHFXOLDUIRQpWLFDTXHSUDFWLFDUtDQVXVKDEODQWHV
)RQpWLFD TXH VLJORV GHVSXpV FRQWLQXDUtD TXHGDQGR UHÁHMDGD HQ FOiVLFRV FRPR
7LUDQR%DQGHUDVGH5DPyQGHO9DOOH,QFOiQ
1DYHJyODOXQDVREUHODREUDPXHUWDGHEDERUEHOODODPDUHOEDUFR
PDULQHUR /HYDQWDED OD SURD VXUWLGRUHV GH SODWD \ HQ OD VRPEUD GHO
IRTXHXQQHJURMXQWDEDUXHGDGHR\HQWHVGHFODPDEDYHUVRVFRQOtULFR
HQWXVLDVPRÁXHQWHGHFHFHOHV5HSDUWLGRVHQUDQFKRVORVKRPEUHVGH
ODSDUWLGDWLUDEDQGHOQDLSHDFHLWRVRVIDUROLOORVGLVFHUQtDQORVUXPERV
GHMXJXHWHVSRUHVFRWLOORQHV\VROODGRV<HQODVRPEUDGHOIRTXHDEUtD
VXOtULFRÁRULSRQGLRGHFHFHOHVHOQHJURFDWHGUiWLFR
1DYHJDYHOHORPtR
VLQWHPRO
&UDLJ+5XVVHOO©*XLQHRª'LFFLRQDULRGHODP~VLFDHVSDxRODHKLVSDQRDPHULFDQDHG(
&DVDUHV5RGLFLR0DGULG6RFLHGDG*HQHUDOGH$XWRUHVGH(VSDxDVY*XLQHR6REUHHOJXLQHR
YpDVHWDPELpQ&RQVRODFLyQ%DUDQGD©/DVKDEODVGHQHJURV2UtJHQHVGHXQSHUVRQDMHOLWHUDULRª5HYLVWD
GH)LORORJtD(VSDxRODSiJV
*DEULHO*DUFtD0iUTXH](ODPRUHQORVWLHPSRVGHOFyOHUD%DUFHORQD0RQGDGRULSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
TXHQLHQHPLJRQDYtR
QLWROPHQWDQLERQDQ]D
DWROFHOWXOXPERDOFDQ]D
QLDVXMHWDOWXYDORO
9ROYLHQGRDQXHVWURV6LJORVGH2URODVLJXLHQWHFDQFLyQPX\SRFRFRQRFL
GDWLHQHHOLQWHUpVGHTXHVHKDOODGRFXPHQWDGDHQHODUFKLYRGHODFDWHGUDOGH
%RJRWi&RORPELDORTXHDWHVWLJXDORVFRQWDFWRVHQWUHÉIULFD\$PpULFDTXH
IXHURQHQFDX]DGRVDWUDYpVGHODOHQJXDHVSDxRODHQDTXHOORVVLJORV
'H*XLQHDVDOLPR
]DPEDFDWH]DPEDFDWH
\DEXVFDLHYHQLPR
TXHODYLUDGH
D\D\D\
D\TXHYLODQRVD\
(Q (VSDxD OD GRFXPHQWDFLyQ GH HVWH WLSR GH FRPSRVLFLRQHV HV WDPELpQ
DEUXPDGRUD +D\ TXH LQVLVWLU HQ FXDOTXLHU FDVR HQ TXH OD JUDQ PD\RUtD GH
ORV GRFXPHQWRV GH OD pSRFD QR WUDQVFULEHQ QL GRFXPHQWDQ WUDGLFLRQHV RUDOHV
DXWpQWLFDV VLQR TXH VLPSOHPHQWH LQYHQWDQ IDQWDVHDQ \ ODV PiV GH ODV YHFHV
SDURGLDQORVUDVJRVIRQpWLFRVPRUIROyJLFRV\VLQWiFWLFRVTXHVHDWULEXtDQFRQ
YHQFLRQDOPHQWHDOKDEODGHORVQHJURV&RQR]FDPRVFyPRTXHGyUHÁHMDGDQR
VyORODMHUJDVLQRWDPELpQODHVFHQLÀFDFLyQGHOEDLOHHQHO³WDPELpQPX\SRFR
FRQRFLGR³HQWUHPpVGH(OFROHJLRGHORVJRUURQHV
0XMHU
¢4XpTXLHUHVYHUPiV"
0XMHU
%DLODU
XQDQHJUDFRQXQQHJUR
HO=DUDPEHTXH
0XMHU
<DVDOHQ
5DPyQGHO9DOOH,QFOiQ7LUDQR%DQGHUDV1RYHODGHWLHUUDFDOLHQWHHG$=DPRUD9LFHQWH
0DGULG(VSDVD&DOSHUHHGSiJ
-,3HUGRPR(VFREDU(O$UFKLYR0XVLFDOGHOD&DWHGUDOGH%RJRWi%RJRWi>3XEOLFDFLRQHV
GHO,QVWLWXWR&DUR\&XHUYR;;;9,,@SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
%DLODQGR\FDQWDQGRVDOHXQ1HJUR\XQD1HJUD
5DMDVVHYLHQHQKDFLHQGR
/RVGRV
8VLpXVLpXVLi
TXH&DUQHVWXOHQGDV
QRVKDFHQEDLOi
1HJURV
7XGXVORVQHJOXV6HxRUHV
WDPELpQGLFLPXV
VRPRVSOLPRV
FXORUHV
DPROWHV
VLQQLQJXQDYROXQWDG
/RVGRVEDLODQGR
8VLpXVLpXVLi
TXH&DUQHVWXOHQGDV
QRVKDFHQEDLOi
1HJURFDQWDQGR
8Q6DQWLDJRGHDQVDEDFKH
RMR\DGHFDODPEXFR
HVODQHJODTXH\RQEXFR
VLQTXHQLQJXQRODDQWDFKH
QRKD\PLHORTXHODHPSDFKH
ODFXOXUDGDTXHHQWi
$QWHVGHFRQWLQXDUFRQHVWHUiSLGRUHSDVRGHODWUDGLFLyQGHORV©FDQWRVGH
ORVQHJURVªHQORV6LJORVGH2URKD\TXHKDFHUFRQVWDUTXHODVKDEODV\FRV
WXPEUHVGHORVLQGtJHQDVIXHURQPXFKRPHQRVUHÁHMDGRV\TXHHQODVREUDVTXH
ORVUHWUDWDURQORVLQGLRVVDOLHURQD~QSHRUSDUDGRVHQHVWHWLSRGHGHVFULSFLRQHV
HVFULWDV FRQ RMRV VHQVLELOLGDGHV SUHMXLFLRV H LJQRUDQFLD HXURSHRV$Vt HQ HO
(QWUHPpVIDPRVR(OWDOHJRQLxRVHKDFHHVWDFDVLVRQURMDQWHSDURGLD
(QWUHPpVGH(OFROHJLRGHJRUURQHVHQ0LJDMDVGHOLQJHQLR&ROHFFLyQUDUtVLPDGHHQWUHPHVHV
EDLOHV\ORDVHG(&RWDUHOR\0RUL0DGULG5HYLVWDGH$UFKLYRVSiJVSiJV6REUH
FDQWRVGHQHJURVHQJHQHUDOYpDVH&RWDUHOR&ROHFFLyQGHHQWUHPHVHV,,SiJ&/;;,
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
6DOH 6DOSXOOLGD GH UHLQD LQGLD FRQ ORV 0~VLFRV \ ORV EDLODULQHV
YHVWLGRVGHLQGLRV\FDQWDQ
0~VLFRV
&XFKLQDFXFKLQLFXFKLKDFXFKLKL
WLWLULWHJDUURWHJDUURWL
TXHWLWLULWHFXFKLQDFXFKLQL
$EXQGDQ ORV HVWXGLRV KLVWyULFRV VRFLROyJLFRV \ SRpWLFRV GHGLFDGRV D HVWH
UHSHUWRULRGHFDQFLRQHVGHQHJURVTXHVHFRQYLUWLyHQXQRGHORVPiV³DXQTXH
QRGHORVPHMRU³GHVFULWRV\PiVLPLWDGRVSRUORVHVFULWRUHV\P~VLFRVHVSDxROHV
\FULROORVGHO5HQDFLPLHQWR\GHO%DUURFR8QDPX\SRFRFRQRFLGDWHVLVGRFWRUDO
OHtGDSRU)UDQFLVFR0&DEUHUD\5LYHUDHQOD)DFXOWDGGH)LORVRItD\/HWUDVGH
OD8QLYHUVLGDG&HQWUDOGH0DGULGHQDFHUFDGH(O1HJURHQODOLWHUDWXUD
HVSDxROD GH D\HU \D UDVWUHDED IXHQWHV \ GDWRV LQWHUHVDQWtVLPRV VREUH DTXHOOD
WUDGLFLyQFRPRpVWRVWRPDGRVGHODGHVFULSFLyQGHODVÀHVWDVTXHVHKLFLHURQHQ
7RUWRVDGXUDQWHHOYLDMHTXHKL]R)HOLSH,,D9DOHQFLD=DUDJR]D\%DUFHORQDHQ
³VHJ~QIXHURQGHVFULWRVHQXQD5HODFLyQTXHKL]R(QULTXH&RRN³&RPR
VXFHGHUtDVLJORVGHVSXpVHQHOFDVRGHOFLQHQRUWHDPHULFDQRGHFRPLHQ]RVGHO
VLJOR;;HQTXHPXFKRVSHUVRQDMHVQHJURVHUDQLQWHUSUHWDGRVHQUHDOLGDGSRU
EODQFRVGLVIUD]DGRVWDPELpQODVSRSXODUtVLPDV©GDQ]DVGHQHJURVªGHODpSRFD
GH)HOLSH,,VROtDQVHULQWHUSUHWDGDVSRUEODQFRVWL]QDGRVGHRVFXUR
9LHUQHVVLJXLHQWHDYHLQWHGH'LFLHPEUHWRGRVORVRÀFLRVPHFiQL
FRVVDFDURQGDQ]DVGHVSXpVGHFRPHUMXVWRDODVSXHUWDVGHOSDODFLR
SDUDTXHOHVYLHVHQODVGDPDV
2WUDFRIUDGtDVDFDEDXQRVQHJULOORVPX\ELHQKHFKRVHQXPEURV
GHRWURVORVFXDOHVRVDFDEDQODOHQJXDRVDFDEDQKLJDVSDUDPRYHU
DWRGRVORVTXHHVWDEDQSUHVHQWHVDULVD
(Q(XJHQLR$VHQVLRDGYLUWLyHQRWURSUHFXUVRUHVWXGLRVREUHORVFUX
FHV PXOWLFXOWXUDOHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV TXH VH HVWDEDQ SURGXFLHQGR HQ HVWH WLSR GH
UHSHUWRULR³HQHVWHFDVROXVRKLVSDQRDIULFDQRV³\DHQODVGpFDGDVFHQWUDOHV
GHOVLJOR;9,/RKDFtDDOKLORGHOFpOHEUHSOLHJRVXHOWRJyWLFRHGLWDGRSRU5R
(QWUHPpVIDPRVR(OWDOHJRQLxRHQ&RWDUHOR&ROHFFLyQGHHQWUHPHVHV,,,Q~PSiJV
SiJ
'HDTXHOODWHVLVLQpGLWDVDOGUtDQDUWtFXORVFRPRHOGH)UDQFLVFR0&DEUHUD\5LYHUD©%DLOHV
QHJURVHQ(VSDxDª$QDOHVGHO0XVHRGHO3XHEOR(VSDxRO,SiJVSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
GULJRGH5HLQRVDFX\RWtWXOR³QRPX\HVFUXSXORVDPHQWHLPSUHVR³DGYHUWtDOR
VLJXLHQWH&RPLHQoDQXQDVFRSODVDORVQHJURV\QHJUDV\GHFRPRVHPRWHMDQD
HQVHPLOODYQQHJURGHJHORIHPDQGLQJDFRWUDYEDQHJUDGHJXLQHD
>5RGULJRGH@5HLQRVDKDWRPDGRHVWULELOORVKDVWDGHORVQHJURVGH
ODFRURQDGH3RUWXJDOTXHGLIXQGtDQHQ6HYLOODORVVRQHVDIULFDQRV
FRPR ORV GH OD PDQJDQD ©0DQJDQD PDQJDQD QR WHQHU YLQR QL
FKXFDUDFDQDª1RWD+D\UHIHUHQFLDVDODPDQJDQDHQ-RUJH)HUUHLUD
GH9DVFRQFHORV\HQ&DPRHV/DGH&DPRHVVHKDOODHQOD&DUWD,9
SDUDPtGHGXGRVDDXWHQWLFLGDG/DPiVFXULRVDHVODGHOD&RPHGLD
(XIURVLQDYpDVHPLHGLFLyQ0DGULGSiJ©9RVVRLVWRGR
KXDPDQJDQDPD\RUPHQWHVHIRUGHVFDQWDGDFRPQHVSDUDVHURX[LQRO
GHEDUURªHQTXHODSDODEUDSDUHFHGHGREOHVHQWLGR0HSUHJXQWRVL
QRVLJQLÀFDDODYH]VRQQHJUR\WUHWDPDxD
'pFDGDVGHVSXpVHQ<YHWWH-LPpQH]GH%iH]DQDOL]DEDGHHVWHPRGRORV
FRPSOHMRVVLQFUHWLVPRVDIULFDQRHXURSHRDPHULFDQRVTXHTXHGDURQHQFDUQDGRV
HQHOUHSHUWRULROtULFRPXVLFDOFRUHRJUiÀFRGHORVHVFODYRVQHJURV
3RUpO>HOFURQLVWDHVSDxRO2TXHQGR@VDEHPRVTXH\DHQHUDQ
PX\SRSXODUHVHQHO3HU~EDLODEOHV\VHJXUDPHQWHFRPSRVLFLRQHVHQ
YHUVRTXHKR\FRQVHUYDHOGHFLPDULRSRSXODUGHQXHVWURVSDtVHV©ORV
DWDEDOHVGHORVQHJURVODVHVLyQGHEDLOHVHOVDPEDSDORHOSXHUWRUUL
FROD]DUDEDQGD\ODYDORQDODFKXUXPED>¢HOFKXFKXPEpYHUDFUX]D
QR"@HOWDSDUTXHODFKDFRQDHOWRWDUTXHª\ODVPRULVFDV]DPEUDVD
TXHDOXGHHQRWUDRFDVLyQ6HJ~Q2TXHQGRpVWRVVHOODPDEDQ©VRQHVª
JpQHURFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGH9HUDFUX]\OD+XDVWHFDSRWRVLQDHQ0p[LFR
©HV TXH VR\ WDQ PLVHUDEOHTXH HQ FRPHQ]iQGRVH HO VRQFRPLHQ]R D
GHVDWDFDUPH1RKD\FRVDTXHQRPHEXOODQLSLHTXHQRVHOHYDQWH
SRUTXHHOVRQHVGHPDQHUDTXHPRXHUDDXQFDEHVWUDQWHª
(Q XQ LQWHUHVDQWH DUWtFXOR UHODWLYDPHQWH UHFLHQWH 5LFDUGR 3pUH]
0RQIRUWDSXQWDODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOIDQGDQJRODÀHVWDMDURFKDRYH
UDFUX]DQDSRUH[FHOHQFLDTXHVHGHÀQHSRUHOXVRGHODWDULPDSDUDHO
]DSDWHDGR\ODP~VLFDGHDUSDMDUDQD\UHTXLQWRODWUDGLFLyQLQGtJHQD
(XJHQLR$VHQVLR3RpWLFD\UHDOLGDGHQHOFDQFLRQHURSHQLQVXODUGHOD(GDG0HGLD0DGULG
*UHGRVSiJ
5LFDUGR3pUH]0RQIRUW©)DQGDQJRÀHVWD\PLWRª8QLYHUVLGDGGH0p[LFRSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
\ODQHJUD(QVXHMHFXFLyQVHVLJXHQORVOLQHDPLHQWRVEiVLFRVFRQORV
TXHKHFDUDFWHUL]DGRHOULWXDOGH/D%RPED
/DELEOLRJUDItDGHHVWXGLRVVREUHHVWDWUDGLFLyQGHFDQWRVEDLODGRVRGHEDL
OHV FDQWDGRV SRU ORV QHJURV HVFODYRV VHFXHVWUDGRV GH VXV KRJDUHV DIULFDQRV \
FRQGXFLGRVD(VSDxD\D$PpULFDHVUHODWLYDPHQWHDPSOLD&DEHGHVWDFDUFRPR
KLWRV LPSRUWDQWHV \ HQ SRVLFLyQ PX\ GHVWDFDGD ORV HQFLFORSpGLFRV HVWXGLRV
VREUHHOWHPDGHOJUDQDQWURSyORJRFXEDQR)HUQDQGR2UWL]DTXLHQVHGHEHOD
DFXxDFLyQGHOWpUPLQRWUDQVFXOWXUDOLVPRTXHKDDGTXLULGRVLQJXODUIRUWXQDHQ
OD DQWURSRORJtD PRGHUQD SDUD GHÀQLU SUHFLVDPHQWH HVWH WLSR GH IHQyPHQRV
DOJXQRVHVWXGLRVSLRQHURVGHODUJHQWLQR+RUDFLR-RUJH%HFFRPXFKRVGHORV
WUDEDMRV GHO PXVLFyORJR 5REHUW 0 6WHYHQVRQ \D FLWDGRV \ RWURV GHO PLVPR
DXWRUFHQWUDGRVGHPDQHUDH[FOXVLYDHQODWUDGLFLyQQHJURDPHULFDQDHOOLEUR
GH%DOWDVDU)UD0ROLQHURVREUH/DLPDJHQGHORVQHJURVHQHOWHDWURGHO6LJOR
GH2URODLPSRUWDQWtVLPDWHVLVGRFWRUDOGH*OHQQ6ZLDGRQ0DUWtQH]
VREUH/RVYLOODQFLFRVGHQHJURHQHOVLJOR;9,,\DOJXQRVDUWtFXORVPX\
UHFLHQWHVGHORVSURIHVRUHV-RVp-XOLiQ/DEUDGRU\5DOSK$'L)UDQFR1RVH
<YHWWH-LPpQH]GH%iH]©'pFLPDV\JORVDVPH[LFDQDVHQWUHORRUDO\ORHVFULWRª/DGpFLPD
SRSXODUHQODWUDGLFLyQKLVSiQLFD$FWDVGHO6LPSRVLR,QWHUQDFLRQDOVREUHODGpFLPDHG07UDSHUR/DV
3DOPDVGH*UDQ&DQDULD8QLYHUVLGDGGH/DV3DOPDVGH*UDQ&DQDULD&DELOGR,QVXODUGH*UDQ&DQDULD
SiJVSiJV\
1XPHURVRVWUDEDMRVGH2UWL]DERUGDQ³VLTXLHUDVHDSDUFLDOPHQWH³ODFXHVWLyQGHODVIXHQ
WHV \ GH ORV RUtJHQHV GH OD P~VLFD \ GH ODV FDQFLRQHV QHJUDV HQ &XED (QWUH HOORV /D DIULFDQtD GH OD
P~VLFDIRONOyULFDGH&XED/D+DEDQD0LQLVWHULRGH(GXFDFLyQ/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHODP~VLFD
DIURFXEDQD /D +DEDQD 0LQLVWHULR GH (GXFDFLyQ +LVWRULD GH XQD SHOHD FXEDQD FRQWUD ORV
GHPRQLRV/D+DEDQD(GLWRULDOGH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVUHHG/DP~VLFDDIURFXEDQD0DGULG-~FDU
/RVEDLOHV\HOWHDWURGHORVQHJURVHQHOIROFORUHGH&XED/D+DEDQD(GLWRULDO/HWUDV&XEDQDV
UHHG\/RVFDELOGRV\ODÀHVWDDIURFXEDQRVGHO'tDGH5H\HV/D+DEDQD(GLWRULDOGH&LHQFLDV
6RFLDOHV
+RUDFLR-RUJH%HFFR(OWHPDGHOQHJURHQFDQWRVEDLOHV\YLOODQFLFRVGHORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,
%XHQRV$LUHV2OODQWD\YpDVHGHOPLVPRDXWRU1HJURV\PRUHQRVHQHOFDQFLRQHURULRSODWHQVH
%XHQRV$LUHV6RFLHGDG$UJHQWLQDGH$PHULFDQLVWDV
5REHUW06WHYHQVRQ©7KH$IUR$PHULFDQ0XVLFDO/HJDF\WRª7KH0XVLFDO4XDUWHUO\
/,9SiJV©(OHOHPHQWRQHJURHQORVDOERUHVGHODP~VLFDGHO1XHYR0XQGRª+HWH
URIRQtD;,SiJV\©6XE6DKDUDQ,PSDFWRQ:HVWHUQ0XVLFWRª,$05
SiJV
0DGULG6LJOR;;,
0p[LFR81$0
9pDVH-RVp-XOLiQ/DEUDGRU©(OQHJURTXHQRTXHUtDWHQHUDOPDEODQFDª&XDGHUQRVGH$/
'((8SiJV\-RVp-XOLiQ/DEUDGRU\5DOSK$'L)UDQFR©9LOODQFLFRVGHQHJURV\RWURV
WHVWLPRQLRVDOFDVRHQPDQXVFULWRVGHO6LJORGH2URª$FWDVGHO&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDO/\UD0LQLPD
2UDOORVJpQHURVEUHYHVGHODOLWHUDWXUDWUDGLFLRQDOHG303LxHUR6HYLOOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOOD
HQSUHQVD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
SXHGHQROYLGDUWDPSRFRDOJXQRVWUDEDMRVGHRWURVHVWXGLRVRV\H[KXPDGRUHVGH
ODGRFXPHQWDFLyQKLVWyULFDGHODVFXOWXUDVKDEODVFDQWRV\GDQ]DVGHORVQHJURV
HVFODYRVHQOD$PpULFDFRORQLDORGHODLPDJHQ\ORVHVWHUHRWLSRVTXHGHHOORV
TXHGDURQÀMDGRVHQODOLWHUDWXUDHQHVSDxROGHODpSRFD0XFKRVHVWXGLRVVREUH
ODP~VLFD\HOEDLOHQHJURDPHULFDQRPiVPRGHUQRVKDQH[SORUDGRWDPELpQVXV
RUtJHQHVHQODWUDGLFLyQEDUURFDFRORQLDO
1RPHUHVLVWRDWHUPLQDUHVWHWUDEDMRVLQUHIHULUPHQLVLQUHSURGXFLUDOPHQRV
SDUFLDOPHQWHDOJXQRVGRFXPHQWRVOLWHUDULRVTXHDXQTXHWUDVFLHQGHQORVOtPL
WHVFURQROyJLFRVGHORV6LJORVGH2URDORVTXHQRVGHELpUDPRVFHxLUUHVXOWDQ
PX\ SHUWLQHQWHV SDUD DWHVWLJXDU OD FRQWLQXLGDG \ SHUYLYHQFLD GH ORV SURFHVRV
GH VLQFUHWLVPR FXOWXUDO HXURSHRDIULFDQRDPHULFDQR FX\RV RUtJHQHV HVWDPRV
MXVWDPHQWHGHVHQWUDxDQGR
0 (VVHV ©%ODFN 'DQFH 7\SHV LQ 6SDQLVK 'RPLQLRQV ª ,$05 SiJV
-XDQ &DUORV (VWHQVVRUR )XFKV ©0~VLFD \ FRPSRUWDPLHQWR IHVWLYR GH OD SREODFLyQ QHJUD HQ
/LPD FRORQLDOª &XDGHUQRV +LVSDQRDPHULFDQRV SiJV HVWH Q~PHUR FRPSOHWR GH
HVWD UHYLVWD HVWi GHGLFDGR D /RV QHJURV HQ$PpULFD ,OGHIRQVR *XWLpUUH]$]RSDUGR ©/D LJOHVLD \ ORV
QHJURVª+LVWRULDGHOD,JOHVLDHQ+LVSDQRDPpULFD\)LOLSLQDVVLJORV;9;,;,$VSHFWRVJHQHUDOHVHG
3%RUJHV0DGULG(VWXGLR7HROyJLFRGH6DQ,OGHIRQVRGH7ROHGRSiJV1LFROiV1JRX
0YH(OÉIULFD%DQW~HQODFRORQL]DFLyQGH0p[LFR0DGULG&6,&
&RQVRODFLyQ%DUDQGD/HWXULR©/DVKDEODVGHQHJURVRUtJHQHVGHXQSHUVRQDMHOLWHUDULRª5HYLVWD
GH)LORORJtD(VSDxROD/;,;SiJV0LJXHO0DUyQ*DUFtD%HUPHMR*LQHU©'HOiPELWR
SURIDQRDOUHOLJLRVR(VWXGLRGHXQDSLH]DGHQHJURVGHXQFDQFLRQHURFDUPHOLWDQRª(VWDGRDFWXDOGH
ORVHVWXGLRVVREUHHO6LJORGH2UR$FWDVGHO,,&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH+LVSDQLVWDVGHO6LJORGH2UR
YROVHG0*DUFtD0DUWtQ,$UHOODQR-%ODVFR\09LWVH6DODPDQFD8QLYHUVLGDG,SiJV
ÉQJHO0$JXLUUH©(OHPHQWRVDIURQHJURLGHVHQGRVSRHPDVGH/XLVGH*yQJRUD\$UJRWH\HQ
FLQFRYLOODQFLFRVGH6RU-XDQD,QpVGHOD&UX]ªHQ6FULWWL©FRQWURª0RGHOOLLQGLVFXVVLRQHQHOOHOHWWH
UDWXUHLEHULFKH$WWLGHO&RQYHQJRGL5RPDPDU]R5RPD%XO]RQLSiJV
\(/ySH]0DUWtQH]7DEOHURGHDMHGUH]LPiJHQHVGHOQHJURKHURLFRHQODFRPHGLDHVSDxROD\HQOD
OLWHUDWXUDHLFRQRJUDItDVDFUDGHO%UDVLOHVFODYLVWD3DUtV&HQWUH&DORXVWH*XOEHQNLDQ
9pDVH(QULTXH+3XFFLD%UHYHKLVWRULDGHOFDUQDYDOSRUWHxR%XHQRV$LUHV0XQLFLSDOLGDG
GH OD &LXGDG *HUPiQ GH *UDQGD (VWXGLRV OLQJtVWLFRV KLVSiQLFRV DIURKLVSiQLFRV \ FULROORV
0DGULG*UHGRV5RODQGR3pUH])HUQiQGH]/DP~VLFDDIURPHVWL]DPH[LFDQD-DODSD8QLYHUVLGDG
9HUDFUX]DQD$UPLQ6FKZHJOHU©ÉIULFDHQ$PpULFDORVMXHJRVGHYHORULR\RWURVFDQWRVIXQHUD
ULRV DIURKLVSDQRV UHPDQHQWHV HQ OD FRVWD DWOiQWLFD GH &RORPELDª $NWHQ GHV (VVHQHU .ROORTXLXP EHU
©6SUDFKPLQRULWlWHQ0LQRULWlWHQVSUDFKHQª -XQLR 8QLYHUVLWlW (VVHQ HG - 5 'RZ \ 7 6WRO]
%RFKXP6WXGLHQYHUODJ%URFNPH\HUSiJV*DEULHO(QWLRSH/D'DQVHGDQVOHYHFXGH
O·HVFODYHFDULEHHQHPHHPHVLqFOHVFRQWULEXWLRQDXSUREOqPHGHODUpVLVWDQFHGHVQHJUHV/LOOH
8QLYHUVLWp*DEULHO(QWLRSH1HJUHVGDQVHHWUpVLVWDQFHOD&DULEHGX;9,,HDX;;VLqFOH3DUtV
/·+DUPDWWDQ $QWRQLR %HQtWH] 5RMR ©0~VLFD \ QDFLyQ (O URO GH OD P~VLFD QHJUD \ PXODWD HQ
ODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODQDFLyQFXEDQDPRGHUQDª(QFXHQWURGHOD&XOWXUD&XEDQDSiJV
-RKQ 0 /LSVNL $PpULFD QHJUD SDQRUiPLFD DFWXDO GH ORV HVWXGLRV OLQJtVWLFRV VREUH YDULHGDGHV
KLVSDQDVSRUWXJXHVDV\FULROODVHG03HUO\$6FKZHJOHU)UDQNIXUW9HUYXHUWSiJV
5)RUJXHV©*UHJRULR0DUWtQH]HQWUHGLDEORV\P~VLFRVHOYDOVGHODKLVWRULDVREUHPLQRUtDQHJUD\
]DPEDª /LWHUDWXUD SHUXDQD KR\ &ULVLV \ FUHDFLyQ HGV . .RKXW - 0RUDOHV 6DUDYLD \ 6 9 5RVH
)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ9HUYXHUW
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
/RV SULPHURV GH HOORV VRQ GRV IUDJPHQWRV GH GRV FXSOpV HVSDxROHV GH ORV
LQLFLRVGHOVLJOR;;TXHHQODpSRFDHQTXHFRPHQ]DEDWDPELpQHQORV(VWDGRV
8QLGRVHOGHVDUUROORGHOMD]]PRGHUQRGDQIHGHODLQÁXHQFLD\GHORVVLQFUH
WLVPRV©QHJURVªTXHSRUHQWRQFHVVXIULyODWUDGLFLyQOtULFRPXVLFDOHVSDxROD
(OEDLOHGHOD6DQGXQJD
HVPRGDHQ7HKXDQWHSHF
\YR\DFDQWDUORDKRUD
SRUYHUVLOHJXVWDDXVWHG
6RQWDQWRVQHJURVORVTXHKDQYHQLGR
SDUDHQVHxDUQRVHOFKDUOHVWyQ
TXHODVPDPiVVHYHQPRUiV
SDUDHYLWDULUDOED]DU
([WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHLQWHUHVDQWHHVWDPELpQHODUWtFXORSHULRGtVWLFRTXHSRU
ODPLVPDpSRFDHVFULELyHOJUDQSRHWDSHUXDQR&pVDU9DOOHMRHQVXpSRFDGH
FRUUHVSRQVDOHQODFDSLWDOGH)UDQFLDFRQXQWtWXORTXHKDEODSRUVtVROR©/D
FRQTXLVWDGH3DUtVSRUORVQHJURVª(OTXHXQSRHWDSHUXDQRGHKDEODHVSDxROD
GHVFULELHVHFRQWDQWRDUGRUHOPRGRHQTXHXQDP~VLFDGHQHJURVGHDQFHVWURV
DIULFDQRVWUDVODGDGRVD(VWDGRV8QLGRVVHDFOLPDWDVHDVtHQ3DUtVQRSXHGHVHU
PiVUHYHODGRU
1R YR\ D UHODFLRQDU SDUD QDGD PLV HORJLRV DO DUWH QHJUR FRQ PL
REUD SRpWLFD QL YD\D D YHUVH HQ DTXpOORV H[SOLFDFLyQ DOJXQD GH PL
HVWpWLFD /LEUH HV HO EODQFR GH OODPDU D PL YHUVR YHUVR QHJUR \ HO
QHJURGHOODPDUOREODQFRRURMR
$ORTXHYR\DKRUDHVDQRWLFLDUXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVLQJXODUtVLPR
ODFRQTXLVWDGH3DUtVSRUHOWHDWURQHJURWUDtGRGLUHFWDPHQWHGHOEDUULR
QHJUR GH 1HZ<RUN DO 0XVLF+DOO GH ORV &DPSRV (OtVHRV (O EDOOHW
QHJURKHDTXtHODFRQWHFLPLHQWRGHOGtDHQ3DUtV
(OWHDWURGHORV&DPSRV(OtVHRVFX\RGLUHFWRUHVHOVLPSDWLTXtVL
PR5ROIGH0DUpVHKDGHVWDFDGRVLHPSUHSRUVXDPRUDORH[yWLFR
\ D OR GHVFRQRFLGR KDELHQGR LQWURGXFLGR SRU SULPHUD YH] HQ 3DUtV
HO EDOOHW VXHFR ODV GDQ]DV GH ,VLGRUD 'XQFDQ \ GH /RLH )XOOHU ORV
&RURV 8NUDQLDQRV ORV &RQFLHUWRV )XWXULVWDV \ HO EDOOHW UXVR +R\
Anterior
6HUJH6DODQ(OFXSOp0DGULG(VSDVD&DOSHSiJV\
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
DFDED GH RIUHFHU D 3DUtV WDPELpQ SRU SULPHUD YH] HO EDOOHW QHJUR
FX\DUHVRQDQFLDDUWtVWLFDYLHQHDSUREDUQRVKR\FRPRD\HUODJUDQ
HQYHUJDGXUDHVSLULWXDOGHOÉIULFDGHHVDUD]DGHWULiQJXORV\GH©RORU
DPLHOTXHPDGDªTXHTXLHUHWRPDUSRUORVFXHUQRVDODYLGDVHJ~QOD
H[SUHVLyQGHO'HOWHOO(OSREUH*XLOOHUPR$SROOLQDLUHKDEUiVHHVWUH
PHFLGRHQVXSDQWHyQGHKpURHDOSHUFLELUHQHODLUHGHOWLHPSRHVWH
UXLGRVRWULXQIRGHODHVWLUSHFX\DULxRQDGDSOiVWLFDSHUFLELypODQWHV
TXHQDGLHHQORVDOERUHVGHOFXELVPR
8Q ERFHWR GH OD GDQ]D QHJUD DXQWpQWLFD KDEtD \R YLVWR \D HQ
ODSHOtFXODHQFDVDGH0DXULFH5\QDOHOFUtWLFRPD\RUGH3LFDVVR
\ GHO FXELVPR$KRUD VH WUDWD PiV TXH GH XQD GDQ]D SOiVWLFD GH
XQD GDQ]D DXGLWLYD 6H WUDWD GH XQ MD]] SUtVWLQR RULJLQDO HQ WRGD
VX VDOYDMH] LQpGLWD ORV KXHVRV LOtDFRV HQ UHOLQFKR GH VHQVXDOLGDG
HVSDVPyGLFD KDVWD HO GRORU GHO DOPD HO WURPEyQ TXH GHVWLHPSOD
ORVGLHQWHVODVHULHGHWDPERUHV\SODWLOORVFX\DYLEUDFLyQVHKDFH
SROLIRQtD VREHUELD XOXODQWH VHFD KHURLFD OiQJXLGD OXMXULRVD GH
WULVWHOXMXULDHOFUXMLGRGHORVPLHPEURVDOGDQ]DUDOFRPSiVGHXQ
DXWRWURSH]yQLPSUHYLVWRDXQTXHHVWLOL]DGRHVWXSHQGDPHQWHRDOVRQ
GHXQVRPEUHURGHFRSDTXHFDHDOD]DUHQHOWDEODGR\VHURPSHHQ
GRV WLHPSRV DUPRQLRVRV £8Q ZDJQHULVPR EDVWDUGHDGR D IDYRU GHO
FODULQHWH GHO GHVHR" (Q WRGR FDVR 3DUtV HVWi DVRPEUDGR 1XQFD
KDEtDSUHVHQFLDGRVHPHMDQWHP~VLFDWDOHVLQVWUXPHQWRVPRQVWUXRVRV
FXDOHVUHIULHJDVDQDWyPLFDVGHOEDLOHVDOYDMHHQTXHORVLHWHIUHQRV
FDWyOLFRVGHQXHVWUDFLYLOL]DFLyQQREDVWDQDDPRUGD]DUODDQJXVWLD
PLVWHULRVDGHODQLPDOTXHVHSRQHGHHVSDOGDVFRQHOKRPEUH'DQ]D
GH OD VHOYD DQWH FX\D FUXGH]D FDVL PHUDPHQWH ]RROyJLFD QR KD\
PRUDOQLFUtWLFDSRVLEOHV
3LFDVVR -HDQ &RFWHDX HVWiQ GH SOiFHPHV £6L D~Q YLYLHUD (ULFN
6DWLHFyPRKDEUtDJR]DGRHOJUDQYLHMRDGROHVFHQWH
2WURGRFXPHQWRDXQWLHPSRPRGHUQR\HWHUQRDFHUFDGHODLQÁXHQFLD\GH
ODVLPELRVLVGHORQHJURDIULFDQRHQODWUDGLFLyQOtULFRPXVLFDOKLVSDQRDPHUL
FDQDHVHOHPRWLYRSRHPDGH/RVGRVDEXHORVGHOSRHWDPXODWRFXEDQR1LFROiV
*XLOOpQ
&pVDU 9DOOHMR ©/D FRQTXLVWD GH 3DUtV SRU ORV QHJURVª 'HVGH (XURSD &UyQLFDV \ DUWtFXORV
HG-3XFFLQHOOL/LPD(GLFLRQHV)XHQWHGH&XOWXUD3HUXDQDUHHGSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$(1&58&,-$'$(63$f2/$&$1726<0Ô6,&$6'((8523$É)5,&$<«
6RPEUDVTXHVyOR\RYHR
PHHVFROWDQPLVGRVDEXHORV
<RORVMXQWR³£)HGHULFR
³£)DFXQGR/RVGRVVHDEUD]DQ
/RVGRVVXVSLUDQ/RVGRV
ODVIXHUWHVFDEH]DVDO]DQ
ORVGRVGHOPLVPRWDPDxR
EDMRODVHVWUHOODVDOWDV
ORVGRVGHOPLVPRWDPDxR
DQVLDQHJUD\DQVLDEODQFD
ORVGRVGHOPLVPRWDPDxR
JULWDQVXHxDQOORUDQFDQWDQ
6XHxDQOORUDQFDQWDQ
OORUDQFDQWDQ
£&DQWDQ
0X\UHFLHQWHPHQWHHQDJRVWRGHHOHVFULWRUPH[LFDQR&DUORV)XHQWHV
\ HO P~VLFR GH URFN HVSDxRO 0LJXHO 5tRV UHFLELHURQ VHQGRV KRPHQDMHV HQ HO
IHVWLYDO6RQODWLQRVGH7HQHULIH)XHHQWRQFHVFXDQGRDPERVFRQFHGLHURQXQD
HQWUHYLVWDHQTXHKDEODURQGHHVWHPRGRVREUHORVVLQFUHWLVPRVFXOWXUDOHVQHJUR
KLVSDQRDPHULFDQRVTXHDDPERVKDEtDQQXWULGRRIDVFLQDGR
3 ¢&XiO KD VLGR OD LQÁXHQFLD GH OR QHJUR HQ OD OLWHUDWXUD \ OD
P~VLFD"
&DUORV)XHQWHV'HVGHOXHJRHQWRGRHO&DULEH\%UDVLOODP~VLFD
VHUtDLQFRQFHELEOHVLQODLQÁXHQFLDDIULFDQD)tMDWHHQHOERVVDQRYD
SRUHMHPSORQRH[LVWLUtDVLQODLQÁXHQFLDDIULFDQD
0LJXHO 5tRV 5HFXHUGR XQ YLDMH D 0DUUDTXHFK \ FyPR FXDQGR
WRFDEDQHOOD~GKDEtDGHMHVGHODP~VLFDTXHVHHVFXFKDHQ%DKtD0H
H[SOLFDURQTXHFXDQGRODHVFODYLWXGGHVSXpVGHODVODUJDVWUDYHVtDV
GHOGHVLHUWRORVHVFODYRVGHVFDQVDEDQXQRVGtDVDOOtSDUDTXHSXGLHUDQ
DJXDQWDUHOGXURYLDMHSRUPDUKDVWD$PpULFD\SRGHUVHUYHQGLGRVD
EXHQSUHFLR7RGRHOFRQFHSWRUtWPLFRYLHQHGHDKt
1LFROiV*XLOOpQ%DODGDGHORVGRVDEXHORV$QWRORJtD0D\RU/D+DEDQD3XHEOR\(GXFDFLyQ
SiJ
-XDQ0DQXHO3DGUHOODV©)XHQWHV\5tRVMXQWRDO$WOiQWLFRFDQDULRª(O3DtV5HYLVWDGH$JRVWR
GHDJRVWRGHSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$18(/3('526$
)LQDOPHQWHHOFpOHEUHJXLWDUULVWDPH[LFDQR&DUORV6DQWDQDKDH[SUHVDGR\
UHLYLQGLFDGRWDPELpQPX\UHFLHQWHPHQWH\HQWRQRELHQDSDVLRQDGRODLQÁXHQFLD
TXHVREUHVXP~VLFDODWLQDKDQWHQLGRORVVRQHVQHJURDIULFDQRV
/DIXHQWHHVÉIULFD&XEDQRIXHPiVTXHXQDSDUDGDHQHOFDPL
QR
([LVWHQP~VLFDVGHPDVLDGREODQFDVSDUDPLJXVWRGHPDVLDGRUtJLGDV
(QWLHQGRODP~VLFDFRPRXQDVXPDGHHOHPHQWRVRSXHVWRVORHXURSHR
\ORDIULFDQR/RGLYLQR\ORVHQVXDO2ORIHPHQLQRTXHHVPHORGtD
\ORPDVFXOLQRTXHHVHOULWPR&XDQGRWRGRVHFRQMXJDODP~VLFDHV
FRPRXQDSLHGUDSUHFLRVD
©&XDQGR WRGR VH FRQMXJD OD P~VLFD HV FRPR XQD SLHGUD SUHFLRVDª /DV
SDODEUDVUHFLHQWHVGHXQJXLWDUULVWDPH[LFDQRTXHYLYHHQ(VWDGRV8QLGRVKD
EOD HQ HVSDxRO \ KD UHFLELGR OD LPSURQWD GH OD P~VLFD QHJUD DIULFDQD SDVDGD
SRU³HQWUHRWURVPXFKRVOXJDUHV³&XEDVRQYiOLGDVWDQWRSDUDHOKR\GHVX
P~VLFDFRPRSDUDHOD\HUGHODP~VLFD\GHODVFDQFLRQHVEDUURFDVLEHURDIUR
DPHULFDQDV D ODV TXH KHPRV DWHQGLGR 'HVGH HO PLVPR PRPHQWR HQ TXH DOOi
HQORVDOERUHVGHO5HQDFLPLHQWRHO2FpDQR$WOiQWLFRFRPHQ]yDVHUFUX]DGR
QR HQ GRV VLQR HQ WUHV GLUHFFLRQHV HVHQFLDOHV ODV TXH RFXSDQ ORV KRUL]RQWHV
GH(XURSDGH$PpULFD\GHÉIULFDODSRHVtD\ODP~VLFDGHHVWRVFRQWLQHQWHV
\GHPXFKRVGHVXVSXHEORVFRPHQ]DURQWDPELpQDFUX]DUDLQWHUFDPELDUVHD
IXQGLUVH\DSURWDJRQL]DUXQDVRPEURVRIHQyPHQRGHWUDQVFXOWXUDOLVPR³FRPR
GLUtD)HUQDQGR2UWL]³FX\RLPSXOVRVLJXHKR\\GHVSXpVGHFLQFRVLJORVIHOL]
\DEVROXWDPHQWHYLYR
-26e0$18(/3('526$
8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OFDOi
(QWUHYLVWDGH'LHJR$0DQULTXHFRQ&DUORV6DQWDQD©&DUORV6DQWDQDHOJXLWDUULVWDGLYLQRª
(O3DtV6HPDQDOGHQRYLHPEUHGHSiJVSiJV\
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(
3('52&$/'(5Ð1'(/$%$5&$<-8$1+,'$/*2
&(/26$Ô1'($,5(0$7$1
/DFRUWHHVSDxRODWXYRHOKRQRUFRPSDUWLGRFRQ'UHVGHQ'DSKQHGH+HLQ
ULFK6FKW]GHVHUHOSULPHUSDtVIXHUDGH,WDOLDHQHOTXHVHFHOHEUyXQD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQRSHUtVWLFDVHWUDWDEDGH/DVHOYDVLQDPRUFRQWH[WRGH/RSHGH
9HJD\P~VLFDGHDXWRUGHVFRQRFLGRTXHVHUHSUHVHQWyHQ(OWHVWLPRQLRGH
/RSHUHVXOWDPX\QtWLGR\pOPLVPRDOSXEOLFDUPiVWDUGHHOWH[WRHQODVeJORJDV
QRVFXHQWDTXHGLFKDREUDFRQHODSHODWLYRGH©eJORJD3DVWRUDOª
>«@VHUHSUHVHQWyFDQWDGDD6600\$$FRVDQXHYDHQ(V
SDxD>«@
>«@/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVRFXSDEDQODSULPHUDSDUWHGHOWHDWURVLQVHU
YLVWRV D FX\D DUPRQtD FDQWDEDQ ODV ÀJXUDV ORV YHUVRV KDFLHQGR HQ
ODPLVPDFRPSRVLFLyQGHODP~VLFDODVDGPLUDFLRQHVODVTXHMDVORV
DPRUHVODVLUDV\ORVGHPiVDIHFWRV
(OWH[WRGH/RSHSRVHHXQYDORUGRFXPHQWDOH[WUDRUGLQDULRDOUHJLVWUDUHQ
VXGHGLFDWRULDDO$OPLUDQWHGH&DVWLOODODFRQFLHQFLDGHODQRYHGDGGHOJpQHUR
RSHUtVWLFR GHVFRQRFLGR D~Q HQ (VSDxD SRU RWUD SDUWH H[SOLFD FRQ FODULGDG \
SUHFLVLyQODFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHODP~VLFD\HOWH[WRHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGH
ORVDIHFWRV
/RSHGH9HJD2EUDV&RPSOHWDV%DUFHORQD$JXLODUYRO,,,SiJ
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
(OORSRQHGHPDQLÀHVWRDGHPiVHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODSUiFWLFDGHOQXHYR
HVWLORQDFLGRHQOD&DPHUDWDÀRUHQWLQDHQFX\DVHJXQGDHWDSDEDMRHOHVWtPXOR
\ODGLUHFFLyQGH-DFRSR&RUVLDSDUHFLHURQODVSULPHUDVSURGXFFLRQHVHVFpQLFDV
GH(PLOLRGH·&DYDOLHUL-DFRSR3HUL'DSKQH(XULGLFH\*LXOLR
&DFFLQL (XULGLFH VLQ HOODV QR VHUtD H[SOLFDEOH HO p[LWR GHO 2UIHR GH
0RQWHYHUGLTXHFRQVROLGDGHÀQLWLYDPHQWHHOJpQHURRSHUtVWLFR
/D UHFHSFLyQ GH HVWH QXHYR HVWLOR OODPDGR HQWRQFHV GH GLYHUVDV PDQHUDV
VWLOHUDSSUHVHQWDWLYRVWLOHQXRYRVWLOHDIIHWWXRVR\GHVGHSRU0RQWHYHU
GLVHFRQGDSUDWWLFDSRURSRVLFLyQDODSULPDSUDWWLFDUHIHULGDDODSROLIRQtD
LPLWDWLYD SURSLD GHO 5HQDFLPLHQWR WLHQH OXJDU HQ (VSDxD GHVGH ORV SULPHURV
GHFHQLRVGHO6;9,,WDQWRHQODFRUWHGH&DVWLOODFRPRHQODVFDWHGUDOHVGHO
iUHD PHGLWHUUiQHD HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ &DWDOXxD \ 9DOHQFLD (V HQ OD VHJXQGD
PLWDGGHO;9,,FXDQGRHVWDQXHYDP~VLFDTXHKR\DSHOOLGDPRVEDUURFDVHKD
FRQVROLGDGRHQ(VSDxDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHODSDUWDGRGHP~VLFDGHURPDQFH
GRQGH ORV SURFHGLPLHQWRV GH OD UHWyULFD OLJDGRV D OD SURSLD HVHQFLD GHO VWLOH
UDSSUHVHQWDWLYR R DIIHWWXRVR DSDUHFHQ FRQ UHJXODULGDG QR DVt HQ OD P~VLFD
OLW~UJLFD PiV SURSLFLD DO XVR GH OD WpFQLFD GHO FRQWUDSXQWR LPLWDWLYR KDVWD HO
~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOV;9,,\PXFKRPiVUHDFLDDXWLOL]DUHVWRVSURFHGLPLHQWRV
VHPiQWLFRVHQHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHORVWH[WRVODWLQRV
/RV WRQRV WRQDGDV YLOODQFLFRV URPDQFHV \ RWUDV GHQRPLQDFLRQHV SDUHFL
GDV FRQVWLWX\HQ HQ OD (VSDxD GHO V ;9,, HO FDPLQR KDELWXDO GH OD UHFHSFLyQ
GHO QXHYR HVWLOR DVt FRPR HO FDPSR QDWXUDO GH H[SHULPHQWDFLyQ GH QXHVWURV
FRPSRVLWRUHVHVWDVSHTXHxDVIRUPDVHQVXIXQFLyQUHOLJRVDRSURIDQDVRQHO
HOHPHQWR LPSUHVFLQGLEOH SDUD HO VXUJLPLHQWR GH ODV JUDQGHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH OD
]DU]XHODODySHUD\HORUDWRULRFX\DDSDULFLyQUHSUHVHQWDHOVXÀFLHQWHJUDGR
GHPDGXUH]HQWUHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVFRQWLQXDVQRYHGDGHVYHQLGDVGH,WDOLD
\ HO JUDGR GH DVXQFLyQ H[SHULPHQWDFLyQ \ FDSDFLGDG GH VtQWHVLV GH OD SURSLD
P~VLFDKLVSiQLFD
'HVSXpVGH/DVHOYDVLQDPRUQRDSDUHFHQLQJXQDQRWLFLDVREUHySHUDHV
SDxRODKDVWD/DS~USXUDGHODURVD
&93DOLVFD7KH)ORUHQWLQH&DPHUDWD1<SiJ
&0RQWHYHUGL3UyORJRDO9/LEURGH0DGULJDOL)LUHQ]H
/6WHLQ6RQJVRIPRUWDOV'LDORJXHVRIWKH*RGV2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVVSiJV
)%RQDVWUH©(O%DUURF0XVLFDOD&DWDOXQ\DªHQ(O%DUURFFDWDOj%DUFHORQD4XDGHUQV&UHPD
SiJ
,G©/DP~VLFDUHOLJLRVDHQ(VSDxDGXUDQWHHOV;9,,ªHQ0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQ(VSDxD
8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOODGROLGSiJV
/DS~USXUDGHODURVDySHUDHQXQDFWRGH&DOGHUyQH+LGDOJRIXHUHSUHVHQWDGDHQSHUR
VyORVHFRQVHUYDODSDUWLWXUDGHUHIHULGDDVXUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQ/LPD\FRQODLQVHUFLyQGHP~VLFD
GH7RUUHMyQ\9HODVFR5REHUW6WHYHQVRQSXEOLFyHVWDySHUDHQRWUDHGLFLyQUHFLHQWHHVODGH/
6WHLQHG7RPiVGH7RUUHMyQ\9HODVFR\-XDQ+LGDOJR/D3~USXUDGHODURVD)LHVWDFDQWDGDySHUD
HQXQDFWR0DGULG,&&08&RO0~VLFD+LVSDQD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
&HORVD~QGHODLUHPDWDQHVODWHUFHUDySHUDHVSDxRODFRQRFLGD\ODSULPHUD
FRQVHUYDGDFRQVWDGHWUHVDFWRVRMRUQDGDV\IXHUHSUHVHQWDGDHOGHGLFLHPEUH
GH VL ELHQ KXER DO PHQRV WUHV RWUDV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV SRVWHULRUHV WRGDV
HOODVHQ0DGULG\(OPDQXVFULWRGHODSULPHUDMRUQDGDIXH
GHVFXELHUWR SRU -RVp 6XELUi HQ HQ HO DUFKLYR GHO PDGULOHxR 3DODFLR GH
/LULDGHORV'XTXHVGH$OED\SXEOLFDGRHQHQODSUHVWLJLRVDFROHFFLyQ
GLULJLGDSRU+LJLQL$QJOqV(QHOPXVLFyORJRSRUWXJXpV/XLVGH)UHLWDV
%UDQFRLGHQWLÀFyODREUDHQWHUDFRQVHUYDGDHQWUHVFXDGHUQRVGHGLVWLQWDVpSR
FDV \ PDQRV HQ OD %LEOLRWHFD S~EOLFD GH eYRUD 3RUWXJDO 6XELUi UHDOL]y XQ
SUR\HFWRGHHGLFLyQGHODREUDtQWHJUDFRQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHOEDMRFRQWLQXRSHUR
QXQFDOOHJyDSXEOLFDUVH(OWH[WRGHORVPDQXVFULWRVSRUWXJXHVHVIXHHVWXGLDGR
\SXEOLFDGRSRU0DWWKHZ'6WURXGHQ/DHGLFLyQFUtWLFDGHODVIXHQWHV
PXVLFDOHV\OLWHUDULDVFRQVHUYDGDVIXHOOHYDGDDFDER\SXEOLFDGDSRUHODXWRUGH
HVWHWUDEDMRHQGLFKDHGLFLyQIXHHVWUHQDGDHQHO7HDWUR5HDOGH0DGULG
HOGHRFWXEUHGHOFLWDGRDxR
/DHVWUXFWXUDGUDPiWLFDGH&HORVDXQGHODLUHPDWDQUHVSRQGHDODE~VTXHGD
GH XQ HTXLOLEULR HQWUH HO PRGHOR LWDOLDQR \ HO HVSDxRO GHO SULPHUR HV QRWRULD
ODSUHVHQFLDGHOUHFLWDWLYRYHUGDGHURSXQWRGHLQÁH[LyQFRQHOTXHVHLGHQWLÀ
FDHOHOHPHQWRGHUXSWXUDRGHQRYHGDGGHOVWLOHUDSSUHVHQWDWLYRUHVSHFWRGHO
OHQJXDMHUHQDFHQWLVWDDQWHULRU(QFXDQWRDOPRGHORKLVSiQLFRVHKDFHHYLGHQWH
SRUHOXVRGHHOHPHQWRVSURSLRVGHODP~VLFDGHURPDQFH(VWULELOORURPDQFH
FRSODV DVt FRPR GH GLYHUVDV IRUPDV GH GDQ]D H[LVWH WDPELpQ XQ YHUGDGHUR
VWLOXV PL[WXV TXH VH UHFRQRFH SRU HO XVR GH WpFQLFDV FRPSDUWLGDV SRU DPERV
PRGHORV\VHJXUDPHQWHSRURWURVPRGHORVPiVORVEDVVLRVWLQDWLORVULWPRV
FRQ KHPLROLDV OD IXQFLRQDOLGDG GH ORV FRURV \ OD DOWHUQDQFLD GH KRPRIRQtD \
FRQWUDSXQWRLPLWDWLYRFRPRUHFXUVRHVWpWLFR\IXQFLyQGUDPiWLFD
/RVGLYHUVRVLQJUHGLHQWHVFLWDGRVQRSRVHHQVHQWLGRSRUVtPLVPRVVLQRSRU
VX DUWLFXODFLyQ HQ XQ SURFHVR TXH XQH ODV SRWHQFLDOLGDGHV GH WH[WR \ P~VLFD
FRQYLUWLHQGR HVWH FRPSOHMR HQ XQ PHWDOHQJXDMH TXH DFUHFLHQWD VX FDSDFLGDG
H[SUHVLYDJUDFLDVDODÁXLGH]GHODFDSLODULGDGHQWUHDPERVH[WUHPRV
(OORVyORHVSRVLEOHJUDFLDVDOXVRGHODUHWyULFDTXHOOHJDDFRQYHUWLUVHHQ
HOQ~FOHRFRQFHSWXDOGHWRGDHVWDHWDSDGHODP~VLFDTXHOODPDPRVEDUURFR(Q
&HORVVHSXHGHREVHUYDUVXXVRWDQWRHQODWHFWyQLFDJHQHUDOGHODREUDFRPR
HQODGHFRUDWLRYHUERUXPTXHVHHQFXHQWUDFRQKDUWDIUHFXHQFLDDORODUJRGH
-RVp6XELUj/D0~VLFDHQOD&DVDGH$OED0DGULG
,G&HORVDXQGHODLUHPDWDQÐSHUDGHOVLJOR;9,,7H[WRGH&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD\P~VLFD
GH-XDQ+LGDOJR«%DUFHORQD,QVWLWXWG·(VWXGLV&DWDODQV%LEOLRWHFDGH&DWDOXQ\D
0'6WURXGHG3HGUR&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD&HORVDXQGHODLUHPDWDQ6DQ$QWRQLR86$
7ULQLW\8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
)%RQDVWUHHG-XDQ+LGDOJR&HORVDXQGHODLUHPDWDQ)LHVWDFDQWDGDHQWUHVMRUQDGDV7H[WR
GH&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD0DGULG,&&08
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
ODVWUHVMRUQDGDV&LWRDOJXQRVHMHPSORVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVTXHQRLOXVWUDQVyORXQ
GHWDOOHGHOWUDEDMRGHOFRPSRVLWRU-XDQ+LGDOJRHQUHODFLyQDODSURSXHVWDWH[WXDO
GH&DOGHUyQVLQRTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHWRGDODDUWLFXODFLyQJHQHUDOGHUDSSUH
VHQWDUHJOLDIIHWWLHVGHFLUDXPHQWDUODFDSDFLGDGGUDPiWLFDKDFLHQGRUHDOHO
WH[WRDGXFLGRGH/RSHGH9HJD
>«@ D FX\D DUPRQtD FDQWDEDQ ODV ÀJXUDV KDFLHQGR HQ OD PLVPD
FRPSRVLFLyQ GH OD P~VLFD ODV DGPLUDFLRQHV ODV TXHMDV ORV DPRUHV
ODVLUDV\ORVGHPiVDIHFWRV D'HOLPLWDFLyQHVSDFLDOH[WHUQD
©>«@DSDUGHORVFLHORVOXFHªFRQXQDIUDVHDVFHQGHQWHTXHVHxDOD
HOÀUPDPHQWR,,-RUQDGDF
©>«@'LDQDHQODYHUGHVHOYD>«@\3URVHUSLQDHQHOQHJURFHQWURª
XVRGHGRVIUDVHVVHSDUDGDVLQWHUYiOLFDPHQWHSRUXQGHVFHQVRWDQWR
HQHOUHFLWDGRRFWDYDFRPRHQHOEDMRFRQWLQXRVH[WD,,-RUQDGD
F
9LGHWRGRHOSiUUDIRGHOWH[WRVXSUDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDQ
&LWRORVHMHPSORVWRPDQGRODHGLFLyQFUtWLFDGHWH[WR\P~VLFDUHIHULGDHQQFRQH[SUHVLyQ
GHOD-RUQDGD\HOQ~PHURGHFRPSDVHV F
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
E3URFHGLPLHQWRVFLQpWLFRVH[WHUQRV
©>«@ SHQHWUDQGR WXV XPEUDOHVª XVR GH XQ PHOLVPD DVFHQGHQWH
,,-RUQDGDF
©«DXQTXHVREUHPtVHYHQJDWRGDVXPiTXLQDDOVXHORªXVRGH
XQDIUDVHGHVFHQGHQWHFRQGLIHUHQFLDHQODÀJXUDFLyQGHODVQRWDVSDUD
DFHQWXDUHOVHQWLGRGHPRYLPLHQWRGHFDtGD,,-RUQDGDF
F3URFHGLPLHQWRVFLQpWLFRVFRPRVtPEROR
©£$\ LQIHOL] GH DTXHOODTXH KL]R YHUGDG KDEHU TXLHQ GH DPRU
PXHUDªXVRGHODIUDVHÀQDOGHVFHQGHQWHSDUDUHIHULUVHDODPXHUWH
,-RUQDGDF
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
©«GHODLUHYRUD]YDWLFLQLR"ªXVRGHXQPHOLVPDFRQGREOHDFFLyQ
GHVFHQGHQWH\DVFHQGHQWH,,-RUQDGDF
©« LQFHQGLR TXH GH OD QRFKH GHVPLHQWH OD RVFXULGDGª XVR GH
XQD IUDVH GHVFHQGHQWH SDUD H[SUHVDU OD GLIHUHQFLD HQWUH OD DOWXUD GH
ODOX]LQFHQGLR\ODRSDFLGDGGHODQRFKHXQDRFWDYDLQIHULRU,,
-RUQDGDF
G$QWtWHVLV
©«TXHVHUHJRFLMHHOYLYRGHORTXHHOPXHUWRVHSXGUHªXVRGH
XQDIUDVHDVFHQGHQWH\RWUDGHVFHQGHQWHSDUDDOXGLUDOFRQWUDVWHHQWUH
YLGD\PXHUWH,,-RUQDGDF
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
©« ORJUDU SRVWUDGROR TXH DOWLYR PXHURª XVR GH GLIHUHQFLD GH
ÀJXUDFLyQGHODVQRWDVSDUDH[SUHVDUODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODSRVWUDFLyQ
ODDOWLYH]\ODPXHUWHDVLPLVPRODVHJXQGDIUDVHFRQWUDSRQHODDV
FHQGHQFLD GH OD DOWLYH] YLGD FRQ OD GHVFHQGHQFLD GH OD PXHUWH ,,
-RUQDGDF
H3URFHVRVGHFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ
©«WHQHGGHPtFOHPHQFLDªXVRGHXQPHOLVPDSDUDHQIDWL]DUHO
VHQWLGRGHODSDODEUD,-RUQDGDF
©,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUªXVRGHÀJXUDFLyQGLYLGLGDSDUD
UHSUHVHQWDUHOVHQWLGRGHOWpUPLQR,-RUQDGDF
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
I5HFXUVRVPXVLFDOHVLQWUtQVHFRV
©«PHDWRUPHQWDªXVRGHXQDFRUGHGHVpSWLPDHQVHJXQGDLQYHU
VLyQTXHFUHDLQHVWDELOLGDGDUPyQLFDKDVWDVXUHVROXFLyQHQHOSULPHU
DFRUGHGHOF,-RUQDGDF
©« LPiQ GHO DOPDª XVR GHO UHWDUGR HQ VtQFRSD SDUD DOXGLU D OD
DWUDFFLyQ GH HVWH DUWLÀFLR DUPyQLFR KDFLD VX UHVROXFLyQ HQ SDUDOHOR
H[DFWRFRQHOWH[WR,,-RUQDGDF
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
J5HFXUVRVOLWHUDULRVGHFODPDWLYRV
©£2KVLKDEODUDVLQYRFHVHOVXVSLURªXVRGHXQDSDXVDGUDPi
WLFDSDUDURPSHUODSDODEUDDÀQGHH[SUHVDUHOVHQWLGRGHOWpUPLQR
0XVLFDOPHQWHHTXLYDOHDOXVRVHPiQWLFRGHODWpFQLFDGHOKRTXHWXV
,,-RUQDGDF
©«QLHODOLHQWRQLODYR]ODYLGDQLHODOPDSXHGRXVDU«ªXVR
GHSDXVDVGUDPiWLFDVFRQODPLVPDIXQFLyQGHOHMHPSORDQWHULRUHQ
XQFRQWH[WRPiVDPSOLR,,-RUQDGDF
/DGHFRUDWLRYHUERUXPQRHVXQÀQHQVtPLVPRFRPRVHKDGLFKRPiVDUUL
EDSHURWDPSRFRHVWDEOHFHVLPSOHPHQWHXQRVSXQWRVGHVWDFDGRVGHUHIHUHQFLD
VHPiQWLFD VLQR TXH VX IXQFLyQ VH SURGXFH GHQWUR GH OD FRKHUHQFLD SURSLD GH
ODP~VLFDHQXQGLVFXUVRTXHÁX\HFRQWRGDODQDWXUDOLGDGGHODSURSXHVWD6L
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
QRIXHUDDVtQRVHQFRQWUDUtDPRVVyORDQWHXQFDUL]H[FODPDWLYRRGHtFWLFRTXH
URPSHUtDHOHTXLOLEULRHQHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHOFRPSOHMRWH[WRP~VLFD$VLPLVPR
HVWDQDWXUDOLGDGGHOOHQJXDMHPXVLFDOQRHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHODPHUDUHJXODULGDG
HQODVIUDVHVRGHXQDSURSXHVWDVLPSOHTXHFRORFDUDHOWH[WRHQXQSURFHVRGH
UHYHVWLPLHQWRPHOyGLFRFDVLDXWRPiWLFRQRKD\HQWRGDODREUDQLXQPRPHQWR
HQHOTXHHOFRPSRVLWRUQRGHQRWHXWLOL]DUFRQPHWLFXORVLGDG\SURSLHGDGHVWRV
UHFXUVRVGHVGHODFRUUHFFLyQSURVyGLFDKDVWDORVPiVWUXFXOHQWRVSURFHGLPLHQWRV
UHWyULFRV
(VWUXFWXUDOPHQWH&HORVDXQGHODLUHPDWDQXWLOL]DFRPRPpWRGRGHRUJDQL
]DFLyQLQWHUQDODDJUXSDFLyQGHVHFWRUHVQDUUDWLYRVHQWUHHOHPHQWRVUHSHWLWLYRV
OODPDGRVULWRUQHOOLHQODP~VLFDLWDOLDQDDTXtHOULWRUQHOORQRHVLQVWUXPHQWDO
VLQRYRFDO³FRQUHYHVWLPLHQWRLQVWUXPHQWDODOPHQRVGHOEDMRFRQWLQXR³
SHURFRQODPLVPDPLVLyQGDUXQLGDGDODREUDSDUWLHQGRGHOFOiVLFRHMHUFLFLR
GH OD PHPRULD LODWLYD TXH VLUYH SDUD XQLU ODUJRV IUDJPHQWRV GHO GLVFXUVR WH[
WXDOGUDPiWLFR(OORSHUPLWHDODYH]YDULDUODP~VLFDHQHOWUDQVFXUVRGHORV
LQWHUVWLFLRV WH[WXDOHV FRQ OR FXDO VH ORJUD HO GLItFLO HTXLOLEULR KRUDFLDQR HQWUH
ODXQLGDG\ODYDULHGDG3RUHMHPSORHOSULPHUULWRUQHOOR£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXH
OOD«WLHQHDSDUHFHHQHOFRPSiVGHOD,-RUQDGD\VXSUHVHQFLDVHSURGXFH
LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWHHQRFDVLRQHVGLVWULEXLGDVDORODUJRGHFRPSDVHVPiV
KDVWD HO F GLFKR ULWRUQHOOR HV HO WHPD & \ VX SUHVHQFLD VLUYH SDUD XQLU
ODGLYHUVLÀFDFLyQWHPiWLFDLQWHUQDTXHSDUWH'\OOHJDKDVWD/RFKRSHTXHxDV
XQLGDGHV WHPiWLFDV GLIHUHQWHV HQWUH Vt H LQWHUUHODFLRQDGDV SRU OD DFFLyQ GHO
ULWRUQHOOR9pDQVHPiVDGHODQWHORVFXDGURVVLQySWLFRV
$ORODUJRGHODySHUDDSDUHFHQORVGLH]VLJXLHQWHVULWRUQHOOL
7tWXOR
$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD
9HWHSXHVVLQRHVSHUDV
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRU
9HQLGPRUDGRUHVGH/LGLD
3XHVODYLFWRULDPD\RU
4XHQRHPLHQGDDODPDU
4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORV
*XDUGDODÀHUD
9HQ$XUDYHQ
4XHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV
7HPD
&
+
<
$
)
0
,
R
3
8
-RUQDGD
,
,
,
,,
,,
,,
,,,
,,,
,,,
,,,
([WHQVLyQ
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
7HPDVDEDUFDGRV
'/
,f
:=
%'
*.
f8
+-.
>/8@
2R
3
9<
/RVFXDWURPDQXVFULWRVGH&HORV«FRQRFLGRVKDVWDHOPRPHQWRVyORFRQWLHQHQODSDUWHYRFDO
\ HO EDMR FRQWLQXR OyJLFDPHQWH OD ySHUD VH UHSUHVHQWy FRQ LQVWUXPHQWRV FX\DV SDUWLFHOODV QR VH KDQ
FRQVHUYDGR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
-XDQ +LGDOJR GHPXHVWUD FRQRFHU HVWD SUiFWLFD GH OD ySHUD LWDOLDQD
HVSHFLDOPHQWH GHVGH 0RQWHYHUGL FX\R 2UIHR RIUHFH PXFKRV SDUDOHOLVPRV GH
WUDWDPLHQWR WHPiWLFR FRQ &HORV« KDVWD &DYDOOL \ OD ySHUD QDSROLWDQD GH VX
WLHPSRTXHHUDWDPELpQHOGH+LGDOJR(QDOJXQDVRFDVLRQHVHOULWRUQHOORPXGD
VXRUJDQL]DFLyQPRQyGLFDHQSROLIyQLFDWDPELpQDOHVWLORGHODySHUDLWDOLDQD
GHO;9,,SH$KLFDVRDFHUERGHO,$FWRGHO2UIHRGH0RQWHYHUGLWDOHVHO
FDVRGH,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRU3XHVODYLFWRULDPD\RU4XHVLHODLUH
GLHUHFHORV9HQ$XUDYHQ\4XHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV6LQHPEDUJRODXWLOL]DFLyQ
GH HVWRV SURFHGLPLHQWRV WDPELpQ VH REVHUYDQ HQ JUDQ SDUWH GH OD P~VLFD GH
URPDQFH GH OD VHJXQGD PLWDG GHO VLJOR ;9,, FRPR IUXWR GH OD FDSDFLGDG GH
H[SHULPHQWDFLyQ LQWHUQD GH ORV FRPSRVLWRUHV KLVSiQLFRV GH HVWD pSRFD KDVWD
HO SXQWR GH SRGHU DÀUPDU UD]RQDEOHPHQWH TXH VLQ OD ODERU FRQWLQXDGD HQ OD
FRPSRVLFLyQGHHVWDVPLFURIRUPDVQRVHSRGUtDKDEHUDERUGDGRFRQp[LWRODGH
ORVJpQHURVPiVFRPSOHMRVFRPRHORUDWRULR\ODySHUD1RVFRQVWDTXHODIDPD
GHORVWRQRVGH+LGDOJROOHJyD)UDQFLDJUDFLDVDODDGPLUDFLyQGHPRVWUDGDSRU
DOJXQRVP~VLFRVIUDQFHVHVHQXQYLDMHUHDOL]DGRD0DGULGHQ
/DGLVWULEXFLyQGHHVWRVULWRUQHOOLHVPX\VLPpWULFDFRUUHVSRQGLHQGRWUHVD
FDGDXQDGHODV-RUQDGDVDXQTXHODWHUFHUDUHJLVWUDGRVGLIHUHQFLDVUHVSHFWRD
ODVGRVDQWHULRUHVHQSULPHUOXJDUSRVHHXQULWRUQHOORPiV*XDUGDODÀHUD
TXHGHKHFKRIRUPDSDUWHGHXQDDULDHVWUyÀFD\DEDUFDPX\SRFRVFRPSDVHV
ÀQDOPHQWHRWURGHORVULWRUQHOOL4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVFHORVDXQGHODLUH
PDWDQ TXH FRQWLHQH OD GLYLVD GH OD ySHUD DGTXLHUH XQ H[WUDRUGLQDULR YDORU
VLPEyOLFRSRUHQFLPDGHWRGRVORVGHPiVDODSDUHFHURWUDYH]FDVLQRYHFLHQWRV
FRPSDVHVPiVWDUGHHQODPXHUWHGH3URFULVFRQVXUHSHWLFLyQLPSHQVDGDHQHO
PRPHQWRPiViOJLGRGHODySHUDFDOGHURQLDQDDGTXLHUHXQDHVSHFLDOUHOHYDQFLD
DOFHUUDUHOFLFORGUDPiWLFR\UHWyULFR
/DREUDFRQWLHQHWDPELpQXQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHDULDVHVWUyÀFDVTXHVHFRP
ELQDQFRQORVULWRUQHOOLDÀQGHFRQVHJXLUODVXÀFLHQWHGLYHUVLGDGHVWLOtVWLFDHQ
OD P~VLFD GH URPDQFH HVSDxROD VLHPSUH KDEtD HVWH JpQHUR ODV FRSODV TXH VH
HQFXHQWUDQHQFDGDXQRGHORVGRVJUDQGHVHVTXHPDVHOYLOODQFLFR(VWULELOOR
&RSODV\HOURPDQFH5RPDQFH>LH©FRSODVª@5HVSRQVLyQODVFRSODVVRQHO
HOHPHQWR LQHUWH GH DPERV PRGHORV DO UHSHWLU OD PLVPD PHORGtD FRQ GLVWLQWRV
WH[WRV SHUR HQ FDPELR GDEDQ SLH D OD RSRUWXQLGDG GH YDULDU RUQDPHQWDU \
DFRPSDxDUGHPDQHUDGLYHUVDWHQGLHQGRDUHFRQYHUWLUVXDSDUHQWHÀMDFLyQHQ
)UDQoRLV%pUWDXWFRQRFLyD+LGDOJRHQ0DGULGHQGLFLHPEUHGHGLFHGHpO©>«@TXLIDLW
GHVDLUVWUqVDJUHDEOHVTXLMRXsWUqVELHQGHOD+DUSH,OP·HQGRQQDTXHOTXHVXQVª&I/-DPERX
©/HVUpSUHVHQWDWLRQVGHODPXVLTXHHVSDJQROHGDQVOHVpFULWVIUDQoDLVGX;9,,VqFOHGHODVWDWLVWLTXHj
ODPHWKDSKRUHªHQeFKDQJHVPXVLFDX[IUDQFRHVSDJQROV;9,,H;,;HVLqFOHV$FWHVGHV5HQFRQWUHVGH
9LOOHFUR]HDXRFWREUHUpXQLVSDU)UDQoRLV/HVXUH3DULV.OLQFNVLHFNSiJV
HQFRQFUHWRSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
XQDFRQWLQXDYDULDFLyQORPLVPRFDEHGHFLUGHORVRVWLQDWLTXHHUDQODSUiFWLFD
FRP~QHQWRGDOD(XURSDGHODpSRFD
/DVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVFRUDOHVVRQEUHYHV\IXQFLRQDOHVKDELWXDOPHQWHXVDQOD
KRPRIRQtDDXQTXHGHYH]HQFXDQGRDSDUHFHQVXFLQWRVGLVHxRVGHFRQWUDSXQWR
LPLWDWLYRSDUDHQULTXHFHUHOOHQJXDMH/DKRPRIRQtDSHUPLWtDHQWHQGHUSHUIHFWD
PHQWHHOWH[WR\HQORVPRPHQWRVFXOPLQDQWHV³HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHOLQFHQGLRGHO
WHPSORGH'LDQDDOÀQDOGHODVHJXQGDMRUQDGD³DSDUHFHXQGREOHFRURIRUPDGR
SRUGRVJUXSRVGHFXDWURYRFHVFDGDXQRTXHHVWDEOHFHQXQGLiORJRSROLFRUDO
VLJXLHQGRODWpFQLFDGHORVFRULVSH]]DWLLQLFLDGRVHQOD9HQHFLDGHÀQDOHVGHO
V;9,\SUDFWLFDGRVHQ(VSDxDGHVGHHQWRQFHVKDVWDÀQDOHVGHOEDUURFR
&RQHVWHHVWXGLRKHTXHULGRSRQHUVLPSOHPHQWHGHPDQLÀHVWRORVSULQFLSDOHV
LQJUHGLHQWHVTXHVHFRPELQDQHQ&HORVDXQGHODLUHPDWDQ(VQHFHVDULRLQWHJUDU
ORVHQXQPLVPRSURFHVRSDUDOOHJDUDOQ~FOHRTXHHOSRHWD\HOP~VLFRLGHDURQ
ODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHODySHUDFRQFULWHULRVDELHUWRVYLYRV\HQULTXHFHGRUHV
$1(;26
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD3ULPHUD,
3HUVRQDMHV
,QFLSLWOLWHUDULR
7HPD
(VWUXWXUD0HWUR
352&5,6
&252D
$85$
352&5,6
&252D
$85$
352&5,6
&252D
$85$
',$1$
',$1$DO
$85$
&e)&/$5',$1$
',$1$
',$1$
&e)$/2
',$1$
&e)$/2
',$1$
&e)',$1
&e)$/2
(VWDKHUPRVD'LDQDF
<HQIRUPDGHTXHUHOODF
£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD«F
(UyVWUDWRXQSDVWRUF
/DYRWDGDSXUH]DF
£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD«F
$QRFKHFXDQGRHQVRPEUDVF
<FRPRDpOQRSXHGDQF
£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD«F
'HVFXEULGODODFDUDF
6DFUtOHJDKHUPRVXUDF
£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD«F
*HPLGRHVGHPXMHUF
£2KW~H[WUDQMHURMRYHQF
9HWHSXHVVLQRHVSHUDVF
(QFXDQWRDTXHH[WUDQMHURF
9LHQGRTXHPiVDUULHVJDVF
5HFRQR]FRHOSHOLJURF
6HJ~QHVWRD~QLQWHQWDVF
(QVXGHIHQVDVtF
/DWHPSODGDFXFKLOODF
$
%
&
$
%
&
$
%
&
'
(
&
)
*
+
,
+
,
+
-
.
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
+RPRIRQtDD&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
+RPRIRQtDD
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
+RPRIRQtDD
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
5HF&
5HF&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
5HF&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
&e)$/2
',$1&e)
$85$
&/$5DO
$85$
&252D
352&5,6
$85$
&XPSOLUpDPEDVGHXGDVF
3RUPiVTXHJHQHURVRF
£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD«F
$SiUWDWHVHxRUF
£$\LQIHOL]GHDTXHOOD«F
(QDLUHFRQYHUWLGDF
&RPR9HQXVGHODJXDF
1R\DLQIHOL]GHDTXHOODF
+
/
&
0
+
f
,
+
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
5HF&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
5HF&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
+RPRIRQtDD
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF5LWRUQHOOR&
2
3
4
5D&E&
6
5D&E&
7
5E&
8
5D&E&
9
:
;
<
:
<
=
<
=$
<
=%
:
<
:
<
5HF&
5HF&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyI
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD
5HF&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD
5HF&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
$
$·
$··
+RPRIRQtDD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
+RPRIRQtDD
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD3ULPHUD,,
',$1$DO
(5Ð6W5Ô67
5Ô67,&2
(5Ð675Ô67
',$)/25867
)/2',$1
5Ô67,&2
5Ô67',$
',$1$
)/25(7$
5Ô67)/2352&
&e)352&
&/$5)/2$85$
$85$
352&&e)
$85$
352&&e)
$85$
352&&e)
$85$
352&&e)
352&&e)
$85$35&e)
&/$5)/2
&252D
(VWHDOHYHH[WUDQMHURF
<DTXHGHMRHVSDUFLGDF
3HUVLJXLHQGRODVÀHUDVF
&DOODTXHQRTXLHURRLUF
¢1RUHVSRQGHV"F
<RVHxRUD«FXDQGR«F
£2KPXMHUPtD«F
&RQHOYDORUF
GHXQYLOODQRFRQVXPXHUWHF
(OODSHQVyTXHHUDEREDF
<DTXH'LDQDVHIXHF
$XQTXHYHQJDUWHGHOVXVWRF
<XVWHGHQDTXHVWHDOFi]DUF
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUF
¢4XpPXHUWDYR]£D\GHPÌ«F
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUF
3RUTXHGLJRTXHVHTXHGHF
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUF
3HURVLVHIXHYHUpF
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUF
<RDGHFLUWHTXHVLTXHGDVF
¢1RWHYDV"F
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUF
¢<ORVGRVHQTXpTXHGDPRV"F
,QVSLUHVXDYHHODXUDGHDPRUF
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD6HJXQGD,
&252D
62/2
&252D
Anterior
9HQLGPRUDGRUHVGH/LGLDF
9HQLG\WUD\HQGR«F
9HQLGTXHKR\GHPDU]RF
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
(5Ð67
(5Ð67
&252D
&e)&/$5
&e)$/2
&252D
&/$55Ô67
&252D
&252D
',$1$
&252D
(5y671,1)$
1,1)$&252
&e)352&
&e)&252
352&5,6
&e)&252
&/$5Ô6W)/2
&/$&252
&252D
&252D
',$1$
$85$
&252D
',$1$
3XHV\DHOGtDDPDQHFLyF
9HQLG\WHMLHQGRF
9HQLGTXHKR\GHPDU]RF
6LJXH&ODUtQHVWDWURSDF
9HQLG\PH]FODQGRF
9HQLGTXHKR\GHPDU]RF
<DTXHKDELHQGRGHVHJXLUF
9HQLGPRUDGRUHVGH/LGLDF
9HQLG\WUD\HQGRF
5~VWLFRVPRUDGRUHVF
3XHVODYLFWRULDPD\RUF
0LVREHUELDHOSULPHUR«F
0XHUDHODPRU\YLYDHOROYLGRF
&REDUGHDKDEODUODOOHJRF
0XHUDHODPRU\YLYDHOROYLGRF
'HD]XFHQD\URVDIXHUDF
0XHUDHODPRU\YLYDHOROYLGRF
(VWUDIDODULDEHOGDGF
0XHUDHODPRU\YLYDHOROYLGRF
7RGRVGHQXHVWURHMHUFLFLRF
<WRGDVODVDFHSWDPRVF
<RSURSLFLDDYXHVWUR«F
9LYDHODPRU\PXHUDHOROYLGRF
$QDGLHYHPRVF
3XHVWHR\HQ\QRWHYHQF
%
$·
$··
&
$·
$··
'
$
$···
(
)
*
I
+
I
,
I
-
I
.
N
/
I
N
0
5HF&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD
+RPRIRQtDD
5HF&&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD
$ULDHVWUyÀFD
5HF&&
+RPRIRQtD
+RPRIRQtD
5HF&
+RPRI5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
0RQRG+RPRI5LWRUQ
5HF&&
0RQRG+RPRI5LWRUQ
5HF&
0RQRG+RPRI5LWRUQ
5HF&
0RQRG+RPRI5LWRUQ
+RPRIRQtDD
+RPRIRQtDD
5HF&
0RQRG+RPRI5LWRUQ
+RPRIRQtD
5HF&
f
2
f
3
f
N
4
N
5
f
6
7
8
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
+RPRIRQtD
5HF&
+RPRIRQtD
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyI'LiORJ&
5HF&
f
9
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD6HJXQGD,,
$85$
$85$
$85$
',$1$DO
',$1$
&252D
5Ô67DO
&252D
352&&e)
&e)$/2
352&&e)
&e)352&
352&5,6
352&&e)
)/25DO
Anterior
4XHQRHQPLHQGDDODPDUF
1RSXHVGHLQJUDWDEODVRQHVF
3XHVQRHQPLHQGDDODPDUF
7UDLFLyQHQHOWHPSRKD\F
TXHHQPLHQGDDODPDUF
+X\DPRVWRGRVF
+X\DPRV(VRQRF
3XHVKHPRVTXHGDGRF
'HFtVELHQ&
3RUTXHQRHQPLHQGDDODPDUF
6t0DVYRV¢FyPRDTXtVROR«F
¢&ULVWDOHVQRHVFXFKiVWHLV"F
,GRVSXHVTXHVLHQWRUXLGRF
4XHVLHQGRFRQVWDQWH«
QRHQPLHQGDDODPDUF
(OWHPSORFLHUUDQF
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
&e)&/$5
'HQWUR*HQWH
&e)$/2
'HQWUR*HQWH
(5Ð67DO
'HQWUR*HQWH
&e)&/$5
&252D
$85$&e)
&252D
$85$
&252D
352&&e)$85$
&252D
&ODUtQ¢GHTXpGDVYRFHV"F
£)XHJRF
3HUR¢TXpFRQIXVDVYRFHVF
£)XHJR)XHJRF
/RJUyVHPLDWUHYLPLHQWRF
£)XHJR)XHJR)XHJRF
(OWHPSORHVHOTXHVHDEUDVDF
0RUDGRUHVGHHVWRVULVFRVF
$XQTXHPiVDFXGiLVWRGRVF
£)XHJR£4XHPHDKRJRF
$SHVDUGHVXVFODPRUHVF
£)XHJRF
£$\LQIHOLFHGHPtF
£4XHPHPXHUR«F
9
9
:
:
;
<
;
<
;
<
;
5HF&
*ULWRV,
5HF&
*ULWRV,,
5HF&
*ULWRV,,,
5HF&
+RPRI'LiORJ&RQWUL
5HF&
+RPRI'LiORJ&RQWUL
5HF&
+RPRI'LiORJ&RQWUL
5HF&
+RPRI'LiORJ&RQWUL
$
$·
$
$·
$
%
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
+
,
,
+
-
,
+
,
+
.
+
.
+
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
,G'LiO&RQWULPLW
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
,G'LiO&RQWULPLW
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
5HF&&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
5HF&&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&&
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD7HUFHUD,
',$1$
0(-(5$DO
',$1$DO
',$1$DO
7(6Ì)21(
352&5,6
&e)$/2
352&5,6
&e)$/2
352&&/$5
&/$5Ì1
352&)/2
$/(&7DO
352&5,6
,GHWDO
&252D
(5Ð675
(5Ð675
(5Ð675
&252D
(5Ð675
&252D
(5Ð675Ô67
5Ô67
(5Ð675Ô67
5Ô67
5Ô67(5Ð67
Anterior
<DTXHDTXHVWHSHxDVFRF
7~YHUiVTXHREHGLHQWHVF
3XHVDQWHVGHOGtDF
$ODVDJUDGDHVIHUDF
<SXHVVR\ODSULPHUDF
0LELHQPLVHxRUF
3XHVPLHVSRVDF
'HOGHVPD\RGHOVXVWRF
+HUPRVD3URFULVPtDF
(VFXFKD&ODUtQF
6yORVpTXHHQODFDPSDxDF
(VSHUDW~LQIDPHF
<DHVWLHPSRF
4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVF
6tJXHPHSXHVF
4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVF
©4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVªF
6HJ~QORTXHDPtPHSDVDF
&RQPLJRVHGHEHGHKDEODUF
4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVF
¢4XLpQGXGDF
4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVF
+DFLDDOOtODYR]VHR\yF
,PDJLQHVXPHUFpF
£5~VWLFR(VRHVEXHQRF
$JRUDORFRQRFtF
0DV¢TXpHVORTXHSDVD"F
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
5(7Ð5,&$<(6758&785$6086,&$/(6(1/$Ð3(5$'(3('52&$/'(5Ð1«
&252D
5Ô67,&2
&e)$/2
&/$5Ì1
&e)$/2
$85$
&e)$/2
352&5,6
352&5,6
352&5,6
352&5,6
352&5,6
4XHVLHODLUHGLHUHFHORVF
9D\DQRUDEXHQDF
$TXt&ODUtQTXHGDF
¢3RVLEOHHVTXHHQFXEUDV«F
3RUTXHQRSUHVXPDVF
6LHPSUHTXHDQVLRVRF
$XQDKRUDSDUHFHF
©3URFULVSRUTXLHQPXHUR«F
£2KQXQFD)ORUHWDF
(VSHUDDPDQWHWUDLGRU
0DV¢TXpHVORTXHKDJR"F
4XHDXQTXHFREDUGHHOWHPRUF
,
/
0
/
0
/
0
P
1
f
1
f
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
,G,,PLHPEUR
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
2
2
2
2
2
3
S
3
SD
3
SE
3
SF
3
SG
3
SH
3
SI
3
SJ
3
SK
+RPRIRQtD
4
5
5
U
5
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD7HUFHUD,,
&/$5)/2
5Ô67&252D
5Ô67)/2
)/2&252D
)/2&252D
&e)$/2
352&5,6
&e)$/2
&e)$/2
&e)$/2
$85$
&e)$/2
&e)$/2
&e)$/2
352&5,6
&e)$/2
&e)$/2
&e)$/2
$85$352&
&e)$/2
,G&252D
$85352&&e)
&252D
(5Ð675
&e)HWDO
352&5,6
352&5,6
&e)$/2
Anterior
'RV]DJDODVYHQtDQF
2LJDEXVWHG*XDUGDODÀHUDF
3XHVSRUPtORGLFHQF
¢4XpKDUp"*XDUGDODÀHUDF
6HJ~QYR\«*XDUGDODÀHUDF
3XHVSRUJR]DUWXIDYRUF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
©¢9HQ$XUDYHQªGLMR"F
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ\HQFURPiWLFRVWDOHVF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
©¢9HQ$XUDYHQ"ªF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ\FRQFOiXVXODVVXPDVF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ\SRUTXHODDUPRQtDF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
9HQ$XUD*XDUGDODÀHUDF
9HQ$XUDYHQF
'HORIUDJRVRGHOPRQWHF
£4XpDQVLDF
%UXWRKRUURU«F
6tSHUR¢TXpHQPLHQGD«F
4XHVLHODLUH«F
([SLUyODOX]SXUDGHOVROF
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
5HF2
5HF&&
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
Inicio Índice
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
7(6HWDO
5Ô67&/$
',$1$&252D
'HLGDGGHQXEHVF
¢4XpHVORTXHPLURVHxRUHV"F
£9LYDODGHLGDGF
6
5
7
5HF&
5HF&&
+RPRI'LiORJRD
8
X
9
XD
9
XE
:
9
XF
;
<
XG
5HF&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQHOOR
5HF&
$ULDHVWUyÀFD&
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
5HF&
&(/26$81'(/$,5(0$7$1
-RUQDGD7HUFHUD,,,
$85$
$85$
$85$
&e)352&
$85$
,G&e)352&
',$1$
&252D
6XVSHQGHGORVDFHQWRVF
TXHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV«F
<SXHVTXHQLQIDGHODLUHF
TXHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV«F
<DVt9HQXVDPLUXHJRF
TXHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV«F
)HOL]\R3URFULV«F
6XELGFRQPLJRORVGRVF
TXHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV«F
8QDYH]YHQJDGD\RF
&RQTXHGLUHPRVWRGRV«F
TXHDXQTXHVRQQREOHV«F
5HF&5LWRUQ&WSLPLW
)5$1&(6&%21$675(
8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH%DUFHORQD
%DUFHORQDDEULOGH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17(
(1(/7($752%5(9('(),1(6'(/6,*/2;9,,
5(3(5725,2<352&(',0,(1726
$SDUWLUGHODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,,pSRFDHQTXHJUDQSDUWHGHOD
DFWLYLGDGWHDWUDOPDGULOHxDVHWUDVODGDDO&ROLVHRGHO%XHQ5HWLUR\WDPELpQPR
PHQWRGHDXJHGHJpQHURVFRPROD]DU]XHOD\ODySHUDFRPLHQ]DQDSURGXFLUVH
PRGLÀFDFLRQHVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVHQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOWHDWUREUHYHUHSUHVHQWDGR
HQHVHiPELWR
/RVHQWUHPHVHVEDLOHVGUDPiWLFRVRPRMLJDQJDVGHVWLQDGRVDVHUUHSUHVHQ
WDGRVHQODFRUWHSHUGLHURQHQJUDQSDUWHHOFDUiFWHUVDWtULFR\FRVWXPEULVWDTXH
OHV HUD SURSLR GDQGR OXJDU D REUDV GH WRQR FRUWHVDQR (Q HVWH UHSHUWRULR OD
FUtWLFD VRFLDO OD ViWLUD \ HO JURWHVFR IXHURQ UHHPSOD]DGRV SRU VLWXDFLRQHV TXH
SRGtDQSURYRFDUVyORXQDVRQULVDODGHVFULSFLyQGHFRVWXPEUHVGLRSDVRDORV
WHPDVDPRURVRVPLHQWUDVTXHHOUHSHUWRULRGHSHUVRQDMHVFDPELySRUSDVWRUHV
LGHDOL]DGRVGLRVHVRGDPDV\JDODQHVFRUWHVDQRV6LQHPEDUJRHOFDPELRPiV
VLJQLÀFDWLYRHVWXYRHQHOOXJDUSURWDJyQLFRTXHODP~VLFD\ODGDQ]DSDVDURQ
DRFXSDUHQHVWDVREUDVKDVWDHOSXQWRHQTXHHQWUHPHVHVEDLOHVGUDPiWLFRV
4XLHURDJUDGHFHUDORVSURIHVRUHV)ORUHQFLR6HYLOOD\%HJRxD/RORODLQYLWDFLyQDSDUWLFLSDUHQ
HVWDHGLFLyQGHO6HPLQDULR,QWHUQDFLRQDO(GDGGH2URDVtFRPRDOSURIHVRU5DIDHO%HOWUiQVXDPDELOtVLPR
JHVWRDOHQYLDUPHD%XHQRV$LUHVXQHMHPSODUGHODHGLFLyQGH(O&DQoRQHUPXVLFDOG·2QWLQ\HQW
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
RÀQHVGHÀHVWDVHWUDQVIRUPDURQHQSHTXHxRVGUDPDVPXVLFDOHVHQWHUDPHQWH
FDQWDGRV\GDQ]DGRV
(QVXPD\RUSDUWHODP~VLFDGHHVWRVLQWHUPHGLRVQRIXHFRPSXHVWDHVSHFLDO
PHQWHSDUDHOORVVLQRTXHP~VLFRV\GUDPDWXUJRVUHXWLOL]DURQP~VLFD\DH[LVWHQWH
DODTXHVRPHWtDQDPRGLÀFDFLRQHVSDUDDGDSWDUODDOWH[WRGUDPiWLFR
(OREMHWLYRGHQXHVWURWUDEDMRHVHOGHDQDOL]DUHOUHSHUWRULRPXVLFDOTXHSUH
VHQWDQORVGLIHUHQWHVJpQHURVGHOWHDWUREUHYHFRUWHVDQRSRQLHQGRDWHQFLyQDOD
SURFHGHQFLDGHHVWDP~VLFDTXHVH©WRPDEDSUHVWDGDªDVtFRPRDORVGLIHUHQWHV
SURFHVRVGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQ\UHDGDSWDFLyQDODTXHIXHVRPHWLGDSDUDVXLQFOXVLyQ
HQHOWH[WRGUDPiWLFR
/$ 5(87,/,=$&,Ð1 '( 0$7(5,$/ 086,&$/ 35((;,67(17( (1 (/ 7($752 %5(9(
/DUHXWLOL]DFLyQGHPDWHULDOSUHH[LVWHQWHIXHXQSULQFLSLRFUHDWLYRFDUDFWH
UtVWLFRGHODUWHGHOEDUURFRHQJHQHUDOUHXWLOL]DFLyQTXHGHWRGDVPDQHUDVQR
GHEHUtDHQWHQGHUVHFRPRPHUDUHSHWLFLyQ(QJHQHUDOORVWH[WRVGHODVFDQFLRQHV
LQFOXLGDV HQ ORV LQWHUPHGLRV WHDWUDOHV SUHVHQWDQ FRQVLGHUDEOHV GLIHUHQFLDV FRQ
UHVSHFWRDORVSUHH[LVWHQWHVSRUORTXHUHVXOWDHYLGHQWHTXHORVGUDPDWXUJRVQR
VHPRVWUDEDQFRDFFLRQDGRVSRUODGLIXVLyQRHOSUHVWLJLRTXHDFRPSDxDEDQDO
PDWHULDOTXHXWLOL]DEDQ\ORWUDQVIRUPDEDQOLEUHPHQWH
6H UHFXUUtD WDO FRPR OR KD HVWXGLDGR 0DUJLW )UHQN D OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH
PDWHULDO WDQWR GH RULJHQ SRSXODU FRPR FXOWR ³FDQFLRQHV UHIUDQHV R URPDQ
FHV³ FRPR XQD IRUPD GH FDSWXUDU \ UHYDORUL]DU OD WUDGLFLyQ SRpWLFRPXVLFDO
6HJ~QSDODEUDVGH&RWDUHORHVWRVFDPELRVIXHURQSURGXFLGRVSRUORVGUDPDWXUJRVFRQHO~QLFR
ÀQGHLQWURGXFLUXQDPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHP~VLFD\GDQ]DORTXHVHJ~QpOPDUFyODGHFDGHQFLDGHOJpQHUR
(PLOLR&RWDUHOR\0RUL&ROHFFLyQGHHQWUHPHVHVORDVEDLOHVMiFDUDV\PRMLJDQJDVGHVGHÀQHVGHOVLJOR
;9,DPHGLDGRVGHO;9,,,0DGULG%DLOO\%DLOOLqUH%LEOLRWHFDGH$XWRUHV(VSDxROHVYRO,SiJV
FF[[LLLLL(QUHDOLGDGHOOXJDUSURWDJyQLFRTXHSDVyDRFXSDUODP~VLFDHQHOWHDWUREUHYHFRUWHVDQRWLHQH
RWUDVFDXVDVPiVIXHUWHVTXHHOPHURFDSULFKRGHORVGUDPDWXUJRVRODGHFDGHQFLDGHOJHQHUR(OWHDWUR
EUHYHGHVWLQDGRDVHUUHSUHVHQWDGRHQODFRUWHWRPyFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGLIHUHQWHVSRUTXHGHELyDGHFXDUVHD
XQQXHYRFRQWH[WRGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHOSDODFLR\DXQWLSRGHS~EOLFRSDUWLFXODUFRPRODIDPLOLDUHDO\
ODVRFLHGDGFRUWHVDQD$VtSRUWDQWRHOWUDVODGRGHJpQHURVGUDPiWLFRVRULJLQDULDPHQWHSRSXODUHVFRPR
HQWUHPHVHVEDLOHVGUDPiWLFRVRPRMLJDQJDVDXQHQWRUQRFRUWHVDQRVXSXVR XQDQHFHVDULDDGDSWDFLyQ
SDUD TXH pVWRV FXPSOLHUDQ FRQ HO GHFRUR TXH H[LJH XQ iPELWR WDQ SDUWLFXODU (VWH KD VLGR XQR GH ORV
DUJXPHQWRV FHQWUDOHV GH QXHVWUD WHVLV GH GRFWRUDGR SRU OR TXH UHPLWLPRV D HOOD9pDVH 6XVDQD$QWyQ
3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]DHQHOWHDWUREUHYHHVSDxROUHSUHVHQWDGRHQODFRUWHHQWUH\$QiOLVLV
GH VX IXQFLyQ HQ HQWUHPHVHV EDLOHV GUDPiWLFRV \ PRMLJDQJDV 2YLHGR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 2YLHGR 7HVLV'RFWRUDOLQpGLWDYRO,FDS,,
&UHHPRVQHFHVDULRDFODUDUTXHHQHOWHDWUREUHYHQRVyORVHUHXWLOL]DEDP~VLFDSUHH[LVWHQWHVLQR
TXHWDPELpQVHFRPSRQtDQSDUWLWXUDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDHVWRVLQWHUPHGLRVDXQTXHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWR
UHVXOWyPHQRVIUHFXHQWHTXHHOGHODUHXWLOL]DFLyQ9pDVH6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«YRO
,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
GH pSRFDV SDVDGDV *UDQ SDUWH GH OD P~VLFD GH ODV FRPHGLDV \ WDPELpQ GHO
WHDWUREUHYHIXHWRPDGDGHXQUHSHUWRULRELHQFRQRFLGRSRUHOS~EOLFR\HUDQ
LQFRUSRUDGDV DO WH[WR WHDWUDO OXHJR GH XQD DGHFXDGD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ R GH OD
LQFRUSRUDFLyQGHQXHYRVHOHPHQWRVDSRUWDGRVSRUHOGUDPDWXUJRGDQGRFRPR
UHVXOWDGRXQQXHYRSURGXFWR
(OSURFHVRGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQEULQGDEDXQJUDQVHUYLFLRDORVP~VLFRV\GUDPD
WXUJRVVREUHWRGRHQHOFDVRGHOWHDWUREUHYHSXHVWRTXHRIUHFtDJUDQIDFLOLGDG
SDUDGHÀQLUUiSLGDPHQWHHODUJXPHQWRGHOLQWHUPHGLRDVtFRPRSDUDFDUDFWHUL]DU
DORVSHUVRQDMHVRVLWXDUHOOXJDUGHODDFFLyQ(OHVSHFWDGRUFRQODVRODFLWD
GHXQUHIUiQXQQRPEUHWUDGLFLRQDORXQDFDQFLyQFRQRFLGD0DUL]iSDORVSRU
HMHPSORHQFRQWUDEDGHIRUPDUiSLGD\HIHFWLYDODPDQHUDGHGHFRGLÀFDUODWUDPD
TXHVHOHSUHVHQWDEDHQHVFHQD
(OSURFHGLPLHQWRVLQHPEDUJRQRVHUYtDSXUDPHQWHDSURSyVLWRVHVWpWLFRV
RGHHVFULWXUD(QHVWHVHQWLGR/i]DUR&DUUHWHUKDDÀUPDGRTXHODSUiFWLFDGHO
SUpVWDPR \ UHHODERUDFLyQ GH PDWHULDO SUHH[LVWHQWH REHGHFtD D OD QHFHVLGDG GH
ORVFUHDGRUHVGHDSHODUDXQDDXWRULGDGLQWHPSRUDO³ODWUDGLFLyQ³FRPRIRUPD
6HJ~Q0DUJLW)UHQNHVWHSURFHVRHVWpWLFRGHDGRSFLyQ\DGDSWDFLyQGHPDWHULDOSRpWLFRPXVLFDO
GHRULJHQSRSXODUFRPHQ]yDGDUVHHQ(VSDxDKDFLDÀQHVGHOVLJOR;9HQODFRUWHGHORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRV
GRQGHVHKDEUtDFRPHQ]DGRDDSUHFLDUHOYDORUSRpWLFRPXVLFDOGHODSRHVtDSRSXODUHVSDxRODSHUPLWLHQGR
TXHDOJXQRVHOHPHQWRVIRONOyULFRV\SRSXODUHVVHLQÀOWUDUDQHQHOWHUUHQRGHODSRHVtDFRUWHVDQD(ODGRSWDU
ODOtULFDSRSXODUFRPRPDWHULDOSRpWLFRGLFH)UHQNIXHXQDFWRGHOLEHUWDG\XQUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOYDORU
GHHVDRWUDSRHVtD(OSULPHUJUDQWHVWLPRQLRGHHVWHSURFHVRIXHHO&DQFLRQHUR0XVLFDOGH3DODFLRTXH
FRQWLHQHFDQFLRQHVIRONOyULFDVFDVWHOODQDVJDOOHJDVFDWDODQDV\SRUWXJXHVDVDGDSWDGDV\UHHODERUDGDVSRU
ORVP~VLFRVORTXHODVFRQYLHUWHHQREUDVSROLIyQLFDV9pDVH0DUJLW)UHQN(QWUHIRONORUH\OLWHUDWXUD
/tULFDKLVSiQLFDDQWLJXD0p[LFR&ROHJLRGH0p[LFRSiJV\
(QXQWH[WRGUDPiWLFREUHYHUHVXOWDLPSUHVFLQGLEOHTXHHOGUDPDWXUJRUHFXUUDDHOHPHQWRVQR
YHUEDOHVTXHFRODERUHQHQXQDUiSLGDGHÀQLFLyQGHORVSHUVRQDMHVHOOXJDURODVVLWXDFLRQHV7DOFRPROR
KDLQGLFDGR7DGHX].RZ]DQHOYHVWXDULRODHVFHQRJUDItDRHOPDTXLOODMHVLUYHQDHVWHÀQFRQVWLWX\HQGR
©XQ VLVWHPD DXWyQRPR GH VLJQRV QR OLQJtVWLFRV TXH FRODERUDQ FRQ HO OHQJXDMH FRPSOHPHQWiQGRVH \
REUDQGRVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHVREUHHOHVSHFWDGRUSDUDFRPXQLFDUDOJRªHOHPHQWRVDORVFUHHPRVTXHVHGHEH
VXPDUWDPELpQODP~VLFD9pDVH7DGHX].RZ]DQ©(OVLJQRHQHOWHDWUR,QWURGXFFLyQDODVHPLRORJtD
GHODUWHGHOHVSHFWiFXORªHQ$$99(OWHDWUR\VXFULVLVDFWXDO&DUDFDV0RQWHÉYLOD(GLWRUHV
SiJ
(VWH IXH XQ WRQR PX\ SRSXODU GXUDQWH OD VHJXQGD PLWDG GHO VLJOR ;9,, \ HO FRPLHQ]R GHO
;9,,,VXOHWUDQDUUDHOHQFXHQWURHUyWLFRDPRURVRGH0DUL]iSDORVFRQVXHQDPRUDGR3HGUR0DUWtQ(O
EDLOHHVXQDGUDPDWL]DFLyQGHOWH[WRGHOWRQR5HVXOWDPX\FODURTXHHQHVWHFDVRTXHHOS~EOLFRDOHVWDU
IDPLOLDUL]DGRFRQODFDQFLyQFRQRFtDUiSLGDPHQWHDORVSHUVRQDMHV\ODVLWXDFLyQGUDPiWLFDGHODREUD
WHDWUDOSRUORTXHHOGUDPDWXUJRQRQHFHVLWyGHÀQLUHVWRVDVSHFWRVGHOWH[WR8QDHGLFLyQGHHVWHEDLOH
SXHGHYHUVHHQ-DYLHU+XHUWD&DOYR7HDWUREUHYHGHORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,0DGULG7DXUXVUHH
GLWDGRFRPR$QWRORJtDGHOWHDWUREUHYHHVSDxROGHOVLJOR;9,,0DGULG%LEOLRWHFD1XHYDSiJV
(OHGLWRUQRLQGLFDTXpVHFFLRQHVGHOWH[WRHUDQFDQWDGDVORTXHGDODLGHDDOOHFWRUGHTXHOD
REUDHUDUHSUHVHQWDGD\QRWHQtDP~VLFD3RUHOFRQWUDULRHQODHGLFLyQGHHVWHPLVPREDLOHHQQXHVWUD
WHVLVGRFWRUDOVHSXHGHYHUTXHHOEDLOHHUDFDQWDGRHQFDVLVXWRWDOLGDG9pDVH6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR
0~VLFD\GDQ]D«YRO,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
GHFRQÀUPDUORVULWRVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHODFODVHGRPLQDQWHHVGHFLUODVRFLH
GDGFRUWHVDQD3RUHVWRHVTXHUHVXOWDLPSRUWDQWHUHFRQRFHUODSURFHGHQFLDGHO
PDWHULDOPXVLFDOUHXWLOL]DGRFRPRYHUHPRVPiVDGHODQWHORVGUDPDWXUJRVQR
UHFXUUtDQDFXDOTXLHUWLSRGHP~VLFDVLQRDDTXHOODFRPSXHVWDSRUORVP~VLFRV
PiVUHFRQRFLGRVGHOVLJOR;9,,WDOHVFRPR0DWHR5RPHUR-XDQGH+LGDOJRR
&ULVWyEDO*DOiQ
(OSURFHVRGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQQRVHOLPLWDEDDODVLPSOHLQFOXVLyQGHXQWRQRHQ
XQDREUDWHDWUDOFRPRVtRFXUUHHQHOWHDWUREUHYHGHODSULPHUDPLWDGGHVLJOR
VLQRTXHH[LVWLyXQWUDEDMRPXFKRPiVH[KDXVWLYRGHP~VLFRV\GUDPDWXUJRV
(QUHDOLGDGHOWH[WRWHDWUDOGHPXFKRVGHHVWRVHQWUHPHVHVREDLOHVVRQGUDPD
WL]DFLRQHVGHODKLVWRULDFRQWDGDHQODFDQFLyQSUHH[LVWHQWHUHXWLOL]DGD5HVXOWD
HYLGHQWHTXHHOPDWHULDOPXVLFDOWRPDGRHQSUpVWDPRUHVXOWDEDVXPDPHQWHYD
OLRVR\DTXHXQDJUDQSDUWHGHHVWDVREUDVEUHYHVOOHYDQFRPRWtWXORHOPLVPR
GHOWRQRSULQFLSDOTXHVHKDLQFOXLGRHQHOWH[WRGUDPiWLFR
352&('(1&,$ '( /$ 0Ô6,&$ 5(87,/,=$'$ (1 (/ 7($752 %5(9(
$SDUWLUGHOFRUSXVUHXQLGRHQQXHVWUDWHVLVGRFWRUDOKHPRVSRGLGRGLVWLQJXLU
WUHVIRUPDVPXVLFDOHVFRPRODVPiVUHFXUUHQWHVHQHOUHSHUWRULRUHXWLOL]DGRHQ
HOWHDWUREUHYHFRUWHVDQRODVFDQFLRQHVSROLIyQLFDVJHQHUDOPHQWHDFXDWUROD
FDQFLyQDVRORRWRQR\ODFDQWDWDDVROR/DSURFHGHQFLDGHHVWDP~VLFDUHVXOWD
YDULDGD SHUR SXHGHQ GLVWLQJXLUVH GRV IXHQWHV FRPR ODV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV ODV
FRPHGLDV\DXWRVVDFUDPHQWDOHVSRUXQODGR\ORVFDQFLRQHURVSRURWUR
0~VLFDSURYHQLHQWHGHFRPHGLDV
'HQWURGHHVWDFDWHJRUtDSRGHPRVGLVWLQJXLUGRVYDULDQWHV
D 0~VLFD FRPSXHVWD HVSHFLDOPHQWH SDUD XQD FRPHGLD pVWH SRGUtD VHU HO
FDVR GHO WRQR &RQ HO UHWUDWR GH$GRQLV SURYHQLHQWH GH OD FRPHGLD (OHJLU DO
HQHPLJRGH6DOD]DU\7RUUHV\UHXWLOL]DGDHQHO(QWUHPpV\VDLQHWH/DVWRQDGDV
/i]DUR&DUUHWHU©/LWHUDWXUD\IRONORUHHQORVUHIUDQHVªHQ(VWXGLRVGHOLQJtVWLFD%DUFHORQD
&UtWLFDSiJ(QHVWHPLVPRVHQWLGRHOPXVLFyORJR&DUPHOR&DEDOOHURHQVXWUDEDMRVREUHORV
SURFHVRVGHUHFRPSRVLFLyQHQORVYLOODQFLFRVGHODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,,DÀUPDTXH©PDHVWURV
GHFDSLOODGHVHJXQGRRUGHQXWLOL]DEDQFRPRDUJXPHQWRGHDXWRULGDGWRQRVGHORVPHMRUHV\PiVIDPR
VRVFRPSRVLWRUHVGHODpSRFDTXHHQJUDQSDUWHGHORVFDVRVKDEtDVLGRSUHYLDPHQWHDSODXGLGRVHQORV
FRUUDOHVª&DUPHOR&DEDOOHUR©0LVFHQW6DFUD3URIDQLV0~VLFDSURIDQD\WHDWUDOHQORVYLOODQFLFRVGHOD
VHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,,ªHQ0$QWRQLD9LUJLOLHWDOHGV0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQOD3HQtQVXOD
,EpULFD$FWDVGHO&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDO9DOODGROLGIHEUHURGH9DOODGROLG8QLYGH
9DOODGROLGSiJV
$QyQLPR%10PVI7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
JUDQGHV GHO 5HWLUR &RPR VHJXQGR HMHPSOR SRGUtDPRV FLWDU HO WRQR GH -XDQ
+LGDOJR (Q OD UXGD SROtWLFD FRPSXHVWR RULJLQDOPHQWH SDUD OD FRPHGLD GH
&DOGHUyQ/DHVWDWXDGH3URPHWHR\UHXWLOL]DGDHQGRVEDLOHVGHDXWRUDQyQLPR
HO%DLOHGHODUXGDSROtWLFD\HO%DLOHGH-~SLWHU\&DOLVWR
E0~VLFDGHXQDFRPHGLDSURYHQLHQWHGHFDQFLRQHURVHQDOJXQRVFDVRVORV
WRQRV LQWURGXFLGRV HQ XQD FRPHGLD QR KDEtDQ VLGR FRPSXHVWRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH
SDUDHVDREUDVLQRTXHHUDQDUUHJORVGHFDQFLRQHVSUHH[LVWHQWHVJHQHUDOPHQWH
SURYHQLHQWHGHFDQFLRQHURV(VSUREDEOHTXHVXSRSXODULGDG\GLIXVLyQDWUDYpV
GHXQDFRPHGLDKLFLHUDQTXHVHUHXWLOL]DUDWDPELpQHQHOWHDWUREUHYH(VWHHV
HO FDVR GHO WRQR *XDUGD FRUGHURV ]DJDOD FRPSXHVWR SRU HO P~VLFR 0DWHR
5RPHUR ³&DSLWiQ³ VREUH XQ URPDQFH GH *yQJRUD TXH FRQVHUYDGR HQ WUHV
FDQFLRQHURV GLIHUHQWHV IXH UHDGDSWDGR SDUD VHU XWLOL]DGR HQ GRV FRPHGLDV GH
&DOGHUyQ /RV WUHV DIHFWRV GH $PRU \ )LHUDV DIHPLQD $PRU \ HQ HO %DLOH GH
/XFUHFLD\7DUTXLQRGH$JXVWtQ0RUHWR\HQHO(QWUHPpV\VDLQHWH¶*XDUGD
FRUGHURV]DJDOD·GH/ySH]GH$UPHVWR\&DVWUR
7RQRVSURYHQLHQWHGHFDQFLRQHURV
*UDQ FDQWLGDG GH OD P~VLFD XWLOL]DGD HQ HO WHDWUR EUHYH WLHQH VX RULJHQ HQ
WRQRVFRQVHUYDGRVHQFDQFLRQHURV(YLGHQWHPHQWHGHEtDQVHUPX\FRQRFLGRVHQ
HOPRPHQWRHQHOTXHHOGUDPDWXUJRHVFULELyHOWH[WRWHDWUDOGDGRTXHDSDUWLU
/ySH]GH$UPHVWR\&DVWUR6DLQHWHV\HQWUHPHVHVUHSUHVHQWDGRV\FDQWDGRVFRPSXHVWRVSRU
'RQ*LO/ySH]GH$UPHVWR\&DVWURD\XGDGH)XUULHUGHOD5HDO&DEDOOHUL]DGHVX0DJHVWDG(Q0D
GULGSRU5RTXH5LFR0LUDQGD%1077UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\
GDQ]D«YRO,,SiJV
%1007UDQVFULSFLyQHQ/RXLVH6WHLQ6RQJVRI0RUWDOV'LDORJXHVRIWKH*RGV
0XVLFDQG7KHDWUHLQ6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\6SDLQ2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVVSiJ
$QyQLPR%10PVI7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJV
$QyQLPR%10PVI7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJV
(VWHWRQRVHFRQVHUYDHQWUHVFDQFLRQHURVHQHOGH&DVDQDWHQVHHQHOGH2QWHQLHQWH\HQHO
GH&RLPEUD(QHOGHOD&DVDQDWHQVHODYHUVLyQHVDWUHVYRFHVHQHOGH&RLPEUDHVDFXDWURHQHOGH
2QWHQLHQWHSRUVXSDUWHODSDUWLWXUDLQGLFDDFXDWURSHURFRPRWRGRHOFDQFLRQHURVyORWLHQHODYR]
GHOWLSOH(Q&RLPEUDVHFRQVHUYDRWUDYHUVLyQDQyQLPDFRQP~VLFDGLIHUHQWHPLHQWUDVTXHHQHOGH2Q
WHQLHQWHDSDUHFHDWULEXLGRD&RUUHD9HU-RVHS&OLPHQW(OFDQoRQHUPXVLFDOG·2QWLQ\HQWWUDQVFULSFLyQ
\ HVWXGLR GH - &OLPHQW 9DOqQFLD 6HUYHL GH SXEOLFDFLRQV$MXQWDPHQW G·2QWLQ\HQW &RQVHOO 9DOHQFLj
GH&XOWXUDSiJ\0LJXHO4XHURO&DQFLRQHURGHOD&DVDQDWHQVH%DUFHORQDSiJ
\ /RXLVH 6WHLQ 6RQJV RI 0RUWDOV 'LDORJXHV RI WKH *RGV 0XVLF DQG 7KHDWUH LQ 6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\
6SDLQ2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVVSiJ
%10PVSiJ7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«YRO
,,SiJV
/ySH]GH$UPHVWR\&DVWUR6DLQHWHV\HQWUHPHVHV«IY7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ
3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«YRO,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
GHODOHFWXUDUHVXOWDFODURTXHORVDUJXPHQWRVGHHVWDVREUDVHVWDEDQFRQFHELGRV
DSDUWLUGHODOHWUDGHFDQFLRQHV\DIDPLOLDUHVSDUDHOS~EOLFR(OWRQR0LODJUR
)LOLGDVIXHUDVGH&RUUHD³FRQVHUYDGRHQGRVFDQFLRQHURV³IXHUHXWLOL]DGR
DVtHQHO%DLOHGH0LODJUR)LOLGDVIXHUDVGHDXWRUDQyQLPR/RPLVPRRFXUUH
FRQHOWRQR*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRVREUHHOTXH$JXVWtQ0RUHWRHVFULELyHO%DLOH
GHO*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR
/RVGRVHMHPSORVGHEDLOHVFRPSXHVWRVVREUHFDQWDWDVSUHH[LVWHQWHVHVWRHV
HO%DLOHGHODFDQWDGD¶2KFRUD]yQDPDQWH·\HO%DLOHGHODFDQWDGD¶'pMDPH
LQJUDWDOORUDU·SXHGHQVHUWRPDGRVWDPELpQFRPRHMHPSORVGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQ
GH P~VLFD FRPSXHVWD FRQ DQWHULRULGDG DXQTXH DSDUHQWHPHQWH QR KDEUtD VLGR
XWLOL]DGDHQHOWHDWUR
)250$6 '( 5(87,/,=$&,Ð1 < 5(&20326,&,Ð1
3DVDUHPRVDDQDOL]DUDKRUDODVGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQ\UHFRP
SRVLFLyQ
'HQWURGHOFRUSXVGHREUDVEUHYHVFRQP~VLFDFRQHOTXHKHPRVWUDEDMDGR
KHPRV SRGLGR LGHQWLÀFDU WUHV SURFHGLPLHQWRV DSOLFDGRV D OD UHXWLOL]DFLyQ GH
P~VLFD SUHH[LVWHQWH OD FLWD GLUHFWD HO FRQWUDIDFWXP \ OD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH
FDQFLRQHV SROLIyQLFDV HQ WRQRV D VROR /RV GRV SULPHURV VRQ SURFHVRV TXH
DIHFWDQVyORDOWH[WRGHODP~VLFDUHXWLOL]DGDPLHQWUDVTXHHOWHUFHURPRGLÀFD
IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHODP~VLFD
&RUUHD%100IY2QWHQLHQWHPV7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ-RVHS&OLPHQW(O
FDQoRQHUPXVLFDOG·2QWLQ\HQW«SiJ
$QyQLPR %10 PV I 7UDQVFULSFLyQ HQ 6XVDQD$QWyQ 3ULDVFR 0~VLFD \ GDQ]D
«YRO,,SiJV
(OWRQR*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQRSHUWHQHFHD/D'RURWHDGH/RSHGH9HJD\VHHQFXHQWUDHQWUHVFDQ
FLRQHURV/LEURGHWRQRVKXPDQRV%100IYDFXDWURYRFHV&DQFLRQHURGH2QWHQLHQWH
%10PVIUVyORWLSOH\%LEOLRWHFDGH&DWDOXQ\D%%&0XVPV-RVHS&OLPHQW
(OFDQoRQHUPXVLFDOG·2QWLQ\HQW«SiJ
$JXVWtQ0RUHWR%10PVSiJ7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\
GDQ]D«YRO,,SiJV
$QyQLPR%10PV7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJV
$QyQLPR %10 PV 7UDQVFULSFLyQ HQ 6XVDQD$QWyQ 3ULDVFR 0~VLFD \ GDQ]D «
YRO,,SiJV
/DVSDUWLWXUDVSHUWHQHFHQD6HUTXHLUDGH/LPD\$QWRQLR/LWHUHVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\VHFRQVHUYDQ
HQHOPDQXVFULWR%1003DUDXQDQiOLVLVGHORVEDLOHVFDQWDWDYpDVH-XDQ-RVp&DUUHUDV©/D
FDQWDWDGHFiPDUDHVSDxRODGHSULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;9,,,HOPDQXVFULWR0GHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO
GH0DGULG\VXVFRQFRUGDQFLDVªHQ0$QWRQLD9LUJLOLHWDOHGV0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUD«SiJ
7RPDPRVODFDWHJRUtDFLWDGLUHFWDGHODQiOLVLVUHDOL]DGRSRU&DUPHOR&DEDOOHURVREUHGHODV
GLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHUHFRPSRVLFLyQXWLOL]DGDVHQORVYLOODQFLFRVHQODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;9,,9HU
&DUPHOR&DEDOOHUR©0LVFHQW6DFUD3URIDQLV«ªSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
&LWDGLUHFWD
8WLOL]DPRV HVWH WpUPLQR SDUD GHÀQLU DTXHOODV RFDVLRQHV HQ TXH ODV TXH VH
LQVHUWD HQ XQD REUD EUHYH XQD FRPSRVLFLyQ PXVLFDO SUHH[LVWHQWH VLQ TXH VH
SURGX]FDQLQJXQDPRGLÀFDFLyQGHVXWH[WRQLGHVXP~VLFD
7RPDUHPRVFRPRSULPHUHMHPSORXQIUDJPHQWRGHOG~R9HQHQRGHORVVHQ
WLGRVGH&ULVWyEDO*DOiQSHUWHQHFLHQWHDO%DLOHGH9HQHQRGHORVVHQWLGRV(O
WRQRSURYLHQHGHODFRPHGLDGH(OODEHULQWRGHFUHWDGH-XDQ%DXWLVWD'LDPDQWH
UHSUHVHQWDGDHQSDODFLRHQ
(VWHHVXQHMHPSORFODURGHFLWDGLUHFWDFRPRSRGUHPRVYHUQRH[LVWHQGL
IHUHQFLDVHQWUHHOWH[WRGUDPiWLFRGHOEDLOH\HOPDQXVFULWRPXVLFDOPiVDOOiGH
XQFDPELRHQHORUGHQGHODVFRSODV\HOHVWULELOORORTXHKDFHPiVTXHSUREDEOH
TXHODSDUWLWXUDWDPSRFRKD\DVXIULGRPRGLÀFDFLRQHV
9(56,Ð1086,&$/&216(59$'$
9(56,Ð1'(/%$,/(
(VWULELOOR
1RSURVLJDVVXVSHQGHWXFXUVR
WXVFODXVXODVFDOOHQ
\DO\PSHULRGHTXLHQREHGHFHV
QRUHVSLUHVQRDOLHQWHV
QRLQTXLHWHVHODLUH
+HFKL]RGHORVVHQWLGRV
TXHFRQOLVRQMDVPRUWDOHV
FRPSRQHVGHWLUDQtDV
WXVÀQMLGDVVXDELGDGHV
&RSODV
9HQHQRGHORVVHQWLGRV
TXHFRQOLVRQMDVPRUWDOHV
FRPSRQHVGHWLUDQtDV
WXVÀQMLGDVVXDELGDGHV
1RSURVLJDVVXVSHQGHWXFXUVR
WXVFODXVXODVFDOOHQ
\DOLPSHULRGHTXLHQREHGHFHV
QRUHVSLUHVQRDOLHQWHV
QRLQTXLHWHVHODLUH
&ULVWyEDO*DOiQ%1007UDQVFULSWRHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJV
$QyQLPR%10PVVIU&D7UDQVFULSWRHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD
\GDQ]D«YRO,,SiJV
(QODFRPHGLDGH'LDPDQWHEDVDGDHQHOUHODWRPLWROyJLFRGH7HVHRHOWRQRHVLQWHUSUHWDGR
SRUORVSHUVRQDMHVIHPHQLQRV$ULDGQD\)HGUDTXLHQHVORXWLOL]DQSDUDDGRUPHFHUDODVJXDUGLDQDVTXH
FXVWRGLDEDQODHQWUDGDGHOODEHULQWR\DVtD\XGDUD7HVHRDVDOLUGHpO(QHOEDLOHORVTXHFDQWDQHOWRQR
VRQGRVSHUVRQDMHVPDVFXOLQRV)DELR\6LOYLRLQWHUSUHWDGRVSRUODVDFWULFHV3DXOD0DQXHOD\0DQXHOD
GHOD&XHYDTXHVHGLVSXWDQHODPRUGH/LVL9HPRVDTXtXQLQWHUHVDQWHFDVRGHDFWULFHVLQWHUSUHWDQGR
SDSHOHVPDVFXOLQRV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
(QDOJXQRVFDVRVDSHVDUGHTXHHOGUDPDWXUJRRHOP~VLFRTXHWUDEDMyFRQ
pOXWLOL]DURQHQIRUPDWH[WXDOXQWRQRSXHGHQDGYHUWLUVHDOJXQDVYDULDQWHVQR
HQVXIRUPDVLQRHQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ3RUHMHPSORHQHO%DLOHGHO7UXVFDWUX[
VH LQWHUSUHWD HO WRQR 'H OD WLUDQtD GH DTXHO YLHMR GLRV XQ WRQR D VROR FRQ
DFRPSDxDPLHQWR 3XHGH YHUVH XQD WRWDO FRLQFLGHQFLD HQWUH HO WH[WR GH OD SDU
WLWXUDFRQVHUYDGD\HOGHODREUDWHDWUDOVyORTXHVHKDPRGLÀFDGRODIRUPDGH
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQHQOXJDUGHXQ~QLFRLQWpUSUHWHFDGDHVWURIDHVFDQWDGDHQIRUPD
DOWHUQDGDSRUORVFXDWURSURWDJRQLVWDVGHODREUD
9(56,Ð1086,&$/
&216(59$'$
9(56,Ð17($75$/
5($'$37$'$
'HODWLUDQtD
GHDTXHOFLHJR'LRV
$OFRQRFLPLHQWR
VHTXH[DHODPRU
)ORULQGR'HODWLUDQtD
GHDTXHOFLHJR'LRV
$OFRQRFLPLHQWR
VHTXHMDHODPRU
1RVHTXH[HQR
TXLHQORÀQREXVFD
GRQGHQRDLDPRU
TXHQRHVGHODIHFWR
FDXVDODUD]RQ
)ORUD1RVHTXHMHQR
TXLHQORÀQREXVFD
GRQGHQRKD\DPRU
TXHQRHVGHODIHFWR
FDXVDODUD]yQ
/LVLD+X\HGHOULJRU
TXHDOHQWHQGLPLHQWR
ODYLVWD>"@
SDUDVHUGHVSRMR
GHODVLQUD]yQ>HWF@
)ORULQ6LJXHODHVSHUDQ]D
HQTXLHQHQFHQGLR
JORULDVDOGHVHR
DLPDJLQDFLyQ
5HVXOWDHYLGHQWHSRUWDQWRHQHVWDVPRGLÀFDFLRQHVODLQWHQFLyQGHOGUDPDWXUJR
SRULQWHQWDUURPSHUFRQHOHVWDWLVPRGUDPiWLFRTXHFRQOOHYDUtDODLQFOXVLyQHQ
$QyQLPR%10PVIU7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJ
$QyQLPR%1007UDQVFULSFLyQHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«YRO
,,SiJV8QDJUDEDFLyQGHHVWHWRQRSXHGHHQFRQWUDUVHHQHO&'&RUWHVDQRVGHO7DMRGHOJUXSR
GHP~VLFDEDUURFDHVSDxROD&RPSDxtDGHO7HPSUDQLOOR%XHQRV$LUHV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
HOWH[WRGUDPiWLFRGHXQWRQRDVRORFDQWDGRHQEORTXHSRUXQ~QLFRSHUVRQDMH
&RPRSXHGHYHUVHQRVHKDQSURGXFLGRFDPELRVUHDOHVHQODSDUWLWXUDRULJLQDO
VLQRVyORXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQHQVXXVRRWRUJDQGRGLQDPLVPRHVFpQLFR
&RQWUDIDFWXP
'HQRPLQDPRVFRQHVWHWpUPLQRDOSURFHGLPLHQWRHQHOFXDOHOGUDPDWXUJR
XWLOL]DXQWRQRSUHH[LVWHQWHHQHOTXHOHFDPELDHOWH[WRSRUXQRQXHYRTXHVH
DGDSWDDODWUDPDGHODREUDHQODTXHVHORLQFOX\HVLQTXHVHSURGX]FDQPR
GLÀFDFLRQHVHQODP~VLFD
(OSURFHVRGHOFRQWUDIDFWXPSXHGHDSOLFDUVHGHGRVPDQHUDV
E /DVXVWLWXFLyQGHOWH[WRSXHGHDSOLFDUVHDOWRQRHQWHURHVGHFLUDODV
FRSODV\DOHVWULELOOR
E /DVXVWLWXFLyQGHOWH[WRVHDSOLFDVyORDXQDSDUWHGHOWRQRSXGLpQGRVH
FRQVHUYDUHOHVWULELOOR\RDDOJXQDGHODVHVWURIDV
7RPDUHPRVFRPRHMHPSORHOWRQR$\DPRUD\DXVHQFLDGH-XDQ+LGDOJR
LQFOXLGRHQHO%DLOHGH3DVFXDO\*LOHWD6XVSURWDJRQLVWDV\ORVLQWpUSUHWHV
GHOWRQRVRQSDVWRUHVTXHVHODPHQWDQSRUHOGRORUTXHFDXVDQORVGHVHQFXHQWURV
DPRURVRV
(OGUDPDWXUJRRHOFRPSRVLWRUTXHUHDOL]yODDGDSWDFLyQGHODYHUVLyQSUH
H[LVWHQWHFDPELyHOWH[WRGHODVFRSODVSDUDDGDSWDUORDOWHPDGHODREUDSHUR
FRQVHUYyHOHVWULELOOR6LQHPEDUJRODDGDSWDFLyQPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVHHQFXHQWUD
HQODQXHYDIRUPDGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHVHOHGLRDOWRQReVWHTXHRULJLQDOPHQWH
HUDXQVRORIXHFRQYHUWLGRHQXQGLiORJRHQWUHORVSURWDJRQLVWDVTXHFDQWDQHQ
IRUPDDOWHUQDGDODVHVWURIDVFUHDQGRDVtXQDVLWXDFLyQGUDPiWLFD\HYLWDQGRHO
HVWDWLVPRTXHSURGXFLUtDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHOWRQRDVROR
%1007RQRSHUWHQHFLHQWHDODFRPHGLDGH&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD&RQWUDHODPRU
GHVHQJDxR7UDQVFULSFLyQHQ0LJXHO4XHURO7RQRVKXPDQRVGHOVLJOR;9,,SDUDYR]VROLVWD\DFRPSD
xDPLHQWR0DGULG$OSXHUWRSiJ2WUDVGRVYHUVLRQHVGHHVWHWRQRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQ&DWHGUDO
GH 9DOODGROLG I YU 7UDQVFULSWR HQ &DUPHOR &DEDOOHUR )HUQiQGH] 5XIHWH ¶$UGHG FRUD]yQ
DUGHG·7RQRVKXPDQRVGHOEDUURFRHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD9DOODGROLGSiJ\
$QyQLPR%10PVIU7UDQVFULSWRHQ6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]D«
YRO,,SiJV
&RPR SXHGH FRPSUREDUVH D SDUWLU GH ODV GLGDVFDOLD GHO WH[WR GUDPiWLFR HQ HO EDLOH ODV TXH
FDQWDQVRQGRVPXMHUHVXQDGHODVFXDOHVLQWHUSUHWDHOSDSHOPDVFXOLQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
9(56,Ð1086,&$/
&216(59$'$
9(56,Ð17($75$/
5($'$37$'$
(VWULELOOR
$\DPRUD\DXVHQFLD
D\GXOFHGXHxR
TXHWHEXVFDQPLVDQVLDV
\VyORHQFXHQWUR
XQGRORUPX\KDOODGR
GHTXHWHSLHUGR
0X[>HU@
$\DPRU
0X[>HU@
$\DXVHQFLD
'XR
D\GXOFHGXHxR
TXHWHEXVFDQPLVDQVLDV
\VRORHQFXHQWUR
XQGRORUPXLDOODGR
TXHWHSLHUGR
&RSODV
6DOLGSHQDPLD
QRDKRJXHHOVLOHQFLR
HOEDOVyQLOXVWUH
GHORULJHQYXHVWUR
6DOLGSHQDPLD
9LYLGSXHV\RPXHUR
&DQWD<SXHVPLGRORU
QRWLHQHUHPHGLR
DODLUHHVSHUDQ]DV
SXHVHVYXHVWUR]HQWUR
HQMHPLGRV
HOXOWLPRDOLHQWR
(QGRORUWDQMXVWR
SRULQMXVWRWHQJR
IDOWDUDODODUGH
GHVXVHQWLPLHQWR
6DOLGSHQDPLD>HWF@
&DQWD<SXHVHQPLSHQD
VLQDOLELRSHQR
EXVFDQGRORVPLRV
OORUDQGRHOFRQVXHOR
TXHVRORHVGH
HOOODQWRDOLPHQWR
$\DPRU
$\DXVHQFLD
$GXRD\GXOFHGXHxR
(OGUDPDWXUJRDGDSWyHOWRQRFUHDQGRXQDDFFLyQTXHRULJLQDOPHQWHQRH[LVWtD
DOWUDQVIRUPDUXQVRORHQXQGLiORJRSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHUHVXOWDPX\LQWHUHVDQWH
SRUTXHPXHVWUDODLQWHQFLyQGHODXWRUGHSUHVHQWDUDOS~EOLFRGHIRUPDUiSLGD
\HÀFD]HOWHPD\ORVSHUVRQDMHVGHODREUD3RURWURODGRHVWHUHFXUVRSHUPLWH
FRPSUREDUFyPRODP~VLFDHQHOWHDWUREUHYHHVWDEDHQIXQFLyQGHOWH[WRGUD
PiWLFR\QRHUDXQVLPSOHDJUHJDGRSDUDFRPSODFHUDODDXGLHQFLD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
/DWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHFDQFLRQHVSROLIyQLFDVHQWRQRVDVROR
(VWHHVXQSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHSXHGHHQFRQWUDUVHFRQEDVWDQWHIUHFXHQFLDHQWUH
ODVREUDVEUHYHV\HVWDOYH]HOWLSRGHUHHODERUDFLyQPiVRULJLQDOFRQVLVWHHQOD
WUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHXQDFDQFLyQDFXDWURYRFHVHQXQWRQRDVRORFRQVHUYiQGRVH
XQD YR] VXSHULRU FRQ HO DFRPSDxDPLHQWR GH XQ EDMR (Q PXFKDV RFDVLRQHV
DGHPiV D HVWD PRGLÀFDFLyQ VREUH OD SDUWLWXUD SUHH[LVWHQWH VH OH SXHGH VXPDU
WDPELpQDGDSWDFLRQHVDOWH[WR9HUHPRVDOJXQRVHMHPSORV
(O%DLOHGH0LODJUR)LOLGDVIXHUDVIXHHVFULWRFRPRVXWtWXORLQGLFDSDUD
GUDPDWL]DUHOWH[WRGHOWRQR0LODJUR)LOLGDVIXHUDV(VWHWRQRHVWiFRQVHUYDGR
HQGRVIXHQWHVODSULPHUDVHHQFXHQWUDHQHO/LEURGHWRQRVKXPDQRVHQXQD
YHUVLyQ D FXDWUR YRFHV 77$ % FRQ XQD HVWUXFWXUD GH FRSODHVWULELOOR 8QD
VHJXQGDYHUVLyQVHHQFXHQWUDHQHO&DQFLRQHURGH2QWHQLHQWHYHUVLyQTXHVyOR
WLHQH FRSLDGD OD YR] GHO FDQWXV D SHVDU TXH HO FRSLVWD LQGLFy TXH OD REUD HUD
DFXDWURDGHPiVQRWLHQHHOHVWULELOORTXHDSDUHFHHQHORWURPDQXVFULWR(Q
HO%DLOHGH0LODJURODFDQFLyQSROLIyQLFDIXHWUDQVIRUPDGDHQXQWRQRDVROR
SDUDWLSOHVLHQGRFDGDHVWURIDLQWHUSUHWDGDSRUXQDDFWUL]GLIHUHQWH3HQVDPRV
TXHHOSURFHGLPLHQWRTXHVLJXLyHOP~VLFRTXHKL]RHODUUHJORGHEHKDEHUVLGR
HOGHFRQVHUYDUODOtQHDPHOyGLFDGHXQDGHODVGRVVRSUDQRVRULJLQDOHVPHORGtD
D OD TXH FRQ WRGD VHJXULGDG VH OH DJUHJy XQ EDMR GH DFRPSDxDPLHQWR 2WUD
PRGLÀFDFLyQLPSRUWDQWHTXHVXIULyHVWDFDQFLyQIXHODHOLPLQDFLyQGHOHVWULELOOR
TXH DSDUHFtD GHVSXpV GH ODV FRSODV HQ OD YHUVLyQ GHO /LEUR GH WRQRV KXPDQR
FDPELDQGRDVtODHVWUXFWXUDSRpWLFDGHOWRQR
9(56,Ð1/,%52'(
72126+80$126
9(56,217($75$/
5($'$37$'$
DFXDWUR
0LODJUR=HOLQGDIXHUDV
GHO7DMR\GHO0DQ]DQDUHV
VLORTXHWLHQHVGHKHUPRVD
QRWXYLHUDVGHPXGDEOH
VROR
0LODJUR)LOLGDVIXHUD
GHO7DMR\GHO0Q]DQDUHV
VLORTXHWLHQHVGHKHUPRVD
QRWXYLHUDVGHPXGDEOH
)XHJR\HODHQHOPRQWHJXDUGHQVH
SRUTXHYLHQH/XFLQGDQHYDQGRHOD\UH
/LEURGHWRQRVKXPDQRV%100I\&DQFLRQHURGH2QWHQLHQWH%10PV
I(VWHPLVPRWRQRIXHXWLOL]DGRHQVXYHUVLyQDFXDWURHQHO%DLOHGH&DOL[WRHQHOTXHVyORVHFDQWD
UHSHWLGDVYHFHVODSULPHUDFRSOD9HU6XVDQD$QWyQ3ULDVFR0~VLFD\GDQ]DHQHOWHDWUREUHYH«YRO
,,SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
'H$QJHOGHOWLHPSRSUHVXPHV
PDVHQPHQWLU\HQPHQGDUWH
ORTXHOHHVWDELHQDOWLHPSR
SDUH]HPDOHQHO$QJHO
'H$QJHOGHOWLHPSRSUHVXPHV
PDVHQPHQWLU\HQPHQGDUWH
ORTXHOHHVWDELHQDOWLHPSR
SDUH]HPDOHQHO$QJHO
)XHJR\HOD
7UDLFLRQHVGHWXEHOOH]D>HWF@
*UDFLRVD0LODJUR)LOLGDVGL]HQ
>HWF@
2WURHMHPSORGHUHDGDSWDFLyQVLPLODUSXHGHHQFRQWUDUVHHQHO%DLOHGHO*L
JDQWH&ULVWDOLQRREUDFRPSXHVWDDOUHGHGRUGHOWRQR*LJDQWH&ULVWDOLQRTXH
VHFRQVHUYDHQORVPLVPRVGRVFDQFLRQHURVPHQFLRQDGRVHQHOHMHPSORDQWHULRU
HQXQRHQYHUVLyQDFXDWURYRFHV\HQHORWURVyORHOFDQWXV(OEDLOHFRPLHQ]D
FRQ OD SULPHUD HVWURID GH OD FDQFLyQ MXQWR D OD TXH VH LQGLFD ©P~VLFDª \ QR
HO QRPEUH GHO DFWRU R SHUVRQDMH TXH GHEtD LQWHUSUHWDUOR ³FRPR DSDUHFH PiV
DGHODQWH³SRUORTXHHVPX\SUREDEOHTXHIXHUDLQWHUSUHWDGRDFXDWURFRPR
HQODYHUVLRQHVSUHH[LVWHQWH'HVSXpVGHDFXHUGRFRQODVDFRWDFLRQHVDOWH[WR
GUDPiWLFRFDGDHVWURIDHVFDQWDGDHQIRUPDDOWHUQDGDSRUODDFWUL]\HODFWRUOR
TXHPRVWUDUtDTXHODFDQFLyQDFXDWURVHDGDSWyFRPRXQWRQRDVROR$OLJXDO
TXHHQHOFDVRDQWHULRUWDPELpQDTXtVHH[FOX\yHOHVWULELOORFRQVHUYiQGRVHODV
HVWURIDV
9(56,Ð1/,%52
'(72126+80$126
9(56,Ð17($75$/
5($'$37$'$
DFXDWUR
-LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR
DOFLHORVHRSRQLD
HOPDUFRQEODQFDVWRUUHV
GHHVSXPDVIXJLWLEDV
TXDQGRXQWURQFRLQKXWLO>VLF@
FX\DVUDPDVVXELDQ
0~VLFD¢DFXDWUR"
-LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR
DOFLHORVHRSRQLD
HOPDUFRQEODQFDVWRUUHV
GHHVSXPDVIXJLWLEDV
TXDQGRXQWURQFRLQKXWLO>VLF@
FX\DVUDPDVVXELDQ
0DVWDQWRSXHGHQ
GHVGLFKDVTXHREOLJDQ
VLSRUÀDQDQRHVWLPDU
ODPXHUWHQLODYLGD
/DPHORGtDGHODVHVWURIDVFDQWDGDVSRUODDFWUL]GHEHKDEHUVLGRODTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOD7LSOH
,HQHO/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRVSRUVHUpVWDHVODPiVFDQWDEOH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
4XDQGRGHXQWURQFRLQXWLO
FXLDVUDPDVVXELDQ
DVHUGR]HODXQSUDGR
TXHIXHGHXQPD\RHPELGLD
0DVWDQWRSXHGHQ
7HQLD)DELRKDWDGD
VXPLVHUD%DUTXLOOD
ORVUHPRVHQODDUHQD
ODUHGDOVROWHQGLGD
VROR
0DULQD7HQLD)DELRKDWDGD
VXPLVHUD%DUTXLOOD
)DELRORVUHPRVHQODDUHQD
ODUHGDOVROWHQGLGD
0DVWDQWRSXHGHQ
%DMDIRUWXQDFRUUH
SRFRODYLGDHVWLPD
4XLHQWRGRORGHVSUH]LD
\DWRGRVHUHWLUD
0DULQD%DMDIRUWXQDFRUUH
SRFRODYLGDHVWLPD
)DELR4XLHQWRGRORGHVSUH]LD
\DWRGRVHUHWLUD>HWF@
0DVWDQWRSXHGHQ>HWF@
(QQLQJXQRGHWRGRVORVFDVRVTXHKHPRVYLVWRVHKDFRQVHUYDGRXQPDQXV
FULWRPXVLFDOTXHUHVSRQGLHUDDODYHUVLyQWHDWUDOPRVWUDQGRHVWRVSURFHVRVGH
FDPELR+HPRVGHGXFLGRHVWDVUHHODERUDFLRQHV\DGDSWDFLRQHVDSDUWLUGHORV
LQGLFLRVGDGRVSRUHOPLVPRWH[WRGUDPiWLFRORTXHQRVPXHVWUDWDPELpQOD
QHFHVLGDGGHKDFHUXQWUDEDMRHQSDUDOHORHQWUHP~VLFD\WH[WRVGUDPiWLFRV
&21&/86,21(6
0iVDOOiGHODFRQVWDWDFLyQ\DQiOLVLVGHHVWHSURFHVRFRPSRVLWLYRFUHHPRV
TXHVHGHVSUHQGHQGHpODOJXQDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVHQODVTXHVHGHEHUtDDKRQGDU
HQHOIXWXUR
3RUXQODGRTXHGDGHPRVWUDGDODULTXH]D\FRPSOHMLGDGGHOWHDWUREUHYHGH
ODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJORTXHSRFRWLHQHTXHYHUFRQXQJpQHURHQGHFDGHQFLD
WDO FRPR VH OR KD GHÀQLGR HQ PXFKDV RFDVLRQHV$VLPLVPR \ D SHVDU GH TXH
OR TXH KHPRV SUHVHQWDGR HQ HVWH WUDEDMR HV VyOR XQD SHTXHxD PXHVWUD SXHGH
FRPSUREDUVHODLPSRUWDQFLDFDSLWDOTXHODP~VLFDWXYRHQHOWHDWUREUHYHFRQ
ÀUPDFLyQTXHUHODWLYL]DODVDÀUPDFLRQHVGHPXFKRVHVWXGLRVRVVREUHODSREUH]D
GHODP~VLFDHQHVWRVJpQHURVGUDPiWLFRV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
'HLJXDOIRUPDSXHGHYHUVHTXHODVHOHFFLyQGHOUHSHUWRULRPXVLFDOUHDOL]DGD
SDUDVXUHXWLOL]DFLyQHQHQWUHPHVHVREDLOHVGUDPiWLFRVQRIXHIUXWRGHOPHUR
FDSULFKR GH XQ GUDPDWXUJR R GH XQ P~VLFR VLQR TXH SRU HO FRQWUDULR pVWRV
HOHJtDQHOPDWHULDOHQWUHODVREUDVGHORVPHMRUHVFRPSRVLWRUHVTXHKDEtDQWUD
EDMDGRRWUDEDMDEDQSDUDODFRUWH(QHVWHVHQWLGRFUHHPRVTXHKXERXQDVHULH
GH DFRQWHFLPLHQWRV SROtWLFRV \ VRFLDOHV TXH D\XGDQ D FRPSUHQGHU HO SRU TXp
GH HVWD HOHFFLyQ &yPR \D KHPRV PHQFLRQDGR HQ OD VHJXQGD PLWDG GHO VLJOR
ODDFWLYLGDGWHDWUDOVHFHQWUySURJUHVLYDPHQWHHQODFRUWHORTXHOOHYyDTXHHO
WHDWUREUHYHKD\DGHMDGRGHVHUXQDGUDPDWXUJLDHQUDL]DGDHQORFDUQDYDOHVFR
TXHH[DOWDEDODViWLUD\ODEXUODSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUVHHQXQWHDWURUHJLGRSRUHO
GHFRURTXHDGRSWyXQWRQRPHGLGRGHVWLQDGRDODFHOHEUDFLyQGHODPRQDUTXtD
(OWHDWUREUHYHQRSHUGLyVXFDUiFWHUGHHQWUHWHQLPLHQWRSHURVHWUDQVIRUPyHQXQ
©GLYHUWLPHQWRJXLDGRªFX\RÀQHUDHOGHFDXWLYDUDORVHVSHFWDGRUHVDWUDYpVGH
ODP~VLFD\ODGDQ]DDODYH]TXHVHGLIXQGtDQQXHYRVFiQRQHVGHJXVWR'HQWUR
GH HVWH FRQWH[WR SRU WDQWR QR SRGUtD SHQVDUVH HQ OD HOHFFLyQ GH RWUR WLSR GH
P~VLFDTXHODGHORVFRPSRVLWRUHVPiVUHFRQRFLGRVGHODFRUWH
$O PLVPR WLHPSR FUHHPRV TXH UHVXOWD IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD HO HVWXGLR GH OD
P~VLFDWHDWUDOUHDOL]DUXQWUDEDMRFRQMXQWRUHXQLHQGR\FRPSDUDQGRORVPDQXV
FULWRVPXVLFDOHVFRQVHUYDGRVFRQORVWH[WRVGUDPiWLFRV\DTXHGHHVWDPDQHUD
DGHPiVGHSRGHUFRQRFHUFXiOHUDHOUHSHUWRULRGHPD\RUFLUFXODFLyQHQHOVLJOR
;9,,VHQRVUHYHODUtDQDVSHFWRVWDOHVFRPRHOSUREDEOHWUDEDMRFRQMXQWRHQWUH
GUDPDWXUJRV \ P~VLFRV HQ OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH HVWDV DGDSWDFLRQHV DVt FRPR ODV
GLIHUHQWHV IRUPDV GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ TXH DSDUHQWHPHQWH WXYR OD P~VLFD WHDWUDO
GHOEDUURFRHVSDxROXQDVSHFWRSRFRDWHQGLGRGHVGHODPXVLFRORJtD
3DUDWHUPLQDUTXHUHPRVKDFHUQXHVWUDVODVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVGH'XQFDQ0RLU
VREUHHOSURFHVRGHUHXWLOL]DFLyQSDUDTXLHQHODUWLVWDGHOEDUURFRHVSDxROUHKDFtD
XQPDWHULDODQWHULRUFRQREMHWRGHGDUOHXQDQXHYDRULHQWDFLyQSRUTXHODUHIXQ
GLFLyQQRHUDXQDVLPSOHUHFRQVWUXFFLyQIRUPDOVLQRTXHVHUYtDSDUDHQFDX]DU
HQXQDQXHYDGLUHFFLyQORVSHQVDPLHQWRV\ODVHPRFLRQHVGHOHVSHFWDGRU
Anterior
(0:LOVRQ\'0RLU+LVWRULDGHODOLWHUDWXUDHVSDxRODSiJV
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
$3e1',&(
7LSOH,\7HQRU
*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV%100
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/$5(87,/,=$&,Ð1'(0Ô6,&$35((;,67(17((1(/7($752%5(9(«
7LSOH,,\EDMR
*LJDQWHFULVWDOLQR/LEURGH7RQRV+XPDQRV%100
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
7LSOH,
&ULVWyEDO*DOiQ9HQHQRGHORV6HQWLGRV%100
686$1$$17Ð135,$6&2
8QLYHUVLGDGGH%XHQRV$LUHV&21,&(7
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
1R HV QHFHVDULR GHVWDFDU TXH OD =DUDEDQGD FRPR WHPD GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ
KLVWyULFD\PXVLFROyJLFDVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQWySLFRVREUHHOFXDOKDQVLGR
YHUWLGRVUtRVGHWLQWD
&LHUWDPHQWH GHVGH PHGLDGRVÀQDOHV GHO VLJOR ;9, KDVWD PHGLDGRVÀQDOHV
GHOVLJOR;9,,OD]DUDEDQGD³DOLJXDOTXHRFXUULHUDFRQODVHJXLGLOODODIROtDR
ODMiFDUD³QRFRQVLVWLyHQXQD~QLFD\XQLIRUPHUHDOLGDGVLQRTXHVLJQLÀFyXQ
IHQyPHQRFRPSOHMR\DTXHEDMRHOPLVPRWpUPLQRFRH[LVWLHURQ\QRVLHPSUH
GLUHFWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDVUHDOLGDGHVKDUWRGLVSDUHVFRQXQFDUiFWHUFRP~Q
(QSULPHUOXJDUXQD=DUDEDQGDSRpWLFDGHÀQLGDSRUVXHVWUXFWXUDFRQWHQLGR
\IXQFLyQTXH'DQLHO'HYRWRLGHQWLÀFDFRQHO=pMHO
(QVHJXQGROXJDUXQD=DUDEDQGDPXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQWDOFRPSXHVWDSRUXQD
HVWUXFWXUDUtWPLFRDUPyQLFDTXHVHHMHFXWDEDFRQLQVWUXPHQWRVVLQLQWHUYHQFLyQ
GHODYR]KXPDQD\TXHQRSUHFLVDEDGHXQDIRUPDFRUHRJUiÀFDDVRFLDGD
(QWHUFHUOXJDUXQD=DUDEDQGDOtULFDFRPSXHVWDSRUWH[WR\P~VLFDGHQR
PLQDGDHQVXPRPHQWR©FDQWDUGHOD=DUDEDQGDª\TXHWDPSRFRSUHFLVDEDGH
XQDIRUPDFRUHRJUiÀFDDVRFLDGD
(Q FXDUWR \ ~OWLPR OXJDU XQD =DUDEDQGD FRUHRJUiÀFD FRQVWUXLGD VREUH OD
EDVHGHXQSDWUyQFLQpWLFRHVSDFLDO\UtWPLFRFRQFUHWRVREUHXQVRSRUWHPXVLFDO
DGHFXDGRDGLFKRSDWUyQTXHQRSUHFLVDEDQHFHVDULDPHQWHODLQVHUFLyQGHWH[WR
SRpWLFR\TXHHUDHMHFXWDGDSRUXQLQVWUXPHQWRFRQFUHWRHOFXHUSRGHOEDLODUtQ
RPHMRUGLFKRGHODEDLODULQD
'DQLHO'HYRWR©¢4XpHVOD]DUDEDQGD"ª%ROHWtQ,QWHUDPHULFDQRSiJV
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
&DGD XQR GH HVWRV FXDWUR WLSRV SRGtD VHU LQWHUSUHWDGR HQ FXDWUR iPELWRV
GLVWLQWRV
(QHOiPELWRSRSXODURYXOJDUHQHOFXDOWDQWRLQWHUSUHWHFRPRHVSHFWDGRUHV
SHUWHQHFtDQDODVFODVHVEDMDV
(Q XQ iPELWR FRUWHVDQR FRQVLGHUDGR FXOWR HQ HO FXDO HUD LQWHUSUHWDGR \
FRQWHPSODGRSRU\SDUDODDULVWRFUDFLD
(Q HO HQWRUQR 3DUDOLW~UJLFR JHQHUDOPHQWH EDMR OD GHQRPLQDFLyQ GH ©D OR
GLYLQRªHMHFXWDGRSRULQWpUSUHWHVYLQFXODGRVDOD,JOHVLDSDUDIHVWLYLGDGHVFRQ
FUHWDV\GLULJLGRWDQWRDODVFODVHVEDMDVFRPRDODDULVWRFUDFLD
<ÀQDOPHQWHHQHOiPELWR7HDWUDORHVFpQLFRLQWHUSUHWDGRSRUSURIHVLRQDOHV
GHO WHDWUR ELHQ SDUD OD FRUWH R SDUD ORV WHDWURV S~EOLFRV \ TXH FRQVWLWX\H HO
REMHWRGHHVWHWUDEDMR
&XDWUR WLSRV GH =DUDEDQGD HQ FXDWUR iPELWRV GLIHUHQWHV VLJQLÀFD TXH EDMR
XQDPLVPDDFHSFLyQVHSXHGHQDSUHFLDUIHQyPHQRVGLVWLQWRVVLQFRQWDUFRQ
ODVSRVLEOHVPL[WLÀFDFLRQHVTXHKDQWHQLGROXJDUHQHOWUDQVFXUVRGHDSUR[LPD
GDPHQWHXQVLJOR
$XQTXHFDGDXQRGHHVWRVGLHFLVpLVIHQyPHQRVFRQVXVP~OWLSOHVUHODFLRQHV
HVDSDVLRQDQWHSRUVtPLVPRQRSUHWHQGRDERUGDUHOHVWXGLRVREUHORVDVSHFWRV
SRpWLFR PXVLFDO QL YXOJDU WDPSRFR HV PL LQWHQFLyQ GHVHQWUDxDU VXV SRVLEOHV
RUtJHQHVHQWLHPSR\OXJDU³DVXQWRTXH\DFRQVWLWX\HUDXQRGHODVPiVIDPRVDV
\UHFLHQWHVFRQWURYHUVLDVFRQODSROpPLFDVXVFLWDGDHQWUHORV3URIHVRUHV6WHYHQ
VRQ \ 'HYRWR GXUDQWH ORV DxRV VHVHQWD³ QL GLVFXWLU VREUH ORV PiV UHFLHQWHV
WUDEDMRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQPXVLFDODSDUHFLGRVHQORVPiVSUHVWLJLRVRVGLFFLRQDULRV
HVSHFLDOL]DGRV
$WUDYpVGHODGRFXPHQWDFLyQTXHSXHGHRIUHFHULQIRUPDFLyQVREUHOD=DUD
EDQGDHVSDxRODFRPRSLH]DFRUHRJUiÀFDFRUWHVDQD\WHDWUDOHVQXHVWUDSUHWHQVLyQ
UDVWUHDU VX HYROXFLyQ D SDUWLU GH ORV PiV WHPSUDQRV GDWRV SUiFWLFRV VREUH VX
QDWXUDOH]DDSDUHFLGRVHQHOVLJOR;9,,FLQFXHQWDDxRVGHVSXpVGHODDSDULFLyQ
GHLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHORVRWURVWLSRVGH=DUDEDQGD
/DFRQFOXVLyQHIHFWLYDVREUHODEDVHGHHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQHVTXHDPHGLDGRV
GHOVLJOR;9,,HVWD]DUDEDQGDTXHGDWUDQVIRUPDGDRPiVELHQWUDQVPXWDGDHQ
-iFDUD\D~QPiVHVWDVGRVGDQ]DVVRQHOPi[LPR\~QLFRH[SRQHQWHFRUHRJUi
ÀFRGHOJpQHURIHPHQLQRHVGHFLUQLQJ~QRWURWLSRGHGDQ]DREDLOHWHDWUDOHV
DVRFLDGRHQH[FOXVLYLGDGDODVPXMHUHV
'XUDQWH OD SULPHUD PLWDG GHO VLJOR ;9,, GLVSRQHPRV GH XQD ~QLFD IXHQWH
FRUHRJUiÀFDHVSDxROD'LVFXUVRVVREUHHO$UWHGHO'DQoDGR\VXVH[FHOHQFLDV
HVFULWRSRU-XDQ(VTXLYHOGH1DYDUUR\HGLWDGRHQ6HYLOOD,PSUHQWDGH-XDQGH
%ODVHQHQODTXHHQXPHUDQGRHORUGHQHQTXHVHKDEtDGHEDLODUHQODV
HVFXHODVFRQFOX\HGHVSXpVGHPHQFLRQDUGDQ]DVFRPROD3DYDQDOD*DOODUGD
ODV )ROtDV HO 5H\ HO 9LOODQR OD &KDFRQD HO &DQDULR HO 7RUQHR \ HO 3LH GH
*LEDRFRQFOX\HQGR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
<DXQTXHKD\5DVWUR-iFDUD=DUDEDQGD\7DUUDJDHVWDVFXDWUR
SLHoDV VRQ XQD PHVPD FRVD VL ELHQ HO 5DVWUR WLHQH VXV PXGDQoDV
GLIHUHQWHV\SRUGLIHUHQWHHVWLOR
'H OD 7DUUDJD ~OWLPD GH HVWRV FXDWUR EDLOHV QR KDQ TXHGDGR YHVWLJLRV \
UHVSHFWR DO 5DVWUR WDPELpQ GHQRPLQDGR 0DULRQD VROR KD TXHGDGR UHÁHMDGR
PXVLFDOPHQWH HQ (VSDxD PLHQWUDV TXH HQ )UDQFLD TXHGy LQWHJUDGR GHQWUR GHO
VRSRUWHPXVLFDOGHODV&KDFRQQHV\3DVVDFDLOOHVFRUHRJUiÀFRVFRQFUHWDPHQWH
HQODVHFFLyQLQWHUPHGLDVLELHQQRSRGHPRVDÀUPDUTXHHOWUDQVYDVHPXVLFDO
WHQJDXQDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDFRUHRJUiÀFD
&HQWUiQGRQRVHQHOWtWXORGHHVWHWUDEDMRYDPRVDRFXSDUQRV~QLFDPHQWHGH
OD-iFDUD\OD=DUDEDQGD
¢4XpVLJQLÀFDH[DFWDPHQWHXQDPHVPDFRVD"<VLVRQORPLVPR¢3RUTXp
WLHQHQQRPEUHVGLIHUHQWHV"(VWDDÀUPDFLyQGH(VTXLYHOHQSULQFLSLRFRQWUDGLF
WRULDTXHGDHQSDUWHDFODUDGDDOGHVHQWUDxDUHOVLJQLÀFDGRGHDPERVWpUPLQRV
(QSULPHUOXJDUVHJ~QHO'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHV©PHVPDª
VHDWULEX\HDXQDFRVD~QLFDDXQTXHSDUH]FDGLYHUVDTXHVHUHSUHVHQWD
TXHVXEVLVWH\TXHVHUHFRQRFHVHUDTXHOODTXHVHKDYLVWR\GHTXH
VHKDRtGRKDEODU
5HVSHFWR DO WHUPLQR ©FRVDª HQ HO 7HVRUR GH OD /HQJXD &DVWHOODQD TXHGD
GHÀQLGRFRPR
7RGRORTXHWLHQHHQWLGDG
\HO'LFFLRQDULRGHDXWRULGDGHVFRPSOHPHQWDLQGLFDQGR
\DVHDHVSLULWXDORFRUSRUDOQDWXUDORDUWLÀFLDO
'H WDO PRGR KHPRV GH HQWHQGHU TXH OD -iFDUD \ OD =DUDEDQGD FRQVWLWXtDQ
XQDXQLGDGIRUPDGDSRUGRVHQWLGDGHVDXQTXHSDUHFLHUDQGLVWLQWDV
/D'DQ]DQLVHFUHDQLVHGHVWUX\HVLQRTXHVHWUDQVIRUPDVLJXLHQGRFDPL
QRVDYHFHVUHFyQGLWRVDYHFHVFRQRFLGRV'HVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDFRUHRJUiÀFD
HO&DQDULRGHVHPERFD HQ HO =DSDWHDGR OD )ROtD HQ OD (VSDxROHWD OD *DOODUGD
(VSDxROD\ODV6HJXLGLOODVHQHO%ROHURHO5RQGyQHQOD-RWDHWF(VWDVHYR
'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHVGHOD5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxROD0DGULG7,,SiJV
6HEDVWLiQ GH &RYDUUXELDV 2UR]FR 7HVRUR GH OD /HQJXD &DVWHOODQD 0DGULG /XLV 6iQFKH]
SiJ
'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHVGHOD5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxROD0DGULG7,SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
OXFLRQHV FRUHRJUiÀFDV QR VLHPSUH OOHYDQ DSDUHMDGDV HYROXFLRQHV PXVLFDOHV R
SRpWLFDVHQODPLVPDGLUHFFLyQ\DODPLVPDYHORFLGDG
/OHJDGRVDHVWHSXQWRKHPRVGHDFXGLUQXHYDPHQWHDORVGLFFLRQDULRVSDUD
DFXxDUODVGHÀQLFLRQHVGHHVWDVGRVSLH]DVFRUHRJUiÀFDV
(QHO7HVRURGHOD/HQJXD&DVWHOODQD6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVLQGLFDDFHUFD
GHOD=DUDEDQGD
%D\OHELHQFRQRFLGRHQHVWRVWLHPSRVVLQRORKXELHUDGHVSULYDGRVX
SULPDOD&KDFRQD(VDOHJUH\ODVFLYRSRUTXHVHKDFHFRQPHQHRVGHO
FXHUSRGHVFRPSXHVWRV«$XQTXHVHPXHYHQFRQWRGDVODVSDUWHVGHO
FXHUSRORVEUD]RVKDFHQORVPiVDGHPDQHVVRQDQGRODVFDVWDxHWDV«
/D SDODEUD oDUDEDQGD HV KHEUHD GHO YHUER oDUD TXH YDOH HVSDUFLU y
FHUQHUYHQWLODUDQGDUiODUHGRQGDWRGRORFXDOWLHQHODTXHEDLODOD
oDUDEDQGDTXHFLHUQHFRQHOFXHUSRiXQDSDUWH\iRWUD\YDURGHDQGR
HOWHDWURyOXJDUGRQGHEDLODSRQLHQGRFDVLHQFRQGLFLyQDORVTXHOD
PLUDQ\GHLPLWDUVXVPRYLPLHQWRV\VDOLUDED\ODUFRPRVHÀQJHHQ
HOHQWUHPpVGHO$OFDOGHGH1DYDOSXHUFR
&RYDUUXELDVQRDOXGHHQQLQJ~QPRPHQWRDORVDVSHFWRVSRpWLFRRPXVLFDO
VLQRTXHVHFHQWUD~QLFD\H[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQHOFRUHRJUiÀFR\HQHVWHVHQWLGR
DERUGDSULPHUDPHQWHHOFDUiFWHUGHHVWD=DUDEDQGD'HÀQLpQGRORFRPR©DOHJUH
\ODVFLYRªDGMHWLYRVTXHHQODDFWXDOLGDGQRSRVHHQHOPLVPRVLJQLÀFDGRTXH
DQWDxR SRU OR TXH DO SURFHGHU D HIHFWXDU XQD QXHYD FRQVXOWD REWHQHPRV XQD
LQIRUPDFLyQPiVSUHFLVDSXHVDXQTXHHOWpUPLQR©DOHJUHªQRÀJXUH©DOHJUtDª
VLJQLÀFD
8QDGHODVSDVLRQHVGHODOPD
<D~QPiV
/DDOHJUtDVLHPSUHVHPXHVWUDFRQVHxDOHVH[WHULRUHVGHFRQWHQWR
(QHVWHFRQWH[WR©DOHJUHªVLJQLÀFD©DSDVLRQDGRªTXH©H[WHULRUL]DVXFRQ
WHQWRª
(ODXWRUDOUHIHULUVHDOWHUPLQR©ODVFLYLDªLQGLFDTXHQRHVPX\XVDGRHQOD
OHQJXDHVSDxROD\TXH
6HEDVWLiQ GH &RYDUUXELDV 2UR]FR 7HVRUR GH OD /HQJXD &DVWHOODQD 0DGULG /XLV 6iQFKH]
SiJ
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
9DOH OXMXULD LQFRQWLQHQFLD GH iQLPR LQFOLQDFLyQ \ SURSHQVLyQ D
ODV FRVDV YHQpUHDV EODQGDV \ UHJDODGDV DOHJUHV \ FKRFDUUHVFDV HQ
HVWDPDWHULD
\HQVXVHJXQGDDFHSFLyQ©ODVFLYRªHV
HOTXHHVWiDIHFWRGHWDOSDVLyQRHVLQFLWDPLHQWRGHOOD
1R SRGtD XWLOL]DU XQ OHQJXDMH PiV FRUUHFWR SDUD GHÀQLU HO FDUiFWHU GH OD
=DUDEDQGDTXHWUDVODGDGRDOOHQJXDMHDFWXDOQRHVQLPiVQLPHQRVTXHSDVLyQ
\HURWLVPR
6REUHODPDQLIHVWDFLyQItVLFDGHHVWDSDVLyQ&RYDUUXELDVHVPX\H[SOtFLWR
VHKDFHFRQPHQHRVGHOFXHUSRGHVFRPSXHVWRV
(VGHFLUFRQPRYLPLHQWRVGHOFXHUSRDWUHYLGRV\GHVPHVXUDGRV
(QSULQFLSLRSXHGHSDUHFHUTXHVHUHÀHUHDPRYLPLHQWRVDWUHYLGRV\DPSOLRV
VLQHPEDUJRGHVPHVXUDGRVRIXHUDGHPHGLGDHVXQDIRUPDGHH[SUHVDUTXH
VRQSURSLRVGHODVJHQWHVGHEDMDFRQGLFLyQSXHVWRTXHODVSHUVRQDVGHFXHQWD
RGHFDOLGDGVHGLVWLQJXtDQSRUODPHVXUDGHVXVPRYLPLHQWRV\DFFLRQHV
6LQ HPEDUJR HVWRV PRYLPLHQWRV FRUSRUDOHV QR VRQ HO SULQFLSDO IRFR GH
DWHQFLyQSRUTXH
$XQTXH VH PXHYHQ FRQ WRGDV ODV SDUWHV GHO FXHUSR ORV EUD]RV
KDFHQORVPiVDGHPDQHVVRQDQGRODVFDVWDxHWDV
(VGHFLUHOSULQFLSDODWUDFWLYRGHOD=DUDEDQGDQRVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOFXHUSR
GHTXLHQODLQWHUSUHWDVLQRHQORVEUD]RV\ODVPDQRV
3DUDFRUURERUDUHVWH~OWLPRDVSHFWRVREUHODVPDQRVHQHO'U&DQR
\8UUHWDLQIRUPDTXHOD=DUDEDQGDFRQVLVWtDHQJHVWRV\PRYLPLHQWRVGHPD
QRV
$FKDFy5RPDHVWHPDOGHOEDLOHD&iGL]\$QGDOXFtDGHTXLHQ
HQYH]GHVDOWDUYDURQLO\IXHUWHPXGyHOEDLOHVXSHUIHFFLyQHQYXHO
WDV GH EUD]RV \ PHQHRVODVFLYRV6LHQGR TXL]iODGH VX &KLURQRPtD
QXHVWUD=DUDEDQGDODTXH+DOPDQXHVWUD&KDFRQD\ODTXHODVWLPD
Anterior
&IU6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWSiJ
'U$ORQVR&DQR\8UUHWD'tDVGHMDUGtQIRO
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
QXHVWUR(VFDUUDPDQ3XHVODSULPHUD>]DUDEDQGD@FRQVLVWtDHQJHVWRV
\PRYLPLHQWRVGHPDQRVODVHJXQGD>FKDFRQD@HVWULEDEDHQORVSLHV
\ODWHUFHUD>HVFDUUDPDQ@(QTXHEUDUHOFXHUSR\GDUGHVFRPSXHVWRV
VDOWRV
&RQVHFXHQFLDGLUHFWDGHWRGRORDUULEDH[SXHVWRHVSUHFLVRUHYLVDUHOFRQ
FHSWRJHQHUDOL]DGRGHOD=DUDEDQGDFRPRGDQ]DHUyWLFRSpOYLFD\VXH[WHQGLGD
DVLPLODFLyQDODDFWXDO©GDQ]DGHOYLHQWUHªSXHVVLHQQXHVWURVGtDVHOHURWLVPR
VHPDQLÀHVWDHQHOPRYLPLHQWRGHODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHOFXHUSRGXUDQWHHOVLJOR
;9,,HOHURWLVPRHQODGDQ]DRSDUDVHUPDVSUHFLVRVHQHOEDLOHIHPHQLQRVH
DVHQWDEDSULQFLSDOPHQWHVREUHHOPRYLPLHQWRGHORVEUD]RV\ODVPDQRV/DSDUWH
LQIHULRUGHOFXHUSRVHKDOODEDRFXOWDDORVHVSHFWDGRUHVPHUFHGDODORQJLWXG\
JURVRUGHODLQGXPHQWDULDIHPHQLQD
(VSUHFLVRGHVWDFDUTXHHVWRVJHVWRVGHPDQRV\GHEUD]RVVRQORVSULQFLSDOHV
HOHPHQWRVFRUHRJUiÀFRVTXHGLVWLQJXHQDOEDLOHWHDWUDOHVSDxROGHÀQDOHVGHOVLJOR
;9,\SULQFLSLRVGHO;9,,GHORVEDLOHVGH(XURSDTXHQRLQFRUSRUDQHVWHWLSR
GHPRYLPLHQWRVVLQRHQHO~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOVLJORFRLQFLGLHQGRDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
FRQODOOHJDGDD)UDQFLDGHOD,QIDQWD0DUtD7HUHVDGH$XVWULD
9ROYLHQGRD&RYDUUXELDVHQFRQWUDPRVYDOLRVDLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHODVSHFWR
HVSDFLDO\ODVLQWHUSUHWHVGHHVWDGDQ]D
/DSDODEUDoDUDEDQGDHVKHEUHDGHOYHUERoDUDTXHYDOHHVSDUFLUy
FHUQHUYHQWLODUDQGDUiODUHGRQGDWRGRORFXDOWLHQHODTXHEDLODOD
oDUDEDQGDTXHFLHUQHFRQHOFXHUSRiXQDSDUWH\iRWUD\YDURGHDQGR
HOWHDWURyOXJDUGRQGHEDLODSRQLHQGRFDVLHQFRQGLFLyQDORVTXH
ODPLUDQ\GHLPLWDUVXVPRYLPLHQWRV\VDOLUDED\ODUFRPRVHÀQJH
HQHOHQWUHPpVGHO$OFDOGHGH1DYDOSXHUFR
/DFDUDFWHUtVWLFDSULQFLSDOHVHOHVSDFLRHQTXHVHGHVDUUROODODFLUFXQIHUHQFLD
\ ORV GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV ODWHUDOHV (VWDV VRQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HVSDFLDOHV FRPXQHV
WDQWRGHOD=DUDEDQGDFRPRGHOD-iFDUDYHUDSpQGLFH,
<SRU~OWLPROD=DUDEDQGDHVH[SOtFLWDPHQWHXQEDLOHGHJpQHURSXHVVRQ
PXMHUHVTXLHQHVODLQWHUSUHWDQ©/DTXHEDLODOD]DUDEDQGDªSHURFRQFHELGR
SDUDFRQWHPSODFLyQPDVFXOLQD©DORVTXHODPLUDQª3RUHOORWRGDVODVSUR
KLELFLRQHV\FRQWURYHUVLDVWDQWRGHOVLJOR;9,FRPRGHO;9,,VHUHÀHUHQDODV
PXMHUHVFRPRLQWpUSUHWHV\DORVKRPEUHVFRPRHVSHFWDGRUHV
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVQRLQFOX\HHOWpUPLQR©-iFDUDªR©;DFDUDªHQVX
7HVRURGHOD/HQJXD&DVWHOODQD(VWHSULPHUGDWRQRGHMDGHVHULPSRUWDQWH\D
TXHVLJQLÀFDTXHFRQFLHUWDVHJXULGDGDSULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;9,,ODMiFDUDQR
H[LVWtDFRPRIRUPDFRUHRJUiÀFD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
(Q HO 'LFFLRQDULR GH$XWRULGDGHV RIUHFH YDULDV DFHSFLRQHV VREUH OD
;DFDUD TXH FRUURERUDQ XQ SDUDOHOLVPR FRQ OD =DUDEDQGD TXH LQGLFiEDPRV DO
SULQFLSLRGHQXHVWUDSRQHQFLD
6HWRPDWDPELpQSRUHOWDxLGRTXHVHWRFDSDUDFDQWDUyEDLODU
&RPRWHUFHUDDFHSFLyQDSDUHFHODIRUPDFRUHRJUiÀFD
6HOODPDDVLPLVPRXQDHVSHFLHGHGDQ]DIRUPDGDDOWDxLGR\VRQ
SURSLRGHOD[iFDUD
<DFRQWLQXDFLyQRIUHFHLQIRUPDFLyQFRPSOHPHQWDULD
(QHVWLORIDPLOLDUVHWRPDSRUPROHVWLDRHQIDGRWRPDGDODDOXVLyQ
GHOTXHFDXVDQORVTXHDQGDQGHQRFKHFDQWDQGR[iFDUDV
TXHFRLQFLGHFRQOD~OWLPDDFHSFLyQGH=DUDEDQGDHQHOPLVPRGLFFLRQDULR
3RU H[WHQVLyQ VH OODPD FXDOTXLHU FRVD TXH FDXVH UXLGR EXOOD R
PROHVWLDUHSHWLGD
'RV OtQHDV HQ HO EUHYLDULR FRUHXWLFR GH -XDQ (VTXLYHO GH 1DYDUUR SXHGHQ
VHUODFODYHSDUDFRPHQ]DUDGHVHQWUDxDUQRHORULJHQVLQRDOJXQDVGHODVFD
UDFWHUtVWLFDVFRUHRJUiÀFDV\GHODGDQ]DTXHDFWXDOPHQWHRVWHQWDODIDPDGHVHU
ODPiVSHUVHJXLGD\DGPLUDGDHQOD(VSDxDGHO6LJORGH2UR
3HUR¢)XHYHUGDGHUDPHQWHWDQIDPRVD\SHUVHJXLGD"
/DOH\HQGDGHOD]DUDEDQGDFRPRSURWRWLSRGHSLH]DGHPRQtDFD\ODVFLYDKD
VLGRIRUMDGDHQHOVLJOR;;\ODGHPRQL]DFLyQDQDWHPL]DFLyQGHOD=DUDEDQGDQR
HVVLQRXQRGHORVUHVLGXRVGHOD©/H\HQGDQHJUDª\GHODLPDJHQGHOD(VSDxD
,QTXLVLWRULDO DOLPHQWDGR SRU HQ SULPHU OXJDU SRU ODV P~OWLSOHV DSDULFLRQHV GH
IUDJPHQWRVGHORVHVFULWRVGH-XDQGH0DULDQDHQODPD\RUtDGHORVWH[WRVGXUDQWH
HVWHVLJOR\HQVHJXQGROXJDUSRUODFRQIXVLyQHQWUHOD]DUDEDQGDFRUHRJUiÀFD
\VXKRPyQLPDOtULFD
/D=DUDEDQGDFRUHRJUiÀFDQRIXHHOREMHWR~QLFRGHODVFRQWURYHUVLDVVREUH
HO7HDWURQLDFDSDUyHOKiEHDVGHODVUHJODPHQWDFLRQHVWHDWUDOHV\SURKLELFLRQHV
GXUDQWHHO~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOVLJOR;9,\WRWDOLGDGGHVLJOR;9,,HQDSpQGLFHV
,,\,,,
'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHVW,,,SiJ
'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHVW,,,SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
/DOH\HQGDGHHVWHEDLOHFRPRSURWRWLSRGHODSLH]DGHPRQtDFD\ODVFLYDVLQ
HVSHFLÀFLGDGVREUHVXQDWXUDOH]DKDVLGRIRUMDGDHQHO6LJOR;;
1XHVWUDRSLQLyQHVTXHVXUJLyDSDUWLUGHODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHOD=DUDEDQGD
FRPRXQDXQLGDGVLQGLVWLQFLyQGHQLGHVXQDWXUDOH]DSRpWLFDOtULFDRFRUHR
JUiÀFDQLGHOHQWRUQRHQTXHVHLQWHUSUHWDED\GHOFRQWHQLGRGHOD&ROHFFLyQ
GH HQWUHPHVHV ORDV EDLOHV MiFDUDV \ PRMLJDQJDV GHVGH ÀQHV GHO VLJOR ;9, D
PHGLDGRVGHO;9,,,HGLWDGDSRU(PLOLR&RWDUHOR\0RULHQ\FX\RFRQWH
QLGRKDVLGRSURIXVDPHQWHXWLOL]DGRWDQWRSRUHVSDxROHVFRPRSRUH[WUDQMHURV
DORODUJRGHO6LJOR;;
&RWDUHOR HQ HVWH YROXPHQ VH EDVD HQ ORV WH[WRV GHO 3 -XDQ GH 0DULDQD
DSDUHFLGRVHQ\UHHGLWDGRVHQ
+DVDOLGRHVWRVDxRVXQEDLOH\FDQWDUWDQODVFLYRHQODVSDODEUDV
WDQIHRHQORVPHQHRVTXHEDVWDSDUDSHJDUIXHURDXQDODVSHUVRQDV
PX\KRQHVWDV/OiPDQOHFRPXQPHQWH]DUDEDQGD\GDGRTXHVHGDQ
GLIHUHQWHVFDXVDV\GHULYDFLRQHVGHWDOQRPEUHQLQJXQDVHWLHQHSRUDYH
ULJXDGD\FLHUWDORTXHVHVDEHHVTXHVHKDLQYHQWDGRHQ(VSDxD
'LFKR WH[WR KDQ GH VHU DERUGDGR FRQ PLQXFLRVLGDG \ FDXWHOD \D TXH SRU
XQD SDUWH HV SUHFLVR GLVWLQJXLU HQWUH ODV GRV UHDOLGDGHV TXH SUHVHQWD SXHV HO
FDOLÀFDWLYRGHODVFLYRQRVHHQFXHQWUDUHIHULGRDOEDLOHVLQRDOWH[WR(OEDLOH
TXHGDGHÀQLGRFRPR©IHRHQORVPHQHRVª6HJXLPRVFRQVXOWDQGRD&RYDUUXELDV
\HQFRQWUDPRVTXHIHR
'HOQRPEUHODWLQR)2('86$P4XRGHVWGHIRUPH
<DFRQWLQXDFLyQ©IHDOGDGª
'HVSURSRUFLyQHQODVÀJXUDVRPLHPEURVGHORVKRPEUHV\WDPELpQ
GHORVDQLPDOHVEUXWRV\GHFXDOTXLHUDFRVDTXHQRJXDUGDHQVLRUGHQ
QLUD]yQRSURSRUFLyQSRUORFXDORIHQGHOXHJRDOTXHODPLUD
(QHVWDGHÀQLFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDODFODYHGHOUHFKD]RKDFLDHOEDLOHQRHVXQD
FXHVWLyQPRUDOVLQRHVWpWLFDSXHVSURSRUFLyQTXHGDGHÀQLGDFRPR
/RTXHWLHQHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHVt\VXVSDUWHV
3-XDQGH0DULDQD©'HORV(VSHFWiFXORVªHQ'H5HJH&DS;,,
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVRSFLWSiJ
,ELGHPSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
/DSURSRUFLyQWLHQHXQOXJDUSUHSRQGHUDQWHHQODVDUWHV\ODGDQ]DQRFRQVWL
WX\HXQDH[FHSFLyQ1RYDPRVDSURIXQGL]DUHQVXVFRQVHFXHQFLDVFRUHRJUiÀFDV
SHUR GHVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD OD ]DUDEDQGD TXHGD FRPR IRUPD FRUHRJUiÀFD TXH
QRVHDWLHQHDORVFiQRQHVHVWDEOHFLGRVSRUQRJXDUGDUHQVLHORUGHQODUD]yQ
QLODSURSRUFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDV
'HVGHXQD SHUVSHFWLYD FUtWLFD ORV WH[WRV GHO 3 0DULDQD QR FRQVWLWX\HQ XQ
GRFXPHQWRKLVWyULFRHQVXVHQWLGRDEVROXWRVLQRXQDIXHQWHFXDQWRPHQRVGX
GRVD\DTXHHOSURSLRDXWRUFRQÀHVDQRKDEHUDVLVWLGRQXQFDDXQDUHSUHVHQ
WDFLyQWHDWUDO$QWHWDODÀUPDFLyQHVSUHFLVRHIHFWXDUXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQFUtWLFD
HO WH[WR \ SODQWHDUVH ORV VLJXLHQWHV LQWHUURJDQWHV ¢5HSURGXFtD HO 3 0DULDQD
FRPHQWDULRVHLPSUHVLRQHVGHRWURVHVSHFWDGRUHV"¢5HDOPHQWHQXQFDSUHVHQFLy
ODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHXQD=DUDEDQGD"
&RQWLQXDQGR FRQ XQD DSUR[LPDFLyQ FUtWLFD KDFLD HO SURSLR DXWRU ¢(VWDED
FDSDFLWDGRSDUDLGHQWLÀFDUXQD=DUDEDQGDVREUHHOHVFHQDULR"
(OSODQWHDPLHQWRGHHVWDVFXHVWLRQHVREOLJDDFRQWHPSODUEDMRRWUDSHUVSHF
WLYDHVWRVWH[WRV
3RURWUDSDUWHODVDWULEXFLRQHVJHQHUDOL]DGDVGH©PHQHRVODVFLYRV\JHVWRV
GHVKRQHVWRVªVHHQFXHQWUDQSRULJXDOWDQWRHQODGHVFULSFLyQGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
GH&RPHGLDVFRPRHQODGHORV%DLOHVFRUHRJUiÀFRVFRPRWpUPLQRJHQHUDO\
SRUH[WHQVLyQHQOD=DUDEDQGDHQORVQXPHURVRVHVFULWRVHVWXGLDGRV
/DV FRQWURYHUVLDV VREUH HO 7HDWUR \ SULQFLSDOPHQWH VREUH ODV FRPHGLDV
FRQVWLWX\HURQ XQD HVSHFLH GH ©'HSRUWH GH &RPSHWLFLyQª HQWUH ORV VHJXLGRUHV
GHODVGRFWULQDVGH3ODWyQ\$ULVWyWHOHVHQFRQWUD\/XFLDQRGH6DPRVWDWRD
IDYRU /RV WH[WRV \ DUJXPHQWRV GH HVWRV WUHV DXWRUHV ³TXH QR VLHPSUH HUDQ
PHQFLRQDGRV³VRQORVTXHPiVDPHQXGRVHXWLOL]DQ
$KRUDELHQDODYLVWDGHORVWH[WRVWDQWRGHO30DULDQDFRPRGHORVGHPiV
UHOLJLRVRV TXH GLFWDPLQDQ VHU SHFDGR PRUWDO DFXGLU DO 7HDWUR VH SUHFLVD XQD
UHYLVLyQVREUHORVWH[WRV\ORVDXWRUHVGHHVWDVFRQWURYHUVLDVDSOLFDQGRODVFXHV
WLRQHV DUULED PHQFLRQDGDV \D HQ ORV PLVPRV TXHGDQ UHÁHMDGDV HQ RFDVLRQHV
DÀUPDFLRQHVSRFRYHURVtPLOHVGHELGRDVXH[DJHUDFLyQFRPRODTXHHQFRQWUDPRV
HQHOWH[WRGH)UDQFLVFR2UWL]HQODTXHUHVXOWDHYLGHQWHODLPSRVLELOLGDGSDUD
GDQ]DUHQXQDQLxDTXHDXQQRFDPLQDHQELSHGHVWDFLyQ
'H ORV EDLOHV \ FDQWDUHV TXH SXHGHQ \ VXHOHQ VHU FLUFXQVWDQFLDV
GHODVFRPHGLDV©(VWHEDLOHGHOD=DUDEDQGDFRPRHVPDORHVPX\
DQWLJXRHQHOPXQGR«<TXHDSHQDVVHSDODQLxDWHQHUVHHQSLH
FXDQGR\DODHQVHxDQXQDPXGDQFLOODGH=DUDEDQGD
)UDQFLVFR2UWL]$SRORJtDHQGHIHQVDGHODVFRPHGLDVTXHVHUHSUHVHQWDQHQ(VSDxD0DGULG
%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO0VVIROVUY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
1RFDEHGXGDGHTXHHQVXVHVFULWRVEDMRODLQÁXHQFLDGHOSODWRQLVPRDWDFDQ
DO©%D\OHª6DOWDWLRQRSRUVLPLVPRVLQRFRPRUHÁHMRGHOD©GHJUDGDFLyQª
FRQUHVSHFWRDOD'DQ]D7ULSXGLRDOFRQYHUWLUXQDUWHOLEHUDO³SURSLDGHOD
QREOH]D³HQXQDUWHPHFiQLFDSURSLDGHOYXOJR
«SHURODTXHWLHQGHDODVJDQDQFLDVHFRQyPLFDVRDXQFLHJRYLJRU
ItVLFRRLQFOXVRDXQFRQRFLPLHQWRVLQUD]yQQLMXVWLFLDDÀUPRTXHHV
XQDFRVDDUWHVDQDO\QRSURSLDGHOKRPEUHOLEUHQRGLJQDHQDEVROXWR
GHVHUOODPDGDHGXFDFLyQ
1RYDPRVDLQWHUQDUQRVHQHOSDSHOGHODGDQ]DFRPRDUWHOLEHUDOHQODHGX
FDFLyQ GH OD QREOH]D SHUR HV LQWHUHVDQWH FRQVWDWDU OD HGXFDFLyQ FRUHRJUiÀFD
UHÁHMDGD HQ HO 7HDWUR GH &ROHJLR SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV UHJLGDV
SRUOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~V
&RLQFLGLHQGR SDUFLDOPHQWH FRQ ORV FRQFHSWRV GHO 3 0DULDQD HVWRV WH[WRV
UHÁHMDQ OD GLVRFLDFLyQ HQWUH OD HVWpWLFD GH ORV FXHUSRV IHPHQLQRV ³GHVFULWRV
FRPRFXHUSRVDSROtQHRV
(QORTXHKDFHDOFXHUSRFRQVLGHURTXHGHEHPRVWUDUHOFDQRQGH
3ROLFOHWR SXHV QR GHEH VHU QL GHPDVLDGR DOWR QL DODUJDGR IXHUD GH
SURSRUFLyQ QL FRUWR \ HQDQR GH QDWXUDOH]D VLQR SURSRUFLRQDGR FRQ
H[DFWLWXGQLGHPDVLDGRJRUGRSXHVQRVHUtDFUHtEOHQLGHOJDGRKDVWD
ODH[DJHUDFLyQSXHVHVWRUHVXOWDHVTXHOpWLFR\FDGDYpULFR
\VXIXQFLyQGLRQLVtDFD
9ROYLHQGR D ODV UHODFLRQHV HQWUH -iFDUD \ =DUDEDQGD GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD
H[FOXVLYDPHQWHFRUHRJUiÀFDHVSUHFLVRHVER]DUORVSDUiPHWURVGHWHUPLQDQWHVGH
ODVLPLOLWXGRGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHSLH]DV&DEHGHVWDFDUTXHHVWRVSDUiPHWURVQRVH
UHÀHUHQ HQ QLQJ~Q PRPHQWR DO VRSRUWH PXVLFDO H[WUHPR TXH \D LQGLFiEDPRV
DOSULQFLSLRGHHVWHWUDEDMR
(QHODVSHFWRFLQpWLFR\FRQFUHWDPHQWHHQODVHVWUXFWXUDVUtWPLFD\HVSDFLDO
WDQWR=DUDEDQGDFRPR-iFDUDUHVSRQGHQDXQPLVPRSDWUyQDSpQGLFH,7DPELpQ
SRVHHQXQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDFRP~QODOHQWLWXGTXHFRQVWLWX\HODLQVWUXPHQWDFLyQ
FRUHRJUiÀFDGHXQDQHFHVLGDGHVFpQLFDGHULYDGDGHVXFDUiFWHU
(O HURWLVPR \ OD VHQVXDOLGDG HVFpQLFD VRQ OHQWRV SXHV OHV HV GLUHFWDPHQWH
GHDSOLFDFLyQHOSULQFLSLRWHDWUDOGHDFFLyQ³UHDFFLyQTXHSDVDSRUXQWLHPSR
3ODWyQ/H\HVD
3DUDXQDPD\RULQIRUPDFLyQ&IU-RVp6LPyQ'tD]+LVWRULDGHO&ROHJLR,PSHULDOGH0DGULG
0DGULG,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV0DGULOHxRVSiJV
3ODWyQRSFLWV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
SUHFLVRSDUDODSHUFHSFLyQ³DVLPLODFLyQGHOHVSHFWDGRUWDQWRGHODVSHFWRWH[WXDO
VLJQLÀFDGRFRPRGHOFLQpWLFRVLJQLÀFDQWH'HVGHODDQWLJHGDGODVSDVLRQHV
KXPDQDVKDQVXIULGRSRFDVPRGLÀFDFLRQHVUHVXOWDGLItFLOLPDJLQDUVHD9HQXV
LQWHQWDQGRVHGXFLUD0DUWHPRYLpQGRVHDWRGDYHORFLGDG
8QHMHPSORPiVODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGXUDQWHHOVLJOR;9,,GHOD=DUDEDQGDFRQ
ODGDQ]DGH6DORPpDQWH+HURGHVHQODFXDOVHJ~QLQGLFDODWUDGLFLyQ6DORPp
IXHDUURMDQGRXQRDXQRORVVLHWHYHORVTXHODFXEUtDQ
8QYHORWLHQHFRPRPDWHULDODJDVDTXHHVXQWHMLGRH[WUHPDGDPHQWHOLJHUR
GHWDOPRGRTXHQRWLHQHSHVRVXÀFLHQWHFRPRSDUDVHUDUURMDGRFRQIXHU]DVX
YHORFLGDGHVOHQWDSXHVÁRWDHQHODLUH\WDUGDHQDOFDQ]DUHOVXHOR
$PHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR;9,,GXUDQWHXQEUHYHSHULRGRFRQYLYHQ=DUDEDQGD\
-iFDUDSDUDHQHO~OWLPRWHUFLRSHUPDQHFHU~QLFD\H[FOXVLYDPHQWHHVWD~OWLPD
FXPSOLHQGRODPLVPDIXQFLyQVHJ~QVHGHVSUHQGHGHORVWH[WRVUHODFLRQDGRVHQ
DSpQGLFH,9\DSDUWLUGHO~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOVLJOROD=DUDEDQGDVHFRQVLGHUDXQ
EDLOHDQWLJXR\HQGHVXVR/DMiFDUDFRUHRJUiÀFDSHUYLYH\HYROXFLRQDGXUDQWH
HO6LJOR;9,,,SHURHVDHVRWUDKLVWRULD
$3e1',&(,
1RVHKDFRQVHUYDGR³RKDVWDHOPRPHQWRQRKDVLGRHQFRQWUDGD³QLQJX
QD]DUDEDQGDFRUHRJUiÀFDHQ(VSDxDSHURVtVHKDFRQVHUYDGRODQRWDFLyQGH
SLH]DVGHHVWHWLSRSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODYHUWLHQWHHVSDxRODGHOUHSHUWRULRWHDWUDO
IUDQFpV
3RUHOORFRPRHMHPSORGHPRVWUDWLYRGHOD=DUDEDQGDLQVHUWDPRVODQRWDFLyQ
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODSLH]DFRUHRJUiÀFDDVtGHQRPLQDGDSHUWHQHFLHQWHDOD(QWUDGD
(VSDxRODGH&RPHGLD%DOOHW/H%RXUJHRLV*HQWLOKRPPHFX\DFRPSRVLFLyQPX
VLFDOVHGHEHD*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWDU/XOO\\TXHHQVXVGLYHUVDVSXHVWDVHQHVFHQD
0LJXHOGH&HUYDQWHV6DDYHGUD(O5HWDEORGHODV0DUDYLOODV©&+,5,126(VDGRQFHOODTXH
DJRUDVHPXHVWUDWDQJDODQD\WDQFRPSXHVWDHVODOODPDGD+HURGtDVFX\REDLOHDOFDQ]yHQSUHPLROD
FDEH]D GHO 3UHFXUVRU GH OD YLGD 6L KD\ TXLHQ OD D\XGH D EDLODU YHUiQ PDUDYLOODV %(1,72 £eVWD Vt
FXHUSR GHO PXQGR TXH HV ÀJXUD KHUPRVD DSDFLEOH \ UHOXFLHQWH £+LGHSXWD \ FyPR TXH VH YXHOYH OD
PRFKDF>K@D6REULQR5HSROORW~TXHVDEHVGHDFKDTXHGHFDVWDxHWDVD\~GDOD\VHUiODÀHVWDGHFXDWUR
FDSDV 62%5,12 4XH PH SODFH WtR %HQLWR 5HSROOR 7RFDQ OD ]DUDEDQGD &$3$&+2 £7RPD PL
DEXHORVLHVDQWLJXRHOEDLOHGHOD=DUDEDQGD\GHOD&KDFRQD%(1,72(DVREULQRWpQVHODVWLHVDVD
HVDEHOODFDMRGtDª
6REUHODVUHODFLRQHVFRUHRJUiÀFDVHQWUH(VSDxD\)UDQFLDGXUDQWHHO6LJOR;9,,\FRQFUHWDPHQWH
VREUH OD SHUPDQHQFLD GH ODV FRPSDxtDV GH 6HEDVWLiQ *DUFtD GH 3UDGR \ 3HGUR GH OD 5RVD HQ OD &RUWH
)UDQFHVDUHVXOWDLOXVWUDWLYDODLQIRUPDFLyQDSDUHFLGDHQ(PLOLR&RWDUHOR\0RUL6HEDVWLDQGH3UDGR\
VXPXMHU%HUQDUGD5DPtUH]0DGULG7LSRJUDItDGHOD5HYLVWDGH$UFKLYRV%LEOLRWHFDV\0XVHRV
DPSOLDPHQWHFRUURERUDGDSRUODGRFXPHQWDFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQHO$UFKLYR+LVWyULFRGH0DGULGWUDQVFULWRHQ
SDUWHHQ-RKQ9DUH\\1'6KHUJROG7HDWUR\&RPHGLDVHQ0DGULG(VWXGLR\'RFXPHQWRV
/RQGUHV7DPHVLV%RRNV/LPLWHG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
IXHFRUHRJUDÀDGD3LHUUH%HDXFKDPSV/RXLV3HFRFXU\RWURVFRPSRVLWRUHVGH
GDQ]DGXUDQWHORVVLJORV;9,,\;9,,,(QHVWHFDVRKHPRVHOHJLGRODQRWDFLyQ
PDVWHPSUDQDTXHVHFRQVHUYDSHUWHQHFLHQWHDODFRUHRJUDItDGHHVWH~OWLPR
=DUDEDQGDSDUD0XMHUGH/H%RXUJHRLV*HQWLOKRPPH
5DRXO$XJHU )HXLOOHW 5HFXHLO 'H 'DQFHV &RQWHQDQW 8Q 7UHV 7UDQG 1RPEUH '·HQWUpHV 'H
%DOOHW'H0U3pFRXU3DULV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
(QODQRWDFLyQGHHVWDSLH]DVHSXHGHQREVHUYDUWDQWRORVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRV
ODWHUDOHVFRPRFLUFXODUHV³HVWRV~OWLPRVUHFXUUHQWHVDPRGRGHULWRUQHOOR³TXH
PHQFLRQD&RYDUUXELDV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
-iFDUD/LEUR'H'DQ]DU'H'%DOWDVDU5RMDV3DQWRMD&RPSXHVWRSRUHO0DHVWUR-XDQ
$QWRQLR-DTXH%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULG0V
&RPRHMHPSORGH-iFDUDLQFOXLPRVODGHO/LEURGH'DQ]DUGH'%DOWDVDU
GH5RMDV3DQWRMDFX\DWUDQVFULSFLyQLQFRUSRUDPRVDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
&RUWHVtD3DVVR\-XQWDU\&DUJDGRHQ]LUFXORTXHGDQGRHQ3ODQWD
HQHO3XHVWRTXHVHFRPLHQ]D3DVR\-XQWDUFRQHO3LH,]TXLHUGR\
3DVVR\DEULUFRQHOSURSLRDQGDQGRDVWDHODXGLWRULR&DUJDGRFRQ
HOSLH,]DXHLIGRED]LR%D]LR/ODPDGDHVWRVHUHSLWHDVWDHOVLWLR
GRQGH VH FRPLHQ]D 6DOWR \ HQFD[H DO ODGR FRQ HO L]TXLHUGR /D
0XGDQ]DGHO$PRODGRU6DOWR\HQFDMHFRQHO'HUHFKR\GHVD]HUOD
FDPSDQHOD\TXLHEURFRQHO'HUHFKRTXDGURSHDGRFRQHOL]TXLHU
GR<VDFXGLUFRQHOPLVPR<SDVVRVDFXGLUFRQHO'HUHFKR\SDVR
HQ]LUFXORDVWDHODXGLWRULR(QFDMHVFRQ&DPSDQHODVDVWDHOSXHVWR
TXHVHFRPLHQ]D'RVEXHOWDVODXQDSRUHOODGR,]TXLHUGR\ODRWUD
SRUHOGHUHFKR&RQHVWDPLVPDPXGDQ]D6DOWR\HQFD[HFRQHO3LH
,]TXLHUGR\VDOWR\VDFXGLUFRQHO'HUHFKR\6DOWR\HQFD[HFRQHO
'HUHFKR<6DOWR\VDFXGLUFRQHO,]TXLHUGRVDOWDUFRQHO'HUHFKR
>WDFKDGRHQRULJLQDO@0LVPR\VDFXGLUFRQHO'HUHFKR6DOWDUFRQ
HO'HUHFKR\6DFXGLUFRQHO,]TXLHUGRXQDEXHOWDFRQORVSLHVMXQWRV
\GHVD]HUOD/D0XGDQ]DGHORV*ULOORVSDVVDQGRHO]LUFXORFXDWUR
FDUJDGRV D XQ ODGR FRQ HO SLH GHUHFKR RWURV FXDWUR FDUJDGRV DO
RWURODGRFRQHOL]TXLHUGR3DVVR\5RPSHU\3DVR\5RPSHUFRQ
HORWURHQ]LUFXORKDVWDHOSXHVWRGRQGHVHFRPLHQ]D6DOWRFRQHO
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
,]TXLHUGR&DPSDQHOD\HQFD[HFRQHO'HUHFKRHQ]LUFXORDVWDGRGH
VHFRPLHQ]D6DOWDU\&UX]DU\6DOWDU\FUX]DUFRQHORWURVDFXGLGR
SDVR\&DPSDQHODHQEXHOWDTXLHEUR\HQFD[H\SDVRHQ=LUFXOR
DVWDHO3ULQ]LSLR6DFXGLUFRQHO,]TXLHUGR\&DUUHULOODOR0LVPR
FRQ HO RWUR HQ ]LUFXOR DVWD GRQGH VH FRPLHQ]D 0HGLD )ORUHWD HQ
]LUFXORDVWDHODXGLWRULR6DOWR\HQFD[HFRQHOL]TXLHUGRÁRUHWD\
6DOWR\HQFD[H5RPSHUFRQHOGHUHFKRGRVFDUUHULOODV>GHVSOD]DPLHQ
WRODWHUDO@\PHGLD5HEHUHQ]LDFRUWDGD\)ORUHR\3DVVRDGHODQWH
FRQHO,]TXLHUGR7RSHWLOOR\6DOWR\HQFD[HDWUDV\ÁRUHWDFRQHO
'HUHFKR6DOWR\HQFD[H\5RPSHUFRQHO,]TXLHUGR'RVFDUUHULOODV
>GHVSOD]DPLHQWRODWHUDO@\PHGLD5HEHUHQ]LDFRUWDGDÁRUHR\3DVR
DGHODQWH FRQ HO 'HUHFKR WRSHWLOOR \ 6DOWR \ HQFD[H DWUDV FRQ HO
,]TXLHUGR&UX]DU\6DFXGLUMXQWDU\DEULU/RPLVPRFRQHORWUR
SLH5HEHUHQ]LDFRUWDGD\%XHOWDGH3HFKRV\&RUWHVLD
$ODYLVWDGHDPERVHMHPSORVQRFDEHGXGDGHTXHODHVWUXFWXUDIRUPDOHV
SDFLDOUtWPLFD\FLQpWLFDVHFRUUHVSRQGHQ
$PEDVGDQ]DVUHVSRQGHQHVSDFLDOPHQWHDXQPLVPRSDWUyQIRUPDO(QWUDGD
GHVSOD]DPLHQWR FLUFXODU D PRGR GH ULWRUQHOOR GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV ODWHUDOHV R HQ
DYDQFH\UHWURFHVRFXUYRDPRGRGHYDULDFLRQHVFRQULWRUQHOORVFLUFXODUHVTXH
HQODDFWXDOLGDGVHGHQRPLQD©SDVHRªHQORVEDLOHVGHQRPLQDGRV©)DQGDQJRª
©%XOHULDVª\©$OHJULDVªSDUDFRQFOXLUFRQXQD&RUWHVtD
/RVPRYLPLHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVWLHQHQXQDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDSDUDOHOD&DPSDQHODV
(QFDMHV)ORUHWDVSHTXHxDVYXHOWDVHWF
(QHODVSHFWRUtWPLFRDPEDVGDQ]DVWLHQHQXQDPHGLGDUtWPLFDGHWLHPSRV
FX\RVDFHQWRVRWLHPSRVIXHUWHVVHFRUUHVSRQGHQHQODYDULDQWH=DUDEDQGDFRQ
ORVWLHPSRV\\HQODYDULDQWH-iFDUDHQORVWLHPSRV
$ OD YLVWD GH ODV IXHQWHV PXVLFDOHV ³SULQFLSDOPHQWH JXLWDUUtVWLFDV³ GXUDQWH
DOJ~QWLHPSRHQHO~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOVLJOR;9,,OD-iFDUDLQFOX\HVHFXHQFLDVTXH
FRUUHVSRQGHQFRQHOSDWUyQUtWPLFRGHODYDULDQWH=DUDEDQGDTXHGHVDSDUHFHQ
DÀQDOHVGHO6LJOR
3RUORTXHVHUHÀHUHDODYHORFLGDGWDQWROD=DUDEDQGDFRPROD-iFDUDVRQ
GRV EDLOHV TXH SRGHPRV GHQRPLQDU ©OHQWRVª QR VyOR SRU UD]RQHV GH FDUiFWHU
VLQRWDPELpQSRUUD]RQHVItVLFDV\ÀVROyJLFDV
/DSURSLDHVWUXFWXUDGHORVSDVRVTXHGHWHUPLQDQXQDYHORFLGDGGHHMH
FXFLyQHQIXQFLyQGHOPRYLPLHQWRGHODSLHUQDTXHVXVWHQWDHOSHVR\GH
ODTXHPXHYH
/DLQGXPHQWDULDGHODVLQWpUSUHWHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRUODIDOGDFX\RSHVR
\SHUtPHWURQRSHUPLWHQXQDYHORFLGDGVXSHULRUDEODQFDVFRQSXQWLOOR
SRUPLQXWR/DQRWDEODQFDFRQSXQWLOORKDVLGRHOHJLGDSRUFRQVWLWXLUOD
XQLGDGUtWPLFDGHORVFRPSDVHVGHQRPLQDGRVö
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
$3e1',&(,,
0(1&,21(6$/%$,/((1*(1(5$/=$5$%$1'$<27526(1&217529(56,$662%5((/
7($752 &216(-2 '( &$67,//$ < ',&7É0(1(6
7,32
$87257Ì78/25()%,%/,2*5É),&$
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQV&DVWLOOD
&RQV&DVWLOOD
'LFWDPHQ
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
0HPRULDOHV
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
&RQWURYHUVLD
$QGUDGH$ORQVR'HORVEDLOHV\FRPHGLDVVDLQHWHVGHODVHQVXDOLGDG
$UDXMR)UDQFLVFRGH
$UJHQVROD/XSHUFLR/HRQDUGRGH0HPRULDOVREUHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHFRPHGLDV
GLULJLGRDOUH\')HOLSH,,
&DPDUJR3,JQDFLRGH
&DPRV)UD\0DUFRGH0LFURFRVPLD\JRELHUQRXQLYHUVDOGHOKRPEUH&LUVLWDQR
&DQR\8UUHWD$ORQVR'U'tDVGH-DUGtQ
&DUYDOOR3/XLV$ORQVR&LVQHGH$SROR0HGLQDGHO&DPSR
&DVFDOHV/GR)UDQFLVFR&DUWDVSKLOROyJLFDV0XUFLD/XLVYHURV
&RQVXOWDGHO&RQVHMRD60VREUHODSHUPLVLyQRSURKLELFLyQGHODVFRPHGLDV
&RQVXOWDGHO&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOODIRUPXODGDGHRUGHQGHO5H\HQ(VFDUUDPiQ
5DVWUR6RWLOOR&DSRQD
'iYLOD\3DGLOOD)U$JXVWtQ'LFWDPHQGH)UD\$JXVWtQ'iYLODHOHFWRGH6DQWR
'RPLQJR\RWURVWHyORJRVGH0DGULGVREUHSHUPLVLyQGH&RPHGLDV
$QyQLPR'LiORJRVGHODVFRPHGLDV&DUUHWHUtD
)HUUHU3-XDQ7UDWDGRGHODVFRPHGLDVHQHOTXDOVHGHFODUDVLVRQOtFLWDV%DUFHORQD
*HURQ\PR0DUJDULW&KDFRQD(VFDUUDPiQ
)RPSHURVD\4XLQWDQD33HGUR(O%XHQ=HOR9DOHQFLD6HEDVWLiQGH&RPHOODV
)UDJRVR3-XDQ%DXWLVWD5HJLPHQ5HLSXEOLFH&KULVWLDQDH/XJDQR+HUHGHURV
*DEU%RLVVDW/RUHQ]R$QLLVVRQ
*XHUUD\5LEHUD)U0DQXHOGH$SUREDFLyQ9HUGDGHUDTXLQWDSDUWHGHODVFRPHGLDV
GH&DOGHUyQ0DGULG-XDQGH9HUD7DVVLV
*X]PiQ'LHJRGH5HLQD&DWyOLFD9LGD\PXHUWHGH'0DUJDULWDGH$XVWULDUH\QD
GH(VSDxD0DGULG
*X]PiQ33HGURGH%LHQHVGHOKRQHVWRWUDEDMR\GDxRVGHODRFLRVLGDGHQRFKR
GLVFXUVRV0DGULG,PSUHQWD5HDO
+XUWDGRGH0HQGR]D33HGUR3XHQWH6FKRODVWLFDHHWPRUDOHVGLVSXWDWLRQHVGHWULEXV
YLUWXWLEXVWKHRORJLLFLV6DODPDQFD-DFLQWR7DEHUQLHO
-HV~V0DUtD)U-RVpGH3ULPHUDSDUWHGHODVH[FHOHQFLDVGHODYLUWXGGHOD&DVWLGDG
$OFDOiGH+HQDUHV9LXGDGH-XDQ*UDFLiQ
0HPRULDOLPSUHVRGLULJLGRDO5H\')HOLSH,,SDUDTXHOHYDQWHODVXVSHQVLyQHQOD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHFRPHGLDV0DGULG
0DULDQD3-XDQGH'HVSHFWDFXOLV&RORQLD$QWRQLR+LHUDWR
2UWL])UDQFLVFR©$SRORJtDHQGHIHQVDGHODVFRPHGLDVTXHVHUHSUHVHQWDQHQ(VSDxDª
HQ/LEURGHWUHoHFXULRVRV\GLEHUVRVWUDWDGRV6/
6DQWLDJR2UWL]&ULVWyEDOGH0HPRULDOVREUHFRPHGLDV"
727$/(6
Anterior
Siguiente
JUDO
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
%DLOH
2WURV =DUDEDQGD
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
$3e1',&(,,,
&Ð03872 *(1(5$/ '( '2&80(1726 62%5( (/ %$,/(
7LSR'H'RFXPHQWR
1žWRWDO
'RFXPHQWRV
H[DPLQDGRV
%DLOH
*HQHUDO
2WURV
=DUDEDQGD
&RQWURYHUVLDV
&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOOD0HPRULDOHV'LFWiPHQHV
727$/
&Ð03872 325&(178$/ '( '2&80(1726 62%5( (/ %$,/(
7LSR'H'RFXPHQWR
1žWRWDO
'RFXPHQWRV
%DLOH
*HQHUDO
2WURV
=DUDEDQGD
&RQWURYHUVLDV
&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOOD0HPRULDOHV'LFWiPHQHV
727$/
&RQHOÀQGHHVWDEOHFHUXQDPD\RUDSUR[LPDFLyQKDFLDODVLWXDFLyQUHDOGH
OD =DUDEDQGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH ODV FRQWURYHUVLDV WHDWUDOHV EDVWH RWUD SHTXHxD
HVWDGtVWLFDDSDUWLUGHORVWH[WRV
&Ð03872 *(1(5$/ '( '2&80(1726 62%5( (/ 7($752
7LSR'H'RFXPHQWR
1žWRWDO
'RFXPHQWRV
%DLOH
*HQHUDO
2WURV
=DUDEDQGD
1žWRWDO
'RFXPHQWRV
%DLOH
*HQHUDO
2WURV
=DUDEDQGD
&RQWURYHUVLDV
&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOOD0HPRULDOHV'LFWiPHQHV
727$/
325&(17$-(6
7LSR'H'RFXPHQWR
&RQWURYHUVLDV
&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOOD0HPRULDOHV'LFWiPHQHV
727$/
/DLQFLGHQFLDGHOD=DUDEDQGDHQORVWH[WRVVREUHHOWHDWURHVPtQLPD\DTXH
WDQVyORXQGHHOORVODPHQFLRQDQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
$3e1',&(,9
5(/$&,Ð1 &5212/Ð*,&$ '( 7(;726 62%5( /$ =$5$%$1'$ < /$ -É&$5$ &25(2*5É
),&$6
³$QyQLPR'RVURPDQFHVVDWtULFRV
*DODQHVORVGHODFRUWHTXHIXLVWHLVHQODMRUQDGDODVKXpUIDQDV
GH 0DGULG RV HQYtDQ HVWD FDUWD >«@ 1R KD\ HQ HO JDOHyQ PXMHU QLODGDPDFRUWHVDQDFRQTXLHQVHSDVHODQRFKHDLODQGROD=DUD
EDQGD
$ORTXHHOORVFRQWHVWDQ
$OHVWUDJDGRDSHWLWRPRVWUDVWHVOD=DUDEDQGDSRUTXHHOPDQMDU
GHVDEULGRVHFRPLHVHSRUODVDOVD
³3HGUR6iQFKH]+LVWRULDPRUDO\SKLORVySKLFD
¢<TXpFRUGXUDSXHGHKDEHUHQODPXMHUTXHHQHVWRVGLDEyOLFRV
HMHUFLFLRVVDOHGHODFRPSRVLFLyQ\PHVXUDTXHGHEHDVXKRQHVWLGDG
GHVFXEULHQGRFRQHVWRVVDOWRVORVSHFKRV\ORVSLHV\DTXHOODVFRVDV
TXHODQDWXUDOH]DRHODUWHRUGHQyTXHDQGXYLHVHQFXELHUWDV"¢4XpGLUp
GHOKDOFRQHDUFRQORVRMRVGHOUHYROYHUODVFHUYLFHV\DQGDUFROHDQGR
ORVFDEHOORV\GDUYXHOWDVDODUHGRQGD\KDFHUYLVDMHVFRPRDFDHFH
HQOD]DUDEDQGDSROYLOORFKDFRQD\RWUDVGDQ]DV"
³)U0DUFRGH&DPRV\5HTXHVHQV0LFURFRVPLD\JRELHUQRXQLYHUVDO
GHOKRPEUHFULVWLDQRHQGLDORJR3DUWH,GLDORJ;,,SiJV
'RQGHFRQHVWHUHFDWRQRVHEDLODSHURFRQODVQXHYDVLQYHQFLRQHV
GHOGHPRQLRQXHYDPHQWHLQYHQWDGDVDTXHOODPDQ=DUDEDQGDV\R
QRVHFRPRVHSXHGHGHMDUGHFRQFXUULURIHQVDD'LRV\KDJRPDUD
YLOODGHTXHHQWUHJHQWHGLVFUHWD\GHEXHQOOHQJXDMHVHKD\DDGPLWLGR
FRVDWDQSHUQLFLRVDVLQGDUHQODFXHQWDTXHDXQTXHQRKXELHVHPiV
ÀQTXHEDLODUVRQWDQODVFLYRV\VXFLRVORVPHQHRV\JHVWRVGHHVWD
HQGLDEDODGDLQYHQFLyQTXHVHSLHUGHPXFKRODKRQHVWLGDG\GHFRUR
FRPRVHDYHUGDGTXHDOLPSHULRGHODUD]yQVRQORVPRYLPLHQWRVGH
ORV PLHPEURV ¢FRPR GLUHPRV VHU OD GRQFHOOD KRQHVWD EDLODQGR
FRQWDQWDVROWXUD\GHVKRQHVWLGDG"
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
³$ORQVR /ySH] 3LQFLDQR )LORVRItD DQWLJXD SRpWLFD 0DGULG (StVWROD
SiJ
6HOHYDQWyODXQD\ODRWUDGHODPHVD\ODPR]DFRQVXYLKXHOD
GDQ]DQGR \ OD YLHMD FRQ XQD JXLWDUUD FDQWDQGR \ GDQ]DQGR GLMHURQ
GH DTXHOODV VXFLDV ERFDV PLO SRUTXHUtDV HVIRU]iQGRODV FRQ ORV LQV
WUXPHQWRV \ PRYLPLHQWRV GH VXV FXHUSRV SRFR FDVWRV (VWD HV OD
=DUDEDQGDTXHGLFHQ
³0DULDQD3-XDQGH©'HORV(VSHFWiFXORVªHQ'H5HJHFDS
;,,
KDVDOLGRHVWRVDxRVXQEDLOH\FDQWDUWDQODVFLYRHQODVSDODEUDVWDQ
IHRHQORVPHQHRVTXHEDVWDSDUDSHJDUIXHJRDXQDODVSHUVRQDVPX\
KRQHVWDV/OiPDQOHFRP~QPHQWH]DUDEDQGD\GDGRTXHVHGDQGLIHUHQ
WHVFDXVDV\GHULYDFLRQHVGHWDOQRPEUHQLQJXQDVHWLHQHSRUDYHULJXDGD
\FLHUWDORTXHVHVDEHHVTXHVHKDLQYHQWDGRHQ(VSDxD
³ /XSHUFLR /HRQDUGR GH$UJHQVROD 0HPRULDO VREUH OD UHSUHVHQ
WDFLyQGH&RPHGLDVGLULJLGRDOUH\G>RQ@)HOLSH,,3XEO-HV~V0DUtD
-RVpGH3ULPHUDSDUWHGHODVH[FHOHQFLDVGHODYLUWXGGHODFDVWLGDG$OFDOi
&DS©4XHFRQWLHQHXQPHPRULDOTXHVHGLRDVX0DJHVWDGHO5H\'
3KHOLSHVHJXQGRFRQWUDODVFRPHGLDVª
'HPDQHUDTXHHOFHERGHTXHHOGHPRQLRXVySDUDHOORV\HOODV
>ORVFyPLFRV\FyPLFDV@IXHHOFDQWDUEDLODUHOGDQ]DU\WUDMHH[TXL
VLWR\GLIHUHQFLDGHSHUVRQDVTXHFDGDGLDKDFHQYLVWLpQGRVHFRPR
UHLQDVFRPRGLRVDV<KDEtDSDGUHVTXHVLQVHUHOORVUHSUHVHQWDQWHV
HQVHxDEDQHVWHRULFLRDVXVKLMRVHKLMDV\KDVLKDFLDQVXVHVFULWXUDV\
ORVHQWUHJDEDQDORVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGHPDQHUDTXHYHtDPRVDODVQLxDV
GHFXDWURDxRVHQORVWDEODGRVEDLODQGROD]DUDEDQGDGHVKRQHVWDPHQWH
<D90>)HOLSH,,@OHFRQVWDGHVWRSXHVKDELpQGROHWUDtGRXQDGHVWDV
SDUDTXHYLHUDVXKDELOLGDG90VDQWoLVLPDPHQWHVLQTXHUHUODYHU
ODPDQGyUHFRJHUHQHOHQFHUUDPLHQWRGH6DQWD,VDEHO
³)U-RVpGH-HV~V\0DUtD3ULPHUDSDUWHGHODVH[FHOHQFLDVGHODYLUWXG
GHOD&DVWLGDG&RPSXHVWRSRU)UD\-RVHSKGH-HV~V0DUtDGHOD2UGHQGH
ORV'HVFDOoRVGHOD9LUJHQ0DUtDGHO0RQWH&DUPHOR'HGLFDGRDODPLVPD
9LUJHQ VREHUDQD \ DO JORULRVR 6DQ -RVHSK VX (VSRVR$OFDOi9LXGD GH -XDQ
*UDFLiQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
<FRQOD]DUDEDQGD\RWURVEDLOHVGHVKRQHVWRVFRQÀHVWDVEDQTXH
WHV\FRPHGLDVVHKDFHQORVKRPEUHVPXHOOHVDIHPLQDGRVHLQ~WLOHV
SDUDWRGDVODVHPSUHVDVDUGXDV\GLÀFXOWRVDV
³6LPyQ$JXDGR/RV1HJURV*UDQDGD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULG
PV
9DQHQWUDQGRWRGRVORVQHJURVTXHSXHGDQHQRUGHQGDQ]DQGROD
=DUDEDQGDFRQWDPERULOHV\VRQDMDV\GDQXQDYXHOWDDOWHDWUR
³$QyQLPR(O5HWDEORGHODV0DUDYLOODV)LQJHD&KLULQRVTXHVDOHD
EDLODU+HURGtDV
%(1,72 6REULQR 5HSROOR W~ TXH VDEHV GH DFKDFH GH FDVWDxHWDV
D\~GDOD\VHUiODÀHVWDGHFXDWURFDSDV62%5,12£4XHPHSODFHWtR
%HQLWR5HSROOR7RFDQOD=DUDEDQGD&$3$&+2£7RPDPLDEXHOR
VLHVDQWLJXRHOEDLOHGHOD=DUDEDQGD\GHOD&KDFRQD
³ 0LJXHO GH 0DGULJDO 5RPDQFHUR *HQHUDO$O KDEODU GH 8QD 1LxD
$UDJRQHVD
&RVTXLOORVLOOD\EXUORQDTXHDOWRFDUGHVXJXLWDUUDSXHGHEDLODU
HO5H\PLVPROD&KDFRQD\=DUDEDQGD
³3-XDQGH0DULDQD©'HO%DLOH\FDQWDUOODPDGR=DUDEDQGDªHQ/LEUR
GHORV(VSHFWiFXORV&RORQLD
(QWUHRWUDVLQYHQFLRQHVKDVDOLGRHVWRVDxRVXQEDLOH\FDQWDUWDQ
ODVFLYRGHODVSDODEUDVWDQIHRHQORVPHQHRVTXHEDVWDSDUDSHJDU
IXHJR DXQ D ODV SHUVRQDV PX\ KRQHVWDV /OiPDQOH FRP~QPHQWH =D
UDEDQGD
³6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV\2UR]FR7HVRURGHOD/HQJXD&DVWHOODQD
%D\OHELHQFRQRFLGRHQHVWRVWLHPSRVVLQRORKXELHUDGHVSULYDGR
VXSULPDOD&KDFRQD(VDOHJUH\ODVFLYRSRUTXHVHKDFHFRQPHQHRV
GHOFXHUSRGHVFRPSXHVWRV$XQTXHVHPXHYHQFRQWRGDVODVSDUWHVGHO
FXHUSRORVEUD]RVKDFHQORVPiVDGHPDQHVVRQDQGRODVFDVWDxHWDV
/D SDODEUD oDUDEDQGD HV KHEUHD GHO YHUER oDUD TXH YDOH HVSDUFLU y
FHUQHUYHQWLODUDQGDUiODUHGRQGDWRGRORFXDOWLHQHODTXHEDLODOD
oDUDEDQGDTXHFLHUQHFRQHOFXHUSRiXQDSDUWH\iRWUD\YDURGHDQGR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
HOWHDWURyOXJDUGRQGHEDLODSRQLHQGRDVRHQFRQGLFLyQDORVTXHOD
PLUDQ\GHLPLWDUVXVPRYLPLHQWRV\VDOLUDED\ODUFRPRVHÀQJHHQ
HOHQWUHPpVGHO$OFDOGHGH1DYDOSXHUFR
³ )UDQFLVFR 2UWL] $SRORJtD HQ GHIHQVD GH ODV FRPHGLDV TXH VH UHSUH
VHQWDQ HQ (VSDxD %LEOLRWHFD 1DFLRQDO GH 0DGULG 0VV &DS 9,, ©'H
ORVEDLOHV\FDQWDUHVTXHSXHGHQ\VXHOHQVHUFLUFXQVWDQFLDVGHODVFRPHGLDVª
IROUY
(VWHEDLOHGHOD=DUDEDQGDFRPRHVPDORHVPX\DQWLJXRHQHO
PXQGR<TXHDSHQDVVHSDODQLDWHQHUVHHQSLHFXDQGR\DOD
HQVHxDQXQDPXGDQFLOODGH=DUDEDQGD\KDOOHJDGRHVWHQHJRFLR
DWDOSXQWRTXHVHWLHQHSRUIDOWDQRVDEHOODSRFRyPXFKREDLODU
<DVLGLJRTXHQLHQHOWHDWURVHFRQVLHQWDEDLODUOD]DUDEDQGDQL
FRVD TXH VHD GHVKRQHVWD QL IXHUD GpO VH SHUPLWD TXH VH DSUHQGD
\HMHUFLWH
³5HIRUPDFLyQGHODV&RPHGLDV&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOOD
4XHQRVHUHSUHVHQWHQFRVDEDLOHVQLFDQWDUHVQLPHQHRVODVFLYRV
QL GH PDO HMHPSOR VLQR TXH VHDQ FRQIRUPHV D ODV GDQ]DV \ EDLOHV
DQWLJXRV\VHGDQSRUSURKLELGRVWRGRVORVEDLOHVGH(VFDUUDPHQHV
&KDFRQDV=DUDEDQGDV&DUUHWHULDV\FXDOHVTXLHURWURVVHPHMDQWHVD
HVWRV GH ORV FXDOHV VH RUGHQD TXH ORV WDOHV DXWRUHV \ SHUVRQDV TXH
WUXMHUHQ HQ VXV FRPSDxLDV QR XVHQ HQ PDQHUD DOJXQD VR ODV SHQDV
TXHDGHODQWHLUiQGHFODUDGDV\QRLQYHQWHQRWURVGHQXHYRVHPHMDQWHV
FRQGLIHUHQWHVQRPEUHV
³0LJXHOGH&HUYDQWHV6DDYHGUD©(O5HWDEORGHODVPDUDYLOODVªHQ2FKR
&RPHGLDV\RFKRHQWUHPHVHVQXHYRVQXQFDUHSUHVHQWDGRV0DGULG
&$675$'$ 7RGR OR QXHYR DSODFH VHxRU SDGUH &+,5,126 (VD
GRQFHOOD TXH DJRUD VH PXHVWUD WDQ JDODQD \ WDQ FRPSXHVWD HV OD
OODPDGD+HURGtDVFX\REDLOHDOFDQ]yHQSUHPLRODFDEH]DGHO3UH
FXUVRUGHODYLGD6LKD\TXLHQODD\XGHDEDLODUYHUiQPDUDYLOODV
%(1,72£eVWDVtFXHUSRGHOPXQGRTXHHVILJXUDKHUPRVDDSDFLEOH
\ UHOXFLHQWH £+LGHSXWD \ FyPR TXH VH YXHOYH OD PRFKDF>K@D 6REULQR5HSROORW~TXHVDEHVGHDFKDTXHGHFDVWDxHWDVD\~GDOD\
VHUiODÀHVWDGHFXDWURFDSDV62%5,124XHPHSODFHWtR%HQLWR
5HSROOR7RFDQOD]DUDEDQGD&$3$&+2£7RPDPLDEXHORVLHV
DQWLJXR HO EDLOH GH OD =DUDEDQGD \ GH OD &KDFRQD %(1,72 (D
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
VREULQR WpQVHODV WLHVDV D HVD EHOODFD MRGtD SHUR VL pVWD HV MRGtD
¢FyPR YH HVWDV PDUDYLOODV" &+$1)$//$ 7RGDV ODV UHJODV WLHQHQ
H[FHSFLyQVHxRU$OFDOGH
³ 0LJXHO GH &HUYDQWHV 6DDYHGUD ©/D &XHYD GH 6DODPDQFDª HQ 2FKR
&RPHGLDV\RFKRHQWUHPHVHVQXHYRVQXQFDUHSUHVHQWDGRV
3$1&5$&,2'tJDPHVHxRUPtRSXHVORVGLDEORVORVDEHQWRGR
¢GyQGHVHLQYHQWDURQWRGRVHVWRVEDLOHVGHODV]DUDEDQGDV]DPEDSDOR
\'HOORPHSHVDFRQHOIDPRVRGHOQXHYR(VFDUUDPiQ"%$5%(52
¢$GyQGH"(QHOLQÀHUQRDOOtWXYLHURQVXRULJHQ\SULQFLSLR3$1
&5$&,2<RDVtORFUHR/(21$5'$3XHVHQYHUGDGTXHWHQJR\R
PLV SXQWDV \ FROODU HVFDUUDPDQHVFR VLQR TXH SRU PL KRQHVWLGDG
\SRUJXDUGDUHOGHFRURDTXLHQVR\QRPHDWUHYRDEDLODUOH6$
&5,67É1&RQFXDWURPXGDQ]DVTXH\ROHHQVHxDVHDYXHVDPHUFHG
FDGDGtDHQXQDVHPDQDVDOGUtD~QLFDHQHOEDLOHTXHVpTXHOHIDOWD
ELHQSRFR
³'U$ORQVR&DQR\8UUHWD'tDVGHMDUGtQIRO
$FKDFy5RPDHVWHPDOGHOEDLOHD&DGL]\HO$QGDOXFtDGHTXLHQ
HQYH]GHVDOWDUYDURQLO\IXHUWHPXGyHOEDLOHVXSHUIHFFLyQHQYXHO
WDV GH EUD]RV \ PHQHRVODVFLYRV6LHQGR TXL]iODGH VX &KLURQRPtD
QXHVWUD=DUDEDQGDODTXH+DOPDQXHVWUD&KDFRQD\ODTXHODVWLPD
QXHVWUR(VFDUUDPDQ3XHVODSULPHUD>]DUDEDQGD@FRQVLVWLDHQJHVWRV
\PRYLPLHQWRVGHPDQRVODVHJXQGD>FKDFRQD@HVWULEDEDHQORVSLHV
\ODWHUFHUD>HVFDUUDPDQ@(QTXHEUDUHOFXHUSR\GDUGHVFRPSXHVWRV
VDOWRV
³)pOL[/RSHGH9HJD&DUSLR/D9LOODQDGH;HWDIH
,1e6¢4XHHVORTXHTXHUHLVEDLODU"0$57Ì1(=/RTXHYRVVHSiLV
VHxRUD'%($75,=9DFDV,1e6$XQTXHODEUDGRUD'DPDQRODV
VpEDLODU'%($75,=)ROtD,1e6&RPXQHVVRQ'%($75,=&D
QDULR,1e66R\WROHGDQD'%($75,=9LOODQR,1e61RVR\YLOODQD
(Q LQJHQLR \ FRQGLFLyQ ' %($75,= &RQGH &ODURV ,1e6 3XHGH
GDU*XVWRDTXLHQWXYLHUHDPRUHV6LHVYHUGDGTXHFRQDPRUHV
1RSRGtDUHSRVDU'%($75,==DUDEDQGD,1e6HVWiPX\YLHMD'
%($75,=&KDFRQD,1e66iWLUDHV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
³%ULFHxR/XLV%ULFHxR0pWRGRSDUDDSUHQGHUDWDxHUODJXLWDUUDD
ORHVSDxRO3DUtV
$QGDOROD=DUDEDQGD TXHHODPRUWHORPDQGDPDQGD«/D
=DUDEDQGDOLJHUDGDQ]DTXHHVJUDQPDUDYLOODVLJXHODWRGDODYLOOD
SRUGHGHQWUR\SRUGHIXHUD'HPDODUDELDHOODPXHUDTXHSXOLGLWR
ORDQGD$QGDOROD=DUDEDQGD
³5RGULJR&DUR'tDV*HQLDOHV\/~GLFRV
'tD©7DOIXHOD=DUDEDQGDOD&KDFRQDOD&DUUHWHUtDOD&DSRQD
-XDQ5HGRQGRHO5DVWURMROD*RUURQDOD3LSLURQGDHO*XLULJXLJD\
R WUD JUDQ WURSD GH HVWH JpQHUR TXH ORV PLQLVWURV GH OD RFLRVLGDG
P~VLFRVSRHWDV\UHSUHVHQWDQWHVLQYHQWDQFDGDGtDVLQFDVWLJR
³ 6DODV GH %DUEDGLOOR$ORQVR -HUyQLPR (QWUHPpV GHO 3UDGR GH 0D
GULG
5RVDOHV ¢*XVWDUpLV GH EDLODU OD =DUDEDQGD" ' -8/,$1XQFD
RtVWHLVGHFLUTXHHVWXYRSUHVD"6LHOEDLOHKDGHVHUVXHOWR\GHVDWDGR
¢3RGUiVHUEXHQRXQEDLOHHQFDUFHODGR"
³ )UDQFLVFR 1DYDUUHWH \ 5LYHUD ©/D HVFXHOD GH 'DQ]DUª HQ )ORU GH
6DLQHWHV0DGULG
0$(67527RFDOD=DUDEDQGDELHQFRUULGD3$1$'(5$(VDEDLOR
\R ELHQ WRGD PL YLGD 7RFDQ OD =DUDEDQGD \ EDLOD 0$(6752$
IH TXH QR HV PX\ OHUGD OD PR]XHOD 0$(6752$OOi HO FHGD]R VLUYH
GHYLKXHOD
³-XDQ(VTXLYHOGH1DYDUUR'LVFXUVRVVREUHHODUWHGHOGDQoDGR\VXV
H[FHOHQFLDV6HYLOOD-XDQ*yPH]GH%ODVIRO
$XQTXH KD\ 5DVWR -iFDUD =DUDEDQGD \ 7iUUDJD HVWDV FXDWUR
SLH]DV VRQ XQD PHVPD FRVD VL ELHQ HO 5DVWUR WLHQH VXV PXGDQ]DV
GLIHUHQWHV\SRUGLIHUHQWHHVWLOR
>FD"@³$QyQLPR(O0DHVWURGH$UPDV3ULP0LWDG6;9,,
+HODVSRUGRYLHQHQGRVEDLODULQDVJDOODUGDVSDUDHVSHUDURWUDV
GRV SUHFLDGDV GH KDFHU PXGDQ]DV 'DQ ÀOR i ODV FDVWDxHWDV \
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-É&$5$<=$5$%$1'$62181$0(60$&26$
WRPDQGRSXHVWRDJXDUGDQGRQGHVXVWHQWDVTXHHVEXHQDODGHVWUH]D
SUDFWLFDGD <D OOHJDQ ODV RWUDV GRV \ YLHQHQ WDQ FRQÀDGDV TXH
ODVWHPHOD&DSRQD\WLHPEODOD=DUDEDQGD0tUDQVHXQDViRWUDV
\ EXOOpQGRVH ODV SODQWDV HPSLH]DQ GHVWD PDQHUD \ DO PDHVR
DTXHVWRFDQWDQ
FD³$QyQLPR(O,QÀHUQRGH-XDQ5DQD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH0DGULG
PV$FDEDFRQXQD]DUDEDQGDEDLODGD\FDQWDGDFRQHVWHWH[WR
£=DUDEt]DUDEt]DUDEDQGD
FD ³ -XDQ$QWRQLR -DTXH /LEUR GH 'DQ]DU GH ' %DOWDVDU GH 5RMDV
3DQWRMD&RPSXHVWRSRU>«@0VFRQOHWUDGHO6LJOR;9,,%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO
GH0DGULG0VV
'HVFULSFLyQFRUHRJUDÀFDFRPSOHWDGHMiFDUD
³3HGUR&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD3HGUR/RDSDUDOD&RPSDxtDGH(VFD
PLOOD
6LHQGRGH-iFDUDHOWRQRVRQGH*DOODUGDORVSDVRV
>@FD³
$QyQLPR(QWUHPpVGHORV0DWDFKLQHV
$/&$/'( ¢3RUTXp HQFHUUiVWHLV ORV VRQHV" 0$5,=$3$/26 3RU
PRQHGDTXHQRSDVD¢'HTXHVLUYHQODVIROtDVPDWDFKLQHV]DUD
EDQGDHOFDYDOOHURHOYLOODQRHOFDQDULRODHQFRUEDGD"<DVRQ
VXV JUDFLDV PRKRVDV \ VXV LQYHQFLRQHV UDQFLDV QR HV HO EDLODU
SDUDYLHMRV
$QyQLPR%DLOHHQWUHPHVDGRGH0DUL;LPHQH]
6DOHQORVGRVEDLODQGRODMiFDUDPX\HPER]DGRV
³$QyQLPR$UELWUDMHSROtWLFRPLOLWDU6HQWHQFLDGLÀQLWLYDGHO6HxRUGH
OD *DUHQD ,QJHQLHUR LQJHQLRVR GH ODV 0iTXLQDV %pOLFDV GH (VSDxD« (QWUHRWURVLQVXOWRVOODPDDO3*XHUUD
DUFLSUHVWH GH ORV WtWHUHV WDPERULO GH HQJD\WDERERV DERUWR GH
&KDFRQDSDGUHGHOD=DUDEDQGDKHUPDQRGHO=DUDPEHTXHUHQD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
FXDMR GHO FKDUFR GH &DQWDUUDQDV VRQDMLOOD GH WLQLHEODV JXLWDUULOOD
GHFLHJR«
)LQDOHVV;9,,³-RVpGH&DxL]DUHV-RVpGH0RMLJDQJDGHORV6RQHV
6DOHOD-iFDUDFRQPDQWLOOD\XQSXxDO\FDVWDxHWDV
0$5Ì$-26e58,=0$<25'202
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
0Ô6,&26<&203$fÌ$67($75$/(6(1(/6,*/2'(252
'XUDQWHHO~OWLPRWHUFLRGHOVLJOR;9,VHIUDJXyDODEULJRGHODVFRIUDGtDV
SLDGRVDV OD &RIUDGtD GH OD 6ROHGDG \ GH OD 3DVLyQ HQ HO FDVR GH 0DGULG XQ
HQJUDQDMH VRFLRHFRQyPLFRDUWtVWLFR TXH YHQLPRV LGHQWLÀFDQGR FRPR HO QDFL
PLHQWR GHO WHDWUR HVSDxRO GH OD FRPHGLD HVSDxROD R GH OD FRPHGLD QXHYD (O
©QLPLRªGHWDOOHGHSDJDUXQDHQWUDGDHVGHFLUGHHQWHQGHUHOWHDWURFRPRXQ
HVSDFLR HQ HO TXH VH UHSUHVHQWDED XQD SLH]D GUDPiWLFD DQWH HVSHFWDGRUHV TXH
KDEtDQSDJDGRVXSXVRODFRQVDJUDFLyQGHOWHDWURWDO\FRPRVHGHÀHQGHKR\XQ
HVSHFWiFXORDUWtVWLFRGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQXQVRSRUWHGHSURGXFFLyQÀQDQFLHUR
'HPDQHUDTXHWHUPLQDHOVLJORFRQPRGRV\HVWUXFWXUDVELHQGLVWLQWDVGHKDFHU
HQ HO iPELWR GH ODV WDEODV QDFH HO RÀFLR GH ©UHSUHVHQWDQWHª DFWRU ©DXWRUª
GLUHFWRUHPSUHVDULRFREUDGRUJXDUGDUURSDHWFQDFHHOFRQFHSWRGHFRPSDxtD
WHDWUDOFRPR ©FRPSDxHURV GH KDFHU FRPHGLDV FRPLHQ]D OD RÀFLDOLGDG GH XQD
GHGLFDFLyQUHPXQHUDGDUHJXODGDTXHVHLUiSHUÀODQGR\GHVDUUROODQGRDORODUJR
GHODFHQWXULDVLJXLHQWHFXDQGRHOGHVSOLHJXHGHUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVHQ0DGULG
6HYLOOD9DOHQFLD\RWUDVFLXGDGHVHVSDxRODVFRQVROLGyHVWDDFWLYLGDGTXHVLQ
GXGDWXYRXQDOFDQFHOLWHUDULRHVSOpQGLGRTXHHQWHQGLHURQ\DSURYHFKDURQPX\
ELHQ/RSH\RWURVSRHWDVGUDPDWXUJRV
4XHGDQVXÀFLHQWHVWHVWLPRQLRVGHHVWDSULPHUDpSRFDTXHQRVSHUPLWHQFRQ
ÀUPDUXQDUWLFXODGRSURSyVLWRHQODIRUPDFLyQGHODVFRPSDxtDV(OHOHQFRGH
KRPEUHV\PXMHUHVTXHSDUWLFLSDEDQHQODYLGDGHOD©FRPSDxtDGHFRPHGLDVª
HUDPX\YDULDGR\ULFRDPHQXGRVHFXEUtDWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVH[LJHQFLDV
GH ODV FRPHGLDV TXH VH LEDQ D UHSUHVHQWDU FRQWUDWDGDV SUHYLDPHQWH FRQ ORV
DUUHQGDGRUHV GH ORV FRUUDOHV SRU ORV ©DXWRUHVª (Q JHQHUDO ODV FRPSDxtDV VH
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&26<&203$fÌ$67($75$/(6(1(/6,*/2'(252
PDQWHQtDQ GH SURIHVLRQDOHV TXH SHUWHQHFtDQ D XQD VDJD IDPLOLDU GH DFWRUHV R
DXWRUHVFLUFXQVWDQFLDTXHQRHVGHH[WUDxDUVLWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDTXHORVQLxRV
SHTXHxRVHUDQUHFLELGRVHQODVFRIUDGtDVMXQWRFRQVXVSDGUHVDFWRUHV\VHFULDEDQ
\ KDFtDQ DGXOWRV HQ HO DPELHQWH GH ORV FyPLFRV H LQFOXVR VLHQGR ©PHQRUHVª
HUDQFRQWUDWDGRVSDUDUHSUHVHQWDU
6LQ HPEDUJR GH ORV ~OWLPRV FLQFXHQWD DxRV GHO VLJOR GLHFLVpLV QR TXHGDQ
QRWLFLDVVXÀFLHQWHVFRPRSDUDVXSRQHUXQDLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHOJUHPLRPXVLFDOD
ODVFRPSDxtDVWHDWUDOHV(OWpUPLQRDFWRULQFOXtDODDFWLYLGDGGHEDLODUFDQWDU
WRFDULQVWUXPHQWRVUHFLWDU\UHSUHVHQWDUVHFXEUtDDVtHOHVSDFLRHVFpQLFRFRQHO
GRPLQLRSUHFLVRTXHUHTXHUtDXQDÀHVWDFRPRODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQORVFRUUDOHV
([LVWHQDOJXQRVGDWRVDLVODGRVTXHGDQFXHQWDGHODIRUPDFLyQGHFRPSDxtDVGH
FRPHGLDVFRQPLHPEURVGHODUWHPXVLFDOFRPRRFXUUHHQFXDQGRODDXWRUD
GHFRPHGLDV-XDQD%DXWLVWDGH/HyQFRQWUDWDEDHOGHRFWXEUHSRVLEOHPHQWH
HQ9DOODGROLGSDUDVXFRPSDxtDDYDULRVUHSUHVHQWDQWHV\P~VLFRVHQWUHORVTXH
ÀJXUDEDQHODFWRU-XDQGH$UFH\ORVP~VLFRV-HUyQLPRGH3R]RDQWLJXRYHFLQR
GH=DUDJR]D\%ODVGH7RUUHVYHFLQRGHÉYLOD(VWDSDUTXHGDGHQODQRWLFLDHQ
ODTXHQRVHHVSHFLÀFDFXiOHVHUDQVXVDFWLYLGDGHVPXVLFDOHVTXpLQVWUXPHQWRV
WRFDEDQTXpKDFtDQHQODFRPSDxtDHWF\HOYDFtRGHFRPSURPLVRVWHDWUDOHV
TXHWLHQHQODVELRJUDItDVGHORVP~VLFRVPHQFLRQDGRVQRVKDFHVXSRQHUTXH
HOFRPLHQ]RGHODYLGDWHDWUDOHVSDxRODHQORVFRUUDOHVVHRUJDQL]yDOUHGHGRUGH
XQDVRODDFWLYLGDGODGHORVDFWRUHVFDSDFHVGHDEDUFDUWRGDVODVQHFHVLGDGHV
GHODVFRPHGLDV
(QHVWRVYHLQWLFLQFRDxRVÀQLVHFXODUHVWDPELpQHVGHYLWDOLPSRUWDQFLDFRPR
WDQWDVYHFHVVHKDPHQFLRQDGRODOOHJDGDGHFRPSDxtDVLWDOLDQDVDODSHQtQVXOD
'HHOODVWRPDPRVODIDUVDDOPRGRLWDOLDQR\ODPDQHUDGHHQWHQGHUODUHSUH
VHQWDFLyQFRPRXQDUWHHQHOTXHFDEtDHOPRYLPLHQWRHOGLVIUD]ODGDQ]DOD
P~VLFDODSDODEUDODFDQFLyQHOJHVWRDFUREiWLFRODEXOOD$YHFHVVHJ~QOD
GLVSRVLFLyQHFRQyPLFDGHODXWRUGHODFRPSDxtDGHVXVFRPSURPLVRVDGTXLULGRV
FRQORVDUUHQGDGRUHVGHORVFRUUDOHVGHODFRQWHFLPLHQWRTXHVHFHOHEUDUDFRQOD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQXRWUDVQHFHVLGDGHVHO©DXWRUªUHFOXWDEDSDUDVXFRPSDxtDXQ
HVSHFLDOLVWDHQGDQ]DRHQP~VLFDXQGDQ]DQWHRXQP~VLFR(VWHHVHOFDVRTXH
VHGHPXHVWUDFRQHOFRQWUDWRTXHÀUPDQ3HGURGH6DOFHGRKLMRGH)UDQFLVFRGH
6DOFHGRFDQWHURGLIXQWR\GH-XDQD0DUWtQYHFLQRVGH6DODPDQFD\$QWRQLR
/DVR KLMR GH -XDQ /DVR \ GH &DWDOLQD GH 0RQWR\D YHFLQRV GH 7ROHGR FRQ
/DUHIHUHQFLDGRFXPHQWDOHVWiWRPDGDGH$QDVWDVLR5RMR9HJD)LHVWDV\FRPHGLDVHQ9DOODGROLG
6LJORV;9,;9,,9DOODGROLG$\XQWDPLHQWRGH9DOODGROLGSiJV\
/DDFWLYLGDGSURIHVLRQDOHQODVWDEODVGHORVP~VLFRVPHQFLRQDGRVODKHPRVFRQVXOWDGRHQHO
'LFFLRQDULRELRJUiÀFRGHDFWRUHVGHOWHDWURFOiVLFRHVSDxROSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHO0LQLVWHULRGH
&XOWXUDTXHGLULJHOD'UD7HUHVD)HUUHU\HQHOTXHFRODERUDPRVSURIHVRUHVGHGLIHUHQWHVXQLYHUVLGDGHV
HVSDxRODV\GHOD(VFXHODGH7HDWURGH1DYDUUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
$OEHUWR$QDVHOLDOLDV¶*DQDVD·\9LFHQFLR%RWDQHOOLDOLDV¶&XUFLR·LWDOLDQRV
DFWRUHV GH FRPHGLDV \ IDUVDV D OR LWDOLDQR ©HVWDQWHVª HQ 0DGULG TXLHQHV HQ
QRPEUHGHHOORV\GHVXVFRPSDxHURVHOGHPDU]RGHHQ0DGULGVH
FRPSURPHWLHURQD OOHYDU FRQ OD FRPSDxtD GH *DQDVVD D ORV GRV P~VLFRV SDUD
TXHWDxHUDQFRQODVJXLWDUUDV\FDQWDUDQWRQDGDVHQORVOXJDUHVGRQGHIXHUDOD
FRPSDxtD/DREOLJDFLyQVHPDQWHQtDGHVGHODIHFKDGHHVWDFDUWDKDVWDHOGtD
GH&DUQDYDOGH/RVP~VLFRV3HGURGH6DOFHGR\$QWRQLR/DVRUHFLELUtDQ
UVGLDULRVFDGDXQR OD FRPLGDEHELGDSRVDGD \ ORV FDUURV SDUD ORV YLDMHV
$ HVWH GRFXPHQWR VH DxDGH XQD FDUWD GH FRPSDUHFHQFLD GH &pVDU GH 1RELOH
-XDQ3LHWUR3DVTXDUHOR&LSLRQ*UDVHOL-XOLR9LOODQWL\-iFRPH3RUWDOXSLWRGRV
PLHPEURVGHODFRPSDxtDGH*DQDVVDHQHVHPRPHQWRFXDQGR*DQDVVDHVWi
IRUPDQGRXQDQXHYDFRPSDxtD\SUREDEOHPHQWHFRQODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHHVWRV
GRV P~VLFRV VXVWLWX\HQGR D DOJXQRV GH VXV FRPSRQHQWHV DQWLJXRV TXH DEDQ
GRQDURQRVHVHSDUDURQGH$OEHUWR1DVHOOLSRUHVDVIHFKDVFRPRHVHOFDVRGH
$JDYDUR)LHVFRYDOGLDOLDV%RWDUJDSDUDIRUPDUFRPSDxtDSURSLDHVWDVHSDUDFLyQ
VHSURGXMRFRLQFLGLHQGRFRQHOFLHUUHGHORVWHDWURVHQHOOXWRLPSXHVWRSRUOD
PXHUWHGH$QDGH$XVWULD(OGHDEULO*DQDVDVROLFLWyDO&RQVHMRGH&DVWLOOD
XQDOLPRVQD\OLFHQFLDSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUVROLFLWXGTXHVHOHGHQHJySRUHOOXWR
LPSXHVWR KDVWD TXH HO GH QRYLHPEUH GH HVWH DxR GH >ÀHVWD GH 6DQ
$QGUpV@-XDQ*DQDVDUHSUHVHQWyHQ0DGULGHQHO©7HDWURQXHERGHODV2EUDV
3tDVª>HVGHFLUHOFRUUDOGHOD&UX]@©FRQGRVGLDVGHOLFHQFLDHQWUHVHPDQD\
ODVÀHVWDVªpVWHIXHHOSULPHUGtDTXHVHUHSUHVHQWy©GHVSXHVGHODPXHUWHGH
OD5H\QDQXHVWUD6HxRUDª
&RPR YHPRV HQ HO FRQWUDWR GH$QWRQLR /DVR \ 3HGUR GH 6DOFHGR ORV DX
WRUHV GH FRPHGLDV \ ORV PLHPEURV GH OD FRPSDxtD VH REOLJDEDQ PXWXDPHQWH
GXUDQWHXQDxRHQXQHVSDFLRGHWLHPSRKDELWXDOGHVGHXQ0DUWHVGH&DUQDYDO
R0LpUFROHVGH&HQL]DKDVWDHOGHODxRSUy[LPRHQHVDVIHFKDVHUDHQODVTXH
VHFRQVWLWXtDQODVFRPSDxtDV<HVDPLVPDSUiFWLFDHVODTXHVHPDQWLHQHHQHO
FDVRGHHVWRVGRVP~VLFRV/DUHWULEXFLyQSRUHOWUDEDMRHVWDEDHQIXQFLyQGHO
SDSHO TXH UHSUHVHQWDUD HO DFWRU SULPHU R VHJXQGR JDOiQ GDPD VREUHVDOLHQWH
EDUED JUDFLRVR HWF R GH OD WDUHD TXH UHDOL]DVH \ GHVGH OXHJR GH OD IDPD \
(PLOLR &RWDUHOR \ 0RUL ©1RWLFLDV ELRJUiÀFDV GH$OEHUWR 1DVHOOL FyPLFR IDPRVR GHO VLJOR
;9,ª5HYLVWDGH$UFKLYRV%LEOLRWHFDV\0XVHRV;,;SiJVSiJV
&DUPHQ6DQ]$\iQ\%HUQDUGR-RVp*DUFtD*DUFtD©(ORÀFLRGHUHSUHVHQWDUHQ(VSDxD\OD
LQÁXHQFLD GH OD FRPHGLD GHOO·DUWH ª &XDGHUQRV GH +LVWRULD 0RGHUQD 9;, SiJ
&K 'DYLV \ - ( 9DUH\ /RV FRUUDOHV GH FRPHGLDV \ ORV KRVSLWDOHV GH 0DGULG (VWXGLR\GRFXPHQWRV0DGULG)XHQWHVSDUDOD+LVWRULDGHO7HDWURHQ(VSDxDSiJ
&K'DYLV\-(9DUH\RSFLWSiJ
&3pUH]3DVWRU1XHYRVGDWRVDFHUFDGHOKLVWULRQLVPRHVSDxROHQORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,6HJXQGD
6HULH%XUGHRV)HUHWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&26<&203$fÌ$67($75$/(6(1(/6,*/2'(252
UHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHQWURGHODSURIHVLyQ/DVR\6DOFHGRORVP~VLFRVUHFLELUtDQ
XQDSDJDLQIHULRUDODGHFXDOTXLHUUHSUHVHQWDQWHUVFRPLGDEHELGDSRVDGD
\HOWUDVODGR&XHVWLRQHVTXHGHVFXEUHQHOSRFRPHUHFLPLHQWRTXHWHQtDQDPERV
P~VLFRV\RODVGLÀFXOWDGHVSRUODVTXHSDVDEDODFRPSDxtDGHOIDPRVRFyPLFR
LWDOLDQR*DQDVVD
(VWRVFRPSURPLVRVSXQWXDOHVRIUHFHQXQFRUSXVWDQHVFDVR\SREUHTXHQRV
OOHYDQDSHQVDUTXHVHUHDOL]DEDQSRUXQDVODVQHFHVLGDGHVRFDVLRQDOHV³FRPR
HVHOFDVRGH*DQDVVD³GHXQ©DXWRUªR©DXWRUDªGHFRPHGLDV
6LQHPEDUJRHOSDQRUDPDVHWHMHPiVFRPSOHMRDPHGLGDTXHIUDJXDQGROD
DFWLYLGDGWHDWUDO\YDPRVHQFRQWUDQGRUHSUHVHQWDQWHVTXHWDPELpQVHGHQRPLQDQ
P~VLFRVQRDFWRUHVTXHWRFDEDQHVSRUiGLFDPHQWHHQXQDFRPHGLDXRWUDVLQR
DFWRUHV TXH WDPELpQ VRQ ©RÀFLDOPHQWHª P~VLFRV 9DOJD XQD UHIHUHQFLD FRPR
PXHVWUDHQ-XDQGH%LHGPDDFWRU\P~VLFRPLHPEURGHODFRPSDxtDGH
)UDQFLVFR2VRULRHVWXYRSUHVRHQODFiUFHOS~EOLFDGH9DOODGROLGSRUKDEHUVH
HVFDSDGR FRQ 0DUtD GH 0RUDOHV FULDGD GHO HVFULEDQR %DXWLVWD +HUQiQGH] \
PHQRUGHHGDGHVWXSURSRUHOFXDOVHREOLJyHODXWRUGHFRPHGLDVVHJ~QXQD
HVFULWXUD RWRUJDGD HO GH QRYLHPEUH D SDJDU XQD LQGHPQL]DFLyQ GH PUVDOHVFULEDQRHOGtDGHO&RUSXVGHODxRVLJXLHQWH-XDQGH%LHGPDIXHXQ
DFWRUFRUGREpVTXHWUDEDMyHQORVDxRVRFKHQWDFRQ0DWHRGH6DOFHGRXQRGH
ORVPiVSUHVWLJLRVRV©DXWRUHVªGHODpSRFDHQ7ROHGR=DUDJR]D9DOHQFLDHWF
6XDFWLYLGDGHQODFRPSDxtDVHUHSDUWtDHQWUHFDQWDUUHSUHVHQWDU\WRFDUSRUTXH
HUDDFWRUP~VLFR\FDQWDQWH6DOFHGRORFRQWUDWyODWHPSRUDGDDQWHULRUDHVWH
FRQWUDWRSRUSRFRGLQHURUVSRUUHSUHVHQWDFLyQSRUTXHDSHVDUGHVXVDSWLWXGHV
YDOtDPHQRVTXHVXVFRPSDxHURVDXQTXHWDPELpQUHFLELUtDXQDJUDWLÀFDFLyQSRU
HO&RUSXVGFVRORTXHHVORPLVPRUVFDVWHOODQRVWDQWRVHUHSUHVHQWDVH
R QR$GHPiV GH WHQHU GRWHV DUWtVWLFDV \ RÀFLRV YDULDGRV SDUHFH TXH SRVHtD
GRWHVGHVHGXFFLyQFRPRVHGHPXHVWUDSRUHOSHUFDQFHGHOTXHGDPXHVWUDHO
GRFXPHQWR FXDQGR HVWDED HQ OD FRPSDxtD GH )UDQFLVFR 2VRULR SHUFDQFH SRU
HOTXHSUREDEOHPHQWHVHUHWLUyGHODVWDEODV
0HQFLyQDSDUWHPHUHFHHOWHPDTXHHVWDPRVWUDWDQGRHQHVWHSHULRGRVLQRV
ÀMDPRVHQRWUDSUR\HFFLyQGHOWHDWURTXHQRHVODGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQORVFRUUD
OHVGHFRPHGLDV1RVUHIHULPRVDODSXHVWDHQHVFHQDGHORVDXWRVVDFUDPHQWDOHV
/DHVSHFWDFXODULGDGTXHH[LJHODFHOHEUDFLyQGHO&RUSXVOOHYDLUUHPHGLDEOHPHQWH
DUHFRQVWUXLUODÀHVWDWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDXQDJUDQYDULHGDGGHJUHPLRVSLQWR
UHVPHUFDGHUHVHVFXOWRUHVFDUSLQWHURVHLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHPDHVWURVGHGDQ]DV
/XLV)HUQiQGH] 0DUWtQ &RPHGLDQWHV HVFODYRV \ PRULVFRV HQ 9DOODGROLG 6LJORV ;9, \ ;9,,
9DOODGROLG6HFUHWDULDGRGH3XEOLFDFLRQHV8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOODGROLG(VWXGLRV\'RFXPHQWRVQž;/,9
SiJ
+HQUL 0pULPpH 6SHFWDFOHV HW FRPpGLHQV j 9DOHQFLD 7RXORXVH3DULV (GRXDUG
SULYDW$XJXVWH3LFDUGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
GDQ]DQWHV\P~VLFRV3DUDODFHOHEUDFLyQGHO6DQWtVLPR6DFUDPHQWRGHVGH
KDVWD HQFRQWUDPRV QXPHURVD GRFXPHQWDFLyQ ³WRGDYtD LQpGLWD³ HQ OD
TXH VH UHVXHOYH OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH GDQ]DQWHV FRQ YLKXHOD OD~G GLVFDQWH St
IDQR\WDPERULQRVSDUDTXHYD\DQWDxHQGR\GDQ]DQGRGHODQWHGHO6DQWtVLPR
6DFUDPHQWR/DVGDQ]DVFRUWHVDQDVDOHJyULFDVGHHVSDGDVRGHJLJDQWHVWLHQHQ
XQDFRQÀJXUDFLyQPXVLFDOSURSLDHQDOJXQRVFDVRVHODFRPSDxDPLHQWRPXVLFDO
VyORFRQVLVWHHQXQWDPERULQRDOHJyULFDV\FRUWHVDQDVHQRWURVVRQGLIHUHQWHV
\YDULDGRVORVLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DQODGDQ]DXQPRGHORSRGUtDVHUOD
GDQ]DJDODQWH/DSDXWDKDELWXDOSDUDOOHYDUDEXHQWpUPLQRODÀHVWDHVTXHOD
9LOODHO$\XQWDPLHQWRVHFRQFHUWDUDFRQXQPDHVWURGHGDQ]DVSDUDODRFDVLyQ
TXLHQUHFLEtDLQVWUXFFLRQHVSUHFLVDVVREUHODURSDORVPRYLPLHQWRVORVLQVWUX
PHQWRVHWF3HURWDPELpQHQDOJXQDVRFDVLRQHVDORVDXWRUHVGHFRPHGLDVVHOH
HQFRPHQGDEDODWDUHDSRUHOPLVPRSURFHGLPLHQWRHQHVWDVRFDVLRQHVODSUiFWLFD
JHQHUDOHUDTXHIXHUDQORVSURSLRVGDQ]DQWHVORVTXHWRFDUDQORVLQVWUXPHQWRV
(OGRFXPHQWRLQpGLWRTXHWUDQVFULELPRVDFRQWLQXDFLyQUHVXOWDXQDHVSOpQGLGD
PXHVWUDGHODEHOOH]D\PLQXFLRVLGDGFRQODTXHVHSUHSDUDQODVGDQ]DVHQHO
&RUSXV(OGHWDOOHGHWHMLGRVFRORUHV]DSDWRVWRFDGRVDGRUQRV\JXDUQLFLRQHV
HQVHxDHOHVFUXSXORVRPLPRFRQHOTXHVHSUHSDUDXQDGDQ]DHQODTXHHOWHPDHV
ODP~VLFD\ORVSURWDJRQLVWDVORVP~VLFRV1yWHVHFyPRHQHOSURSLRGRFXPHQWR
HVWiQODVFODYHVSDUDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHODSXHVWDHQHVFHQD\ODVSDXWDVSDUDOD
FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHORVURVWURVGHP~VLFRV\GDQ]DQWHV(O$\XQWDPLHQWRDVHJXUD
XQPHVDQWHVGHODÀHVWDHOYLVWRVRUHVXOWDGRFHUFLRUiQGRVHGHOEXHQKDFHUGH
$ORQVRGHODV&XHYDVFRQXQDPXHVWUDDQWHORVFRPLVDULRV
'RFXPHQWR GH 2EOLJDFLyQ GH $ORQVR GH ODV &XHYDV SDUD
KDFHUXQDGDQ]DGHP~VLFRVHQODÀHVWDGHO6DQWtVLPR6DFUDPHQWR
©(QODYLOODGH0DGULGDGtDVGHOPHVPD\RGHDxRVSRU
DQWH PM HO VFULXDQR SXEOLFR \ WHVWLJRV \XVR HVFULSWRV SDUHVFLHURQ
SUHVHQWHV$ORQVRGHODV&XHEDVYHFLQRGHVWDGLFKDYLOODFRPRSULQ
FLSDO\)UDQFLVFRGH$ELODFDUSLQWHURYHFLQRGHODGLFKDYLOODFRPR
VXÀDGRU\SULQFLSDO\OODQRFXQSOLGRUKDFLHQGRGHGHYGD\QHJRFLR
'H OD GRFXPHQWDFLyQ TXH WRGDYtD QR KHPRV SXEOLFDGR VH GHVSUHQGH TXH ODV GDQ]DV SDUD HO
&RUSXV PDGULOHxR HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV GHO ;9, VH FRUUHVSRQGHQ FRQ PRWLYRV H[WUHPDGDPHQWH ULFRV
\ YDULDGRV (V LPSUHVFLQGLEOH UHFRQRFHU ORV FDQFLRQHURV PXVLFDOHV HO URPDQFHUR YLHMR \ DFXGLU D ODV
SUHPiWLFDV\JXtDVPRUDOHVGHODpSRFDSDUDGHVFXEULUODVFRQQRWDFLRQHVGHFDQWDUHV\P~VLFDVHQXQD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQVDFUD
(ORULJLQDODSDUHFHFRQOHWUDSURFHVDOHQFDGHQDGDSRUWDQWRKHPRVUHVXHOWRDEUHYLDWXUDVDFWXD
OL]DGRPD\~VFXODVVLJQRVGHSXQWXDFLyQVLPSOLÀFDGRFRQVRQDQWHVGREOHVVLQYDORUIRQpWLFR\PDQWHQLGR
JUDItDV\DFHQWXDFLyQGHORULJLQDODVtFRPRODPRUIRORJtD(OGRFXPHQWRSURFHGHGHO$UFKLYR+LVWyULFR
GH3URWRFRORVGH0DGULG)0DUWtQH]SURWIROVY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&26<&203$fÌ$67($75$/(6(1(/6,*/2'(252
DJHQRSURSLRVX\R>IyUPXODOHJDO@GL[HURQTXHVHREOLJDEDQ\REOL
JDURQ\SQMDQHSXHVLHURQFRQHVWDGLFKD9LOODGH0DGULGTXHOGLFKR
$ORQVRGHODV&XHEDVKDUDSDUDODÀHVWDGHO6DQWLVLPR6DFUDPHQWR
GHVWH SUHVHQWH DxR GH YQD GDQ]D GH PXVLFRV HQ TXH VDOJDQ
TXDWURPXVLFRVYHVWLGRVFRQTXDWURURSDVGHGDPDVFRGHOHEDQWDU\
TXDWURGDPDVWDQELHQGHPXVLFDYHVWLGDVFRQEDVTXLxDV\FXHUDVGH
GDPDVFR\FRQVXVPDQJDVGHUHERWLQODEUDGDV\WRFDGDVGHVHGDVGH
FRORUHV< ORV TXDWUR PXVLFRV FRQ EHVWLGRV GH FRORUHV \ PHGLDV GH
SXQWREODQFDV\oDSDWRVGHORPLVPR\PDQJXLOODVGHWHODVGHSODWD
\WRFDGRVGHORVGDPDVFRVHDQGHVHUHVWRVYHVWLGRVGHVWDVFRORUHV
H QMQID \ JDODQ GH GDPDVFR FDUPHVL \ GRUDGR \ QLQID \ JDODQ GH
GDPDVFRFDUPHVLEODQFR\QLQID\JDODQGHGDPDVFRGRUDGR\D]XO
\QLQID\JDODQGHGDPDVFRGRUDGRWRGRVFRQVXVEXHQRVURVWURV<
ODGLFKDGDQ]DODKDUDQGHORVPH[RUHVGDQ]DQWHV\PXVMFRVTXHVH
KDOODUHQWRGRVFRQGLIHUHQWHV\QVWUXPHQWRV/DTXDOGLFKDGDQ]D\
PXVMFD KDUDQ FRQWHQWR GH ORV 6UHV &RPLVDULRV \ GHO PX\ ,OWUH 6U
/LF;LPHQH]L2UWL]GHO&RQVHMRGHVXPDJHVWDG\GDUDQODPXHVWUD
GHOODSDUDRWURGLDGHVSXHVGHODPXHVWUDGHORVDXWRVSRUORTXDOVH
OHDGHGDU\SDJDUSRUHVWDGLFKDYLOODUHDOHVTXHYDOHQ
PDUDYHGLVORVTXDOHVOHVDQGHSDJDUHQHVWDPDQHUDORVGXFDGRV
GHOORVOXHJRGHSUHVHQWH\ORVUHDOHVUHVWDQWHVHQDFDEDQGRGH
KDFHUODGLFKDGDQ]D\PXVMFD<VLDQVLQRORKL]LHUHQ\FXQSOLHUHQ
TXHHVWDGLFKD9LOODDVXFRVWDSXHGDEXVFDU\EXVTXHRWUDVSHUVRQDV
TXHKDJDQODGLFKDGDQ]DSRUHOSUHVFLRHQTXHHOORVVHREOLJDQFRQ
PDV SRU ODV FRVWDV \ JDVWRV \ GDxRV TXH SRU QR OR FXPSOLU D HVWD
GLFKD9LOOD VH OHV VLJXLHUHQ \ UHVFUHVFLHUHQ VH OHV SXHGD H[HFXWDU \
H[HFXWH>IyUPXODOHJDO@
<DQVMORRWRUJDURQVLHQGRSUHVHQWHV\SRUWHVWLJRV)UDQFLVFR0DU
WMQH]\-XDQ&DOER\%DOWDVDU3HUH]HVWDQWHVHQHVWDYLOOD\ORVGLFKRV
RWRUJDQWHVDTXLHQ\RHOSUHVHQWHVFULXDQRGR\IHHTXHFRQR]FROR
ÀUPDURQGHVXVQRPEUHVª
)LUPDQ ©³$/2162 '( /$6 &8(%$6)5$1&,6&2 '(
$%,/$³3DVRDQWHPM)5$1&,6&20$57,1(=VFULXDQRª
7DO \ FRPR KHPRV YHQLGR UHVDOWDQGR HQ ORV DxRV ÀQDOHV GHO VLJOR ;9, HO
SDLVDMH WHDWUDO VH FRQIRUPD FRQ XQ ODEHULQWR GH SURIHVLRQHV HQ HO TXH SDUWLFL
SDQ DFWRUHV TXH EDLODQ FDQWDQ WRFDQ \ UHFLWDQ P~VLFRV TXH HVSRUiGLFDPHQWH
IRUPDQSDUWHGHXQDFRPSDxtDWHDWUDODFWRUHVFRQRÀFLRWDPELpQGHP~VLFRV\
FDQWDQWHV\GDQ]DQWHVTXHVRQKDELWXDOPHQWHP~VLFRVHOHJLGRVSDUDDFRPSDxDU
HQHO&RUSXV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
$GHQWUDUQRVHQHOVLJOR;9,,VXSRQHTXHORVGDWRVVHYDQPXOWLSOLFDQGR\
ODV ©HVSHFLDOLGDGHVª HQ ODV GHGLFDFLRQHV VH YDQ DFHQWXDQGR TXL]i SRUTXH HO
RÀFLRGHP~VLFRWDPELpQVHVXMHWDEDSRUHQWRQFHV\DDXQDVQRUPDVVHJ~QVH
GHGXFHGHXQJXVWRVRWHVWLPRQLRGHWDPELpQLQpGLWRGHO$UFKLYRGH3UR
WRFRORVGH0DGULGHQHOTXHFXHQWDFyPRGRVSURIHVRUHVGHWURPSHWDLWDOLDQRV
©/HRQDUGR &DSULDQR WURPSHWD PD\RU \ -XDQ 0DUFRV &DVWHOODQRV WURPSHWDV
LWDOLDQRVHVDPLQDGRUHVGHOGLFKRDUWHGHODWURPSHWDª>@H[DPLQDQHQ0DGULG
D$QGUpV/ySH]©KRPEUHGHEXHQDVSHFWRPRUHQR>@\VXSOLFyOHPDQGiVH
PRVGHH[DPLQDUGHORÀFLRGHWURPSHWD\WUDVXQRVHMHUFLFLRVTXHGDOLEUHGH
XVDUHOGLFKRRÀFLRGHWURPSHWDHQFLXGDGHVYLOODV\OXJDUHV>@GHVWRVUHLQRV
\IURQWHUDV>@HQFXDQWRWRFDORVGLFKRVVLHWHWRTXHVGHJXHUUDTXHFXDOTXLHU
WURPSHWDLWDOLDQDHVWiREOLJDGRVDEHUWRFDU>@HOGLFKRGLRREUD\SDODEUDGH
VXSHUVRQD\FRQWHVWyWRGRORTXHVHOHSUHJXQWy>@(Q0DGULGDGtDVGHO
PHVGHRFWXEUHGHª(OGRFXPHQWRGHVFXEUHODUHJXODFLyQDFRPLHQ]RV
GHOVLJOR;,,GHXQDGHGLFDFLyQPXVLFDOSHUIHFWDPHQWHHVWLSXODGD\RÀFLDOPHQWH
UHFRQRFLGD$SURSyVLWRGHOHOORTXHGDREOLJDGRPHQFLRQDUTXHHQHOYDULRSLQWR
TXHKDFHUGHORVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVWDPELpQGHVFXEULPRVDFWRUHVTXHDGHPiVGHDF
WXDU\RGLULJLUIRUPDURQSDUWHGHOJUXSRGHWURPSHWDVRÀFLDOGHO$\XQWDPLHQWR
FRPROHVXFHGLyDODXWRUDFWRU\DUSLVWD*DEULHO6HGHxR
3HURKDVWDDKRUDVyORQRVKHPRVUHIHULGRDDFWRUHVRP~VLFRVQRDDFWULFHV\
©P~VLFDVª/DSULPHUDUHIHUHQFLDGRFXPHQWDODODTXHQRVKHPRVUHIHULGRWHQtD
TXHYHUFRQXQDDXWRUDGHFRPHGLDV-XDQD%DXWLVWDGH/HyQSRUTXHODYLGDGH
ORVWDEODGRVHVWDEDRFXSDGDSRUQ~PHURLPSRUWDQWHQRVyORGHDFWULFHV³H[FHS
WXDQGRHOSHULRGRGHSURKLELFLyQ³VLQRWDPELpQGH©DXWRUDVª5HSUHVHQWDQWHV
PXMHUHV DXWRUDV \ ©P~VLFDVª IRUPDURQ XQ FDXGDO VXVWDQFLRVR GH OD DFWLYLGDG
SURIHVLRQDO GHO WHDWUR DOUHGHGRU GH XQD WUHLQWHQD GH PXMHUHV P~VLFRV RFXSDQ
HOHVSDFLRWHDWUDOGHOVLJOR;9,,\VRQFRQWUDWDGDVHQODVFRPSDxtDVSDUDOD
GHGLFDFLyQHVSHFtÀFDGHWRFDU(QHO(SLVWRODULRGH/RSHGH9HJDHQFRQWUDPRV
XQDFDUWDGH/RSHIHFKDGDHQ0DGULGHOGHQRYLHPEUHGHDOFRQGHGH
6DOGDxDHQODTXHOHFRPXQLFDODPXHUWHGH¶3DSLUXOLFR·DSRGRGH©KHUPRVD
PR]DPXVLFD\PXMHUGHODFRPHGLDXQLFDª1RFRQRFHPRVPiVQRWLFLDVGH
ODKHUPRVDPXMHUDODTXHVHUHÀHUH/RSHSHURVLQGXGDSDUHFHSUREDEOHTXH
VtUHVXOWyFRQRFLGDSDUDHO)pQL[SURIHVLRQDORSHUVRQDOPHQWH'HRWUDVPXMHUHV
©P~VLFDVª FRQ DFWLYLGDG WHDWUDO VL QRV FRQVWDQ UHIHUHQFLDV ,VDEHO GH$FRVWD
3URWIROV
/D %DVH GH 'DWRV GHO 'LFFLRQDULR ELRJUiÀFR GH DFWRUHV GHO WHDWUR FOiVLFR HVSDxRO RS FLW
PHKDSHUPLWLGRKDFHUXQUHFXHQWRGHODVPXMHUHVTXHVHGHGLFDEDQDODUWHPXVLFDOUHODFLRQDGRFRQORV
HVFHQDULRV
(SLVWRODULRGH/RSHGH9HJD,,,HGGH$JXVWtQ*RQ]iH]GH$PH]~D0DGULG5$(
SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&26<&203$fÌ$67($75$/(6(1(/6,*/2'(252
WUDEDMyHQFRPSDxtDVHQODGpFDGDGHORVDxRVYHLQWH0DUtDGH$QD\DDFWUL]\
P~VLFD,VDEHOGH$QGULDJR)UDQFLVFD%D]iQTXHIXHEDLODULQD\P~VLFD0DULDQD
GH%RUMDpVWDV~OWLPDVHQDFWLYRGXUDQWHDOVHJXQGDPLWDGGHO;9,,
7RGDYtDHQ-XDQGH$UFHHOPLVPRTXHÀUPyXQFRQWUDWRSDUDDVLVWLU
UHSUHVHQWDQGRHQODFRPSDxtDFRQODDXWRUDGHFRPHGLDV-XDQD%DXWLVWDGH/HyQ
HQ HVWDED WUDEDMDQGR VyOR FRPR P~VLFR FRQ HO DXWRU 'LHJR 9DOOHMR HQ
6HYLOOD SDUD HO &RUSXV ÀHVWD TXH VLJXH DPDOJDPDQGR OD IHVWLYLGDG UHOLJLRVD
FRQODFHOHEUDFLyQWHDWUDO\SRUWDQWRUHXQLHQGRXQXQLYHUVRDUWtVWLFRULTXtVLPR
(OP~VLFR-XDQ%D]iQHVWHPLVPRDxRÀUPyXQFRQFLHUWRIHFKDGRHQ0DGULGHO
GHDEULOFRQHOPD\RUGRPRGHOD&RIUDGtDGHO6DQWtVLPRGH(O(VFRULDOSDUD
LUD©FDQWDU\WDxHUHQODVGRVFRPHGLDV\HODXWRTXHVHKDUiQHQGLFKDYLOODHO
GtDGHO&RUSXV\HOYLHUQHVVLJXLHQWHªUHFLELHQGRSRUHOORUVYLDMHVFDVD
\ FRPLGD DXQTXH HO FRPSLODGRU GH OD *HQHDORJtD RULJHQ \ QRWLFLDV GH ORV
FRPHGLDQWHVGH(VSDxDGXGDHQVXREUDVREUHHODSHOOLGR\ODLGHQWLGDGGHHVWH
P~VLFRQRVRWURVKHPRVSRGLGRFRPSUREDUFRQODGRFXPHQWDFLyQRULJLQDOTXH
-XDQ%D]iQHVGLVWLQWRGH-XDQ0D]DQDRWURDFWRU\P~VLFRTXHWUDEDMySRUODV
PLVPDVIHFKDVHQODVWDEODV\PXULyHOPLVPRDxRGH
<DHQODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHO;9,,ODVFRPSDxtDVWHDWUDOHVFRQWDEDQGHXQD
PDQHUDFDVLKDELWXDOFRQXQDIRUPDFLyQGHPLHPEURVHQWUHORVTXHDSDUHFtDQ
KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV TXH VH GHQRPLQDEDQ VyOR ©P~VLFDVª \ P~VLFRV ORV DXWR
UHVFRPSRQtDQVXFXDGULOODGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQSDUDODWHPSRUDGDWHDWUDOFRQOD
HVSHFLDOLGDGDEVROXWDGHVXVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODPLVPDPDQHUDTXHVHHOHJtDD
XQFRQRFLGRMRYHQ\DSXHVWRUHSUHVHQWDQWHSDUDUHDOL]DUORVSDSHOHVGHSULPHU
JDOiQWDPELpQVHVHOHFFLRQDEDDORVP~VLFRVWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODSURIHVLRQDOL
GDG\OR©DGHFXDGRªTXHUHVXOWDVHHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQHOÀQGHJDUDQWL]DU
HO p[LWR GH HQWUDGD HQ ORV WHDWURV 6LUYDQ GH PXHVWUD ORV GDWRV TXH VH RIUHFHQ
D FRQWLQXDFLyQ ORV DFWRUHV \ P~VLFRV 0DUFR$QWRQLR GH$JXLODU \ )UDQFLVFR
$UDJyQRFXSDURQIUHFXHQWHPHQWHORVWDEODGRVHVSDxROHV-DFLQWD$\XVRHQ
DSDUHFH FLWDGD FRPR P~VLFR HQ OD UHODFLyQ TXH HO DXWRU$ORQVR GH 3D] ÀUPD
HOGHPDU]RHQ0DGULG)HOLSHGH$UWHWDVHFRQFHUWyMXQWRFRQVXPXMHUHQ
FRQ(VWHEDQ1~xH]DXWRUGHFRPHGLDVSDUDIRUPDUSDUWHGHVXFRPSDxtD
KDVWD&DUQDYDOGHODxRVLJXLHQWHpOFRPRP~VLFRSULQFLSDO\HOODFRPRDFWUL]
\HODUSLVWD0DQXHO$WLODQRTXLHQDFRPLHQ]RVGHOVLJOR;9,,,IRUPySDUWHGH
FRPSDxtDVGHFRPHGLDVUHFRQRFLGDVVyORFRODERUyHQHOODVFRPRP~VLFR
(O SDQRUDPD TXH FLHUUD HO VLJOR ;9,, \ DEUH HO ;9,,, HV WRGDYtD PiV HV
SHFtÀFR ORV FRQWUDWRV GRFXPHQWDOHV YDQ H[SRQLHQGR FXLGDGRVDPHQWH TXH ORV
-RVp6iQFKH]$UMRQD1RWLFLDVUHIHUHQWHVDORVDQDOHVGHOWHDWURHQ6HYLOODGHVGH/RSHGH5XHGD
KDVWDÀQHVGHOVLJOR;9,,6HYLOODSiJ
&ULVWyEDO3pUH]3DVWRU1XHYRVGDWRVDFHUFDGHOKLVWULRQLVPRHVSDxROHQORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,
3ULPHUD6HULH0DGULG,PSUHQWDGHOD5HYLVWD(VSDxRODSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
SURIHVLRQDOHVTXHVHREOLJDEDQHQODVHVFULWXUDVHUDQVROLFLWDGRVSRUXQDDFWLYLGDG
FRQFUHWDODGHDUSLVWDWDxHGRUHVGHJXLWDUUDHWF\SRUHOODUHPXQHUDGRV(VWH
XQLYHUVR WHDWUDO DPDOJDPDGR GH GLIHUHQWHV DUWHV FRQWULEX\y D TXH ODV SLH]DV
GUDPiWLFDVUHVXOWDUDQPiVTXHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHXQWH[WRGLDORJDGRHOWH[WR
OLWHUDULRVHVXMHWyDODSDODEUDDODYR]HQWRQDGDDOPRYLPLHQWREDLODGRVHJ~Q
HOJXVWRGHODpSRFD$ODSDUTXHVHSURGXFtDHVWDUHDOLGDGDUWtVWLFDVRFLRHFR
QyPLFD ORV SRHWDV EDUURFRV HVFULELHURQ VXV FRPHGLDV WHQLHQGR FRPR UHFXUVR
OLWHUDULRODP~VLFDXWLOL]DQGRHOEDLOH\ORVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVFRPRSDUWH
GHODDFFLyQHLQFOXVRFRPRH[FXVDHQHVFHQDSDUDTXHORVSHUVRQDMHVHQFRQ
WUDVHQXQFDPLQRTXHFRQGXMHUDDOOXJDUTXHVROLFLWDEDQORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVTXH
FHUUDEDQRDEUtDQHODUJXPHQWRHQXQDMRUQDGDSLH]DVFODYHVSDUDHOHVWXGLRGH
HVWRVDVSHFWRVUHVXOWDQORVUHSDUWRVGHODVFRPHGLDV\ODVSURSLDVDFRWDFLRQHV
HQODVSRGHPRVFRPSUREDUFyPRODP~VLFDHVXQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVGUDPiWLFRV
LPSUHVFLQGLEOHSDUDHQWHQGHUODSLH]DWHDWUDOFRPRWH[WRGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
0Ô6,&26<&203$fÌ$67($75$/(6(1(/6,*/2'(252
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
)LUPDQ ©$ORQVR GH ODV &XHYDV \ )UDQFLVFR GH ÉELOD 3DVy DQWH PM )UDQFLVFR 0DUWtQH]
HVFULXDQRª
'2/25(612*8(5$*8,5$2
8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1
(/7($752</$0Ô6,&$'(/6,*/2252
,1752'8&&,Ð1
'HERH[SUHVDUPLDJUDGHFLPLHQWRDORVRUJDQL]DGRUHVGHHVWD©(GDGGH2UR
;;,,ªSRUKDEHUQRVGDGRODRSRUWXQLGDGGHSDUWLFLSDUHQHVWHIRURGHGHEDWH
\UHHQFXHQWUROLWHUDULRPXVLFDOHQWUHPXVLFyORJRV\ÀOyORJRV\WHQHUFRQHOOR
ODRSRUWXQLGDGGHUHFXSHUDUHODQWLJXR\FOiVLFRFRQFHSWRGH0~VLFDFRQFHSWR
TXH KD PDUFDGR GH XQD PDQHUD FRQVWDQWH OD KLVWRULRJUDItD OLWHUDULD \ PXVLFDO
RFFLGHQWDO
$O HQFRQWUDUPH DQWH XQ S~EOLFR \ SRVWHULRUPHQWH XQRV OHFWRUHV GH HVWDV
$FWDVPiVGHÀOyORJRVTXHGHPXVLFyORJRVPLLQWHUYHQFLyQYDHVSHFLDOPHQWH
GLULJLGDDORVSULPHURVFRQHOREMHWLYRGHPRVWUDUOHV\UHFRUGDUODtQWLPDXQLyQ
TXHKD\HQWUHHVWDVGRVGLVFLSOLQDVKR\LQGHSHQGLHQWHVHQVXWUDWDPLHQWRDXQTXH
FRQWDQWDVFRQH[LRQHVFRPXQHVTXHQRVREOLJDQFDGDYH]PiVDUHHQFRQWUDUQRV
GHQXHYRODOLWHUDWXUD\ODP~VLFD
&RPRELHQUHVXPH1HXEDXHU©HOWpUPLQRJULHJRPXVLNpDEDUFDEDWDQWROD
P~VLFDFRPRHOOHQJXDMHSRUTXHODP~VLFDVHEDVDEDHQODORQJLWXG\WRQRLQ
YDULDEOHVGHODVVtODEDVJULHJDV(QODVOHQJXDVHXURSHDVPRGHUQDVHVLPSRVLEOH
HQFRQWUDUXQDLPLWDFLyQPXVLFDOGHOOHQJXDMHTXHVHSXHGDFRPSDUDUDODJULHJD
SXHVWRTXHHQDTXHOODVODORQJLWXG\WRQRGHXQDVtODEDGHSHQGHQGHOpQIDVLV
VHPiQWLFRTXHUHFLEHQHQFDGDFRQWH[WRSDUWLFXODU(OOD]RHQWUHHOOHQJXDMH\
ODP~VLFDJULHJRVQRSHUPLWLyHOGHVDUUROORGHWH[WXUDVPXVLFDOHVFRPSOHMDV\
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
SROLIDFpWLFDV>VLFSRUSROLIyQLFDV@\ORVLQVWUXPHQWRVDFRPSDxDEDQDODYR]DO
XQtVRQRRFRQSRFDVGHVYLDFLRQHVª
ÌQWLPDPHQWHFRQHFWDGDFRQHVWDFRQFHSFLyQGHODPRXVLNpHVWiOD7HRUtDGH
ORV$IHFWRV WHRUtD TXH YLHQH QL PiV QL PHQRV TXH D XQLÀFDU \ GHÀQLU OD JUDQ
YDULHGDG GH IRUPDV \ JpQHURV PXVLFDOHV TXH DSDUHFHQ HQ HO SHULRGR EDUURFR
WRGRVHOORVSUHVLGLGRVSRUHOFRQYHQFLPLHQWRGH©ODIHVXE\DFHQWHHQHOSRGHU
GHODP~VLFDRGLFKRFRQPiVSUHFLVLyQHQHOGHEHUGHODP~VLFDGHPRYLOL]DU
ORV DIHFWRVª FRPR \D HVFULELHUD ³HQWUH RWURV³ &ODXGH 3DOLVFD /D WHRUtD
SODWyQLFRDULVWRWpOLFD GH ORV DIHFWRV VXSRQH HO FRQFHSWR GH TXH XQ HVWDGR GH
iQLPRUDFLRQDOPHQWHGHÀQLEOHSXHGHVHUH[SUHVDGRSRUPHGLRGHGHWHUPLQDGRV
UHFXUVRVPXVLFDOHV\DGHPiVGHTXHVyORXQDIHFWREiVLFRGHEtDSUHYDOHFHUHQ
XQDREUDPXVLFDOFRPRSRUHMHPSORXQDULDXQPRYLPLHQWRGHXQDVXLWHGH
XQDVRQDWDHWF
3HURHOWHPDYDPXFKRPiVDOOi\HOSURSRQHUHQPLLQWHUYHQFLyQHOWHPD
GHORV©DIHFWRVªVHGHEHDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOPLVPRHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRDUWtVWLFR
GHOVLJOR;9,,HQWRGDVVXVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVWDQWROLWHUDULDVSOiVWLFDVFRPRPX
VLFDOHVGHWDOPDQHUDTXHGHVGHHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDGHEHPRVFRQVLGHUDUODFLWDGD
FHQWXULD FRPR HO SXQWR FXOPLQDQWH GH ODV LGHDV SODWyQLFRDULVWRWpOLFDV TXH VH
WUDQVPLWHQVLQVROXFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDGDORODUJRGHORVVLJORV
(Q HVWH PLVPR VHQWLGR GH QXHYR QRV UHFXHUGD 1HXEDXHU TXH ©©$IIHFWXVª
IXHHQVXRULJHQ XQD WUDGXFFLyQ GH SDWKRV \ GHVLJQDED XQ HVWDGR HPRFLRQDO
LQGXFLGRH[WHUQDPHQWH/DVWHRUtDVGHODVSDVLRQHVHQODVDUWHVGHVFULEHQFyPR
FRGLÀFDUODVHPRFLRQHV\FyPRORVFyGLJRVLQGXFHQHPRFLRQHVHQHOSHUFHSWRU
3XHVWR TXH HO SURSyVLWR GH OD P~VLFD HPRWLYD HV SHUVXDGLU D VXV R\HQWHV VH
SXHGHGHFLUTXHVHUHODFLRQDFRQODUHWyULFDODUHWyULFDPXVLFDOHVHQHVWHVHQ
WLGRXQPHGLRGHDOFDQ]DUORVÀQHVHPRWLYRV$Vt%XHORZGHÀQHOD©GRFWULQD
GHODVSDVLRQHVªFRPRXQFRQFHSWRHVWpWLFRGHODP~VLFDEDUURFD©GHULYDGRHQ
VX RULJHQ GH ODV GRFWULQDV JULHJDV \ ODWLQDV GH OD UHWyULFD \ OD RUDWRULDª 1HZ
*URYH\WRGDYtDFRQPD\RUFODULGDG©/DVSDVLRQHVVHLQWURGXFHQHQ
ODWHUPLQRORJtDPXVLFDOEDUURFDFRPRSDUWHGHORVFRQFHSWRVUHWyULFRVTXHHVWRV
FRPSRVLWRUHV\WHyULFRVDGRSWDURQFRQWDQWRDUGRUª
/$6 ,'($6 '(3/$7Ð1 62%5( /26 $)(&726
1R QRV TXHGD RWUR UHPHGLR TXH KDFHU XQD UDSLGtVLPD PHQFLyQ D 3ODWyQ \
$ULVWyWHOHVGHQXHYRHVSHFLDOPHQWHYLJHQWHVHQHOVLJOR;9,,UHLWHUDQGRTXH
-RKQ1HXEDXHU/DHPDQFLSDFLyQGHODP~VLFD(ODOHMDPLHQWRGHODPtPHVLVHQODHVWpWLFDGHO
VLJOR;9,,,0DGULG9LVRUSiJV
&ODXGH3DOLVFD/DP~VLFDGHO%DUURFR%XHQRV$LUHV9tFWRU/HU~SiJ
-RKQ1HXEDXHURSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
DPERV FRQFHGHQ D OD P~VLFD XQ HQRUPH SRGHU SDUD LQÁXLU HQ HO VHU KXPDQR
PRGLÀFDQGRRDOWHUDQGRVXVDIHFWRVRHVWDGRVGHiQLPR3ODWyQH[FOXVLYDPHQWH
DWUDYpVGHODSDODEUDGHOWH[WRFDQWDGR\$ULVWyWHOHVKDFLHQGRH[WHQVLYRHVH
SRGHUWDPELpQDODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDOVLQSDODEUDV&RPRHVWDVDÀUPDFLRQHV
RUHIHUHQFLDVWDQWDVYHFHVUHLWHUDGDVQXQFDYLHQHQDFRPSDxDGDVGHVXVWH[WRV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVQRYHQGUiGHPiVUHFRUGDUVXFLQWDPHQWHORVPiVIXQGDPHQ
WDOHVSRUTXHVRQHVWDVDÀUPDFLRQHVODVTXHGHWHUPLQDQGHPDQHUDHVSHFLDOHO
SHQVDPLHQWR DUWtVWLFR GHO VLJOR ;9,, VL ELHQ HV YHUGDG TXH QXQFD GHMDURQ GH
HVWDUSUHVHQWHVGHXQDXRWUDPDQHUDHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRRFFLGHQWDO
(Q FXDQWR D 3ODWyQ VXV UHIHUHQFLDV D OD P~VLFD VRQ FRQVWDQWHV HQ WRGDV
VXV REUDV (Q /D 5HS~EOLFD R GH OD -XVWLFLD GHÀHQGH QL PiV QL PHQRV TXH OD
HGXFDFLyQTXHGHEHQUHFLELUORVJXDUGLDQHVGHODFLXGDGKDGHVHU©ODJLPQDVLD
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOFXHUSR\ODP~VLFDSDUDODIRUPDFLyQGHODOPDªSHURQR
FXDOTXLHUWLSRGHP~VLFDVLQRODP~VLFDDFRPSDxDGDSRUHOWH[WRSXHVSDUDpO
©ODPHORGtDHVWiFRPSXHVWDGHWUHVHOHPHQWRVDVDEHUODOHWUDODDUPRQtD>HQOD
WHUPLQRORJtDJULHJDWLHQHHOVHQWLGRGHPHORGtDRDOWXUDGHOVRQLGR@\HOULWPRª
1LWDPSRFRFXDOTXLHUPRGRRKDUPRQtDHVYiOLGDVLQR
>«@ DTXHOODV >KDUPRQtDV R PRGRV@ TXH LPLWHQ GLJQDPHQWH WDQWR
ODYR]FRPRORVDFHQWRVGHXQKpURHTXHELHQHQDFFLyQEpOLFDELHQ
HQFXDOTXLHURWUDDFFLyQYLROHQWDVHYHDEDWLGRSRUXQDKHULGDRYD
GHUHFKRDODPXHUWHRFDHHQRWUDGHVJUDFLDVHPHMDQWH\VLQHPEDU
JRHQWRGDVHVWDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVDFHSWDVXPDODVXHUWHÀUPHPHQWH\
FRQHQWHUH]D7DPELpQSXHGHVDGPLWLURWUDTXHLPLWHDDTXHOTXHGH
PDQHUDSDFtÀFD\QRIRU]DGDVLQRPiVELHQYROXQWDULDWUDWDGHOOH
YDUDRWURDOFRQYHQFLPLHQWRGHDOJR\OHVXSOLFDFRQSURPHVDVVLVH
GLULJHDXQGLRVFRQLQVWUXFFLRQHV\DPRQHVWDFLRQHVVLVHWUDWDGHXQ
KRPEUHRSRUHOFRQWUDULRTXHVHDYLHQHDODVV~SOLFDVHQVHxDQ]DV
R SHUVXDVLRQHV DMHQDV \ OHMRV GH VHQWLUVH RUJXOORVR FRQ WRGR OR TXH
KD FRQVHJXLGR WUDQVSDUHFH HQ WRGD VXV DFFLRQHV VHQVDWH] \ PHVXUD
\ VH PXHVWUD VLHPSUH FRQWHQWR FRQ VX VXHUWH 'HMD SXHV HVDV GRV
DUPRQtDVYLROHQWD\HVSRQWiQHDTXHVRQODVTXHSXHGHQLPLWDUPHMRU
ODVYRFHVGHORVGHVGLFKDGRVGHORVDIRUWXQDGRVGHORVSUXGHQWHV\
GHORVYDOLHQWHV
3ODWyQ ©/D 5HS~EOLFD R GH OD -XVWLFLDª FH HQ 2EUDV FRPSOHWDV 0DGULG$JXLODU
SiJ
,ELGHPEGSiJ
,ELGHPSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
<DHQHVWHWH[WRQRVKDDSDUHFLGRHODVSHFWRSHUVXDVLYRUHWyULFRGHODP~VLFD
9DOJDVyORFRPRUHIXHU]RSXQWXDOGHQXHVWURWHPDGHORVPXFKRVTXHVHSRGUtDQ
FLWDUHOTXHHVWHPLVPRSDVDMHVLUYHD0RQWHYHUGLSDUDMXVWLÀFDUODFRPSRVLFLyQ
GHVXV0DGULJDOHVJXHUUHURV\DPRURVRVFRQODLQYHQFLyQLQFOXVRGHXQQXHYR
HVTXHPDUtWPLFR
(VHFRQYHQFLPLHQWRGHOSRGHUGHOD0HORGtDTXHSDUD3ODWyQHVWH[WRHQWR
QDGR\ULWPDGRSDUDPRGHODUHOFDUiFWHUOHKDFHSURSRQHUXQFRQWUROVREUHORV
SRHWDV\VREUHWRGRVORVGHPiVDUWLVWDVSDUDTXHWUDEDMHQFRQHVWDÀQDOLGDG
1RVRORGHEHPRVHMHUFHUYLJLODQFLDVREUHORVSRHWDVIRU]iQGROHV
DTXHQRVSUHVHQWHQHQVXVYHUVRVKRPEUHVGHEXHQFDUiFWHURDTXH
GHMHQGHVHUYLUVHGHODSRHVtDVLQRTXHWDPELpQKHPRVGHYLJLODUD
ORV GHPiV DUWLVWDV SDUD LPSHGLUOHV TXH QRV RIUH]FDQ OD PDOGDG R HO
GHVHQIUHQR OD JURVHUtD R OD IDOWD GH JUDFLD HQ OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH
VHUHVYLYRVHQODVHGLÀFDFLRQHVRHQFXDOTXLHURWURJpQHURDUWtVWLFR
1RSRGUiUHDOL]DUREUDDOJXQDHQWUHQRVRWURVTXLHQQRVHDFDSD]GH
DSDUWDUVHGHHVRVPRGHORVHYLWDQGRDVtTXHQXHVWURVJXDUGLDQHVDOL
PHQWDGRVGHLPiJHQHVYLFLRVDVFRPRVLVHWUDWDVHGHXQPDOSDVWR
\FRJLHQGRGHDTXt\GHDOOtDXQTXHHQSHTXHxDVFDQWLGDGHVSXHGDQ
LQWURGXFLUXQJUDQPDOHQVXVDOPDVVLQDSHQDVGDUVHFXHQWDGHHOOR
+DEUiTXHEXVFDUDUWLVWDVFDSDFHVGHUDVWUHDUODKXHOODGHWRGROREHOOR
\JUDFLRVRSDUDTXHORVMyYHQHVYLYDQFRPRHQXQOXJDUVDQR\UHFL
EDQD\XGDSRUGRTXLHUH[SUHVDGDHQODVEHOODVREUDVTXHLPSUHVLRQDQ
VXVRMRVRVXVRtGRVDOLJXDOTXHXQDXUDOOHQDGHYLGDTXH\DGHVGH
ODLQIDQFLD\DSHQDVVLQGDUVHFXHQWDOHPRYLHUDDLPLWDU\DDPDUOR
EHOORGHSHUIHFWRDFXHUGRFRQODEHOOH]DH[SUHVLYD
3HURHVHOFDQWROHWUD\P~VLFDHODUWHTXHPiV\PHMRUVLUYHSDUDHVDPR
GHODFLyQGHOFDUiFWHU
&ODXGLR0RQWHYHUGL,QWURGXFFLyQDOOLEUR9,,,GHORV0DGULJDOL*XHUUHULHW$PRURVL9HQHFLD
©+DELHQGR\RFRQVLGHUDGRTXHQXHVWUDVSULQFLSDOHVSDVLRQHVRDIHFWRVGHODOPDVRQWUHV,UD7HP
SODQ]D\+XPLOGDGRV~SOLFDFRPRDFHUWDGDPHQWHDÀUPDQORVPHMRUHVÀOyVRIRV\TXHQXHVWUDYR]SXHGH
HPLWLUVHDOWDEDMD\PHGLD\YLHQGRTXHHODUWHPXVLFDOORVH[SUHVDFODUDPHQWHHQHVWRVWUHVWpUPLQRV
GHFRQFLWDGRPXHOOH\WHPSODGRPDVQRKDELHQGRSRGLGRHQFRQWUDUHQWRGDVODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVGHORV
FRPSRVLWRUHV SDVDGRV QLQJ~Q HMHPSOR GHO JpQHUR FRQFLWDGR VLQR VyOR GHO PXHOOH \ WHPSODGR JpQHUR
GHVFULWR SRU 3ODWyQ HQ HO WHUFHU OLEUR GH OD 5HWyULFD >VLF SRU 5HS~EOLFD@ FRQ HVWDV SDODEUDV ©6XVFLSH
+DUPRQLDPLOODPTXDHXWGHFHWLPLWDWXUIRUWLWHUHXQWLVLQSURHOLXPYRFHVDWTXHDFFHQWXVª\VDELHQGR
TXHORVFRQWUDVWHVVRQORVTXHPiVFRQPXHYHQQXHVWURiQLPRTXHHVHOREMHWLYRGHOD0~VLFDFRPR
DÀUPD%RHFLRFXDQGRGLFH©0XVLFDPQRELVHVVHFRQLXFWDPPRUHVYHOKRQHVWDUHYHOHYHUWHUHªSRUHVWR
PHKHGHGLFDGRFRQWRGRHPSHxR\QRSRFDIDWLJDDHQFRQWUDUORǻ
3ODWyQ©5HS~EOLFDªDGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
¢1RHVODP~VLFDODTXHSURSRUFLRQDODHGXFDFLyQPiVVHxHUD\D
TXHSUHFLVDPHQWHHOULWPR\ODDUPRQtD> PHORGtD@VHLQWURGXFHQHQ
ORPiVtQWLPRGHODOPD\KDFLpQGRVHIXHUWHVHQHOODODSURYHHQGHOD
JUDFLD\ODKDFHQDHVWHPRGHORVLODHGXFDFLyQUHFLELGDHVDGHFXDGDD
pOSHURQRVLRFXUUHORFRQWUDULR"¢1RHVFLHUWRWDPELpQTXHSHQHWUDUi
FRQPiVDJXGH]DHQORVGHIHFWRVGHODVREUDVQDWXUDOHV\DUWtVWLFDVOD
SHUVRQDTXHKDUHFLELGRODHGXFDFLyQFRQYHQLHQWH\TXHGHVGHxDQGR
SRUWDQWRORVYLFLRVHVWiHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHDODEDU\JR]DUGHOREXHQR
TXHDFRJLGR\DHQVXDOPDOHVHUYLUiGHDOLPHQWR\OHKDUiXQKRPEUH
SOHQDPHQWHYLUWXRVR"6LUHSUXHEDORVYLFLRVORVRGLDUiHQWHUDPHQWH
\DGHVGHODQLxH]\DQWHVTXHOOHJXHHOXVRGHODUD]yQ\XQDYH]HQ
SRVHVLyQGHpVWDODVDOXGDUiFRQDOERUR]R\ODWHQGUiGHVGHXQSULQFLSLR
FRPRDOJRPX\IDPLOLDU3RUHVRPHSDUHFHDPt³GLMRpO³TXHOD
HGXFDFLyQGHVFDQVDHQODP~VLFD
&RQVHFXHQWHPHQWHHVHFRQYHQFLPLHQWRGHOSRGHUGHODP~VLFD\VXQHFHVDULR
FRQWUROVREUHORVWUHVFRPSRQHQWHVQRORROYLGHPRVWH[WRHQWRQDFLyQ\ULWPR
OHOOHYDDDÀUPDUDTXHOODIUDVHWDQFRQRFLGD\DYHFHVQRHQWHQGLGDGHTXH
+DEUiGHPDQWHQHUVHODSUHYHQFLyQFRQUHVSHFWRDFXDOTXLHULQQR
YDFLyQHQHOFDQWRDOREMHWRGHQRHFKDUORWRGRDSHUGHUSRUTXHFRPR
GLFH'DPyQFX\DRSLQLyQDSUXHERQRVHSXHGHQPRGLÀFDUODVUHJODV
PXVLFDOHVVLQDOWHUDUDODYH]ODVPiVJUDQGHVOH\HVSROtWLFDV
(Q/DV/H\HVGHVDUUROODWRGDYtDPiVHVWHSODQHGXFDWLYR\FODULÀFDGHQXHYR
HVWD©WHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRVªFXDQGRDÀUPDTXH
©VLQHGXFDFLyQªVLJQLÀFDUiORPLVPRTXH©FDUHQWHGHHMHUFLFLRHQ
ORVFRURVª\UHFRQRFHUHPRVFRPRELHQHGXFDGRDDTXHOTXHVHKDEUi
HMHUFLWDGRVXÀFLHQWHPHQWHHQHOOR>«@3XHVWRTXHHODUWHFRUDOFRQVLVWH
HQLPLWDUORVFDUDFWHUHVSRUPHGLRGHUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVTXHVXSRQHQ
DFFLRQHV \ FLUFXQVWDQFLDV GH WRGD FODVH HQ ODV TXH ORV HMHFXWDQWHV
UHFXUUHQ D VXV FRVWXPEUHV \ D VX FDSDFLGDG GH LPLWDFLyQ DTXHOORV
HQTXLHQHVODVSDODEUDVODVPHORGtDVHLQFOXVRODVGDQ]DVFXDOTXLHUD
TXH VHD VX FODVH HVWiQ GH DFXHUGR FRQ HO FDUiFWHU TXH HOORV WLHQHQ
SRUQDWXUDOH]DSRUKiELWRRSRUXQD\RWUDFRVDHVRVQHFHVDULDPHQWH
VLHQWHQ SODFHU HQ HVWDV LPLWDFLRQHV \ UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV ODV DODEDQ \
ODVGHQRPLQDQEHOODVHQFDPELRDTXHOORVHQTXLHQHVSRUHOFRQWUDULR
,ELGHP
3ODWyQ©5HS~EOLFDªDGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
HVWDVFRVDVFRQWUDGLFHQODQDWXUDOPDQHUDGHVHUHOFDUiFWHURHOKiELWR
GHYLGDQRSXHGHQFRPSODFHUVHHQHOODVQLSXHGHQDODEDUODVVLQRWDQ
VRORGHQRPLQDUODVIHDV>«@
<PiVDGHODQWHHVWiVXDQWROyJLFDGHÀQLFLyQGHOULWPR\GHODUWHFRUDO
HO RUGHQ HQ ORV PRYLPLHQWRV VH OODPDED ULWPR \ TXH HO GH OD YR]
FXDQGRVHPH]FODQORVVRQLGRVJUDYHV\DJXGRVVHOODPDEDDUPRQtD
PLHQWUDVTXHHOFRQMXQWRGHDPEDVFRVDVVHOODPDEDDUWHFRUDO
<HODUWHFRUDOHVLPLWDFLyQ\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ©DOWUDWDUVHGHODP~VLFDWRGR
HOPXQGRHVWDUiGHDFXHUGRHQTXHWRGDVVXVFUHDFLRQHVVRQLPLWDFLyQ\UHSUH
VHQWDFLyQª\FRQVWLWX\HHOFRQMXQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQ
(ODUWHFRUDOWRPDGRHQVXFRQMXQWRGHFtDPRVTXHHUDSDUDQRVR
WURVHOFRQMXQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQSRUXQDSDUWHHVWDEDQORVULWPRV\
ODVPHORGtDVTXHFRQVWLWX\HQHOHOHPHQWRYRFDO>«@3RURWUDSDUWH
YLPRVTXHHOPRYLPLHQWRGHOFXHUSRWHQtDGHFRP~QFRQHOPRYLPLHQWR
GHODYR]HOULWPRSHURTXHWHQtDFRPRFRVDSURSLDORVDGHPDQHV\
DFWLWXGHV PLHQWUDV TXH OR TXH FDUDFWHUL]D HO PRYLPLHQWR GH OD YR]
HV OD PHORGtD >«@$KRUD ELHQ FXDQGR OD YR] OOHJD KDVWD HO DOPD
HQWRQFHVPHSDUHFHVHGDODIRUPDFLyQHQODYLUWXGDODTXHKHPRV
GDGRHOQRPEUHGHP~VLFD
<PiVDGHODQWHYDDFRQFOXLUTXH
ORVULWPRV\ODP~VLFDHQJHQHUDOWLHQHQSRUREMHWRODLPLWDFLyQGHODV
FRVWXPEUHVKXPDQDVEXHQDVRPDODV>«@(VQHFHVDULRXWLOL]DUWRGRV
ORV PHGLRV LPDJLQDEOHV SDUD HYLWDU ELHQ TXH QXHVWURV KLMRV GHVHHQ
LPLWDUQXHYRVPRGHORVHQVXVGDQ]DVRVXVPHORGtDVELHQTXHQRVH
OHVLQGX]FDDHOORRIUHFLpQGROHVSODFHUHVGHWRGDVFODVHV>«@
3ODWyQ ©/DV /H\HV R GH OD /HJLVODFLyQª GH HQ 2EUDV FRPSOHWDV 0DGULG$JXLODU
SiJ(OVXEUD\DGRHVPtR
,ELGHPHESiJ
,ELGHPGGSiJ
,ELGHPHDSiJV
,ELGHPGHSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
(/ &$172 *5(*25,$12 (-(03/,),&$&,Ð1 '(/ 02'(/2 3/$7Ð1,&2
(VWDUHODFLyQWDQHVWUHFKDHQWUHSDODEUD\P~VLFDFRPRHOHPHQWRGHSHUVXD
VLyQ\GHFRQYHQFLPLHQWRIXHDVXPLGD\©FULVWLDQL]DGDªSRUORVSDGUHVGHOD
,JOHVLDHVSHFLDOPHQWHSRU6DQ$JXVWtQHQVX'H0XVLFD\SXHVWDHQYLJRUHQ
HOPXQGRFULVWLDQRFRQODLPSRVLFLyQGHO&DQWR5RPDQRR*UHJRULDQRTXHSDUWH
GHODDÀUPDFLyQSODWyQLFDGHTXH©ODPHORGtDHVWiFRPSXHVWDGHWUHVHOHPHQWRV
DVDEHUODOHWUDODDUPRQtD\HOULWPRª\GHODSURSXHVWDGHOHJLVODFLyQPXVLFDO
H[SUHVDGDSRU3ODWyQLQPHGLDWDPHQWHDFRQWLQXDFLyQGHORVWH[WRVDQWHULRUHV
¢3RGUtDDOJXQRGHQRVRWURVHQFRQWUDUSDUDHYLWDUHVWRXQPpWRGR
PHMRUTXHHOTXHXWLOL]DQORVHJLSFLRV">«@'DUFDUiFWHUVDJUDGRDWRGD
GDQ]D\DWRGDP~VLFDGHWHUPLQDUSULPHUDPHQWHODVÀHVWDVRUGHQDU
SRU DGHODQWDGR SDUD WRGR HO DxR ODV IHVWLYLGDGHV TXH VH KDEUiQ GH
FHOHEUDU ODV pSRFDV HQ TXH KDEUiQ GH FHOHEUDUVH \ HQ KRQRU GH TXp
GLRVHV R KLMRV GH GLRVHV VH YDQ D FHOHEUDU /XHJR GHWHUPLQDU TXp
KLPQRVHKDEUiGHFDQWDUDOVDFULÀFDUDORVGLRVHV\FRQTXpGDQ]DV
KDEUiTXHKRQUDUWDO\FXDOVDFULÀFLR>«@$OTXHSUHVHQWDUDHQKRQRU
GHDOJ~QGLRVRWURVKLPQRVXRWUDVGDQ]DVTXHHVWRVOHH[SXOVDUiQORV
VDFHUGRWHV\VDFHUGRWLVDVHQFRODERUDFLyQFRQORVJXDUGLDQHVGHODV
OH\HVREUDQGRHQHOORGHFRQIRUPLGDGFRQODUHOLJLyQ\ODOH\
1RKL]RRWUDFRVDODLJOHVLDURPDQDTXHSRQHUHQSUiFWLFDHVWRVSULQFLSLRV
FRQODÀQDOLGDGGH©PRYHUORVDIHFWRVªGHORVJHQWLOHV\FRQVHJXLUVXFRQYHU
VLyQDOFULVWLDQLVPRDWUDYpVGHODSHUVXDVLyQSRUODSDODEUDGH'LRVFDQWDGD(O
FRQYHQFLPLHQWRGHOD,JOHVLDURPDQDHQHVWDVLGHDVSODWyQLFDVIXHGHWDOHQWLGDG
TXHVLQGXGDDOJXQDFRQVWLWX\yODUD]yQGHTXHHQVXSROtWLFDH[SDQVLYDRGH
FULVWLDQL]DFLyQVHHVIRU]DVH\FRQVLJXLHVHHQÀMDUSRUHVFULWRORVHOHPHQWRVTXH
IDOWDEDQGHODPHORGtDHOWH[WR\DHVWDEDHOULWPRHUDHOGHODVSDODEUDVODDOWXUD
TXHQRVRWURVGHQRPLQDPRVPHORGtDSRUÀQVHSXGRÀMDULJXDOPHQWHSRUHVFULWR
DWUDYpVGHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHOWHWUDJUDPD\HOSHQWDJUDPD(UDXQDREVHVLyQSDUD
HYLWDUTXHQRVHDOWHUDVHHOFDQWRODHQWRQDFLyQSXHVWRTXHHOORSRGtDSURYRFDU
ODDOWHUDFLyQGH©ODVPiVJUDQGHVOH\HVSROtWLFDVªHQHVWHFDVRUHOLJLRVDV
/$ $3257$&,Ð1 $5,6727e/,&$
(VGHQXHYR1HXEDXHUTXLHQQRVUHVXPHTXH
+D\XQDHGLFLyQELOLQJH6DQ$JXVWtQ©'H0XVLFDOLEUL9,ªHQ2EUDVFRPSOHWDV0DGULG
%$&WRPR;;;,;SiJV
3ODWyQ©/DV/H\HVRGHOD/HJLVODFLyQªGHSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
>«@KDFLDHOÀQDOGHOVLJOR9D&VREUHYLQRXQDUHYROXFLyQPXVLFDO
TXHIXHGHVWUX\HQGRSRFRDSRFRODXQLGDGGHODPXVLNp\©URPSLyª
ODYLHMDDVRFLDFLyQGHIRUPDVPXVLFDOHV\SRpWLFDV/DVLPSURYLVDFLR
QHVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVFRQHIHFWRVGHVRQLGRVTXHLPLWDEDQODQDWXUDOH]D
RVFXUHFLHURQ D OD SDUWH YRFDO FX\R SXHVWR DQWHULRU HUD GH DEVROXWR
SUHGRPLQLR /D P~VLFD DXQTXH HUD GLVIUXWDGD DPSOLDPHQWH SHUGLy
VX SUHVWLJLR FXOWXUDO \« TXHGy SDUD ORV YLUWXRVRV SURIHVLRQDOHV GH
JUDQFDSDFLGDGWpFQLFDª+DUY'LFW3ODWyQQRDFHSWyODQXHYD
P~VLFDSRUTXHFUHtDTXHVyORODXQLGDGGHODPXVLNp\HOGRPLQLRGHO
OHQJXDMHSRGUtDQDVHJXUDUDODP~VLFDXQDIXQFLyQpWLFD\HGXFDWLYD
6HSRGUtDDÀUPDUTXHODVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVpWLFDVOOHYDURQD3ODWyQD
IDYRUHFHUODP~VLFDGRPLQDGDSRUODSDODEUDIUHQWHDXQDP~VLFDTXH
RIUHFtDXQFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODDUPRQtDFyVPLFDDXQTXHOD9HUGDG\
HO %LHQ IXHUDQ LQVHSDUDEOHV SDUD HO \ ODV UD]RQHV FRJQLWLYDV IXHUDQ
HQ~OWLPDLQVWDQFLDpWLFDV
6RUSUHQGHTXHHOOXPLQRVRWUDEDMRGH1HXEDXHUQRVHGHWHQJDHQ$ULVWyWHOHV
WDQWRDOPHQRVFRPRORKDFHHQ3ODWyQ\HVSHFLDOPHQWHTXHDSHQDVKDJDUHIH
UHQFLDDOD5HWyULFDDOD3RpWLFDQLDORV3UREOHPDVPXVLFDOHVDXQTXHHVFLHUWR
TXHUHFRJHODVGLIHUHQFLDVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHQWUHDPERVDXWRUHV(QFXDOTXLHUFDVR
ODVLQÁXHQFLDVHQODOLWHUDWXUD\HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQODP~VLFDHVSDxRODVVRQPiV
GHVLJQRSODWyQLFR\DULVWRWpOLFRTXHGHFXDOTXLHURWURWLSR
/$6 ,'($6 '($5,67Ð7(/(6 62%5( /26$)(&726,03257$1&,$ '(/$32/Ì7,&$
/RFLHUWRHVTXHWDPELpQ$ULVWyWHOHVFRQFHGHXQLPSRUWDQWHSURWDJRQLVPRDOD
P~VLFD\VXLQÁXHQFLDHQORVDIHFWRV(O/LEUR9,,,GH/D3ROtWLFDHVWiGHGLFDGR
tQWHJUDPHQWHDODHGXFDFLyQ\HQpOODP~VLFDRFXSDXQSULYLOHJLDGROXJDUSRU
VXFRQYHQFLPLHQWRÀQDOWUDVXQSULPHUDSDUHQWHGLVWDQFLDPLHQWRGHODVWHRUtDV
SODWyQLFDVGHELGRDOPpWRGRGHGXFWLYRXWLOL]DGRSRU$ULVWyWHOHVGHOSRGHUGHOD
PLVPDSDUDLQÁXLUHQORVDIHFWRVGDQGRXQSDVRPiVDODWULEXLUHVWDFDSDFLGDG
QRVyORDOFDQWRVLQRWDPELpQDODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO
(VWRSXHGHUHVXOWDUHYLGHQWHVLVRPRVDIHFWDGRVHQQXHVWURFDUiFWHU
SRUODP~VLFD<TXHVRPRVDIHFWDGRVSRUHOODHVWiFODURHQPXFKRV
RWURVFDPSRV\GHXQPRGRPX\QRWDEOHFRQODVPHORGtDVGH2OLP
SR3RUTXHVHJ~QHOFRQVHQVRJHQHUDOpVWDVSURGXFHQHQWXVLDVPRHQ
ORVHVStULWXV\HOHQWXVLDVPRHVXQDDIHFFLyQGHOFDUiFWHUGHODOPD
$GHPiVGHTXHWRGRVORVR\HQWHVGHODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVLPLWDWLYDV
Anterior
-RKQ1HXEDXHURSFLWSiJ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
VHYHQLQÁXLGRVDFRUGHPHQWHHQVXVVHQWLPLHQWRVDXQDSDUWHGHORV
ULWPRV \ PHORGtDV HQ Vt &RPR UHVXOWD TXH OD P~VLFD HV XQD GH ODV
FRVDVSODFHQWHUDV\TXHODYLUWXGFRQVLVWHHQJR]DUDPDU\RGLDUGH
PRGRFRUUHFWRHVHYLGHQWHTXHQDGDKD\TXHDSUHQGHU\SUDFWLFDUWDQWR
FRPRHOMX]JDUFRQUHFWLWXG\HOJR]DUVHHQODVEXHQDVGLVSRVLFLRQHV
PRUDOHV\HQODVDFFLRQHVKHUPRVDV<HQORVULWPRV\ODVPHORGtDVVH
GDQPX\HVSHFLDOPHQWHLPLWDFLRQHVFRQIRUPHDVXSURSLRQDWXUDOGH
ODLUD\GHODPDQVHGXPEUH\WDPELpQGHOYDORU\ODWHPSODQ]DDVt
FRPRGHVXVFRQWUDULRV\GHODVGHPiVGLVSRVLFLRQHVPRUDOHV
(VHFRQYHQFLPLHQWROHOOHYDDSURSRQHUDOLJXDOTXHVXPDHVWUR3ODWyQDOD
P~VLFDFRPRSDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGHODHGXFDFLyQGHELGRDVXSRGHUSDUDPRGHODUORV
DIHFWRVRHVWDGRVGHiQLPR\WDPELpQSRUVXFRPSRQHQWHGHSURGXFLUSODFHU
3HURHQODVPHORGtDVHQVtKD\LPLWDFLRQHVGHORVHVWDGRVGHFD
UiFWHU<HVWRHVHYLGHQWH3RUGHSURQWRODQDWXUDOH]DGHORVPRGRV
PXVLFDOHV HV GLIHUHQWH GH PRGR TXH ORV TXH ORV R\HQ VRQ LQÁXLGRV
GHPRGRGLVWLQWR\QRWLHQHQHOPLVPRHVWDGRGHiQLPRUHVSHFWRD
FDGDXQDGHHOORV$QWHDOJXQRVVHVLHQWHQPiVWULVWHV\PHGLWDWLYRV
FRPRDQWHHOPRGROODPDGRPL[ROLGLRDQWHRWURVVLHQWHQODQJXLGHFHU
VXPHQWHFRPRDQWHODVPHORGtDVOiQJXLGDV\HQRWURVFDVRVFRQXQ
iQLPRLQWHUPHGLR\UHFRJLGRFRPRSDUHFHLQVSLUDUORHOPRGRGRULR
GHPDQHUD~QLFDPLHQWUDVTXHHOIULJLRLQIXQGHHOHQWXVLDVPR(VWR
ORH[SRQHQELHQORVTXHKDQÀORVRIDGRVREUHHVWHWLSRGHHGXFDFLyQ
([WUDHQORVWHVWLPRQLRVGHVXVDUJXPHQWRVGHORVPLVPRVKHFKRV'H
LJXDOPRGRSDVDFRQORVULWPRVXQRVWLHQHQXQFDUiFWHUPiVUHSRVD
GRRWURVPiVPRYLGR\GHpVWRVORVXQRVWLHQHQPRYLPLHQWRVPiV
JURVHURV \ ORV RWURV PiV QREOHV 'H HVWRV GDWRV UHVXOWD FODUR TXH
ODP~VLFDSXHGHSURFXUDUFLHUWDFXDOLGDGGHiQLPR\VLSXHGHKDFHU
HVWRHVHYLGHQWHTXHVHGHEHDSOLFDU\TXHVHGHEHHGXFDUHQHOODDORV
MyYHQHV>«@$GHPiVSDUHFHTXHKD\HQQRVRWURVXQDFLHUWDDÀQLGDG
FRQORVULWPRV\DUPRQtDV3RUHVRPXFKRVVDELRVDÀUPDQORVXQRV
TXHHODOPDHVDUPRQtD\RWURVTXHWLHQHDUPRQtD
0iVDGHODQWHYXHOYHDDFHSWDUODLQÁXHQFLDGHODP~VLFDHQHOVHUKXPDQR
DPSOLDQGRVXIXQFLyQpWLFD\DGPLWLHQGRWDPELpQHOSODFHU\ODFDWDUVLVSDUD
ORTXHUHPLWHDOD3RpWLFD
Anterior
$ULVWyWHOHV3ROtWLFDOLEUR9,,,D0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDOSiJV
,ELGHPSiJV
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
$GPLWLPRV OD GLYLVLyQ GH ODV PHORGtDV GH DOJXQRV ÀOyVRIRV TXH
ODVGLVWLQJXHQHQpWLFDVSUiFWLFDV\HQWXVLiVWLFDV\TXHDWULEX\HQDOD
QDWXUDOH]DSURSLDGHFDGDXQDGHHVWDVDUPRQtDVXQDIXQFLyQSHFXOLDU
\GLVWLQWD$ÀUPDPRVTXHODP~VLFDQRGHEHHVWXGLDUVHFRQYLVWDVD
XQEHQHÀFLR~QLFRVLQRDYDULRVSXHVSXHGHXVDUVHSDUDODHGXFDFLyQ
\SDUDODSXULÀFDFLyQ\TXpHVORTXHHQWHQGHPRVSRU©SXULÀFDFLyQª
TXHDKRUDHPSOHDPRVVLQPiV\DORH[SOLFDUHPRVPiVFODUDPHQWHHQ
QXHVWURHVFULWRVREUH3RpWLFD\HQWHUFHUOXJDUHQODGLYHUVLyQSDUD
UHODMDPLHQWR\GHVFDQVRWUDVODWHQVLyQGHOWUDEDMR
/$32e7,&$ $5,6727e/,&$
(VOD3RpWLFDMXQWRFRQOD5HWyULFDODREUDTXHHMHUFHXQPD\RULQÁXMRHQ
HO%DUURFRFRQIRUPDQGRHOSHQVDPLHQWRQRVyORGHQXHVWURVP~VLFRVVLQRWDP
ELpQGHQXHVWURVGUDPDWXUJRV&XULRVDPHQWHWDPSRFRVHUHVDOWDQODVFRQWLQXDV
DOXVLRQHVDODP~VLFDTXHDSDUHFHQHQOD3RpWLFD\SRUHOORQRHVJUDWXLWRTXH
ODVUHFRUGHPRVDTXtSDUDSRGHUDVtHQWHQGHUODPHQWDOLGDGGHQXHVWURVDXWRUHV
EDUURFRV
/D3RpWLFD3HULSRHWLNpVHVODREUDTXHYLHQHDUHYROXFLRQDUODFRQFHSFLyQ
WHDWUDOGHO%DUURFR\GHOSHQVDPLHQWRDUWtVWLFRSXHVKD\TXHUHFRUGDU\VXEUD\DU
TXHHOFRQFHSWRGH©3RLHVLVªHVPiVDPSOLRTXHHOQXHVWURGH©3RHVtDª\VLUYH
SDUD LQGLFDU OD FUHDFLyQ DUWtVWLFD HQ JHQHUDO OD FXDO FRQIRUPH D OD WUDGLFLyQ
UHDOLVWDJULHJDHVFRQFHELGDFRPRLPLWDFLyQGHODUHDOLGDGVHQVLEOH$GLIHUHQFLD
GH3ODWyQTXHKDEtDQHJDGRHQ/D5HS~EOLFDODHVSLULWXDOLGDGGHO$UWHRELHQ
KDEtDUHFXUULGRDOFRQFHSWRGHXQDLQVSLUDFLyQLUUDFLRQDOHQHO,yQ$ULVWyWHOHV
JUDFLDVDVXFRQFHSFLyQPHWDItVLFDJHQHUDOVHOLEUDGHODLQFHUWLGXPEUHSODWyQLFD
OD©IRUPDªHVWiLQPDQHQWHHQODVFRVDV\SRUORWDQWRXQDLPLWDFLyQGHODUHDOLGDG
VHQVLEOHSXHGHWHQHUVLJQLÀFDGRHVSLULWXDOHQFXDQWRVHGLULJHDÀMDUHODVSHFWR
©IRUPDOªGHODVHQVLELOLGDGPLVPD7DOHVSUHFLVDPHQWHODLPLWDFLyQDUWtVWLFD
6H FLWD VLHPSUH D OD 3RpWLFD DULVWRWpOLFD FRPR REUD GHWHUPLQDQWH GHO SHQ
VDPLHQWR EDUURFR SHUR QR VH UHVDOWD OD LPSRUWDQFLD TXH HQ OD PLVPD WLHQH OD
0~VLFD3DUD$ULVWyWHOHVVRQFRQQDWXUDOHVHQHOKRPEUHODWHQGHQFLDDODLPLWD
FLyQ©KHUPDQDGHHVDDYLGH]SRUFRQRFHUTXHHVPDGUHGHODVFLHQFLDVªDOD
DUPRQtD>HQHOVHQWLGRGHPHORGtD@\DOULWPRORVWUHVHOHPHQWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
GHODSRLHVLVRFUHDFLyQDUWtVWLFD
(VWDV WHQGHQFLDV KDQ GDGR RULJHQ D OD HSRSH\D \ FRQ OD LQWURGXFFLyQ GHO
GLiORJRDODWUDJHGLD\DODFRPHGLD
3HUR$ULVWyWHOHVVHSDUDHQVXDQiOLVLVORVWUHVHOHPHQWRVTXHFRQVWLWX\HQOD
PHORGtDSODWyQLFDODSDODEUDHOULWPR\ODDUPRQtDRPHORGtDFODVLÀFDQGRODV
Anterior
,ELGHPESiJ3XULÀFDFLyQSRU.DWKDUVLVTXHHVODOLEHUDFLyQGHODHPRFLyQ
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
GLYHUVDVDUWHVVHJ~QHOWLSRGHLPLWDFLyQTXHXWLOL]DQ$VtVHJ~QpOOD'LWLUiPELFD
OD*QyPLFDOD7UDJHGLD\OD&RPHGLDLPLWDQFRQODSDODEUDGLFFLyQFRQHO
ULWPRQ~PHUR\FRQODPHORGtDDUPRQtDPLHQWUDVTXHODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQ
WDOLPLWDVyORFRQHOULWPR\ODPHORGtDODGDQ]DLPLWDVyORFRQHOULWPRVLQ
PHORGtDPLHQWUDVTXHODeSLFDLPLWDVyORFRQODSDODEUDGLFFLyQ
$ULVWyWHOHVDFODUD\DPSOtDTXHWDPELpQHQODGDQ]D\HQHOWDxLGRGHODÁDXWD
\GHODFtWDUDVHKDOODQHVWDVYDULHGDGHVFRQFHGLHQGRDODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO
HOPLVPRSRGHULPLWDWLYRTXHDODP~VLFDYRFDOODJUDQGLIHUHQFLDFRQ3ODWyQ
(VWDEOHFLGRHOFRQFHSWRGH3RLHVLV$ULVWyWHOHVSDVDDGLVWLQJXLUVXVJpQHURVTXH
VRQODHSRSH\DODWUDJHGLDODFRPHGLDODSRHVtDGLWLUiPELFD\ODPD\RUSDUWH
GHOD$XOpWLFD>HODUWHGHWRFDUHODXORV@\GHOD&LWDUtVWLFD>HODUWHGHWRFDUOD
FtWDUD@FRQORTXHGHQXHYRUHYDORUL]DODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDOQRDGPLWLGDSRU
3ODWyQSRUVXGLÀFXOWDGVHPiQWLFD
/DOHFWXUDGHOD3RpWLFDDULVWRWpOLFDGDODVFODYHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHO%DUUR
FRVXFRQFHSWRGHLPLWDFLyQ\ODWHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRVDVtFRPRODQHFHVDULD\
VLVWHPiWLFDSUHVHQFLDGHODP~VLFDHQORVJpQHURVGUDPiWLFRV$VtSRUHMHPSOR
/D 7UDJHGLD GHEH WHQHU 3ULQFLSLR 0HGLR \ )LQ 3UyORJR (SLVRGLRV 6DOLGD
&RUR(QODFH\'HVHQODFH\HVWiFDUDFWHUL]DGDSRUVHLVHOHPHQWRVODIiEXODORV
FDUDFWHUHVHOOHQJXDMHRHVWLORODVLGHDVHOHVSHFWiFXOR\OD0~VLFD
(OPiVLPSRUWDQWHHVOD)iEXODLPLWDFLyQGHODDFFLyQ\SRUORWDQWR~QLFR
REMHWRSURSLRGHOD3RpWLFD$ULVWyWHOHVUHLWHUDTXHQRVHVFRQQDWXUDOODLPLWD
FLyQ ©WDQWR FRPR HO FDQWR \ OD ULPDª \ VX ÀQDOLGDG HV FRQPRYHU ORV DIHFWRV
FRPSDVLyQWHPRULUDHWF
3RU RWUD SDUWH ODV GRV OH\HV GH OD 3RpWLFD VRQ GH LJXDO DSOLFDFLyQ WDQWR D
ORVJpQHURVGUDPiWLFRVFRPRDODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO/DOH\GHOOtPLWHHQOD
H[WHQVLyQ\GHODHFRQRPtDGHODVSDUWHV\ODOH\GH©ODXQLGDGªGHODFXDOORV
WHyULFRV GHO 5HQDFLPLHQWR VDFDURQ FRQ QRWDEOH OLEHUWDG GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ ODV
IDPRVDVWUHVXQLGDGHVGHWLHPSROXJDU\DFFLyQ/DXQLGDGFRQVWLWX\HODGLIH
UHQFLDIXQGDPHQWDOHQWUHQDUUDFLyQSRpWLFD\QDUUDFLyQKLVWyULFDPLHQWUDVTXH
HVWD~OWLPDHVVXFHVLyQHPStULFDGHDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVFRQWLQJHQWHVODQDUUDFLyQ
SRpWLFDRDUWtVWLFDHVVHOHFFLyQGHDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVFRQFDWHQDGRV
HQWUHVtGHPDQHUDTXHXQRVLJDDRWURFRQDEVROXWDQHFHVLGDGFRQVWLWX\HQGRXQD
©FRQH[LyQWDOTXHFDPELDQGRHOOXJDUGHXQDSDUWHRVXSULPLpQGRODVHYHQJD
DFRQIXQGLUHORUGHQGHOWRGRª
'HVSXpVGHHVWHUiSLGRDQiOLVLVQRSRGHPRVVXVFULELUODDÀUPDFLyQGH1HX
EDXHU FXDQGR DÀUPD TXH ©$ULVWyWHOHV QR VH LQWHUHVy PXFKR SRU OD LPLWDFLyQ
PXVLFDODOJRHQORTXHWDPELpQVHGLIHUHQFLyGH3ODWyQ\VHRFXSyVREUHWRGR
$ULVWyWHOHV©3RpWLFDªHQ2EUDV7UDWDGRVpWLFRPRUDOHV0DGULG$JXLODUSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
GHFyPRVXUJtDQODVSDVLRQHV\RWURVHIHFWRVSVLFROyJLFRVHQHOR\HQWHªSXHV
HVREYLRTXHORTXHSUHGRPLQDHQOD3RpWLFDHVSUHFLVDPHQWHODLPLWDFLyQSRU
ODGLFFLyQSRUHOULWPR\SRUODPHORGtDODVWUHVWHQGHQFLDVFRQQDWXUDOHVHQHO
KRPEUHVHJ~QVXVSURSLDVSDODEUDV
7DPELpQHQORV3UREOHPDVDWULEXLGRVLQLFLDOPHQWHD$ULVWyWHOHVVHHQFXHQWUD
ODWHRUtDGHOHWKRVDSOLFDGD\H[SOLFDGDLQFOXVRHQODP~VLFDLQVWUXPHQWDO$Vt
HQORV3UREOHPDV\VHSUHJXQWD©¢3RUTXpORVULWPRV\ODVPHORGtDVTXH
QRVRQRWUDFRVDQRREVWDQWHTXHVRQLGRJXDUGDQUHODFLyQGHVHPHMDQ]DFRQ
ODV FXDOLGDGHV PRUDOHV PLHQWUDV ORV VDERUHV QR QL WDPSRFR ORV FRORUHV \ ORV
RORUHV"¢1RVHUiSRUTXHVRQPRYLPLHQWRVFRPRORVRQWDPELpQODVDFFLRQHV"
/DDFWLYLGDGWLHQH\DSRUVtPLVPDFDUiFWHUpWLFR\SURGXFHHWKRVPLHQWUDVORV
VDERUHV\ORVFRORUHVQRKDFHQRWURWDQWRª
/R TXH GLVWLQJXH HO VRQLGR GH ODV GHPiV FXDOLGDGHV VHQVLEOHV HV HO PRYL
PLHQWRHVWHPRYLPLHQWRVHUHYHODHQODVXFHVLyQGHORVVRQLGRVTXHQRVRWURV
SHUFLELPRVGHPDQHUDLQPHGLDWD(OPRYLPLHQWRYLHQHDVHUHOSXHQWHTXHFRQHFWD
GHIRUPDLQGLUHFWDVRQLGR\HWKRV/DDÀQLGDGHQWUHHOVRQLGR\HOPXQGRGH
ODVHPRFLRQHV\GHOHWKRVPLHGRSLHGDGYDORUHWFHVGHQDWXUDOH]DIRUPDOH
LQGLUHFWDHOPRYLPLHQWRHVHOHOHPHQWRFRP~QDHVWRVGRVPXQGRVGLIHUHQWHV
VREUHHOTXHVHEDVDODFDSDFLGDGPLPpWLFDGHODP~VLFD
/$5(7Ð5,&$ $5,6727e/,&$
(VWUHFKDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDFRQOD3ROtWLFD\FRQOD3RpWLFDOD5HWyULFDYLH
QHDLQVLVWLU\ORTXHHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHDFRGLÀFDUWRGRORUHODFLRQDGRFRQOD
WHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRV1RKD\HQOD5HWyULFDH[SOtFLWDVUHIHUHQFLDVDOD0~VLFD
SHURHVTXHHVWiQVREUHHQWHQGLGDVHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRJHQHUDODULVWRWpOLFR\DVtOR
VXSLHURQLQWHUSUHWDUORVVXFHVLYRVUHWyULFRVFRPR&LFHUyQ\4XLQWLOLDQR\QXHVWURV
DXWRUHVGHOVLJOR;9,,(QOD5HWyULFD$ULVWyWHOHVSDUWHGHOFRQFHSWRGHTXHHO
DUWH GH ELHQ KDEODU WLHQH HO PpULWR GH SHUPLWLU DO KRPEUH GHVSOHJDU GHO PRGR
PHMRUDOJXQDVGHVXVGRWHVSHFXOLDUHVHQGHIHQVDGHORMXVWR\KRQUDGRFRQWUD
ORVDWDTXHVGHODLQMXVWLFLDH[SHUWDHQHODUWLÀFLRODUHWyULFDHV©ODIDFXOWDGGH
WHRUL]DUORTXHHVDGHFXDGRHQFDGDFDVRSDUDFRQYHQFHUª\RWUDDSRUWDFLyQHQ
UHODFLyQFRQ3ODWyQHVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDWDPELpQHQHOODXQHOHPHQWRQXHYROD
UHWyULFDFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRDUWHLQGHSHQGLHQWHSRUSULPHUDYH]\KHFKDREMHWRGH
XQHVWXGLRSDUWLFXODUGHFDUiFWHUDXQWLHPSRSUiFWLFR\WHyULFRHQHOOLEUR,,,
ORTXHYDDWHQHUXQDLQÁXHQFLDLQQHJDEOHWDPELpQHQHO%DUURFR
1HXEDXHURSFLWSiJ
$ULVWyWHOHV/RV3UREOHPDV
$ULVWyWHOHV/D5HWyULFD0DGULG*UHGRVSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
(VSHFLDOPHQWHHQHOOLEUR,,GHOD5HWyULFDQRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQXQHVWXGLR
GHWDOODGR GH ORV GLYHUVRV HVWDGRV R SDVLRQHV GHO DOPD VREUH OD LQÁXHQFLD GH
ODVSDVLRQHV\PRGRGHHVWXGLDUODV©3RUTXHODVSDVLRQHVVRQFLHUWDPHQWHODV
FDXVDQWHVGHTXHORVKRPEUHVVHKDJDQYROXEOHV\FDPELHQHQORUHODWLYRDVXV
MXLFLRVHQFXDQWRTXHGHHOODVVHVLJXHQSHVDU\SODFHUª$VtODLUDODFDOPDHO
DPRU\HORGLRODHQHPLVWDGHOWHPRUODFRQÀDQ]DODYHUJHQ]DODGHVYHUJHQ]D
HOIDYRUODFRPSDVLyQODLQGLJQDFLyQODHQYLGLDODHPXODFLyQVRQREMHWRGHOD
GHVFULSFLyQ\HODQiOLVLVDULVWRWpOLFRTXHSRQHSRVWHULRUPHQWHHQUHODFLyQFRQOD
HGDGMXYHQWXGODYHMH]ODHGDGPDGXUD\FRQODIRUWXQDODQREOH]DODULTXH]D
HOSRGHU\ODEXHQDVXHUWHSURSRUFLRQDQGRDVtODVEDVHVGHXQ©IXQFLRQDOLVPRª
SRpWLFRRFUHDWLYRTXHHVLJXDOPHQWHYLJHQWHHQODFRPSRVLFLyQOLWHUDULD\HQOD
FRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDOKD\TXHFRPSRQHU\HVFULELUHQIXQFLyQGHORV©DIHFWRVª
RSDVLRQHVTXHTXHUHPRVPRYHU\pVWRVVRQGLVWLQWRVVHJ~QODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV
\HOS~EOLFRDOTXHVHGLULJHHOFRPSRVLWRURHORUDGRU
3RVWHULRUPHQWHWDQWR0DUFR7XOLR&LFHUyQD&HQVXV3DUWLWLRQHV
RUDWRULDHFRPR0DUFR)DELR4XLQWLOLDQRHQVX,QVWLWXWLR2UDWRULDHDSRUWDQQXH
YDVFODVLÀFDFLRQHVGHODVSDUWHVFRQVWLWX\HQWHVGHODUHWyULFDSHURSDUWLFLSDQGR
LJXDOPHQWHGHXQDH[WUDRUGLQDULDDWHQFLyQDODP~VLFD'HEHPRVD4XLQWLOLDQR
PDHVWURGHORVUHWyULFRVODWLQRVHOSULQFLSLRGHH[SUHVLyQHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQSDUD
ODGLFFLyQ\HOFDQWRTXHYDDWHQHUXQDH[WUDRUGLQDULDLQÁXHQFLDHQRFFLGHQWH
©ORVXEOLPHVHFDQWDFRQDOWDQHUtDHQODYR]\HQODHQWRQDFLyQORJR]RVRFRQ
GXO]XUDORPRGHUDGRPDQVDPHQWH\WRGRGHEHHVWDUDUWtVWLFDPHQWHDFRUGHFRQ
ORVDIHFWRVGHORTXHVHFDQWDª
,1)/8(1&,$ '( (67$6 ,'($6 (1 (/%$552&2
(VWDDPSOLDLQWURGXFFLyQQRKDWHQLGRRWUDÀQDOLGDGTXHPRVWUDUODVFRQV
WDQWHV\FRQWLQXDVUHIHUHQFLDVDODP~VLFDHQODVSULQFLSDOHVREUDVGH3ODWyQ\
$ULVWyWHOHV FX\D LQÁXHQFLD HQ OD WHRUtD OLWHUDULD HVWi VREUDGDPHQWH HVWXGLDGD
DXQTXHVLQUHVDOWDU\VXEUD\DUODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHHQODPLVPDWLHQHVXUHVSHFWLYR
SHQVDPLHQWRPXVLFDO3RUHOORPHKDSDUHFLGRQHFHVDULRUHFXSHUDUXQDPtQLPD
SDUWHGHORVWH[WRVWDQWDVYHFHVVLOHQFLDGRVTXHVRQSRURWUDSDUWHREMHWRGH
ODDWHQFLyQGHQXHVWURVFRPSRVLWRUHV\GUDPDWXUJRVMXQWRFRQORVGH&LFHUyQ\
4XLQWLOLDQR/D©WHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRVªWLHQHVXPi[LPDH[SUHVLyQGXUDQWHHOVLJOR
;9,,\FRPLHQ]RVGHO;9,,,/DRUDWRULDGHEHWRPDUGHODP~VLFDORVUHFXUVRV
,ELGHPSiJ
&LWDGRSRU,VPDHO)HUQiQGH]GHOD&XHVWD&DQWDUpFRQHOFRUD]yQ&RUGHFDQDP'LVFXUVR
GHO$FDGpPLFRHOHFWROHtGRHQHODFWRGHVXUHFHSFLyQS~EOLFDHOGtDGHMXQLRGH0DGULG5HDO
$FDGHPLDH%HOODV$UWHVGH6DQ)HUQDQGRSiJ+D\XQDHGLFLyQELOLQJHFRQWUDGXFFLyQ\
FRPHQWDULRVGH$OIRQVR2UWHJD&DUPRQD4XLQWLOLDQRGH&DODKRUUD6REUHODIRUPDFLyQGHORUDGRUGRFH
OLEURV6DODPDQFD8QLYHUVLGDG3RQWLÀFLD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
YRFDOHVTXHpVWDSRVHHSDUDPRYHUORVDIHFWRVGHORVR\HQWHV(OSURSLR4XLQ
WLOLDQRGHGLFDXQDSDUWHGHVXV,QVWLWXWLRQLV2UDWRULDHDGHVWDFDUODLPSRUWDQFLD
GHODP~VLFDSDUDFRQPRYHUDORVR\HQWHVSRUODRUDWRULD\HVSHFLDOPHQWHSRU
ODSRHVtDTXHODP~VLFDFRQYLHUWHHQFDQFLyQ1RHVPLLQWHQFLyQH[WHQGHUPHHQ
HVWDVUHODFLRQHVHLQÁXHQFLDVVREUDGDPHQWHHVWXGLDGDV\FRQRFLGDVHQWUDEDMRV
FRPRHOGH&DUPHQ55DEHOOTXHWUDWDHQWUHRWURVWHPDVGH©/DDULVWRWHOL]DFLyQ
GHORVJpQHURVGHO6LJORGH2URª
/D0~VLFDVHKDFHSXHVSDUWHLPSUHVFLQGLEOHGHOWHDWURHVSDxROGHVGHVXV
PLVPRVLQLFLRVFRQ-XDQGHOD(QFLQDDODFDEH]D7DPELpQHOSURSLR&HUYDQWHV
HQ VX FRQRFLGR ©3UyORJR DO /HFWRUª GH VXV &RPHGLDV \ (QWUHPHVHV VH UHÀHUH
DO WHDWUR GH OD pSRFD GH /RSH GH 5XHGD WDQ GLIHUHQWH DO GH OD pSRFD GH /RSH
GH9HJDHQWUHRWURVDVSHFWRVSRUODSREUH]DGHODWUDPR\D\SRUODGLIHUHQWH
SUHVHQFLDGHODP~VLFD
(ODGRUQRGHOWHDWURHUDXQDPDQWDYLHMDWLUDGDFRQGRVFRUGHOHVGH
XQDSDUWHDRWUDTXHKDFtDORTXHOODPDQYHVWXDULRGHWUiVGHODFXDO
HVWDEDQ ORV P~VLFRV FDQWDQGR VLQ JXLWDUUD DOJ~Q URPDQFH DQWLJXRª
&RQWLQ~D &HUYDQWHV DWULEX\HQGR XQ LPSRUWDQWH FDPELR D 1DYDUUR
TXH ©OHYDQWy DOJ~Q WDQWR PiV HO DGRUQR GH ODV FRPHGLDV \ PXGy HO
FRVWDO GH YHVWLGRV HQ FRIUHV \ HQ ED~OHV VDFy OD P~VLFD TXH DQWHV
FDQWDEDGHWUiVGHODPDQWDDOWHDWURS~EOLFR>«@LQYHQWyWUDPR\DV
QXEHVWUXHQRV\UHOiPSDJRVGHVDItRV\EDWDOODVSHURHVWRQROOHJy
DOVXEOLPHSXQWRHQTXHHVWiDKRUD
'RQGH DSDUHFH GH PDQHUD H[SUHVD OD LQÁXHQFLD DULVWRWpOLFD HV HQ QXHVWUR
SULPHUDXWRUGHOLEUHWRVRSHUtVWLFRVHQHOVLJOR;9,,)pOL[/RSHGH9HJDTXLHQ
HQVX$UWHQXHYRGHKDFHUFRPHGLDVFLWDGLUHFWDPHQWHDOD3RpWLFDDULVWRWpOLFD
DVXPLHQGRLPSRUWDQWHVDVSHFWRVGHODPLVPDDVtFRPRODWHRUtDGHODLPLWDFLyQ
RH[SUHVLyQGHORVDIHFWRV
<DWLHQHODFRPHGLDYHUGDGHUD
VXÀQSURSXHVWRFRPRWRGRJpQHUR
GHSRHPDRSRHVtD\pVWHKDVLGR
LPLWDUODVDFFLRQHVGHORVKRPEUHV
\SLQWDUGHDTXHOVLJORODVFRVWXPEUHV
7DPELpQFXDOTXLHULPLWDFLyQSRpWLFD
VHKDFHGHWUHVFRVDVTXHVRQSOiWLFD
YHUVRGXOFHDUPRQtDRVHDODP~VLFD
&DUPHQ55DEHOO/RSHGH9HJD(ODUWHQXHYRGHKDFHU©1RYHOODVª/RQGRQ7DPHVLV%RRNV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
TXHHQHVWRIXHFRP~QFRQODWUDJHGLD
VyORGLIHUHQFLiQGRODHQTXHWUDWD
ODVDFFLRQHVKXPLOGHV\SOHEH\DV
\ODWUDJHGLDODVUHDOHV\DOWDV
0LUDGVLKD\HQODVQXHVWUDVSRFDVIDOWDV
$FWRIXHURQOODPDGDVSRUTXHLPLWDQ
ODVYXOJDUHVDFFLRQHV\QHJRFLRV
'HVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDIRUPDOODH[SUHVLyQGHORVDIHFWRVHVWiWUDWDGDSRU
/RSHFXDQGRGDFRQVHMRVSDUDTXHHODXWRU
DFRPRGHORVYHUVRVFRQSUXGHQFLD
DORVVXMHWRVGHTXHYDWUDWDQGR
/DVGpFLPDVVRQEXHQDVSDUDTXHMDV
HOVRQHWRHVWiELHQHQORVTXHDJXDUGDQ
ODVUHODFLRQHVSLGHQORVURPDQFHV
DXQTXHHQRFWDYDVOXFHQSRUH[WUHPR
6RQORVWHUFHWRVSDUDFRVDVJUDYHV
\SDUDODVGHDPRUODVUHGRQGLOODV
/DVÀJXUDVUHWyULFDVLPSRUWDQ
FRPRUHSHWLFLyQRDQDGLSORVLV
\HQHOSULQFLSLRGHORVPLVPRVYHUVRV
DTXHOODVUHODFLRQHVGHODDQiIRUD
ODVLURQtDV\DGXELWDFLRQHV
DSyVWURIHVWDPELpQ\H[FODPDFLRQHV
1R YR\ D GHWHQHUPH HQ /RSH \ VXV UHODFLRQHV FRQ OD 3RpWLFD DULVWRWpOLFD
DVSHFWRpVWHFRPRFRPHQWDPRVDQWHULRUPHQWHDPSOLDPHQWHWUDWDGRSRU&DUPHQ
55DEHOOSDUDTXLHQ©ODSOXUDOLGDG\\X[WDSRVLFLyQGHGLVFXUVRVHVHOHOHPHQWR
PiVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHODWHRUtDOLWHUDULDHVSDxROD\ODSUiFWLFDQRYHOHVFDGH/RSH
GH9HJDª
3RU RWUD SDUWH WDPSRFR HV PL LQWHQFLyQ KDFHU XQ UHFRUULGR GHWDOODGR SRU
HOWHDWURPXVLFDOGHOVLJOR;9,,VLQRPRVWUDUKDVWDTXpSXQWRHVWiDVXPLGDOD
WHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRV\HVFDGDYH]PD\RUODDWHQFLyQDODP~VLFDFRPRHOHPHQWR
GHSULPHURUGHQ
(QHVHVHQWLGRHVRSRUWXQRUHFRUGDUTXHOD©ySHUDLQP~VLFDªIXHHOUHVXO
WDGRGHODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHORVKXPDQLVWDVÁRUHQWLQRVGHÀQHVGHOVLJOR;9,
)pOL[/RSHGH9HJD$UWHQXHYRGHKDFHU&RPHGLDVHQ5LPDV0DGULG$ORQVR0DUWtQ
UHSURGXFLGDHQ$UWHQXHYRGHKDFHUFRPHGLDV0DGULG6DQWLOODQDSiJV
,ELGHPSiJ
&DUPHQ55DEHOO/RSHGH9HJD«SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
VREUHORVWH[WRVSODWyQLFRV\DULVWRWpOLFRV\TXHODSULPHUDySHUDHVSDxRODIXHOD
pJORJDSDVWRULOGH)pOL[/RSHGH9HJDWLWXODGD/D6HOYDVLQ$PRUUHSUHVHQWDGD
HQHORWRxRGHHQODFRUWHSDUDFHOHEUDUHOUHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGH)HOLSH,9
GH XQD HQIHUPHGDG$O DxR VLJXLHQWH /RSH SXEOLFy VX /DXUHO GH
$SRORFRQRWUDVULPDVGRQGHÀJXUDOD©pJORJDSDVWRUDOFDQWDGDDQWH6X0DMHV
WDGªTXHGHGLFDDO$OPLUDQWHGH&DVWLOODTXHQRSXGRDVLVWLUSDUDTXHSXGLHVH
KDFHUVHLGHDGHOD©QRYHGDGªGHODREUDHQODTXHVHUHVDOWDTXHSDUWLFLSDURQ
LQVWUXPHQWRVTXHMXQWRFRQODYR]GHORVFDQWDQWHVH[SUHVDEDQORVDIHFWRVFRQ
WHQLGRVHQHOWH[WR
1RKDELHQGRYLVWR9(HVWDpJORJDTXHVHUHSUHVHQWyFDQWDGDDVXV
0DMHVWDGHV\$OWH]DVFRVDQXHYDHQ(VSDxDPHSDUHFLyLPSULPLUOD
SDUDTXHGHHVWDVXHUWHFRQPHQRVFXLGDGRODLPDJLQDVH9(DXQTXH
ORPHQRVTXHHQHOODKXERIXHURQPLVYHUVRV>«@/RVLQVWUXPHQWRV
RFXSDEDQ OD SULPHUD SDUWH GHO WHDWUR VLQ VHU YLVWRV D FX\D DUPRQtD
FDQWDEDQ ODV ÀJXUDV ORV YHUVRV KDFLHQGR HQ OD PLVPD FRPSRVLFLyQ
GHODP~VLFDODVDGPLUDFLRQHVODVTXHMDVORVDPRUHVODVLUDV\ORV
GHPiVDIHFWRV
/DVHOYDVLQDPRUFRQWyFRQODSXHVWDHQHVFHQDGH&RVPH/RWWLQDWXUDO\
SURFHGHQWHGH)ORUHQFLDODFXQDGHOD©ySHUDLQP~VLFDª&RVPH/RWWLJR]DED
\DHQGHJUDQSUHVWLJLRFRPRSLQWRU\PDTXLQLVWDWHDWUDOGHO*UDQ'XTXH
GH7RVFDQD HORJLDGR SRU HO PLVPtVLPR *LXOLR &DFFLQL \ IXH PDQGDGR OODPDU
GH)ORUHQFLDSRUHOPRQDUFDHVSDxROSDUDTXHDGRUQDVHODVIXHQWHV\MDUGLQHV
©DO PRGR GH ,WDOLDª$O YHQLU D (VSDxD GHELy WUDHU FRQVLJR DOJXQD SDUWH GHO
UHSHUWRULRHVFHQRJUiÀFRÁRUHQWLQRHVSHFLDOPHQWHHOUHODWLYRDPDUHV\ERVTXHV
\ORVLQVyOLWRVHIHFWRVWHDWUDOHVTXHFRQVLJXLyORVGHVFULELyHOSLQWRU\WHyULFR
9LFHQWH&DUGXFKRDOUHIHULUVHDpOGLFLHQGRTXH©XQDFRPHGLDKL]RHQ3DODFLR
GRQGHVHYHtDXQPDUFRQWDOPRYLPLHQWR\SURSLHGDGTXHORVTXHODPLUDEDQ
VDOtDQPDUHDGRVǻ
&RPRHQWDQWDVRWUDVRFDVLRQHVODP~VLFDQRVHKDORFDOL]DGRSHURUHFLHQWHV
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVKDQSHUPLWLGRLGHQWLÀFDUDORVFRPSRVLWRUHVTXHQRIXHURQRWURV
TXHHOP~VLFRGHWLRUED)LOLSSR3LFFLQLQL\HOWRVFDQR%HUQDUGR0RQDQQL/RSH
)pOL[/RSHGH9HJD/DXUHOGH$SRORFRQRWUDVULPDV
©eJORJDSDVWRUDOFDQWDGDDQWHVX0DMHVWDGªHQ/DXUHOGH$SRORFRQRWUDVULPDVDO([FPR
6HxRU'RQ-XDQ$OIRQVR(QUtTXH]GH&DEUHUD$OPLUDQWHGH&DVWLOOD3RU/RSH)pOL[GH9HJD&DUSLR>VLF@
GHO$ELWR GH 6DQ -XDQ$xR (Q 0DGULG SRU -XDQ *RQoDOH] 5HLPSUHVLyQ HQ 2EUDV GH /RSH GH
9HJDSXEOLFDGDVSRUOD5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxROD0DGULG6XFHVRUHVGH5LYDGHQHLUD9
6KLUOH\%:KLWDNHU©)ORUHQWLQH2SHUD&RPHVWR6SDLQ/RSHGH9HJD·V/D6HOYDVLQDPRUª
-RXUQDORI+LVSDQLF3KLORORJ\,;©(WSHUzLO3LFFLQLQLKDSUHVVRO·DVVXQWRGLIDUODPXVLFD
/RSHGH9HJDSRHWDIDPRVRKDIDWWROHSDUROHVSDJQXROHHWTXDQGRVHQWHFDQWDULVXRLYHUVLFRQTXHVWD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
TXHHQRWUDVSURGXFFLRQHVVX\DVFLWDEDHORJLRVDPHQWHDORVP~VLFRVHVSDxROHV
HQHVWDRFDVLyQVHROYLGDODPHQWDEOHPHQWHGHPHQFLRQDUDORVFLWDGRVDXWRUHV
TXL]iVSRUHOKHFKRGHVHULWDOLDQRV\GHDYHQWXUDUVHHQXQH[SHULPHQWRKDVWD
FLHUWRSXQWRQXHYRSDUDpOFUHDQGRXQIXQHVWRSUHFHGHQWHHQORTXHDODPHQFLyQ
GHORVDXWRUHVPXVLFDOHVVHUHÀHUH6HLVDxRVPiVWDUGHVHUHSUHVHQWyODySHUD
'DIQH SUREDEOHPHQWH GH 0DUFR GD *DJOLDQR HQ RSLQLyQ GH 5 6WHYHQVRQ
SXHVWDHQHVFHQDSRUHOLQJHQLHURÁRUHQWLQRVHJ~QODQRWLFLDSURSRUFLRQDGDSRU
ODSUHQVDGHODpSRFD©(OGHMXQLR>GH@VHUHSUHVHQWyHQHO5HWLUROD
FRPHGLDGHODIiEXOD'DIQHFRQQRWDEOHVWUDPR\DVGHJUDQGHFRVWD\DUWLÀFLR
TXHRUGHQy&RVPH/RWWLSHUHJULQRLQJHQLRSDUDHOODVª
/D RULJLQDOLGDG GH /RSH HQ VX $UWH 1XHYR GH KDFHU &RPHGLDV HVFULWR HQ
GRQGHURPSHFRQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQUHQDFHQWLVWDGHODUHJODGHODVWUHVXQL
GDGHVDWULEXLGD\QRH[LVWHQWHHQOD3RpWLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVSURSRQLHQGRXQWHDWUR
QXHYROLEUHGHWRGDSUHFHSWLYDSDUDPHMRULPLWDUODYLGDPH]FODQGRORQREOH\
ORSOHEH\RORJUDYH\ORKXPRUtVWLFRSDUHFHTXHWXYRQRSRFDLQÁXHQFLDHQHO
WHDWUR\HQODySHUDLWDOLDQDGHOVLJOR;9,,FRPRUHFLHQWHPHQWHKDREVHUYDGR
3DROR )DEEUL (IHFWLYDPHQWH HO LQWHUFDPELR HSLVWRODU HQWUH /RSH GH 9HJD \
,DFRSR&LFRJQLQLGLIXQGLyODVLGHDVGH/RSHHQ,WDOLD
$/RSHGH9HJDTXHPXHUHHOGHDJRVWRGHVXFHGHFRPROLWHUDWR
RÀFLDO3HGUR&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD\FRQpOFRQWLQ~DFRODERUDQGR
&RVPH/RWWLTXHSURSRQHFDGDYH]PiVFRPSOLFDGRVHIHFWRV/DIXQFLyQGHOD
P~VLFDHQHOWHDWURGH&DOGHUyQDXWRUSRURWUDSDUWHGHORVOLEUHWRVGHODVySHUDV
/D3~USXUDGHOD5RVD\&HORVD~QGHODLUHPDWDQKDVLGRREMHWR
GH HVSOpQGLGRV HVWXGLRV \ UHFLHQWHV HGLFLRQHV TXH FRQÀUPDQ HO KXPDQLVPR \
HO FRQRFLPLHQWR GHO SHQVDPLHQWR JULHJR \ GH OD UHWyULFD ODWLQD HQ WRUQR D OD
P~VLFDSRUSDUWHGHQXHVWURJUDQGUDPDWXUJR3RUVXSDUWH5REHUW6WHYHQVRQ
VRUWH GL PXVLFD VH QH YD LQ GROFH]]D (W SHUFKq LO 3LFLQLQL QRQ VH VD VWUDRUGLQDULDPHQWH LO 6HJUHWDULR
0RQQDQLO·KDDLXWDWRHWIDWWRGXHVFHQHFKHVRQROHSLXOXQJKHHWVDUDQQROHPHJOLRHWGRQDWHJOLHQH
SHUFKqIDFHLDKRQRUHDVqHWDOOD3DWULDFRPHIDª&DUWDGHOHPEDMDGRUÁRUHQWLQRHQ0DGULG$YHUDUGR
GH0HGLFLIHFKDGDHQ0DGULGHOGHMXOLRGH&LWDGRHQ/RXLVH.6WHLQ6RQJVRI0RUWDOV'LD
ORJXHVRIWKH*RGV0XVLFDQG7KHDWUHLQ6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\6SDLQ2[IRUG&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV
SiJ
5HODFLyQ GH OR PiV SDUWLFXODU VXFHGLGR HQ (VSDxD ,WDOLD )UDQFLD )ODQGHV$OHPDQLD \ HQ
RWUDVSDUWHVGHVGHDEULOGHODxRSDVDGRGHKDVWDÀQGHIHEUHURGHFLWSRU5REHUW6WHYHQ
VRQ©(VSHFWiFXORVPXVLFDOHV«ªHQ/D3~USXUDGHOD5RVD0~VLFDGH7RPiVGH7RUUHMyQ\9HODVFR
WH[WRGH3HGUR&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD(VWXGLRSUHOLPLQDU\WUDQVFULSFLyQGHODP~VLFD«/LPD,QVWLWXWR
1DFLRQDOGH&XOWXUD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOWRPR,SiJ
,ELGHP
'HVGHOD\DFOiVLFDREUDGH0LJXHO4XHURO/DP~VLFDHQHOWHDWURGH&DOGHUyQ%DUFHORQD
'LSXWDFLy ,QVWLWXW GHO7HDWUH KDVWD ODV UHFLHQWHV HGLFLRQHV GH . / 6WHLQ 7RPiV GH 7RUUHMyQ \
9HODVFR\-XDQ+LGDOJR>\&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD@/D3~USXUDGHOD5RVD\ODGH)UDQFHVF%RQDVWUH
-XDQ+LGDOJR\&DOGHUyQGHOD%DUFD&HORVD~QGHODLUHPDWDQDPEDVHGLWDGDVHQ0DGULGSRUHO,QVWLWXR
&RPSOXWHQVHGH&LHQFLDV0XVLFDOHVSDVDQGRSRUODPRQRJUDItDGH./6WHLQRSFLW
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
GHVSXpVGHUHIHULUVHDORVSRHWDVDXWRUHVGHORVOLEUHWRVGHODVSULPHUDVySHUDV
LWDOLDQDV2WWDYLR5LQXFFLQL6WULJJLR*LRYDQQL)DXVWLQL1LFROR0LQDWRIUDQ
FHVDV3LHUUH3HUULQHLQJOHVDV1DKXP7DWHFRQFOX\HTXH©(QFRQWUDVWHFRQ
HVDVPHGLRFULGDGHVOLWHUDULDVRPHQRVTXHWDOHVORVGRVDVWURVPiVOXPLQRVRV
GHO WHDWUR HVSDxRO HQ VX HGDG GH RUR >/RSH GH9HJD \ &DOGHUyQ GH OD %DUFD@
HVFULELHURQORVOLEUHWRVGHODVSULPHUDVySHUDVKLVSDQDVª
(QHVWHFRQWH[WRKD\TXHUHFRUGDUODLPSRUWDQFLD\ODLQÁXHQFLDTXHHMHUFHQ
WDQWRHQODOLWHUDWXUDFRPRHQODP~VLFD\HQODVDUWHVSOiVWLFDVODV0HWDPRUIRVLV
GH2YLGLRTXHVHGLIXQGHQHQYDULDVLPSRUWDQWHVWUDGXFFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVHQODV
~OWLPDVGpFDGDVGHOVLJOR;9,FRQYLUWLpQGRVHHQXQDEXHQDIXHQWHGHLQVSLUDFLyQ
SDUDODVIiEXODVWHDWUDOHVySHUDV\]DU]XHODVEDUURFDVFRQWRGDVVXVLQÁXHQFLDV
HQHOPXQGRGHODVDUWHVSOiVWLFDV3HGUR6iQFKH]GH9LDQDHQVXWUDGXFFLyQGH
HVFULEHHQHOSUyORJRTXHODV)iEXODVRFXOWDQXQDDQWLTXtVLPDVDELGXUtD
©3RUTXHQRPXFKRVDxRVDQWHVGH3ODWyQ\$ULVWyWHOHV\ORVGHPiVÀOyVRIRVVXV
FRQWHPSRUiQHRVVHHQVHxDEDQORVSUHFHSWRVÀORVyÀFRVHQFXELHUWRV\GLVIUD]DGRV
GHEDMRGHKLVWRULDV\IiEXODVHVFULWDVSRUODPD\RUSDUWHHQYHUVRVKHURLFRVSRU
PXFKDV UD]RQHV /R SULPHUR SRUTXH MXQWDPHQWH MX]JDURQ VHU FRVD RGLRVD \
DERUUHFLEOHDQDWXUDOH]D\GLYLQLGDGPDQLIHVWDUVXVH[FHOHQWHVVHFUHWRVDFXDO
TXLHU KRPEUH 3XHV GHFLU FODUDPHQWH YHUGDGHV DSXUDGDV D ORV TXH QR OR HVWiQ
SDUDRtUODVHVGDURFDVLyQTXHHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHORVWDOHVVHFRUURPSDQODV
FLHQFLDVFRPRVXHOHHOSUHFLRVRYLQRHQPDOODYDGDYDVLMDGHGRQGHVHVLJXHOD
GHVWUXFFLyQXQLYHUVDOGHODVGRFWULQDV\FDGDKRUDVHYDKDFLHQGRPiVSHUMXGL
FLDOHVWHGDxRDQGDQGRHOODVGHXQLQJHQLRUXGRHQRWURPiV<DQVtGLFH6DQWR
7RPiVTXHODVFRVDVGLYLQDVQRVHGHEHQUHYHODUDORVKRPEUHVVLQRFRQIRUPH
DVXFDSDFLGDGSRUTXHQRPHQRVSUHFLHQORTXHQRHQWLHQGHQª
/$ 5(&(3&,Ð1 '( /$ 5(7Ð5,&$ 086,&$/ '($7$1$6,86.,5&+(5
6LELHQODVLGHDVSODWyQLFDVDULVWRWpOLFDV\GH4XLQWLOLDQRVRQGLIXQGLGDVGHVGH
OD (GDG 0HGLD \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH GHVGH HO 5HQDFLPLHQWR HQ HO iPELWR PXVLFDO
HMHUFLy XQD QRWDEOH LQÁXHQFLD HQ OD FRGLÀFDFLyQ GH QRUPDV \ SURFHGLPLHQWRV
UHWyULFRVDVtFRPRHQODFRQVLJXLHQWHFODVLÀFDFLyQIXQFLRQDOGHORVHVWLORVPX
VLFDOHVVLJXLHQGRHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHODUHWyULFDHOMHVXLWDDOHPiQ$WDQDVLXV
.LUFKHUHQVXIDPRVD0XVXUJXLD8QLYHUVDOLV5RPDREUDHQODTXHVH
HQFXHQWUDQORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHOHPSOHRPHWyGLFRGHÀJXUDVUHWyULFDVVLJXLHQGR
ORVSUHFHSWRVGHOD©WHRUtDGHORVDIHFWRVª.LUFKHUKDFHXQDVLVWHPDWL]DFLyQ\
FRGLÀFDFLyQ GH ORV UHFXUVRV UHWyULFRV XWLOL]DGRV SRU ORV FRPSRVLWRUHV HVWDEOH
5REHUW6WHYHQVRQ/D3~USXUDGHOD5RVDWRPR,SiJ
2YLGLR /DV 0HWDPRUIRVLV WUDGXFFLyQ GH 3HGUR 6iQFKH] GH 9LDQD (GLFLyQ LQWURGXFFLyQ \
QRWDVGH-XDQ)UDQFLVFR$OFLQD%DUFHORQD3ODQHWDSiJV;;9,,;;9,,,,
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
FLHQGRTXHODPDHVWUtDGHXQFRPSRVLWRUFRQVLVWHHQVDEHUXWLOL]DUFRUUHFWDPHQWH
ODV GLIHUHQWHV ÀJXUDV SURSLDV GH OD 5HWyULFD VHJ~Q OD HORFXWLR GH 4XLQWLOLDQR
FRQVLJXLHQGRDVtPRYHUDODXGLWRULR©/DPHQWHSRVHHXQFLHUWRFDUiFWHUGHSHQ
GLHQWH GHO WHPSHUDPHQWR LQQDWR HQ HO LQGLYLGXR \ DWHQGLHQGR D HVWH FDUiFWHU
HVTXHHOP~VLFRSUHÀHUHXQWLSRGHFRPSRVLFLyQPiVELHQTXHRWUR3XHVHQ
YHUGDGODYDULHGDGHQODFRPSRVLFLyQHVWDQQXPHURVDFRPRODGLYHUVLGDGGH
WHPSHUDPHQWRVTXHYLYHQHQORVLQGLYLGXRVª
(QRWURPRPHQWRGHVXH[WHQVDREUDHVFULEHTXH©ODJHQWHPHODQFyOLFDJXVWD
GHODDUPRQtDJUDYHGHQVD\WULVWHORVVDQJXtQHRVSUHÀHUHQHOHVWLORK\SRUFKH
PiWLFR >P~VLFD GH GDQ]D@ SRUTXH DJLWD OD VDQJUH ORV FROpULFRV SODFHQ GH ODV
DUPRQtDV DJLWDGDV D FDXVD GH OD YHKHPHQFLD GH VX YHVtFXOD ELOLDU LQÁDPDGD
ORVKRPEUHVFRQSURSHQVLRQHVPDUFLDOHVHVWiQSRUODVWURPSHWDV\ORVWDPERUHV
\UHFKD]DQWRGDP~VLFDGHOLFDGD\SXUDORVÁHPiWLFRVSURSHQGHQDODVYRFHV
IHPHQLQDV SRUTXH OD YR] GHO UHJLVWUR DOWR SURGXFH XQ HIHFWR SODFHQWHUR HQ HO
KXPRUÁHPiWLFRª
&ULVWLQD %RUGiV \ /XLV 5REOHGR KDQ ORFDOL]DGR XQD SULPHUD LQÁXHQFLD GH
$WDQDVLXV.LUFKHUHQORVQRYDWRUHVYDOHQFLDQRVHQFRQFUHWRHQ-RVHS=DUDJR]i
TXLHQHQXQDFDUWDIHFKDGDHQGLULJLGDDOPLVPR.LUFKHUPDQLÀHVWDKDEHU
HVWXGLDGROD0XVXUJXLD8QLYHUVDOLV'HHOORVHKL]RHFRVXGLVFtSXOR7RPiV9L
FHQWH7RVFDDTXLHQVHDWULEX\HXQDREUDPDQXVFULWDHLQFRPSOHWD
\ TXH QR SXGH ORFDOL]DU WLWXODGD 2USKHL /\UD WXP WKHRULFDP WXP SUDFWLFDP
0XVLFDPXQLYHUVDPTXHVRQRUXPYDULHWDWHPVXDYLWHUH[KLEHQV4XDQRQPRGR
V\OYDVVXRFDQWXDWUDKLWVHGFROLWQRQVROXPGLIÀFXOWDWXPVD[DPRYHWVHGWRO
OLW TXLGTXLG 3DWHU .LUNHULXV LQ VXD XQLYHUVDOL 0XVXUJXLD ORQJH FHFLQLW KDHF
GXOFLEUHYLWDWHFRQFLQLW
(Q VX 7UDWDGR GH OD 0~VLFD HVSHFXODWLYD \ SUiFWLFD SXEOLFDGR HQ DSHQDVKDFHUHIHUHQFLDVD.LUFKHUDXQTXHVtDORVDIHFWRVWUDWDQGRGHH[SOLFDU
VX IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GLFLHQGR TXH ©QR KD\ GXGD HQ TXH GHO PRYLPLHQWR GH ODV
ÀEUDVVXWLOtVLPDVGHTXHVHFRPSRQHHOFHUHEURUHVXOWDQGLIHUHQWHVPRYLPLHQWRV
HQORVHVStULWXVDQLPDOHV\GHpVWRVGLIHUHQWHVSDVLRQHV\DIHFFLRQHVGHOiQL
PR>«@7DxHQGRRFDQWDQGRXQWRQRVHPXHYHQODVÀEUDVGHOFHUHEURFRQXQ
WHPEORUPHQXGtVLPRTXHVHOHVFRPXQLFDSRUHOyUJDQRGHORtGR\DTXHOODVVH
PXHYHQPiVVHQVLEOHPHQWHTXHSRUVXWHQVLyQ\GLVSRVLFLyQHVWiQPiVDMXVWDGDV
DOWRQRTXHVHR\HFRQTXHVXWRQRPXHYHFRQHVSHFLDOLGDGXQDV\RWURRWUDV
HO TXH PXHYH ODV ÀEUDV GH FX\R PRYLPLHQWR SHQGH HO GH ORV HVStULWXV TXH
$WDQDVLXV.LUFKHU0XVXUJXLDXQLYHUVDOLV5RPD3DUV,,&DS9SiJ
,ELGHPSiJ
&ULVWLQD%RUGiV/XLV5REOHGR©(ODUFyQGH-RVp=DUDJR]iFLHQFLD\P~VLFDHQOD(VSDxDGH
&DUORV,,ª1DVVDUUH5HYLVWDDUDJRQHVDGH0XVLFRORJtD;9SiJ)UDQFLVFR-RVp/HyQ
7HOOR/DWHRUtDHVSDxRODGHODP~VLFDHQORVVLJORV;9,,\;9,,,0DGULG&6,&SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
FDXVDQDOHJUtDDOHJUDQHOTXHH[FLWDHOPRYLPLHQWRGHODVÀEUDVTXHPXHYHQ
ORVHVStULWXVWULVWHV\PHODQFyOLFRVFDXVDQWULVWH]Dª
0LHQWUDVQRVHORFDOLFHHOWUDWDGRHQTXHH[SUHVDPHQWHVHUHÀHUHD.LUFKHU
ODVSULPHUDVDOXVLRQHVLPSUHVDVDODREUDGHOMHVXLWDDOHPiQVHHQFXHQWUDQHQHO
0HPRULDOVREUHOD0~VLFDGHORV7HPSORVRS~VFXORVLQOXJDUQLDxRFD
GHOTXHHVDXWRU3HGUR3DULV\5R\RP~VLFRGHOD5HDO&DSLOOD
+DVWD DKRUD FUHR TXH HV OD SULPHUD IXHQWH LPSUHVD HQ TXH VH LQWURGXFH OD
FODVLÀFDFLyQGHORVHVWLORVPXVLFDOHVGH.LUFKHU8QRVDxRVPiVWDUGHHQ
QRV HQFRQWUDPRV FRQ OD UHIHUHQFLD PiV DPSOLD D OD WHRUtD GH ORV DIHFWRV \ OD
FRQVLJXLHQWH FODVLÀFDFLyQ GH ORV HVWLORV HQ OD REUD GH RWUR MHVXLWD LJXDOPHQWH
FDWHGUiWLFR GH 0DWHPiWLFDV HO SDGUH PDHVWUR 3HGUR GH 8OORD HQ VX 0~VLFD
8QLYHUVDOR3ULQFLSLRV8QLYHUVDOHVGHOD0~VLFD$OWUDWDUVHGHOWH[WRLPSUHVR
PiV H[SOtFLWR KDVWD DKRUD ORFDOL]DGR HQ OD KLVWRULRJUDItD PXVLFDO HVSDxROD OR
LQFOX\RFRPRDSpQGLFHODSDUWHHQTXHVHUHÀHUHDOWHPDGHORVDIHFWRV\GHOD
5HWyULFD \ DOOt UHPLWR DO OHFWRU &RQ SRVWHULRULGDG D HVWRV WUDWDGRV VH SXHGHQ
HQFRQWUDUDPSOLDVUHIHUHQFLDVHQODREUDGH)UD\3DEOR1DVVDUUH(VFXHOD0~VLFD
VHJ~QODSUiFWLFDPRGHUQDTXHHV\DGH\DXQTXHKD\TXHHVSHUDU
DOPDQXVFULWRGH)UDQFLVFR9DOOV0DSD$UPyQLFR8QLYHUVDOIHFKDGRHQ
SDUDHQFRQWUDUGHQXHYRUHIHUHQFLDVWDUGtDVDODFODVLÀFDFLyQGHORVHVWLORVGH
.LUFKHUSHURWRPDGDGH3HGUR3DULV\5R\R(QORV$SpQGLFHVTXHGDUHVXPLGD
HVWDUHFHSFLyQGHODREUDGH$WDQDVLXV.LUFKHUHQ(VSDxD
),62120Ì$ < (;35(6,Ð1 '( /$6 3$6,21(6 +80$1$6 (1 /$ 3,1785$
&XULRVDPHQWHXQRVGHORVDVSHFWRVPHQRVDERUGDGRVHQODKLVWRULDGHODVDUWHV
SOiVWLFDVHVSUHFLVDPHQWHHOGHORVDIHFWRVVLHQGRDVtTXHpVWRVVHPDQLÀHVWDQD
WUDYpVGHODFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHH[SUHVLyQIDFLDO\FRUSRUDO1RFDEHGXGDGHTXH
ORVSLQWRUHV\HVFXOWRUHVEDUURFRVQRKD\PiVTXHPLUDUVXVREUDVWHQtDQHV
SHFLDOPHQWHHQFXHQWDWRGRHOSHQVDPLHQWRDUWtVWLFRUHIHUHQWHDORVDIHFWRV6LQ
HPEDUJRHQRSLQLyQGH$QWRQLR%RQHW&RUUHDQRHVVLQRKDVWDODDSDULFLyQGHO
0pWRGRVXFLQWR\FRPSHQGLRVRGH)UD\0DWK\DVGH<UDODIHFKDGRHQ
)UDQFLVFR-RVp/HyQ7HOOR©7RPiV9LFHQWH7RVFDªHQ/DWHRUtDHVSDxRODGHODP~VLFDHQORV
VLJORV;9,,\;9,,,0DGULG&6,&SiJV\
3XEOLFDGRSRU&DUPHOR&DEDOOHUR)HUQiQGH]5XIHWH©'RV0HPRULDOHVVREUHOD0~VLFDGHORV
7HPSORVª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFRORJtDYRO;9QžSiJV
0pWRGR VXFLQWR L FRPSHQGLRVR GH FLQFR VLPHWUtDV DSURSLDGDV D ODV FLQFR yUGHQHV GH$UTXL
WHFWXUDDGRUQDGDFRQRWUDVUHJODV~WLOHV'HGtFDODVDO6HUPR63UtQFLSHGH$VWXULDV')HUQDQGR1
6TXH'LRVSURVSHUH)0DWKtDVGH<UDOD5HOLJLRVRGHO2UGHQGHORV0tQLPRVGH136)UDQFLVFR
GH3DXOD3URIHVRUGHODV1REOHV\/LEHUDOHV$UWHVGHO'LEXMR1DWXUDOGH0DGULG$xRGH(GGH
$QWRQLR%RQHW&RUUHDDXWRUGHXQSULPHUWRPRWLWXODGR9LGD\REUDGHIUD\0DWtDVGH,UDODJUDEDGRU
\WUDWDGLVWDGHOVLJOR;9,,,HVSDxRO0DGULGHGLFLRQHV7XUQHUYROV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
FXDQGRVHSURGXFHXQDJUDQQRYHGDGUHVSHFWRDODELEOLRJUDItDHVSDxRODVREUH
HVWH WHPD 2EVHUYD$QWRQLR %RQHW &RUUHD TXH IDOWD WRGDYtD XQ EXHQ HVWXGLR
VREUHÀVLRQyPLFDHQ(VSDxD\FLWDORVEUHYHVFRPHQWDULRVGH0DUtD-9LJXHUDDO
WRPRGHOD%LEOLRWHFDGH9LVLRQDULRGH+HWHURGR[RV\0DUJLQDGRVGHOD(GLWRUD
1DFLRQDO,QE$UDEL$O5D]L'RVFDUWLOODVGHÀVRJQyPLFD0DGULGGRQGH
HQXQDQRWDVHxDODODWUDGXFFLyQGH$QGUpV/DJXQDGHODOODPDGD)LVRQyJPLFD
GH$ULVWyWHOHV7DPELpQDOXGHD9LFHQWH&DUGXFKRTXLHQGHGLFDHOGLiORJR9,,,
GH VXV 'LiORJRV GH OD SLQWXUD VX GHIHQVD RULJHQ HVHQFLD GHÀQLFLyQ PRGRV
\GLIHUHQFLDV0DGULGDORV©3ULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVSDUDHOXVRGHODÀVR
QRPtD\VLPHWUtDªDOTXHVHJXLUtD$QWRQLR3DORPLQRGH&DVWUR\9HODVFRFRQ
HOFDStWXORGHGLFDGRDOD©,QWHOLJHQFLDTXHGHEHWHQHUHOSLQWRUGHODÀVRQRPtD
SDUDVXEOLPDUODSHUIHFFLyQGHVXVREUDVªHQVXFRQRFLGR(O0XVHR3LFWyULFR\
(VFDOD2SWLFDSXEOLFDGRHQ0DGULGHQGRVWRPRVHQ\
$OOt HVFULEH$QWRQLR 3DORPLQR TXH ©(V SULQFLSLR FRQVWDQWH HQ OD ÀORVRItD
QDWXUDOTXHODFRQVWLWXFLyQGHOFXHUSRKXPDQR\ODÀJXUDFLyQGHOVHPEODQWHVRQ
XQRVtQGLFHVLQIDOLEOHVGHODVSDVLRQHVHLQFOLQDFLRQHVGHOKRPEUHSXHVDXQTXH
VLHPSUHWLHQHGRPLQDQWHHOLPSHULRGHODUD]yQQRSRUHVRFDUHFHGHDTXHOOD
QDWXUDOSURSHQVLyQTXHLQFOLQD\DTXHQRYLROHQWHVXJHQLRª
6LJXLHQGRD$ULVWyWHOHV3DORPLQRLQGLFDTXHODVSDVLRQHVVHH[SUHVDQFRQ
HOURVWURSHURWDPELpQFRQHOUHVWRGHOFXHUSR
'LVFXUULHQGRSXHVVHJ~QHO)LOyVRIR\RWURVDXWRUHVVREUHODPD
WHULDSURSXHVWD\H[FOX\HQGRDTXHOODVFRVDVTXHVRQLQYLVLEOHVFRPR
ODYR]HOWDFWRHWFTXHORTXHQRHVYLVLEOHQRSXHGHVHUÀJXUDEOH
KDUHPRVXQEUHYHUHVXPHQGHDTXHOODVÀVRQRPtDV\RWURVLQGLFDQWHV
TXHPiVFRP~QPHQWHVHRIUHFHQHQODSLQWXUD(QTXHHVGHDGYHUWLU
TXHDXQTXHHVWRGHODÀVRQRPtDSULQFLSDOPHQWHVHHQWLHQGDGHOURVWUR
FRPRDQiORJRPiVSULQFLSDOVHHQWLHQGHWDPELpQVHFXQGDULDPHQWHGH
$QWRQLR%RQHW&RUUHDRSFLWSiJQ
$QWRQLR3DORPLQRGH&DVWUR\9HODVFR(O0XVHRSLFWyULFR\(VFDODÐSWLFD7RPR,7KHyULFDGH
OD3LQWXUDHQTXHVHGHVFULEHVXRULJHQHVHQFLDHVSHFLHV\FXDOLGDGHVFRQWRGRVORVGHPiVDFFLGHQWHV
TXHODHQULTXHFHQHLOXVWUDQ\VHSUXHEDQFRQGHPRVWUDFLRQHVPDWKHPiWLFDV\ÀORVyÀFDVVXVPiVUDGLFDOHV
IXQGDPHQWRV(Q0DGULG3RU/XFDV$QWRQLRGH%HGPDU,PSUHVVRUGHO5H\QRDxR(O0XVHR
SLFWyULFR\(VFDODÐSWLFD7RPR6HJXQGR3UiFWLFDGHOD3LQWXUDHQTXHVHWUDWDGHHOPRGRGHSLQWDU
jHO2OLR7HPSOH\)UHVFRFRQODUHVROXFLyQGHWRGDVODVGXGDVTXHHQVXPDQLSXODFLyQSXHGHQRFXUULU
<GHODSHUVSHFWLYDFRP~QODGH7HFKRV$QJXORV7HDWURV\0RQXPHQWRVGH3HUVSHFWLYD\RWUDVFRVDV
PX\HVSHFLDOHVFRQODGLUHFFLyQ\GRFXPHQWRVSDUDODVLGHDVRDVXQWRVGHODVREUDVGHTXHVHSRQHQ
DOJXQRVH[HPSODUHV(Q0DGULG3RUODYLXGDGH-XDQ*DUFtD,QIDQoRQ$xRGH(GLFLyQGHORVGRV
WRPRVFRQSUyORJRGH-XDQ$&HiQ%HUP~GH]0DGULG$JXLODUSiJGHHVWDHGLFLyQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
WRGDVODVGHPiVSDUWHVGHOFXHUSRFX\DRUJDQL]DFLyQGHSHQGHGHODV
LQWHULRUHVSDVLRQHV\SURSHQVLRQHVGHOiQLPRHQODSDUWHVHQVLWLYD
$ FRQWLQXDFLyQ GD SUHFLVDV LQVWUXFFLRQHV GH FyPR UHSUHVHQWDU DO KRPEUH
IXHUWH\UREXVWRDOWtPLGRDOLQJHQLRVR\SUXGHQWHDOLQVHQVDWR\VLPSOHDOVLQ
YHUJHQ]DDOPRGHVWRDODQLPRVRDOFREDUGHDODYDURDOLUDFXQGRDOPDQVXHWR
DO SXVLOiQLPH DO LQMXULRVR DO SLDGRVR \ DO OXMXULRVR UHFRPHQGDQGR TXH ©SRU
HVWDVPLVPDVLQGLFDFLRQHVSRGUiHOGLVFUHWR\HUXGLWRSLQWRUH[SUHVDUWDPELpQ
ODVSHUWXUEDFLRQHVGHO iQLPRHQ DTXHOORVDFFLGHQWHVTXH LQPXWDQV~ELWDPHQWH
HOVHPEODQWHSRUTXHGLIHUHQWHFRVDHVVHUKDELWXDORQDWXUDOPHQWHLUDFXQGRR
HVWDUDFWXDOPHQWHDLUDGRFRQHOVHPEODQWHGHVFRORULGR\SiYLGRª,QFOX\RHQ
$SpQGLFHWRGRHOSiUUDIRžGHHVWHFDStWXOR
$QWRQLR %RQHW UHFXHUGD OD LQÁXHQFLD TXH GHELy HMHUFHU OD SXEOLFDFLyQ HQ
GH/DVSDVLRQHVGHODOPDGH'HVFDUWHV\HVSHFLDOPHQWHODFRGLÀFDFLyQ
GHODVSDVLRQHVUHDOL]DGDSRUHODFDGpPLFRIUDQFpV&KDUOHVOH%UXQ
TXLHQVLJXLHQGRD*%GHOOD3RUWDHQVX'HKXPDQDSK\VLRJQRPLD©DERUGy
VLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHHOHVWXGLRGHODVSDVLRQHVSDVDMHUDVTXHSHUWXUEDQHOiQLPR
OD DWHQFLyQ OD DGPLUDFLyQ OD YHQHUDFLyQ HO GHVHR HO GHVSUHFLR HO GRORU OD
DOHJUtDODLUDHORGLRHOHVSDQWRHOKRUURUHWF6XQRYHGDG\DFLHUWRIXHPX\
JUDQGH\DSDUWLUGHVXSXEOLFDFLyQXQWH[WR\HVTXHPDHVHQFLDOSDUDODHGXFDFLyQ
DFDGpPLFDGHORVDUWLVWDVª
(V)UD\0DWtDVGH,UDODHQVX0pWRGR6XFLQWRLFRPSHQGLRVRGHODVFLQFR
VLPHWUtDV SXEOLFDGR HQ 0DGULG HQ DXWRU HGLWDGR SRU$QWRQLR %RQHW HO
SULPHUR HQ GDU HQ (VSDxD ORV GLDJUDPDV GH /H %UXQ TXH KDEtD FRGLÀFDGR
IRUPDOPHQWH/DPHWKRGHSRXUDSSUHQGUHjGHVVLQHUOHVSDVVLRQV\FX\DVFRQ
IHUHQFLDVLPSDUWLGDVHQOD$FDGHPLDIUDQFHVDVREUHODH[SUHVLyQHQJHQHUDOODV
H[SUHVLRQHVGHODVSDVLRQHVODÀVRQRPtD\HOGLEXMRIXHURQSXEOLFDGDVGHVSXpV
GHVXPXHUWHHQGRVHGLFLRQHVXQDGH(3LFDUGHQ3DUtV\RWUDGH-GH/RUPH
HQ$PVWHUGDPDPEDVHQ
&RQWLQ~DLQGLFDQGR$QWRQLR%RQHWTXH,UDODLQVHUWDHQVXWUDWDGR©ODH[SUHVLyQ
GHDIHFWRVªGHIRUPDHPEOHPiWLFDFRQÀJXUDVDOHJyULFDVFRQVXVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
DWULEXWRV FROpULFRIXHJR VDQJXtQHRDLUH ÁHPiWLFRDJXD PHODQFyOLFRWLHUUD
(QRWUDVOiPLQDVYpDQVHUHSUHVHQWyODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHODVSDVLRQHVGHODOPD
VLHQGR RULJLQDO GH ,UDOD HO LQFOXLU HQ XQD VROD OiPLQD ORV GLVWLQWRV URVWURV TXH
/H%UXQGDSRUVHSDUDGR
$QWRQLR3DORPLQRRSFLWSiJ
$QWRQLR3DORPLQRRSFLWSiJ
+D\HGLFLyQHVSDxROD'HVFDUWHV/DVSDVLRQHVGHODOPD%DUFHORQD3HQtQVXOD
$QWRQLR %RQHW &RUUHD 9LGD \ REUD GH IUD\ 0DWtDV GH ,UDOD JUDEDGRU \ WUDWDGLVWD GHO VLJOR
;9,,,HVSDxRO0DGULGHGLFLRQHV7XUQHUSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
(QHOVLJOR;9,,,HOWHPDGHODVSDVLRQHVVHJXLUiVLHQGRREMHWRGHDWHQFLyQ
HQWUH RWURV SRU HO 3 )HLMRR TXH LQFOX\y YDULRV DUWtFXORV HQ VX 7HDWUR &UtWLFR
8QLYHUVDOHQHVSHFLDOHOWLWXODGR©1XHYRDUWHÀVLRJQyPLFRª3DUD$QWRQLR%RQHW
©VLHQHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHODVSURSRUFLRQHVGHOFXHUSRKXPDQR,UDODHUDD~QFRQVHU
YDGRUHQHOFDStWXORGHODÀVRQRPtD\H[SUHVLyQGHODVSDVLRQHVHUDXQDXWpQWLFR
LQQRYDGRUDOWDQWRGHODV~OWLPDVWHQGHQFLDVFLHQWtÀFDV\DUWtVWLFDVª
&21&/86,21(6
(QHVWHUiSLGRH[FXUVRVREUHXQWHPDWDQVLJQLÀFDWLYRGHO%DUURFRFRPRHV
HOGHOD7HRUtDGHORV$IHFWRVGHEHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHHVpVWHXQRGHODVSULQFL
SDOHV DVSHFWRV D YHFHV QR VXÀFLHQWHPHQWH DERUGDGRV TXH PHMRU H[SOLFDQ ODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HVWpWLFDV GHO FLWDGR SHULRGR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ OD P~VLFD HQ OD
OLWHUDWXUD\WDPELpQHQODSLQWXUD\HQODHVFXOWXUDUD]yQSRUODFXDOVHFRQYLHUWH
HQ XQD YtD GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ DFHUFDPLHQWR DO SHULRGR TXH SHUPLWH HQFXDGUDU
WRGDV VXV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV D SDUWLU GH HVWH GHQRPLQDGRU FRP~Q H LQWHJUDGRU
GHODVDUWHVGHXQDpSRFDTXHQRHVVLQRHOSXQWRFXOPLQDQWHGHOSHQVDPLHQWR
JUHFRUURPDQR (V HQ HO WHDWUR PXVLFDO GRQGH FRQYHUJHQ WRGDV ODV GLVFLSOLQDV
OLWHUDWXUDP~VLFDDUWHVSOiVWLFDVDVtFRPRHQHOiPELWRGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\
ODHVFHQRJUDItDWHDWUDOHVOODPDGDVWRGDVDHOODVD©FRQVSLUDUDXQPLVPRÀQª
3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDOD0~VLFDODSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODLPLWDFLyQ\H[SUHVLyQ
GHORVDIHFWRVDGTXLHUHXQDVFRQQRWDFLRQHVUHWyULFDVTXHSURGXFHQWRGRXQFy
GLJRGHIyUPXODVPXVLFDOHVLQLFLDGRHQ.LUFKHUTXHQRSDUHFHKDEHUVHDVXPLGR
HQQXHVWURSDtVDOPHQRVHQODVIXHQWHVHVFULWDVKDVWDORVFRPLHQ]RVGHOVLJOR
;9,,,DXQTXHHVSRVLEOHTXHORVFRPSRVLWRUHVHVSDxROHVHVWXYLHVHQDSOLFDQGR
HVWRV SURFHGLPLHQWRV HQ VXV REUDV DVSHFWR pVWH TXH QR VHUi SRVLEOH FRQFOXLU
PLHQWUDV WDQWR QR VH DQDOLFH XQ VXÀFLHQWH Q~PHUR GH FRPSRVLFLRQHV GHVGH
HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD /D KLSyWHVLV GH 1HXEDXHU GH TXH ODV WHRUtDV GH ODV SDVLRQHV
HQODP~VLFDWLHQHQGRVIDVHVXQDHQHOVLJOR;9,,HQHOTXHFRH[LVWHQFRQHO
SLWDJRULVPRPLHQWUDVTXHHQODVHJXQGD©IXHURQFDSDFHVGHFRRSWDUQRFLRQHV
GHLPLWDFLyQGHOUDFLRQDOLVPRHOHPSLULVPR\HOURFRFy\VHDSUR[LPDURQDOD
UHWyULFDª\DGXUDQWHHOVLJOR;9,,,SDUHFHEDVWDQWHSUREDEOHHQHOFDVRHVSDxRO
WRGDYtDIDOWRGHODVQHFHVDULDVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV\DQiOLVLV(QHOVLJOR;9,,KD\
HIHFWLYDPHQWHXQDFRH[LVWHQFLDHQWUHODWHRUtDGHORVWHPSHUDPHQWRV\ODWHRUtD
GHODVSDVLRQHVFRPRVHFRPSUXHEDLJXDOPHQWHHQHOFDVRGH)UD\0DWtDVGH
,UDODYHUJUDEDGRV
,ELGSiJ
$XQTXHQRVHUHÀHUHHQQLQJ~QPRPHQWRD(VSDxDVHRFXSDGHHVWHWHPDHOWUDEDMRGH+-DPHV
-HQVHQ7KH0XVHV&RQFRUG/LWHUDWXUH0XVLFDQGWKH9LVXDO$UWVLQWKH%DURTXH$JH%ORRPLQJWRQ
,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
-RKQ1HXEDXHURSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
3RU RWUD SDUWH ORV FRQFHSWRV GH DIHFWR SDVLyQ VHQWLPLHQWR \ HPRFLyQ VRQ
GHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDÀORVyÀFRSUiFWLFDPHQWHVLQyQLPRVSRURSRVLFLyQDUD]yQ
ORTXHYLHQHDIDFLOLWDUHQRUPHPHQWHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHORVPLVPRVDOQRWHQHU
TXHIRU]DUGLIHUHQFLDFLRQHVTXHDYHFHVODKDQFRPSOLFDGRHQGHPDVtD
)HOLFLWRGHQXHYRGHVGHDTXtDORVSURPRWRUHVGHHVWD(GDGGH2URTXHKDQ
IDFLOLWDGRHVWHHQFXHQWURDQLPiQGROHVDTXHFRQWLQ~HQHQHOHPSHxRGHDERUGDU
HOSHULRGRGHVGHODPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULHGDG\GHVGHHVWHGHQRPLQDGRUFRP~QTXH
XQHWRGDVODVYDULDGDVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVDUWtVWLFDVGHOSHULRGR
9pDVHODGHVFULSFLyQGHORVFLWDGRVFRQFHSWRVHQ-RVp)HUUDWHU0RUD'LFFLRQDULRGH)LORVRItD
0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDOYROV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
$3e1',&(,
$5,67Ð7(/(6
5HWyULFD6HJXQGROLEUR
/D,UD
(OGHVSUHFLR
/DFDOPD
(ODPRU\HORGLR
OD(QHPLVWDG
(OWHPRU\ODFRQÀDQ]D
/DYHUJHQ]D\ODGHVYHUJHQ]D
(OIDYRU
/DFRPSDVLyQ
/DLQGLJQDFLyQ
/DHQYLGLD
/DHPXODFLyQ
Anterior
Siguiente
'(6&$57(6
7UDWDGRGHODV3DVLRQHVGHO$OPD
6HJXQGDSDUWH'HOQ~PH
UR\RUGHQGHODVSDVLRQHV«
/DDGPLUDFLyQ
/DHVWLPDFLyQ\HOGHVSUHFLR
OD JHQHURVLGDG R HO RUJXOOR \ OD
KXPLOGDGREDMH]D
/DYHQHUDFLyQ\HOGHVGpQ
(ODPRU\HORGLR(OGHVHR
/DHVSHUDQ]DHOWHPRUORVFHORV
OD VHJXULGDG \ OD GHVHVSH
UDFLyQ
/DLUUHVROXFLyQHOYDORUODDXGD
FLDODHPXODFLyQODFREDUGtD
\HOHVSDQWR
(OUHPRUGLPLHQWR
/DDOHJUtD\ODWULVWH]D
/DEXUODODHQYLGLDODSLHGDG
/DVDWLVIDFFLyQGHVtPLVPR\HO
DUUHSHQWLPLHQWR
(OIDYRU\HODUUHSHQWLPLHQWR
/DLQGLJQDFLyQ\ODFyOHUD
/DJORULD\ODYHUJHQ]D
(O GLVJXVWR OD DxRUDQ]D OD
DOHJUtD
7HUFHUD SDUWH 'H ODV SDVLRQHV
SDUWLFXODUHV
'HODHVWLPDFLyQ\GHOGHVSUHFLR
'HORUJXOOR
'HODKXPLOGDGYLFLRVD
'HODYHQHUDFLyQ
'HOGHVGpQ
'HODHVSHUDQ]D\HOWHPRU
'H OD VHJXULGDG \ OD GHVHVSH
UDFLyQ
'HORVFHORV
'HODLUUHVROXFLyQ
'HOYDORU\GHODDXGDFLD
'HODHPXODFLyQ
'HODFREDUGtD\HOPLHGR
'HOUHPRUGLPLHQWR
'HODEXUOD
'HODHQYLGLD
'HODFRPSDVLyQ
Buscar
3('52'(8//2$
0~VLFD 8QLYHUVDO« 0DGULG
©$ HVWDV GRFH 3DVLRQHV VH
UHGXFHQ WRGDV ODV TXH QDFHQ GHO
DSHWLWRVHQVLWLYR
$PRU
'HVHR
2GLR
)XJD
'RORU
(VSHUDQ]D
$XGDFLD
,UD
'HVHVSHUDFLyQ
7HPRU
0DQVHGXPEUHª
©/D9ROXQWDG FRPR HV WDP
ELpQXQ$SHWLWRWLHQHVHPHMDQWHV
PRYLPLHQWRVSHURQRPRYLPLHQ
WRV VHQVLWLYRV VLQR LQWHOHFWLYRV
QR SDVLRQHV VLQR VHPHMDQ]D GH
SDVLRQHV>«@7RGRVHVWRVPRYL
PLHQWRVVHSXHGHQUHGXFLUDWUHV
$IHFWRVJHQHUDOHV
, $/(*5,$ $PRU 0DJQDQL
PLGDGÌPSHWX\'HVHR$/(
*5,$'(67(03/$'$,UD
$ERUUHFLPLHQWR,QGLJQDFLyQ
9HQJDQ]D\)XURU
,, 5(0,66,21 3LHGDG$PRU
SDUD FRQ 'LRV &RQVWDQFLD
0RGHVWLD 3XGRU 5HOLJLyQ
'HVSUHFLR GH ODV FRVDV
KXPDQDV \ $PRU GH ODV &H
OHVWLDOHV
,,,0,6(5,&25',$ 7ULVWH]D
/ODQWR&RQPLVHUDFLyQ&DQ
VDQFLRHWF
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
$3e1',&(,,
5(&(3&,Ð1 (1(63$f$ '( /26 6,67(0$6 '( &/$6,),&$&,Ð1 '($7$1$6,86.,5&+(5
/DFODVLÀFDFLyQLWDOLDQDGHODP~VLFDÀMDGDSRU6FDFFKLHQVX&ULEUXPPX
VLFXP9HQHFLD\PiVWDUGHSRUVXGLVFtSXOR%HUDUGLHQVX0LVFHOODQHD
0XVLFDOH VHJ~Q OD FXDO ©ORV DQWLJXRV PDHVWURV QR WHQtDQ PiV TXH XQ
HVWLOR\XQDSUiFWLFDORVPRGHUQRVWLHQHQWUHVHVWLORVGH,JOHVLDGH&iPDUD\
GH7HDWUR\GRVSUiFWLFDVODSULPHUD\ODVHJXQGDªKD\TXHFRPSOHWDUODFRQOD
FODVLÀFDFLyQGH$WDQDVLXV.LUFKHUTXLHQHQVX0XVXUJXLD8QLYHUVDOLV5RPD
GLVWLQJXHDHVWLORVLQGLYLGXDOHVVHFRUUHVSRQGHQFRQORVFXDWURKXPR
UHVGH*DOHQR6DQJUH6DQJXtQHR)OHPDÁHPiWLFR%LOLVDPDULOOD
FROpULFR%LOLVQHJUDPHODQFyOLFREHVWLORVQDFLRQDOHVLWDOLDQRIUDQFpV
DOHPiQFHVWLORVIXQFLRQDOHV
3('523$5,6 <52<20(025,$/ 62%5( /$0Ô6,&$ '( /267(03/26¢"
(VWLORHFOHVLiVWLFR
D OLJDGREDVDGRHQHO*UHJRULDQR6DOPRV+LPQRV&iQWLFRV
E VXHOWRQREDVDGRHQHOFDQWROODQR0LVDV
F PRWpWLFRQREDVDGRHQWHPDVGHOFDQWROODQRFRQYDULHGDGGHFOiXVXODV
GLVPLQXFLyQGHÀJXUDVIXJDVFDPELRVGHWRQDOLGDG0RWHWHV
G FDQyQLFRODVYRFHVSURFHGHQSRUXQRVPLVPRVLQWHUYDORV
H PHOLVPiWLFRDVtGHQRPLQDGRSRUODGXO]XUDGHODPHORGtD$SWRSDUDOD
H[SUHVLyQGHORVYHUVRVGHYDULRVPHWURVFRQVWDGHYDULHGDGGHPLHPEURV
GRVWUHVRORPiVFXDWURVHJ~QODUD]yQGHOPHWUR\pVWRVFDGDXQRWLHQH
VX UHSHWLFLyQ TXH VH OODPDQ PLHPEURV DUPyQLFRV &DQWLQHODV $ULHWDV
9LOODQFLFRV9LOODQHODV
+LSRUFKHPDWLFR>SURIDQR@
D FRUDLFR3DUDORVEDLOHVDSWR\DFRPRGDGRSDUDODHMHFXFLyQGHORVTXH
EDLODQ\GDQ]DQ-iFDUD*DOODUGD&XPEp\RWURV
E IDQWDVWLFR0pWRGROLEUH\VXHOWRSDUDHOyUJDQR\GHPiVLQVWUXPHQWRV
5HFHUFDGDV7RFDWDV\6RQDWDV
F VLQIRQLDFR HV SDUWH GHO HVWLOR )DQWiVWLFR \ WLHQH SRU REMHWR OD P~VLFD
LQVWUXPHQWDO
0DGULJDOHVFRSDUDH[SUHVDUFRQSURSLHGDGODVDFFLRQHVPRUDOHVGHYLU
WXGHVDPRUHV\RWUDVFRVDV1DUUDFLyQGH)iEXODVH+LVWRULDV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
'UDPiWLFRUHFLWDWLYR3URSLRGH&RPHGLDV7UDJHGLDV\'LiORJRVSUHFLVDGR
DVHJXLUODVOH\HVGHORVPHWURV2UDWRULRV
0HWDEyOLFRHPSOHRGHOPRGRPD\RU\PHQRU
3('52 '(8//2$0Ô6,&$81,9(56$/0$'5,'
(VWLORHFOHVLDVWLFRHVFXDQGRVHFRPSRQHVREUH&DQWROODQR*UHJRULDQRGH
DOJ~Q6DOPR$QWtIRQD\(VWLOR0RWpWLFRFXDQGRVHFRPSRQHFRQLGHDGLYHUVD
DOJ~Q9LOODQFLFRYJ
(O (VWLOR 7HDWUDO FRPSUHQGH RWUDV WUHV (VSHFLHV GLYHUVDV 5HFLWDWLYR
&RUtDFR\6DOWDWRULR(O5HFLWDWLYRGHRUGLQDULRVHKDFHSDUDVRORXQD9R]\
DpOSXHGHQUHGXFLUVHWRGDVODV3LH]DVTXHYXOJDUPHQWHVHOODPDQ7RQDGDV(O
&RUtDFRHVHOTXHVHIRUPDSDUDPXFKDV9RFHV(O6DOWDWRULRHVHOTXHVHIRUPD
SDUD'DQ]DVFRPRVRQ*DOODUGD-iFDUDHWF
3RUORTXHWRFDDOD'LVSRVLFLyQVRQYDULDV)LJXUDV+DUPyQLFDVFRQTXH
SXHGHQDGRUQDUVHODV3LH]DV/DVSULQFLSDOHVVRQODVVLJXLHQWHV3DXVD5HSHWL
FLyQ *UDGXDFLyQ&RPSOHMR )LQDOL]DQWH GH OD PLVPD VXHUWH &RQWUDSRVLFLyQ
$VFHQVLyQ'HVFHQVLyQ&LUFXODFLyQ)XJD$VLPLODFLyQ$EUXSFLyQUHSHQWLQD
)5$1&,6&29$//60$3$$50Ð1,&281,9(56$/
(VWLORHFOHVLiVWLFR
6XHOWR0LVDV\0RWHWHV3XHGHEDVDUVHHQWHPDVGHOD$QWtIRQD5HVSRQVR
RFXDOTXLHU&DQWROODQR
0HOLVPiWLFR3XHGHVHU(FOHVLiVWLFR\3URIDQR©&RQVLVWHVXFRPSRVLFLyQHQ
FDQWDUODVYRFHVXQLGDVVLQSDVRQLLQWHQFLyQSDUDTXHQRVHFRQIXQGDOD
OHWUD3DUDP~VLFDO~JXEUH\WULVWHHVPX\SURSLRª
+LSRUFKHPDWLFR>SURIDQR@)DQWiVWLFR3DUDHOyUJDQRFODYLFpPEDORDUSD
JXLWDUUD\FXDOTXLHULQVWUXPHQWRTXHFRQpOVyORVHSXOVHQRWDxDQWUHVRFXDWUR
YRFHV7LHQWRV5HVHUFDWDV6LQIRQtDV&RQFLHUWRV7RFDWDV6RQDWDV
0DGULJDOHVFR&RUUHVSRQGHDQXHVWURVYLOODQFLFRV
'UDPiWLFR5HFLWDWLYR$ULDV2UDWRULRV&DQWDGDV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
$3e1',&(,,,
/$ $3257$&,Ð1 '(3('52 '(8//2$
0~VLFD8QLYHUVDOR3ULQFLSLRV8QLYHUVDOHVGHOD0~VLFDGLVSXHVWRVSRUHO
3DGUH0DHVWUR3HGURGH8OORDGHOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~V&DWKHGUiWLFRGH0D
WHPiWLFDV GH ORV (VWXGLRV 5HDOHV GHO &ROHJLR ,PSHULDO \ &RVPyJUDSKR 0DLRU
GHO6XSUHPR&RQVHMRGHODV,QGLDV&RQ3ULYLOHJLRHQ0DGULGHQOD,PSUHQWD
GH0~VLFDSRU%HUQDUGR3HUDOWD$xRGH
>3iJ @ 1~P 3DUD PiV FODUD LQWHOLJHQFLD GH HVWR VH KD GH DGYHUWLU
TXHDVtFRPRXQ5D]RQDPLHQWRSDUDQRVHUEURQFRXDSDFLEOHVLQRJUDWRDO
2tGRWLHQHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHDO7RQRHQTXHVHHPSLH]DDKDEODUVXV3HULRGRV
\VXV&OiXVXODVHQTXHGHSULPLHQGR\HOHYDQGRODYR]FRPRTXHGHVFDQVDHO
TXHKDEOD\FRPRTXHWRPDIXHU]DVHOTXHR\HDVtWDPELpQGHEHWHQHUORVHO
5D]RQDPLHQWRDTXLHQVRQRUDPHQWHDQLPDOD0~VLFDHOFXDOVXHOHOODPDUVH
3LH]D (O 6RQLGR SXHV GH OD &XHUGD HQ TXH HPSH]y OD3LH]D SHUVHYHUD SRU
PXFKR WLHPSR HQ OD PHPRULD \ DVt HV QHFHVDULR TXH ODV &XHUGDV HQ TXH VH
KDFHQHVWDV&OiXVXODVWHQJDQDOJXQDUHODFLyQDUPRQLRVDDOD&XHUGDHQTXH
HPSH]y 3RU HVWR HQ WRGRV ORV 0RGRV VH VHxDODQ ODV &XHUGDV GLFKDV SDUD
TXHHQHOODVSULQFLSDOPHQWHVHKDJDQHVWDVLQWHUSRODFLRQHVR&DGHQFLDV\VL
VHKDFHQRWUDVVHOODPDQ3HUHJULQDVRGH3DVR/DHMHFXFLyQGHO0RGRTXH
FRQVLVWHHQODGLVSRVLFLyQ\RUGHQGHKDFHUFDPLQDUXQD3LH]DHQVX0RGR
GHVDOLURSRUWXQDPHQWHGHpOGHYROYHUDHQWUDUHQHOPLVPRVLQRIHQVDGHO
2tGR \ SRU ~OWLPR GH DFDEDU HQ OD &XHUGD TXH OH GD HO 1RPEUH VH OODPD
0RGXODFLyQ
1~P(OORHVFLHUWRTXHDVtFRPRVLQ)LJXUDFRQYHQLHQWHHO6LORJLVPR
HVYLFLRVRDVtWDPELpQVLQHOHFFLyQFRQJUXHQWHGH7RQRHVWiGHVDLUDGDODSLH]D
6RQPX\SRFRVORV$XWRUHVTXHFRQFXHUGDQDFHUFDGHODV3URSLHGDGHV\2UGHQ
GH ORV GRFH WRQRV R PRGRV P~VLFRV 6LQ HPEDUJR SDUD WHQHU DOJXQD QRWLFLD
DFHUFDGHHVWRVHQRWDUiTXHHO$SHWLWR6HQVLWLYRWLHQHGRVIDFXOWDGHVTXHVRQOD
&21&83,6&,%/(\OD,5$6&,%/(/DSULPHUDSDUDEXVFDUHO%LHQ\KXLUHO
0DOODVHJXQGDSDUDFRQWUDSRQHUVHDTXLHQVHRSRQHDVXGHVHRRDVX)XJD6L
ODDSUHKHQVLYDSURSRQH>SiJ@DO$SHWLWRVHQVLWLYRDOJ~QREMHWREXHQRQDFH
HQOD&21&83,6&,%/(SULPHUDPHQWHHO$PRUVLHOREMHWRHVWiDSDUWDGRQDFH
GHVSXpVGHO$PRUHO'HVHR<VLHOGHVHRVHFXPSOHVHVLJXHHO'HOHLWH3HURVL
HOREMHWRHVDERUUHFLEOH\PDOROD&21&83,6&,%/(PXHYHHO2GLR\VLSXHGH
HO0DOVHVLJXHOD)XJDVLQRVHSXHGHKXLUQDFHOD7ULVWH]D&XDQGRHOREMHWR
SURSXHVWRHVGLItFLO\DUGXRSRUDOJXQDRSRVLFLyQVLDSUHKHQGHHOKRPEUHTXH
OD SXHGH YHQFHU QDFH HQ OD ,5$6&,%/( OD (VSHUDQ]D VL DSUHKHQGH TXH QR
QDFHOD'HVHVSHUDFLyQ$OFRQWUDULRVLHOPDODUGXRHVWiDXVHQWHQDFHODIRJRVD
$XGDFLDSDUDGLYHUWLUOHGHVGHOHMRVRHOIUtR7HPRUVLHVPD\RUHOSHOLJURTXH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
ODHVSHUDQ]D6L\DHOPDOKDVXFHGLGRQDFHOD,UDSDUDYHQJDUOHRODQDWXUDO
0DQVHGXPEUHSDUDVXIULUOH(VWD*HQHDORJtDHVODVLJXLHQWH
&RQFXSLVFLEOHDFHUFD
GHO%,(1\GHO
0$/VLPSOHPHQWH
,UDVFLEOHDFHUFDGHO
%LHQ\GHO0DO
$025'(6(2
'(/(,7(2',2
)8*$'2/25
$3(7,726(16,7,92
(63(5$1=$$8'$&,$
,5$'(6(63(5$&,21
7(0250$16('80%5(
1~P$HVWDVGRFH3DVLRQHVVHUHGXFHQWRGDVODVTXHQDFHQGHODSHWLWR
VHQVLWLYRSDUDHOFDVRSUHVHQWH9HUGDGHVTXHOD9ROXQWDGFRPRHVWDPELpQXQ
$SHWLWR WLHQH VHPHMDQWHV PRYLPLHQWRV SHUR QR PRYLPLHQWRV VHQVLWLYRV VLQR
LQWHOHFWLYRVQRSDVLRQHVVLQRVHPHMDQ]DVGHSDVLRQHV(VFRQVWDQWHTXHPXFKDV
YHFHVVHDQWLFLSDQODV3DVLRQHVDOD9ROXQWDG\TXHGHVDWLHQGHDO,PSHULRGHOD
9ROXQWDGHOtPSHWXGHODVSHUWLQDFHV3DVLRQHV3DUDHODVXQWRTXHVHWUDWDGHWRGRV
HVWRVPRYLPLHQWRVVHSXHGHQUHGXFLUDWUHV$)(&726JHQHUDOHV(OSULPHURHV
$/(*5,$DTXHSXHGHQUHGXFLUVHORVDIHFWRVGH$PRU0DJQDQLPLGDGÌPSHWX
\'HVHRDXQTXHVLOD$/(*5,$HVGHVWHPSODGDHQJHQGUDDIHFWRVSDUHFLGRVD
ORVFROpULFRVGH,UD$ERUUHFLPLHQWR,QGLJQDFLyQ9HQJDQ]D\)XURU
(OVHJXQGRHV5(0,6,21DTXHSXHGHQUHGXFLUVHORV$IHFWRVGH3LHGDG
$PRUSDUDFRQ'LRV&RQVWDQFLD0RGHVWLD3XGRU5HOLJLyQ'HVSUHFLRGHODV
FRVDVKXPDQDV\$PRUGHODVFHOHVWLDOHV
(OWHUFHUR>SiJ@HV0,6(5,&25',$DTXHSXHGHUHGXFLUVHORVGH7ULV
WH]D/ODQWR&RQPLVHUDFLyQ&DQVDQFLRHWF
6yORUHVWDYHUFyPRSXHGHOD0~VLFDH[FLWDUHVWRV$IHFWRV
1~P3DUDHVWRVHKDGHVXSRQHUTXHVLHQGRHOVXMHWRGHODV3DVLRQHVHO
$SHWLWR6HQVLWLYRTXHHVFRUSyUHR\PDWHULDOGHSHQGHGHXQDVFRQGLFLRQHVPD
WHULDOHV\ODVSULQFLSDOHVVRQXQDFLHUWDFRPELQDFLyQGHODVSULPHUDV&XDOLGDGHV
HOHPHQWDOHV TXH VH SXHGHQ OODPDU +iOLWRV (VStULWXV R 9DSRUHV GH ORV FXDWUR
+XPRUHVYDULDPHQWHPH]FODGRVHQIXHU]DGHORV2EMHWRVTXHVHSURSRQHQDOD
)DQWDVtD
&XDQGR HO 2EMHWR HV GLJQR GH ,QGLJQDFLyQ ORV (VStULWXV R 9DSRUHV TXH VH
HOHYDQGHO9DVRGHODKLHOVRQGHWHPSHUDPHQWRFiOLGR\VHFR\FRQPRYLGRV
GHXQRVPRYLPLHQWRVVXWLOtVLPRVWXPXOWXDULRV\SXQ]DGRUHVFRQFLWDQHOiQLPR
DTXHVHSURUUXPSDHQ,UD)XURUHV5DELDVHWF
&XDQGRHO2EMHWRHVDPHQR\JXVWRVRORV9DSRUHVTXHVHHOHYDQGHO+tJDGR
\ K~PHGR \ FRQPRYLGRV FRQ XQRV PRYLPLHQWRV VXDYHV GXOFHV \ WHPSODGRV
FRQPXHYHQ HO$QLPR EHQLJQD \ GXOFHPHQWH GH GRQGH SURYLHQH HO *R]R OD
(VSHUDQ]DHO$PRUOD$OHJUtDHWF
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
&XDQGRHO2EMHWRHVKRUURURVRWULVWHIXQHVWRWUiJLFRORVYDSRUHVHOHYDGRV
GHOYDVRGHOD&yOHUDVRQGHWHPSHUDPHQWRIUtR\VHFRFRQTXHLPEX\HQGRDO
HVStULWXDQLPDOGHODVPLVPDV&XDOLGDGHVQDFHHO'HVFRQVXHOROD7ULVWH]DHO
'RORUOD&RQPLVHUDFLyQHO/ODQWRHWF
ÔOWLPDPHQWHFXDQGRHOREMHWRHVGHOLFDGRVXDYHPRGHUDGRRPHGLRHQWUH
OR7ULVWH\$OHJUHDGTXLHUHQORV9DSRUHVXQWHPSHUDPHQWRIUtR\K~PHGRFRQ
TXHFDUDFWHUL]DGRHO(VStULWXDQLPDOFRQFLWDDO$QLPRDVHPHMDQWHV3DVLRQHV
\SURYLHQHOD$OHJUtDPRGHUDGDOD4XLHWXGOD7UDQTXLOLGDGHO$PRUKRQHVWR
HWF
1~P$OWHUDSXHVHOVRQLGRDUPyQLFRDO$LUHSURSRUFLRQDGDPHQWHDVX
QDWXUDOH]DFRQTXHHVWDQGRpVWHVLHPSUHFRQWLJXRDO(VStULWXDQLPDO\pVWHHQ
FRQWLQXR PRYLPLHQWR OXHJR TXH HO$OPD SHUFLEH OD$UPRQtD \ OD )DQWDVtD HO
2EMHWR TXH ODV SDODEUDV UHSUHVHQWDQ QDWXUDOPHQWH FRQPXHYH HO$LUH DO KXPRU
SURSRUFLRQDGR \ TXH PiV VLPEROL]D DVt FRQ HO 2EMHWR FRPR FRQ ORV PR>SiJ
@YLPLHQWRVDUPyQLFRV(VWH9DSRUSXHVMXQWRFRQHO(VStULWX$QLPDOFRQFLWDGR
\DSRUHO$LUHDUPyQLFRFRPRTXHSUHFLVDQHO$QLPRFRQVXDJLWDFLyQD$IHFWRV
SURSRUFLRQDGRVDORV6RQLGRV\9RFHV$TXtVHQRWDUiQGRVFRVDVORSULPHUR
FXiQWRGHIUDXGDQDODHÀFDFLDGHODP~VLFDORV&DQWRUHVTXHQRVHHVPHUDQHQ
SURQXQFLDUGLVWLQWD\FODUDPHQWHHO5D]RQDPLHQWRTXHDQLPDQFRQVXV9RFHV/R
VHJXQGRODUD]yQTXHWLHQHQPXFKDV1DFLRQHVSDUDGDUSRUHVFULWRDORVR\HQWHV
ORTXHHQVXVIHVWHMRVVHDQLPDFRQODP~VLFD
1~P(VLQQHJDEOHTXHWHPSODQGR8QtVRQDVGRV&XHUGDVHQXQD*XLWDUUD
DXQTXHQRVHDQLQPHGLDWDVWRFDQGRODXQDUHVXHQDODRWUDVLQTXHKDJDHVWROD
PiVFHUFDQD'HHVWDH[SHULHQFLDVyORSDUHFHSXHGHVHUODUD]yQTXHODV&XHUGDV
WHPSODGDVDO8QtVRQRVRQFDSDFHVGHVHPHMDQWHVYLEUDFLRQHVFRQTXHHO$LUH
UHPRYLGRSRUODXQDLPSULPHIiFLOPHQWHVXVVDFXGLGXUDVHQODRWUD6HPHMDQ
WH GLVSRVLFLyQ D PRYHUVH XQ &XHUSR FXDQGR RWUR VH UHPXHYH R KLHUH HO$LUH
WDPELpQVHKDOODHQRWUDVFRVDV$HVWDVXHUWHGHPRYLPLHQWRVSXHGHUHGXFLUVH
DTXHOHVWUHPHFLPLHQWRTXHVHVXHOHVHQWLUHQWRGDVODVSDUWHVGHQXHVWUR&XHUSR
DORtUWDORWDOUXLGRYJUDVJDUXQWDIHWiQROLHQ]RHWFSRUTXHODVDQJUHSXHGH
KDOODUVHHQWRQFHVFRQWDOGLVSRVLFLyQTXHREHGH]FDQSURQWDPHQWHVXVSDUWHVDO
WHPEORUGHO$LUH(OVRQLGRSXHV$UPyQLFRORSULPHURFRQFLWDHO$LUHH[WHUQR
\OHLPSULPHORVPRYLPLHQWRVDUPyQLFRVGHVSXpVLPSHOHODIDQWDVtDLPSHOLGD
pVWDFRQFLWDORVKXPRUHVTXHPH]FODGRVFRQHO$LUHLQWHUQRLQFOLQDQÀQDOPHQWH
DOKRPEUHDTXHOORDTXHVHUHÀHUHQ'HHVWDVXHUWH\QRGHRWUDPXHYHPHGLDWD
\GHWHUPLQDWLYDPHQWHOD+DUPRQtDORV$IHFWRV
1~P(QODWDEODVLJXLHQWHVHSRQHQODV&RQGLFLRQHVTXHPXFKRVUHSX
WDQSURSLDVGHFDGD0RGR0~VLFRGHGRQGHVHLQÀHUHFXiOHVGHVX\RVRQPiV
FRQGXFHQWHVSDUDH[FLWDUXQRV$IHFWRVTXHRWURV(QFDGDXQRVHVHxDODQGRV
&XHUGDVSRUOR\DDGYHUWLGR<VLFRQWDO$UWHVHGLVSXVLHVHQORV6RQLGRVTXHGHO
WRGRVLPEROL]DVHQFRQHO7HPSHUDPHQWRGHOTXHORVR\HVHVLQGXGDVHH[SHUL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
PHQWDUtDQHIHFWRVH[WUDRUGLQDULRVHQRUGHQDFRQPRYHUODV3DVLRQHV9HUGDGHV
TXHHVWRQXQFDVHUtDJHQHUDOVLQRVHKDOODEDLJXDOGLVSRVLFLyQHQWRGRV6HJ~Q
ODGLYHUVLGDGGH1DFLRQHVGH3REODFLRQHV\D~QGHLQGLYLGXRVVXHOHVHUHVWD
GLVSRVLFLyQ GLIHUHQWH 7LWR /LYLR QRWD TXH ORV$WKHQLHQVHV HUDQ DUUHEDWDGRV \
SURQWRV HQ VXV GHWHUPLQDFLRQHV SRUTXH FRQ IDFLOLGDG VH GHMDEDQ OOHYDU GH OD
&yOHUD\DOFRQWUDULRORV/DFHGHPRQLRVTXHHUDQWDQGHWHQLGRVHLQGHFLVRVHQ
ODVVX\DVTXHSDUHFtDORVGRPLQDEDOD)OHPD
9HURVtPLOFRVDHVTXHHO6RQLGRTXHGLYLUWLHVHD1HUyQOHSDUHFLHVHGHVDSDFLEOH
D6pQHFD\TXHHOTXHFRQJHQLDVHFRQ)ODYLRGHVWHPSODVHD0HWHOOR
120%5(6
02'(672
)/25,'2
6(9(52
75,67(
)(67,92
'8/&(
,5$&81'2
6(5,2
$0(12
$5'82
/$6&,92
%(/,&262
25'(1
'
$
(
%
)
&
*
'
$
(
&
*
*
'
$
(
%E
)
&
*
'
$
)
&
3523,('$'(6
3DUDFRVDVVXDYHVKRQHVWDV
3DUDYHUVRVOtULFRV
3DUDH[SUHVDUTXHMDV
3DUDOODQWRV\FRVDVIXQHVWDV
3DUDFRVDVDOHJUHV
3DUDDIHFWRVDOHJUHV\GHYRWRV
3DUD,UDV5DELDV'HVSHFKRV
3DUDFRVDVJUDYHV\VHULDV
3DUDFRVDVVXDYHV
3DUDFRVDViUGXDV
3DUDGDQ]DV
3DUDLQGLJQDFLRQHV
'HpVWRVORVPiVXVDGRVVRQž\ž'ž\ž(ž\ž)ž\*SRUTXH
7UDQVSRUWDGRVSXHGHQVXSOLUSRUORVRWURVFXDWUR
3523;;;,,,
'DGRXQ$VXQWRDQtPDQOHDUPyQLFDPHQWH
3UHYHQ
,QYHQFLyQ
0~VLFD
'LVSRVLFLyQ
0~VLFD
Anterior
/DVPLVPDVSDUWHVGHTXHSULQFLSDOPHQWH
FRQVWD OD 5HWyULFD TXH VRQ ,QYHQFLRQ 'LVSRVLFLyQ (ORFXHQ
FLD
FRPSRQHQWDPELpQOD0~VLFD
/D,QYHQFLyQHQ0~VLFDHVODHOHFFLyQGH7RQRFRQJUXHQWHDO
$VXQWRGDGR
/DGLVSRVLFLyQHVODHOHFFLyQGH3HULRGRV\)LJXUDV
KDUPyQLFDVSURSLDVDOPLVPR$VXQWR
/D(ORFXFLyQHVODH[SUHVLyQGHO7RQR\(VWLOR
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
(ORFXFLyQ
0~VLFD
SURSRUFLRQDGRDHVHPLVPR$VXQWRSRUPHGLRGH1RWDV
DSURSLDGDV
3RUORTXHWRFDDOD,QYHQFLyQIXHUDGHOR\DGLFKR6FKRO3URSVHKD
GHQRWDUTXHWRGRVORV(VWLORV+DUPyQLFRVVHUHGXFHQDWUHVSULQFLSDOHVHVSH
FLHV D VDEHU (FOHVLiVWLFR 0RWpWLFR \ 7HDWUDO (VWLOR (FOHVLiVWLFR HV FXDQGR
VHFRPSRQHVREUH&DQWROODQR*UHJRULDQRGHDOJ~Q6DOPR$QWtIRQD\(VWLOR
0RWpWLFRFXDQGRVHFRPSRQHFRQLGHDGLYHUVDDOJ~Q9LOODQFLFRYJ(O(VWLOR
7HDWUDOFRPSUHQGHRWUDVWUHV(VSHFLHVGLYHUVDV5HFLWDWLYR&RUtDFR\6DOWDWRULR
(O5HFLWDWLYRGHRUGLQDULRVHKDFHSDUDVRORXQD9R]\DpOSXHGHQUHGXFLUVH
WRGDVODV3LH]DVTXHYXOJDUPHQWHVHOODPDQ7RQDGDV(O&RUtDFRHVHOTXHVH
IRUPDSDUDPXFKDV9RFHV(O6DOWDWRULRHVHOTXHVHIRUPDSDUD'DQ]DVFRPR
VRQ*DOODUGD-iFDUDHWF
3RU OR TXH WRFD D OD 'LVSRVLFLyQ VRQ YDULDV )LJXUDV +DUPyQLFDV FRQ
TXH SXHGHQ DGRUQDUVH ODV 3LH]DV /DV SULQFLSDOHV VRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV 3DXVD
5HSHWLFLyQ *UDGXDFLyQ &RPSOHMR )LQDOL]DQWH GH OD PLVPD VXHUWH &RQWUD
SRVLFLyQ$VFHQVLyQ'HVFHQVLyQ&LUFXODFLyQ)XJD$VLPLODFLyQ$EUXSFLyQ
UHSHQWLQD
3$86$/D3DXVDVHSRQHRSRUWXQDPHQWHFXDQGRVHSUHJXQWDRVHUHVSRQGH
DORTXHVHSUHJXQWD$HVWD)LJXUDVHSXHGHQUHGXFLUORV6XVSLURVFXDQGRFRQ
&RUFKHDVRVHPLFRUFKHDVTXHSRUHVWRVXHOHQOODPDUVH6XVSLURVVXV3DXVDVVH
H[SUHVDQHQ$IHFWRVOORURVRV
5(3(7,&,Ð15HSHWLFLyQHVFXDQGRSDUDPD\RUHQHUJtDVHUHSLWDYDULDVYHFHV
XQPLVPR3HULRGR(VWRHVSHFLDOPHQWHVHKDFHHQODV3DVLRQHVPiVYHKHPHQWHV
GH)HURFLGDG'HVSUHFLRHWFYJ$ODUPDDODUPDHWF
*5$'$&,Ð1*UDGDFLyQHVXQ3HULRGRDUPyQLFRHQTXHODV9RFHVTXHYDQ
VXELHQGRJUDGDWLP\GHRUGLQDULRVHSRQHQHQDIHFWRVGH$PRUGLYLQR
&203/(-2 &RPSOHMR HV XQ 3HULRGR DUPyQLFR HQ TXH ODV 9RFHV FRPR TXH
SDUHFHTXHFRQVSLUDQDXQDPLVPD&XHUGD\SXHGHVHUYLUSDUDORVDIHFWRVGH
0DTXLQDFLyQ
),1$/,=$17('(/$0,60$68(57()LQDOL]DQWHGHODPLVPDVXHUWHHVXQ3HULRGR
DUPyQLFRTXHDFDEDGHODPLVPDVXHUWH\VXHOHSRQHUVHHQODVHULDDÀUPDFLyQ
QHJDFLyQRUHSUHKHQVLyQGHDOJXQDFRVD
&2175$326,&,Ð1&RQWUDSRVLFLyQHVXQSHULRGRDUPyQLFRHQHOFXDOVHH[
SUHVDQDIHFWRVRSXHVWRVYJGH5LVD/ODQWR4XLHWXG0RYLPLHQWRHWF
$6&(16,Ð1$VFHQVLyQHVXQ3HULRGRDUPyQLFRHQTXHVHH[SUHVDODH[DOWDFLyQ
DFRVDVDOWDVRVXEOLPHV
'(6&(16,Ð1'HVFHQVLyQHVXQ3HULRGRDUPyQLFRFRQTXHVHH[SUHVDQDIHFWRV
GH6HUYLGXPEUH+XPLOGDG'HSUHVLyQHWF
&,5&8/$&,Ð1&LUFXODFLyQHVXQ3HULRGRDUPyQLFRHQTXHODVYRFHVSDUHFH
TXHDQGDQDOUHGHGRURTXHIRUPDQXQ&tUFXOR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
)8*$ )XJD HV XQ SHULRGR DUPyQLFR HQ TXH VH H[SUHVDQ ODV 9RFHV TXH
VLJQLÀFDQ+XLGD
$6,0,/$&,Ð1$VLPLODFLyQHVXQ3HULRGRDUPyQLFRFRQTXHSURSLDPHQWHVH
H[SUHVDQODVDFFLRQHVRSURSLHGDGHVGHDOJXQDFRVDYJ7LPSDQL]DU5LPERP
EDUHWF
$%583&,Ð1$EUXSFLyQUHSHQWLQDHVXQ3HULRGRDUPyQLFRHQTXHVHH[SUHVD
TXHXQDFRVDVHDFDEySUHVWR
3RUORTXHWRFDDOD(ORFXFLyQSDUDTXHQRVHFRPHWDQWRUSHPHQWHHUURUHV
HQORV$FHQWRVVHKDGHQRWDUTXHHQWRGDVODV'LFFLRQHVTXHVHSXHGHQDQLPDU
FRQOD0~VLFDVHUHGXFHQDWUHV&ODVHVFRQYLHQHDVDEHUD'LFFLRQHVGHGRV
6tODEDVD'LFFLRQHVGHWUHV6tODEDV\D'LFFLRQHVGHFXDWUR6tODEDV
&XDQGROD'LFFLyQHV%LVtODEDSXHGHHO$FHQWRFDUJDUHQOD~OWLPDYJ$PyU
'ROyUHWFRQRYJ6yODSHQD>«@9LHQHQYDULRVHMHPSORVGHP~VLFD
>3iJ@6LOD'LFFLyQHV7HWUDVtODEDVRORDWLHQGHDVtHO$FHQWRVHSRQH
HQOD~OWLPDRSHQ~OWLPD6tODEDYJ([SUHVDUiVR([SUHVDUiQ8QDV\RWUDV
VHSXHGHQDQLPDUDVt>«@0~VLFDHVFULWD
5(62/8&GDGRHO$VXQWRVHFRQVLGHUDUiHO$IHFWRTXHHQpOVHH[SUHVD\
HOHJLGRHO7RQRPiVSURSRUFLRQDGRVHDQLPDUiQVXV'LFFLRQHVDGYLUWLHQGRTXH
DVtFRPRORV$IHFWRVGH7ULVWH]DV/ODQWR&DQVDQFLR\RWURVVHPHMDQWHVSLGHQ
XQDV1RWDVHVSDFLRVDVSRUHOFRQWUDULRORVGH*R]R$OHJUtD,QGLJQDFLyQHWF
ODVSLGHQDSUHVXUDGDV
02'26,1&203/(726<VLHQHO0RGRHOHJLGRQRVHREVHUYDUHODGLVSRVLFLyQ
GLFKDVHOODPDUi0RGR
>3iJ@$OJXQRVSUHWHQGHQTXHFRQVRORWHQHUKHFKDVODV&RPELQDFLRQHV
GHORV,QWHUYDORV0~VLFRVRFRQ1RWDVRVXEVWLWX\HQGR1~PHURVSRUODVFXHUGDV
WHQGUiQDPDQRFDXGDOPX\FRPSHWHQWHSDUDDQLPDUDUPyQLFDPHQWHFRQSURQWL
WXG\DFLHUWRFXDOTXLHU7KHPDGDGR6LVHHMHFXWDUHHVWRVRORFRQHVRVPDWHULDOHV
ODVPiVGHODV&RPSRVLFLRQHVVDOGUiQ,PSHUIHFWDVFRQWUDYLQLHQGRSRUODPD\RU
SDUWH\DDXQRV\DDRWURV3UHFHSWRVTXHLQGLVSHQVDPHQWHGHEHQGHREVHUYDUVH
'HRWUDVXHUWHSDUHFLyFRQVHJXLUPiVQDWXUDOPHQWHFRQEUHYHGDG\VLQGHOLWRHO
PLVPRLQWHQWRTXHHVHO0pWRGRTXHH[SOLFDHVWHVXFLQWR7UDWDGR
7RGRORPiVDSUHFLDEOHGHOD0~VLFD3UiFWLFDVHUHGXFHDODDGHFXDGD5H
VROXFLyQGHORVFXDWURSUREOHPDVVLJXLHQWHV
ž ([SUHVDUHO3DSHOYJFXDOTXLHUSDUWHGHOVLVWHPD0~VLFR
ž )RUPDU FRQ OD 9R] YJ ORV 6RQLGRV TXH FRUUHVSRQGHQ D OD DUWH GHO
6LVWHPD0~VLFR
ž 'DGDXQD9R]RJUDYHRDJXGDDxDGLUXQDGRVWUHVHWFDFRUGHVFRQ
HOOD\WDPELpQDUWLÀFLRVDPHQWHGLVFRUGHV
ž $QLPDUDUPyQLFDPHQWHFXDOTXLHU5D]RQDPLHQWRGDGR
7RGRVHVWRV3UREOHPDVTXHGDQUHVXHOWRVSHURFRPRFDGDXQRSDUDVXSURQ
WDUHVROXFLyQQHFHVLWDGHHVWDUPX\GXHxRGHO6LVWHPD\3UHFHSWRVTXLHQOR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
KXELHUHGHUHVROYHUHOFXDOGRPLQLRLQGLVSXWDEOHPHQWHVHDGTXLHUHVRORFRQOD
SUiFWLFD VROR TXLHQ FRQ IUHFXHQFLD SUDFWLFDUH VXV 5HVROXFLRQHV ORV UHVROYHUi
FRQODDLURVDSHUIHFFLyQTXHVHUHTXLHUH\VHH[SHULPHQWHHQORVTXHFDGDSDUWH
GHHVWDPDWHULDVRQFRQVXPDGRV
$3e1',&(,9
$1721,23$/20,12086(23,&7Ð5,&2 <(6&$/$Ð37,&$0$'5,'$*8,/$5
&DStWXOR,,
,QWHOLJHQFLDTXHGHEHWHQHUHOSLQWRUGHODÀVRQRPtDSDUDVXEOLPDUODSHUIHF
FLyQGHVXVREUDV>SiJV@
>3iUUDIR,,,@3RUHVWDVPLVPDVLQGLFDFLRQHVSRGUiHOGLVFUHWR\HUXGLWRSLQWRU
H[SUHVDUWDPELpQODVSHUWXUEDFLRQHVGHOiQLPRHQDTXHOORVDFFLGHQWHVTXHLQPXWDQ
V~ELWDPHQWHHOVHPEODQWHSRUTXHGLIHUHQWHFRVDHVVHUKDELWXDORQDWXUDOPHQWH
LUDFXQGR R HVWDU DFWXDOPHQWH DLUDGR FRQ HO VHPEODQWH GHVFRORULGR \ SiYLGR
ORVRMRVGHVHQFDMDGRV\HODVSHFWRLQPLQHQWH\IXULEXQGR
(OUDELRVR\GHVHVSHUDGRHOFRORUHQFHQGLGRODERFDHQH[WUHPRDELHUWD
ORVRMRVHQFDUQL]DGRV\ WDQ DELHUWRVTXH OD SXSLODR QLxHWDVH YHD HQWHUD\
FLUFXQGDGD GHO EODQFR GHO RMR HQFDUQL]DGR ODV FHMDV HVWLUDGDV \ DUUXJDGD OD
IUHQWHODVQDULFHVDELHUWDV\ODJDUJDQWDKLQFKDGD/DULVD\HOOODQWRVHSDUHFHQ
PXFKRHQODERFD\HQODVPHMLOODV\WDPELpQHQHOFHUUDUORVRMRV\VyORVH
GLIHUHQFLDQHQODVFHMDVTXHHQHOOODQWRVHFRQVWULxHQ\MXQWDQKDFLDHOHQWUHFHMR
OHYDQWDQGR ORV iQJXORV GH VX QDFLPLHQWR SHUR HQ OD ULVD VH GLODWDQ 7DPELpQ
ORVULQFRQHVGHODERFDDXQTXHHQXQR\RWURDIHFWRVHUHWLUDQHQHOOODQWRVH
DEUHQDOJRORVH[WUHPRVLQFOLQDQGRKDFLDDEDMR\HQODULVDQRVLQRKDFHQXQRV
VHQRV KXQGLGRV KDFLD DUULED \ GH HOORV SURFHGH XQD DUUXJXLOOD KDFLD DEDMR D
TXHDFRPSDxDXQKR\XHORHQODPHMLOOD
7DPELpQVHKDGHDGYHUWLUTXHHQHOOODQWRODVQDULFHVVHSRQHQHQFHQGLGDV
GHFRORU\DVLPLVPRORVSiUSDGRVGHORVRMRV\WDPELpQHQHVWDQGRHOOODQWR
PiVVHUHQRVHOHYDQWD\VHKLQFKDHOODELRDOWR%LHQTXHODVFDXVDVGHOOODQWR
VXHOHQDOWHUDURPRGHUDUHVWRVLQGLFDQWHVSRUTXHDOJXQROORUDFRQLUDRWURFRQ
WHPRURWURSRUDOHJUtD\WHUQXUDRWURSRUGRORU\WRUPHQWRRWURSRUFRPSDVLyQ
<DVtDHVWDVH[SUHVLRQHVKDQGHDFRPSDxDUODVDFFLRQHVGHOFXHUSR\ODVPDQRV
\DOHYDQWiQGRODVDHOFLHORSLGLHQGRMXVWLFLD\DPHViQGRVHORVFDEHOORVFRQOD
LUDFXQGLD\DHQFRJLHQGRORVKRPEURVFUX]DQGRODVPDQRV\EDMDQGRKDFLDHO
SHFKRODFDEH]DFRQHOGRORURWRUPHQWR\DUHWLUDQGRHOFXHUSR\DEULHQGRODV
PDQRVFRPRWHPEODQGRGHSDYRU<DVtODGLVFUHFLyQGHODUWtÀFHKDUiHOHFFLyQ
GHDTXHOORVDGHPDQHV\DFFLRQHVPiVH[SUHVLYDVTXHSXHGDQFRDG\XYDUDHO
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
HIHFWROORURVRVHJ~QODFDXVDTXHOHPRWLYDFRPRGLVFUHWDPHQWHORGLFH/HR
QDUGRGH9LQFLHQVX7UDWDGRGHOD3LQWXUD
/D DGPLUDFLyQ HV XQ DIHFWR TXH WLHQH JUDQ YDULHGDG HQ VXV H[SUHVLRQHV
SXHVDYHFHVDUTXHDODVFHMDVDEULHQGRPXFKRORVRMRV\ODERFDDOJ~QWDQWR
2WUDVYHFHVFLHUUDODERFDKXQGLHQGRORVODELRV\DUUXJDQGRODIUHQWH\WDOYH]
WRPiQGRVHODVEDUEDVVLODVWLHQHFUHFLGDV2WUDVEDMDODVFHMDVMXQWRDORVRMRV
\pVWRVPHGLRDELHUWRVDWHQGLHQGRDHODFWRTXHOHDGPLUDD\XGiQGRVHGHODV
PDQRVH[WHQGLpQGRODV\GLODWDQGRORVGHGRV
/DWULVWH]DWLHQHPXFKRGHORTXHGLMLPRVGHOOODQWRSHURVLQpOSXHGHHVWDU
HQDFWRSHQVDWLYRVHQWDGDODÀJXUDODPDQRHQODPHMLOODSXHVWRHOEUD]RGH
FRGRRVREUHDOJ~QSHGHVWDORVREUHHOPXVOR\ODFDEH]DLQFOLQDGDKDFLDHO
SHFKRORVRMRVEDMRV\OHYDQWDGRHOHQWUHFHMR
/DDOHJUtDHVWRGDDHOFRQWUDULRORVRMRVDELHUWRVODVFHMDVGLODWDGDVODERFD
DELHUWD\ULVXHxD\ODVPDQRVH[WHQGLGDVHQDOWR
(OHVSDQWRWLHQHPXFKDVSDUWHVGHODDGPLUDFLyQSHURQRREVWDQWHVHGLVWLQ
JXHHQORUREDGRGHOFRORU\HOHQFRJLPLHQWRPRVWUDQGRWLPLGH]TXHVLHPSUH
ODWUDHFRQVLJR\ORPLVPRHVHOSDYRU\HVWXSRUTXHWRGRVVRQVLQyQLPRV<
DHVWHPRGRSXHGHLUGLVFXUULHQGRHOGLVFUHWRSLQWRUODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHDIHFWRV
PiVFRQFHUQLHQWHVDHODUJXPHQWRRDVXQWRGHODREUDTXHSUHWHQGHGHOLQHDUTXH
pVWDHVODSDUWHPiVSHUHJULQDTXHSXHGHWHQHUHODUWtÀFHSDUDKDFHUVHVXSHULRU
DXQDHODUWHPLVPRFRPRORSRQGHUD3OLQLRKDEODQGRGHOLQJHQLRVR7LPDQWHV
FRPRSRFRKDQRWDPRVSXHVGLFHTXHHQVXVSLQWXUDVVHHQWHQGtDPXFKRPiV
GHORTXHVHPLUDEDGHVXHUWHTXHFRQVHUHQHODUWHHPLQHQWHHQHOLQJHQLRHUD
VXSHULRUDHODUWH<DVtHVWROHVXEOLPyGHVXHUWHTXHOHKL]RVXSHULRUDWRGRV
7DQWRFRPRHVWRLPSRUWDODUHWyULFDH[SUHVLyQGHORVDIHFWRV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
0DWtDVGH,UDOD/DH[SUHVLyQGHODV3DVLRQHV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0DWtDVGH,UDOD0pWRGRVXFLQWR\FRPSHQGLRVRGHFLQFRVLPHWUtDV$xRGH/DH[SUHVLyQGHODV3DVLRQHV
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$3$6,Ð15$=Ð1/$7(25Ì$'(/26$)(&726(1(/7($752</$«
0DWtDVGH,UDOD/DH[SUHVLyQGHORVWHPSHUDPHQWRV=RQDFHQWUDOGHOJUDEDGR
$1721,20$57Ì1025(12
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
©6(f25$'21'(+$<0Ô6,&$1238('(+$%(5&26$
0$/$ª'4,,/$0Ô6,&$(1(/48,-27(
/DSULPHUDQRYHODPRGHUQDFRQVWLWX\HXQEDQFRGHGDWRVLQDJRWDEOHSDUD
FRQRFHU WRGDV ODV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV VRFLDOHV \ FXOWXUDOHV OLWHUDULDV \ DUWtVWLFDV
GHODpSRFDTXHUHÁHMDVXPX\YHURVtPLOGLpJHVLVOD(VSDxDGHOXPEUDOHQWUH
ORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,7DPELpQODH[SUHVLyQPXVLFDOGHQXHVWURVVLJORViXUHRV
HVWi SUHVHQWH HQ HO WH[WR FHUYDQWLQR TXH QR VyOR HV IXHQWH SDUD LQYHVWLJDU OD
P~VLFDSRSXODUGHHQWRQFHVFRPRKDELWXDOPHQWHVHKDVRVWLHQHVLQRWDPELpQ
ODP~VLFDFRUWHVDQDFXOWDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQORVHSLVRGLRVTXHVHGHVDUUROODQ
HQHO3DODFLRGHORV'XTXHV
1RPHDFHUFRDOWHPDDSDVLRQDQWHGHODP~VLFDHQHO4XLMRWHFRPRPXVLFy
ORJRTXHQRORVR\VLQRVLFDEHFRPRFHUYDQWLVWD\VREUHWRGRFRPRFRPSD
UDWLVWD8QDGHODVRULHQWDFLRQHV\DFOiVLFDVGHXQDGLVFLSOLQDFRQPX\HVFDVD
WUDGLFLyQHQWUHQRVRWURVOD/LWHUDWXUD&RPSDUDGDHVHOHVWXGLRGHODVUHODFLRQHV
HQWUHODOLWHUDWXUD\ODVRWUDVH[SUHVLRQHVDUWtVWLFDVGHODSLQWXUDRODDUTXLWHFWXUD
DODHVFXOWXUDRFDGDYH]HQPD\RUPHGLGDHOFLQH3UHFLVDPHQWHHQHO~OWLPR
WHUFLRGHOSDVDGRVLJORDGTXLULyXQQRWDEOHGHVDUUROORHQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVOD
0HOR3RpWLFDHVWXGLRWDQWRGHODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVGHODOLWHUDWXUDFRPR
GHOFRPSRQHQWHOLWHUDULRGHODREUDPXVLFDOGHODPDQRGHOSURIHVRU&DOYLQ6
6HFLWDUiVLHPSUHSRUODHGLFLyQGH)ORUHQFLR6HYLOODHG0LJXHOGH&HUYDQWHV6DDYHGUD'RQ
4XLMRWHGHOD0DQFKD0DGULG&DVWDOLDSRUVXUHFRQRFLGDVROYHQFLD(QWUHSDUpQWHVLVVHVHxDOD
OD3DUWHHOFDStWXOR\ODSiJLQD
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©6(f25$'21'(+$<0Ô6,&$1238('(+$%(5&26$0$/$ª'4,,«
%URZQGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH*HRUJLD\VXVGLVFtSXORVFRPR-HDQ/RXLV&XSHUV
-HDQ/LELV:DOWHU%HUQKDUWR8OULFK:HLVVWHLQ
3UREOHPDVFRPRODLQVSLUDFLyQPXVLFDOHQODFUHDFLyQOLWHUDULDRHOVRSRUWH
QDUUDWLYRGHODFUHDFLyQPXVLFDOODUHODFLyQGHOSRHPDOtULFRFRQODVOHWUDVGH
FDQFLRQHVORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVUHWyULFRVTXHDOXGHQDDPERVGRPLQLRVDUWtVWLFRV
PHWiIRUDVVRQRUDVHOULWPRPXVLFDOMXQWRFRQODP~VLFDFRPRWHPDOLWHUDULRVRQ
DVSHFWRVDERUGDGRVFRQULJRUSRUORVHVWXGLRVFRPSDUDWLVWDVP~VLFROLWHUDULRV
(OQDUUDGRUGHODQRYHOD\VXVSHUVRQDMHVSRUWDYRFHVGHOFULWHULRDXWRULDO
HQ~OWLPRWpUPLQR WLHQHQ XQD RSLQLyQ PX\ IDYRUDEOH GHO DUWH PXVLFDO DO TXH
VHDFXHUGDQHIHFWRVQRVyORSXUDPHQWHHVWpWLFRVVLQRLQFOXVRWHUDSpXWLFRVWDQWR
HQORItVLFRFRPRHQORDQtPLFR\VHQWLPHQWDOHQWRGRFDVRSDUD&HUYDQWHVOD
P~VLFDSURGXFH\H[SUHVDFRPRQLQJXQDRWUDPDQLIHVWDFLyQFXOWXUDORDUWtVWLFD
ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV HPRFLRQHV \ HVWDGRV DQtPLFRV 6LQ GXGD VX PX\ DFHQGUDGD
FXOWXUDFOiVLFDWHQtDSUHVHQWHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQFDWiUWLFDTXH3LWiJRUDVKL]RGHOD
P~VLFDODFXDODSDFLJXDODVSDVLRQHVHLQÁX\HVLHPSUHSRVLWLYDRQHJDWLYDPHQWH
HQORVHVWDGRVGHiQLPR
6L FRPSRQH ORV iQLPRV GHVFRPSXHVWRV HQ RSLQLyQ GH 'RURWHD HV PHGLR
LQIDOLEOHGHVHGXFFLyQSDUDHOLPSHUWLQHQWH$QVHOPRFRQVWLWX\HODPHMRUPDQL
IHVWDFLyQ\FDXVDGHUHJRFLMRHQODV%RGDVGH&DPDFKRGHOPLVPRPRGRTXH
HPSXMDDODWULVWH]DDOGHViQLPRRDOWHPRUHQORVOXFWXRVRV\IDVWXRVRVFRUWHMRV
FRQORVTXHORV'XTXHVVHEXUODQGHODDQGDQWHVFDSDUHMD
$OGHVFULELU'RURWHDODSRVLFLyQLGtOLFD\IHOLFtVLPDTXHJR]DEDHQODFDVD
SDWHUQDUHÀULpQGRVHDORVTXHKDFHUHVHQORVTXHRFXSDEDVXWLHPSR³©HMHUFLFLRV
TXH VRQ D ODV GRQFHOODV WDQ OtFLWRV FRPR QHFHVDULRVª³ FLWD MXQWR D OD OHFWXUD
GH OLEURV GHYRWRV HO HMHUFLFLR GH ©WRFDU XQD DUSDª SRUTXH ³GLFH HOOD³ ©OD
H[SHULHQFLDPHPRVWUDEDTXHODP~VLFDFRPSRQHORViQLPRVGHVFRPSXHVWRV\
DOLYLDORVWUDEDMRVTXHQDFHQGHOHVStULWXª'4HG6HYLOOD,$OLYLR
\ iQLPR DSRUWD SXHV XQ WtSLFR LQVWUXPHQWR GH ORV GH VDOD HV GHFLU SURSLRV
GHORVHVWDPHQWRVPiVFXOWRV\DFRPRGDGRVJHQHUDOPHQWHGHFXHUGDFRPRHO
OD~GODYLKXHODRHOYLROtQFX\RVDUPRQLRVRVVRQLGRVVHFDUDFWHUL]DUtDQSRUOD
©GXO]XUD\VXDYLGDGª
'DUOHP~VLFDVMXQWRFRQHVFULELUOHYHUVRV\RIUHFHUOHGLQHURV\MR\DVDFRQ
VHMD$QVHOPRDVXEXHQDPLJR/RWDULRSDUDVHGXFLUDVXSURSLDPXMHU6LWDQWR
HPSHxRSRQHHOQDUUDGRUHQGHMDUVHQWDGDODH[WUHPDYLUWXG\ÀGHOLGDGGH&DPLOD
-/&XSHUVDQG8:HLVVWHLQ0XVLFR3RHWLFVLQ3HUVSHFWLYH&DOYLQ6%URZQLQPHPRULDQ
$PVWHUGDPDQG$WODQWD5RGRSL
-iPEOLFR9LGDSLWDJyULFD0DGULG(WQRV&LWHQ0&%REHV1DYHVHWDO+LVWRULD
GHODWHRUtDOLWHUDULD,$QWLJHGDGJUHFRODWLQD0DGULG*UHGRVSiJV
9LFHQWH(VSLQHO5HODFLRQHVGHODYLGDGHOHVFXGHUR0DUFRVGH2EUHJyQ0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
HG6HYLOOD,PXFKDVHUiODFDSDFLGDGGHVHGXFLUHVStULWXVTXHSDUD
HOHVFULWRUWLHQHQODVQRWDVGHOSHQWDJUDPD
'HDFXHUGRFRQODVWHRUtDVVRVWHQLGDVSRUORVSLWDJyULFRVH[LVWLUtDXQDFR
UUHVSRQGHQFLDGHVRQHVULWPRVHLQVWUXPHQWRVFRQORVVHQWLPLHQWRVTXHGHVHDQ
H[SUHVDUVHIHQyPHQRHYLGHQWHHQHVWHIUDJPHQWRGH/D(VSDxROD,QJOHVD©1R
TXLVR 5HFDUHGR HQWUDU HQ HO SXHUWR FRQ PXHVWUDV GH DOHJUtD SRU OD PXHUWH GH
VXJHQHUDO\DVtPH]FOyODVVHxDOHVDOHJUHVFRQODVWULVWHVXQDVYHFHVVRQDEDQ
FODULQHVUHJRFLMDGRVRWUDVWURPSHWDVURQFDVXQDVWRFDEDQORVDWDPERUHVDOHJUHV
\ VREUHVDOWDGDV DUPDV D TXLHQ FRQ VHxDV WULVWHV \ ODPHQWDEOHV UHVSRQGtDQ ORV
StIDQRVª
4XL]iV OD PHMRU H[SUHVLyQ GH HVWD FRQFHSFLyQ FHUYDQWLQD GHO DUWH PXVLFDO
\VXVHIHFWRVUHFRQIRUWDQWHVSDUDHOiQLPRHVODVHQWLGD\VHQWHQFLRVDDVHUFLyQ
TXHGLULJH6DQFKRDODGXTXHVD©³6HxRUDGRQGHKD\P~VLFDQRSXHGHKDEHU
FRVDPDODª&XDQGRVXSURWHFWRUDDGXFHTXHODPLVPDYLUWXGWLHQHODFODULGDG
\ODOX]UHSOLFDHOHVFXGHURUHDÀUPDQGRVXYDORUHXIyULFRHOHWRVHXIyULFRGH
OD UHWyULFD FOiVLFD ©>«@ SHUR OD P~VLFD VLHPSUH HV LQGLFLR GH UHJRFLMRV \ GH
ÀHVWDVªHG6HYLOOD,,
(VWDLQVLVWHQFLDHVFXGHULOHQORVHIHFWRVEHQpÀFRVGHODEXHQDP~VLFDVHVLW~D
HQ XQ FRQWH[WR ELHQ SUHFLVR GHVSXpV GH TXH HO SREUH 6DQFKR KXELHVH SDVDGR
WDQWRPLHGRTXHKD\DOOHJDGRLQFOXVRDGHVPD\DUVH\HOORSRUHIHFWRWDPELpQ
GHXQDEDQGDVRQRUDPXVLFDOWDQHIHFWLVWDFRPRDWHUUDGRUDODLQWHUYHQFLyQGH
QXPHURVRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHORVOODPDGRVEpOLFRV\KHUiOGLFRVDFRPSDxDPLHQWR
HVSHFWDFXODU GH ORV LQIHUQDOHV FDUURV GRQGH WUDHQ D 'XOFLQHD HQFDQWDGD D ORV
TXHPiVWDUGHQRVUHIHULUHPRV
7DPELpQHQHVWDRFDVLyQHOQDUUDGRULQLFLDFRQWRGDSUHFLVLyQORVGLIHUHQWHV
HIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVGHHVWRVWHPLEOHVVRQHVHIHFWRVDQtPLFRVVREUHORVR\HQWHVTXH
YDQGHOSDVPR\HOVXVSHQVRDOWHPEORU\HOHVSDQWR©3DVPyVHHOGXTXHVXVSHQ
GLyVHODGXTXHVDDGPLUyVHGRQ4XLMRWHWHPEOy6DQFKR3DQ]D\ÀQDOPHQWHDXQ
ORVPLVPRVVDELGRUHVGHODFDXVDVHHVSDQWDURQª,,/DDFXPXODFLyQ
GHWDQWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVYRFHVJULWRVFDxRQD]RV\GLVSDURVGDUiFRQGRQ4XLMRWH
HQXQHVWDGRQRGHOWRGRHQWHUR\FRQ6DQFKRHQXQDVLWXDFLyQQRPX\KRQURVD
©GLRFRQpOGHVPD\DGRHQODVIDOGDVGHODGXTXHVDª,,
$QWHWDOVLWXDFLyQHVOyJLFRTXHHOHVFXGHUR\DDOLYLDGRGHVXVWHPRUHV\
VXVPLHGRVSRQJDGHUHOLHYHORTXHDKRUDR\H©XQVRQGHXQDVXDYH\FRQFHU
WDGDP~VLFDIRUPDGRFRQTXH6DQFKRVHDOHJUy\ORWXYRDEXHQDVHxDOª,,
KDFLHQGRHVDURWXQGDYDORUDFLyQGHODUWHPXVLFDOTXHGDWtWXORDHVWDV
OtQHDVGRQGHKD\P~VLFDQRSXHGHKDEHUFRVDPDOD
Anterior
1RYHODVHMHPSODUHVYROHG+DUU\6LHEHU0DGULG&iWHGUDHG
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©6(f25$'21'(+$<0Ô6,&$1238('(+$%(5&26$0$/$ª'4,,«
(QHOPXQGRÀFFLRQDOUHDOLVWDSRUHOTXHWUDQVLWDQFDEDOOHUR\HVFXGHUR
VHHVFXFKDQFDQWDUHVSRSXODUHV\VRQHVDOGHDQRVHQÀHVWDV\MROJRULRVFDPSHVL
QRVFRQVXVGDQ]DVPHORGtDVHLQVWUXPHQWRVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSXHGHQSHUFLELUVH
DGHPiVULWPRVVROHPQHV\P~VLFDVGHVDODRFHUHPRQLDTXHDFRPSDxDQDORV
IDVWRV FRUWHVDQRV GH JUDQ DSDUDWR HVSHFWDFXODU RUJDQL]DGRV D PRGR GH EXUOD
SRUODVHUYLGXPEUHGXFDO
(QWUHORPiVLQWHUHVDQWHSDUDHODVSHFWRGHODFXOWXUDPXVLFDOTXHFRQWLHQHOD
SULPHUDQRYHODPRGHUQDVHHQFXHQWUDVLQGXGDHOFRPSOHWRFDWiORJRGHLQVWUX
PHQWRVPXVLFDOHVXVXDOHVHQQXHVWUD(GDGGH2URTXHVHFLWDQFRQVXVGLYHUVRV
\HTXtYRFRVQRPEUHVHQHOWH[WRWUHLQWD\GRVHQWRWDO$SDUHFHQLQVWUXPHQWRV
GHFXHUGDGHYLHQWR\GHSHUFXVLyQEpOLFRV\KHUiOGLFRVPLQLVWULOHV\YXOJDUHV
GHFDOOH\GHVDODFRUWHVDQRV\SDVWRULOHVGHWHFOD\DFRURVGHDFXHUGRFRQ
ODKHWHURJpQHDWLSRORJtDIXQFLRQDO\GLUtDPRVVRFLRODERUDOTXHVHXVDEDHQOD
pSRFD1LTXHGHFLUWLHQHTXHHQHVWHVHQWLGRODGLpJHVLVUHDOLVWDGHO4XLMRWH
DSRUWDGDWRVGHLQWHUpVSDUDHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\FODULÀFDFLyQGHHVRVLQVWUXPHQWRV
EXHQDSDUWHGHHOORV\DGHVDSDUHFLGRV7DOFRPRYHUHPRVQDUUDGRU\SHUVRQDMHV
PDQLÀHVWDQIDPLOLDULGDGFRQHVWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVSHURWDPELpQGXGDV
YDFLODFLRQHV\KDVWDHTXLYRFDFLRQHVVREUHODFRPSOHMD\GLVSDUGHQRPLQDFLyQ
VREUH ODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV \ IRUPDV HQ TXH VH WRFDEDQ VXV IXQFLRQHV SUHFLVDV
DJUXSDFLRQHV\HMHFXWDQWHV
(QHOFDStWXOR;,;GHOD6HJXQGD3DUWHVHLQWURGXFHQODVSULPHUDVQRWLFLDV
GH OR TXH YDQ D VHU ODV %RGDV GHO ULFR &DPDFKR DQXQFLDGDV FRPR ©XQD GH
ODVPHMRUHVERGDV\PiVULFDVTXHKDVWDHOGtDGHKR\VHKDQFHOHEUDGRHQOD
0DQFKDª/RVHVSRQVDOHVVRQIHVWHMDGRVHQHIHFWRFRQXQ©DSDUDWRªFDOLÀFDGR
FRPR ©HVWUDRUGLQDULR \ QXHYRª FRQVLVWHQWH HQ HVHQFLD HQ UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV \
GDQ]DV GH HVSDGDV GH FDVFDEHOHV \ GH ]DSDWHDGRUHV HG 6HYLOOD ,, EDLOHVUHFLWDGRVFRPSRVLFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVH©LQYHQFLRQHVªYDULDV
-03D]*DJR6HPLyWLFDGHO4XLMRWH7HRUtD\SUiFWLFDGHODÀFFLyQQDUUDWLYD$PVWHUGDP
\$WODQWD5RGRSL9pDVHDHVWHUHVSHFWRHOFDStWXOR)LFFLyQSiJV
3 5H\ ©1RPLQDOLD ,QVWUXPHQWRV PXVLFDOHV HQ OD OLWHUDWXUD HVSDxROD GHVGH ©/D &HOHVWLQDª
KDVWD©(O&ULWLFyQªª,(QFXHQWUR7RPiV/XLVGH9LFWRULD\OD0~VLFDHVSDxRODGHOVLJOR
;9,/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVHQHOVLJOR;9,ÉYLOD)XQGDFLyQ&XOWXUDO6DQWD7HHUHVDSiJV
5H\H[SRQHFRQ FODULGDGHOSUREOHPDWHUPLQROyJLFRTXH DIHFWDWDQWRD ORV LQVWUXPHQWRVHQ Vt
FRPRDVXVDJUXSDFLRQHV\FODVLÀFDFLRQHV©1RWHQGUtDPXFKRVHQWLGRRUJDQL]DUHVWHPDWHULDOVHJ~QORV
FULWHULRVItVLFRVDFWXDOPHQWHHQXVRSXHVWRTXHQRWUDEDMDPRVFRQLQVWUXPHQWRVREMHWRVLQRFRQQRPEUHV
GHDOJXQRVGHORVFXDOHVGHVFRQRFHPRVHOVLJQLÀFDGRH[DFWR$XWGHÀQH\FODVLÀFDDVtORVLQVWUXPHQWRV
PXVLFDOHV&XDOTXLHUPiTXLQDRDUWLÀFLRKHFKR\GLVSXHVWRSDUDFDXVDUKDUPRQtDRFRQGLYHUVLGDGGH
FXHUGDVGLVSXHVWDV\WHPSODGDVSURSRUFLRQDOPHQWHFRPRHO+DUSDRFRQODFRPSUHVLyQGHOYLHQWRFRQ
ODVPLVPDVSURSRUFLRQHVFRPRHO&ODUtQRPHGLDQWHJROSHRSXOVDFLyQFRPROD&DPSDQD2VHDYLHQWR
FXHUGD\SHUFXVLyQ3UHÀHURODVDJUXSDFLRQHVTXHRIUHFHQORVGRFXPHQWRVPLVPRVPiVGHDFXHUGRFRQ
ODPHQWDOLGDGGHODpSRFDTXHVHÀMDPiVHQODIXQFLRQDOLGDGTXHHQODItVLFDGHOVRQLGR(OUHVXOWDGRQR
HVXQDFODVLÀFDFLyQFHUUDGDVLQRXQDVHULHGHDJUXSDPLHQWRVPDUFDGRVSRUHOXVRVHJ~QORVDPELHQWHV
HQTXHDFW~DFDGDLQVWUXPHQWRTXHSXHGHQVHUYDULRVª
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
/DHQWUDGDHQHOHVFHQDULRFDPSHVWUHGHHVWDVHVSOpQGLGDVERGDVFDPSHVLQDV
YLHQH DQXQFLDGD SRU HO DFRPSDxDPLHQWR PXVLFDO H[SUHVLyQ DTXt FRPR YHQL
PRVGLFLHQGRGHLQHTXtYRFDDOHJUtDIHVWLYD3DUWLFLSDXQDVHULHGHDOPHQRV
LQVWUXPHQWRV WtSLFRV GH ODV FHOHEUDFLRQHV SRSXODUHV U~VWLFDV FLWDGRV FRQ WRGD
SUHFLVLyQ ©2\HURQ DVLPLVPR FRQIXVRV \ VXDYHV VRQLGRV GH GLYHUVRV LQVWUX
PHQWRVFRPRGHÁDXWDVWDPERULQRVVDOWHULRVDOERJXHVSDQGHURV\VRQDMDVª
HG6HYLOOD,,
(VWRV\RWURVLQVWUXPHQWRVSRSXODUHV\SDVWRULOHVYXOJDUHV\U~VWLFRVHUDQ
IDPLOLDUHVD&HUYDQWHVTXHORVFLWDWDQWRHQODVERGDVGH'DUDQLR\6LOYHULDHQ
/D *DODWHD ,,, FRPR HQ WRQR SDUyGLFR HVWD YH] HQ (O FRORTXLR GH ORV SH
UURV«&RPR\DKHPRVVHxDODGRDTXtHVSHFLDOPHQWHODP~VLFDVHLGHQWLÀFDFRQ
ODH[SUHVLyQGHORVVHQWLPLHQWRVDOHJUHV\MRYLDOHVTXHFDXVDQORVHVSRQVDOHV
©/RVP~VLFRVHUDQORVUHJRFLMDGRUHVGHODERGDTXHHQGLYHUVDVFXDGULOODVSRU
DTXHODJUDGDEOHVLWLRDQGDEDQXQRVEDLODQGR\RWURVFDQWDQGR\RWURVWRFDQGR
ODGLYHUVLGDGGHORVUHIHULGRVLQVWUXPHQWRVªHG6HYLOOD,,
7UDVODSUHVHQWDFLyQGHODVYLDQGDVGHOEDQTXHWHTXHIRFDOL]DODDWHQFLyQGH
6DQFKRDWUDYpVGHFX\RVRMRVVHQRVSUHVHQWDKDFHQVXDSDULFLyQORVJUXSRV
GHGDQ]DQWHVXQRGHORVFXDOHVHQWUDDO©VRQGHXQDJDLWD]DPRUDQDªPLHQWUDV
TXH D RWUD FXDGULOOD DOHJyULFD ©+DFtDQOHV HO VRQ FXDWUR GLHVWURV WDxHGRUHV GH
WDPERULO \ ÁDXWDª HG 6HYLOOD ,, 6LQ GXGD VH WUDWD GH XQ JUXSR GH
PLQLVWULOHVORVTXHDFRPSDxDQHVWDGDQ]DGHDUWLÀFLRKDEODGDHQODTXHLQWHU
YLHQHQQLQIDVGDQ]DQGR\UHFLWDQGRFRSODVHQWUHVRQ\VRQGHORVWDPERULQRV
HG6HYLOOD,,\
'H HVWRV VLHWH LQVWUXPHQWRV FLWDGRV PHGLDQWH ODV GHQRPLQDFLRQHV SUR
SLDVGHODpSRFDGHODPD\RUtDGHORVFXDOHVSRFRVDEHPRVFRQH[DFWLWXGKR\
TXL]iVHOPiVSUREOHPiWLFR\FXULRVRVHDODJDLWD]DPRUDQD8QDOHFWXUDSRFR
UHÁH[LYDOOHYDD)UDQFLVFR5LFRDGHÀQLUHVWHLQVWUXPHQWRFRPRXQD©ÁDXWDGH
GREOHWXERSDUHFLGDDORERHªHG5LFRQHUURUGHEXOWRVL
SHQVDPRVTXHFRQIXQGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHFXHUGDTXHHVGHORTXHVHWUDWDHQ
UHDOLGDGFRQXQRGHYLHQWR
&LHUWDPHQWHVHXWLOL]DEDHOJHQpULFRJDLWDQRVyORSDUDODVWtSLFDVYDULHGDGHV
GHODJDLWDJDOOHJDVLQRWDPELpQSDUDODVÁDXWDVVLQSHOOHMRRIXHOOHVHPHMDQWHV
DODFKLULPtDTXHDFRPSDxDEDQDOWDPERULOHQODVÀHVWDVDOGHDQDVFRPRODTXH
VH GHVFULEH DTXt SHUR HOOR QR MXVWLÀFD HVWD FRQIXVLyQ FRQ OD JDLWD ]DPRUDQD
PX\GLIHUHQWH6HWUDWDGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHORVP~VLFRVFLHJRV
HPSDUHQWDGRFRQODFKLQIRQtDRVLQIRQtDWDOFRPRDSXQWD3HSH5H\
DGXFLHQGRWH[WRVGH4XLxRQHVGH%HQDYHQWH\GH9pOH]GH*XHYDUD©)XHURQ
XQRVFLHJRV\XQDJDLWD]DPRUDQDTXHPX\FHUFDGHDOOtVHUHFRJtDQª
/XLV9pOH] GH *XHYDUD (O 'LDEOR &RMXHOR 1RYHOD GH OD RWUD YLGD 7UDGXFLGD D pVWD SRU«
0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©6(f25$'21'(+$<0Ô6,&$1238('(+$%(5&26$0$/$ª'4,,«
(QODVDEXOWDGDVQRWDVGHOYROXPHQFRPSOHPHQWDULRGHODHGLFLyQGH&UtWLFD
VHFLWD$XWRULGDGHVHQDFHSFLRQHVGHJDLWDTXHQLDSRUWDQQDGD
QL UHVXHOYHQ OD FRQIXVLyQ$ SDUWLU GH OD DÀUPDFLyQ FLHUWD GH TXH OD JDLWD ]D
PRUDQDQDGDWLHQHTXHYHUFRQODVJDLWDVGHSHOOHMRJDOOHJDVVHGHVFULEHpVWD
FRPRXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHFDxDGREOHFRUWR\DQFKRGHVRQLGRGXUR\SHQHWUDQ
WHVHPHMDQWHDODGXO]DLQDYLQFXOiQGRORJHRJUiÀFDPHQWHFRQHOPXQGRiUDEH
$UJHOLD\0DUUXHFRVTXHHYLGHQWHPHQWHQDGDWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQODVLWXDFLyQ
JHRJUiÀFDGH=DPRUD
/DVLOXVWUDFLRQHVHVFDVDV\PX\HVTXHPiWLFDVGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFD
OHV GH OD pSRFD QR LQFOX\HQ PiV TXH FXDWUR LQVWUXPHQWRV GH YLHQWR FKLULPtD
FKXUDPEHOD \ GXO]DLQD YDULHGDGHV GH ÁDXWD \ HO VDFDEXFKH \ VyOR WUHV GH
FXHUGDOD~GYLKXHOD\UDEHO/ODPDODDWHQFLyQTXHQRVHFLWHQLVHLOXVWUHQL
XQRVRORGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVFLWDGRVHQORVSDVDMHVGHOD%RGDVGH&DPDFKR
&RYDUUXELDVTXL]iVODIXHQWHLJQRWDGHODHTXtYRFDQRWDGH5LFRGHÀQHODJD\WD
FRPRLQVWUXPHQWRGHYLHQWRFRQRGUH\ERUGRQHVFLWDQGRODVPHQFLRQDGDVJDLWDV
]DPRUDQDVFRPRUHQRPEUDGDVHQ(VSDxDSHURVLQGHVFULELUODVORFXDOQRGHEH
OOHYDUQRVDLGHQWLÀFDUODVFRQÁDXWDVFRQRGUHFRPRVXJLHUH5H\
/D JDLWD ]DPRUDQD HUD XQ LQVWUXPHQWR GH FXHUGD \ URGLOOR ELHQ FRQRFLGR
HQHIHFWRHQOD3HQtQVXOD7DOFRPRUH]DODWHUFHUDHQWUDGDGHODYR]JDLWDHQ
$XWRULGDGHVODTXHFRUUHVSRQGHSURSLDPHQWHDOLQVWUXPHQWRTXHVHFLWDHQHVWH
SDVDMHGHO4XLMRWHVHWUDWDGHXQFDMRQFLOORUHFWDQJXODUVHPHMDQWHDOGHODVJXL
WDUUDVHQFX\RLQWHULRUVHVLW~DXQDUXHGDTXHDOPRYLPLHQWRGHXQDPDQLYHOD
GHKLHUURFLJHxDRSULPHODVFXHUGDVJUDFLDVDXQWHFODGRGLVSXHVWRDOHIHFWR
SDUDSURGXFLUVXVVRQLGRVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRV
7RGRKDFHSHQVDUTXHODJDLWD]DPRUDQDFRPRKHPRVGLFKRSHUWHQHFHDOD
IDPLOLDGHODVLQIRQLDVDQIRQD]DQIRxDR]DQIRQDWDQLPSRUWDQWHSDUDMXJODUHV\
WURYDGRUHV\HQJHQHUDOSDUDWRGDODOtULFDGHORVFDQFLRQHURVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHOD
JDOOHJRSRUWXJXHVD,QVWUXPHQWRUHFXSHUDGR\HVWXGLDGRSRU)DXVWLQR6DQWDOLFHV
HQVX(VER]RGH0pWRGRUHODWLYRDHVWHDQFHVWUDOLQVWUXPHQWR\EUHYHHVWXGLR
KLVWyULFROLWHUDULR\WpFQLFRFRQHVTXHPDVHLOXVWUDFLRQHVSDUDVXDSUHQGL]DMH
/XJRHOPXVLFyORJRJDOOHJRWUD]DVXKLVWRULDGHVGHXQRVOHMDQRVRUtJHQHV
HQHOVLJORRQFHQR\VXSRSXODUL]DFLyQFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRSROLIyQLFRGHFXHUGD
FRQWHFODVPyYLOHV\PDQLYHODKDVWDVXSRVWHULRUGHJUDGDFLyQDSDUWLUGHOVLJOR
;9HQTXHTXHGDUtDUHOHJDGRDORVFLHJRV\P~VLFRVDPEXODQWHV
$ 6DOD]DU ©0~VLFD LQVWUXPHQWRV \ GDQ]DV HQ ODV REUDV GH &HUYDQWHVª 1XHYD 5HYLVWD GH
)LORORJtD +LVSiQLFD ,, SiJV \ SiJ 9pDVH WDPELpQ GHO PLVPR DXWRU /D
P~VLFDHQ&HUYDQWHV\RWURVHQVD\RV0DGULGÌQVXOD
'LFFLRQDULRGHOD/HQJXDFDVWHOODQDHQTXHVHH[SOLFDHOYHUGDGHURVHQWLGRGHODVYRFHVVX
QDWXUDOH]D\FDOLGDG«0DGULG(GIDFV0DGULG*UHGRV
) 6DQWDOLFHV /D ]DQIRQD (VER]R GH 0pWRGR UHODWLYR D HVWH DQFHVWUDO LQVWUXPHQWR \ EUHYH
HVWXGLRKLVWyULFROLWHUDULR\WpFQLFRFRQHVTXHPDVHLOXVWUDFLRQHVSDUDVXDSUHQGL]DMH/XJRHG
IDFV9LJR,U,QGRSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
'HWRGRVPRGRVODVRPEUDGHODGXGDVHFLHUQHVREUHODGHQRPLQDFLyQFHU
YDQWLQDGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRQRGHPDVLDGRIUHFXHQWHHQHVWHWLSRGHIHVWHMRVU~VWL
FRV¢6HWUDWDGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRDÁDXWDGRRDJXLWDUUDGRGHYLHQWRRGHFXHUGD"
$XQTXHFRQRFHELHQORVDFRPSDxDPLHQWRVPXVLFDOHVGHVXpSRFD&HUYDQWHVQR
HVGHPDVLDGRH[DFWRHQVXVGHÀQLFLRQHVHLQFOXVRVHHTXLYRFDHQDOJXQDRFDVLyQ
/RQRUPDOHQORVUHJRFLMRVFDPSHVLQRVHUDHIHFWLYDPHQWHODFRPELQDFLyQGH
LQVWUXPHQWRVGHSHUFXVLyQWDPERULO\GHYLHQWRÁDXWDGXO]DLQDRERH«FRPR
RFXUUHHQODGDQ]DGHDUWLÀFLRKDEODGD(VHVWRORTXHVLQGXGDKDFHSHQVDUHQ
TXH OD PLVWHULRVD JDLWD ]DPRUDQD HV ©HO UHJRFLMDGRU \ FKLOOyQ RERH SDVWRULOª
GHO WLSR GH OD GXO]DLQD FRPR OR GHÀQH HQ XQ SULPHU VHQWLGR )HOLSH 3HGUHOO
'H WRGRV PRGRV QR KD\ TXH DFRUGDU GHPDVLDGD YHURVLPLOLWXG DO FRPSRVLWRU
\PXVLFyORJRFDWDOiQTXLHQSDUDGHVDUUROODUODVHJXQGDDFHSFLyQDTXHOODTXH
HPSDUHQWD OD JDLWD ]DPRUDQD FRQ OD ]DQIRQD LEpULFD R OD YLHOOH IUDQFHVD VH
OLPLWDDUHSURGXFLUODWDQWDVYHFHVFLWDGDPHFiQLFDPHQWHDFHSFLyQWHUFHUDGH
$XWRULGDGHVDxDGLHQGRXQRVSRFRVGDWRVWpFQLFRV
(O KHFKR GH TXH HO LQVWUXPHQWR VH FLWH VROR VLQ DFRPSDxDPLHQWR GH SHU
FXVLyQ QRV LQGLFD D ODV FODUDV TXH VH WUDWD GHO YLHMR LQVWUXPHQWR SROLIyQLFR
VXUJLGRGHXQDOHMDQDVLPSOLÀFDFLyQGHORUJDQLVWUXPPHGLHYDOSDUDFRQYHUWLUOR
HQXQLQVWUXPHQWRPDQHMDEOHSDUDXQDVRODSHUVRQDTXHSRGtDDOPLVPRWLHPSR
SXOVDUODVWHFODVPyYLOHV\SRQHUHQPRYLPLHQWRODPDQLYHOD&RQHOWLHPSROD
JDLWD ]DPRUDQD IXH SRSXODUL]iQGRVH KDVWD VHU XWLOL]DGD SRU FLHJRV \ P~VLFRV
DPEXODQWHVTXHELHQSRGtDQVHUOODPDGRVDSDUWLFLSDUHQIHVWHMRVFDPSHVWUHVGH
FLHUWDLPSRUWDQFLDFRPRODVERGDVGHXQODEUDGRUSXGLHQWHHOULFR&DPDFKR
7DPSRFRKD\DFXHUGRHQSUHFLVDUORTXHIXHVHH[DFWDPHQWHHOVDOWHULRFODYL
FRUGLRSDUDXQRV\ÁDXWDSDURWURVORVFpOHEUHVDOERJXHVLQVWUXPHQWRGHYLHQWR
SDUDORVPiV\HVSHFLHGHSODWLOORVFRPRODVVRQDMDV\FKDSDVSDUDHOSURSLR
GRQ4XLMRWH(QODSVHXGRHUXGLWDGHVFULSFLyQTXHKDFHHOFDEDOOHURDSUHJXQWD
GH6DQFKRGRQ4XLMRWHVHKDFHSDVDUSRUPXVLFyORJRDÀFLRQDGRFXDQGRHQHO
FDStWXORGHOD6HJXQGD3DUWHGHFLGHWUDVODGDUVHDOXQLYHUVROLWHUDULRSDVWRULO
SDUDSDVDUSXQWR\VHJXLGRDHMHUFHUGHLPSURYLVDGRÀOyORJR
'HVFULEHHQFODYHPX\PXVLFDOHVHQXHYRPXQGRGHDGRSFLyQLPDJLQDULD
FLWDQGRGHQXHYRORVLQVWUXPHQWRVSDVWRULOHVPiVXVXDOHVFDVLWRGRVPHQFLRQDGRV
\DHQODV%RGDV©£9iODPH'LRV³GLMRGRQ4XLMRWH³\TXpYLGDQRVKHPRV
GHGDU6DQFKRDPLJR£4XpGHFKXUXPEHODVKDQGHOOHJDUDQXHVWURVRtGRVTXp
GHJDLWDV]DPRUDQDVTXpWDPERULQRV\TXpGHVRQDMDV\TXpGHUDEHOHV3XHV
£TXp VL GHVWDV GLIHUHQFLDV GH P~VLFDV UHVXHQD OD GH ORV DOERJXHV$OOt VH YHUi
FDVLWRGRVORVLQVWUXPHQWRVSDVWRUDOHVªHG6HYLOOD,,
'LFFLRQDULR WpFQLFR GH OD P~VLFD %DUFHORQD ,VLGRUR 7RUUHV 2ULRO VD HG IDFV 9DOHQFLD
6HUYLFLRGHUHSURGXFFLyQGHOLEURV3DULV9DOHFLD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©6(f25$'21'(+$<0Ô6,&$1238('(+$%(5&26$0$/$ª'4,,«
$ODSUHJXQWDGH6DQFKRVREUHTXpVHDQORVDOERJXHVUHVSRQGHFRQFLHUWD
VHJXULGDGGHÀQLFLRQDO©XQDVFKDSDVDPRGRGHFDQGHOHURVGHD]yIDUTXHGDQGR
XQDFRQRWUDSRUORYDFtR\KXHFRKDFHXQVRQVLQRPX\DJUDGDEOHQLDUPyQLFR
QRGHVFRQWHQWD\YLHQHELHQFRQODUXVWLFLGDGGHODJDLWD\HOWDPERUtQ\HVWH
QRPEUHDOERJXHVHVPRULVFRǻ6LQGXGDVHHTXLYRFDQXHVWURSURWDJRQLVWDGH
LQVWUXPHQWR\FRQIXQGHORTXHHVXQDHVSHFLHGHÁDXWDGHYLHQWRHQWRGRFDVR
FRQXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHSHUFXVLyQVHPHMDQWHDORVSODWLOORVTXL]iVSRUVXYHFLQGDG
WH[WXDOFRQSDQGHURV\VRQDMDV
0X\GLIHUHQWHVVRQODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVTXHVHGDQHQRWURGH
ORVQ~FOHRVQDUUDWLYRV\HVSDFLDOHVGHOD6HJXQGD3DUWHGRQGHOXJDU\FLUFXQV
WDQFLDVHMHFXWDQWHVHLQVWUXPHQWRVSDVDQGHOUHJLVWURU~VWLFRSDVWRULODOFRUWHVDQR
FXOWR HQ HO TXH VH XVDQ IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH LQVWUXPHQWRV EpOLFRV KHUiOGLFRV \
GH VDOD WRGRV HOORV SURSLRV GH OD P~VLFD FHUHPRQLDO TXH VROtD DFRPSDxDU ORV
IDVWRVFRUWHVDQRV
/D SULPHUD QRFKH TXH SDVD OD DQGDQWHVFD SDUHMD HQ ODV SRVHVLRQHV GH ORV
GXTXHVKDFHQVXDSDULFLyQYDULRVFDUURVLQIHUQDOHV\WULXQIDOHVFRQHODFRPSD
xDPLHQWR LQVWUXPHQWDO FDUDFWHUtVWLFR GH HVWDV SDUDGDV FHUHPRQLRVDV HQ TXH VH
XVDED OD RUTXHVWDFLyQ EpOLFD HQ IXQFLRQHV GLJDPRV FLYLOHV ©\ OXHJR VH R\H
URQ«LQÀQLWDVFRUQHWDV\RWURVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHJXHUUDFRPRGHPXFKDVWURSDV
GHFDEDOOHUtDTXHSRUHOERVTXHSDVDED/DOX]GHOIXHJRHOVRQGHORVEpOLFRV
LQVWUXPHQWRVFDVLFHJDURQ\DWURQDURQORVRMRV\ORVRtGRVGHORVFLUFXQVWDQWHV«
6RQDURQWURPSHWDV\FODULQHVUHWXPEDURQWDPERUHVUHVRQDURQStIDURVFDVLWRGRV
DXQWLHPSRǻ,,
&RPR LQGLFD DFHUWDGDPHQWH 5H\ ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV EpOLFRV PX\ VRQRURV \
UXLGRVRVVHGHQRPLQDQKHUiOGLFRVFXDQGRVRQXVDGRVIXHUDGHODVEDWDOODV\HQ
WLHPSRGHSD](VWDSOiVWLFD\PX\VRQRUDGHVFULSFLyQFHUYDQWLQDDGHPiVGH
HVSHFLÀFDUVXWLSRORJtDFLWDODVGRVFRPELQDFLRQHVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
GH OD P~VLFD KHUiOGLFD FRUQHWDVWURPSHWDV PiV XQ LQVWUXPHQWR GH SHUFXVLyQ
DTXtVHFLWDQORVWDPERUHVDWDPERUHVRDWDPEDOHVSRGUtDQVHUHQFRPSDxtDGH
ODVLJXLHQWHSRVLELOLGDGORVStIDURVÁDXWDVGHVRQLGRPX\DJXGRTXHVLHPSUH
DSDUHFHQFRQFDMDV\DWDPERUHVQXQFDVRORV
(QHVHERVTXHQRFWXUQRFXDQGRODQRFKHVHFLHUUDWRGDYtDPiVVHFLWDRWUD
OLVWDGHHVWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVEpOLFRVHQIXQFLyQKHUiOGLFDDFRPSDxDQGRHOFRUWHMR
I~QHEUHGHODHQFDQWDGD'XOFLQHDFRUQHWDVFXHUQRVERFLQDVFODULQHVWURPSHWDV
\ORVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVGHSHUFXVLyQORVWDPERUHV,,(OHVWUXHQGRHV
WDOTXHSURYRFDORVHIHFWRV\DFRPHQWDGRVWDQWRHQ'RQ4XLMRWH\6DQFKRFRPR
HQHOUHVWRGHORVSUHVHQWHV
/D FRPELQDFLyQ DMXVWDGD GH StIDUR \ WDPERU YXHOYH D DSDUHFHU PiV DGH
ODQWH FXDQGR KDFH VX HQWUDGD HO HVFXGHUR GH OD FRQGHVD 7ULIDOGL 7ULIDOGtQ HO
GHOD%DUED%ODQFD©/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVKHUiOGLFRVSURGXFHQHVWDYH]XQQXHYR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
HIHFWRHQHOHVWDGRGHiQLPRGHODXGLWRULRTXHVHLQFOLQDFRQHVWRVVRQHVDOD
WULVWH]D«VHR\yHOVRQWULVWtVLPRGHXQStIDUR\HOGHXQURQFR\GHVWHPSODGR
WDPERU7RGRVPRVWUDURQDOERURWDUVHFRQODFRQIXVDPDUFLDO\WULVWHDUPRQtDǻ
6DQFKRDWHPRUL]DGRYXHOYHDUHIXJLDUVHHQODVIDOGDVGHODGXTXHVD©SRUTXH
UHDO \ YHUGDGHUDPHQWH HO VRQ TXH VH HVFXFKDED HUD WULVWtVLPR \ PHODQFyOLFRª
,,
&RPRVLHPSUHORVHMHFXWDQWHVVHYLVWHQHQFRQFRUGDQFLDFRQORVLQVWUXPHQWRV
\ORVVHQWLPLHQWRVWULVWHVRDOHJUHVTXHSURGXFHQ©YLHURQHQWUDUSRUHOMDUGtQ
DGHODQWHGRVKRPEUHVYHVWLGRVGHOXWR«pVWRVYHQtDQWRFDQGRGRVJUDQGHVWDP
ERUHVDVLPLVPRFXELHUWRVGHQHJUR$VXODGRYHQtDHOStIDURQHJUR\SL]PLHQWR
FRPRORVGHPiVª,,(QWRGRPRPHQWRODVHQWUDGDV\VDOLGDVGHOD
FRQGHVD\VXHVFXGHURYHQGUiQPDUFDGDVSRUHOWRTXHGHOStIDUR\ORVWDPERUHV
,,\\
/DLGHDFHUYDQWLQDGHORVVHQWLPLHQWRV\HVWDGRVDQtPLFRVSURYRFDGRVHQHO
DXGLWRULRSRU GHWHUPLQDGDVDVRFLDFLRQHVGH LQVWUXPHQWRV\ VXV VRQLGRV FDUDF
WHUtVWLFRVQRHUDRULJLQDOHQODpSRFD\VHKDPDQWHQLGRLQFOXVRKDVWDODpSRFD
FRQWHPSRUiQHD7DOHVLGHDVVHH[SRQHQSRUHMHPSORHQXQWUDWDGRWDQHFOpFWLFR
FRPR/DV,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVÀORVyÀFDVVREUHODEHOOH]DLGHDOUHGDFWDGRHQ,WDOLD
SRUHOÀOyORJR\PXVLFyORJR(VWHEDQGH$UWHDJDTXLHQVLQWHWL]DDGPLUDEOHPHQWH
HVWDVWHVLVPDQWHQLGDVGHVGHHOEDUURFRKDVWDHOURPDQWLFLVPR'HVGHXQSXQWRGH
YLVWDWtSLFDPHQWHVHWHQFLVWD$UWHDJDSURSRQHHQHIHFWRXQDHVWpWLFDVLQFUpWLFD
TXHSDUDGyMLFDPHQWHWUDWDGHFRQFRUGDUODWHRUtDDULVWRWpOLFDGHODPtPHVLVFRQ
ODWHRUtDSODWyQLFDGHODEHOOH]DLGHDO
$Vt DO H[SRQHU VXV GXGDV VREUH OD QDWXUDOH]D PLPpWLFD GHO DUWH PXVLFDO
HMHPSOLÀFD FRQ HO SRVLEOH DFRPSDxDPLHQWR LQVWUXPHQWDO GHO VXLFLGLR GH 'LGR
DÀUPDQGRTXHORVPHGLRVSDUDH[SUHVDU©HOLQIHOL]HVWDGRGHOFRUD]yQPXMHULO
HQWDQKRUURURVDVLWXDFLyQQRSXHGHQVHURWURVTXHYDOHUVHGHFXHUGDVEDMDVTXH
SURGX]FDQXQUXLGRVRUGRDOWHUDGR\FRQIXVRGHUHIRU]DUHOVRQLGRODVWLPHUR\
SDWpWLFRGHFLHUWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVǻ
/DVWHVLVTXH$UWHDJDKDEtDGHVDUUROODGRFRQPD\RUH[WHQVLyQHQVXV5HYROX
FLRQHVGHOWHDWURP~VLFRLWDOLDQRFLIUDQHQODPHORGtDHVDSRVLELOLGDGGHPRYHU
©ORVDIHFWRVGHTXLHQHVFXFKDªGHH[FLWDU©DOJXQDLGHDSDVLyQRLPDJHQFRPR
VXFHGHFXDQGRVHH[SUHVDHO]XPELGRGHOYLHQWRHOHVWDPSLGRGHORVWUXHQRV
HODOERURWRGHXQDEDWDOODRFRVDVHPHMDQWHǻ(YRFDODREUDGH,VDDF9RVLR
,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVÀORVyÀFDVVREUHODEHOOH]DLGHDOFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRREMHWRGHWRGDVODVDUWHV
GHLPLWDFLyQ0DGULG$QWRQLRGH6DQFKD,PSUHVRU2EUD&RPSOHWD&DVWHOODQD/D%HOOH]DLGHDO
(VFULWRVPHQRUHVHG0%DWOORUL0DGULG(VSDVD&DOSHSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
©6(f25$'21'(+$<0Ô6,&$1238('(+$%(5&26$0$/$ª'4,,«
SDUDVLWXDUWDPELpQHQHOULWPR©HOIHOL]DFXHUGR\XQLyQHQWUHORVPRYLPLHQWRV
GHODVSDVLRQHV\ORVULWPRVP~VLFRV\SRpWLFRVª
(QHOFDStWXORDQWHULRUQXHVWURVRtGRVKDQSHUFLELGRXQQXHYRJUXSRIXQFLRQDO
GHLQVWUXPHQWRVORVTXHSURGXFHQHVDP~VLFDDJUDGDEOH\SODFHQWHUDTXHWDQWR
KDWUDQTXLOL]DGR\DOHJUDGRDOSREUH6DQFKR©FKLULPtDVDUSDV\OD~GHVª,,
\WRGRVHOORVPHQRVVRQRURV\UXLGRVRVPiVDUPRQLRVRV\VXDYHV
'H QXHYR HVH SDUDOHOLVPR HQWUH HO VRQ GH FLHUWRV LQVWUXPHQWRV \ HO HVWDGR GH
iQLPRGHOR\HQWHTXHHQHVWDRFDVLyQSDVDGHWHPHURVR\FRQWULVWDGRDDOHJUH
\FRQÀDGR
6H WUDWD GH LQVWUXPHQWRV GH VDOD \ GH FRUWH TXH HUDQ WRFDGRV HQ iPELWRV
SDODFLHJRV SDUD SHUVRQDMHV GH DOFXUQLD 1R HV H[DFWR GHFLU TXH HUDQ ©SURSLRV
GHÀHVWDªFRPRDSXQWDHQQRWD5LFR,,QSXHVORVLQVWUXPHQWRV
SDVWRULOHVVRQORVPiVSURSLRVGHORVIHVWHMRV\MROJRULRVFDPSHVLQRV/RGHÀ
QLGRUGHHVWHFRQMXQWRLQVWUXPHQWDOHVVXFRQGLFLyQGHLQVWUXPHQWRVGHP~VLFD
FXOWD SRU HOOR PiV DJUDGDEOH \ FRUWHVDQD R GH VDOD TXH DFRPSDxDQ DO FDUUR
WULXQIDOGH'XOFLQHD8QLQVWUXPHQWRGHYLHQWRODFKLULPtD\GRVLQVWUXPHQWRV
GHFXHUGDHOOD~G\HODUSDSURGXFHQXQDPHORGtDFDUDFWHUL]DGDSDUD9LFHQWH
(VSLQHOSRUVX©GXO]XUD\VXDYLGDGª
7DOFRPRLQGLFD5H\ODVFKLULPtDVIRUPDQSDUWHGHORVFRQMXQWRVGHPLQLVWULOHV
DOVHUYLFLRGHJUDQGHVVHxRUHVRFDELOGRVFDWHGUDOLFLRV(UDQHPSOHDGDVFRPR
DFRPSDxDPLHQWRGHODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHOSRGHURDOPHQRVDODRVWHQWDFLyQ
GHFLHUWDGLJQLGDGWDOFRPRRFXUUHHQHVWHFDVR8QDGHODVHVFHQDVFXOPLQDQWHV
GHHVWDSDUDGDHVSHFWDFXODUTXHRUJDQL]DODLQJHQLRVDVHUYLGXPEUHGHORVGXTXHV
HOFDUURWULXQIDOGH'XOFLQHDKDHQWUDGRFRQWRGDVXPDMHVWXRVLGDG©DOFRPSiV
GHODDJUDGDEOHP~VLFDª\VHYDFRQQRPHQRVYLVWRVLGDGSURFODPDQGRODDOHJUtD
GHOGHVHQFDQWDPLHQWRHQYLUWXGGHODDFHSWDGDSHQLWHQFLDVDQFKHVFD
(OHIHFWLVPRWULXQIDOGHODHVFHQD\GHVXEDQGDVRQRUDOOHJDDOFOtPD[HQ
HVWHÀQDOGHOFDStWXORGHOD6HJXQGD3DUWHXQDYHUGDGHUDH[SORVLyQGHDOH
JUtD\RSWLPLVPR©$SHQDVGLMRHVWDV~OWLPDVSDODEUDV6DQFKRFXDQGRYROYLyD
2SFLW SiJV \ /D REUD GH PXVLFRORJtDTXH PiV IDPD GLR D HVWH SROpPLFRMHVXLWD
H[SXOVRIXHURQODV5LYROX]LRQLGHOWHDWURPXVLFDOHLWDOLDQRYROV%RORQLDHG9HQHFLD
HG0%DWOORUL0DGULG/DVWHVLVVREUHORVHIHFWRVERQGDGRVRVGHODP~VLFDHQUHODFLyQFRQHO
SDUDOHOLVPRHQWUH ULWPR PXVLFDOULWPR SRpWLFR\ HVWDGRV GH iQLPR IXHURQ PDQWHQLGDVSRU QXPHURVRV
PXVLFyORJRVGHVGHHOVLJOR;9,KDVWDELHQHQWUDGRHO;,;WDOHVFRPRHOFLWDGR,9RVLR'HSRHPDWXP
FDQWXHWYLULEXVUK\WKPL2[IRUGR)9HQLQL'HLSULQFLSLGHOO·DUPRQLFDPXVLFDOHHSRHWLFD3DULV
&ODXGLR0ROLQLGHTXLHQVHKDFHHFRPX\GLUHFWR6LQLEDOGRGH0DVHQVX6LVWHPDPXVLFDOGHOD
OHQJXDFDVWHOODQD%DUFHORQDHG-'RPtQJXH]&DSDUUyV0DGULG&6,&GRQGHVHKDFHQ
DÀUPDFLRQHVFRPRpVWD©'HVSXpVGHOSODFHUGHDPDU\KDFHUELHQODP~VLFDHVVLQGXGDDOJXQDHOPiV
GXOFHSUHVHQWHTXHKD\DKHFKR'LRVDORVPRUWDOHVªSiJ
&IU0HOFKRUGH6DQWD&UX]GH'XHxDV)ORUHVWDHVSDxROD0DGULG(VSDVD&DOSH
&ULVWyEDOGH9LOODOyQ(O&UyWDORQGH&KULVWySKRUR*QRSKRVRHG$5DOOR0DGULG&iWHGUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
VRQDUODP~VLFDGHODVFKLULPtDV\VHYROYLHURQDGLVSDUDULQÀQLWRVDUFDEXFHV\
GRQ4XLMRWHVHFROJyGHOFXHOORGH6DQFKRGiQGROHPLOEHVRVHQODIUHQWH\HQ
ODVPHMLOODV/DGXTXHVD\HOGXTXH\WRGRVORVFLUFXQVWDQWHVGLHURQPXHVWUDV
GHKDEHUUHFHELGRJUDQGtVLPRFRQWHQWR\HOFDUURFRPHQ]yDFDPLQDUǻ'4
,,
(O ELHQ KD WULXQIDGR VREUH ODV IXHU]DV GH ORV PDOLJQRV HQFDQWDGRUHV ODV
VXDYHVPHORGtDVGHÁDXWDVDUSDV\OD~GHVKDQFRQPRYLGRDOEXHQRGH6DQFKR
TXHKDYHQFLGRVXPLHGR\FREDUGtDSRUTXHFRPRpOPLVPRSLHQVDÀUPHPHQWH
©GRQGHKD\P~VLFDQRSXHGHKDEHUFRVDPDODª
-26e0$5Ì$3$=*$*2
8QLYHUVLGDGHGD&RUXxD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1
/$/,7(5$785$(0%/(0É7,&$(63$f2/$
&RQWRWDOGHVFDURORFRQÀHVRKHWRPDGRHOSULQFLSLRGHOWtWXORGHHVWDSRQHQ
FLDGHXQDUHIHUHQFLDTXHKDFH-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVHQVXV(PEOHPDV
PRUDOHVDODHORFXHQFLDPXGDGHODUWHFRUHRJUiÀFRJULHJRGHOTXHGLFH
>«@\SRUTXHORSULQFLSDOHUDFRQODVPDQRVOODPyDODVGHVWRV
GDQoDGRUHV&DVLRGRURPDQRVKDEODGRUDV\TXHVXVGHGRVWHQtDQOHQ
JXDVFX\RVLOHQFLRHUDFODPRURVR\ODH[SRVLFLyQFDOODGD>«@
(O VLOHQFLRVR FODPRU GH TXH KDFHQ JDOD ODV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV GH PRWLYRV
PXVLFDOHV HQ ORV OLEURV GH HPEOHPDV FRQÀJXUD HQ VX FRQMXQWR XQ XQLYHUVR
VLJQLÀFDQWH SDUD VXV FRQWHPSRUiQHRV DOJXQD GH FX\DV FODYHV PH JXVWDUtD H[
SORUDUSDUDDFHUFDUORDQXHVWUDFRPSUHQVLyQ3RUTXHDXQTXHQRVKDOOHPRVKR\
IDPLOLDUL]DGRVFRQHOOHQJXDMHGHODVLPiJHQHVODPXGDQ]DGHORVFyGLJRVFRQ
HO SDVR GHO WLHPSR HV GH VREUD FRQRFLGD -RVp$QWRQLR 0DUDYDOO VHxDODED HQ
4XLHURGDUODVJUDFLDVD3HSH5H\SRUODVIXHQWHVTXHPHKDVHxDODGRSRUVXVYDOLRVDVVXJHUHQ
FLDV\SRUWRGRWLSRGHD\XGDJHQHURVD\VDELDTXHPHKDSUHVWDGRSDUDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWHWUDEDMR
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDV(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV=DUDJR]D/LEUR,IROVYU
(QDGHODQWHXWLOL]DUpVLHPSUHHVWHWpUPLQRSDUDUHIHULUPHDORTXHHQODpSRFDVHGHQRPLQDQR
VLHPSUHFRQVHFXHQWHPHQWHHPEOHPDHPSUHVDMHURJOtÀFRRGLYLVD3DUDHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHODFXHVWLyQ
HQFXDQWRDWHUPLQRORJtD\FRQFHSWRYLG%HJRxD&DQRVD+HUPLGD©1RWDVVREUHODSUHFHSWLYDGHOJpQHUR
HPEOHPiWLFRHQORVOLEURVGHHPEOHPDVHVSDxROHVªHQ(VWXGLRVVREUH/LWHUDWXUD(PEOHPiWLFD(VSDxROD
HG6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D$&RUXxD6RFLHGDGGH&XOWXUD9DOOH,QFOiQSiJV
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
HOSURWDJRQLVPRGHOVORJDQSXEOLFLWDULRHQQXHVWUDVRFLHGDG\VXLQÁXHQFLD
VREUH HO DXJH FUHFLHQWH GH ORV HVWXGLRV GH HPEOHPiWLFD 'H KHFKR SRGHPRV
HQFRQWUDUDOJ~QFDVRGHDVRPEURVDVHPHMDQ]DHQWUHXQ©DQXQFLRªSXEOLFLWDULR
\XQHPEOHPDFOiVLFR/DÀJXUDPXHVWUDXQRGHORVHPEOHPDVGHOSUtQFLSH
GHORVHPEOHPLVWDV$OFLDWRFRQVXOHPDVXLPDJHQVLPEyOLFD\VXHSLJUDPD
6LORFRPSDUDPRVFRQODÀJXUDYHPRVTXHpVWDFXPSOHORVUHTXLVLWRVEiVLFRV
TXHVHSHGtDQDOHPEOHPDWLHQHWDPELpQXQOHPDH[KLEHHOPLVPRDQLPDOHMR
FRQYHUWLGRHQVtPEROR\GLVSRQHGHVXSDUWLFXODU©HSLJUDPDªVyORTXHODLQYL
WDFLyQGH$OFLDWRDKXLUGHODIDOVHGDG\HQJDxRGHODGXODGRUTXHFXDOFDPDOHyQ
PXGDGHFRORU TXHGDFRQYHUWLGDSRU ORV SURIHVLRQDOHVGHOHPEDXFDPLHQWRHQ
XQD LQYLWDFLyQ SUHFLVDPHQWH DO FDPELR &RPR VXHOH GHFLUVH WDQ FHUFD WDQ
OHMRV«6HJXUDPHQWHPiVFHUFDTXHOHMRVSRUTXHKD\PXFKRPXFKtVLPRGH
HPEDXFDPLHQWRHQODXWLOL]DFLyQGHODVLPiJHQHVHQORV6LJORVGH2UR/RVOLEURV
GHHPEOHPDVVLQH[FHSFLyQFRPSDUWHQXQDGLPHQVLyQpWLFDTXHUHSURGXFH\
UHIXHU]DHOVLVWHPDGHYDORUHVGHXQPRGHORGHVRFLHGDGTXHSUHVFULEHSDXWDV
GHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRTXHVLUYHDOREMHWLYRGHFRQGXFLUODVFRQGXFWDVFRPRKD
VHxDODGR )HUQDQGR %RX]D /R GRFWULQDO SROtWLFR R UHOLJLRVR FREUD IXHU]D
DGHPiVDPHGLGDTXHDYDQ]DHOVLJOR;9,,KDVWDHOSXQWRGHSRGHUFRQVLGHUDU
FLHUWRV HPEOHPDV GH OD (VSDxD FRQWUDUUHIRUPLVWD FRPR YHUGDGHURV VHUPRQHV
VHJ~QKDHVFULWR6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D
/RVPRWLYRVRUHIHUHQFLDVPXVLFDOHVXWLOL]DGRVHQODOLWHUDWXUDHPEOHPiWLFD
SDUWLFLSDQ GH HVWD RULHQWDFLyQ JHQHUDO pWLFD HQ HVSHFLDO pWLFRSROtWLFD SRUTXH
WDO VXHOH VHU HO REMHWLYR GHFODUDGR R QR GH OD PD\RUtD GH ORV WUDWDGRV \ UH
FUHDQ DVt FRQ PD\RU R PHQRU RULJLQDOLGDG OXJDUHV FRPXQHV GH OD ÀORVRItD
PRUDOSHURDGHPiVSRQHQDQWHORVRMRVHYRFDQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVVRQRURVTXH
IRUPDQ XQD SDUWH VXEVWDQFLDO GH OD UHDOLGDG GHO HQWRUQR QR VLHPSUH VRPHWLGD
DXQSURFHVRGHDOHJRUL]DFLyQ$OHQIUHQWDUVHDUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHFRQWHQLGR
PXVLFDO R D REVHUYDFLRQHV \ DQDORJtDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ HO PXQGR GH OD P~
VLFD HO OHFWRU DVXPH VRQRULGDGHV YLUWXDOHV \ IHQyPHQRV VRQRURV VXMHWRV D XQ
FyGLJR FRPSDUWLGR DORMiQGRORV HQ VX XQLYHUVR GH FUHHQFLDV VHJ~Q GLIHUHQWHV
-RVp$QWRQLR0DUDYDOO©/DOLWHUDWXUDGHHPEOHPDVHQHOFRQWH[WRGHODVRFLHGDGEDUURFDªHQ
7HDWUR\OLWHUDWXUDHQODVRFLHGDGEDUURFD0DGULG6HPLQDULRV\(GLFLRQHVSiJVSiJV
)HUQDQGR %RX]D &RPXQLFDFLyQ FRQRFLPLHQWR \ PHPRULD HQ OD (VSDxD GH ORV VLJORV ;9, \
;9,,6DODPDQFD6HPLQDULRGH(VWXGLRV0HGLHYDOHV\5HQDFHQWLVWDV
(QODLQWURGXFFLyQD$QWRQLR%HUQDW9LVWDULQL-RKQ7&XOO(QFLFORSHGLDGHHPEOHPDVHVSDxROHV
LOXVWUDGRV 0DGULG$NDO SiJV 3DUD OD HYROXFLyQ GH OD HPEOHPiWLFD YLG 6HEDVWLDQ 1HX
PHLVWHU©'HFDGHQFLD\PRGHUQLGDGGHODHPEOHPiWLFD'LHJRGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR,GHDGHXQSUtQFLSH
SROtWLFR FKULVWLDQR ª HQ /LWHUDWXUD HPEOHPiWLFD KLVSiQLFD $FWDV GHO , 6LPSRVLR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO
/D&RUXxDGH6HSWLHPEUHHG6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D$&RUXxD8QLYHUVLGDGHGD&RUXxD
SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
QLYHOHVGHVLJQLÀFDFLyQGHORVFXDOHVVHxDODUtDFXDWURTXHPHSDUHFHQEiVLFRV
OD P~VLFD FRPR RFXSDFLyQ HVSHFtÀFD OLJDGD D XQD SURIHVLyQ JUXSR VRFLDO R
FROHFWLYR OD P~VLFD FRPR DFWLYLGDG HSLVyGLFD R ELHQ UHJXODU SHUR GHVSUR
YLVWDGHODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQHQWUHVXMHWR\RFXSDFLyQFXDOHVODSUDFWLFDGDSRUHO
PRQDUFD\ORVHVWDPHQWRVVRFLDOHVHOHYDGRVODP~VLFDFRPRIHQyPHQRItVLFR
DF~VWLFR\VREUHYRODQGRORVDQWHULRUHVODP~VLFDFRPRDOHJRUtD2EYLDPHQWH
HQODOLWHUDWXUDHPEOHPiWLFDHQYLUWXGGHODRULHQWDFLyQPRUDOFRPHQWDGDHVWH
~OWLPRQLYHODOHJyULFRVLPEyOLFRGHWHUPLQDFRQPXFKDIUHFXHQFLDHOSHUÀOTXH
DGTXLHUHODDSDULFLyQGHORVSULPHURV3RURWUDSDUWHVLKDFHPRVXQHMHUFLFLRGH
GLVWDQFLDPLHQWR\DWHQGHPRVDRWURWLSRGHSUHRFXSDFLRQHVTXHSXHGDWHQHUHO
LQYHVWLJDGRU DFWXDO D~Q REWHQGUHPRV LQIRUPDFLyQ PX\ YDOLRVD SUHVFLQGLHQGR
GH WRGD FRQQRWDFLyQ DMHQD DO GDWR SRVLWLYR VHD WHUPLQROyJLFR RUJDQROyJLFR
FRQWH[WXDORGHFXDOTXLHURWURWLSR
6RQ SXHV PXFKDV ODV SUHJXQWDV TXH DFHUFD GH OD P~VLFD \ GH ORV DFRQ
WHFLPLHQWRV VRQRURV HQ ORV 6LJORV GH 2UR SRGHPRV IRUPXODU D OD OLWHUDWXUD
HPEOHPiWLFD TXp WLSRV GH P~VLFD KD\ SDUD TXp VLUYHQ FyPR VH PDQLÀHVWDQ
TXp FRQVLGHUDFLyQ PHUHFH FDGD XQR GH HOORV HQ TXp FRRUGHQDGDV LGHROyJLFDV
VHLQVFULEHQSRUQRKDEODUGHODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQSXQWXDOGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVUH
SUHVHQWDGRVWHPDpVWHTXHSRUODGHVLJXDOFDOLGDGGHODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVSRU
ODIUHFXHQWHGLVSDULGDGHQWUHpVWDV\HOWH[WRTXHODVDFRPSDxDSRUODIDOWDGH
FRQRFLPLHQWRV VREUH HO JUDGR GH LQWHUYHQFLyQ HQ OD FRQIHFFLyQ PDWHULDO GH OD
LOXVWUDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHODXWRUGHOHPEOHPD\VREUHWRGRSRUHOFDUiFWHUHPL
QHQWHPHQWHVLPEyOLFRGHODPD\RUtDGHHOODVHVFRQWURYHUWLGR\QRFRQVWLWX\H
DGHPiVHOHQIRTXHSULQFLSDOGHHVWDSRQHQFLD
'HORVPXFKRVDVSHFWRVSRVLEOHVTXHSXHGHQVHUDERUGDGRVGHVGHHVWDFRQ
ÁXHQFLD HQWUH P~VLFD \ JpQHUR HPEOHPiWLFR TXLVLHUD FRQVLGHUDU VREUH WRGR
OD LPDJHQ JHQHUDO GH DTXpOOD OR TXH HTXLYDOH D GHFLU ODV GLIHUHQWHV LPiJHQHV
GH OD P~VLFD VHJ~Q HO FRQFHSWR TXH GH HOOD VH WLHQH DVt FRPR ODV GLIHUHQWHV
SUiFWLFDV PXVLFDOHV FRQ GLIHUHQWHV FRQQRWDFLRQHV \ YLQFXODGDV D GLIHUHQWHV
HVWDPHQWRV VRFLDOHV WRGR OR FXDO SXHGH RIUHFHUQRV GH SDVDGD YLVOXPEUHV GH
UHDOLGDGHV PXVLFDOHV D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD FRPR SLH]DV GH XQ PRVDLFR FRQ FX\D
UHFRQVWUXFFLyQVRxDPRVDIDQRVDPHQWH3RURWUDSDUWHYHUHPRVWDPELpQFyPR
ODHVSHFLDORULHQWDFLyQGHOJpQHUR\DORKHPRVGLFKRLPSRQHXQDFHUFDPLHQWR
DODP~VLFDGHVGHHOHQWRUQRSROtWLFRDOHJyULFR\UHDODODYH]FHQWUDGRHQHO
FXHUSRVRFLDO\HQODÀJXUDGHOJREHUQDQWH(Q~OWLPROXJDUPHJXVWDUtDKDFHU
FLHUWDV FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV VREUH OD GLPHQVLyQ ItVLFRDF~VWLFD GH OD P~VLFD 3DUD
WRGRHOORKHPDQHMDGRODFDVLWRWDOLGDGGHODVIXHQWHVHPEOHPiWLFDVHVSDxRODV
FRQRFLGDV GHVGH OXHJR ODV PiV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV PXFKDV GH HOODV HVWXGLDGDV \
GLIXQGLGDVHQHGLFLRQHVPRGHUQDVRWUDVDSHQDVRFDVLQDGDHQFXDOTXLHUFDVR
QLQJXQD DERUGDGD VLVWHPiWLFDPHQWH GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD PXVLFDO R P~VLFR
VRQRUD 2EYLDPHQWH \ FRPR HV KDELWXDO HQ ORV HVWXGLRV VREUH HO JpQHUR KH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
WHQLGRHQFXHQWDDTXHOODVIXHQWHVSDUFDVHQLOXVWUDFLRQHVGHVSURYLVWDVLQFOXVR
GHPRWLYRVPXVLFDOHVSHURULFDVFRPRYHUHPRVHQHPEOHPDVQRSLQWDGRV(O
PDUFR FURQROyJLFR FRPSUHQGH GHVGH OD YHUVLyQ GH %HUQDUGLQR 'D]D 3LQFLDQR
GHORVHPEOHPDVGH$OFLDWRKDVWDODVREUDVGH/RUHQ]R2UWL]\)UDQFLVFR
5DPyQ *RQ]iOH] +D\ TXH GHFLU SRU ~OWLPR TXH ODV UHIHUHQFLDV \ ODV
LPiJHQHVRIUHFLGDVHQHVWDSRQHQFLDFRQVWLWX\HQXQDVHOHFFLyQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
GHPiVODUJRDOFDQFHTXHHVWR\OOHYDQGRDFDERVREUHHOWHPD
&XHVWLyQSUHYLDDFRQVLGHUDUVHUtDSUHJXQWDUQRVSRUODWUDQVFHQGHQFLDYLWDO
\FXOWXUDOTXHWLHQHHQODpSRFDHOVHQWLGRGHORtGR\TXpFUpGLWRVHOHGDSDUD
LQGDJDUVLODSUHVHQFLDÀJXUDGDRÀQJLGDGHORVRQRURKDGHUHFODPDUXQHVIXHU]R
H[WUDGHOOHFWRURSXHGHKDEODUFRQÀDGDGHVGHODLPDJHQHQGRQGHKDELWD1R
FDEHGXGDGHTXHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQWUDGLFLRQDOGHODIXQFLyQFRJQLWLYDGHORtGR
FRPRLQIHULRUDODGHODYLVWDVLJXHSUHVHQWHHQORVVLJORV;9,\;9,,\DVt
TXHGDUHFRJLGDHQORVOLEURVGHHPEOHPDV-XDQGH+RUR]FRPLQLPL]DLQFOXVRVX
FDSDFLGDGVHQVLWLYDIUHQWHDODYLVWDDOFXHVWLRQDUTXHODQDWXUDOH]DKD\D©SXHVWR
ODVRUHMDVGHVFXELHUWDV\VLQJXDUGDTXHQRORKDEtDQWDQWRPHQHVWHUSRUTXHOR
TXHVHR\HQRPXHYHWDQWRFRPRORTXHVHYHHª$QGUpV)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEUR
DSURSyVLWRGHOOLQFHHVFULEH©1RVHVXJHWDHVWHVHQWLGR>HOGHODYLVWD@DOULHVJR
TXHHOGHHORtUpVWHSXHGHSDGHFHUHQJDxR\OHVXFHGHGHRUGLQDULRSDGHFHUOR
ODYLVWDQRª-XDQ)UDQFLVFR)HUQiQGH]GH+HUHGLDSRUVXSDUWHDÀUPD©(O
LQIRUPHGHORtGRSXHGHVHUÀQJLGRHOGHORVRMRVVLQIDODFLD(OXQRHVDLUHGHOD
HPXODFLyQ\HORWURHVGHODHYLGHQFLDª(OFDUiFWHUHQJDxRVRGHORtGRHVHQÀQ
PRVWUDGRSRU/RUHQ]R2UWL]HQHOFDStWXORFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHTXHFRQVWLWX\HWRGR
pOXQDDPSOLÀFDFLyQGHXQSRHPDGH4XHYHGRGHVX9HURtUROHUJXVWDUWRFDU
(PSUHVDVTXHHQVHxDQ\SHUVXDGHQVXEXHQXVRHQORSROtWLFR\HQORPRUDOD
FX\DFDEH]DSRQHXQHPEOHPDFRQHOOHPD6HKDGHGHVFRQÀDUGHORPiVFLHUWR
2UWL]VLJXLHQGRD4XHYHGRFLIUDORVSHOLJURVGHULYDGRVGHORtGRHQVXFDOLGDG
GHVHQWLGRSDVLYRTXHOHKDFHTXHGDULQGHIHQVRDQWHORVHVWtPXORVGHOHQWRUQR
SRUORTXHVHKDFHQSUHFLVDVODYLJLODQFLDODFDXWHOD\ODGLVFULPLQDFLyQHQOR
TXHVHHVFXFKD3HURWDPSRFRKD\TXHVREUHYDORUDUHVWDSRVLFLyQVHJXQGRQDGHO
3XHGHYHUVHVREUHHOSDUWLFXODU7KRPDV)UDQJHQEHUJ©$XGLWXVYLVXSUHVWDQWLRU&RPSDULVRQV
RI +HDULQJ DQG 9LVLRQ LQ &KDUOHV GH %RYHOOHV·V /LEHU GH VHQVLEXVª HQ 7KH 6HFRQG 6HQVH 6WXGLHV LQ
+HDULQJDQG0XVLFDO-XGJHPHQWIURP$QWLTXLW\WRWKH6HYHQWHHQWK&HQWXU\HG&KDUOHV%XUQHWW0LFKDHO
)HQG\3HQHORSH*RXN/RQGUHV7KH:DUEXUJ,QVWLWXWH8QLYHUVLW\RI/RQGRQSiJV
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,,IROY
$QGUpV)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEUR*RELHUQRJHQHUDOPRUDO\SROtWLFRKDOODGRHQODVÀHUDV\DQLPDOHV
VLOYHVWUHVVDFDGRGHVXVQDWXUDOHVSURSLHGDGHV\YLUWXGHVFRQSDUWLFXODUWDEODSDUDVHUPRQHVYDULRVGH
WLHPSR\GHVDQWRV0DGULGSiJ
-XDQ )UDQFLVFR )HUQiQGH] GH +HUHGLD 7UDEDMRV \ DIDQHV GH +pUFXOHV 0DGULG SiJ
/RUHQ]R2UWL]9HURtUROHUJXVWDUWRFDU(PSUHVDVTXHHQVHxDQ\SHUVXDGHQVXEXHQXVRHQ
ORSROtWLFR\HQORPRUDO/\RQSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
VHQWLGRGHORtGR\DTXHODYLVWDHVDVLPLVPRREMHWRGHFRQVWDQWHVRVSHFKDHQ
ORVOLEURVGHHPEOHPDV3RUTXHHQGHÀQLWLYDVRQORVVHQWLGRVWRGRVLQGXFWRUHV
GHODIDODFLDVRQYHQWDQDVGHODOPDVtSHURDODYH]SXHUWDVGHOGHVHQJDxRD
WUDYpVGHODVFXDOHVSHUFLELPRVHOYLHQWRIUtRGHODYDQLGDGGHOPXQGR
(OGHVFUpGLWRGHORtGRVXYXOQHUDELOLGDGFRUUHQSDUHMRVDODYDFXLGDGGHOR
TXHVHSURÀHUHDOGHVRUGHQDODJDUUXOHUtD/RVDYLVRVFRQWUDpVWRVVRQFRQVWDQWHV
HQ ORV OLEURV GH HPEOHPDV<D$OFLDWR KDEtD FRPSDUDGR HO SLFR GH FLHUWD DYH
DFXiWLFDFRQXQDWURPSHWDKDFLHQGRGHDTXpOODVtPERORGHODSDUOHUtDDQDORJtD
TXHJORVD'LHJR/ySH]HQODYHUVLyQTXHKL]RGHODREUDGHOPLODQpV(QFRQWUD
PRVRWURVPRWLYRVPXVLFDOHVDVRFLDGRVDODYHUERVLGDGQHFLDRVLPSOHPHQWHD
ODIDOWDGHSRQGHUDFLyQHQODVSDODEUDV(QHVWH~OWLPRVHQWLGRSUHVHQWD6DDYHGUD
)DMDUGRVXHPEOHPDGHODFDPSDQDÀJXUDVtPERORDTXtGHOJREHUQDQWHSDUD
PRVWUDUFyPRKDGHPHGLWDUODV\SURIHULUODVGHFODUDQGRORTXHVLJXH
6RQODVSDODEUDVHOVHPEODQWHGHOiQLPR3RUHOODVVHYHVLHOMXLFLR
HVHQWHURRTXHEUDGR3DUDVLJQLÀFDUHVWRVHEXVFyRWURFXHUSRPiV
QREOH \ SURSRUFLRQDGR FRPR HV OD FDPSDQD VtPEROR GHO SUtQFLSH
SRUTXHWLHQHHQODFLXGDGHOOXJDUPiVSUHHPLQHQWH\HVHOJRELHUQR
GH ODV DFFLRQHV GHO SXHEOR< VL QR HV GH EXHQRV PHWDOHV R SDGHFH
DOJ~Q GHIHFWR VH GHMD OXHJR FRQRFHU GH WRGRV SRU VX VRQ$Vt HO
SUtQFLSHHV XQ UHORMXQLYHUVDOGH VXV (VWDGRV ORV FXDOHVSHQGHQ GHO
PRYLPLHQWRGHVXVSDODEUDV
(QODOLWHUDWXUDHPEOHPiWLFDODFDPSDQDDSDUHFHFRQPX\GLYHUVDVFRQQRWD
FLRQHV3DUDDOJXQRVDXWRUHVHVVtPERORGHODYLJLODQFLDLQWHULRUHO%URFHQVH
SDUD RWURV HV GHVSHUWDGRU GHO HQWHQGLPLHQWR D OD FRQWHPSODFLyQ GH ODV FRVDV
GLYLQDV©FRPRHODWDPERUODWURPSHWDHOStIDQR\WRGRVORVGHPiVLQVWUXPHQWRV
EpOLFRV>VLUYHQ@SDUDGHVSHUWDUDOEXHQVROGDGR\GDUiQLPRDOTXHQRHVPX\
DQLPRVRª'LHJR/ySH]SDUDRWURVHPEOHPDGHODVDQWLGDG/RUHQ]R2UWL]
3HURWDPELpQVHDVRFLDPiVTXHFRPRVtPERORFRPRUHDOLGDGGHOHQWRUQRD
OD ORFXDFLGDG FRPR FXDQGR HO %URFHQVH VH GHWLHQH D FRQVLGHUDU XQ SUREOHPD
OHJDOTXHVHSODQWHD$QGUHD$OFLDWRVREUHVLHVOtFLWRLPSHGLUDORVFDPSDQHURV
'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWRFRQWRGDVODVKLV
WRULDVDQWLJHGDGHVPRUDOLGDG\GRFWULQDWRFDQWHDODVEXHQDVFRVWXPEUHV1iMHUDIROUY
'LHJR 6DDYHGUD )DMDUGR (PSUHVDV SROtWLFDV HG 4XLQWtQ$OGHD 9DTXHUR 0DGULG (GLWRUD
1DFLRQDOYROVYROSiJV
)UDQFLVFR 6iQFKH] GH ODV %UR]DV &RPPHQW>DULXP@ LQ $QG>UHDH@ $OFLDWL HPEOHPDWD /\RQ
SiJ
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROU
/RUHQ]R2UWL]RSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
GHVPHVXUDGRVHLQRSRUWXQRVLPPRGLFLLPSRUWXQLTXHTXHODVWRTXHQ&XULR
VDPHQWH OD FDPSDQD VH PXHVWUD SUXGHQWHPHQWH VLOHQFLRVD IUHQWH D OD FDUUDFD
VtPERORpVWDGHODEUDYXFRQHUtD\IDQIDUURQHUtDGHTXLHQHVPXFKRKDEODQSHUR
DFW~DQSRFRHQXQHPEOHPDGLVHxDGRH[SUHVDPHQWHSRU3DROR*LRYLRSDUDHO
PDUTXpVGHO9DVWRTXHDSDUHFHHQODYHUVLyQWUDGXFLGDDOFDVWHOODQRSRU$ORQVR
GH8OORDÀJXUDDXQTXHHQODLOXVWUDFLyQVHPXHVWUDXQDJLJDQWHVFDFDUUDFD
TXL]i*LRYLRSHQVDEDHQXQDPDWUDFDSRUODH[SOLFDFLyQTXHWUDH©<SDUDGDU
DHQWHQGHUHVWHVXFRQFHSWROHGLSRUHPSUHVDXQFLHUWRLQVWUXPHQWRPHFiQLFR
TXHWLHQHPXFKRVPDUWLOORV\XQDUXHGDTXHKD]HJUDQUXLGRTXHVHSRQHHQ
ODVWRUUHVGHODVLJOHVLDVHQORVGtDVVDQFWRVGHODVWLQLHEODVSDUDOODPDUFRQHO
SXHEORDORVGLYLQRVRÀFLRVHQOXJDUGHODVFDPSDQDV>«@ª
/RUHQ]R 2UWL] DVRFLD ODV ©YR]HV VRQRUDV \ D JROSHV TXH VXHQDQ PXFKR \
GL]HQ QDGDª GH OD FDPSDQD D OD SUHVXQFLyQ \ D ODV QHFHGDGHV TXH FDOLÀFD GH
EDGDMDGDV3HURGRQGHHVWHDXWRUIXVWLJDODFKDUODWDQHUtDHVHQHODSDUWDGRTXH
GHGLFDDODYR]GHOKDEODGRUVLPEROL]DGDSRUODJDLWDJDOOHJD
8QKDEODGRU\XQDJDLWDJDOOHJDVRQWDQSDUDHQXQRTXHQLKDEtD
GHWRFDUVHJDLWDTXHQRIXHVHDOFRPSiVGHXQKDEODGRUQLXQKDEODGRU
KDEtDGHKDEODUVLQRDOVRQGHXQDJDLWDJDOOHJD(OODWLHQHGRVÁDXWDV
TXHQROHEDVWDXQDSDUDKDFHUUXLGR6XHQDSRUDPEDVVLQSDUDU\FRQ
VRORHOYLHQWRTXHWLHQHGHQWURGHVXSHOOHMR%XVFDFRUULOORVGHJHQWH\
SyQHVHHQPHGLRDVROWDUVXWDUDELOOD7yFDQODHQXQ]DJXiQ\DOERURWD
WRGDXQDYHFLQGDG\~OWLPDPHQWHFXDQGRDFDEDGHMDDWXUGLGRVDORV
TXHODKDQRtGR¢+D]HIDOWDODDSOLFDFLyQ"&UHRTXHQR
/DDYHUVLyQPRVWUDGDKDFLDODORFXDFLGDGQHFLDHLQFRQWLQHQWHWLHQHVXUH
YHUVRHQXQDGHODVLGHDVPiVSHUVLVWHQWHVHQORVOLEURVGHHPEOHPDVHOHORJLR
GHO VLOHQFLR YHVWLGR GH ORV PiV GLYHUVRV URSDMHV +DUSyFUDWHV JUXOOD iQVDU
FLJHxD«\WDPELpQGHHOHPHQWRVYLQFXODGRVDOPXQGRGHORVRQRUR-XDQGH
+RUR]FRRSRQHHQXQHPEOHPDHOVLOHQFLRVR\FODUR(EURSHUVRQLÀFDGRHQXQ
YDUyQDGXOWRTXHVHOOHYDHOGHGRDODERFDXQDGHODVLPiJHQHVGHOVLOHQFLR
DOSDUOHUR\WXUELR&ODPRUHVUHSUHVHQWDGRSRUXQQLxRTXHDJLWDXQDVVRQDMDV
ÀJXUD+D\TXHUHFRUGDUTXH+RUR]FRHUDDUFHGLDQRHQ6HJRYLDSRUGRQGH
)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJ
3DROR*LRYLR'LiORJRGHODVHPSUHVDVPLOLWDUHV\DPRURVDVFRPSXHVWRHQOHQJXDLWDOLDQD«
WUDGX]LGR HQ URPDQFH FDVWHOODQR SRU $ORQVR GH 8OORD /\RQ SiJV /DV LOXVWUDFLRQHV GH
ODVÀJXUDV\KDQVLGRUHDOL]DGDVHQHO/DERUDWRULR
)RWRJUiÀFRGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO\VHUHSURGXFHQFRQODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHHVWDLQVWLWXFLyQ
/RUHQ]R2UWL]RSFLWSiJVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,,IROU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
FRUUHHOVHJXQGR\TXHODVSULPHUDVHGLFLRQHVGHORV(PEOHPDVPRUDOHVVDOLHURQ
GHODVSUHQVDVVHJRYLDQDVDVtTXHVXLQJHQLRHQFRQWUyDPDQRHODX[LOLRGHHVWRV
FODPRUHVTXHDTXtVRQODDQWtWHVLVGHODHORFXHQFLD2WURHPEOHPDGHOVLOHQFLR
XQLGRDODPHVXUDHQHOSURFHGHUDODYLUWXGGHDJXDUGDUHOPRPHQWRRSRUWXQR
GH DFWXDU HV HO TXH QRV SUHVHQWD -XDQ GH %RUMD PHGLDQWH XQ SHQWDJUDPD FRQ
VLJQRVGHPHGLGD\FRQSDXVDVPXVLFDOHVÀJXUD
3RUTXH DVt FRPR DO P~VLFR OH PDQGDQ DTXHOODV SDXVDV FDOODU \
HVSHUDUKDVWDTXHSDVHQWDQWRVFRPSDVHVFRPRRUGHQDHOWLHPSRGH
TXHODP~VLFDHVWiFRPSXHVWDDVtHOGLVFUHWR\SUXGHQWHGHEHHVSHUDU
\FDOODUKDVWDYHUODVD]yQGHOWLHPSR\GHODKRUDHQTXHYLHUHVHUD
SURSyVLWRSDUDSRGHUFRPHQoDU\DFDEDUORTXHSUHWHQGH\GHVHD
3HUR HO VLOHQFLR HV XQ SXQWR VLQ UHWRUQR 2EOLJDGRV D SHUPDQHFHU HQ XQ
XQLYHUVRSREODGRSRUVRQLGRVORTXHVHQRVWUDQVPLWHLQVLVWHQWHPHQWHDWUDYpV
GHHVWRVGLEXMRVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRÁRUHVTXHH[KDODQDURPDVFRPROODPDDORV
HPEOHPDV6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVHQVXGHGLFDWRULDDOGXTXHGH/HUPDHVOD
QHFHVLGDGGHH[WUHPDUODFDXWHODDQWHORTXHVHR\HPiVVLHVWRYLHQHDUURSDGR
SRUODGXO]XUDGHODP~VLFDSRUTXHpVWDHVFRPRIXHVLHPSUHXQLQVWUXPHQWR
SRGHURVRSDUDODSHUVXDVLyQXQPHGLRGHDVRPEURVDFDSDFLGDGSDUDOOHYDUQRV
WUDVVtFRQHOULHVJRGHVHUDUUDVWUDGRVKDFLDORVGRPLQLRVHQORVTXHODUD]yQ
DGRUPHFLGDDEGLFDHQIDYRUGHOSODFHUVHQVRULDO7RGRHOSHVRGHODFRUULHQWH
pWLFRPXVLFDOGHWUDGLFLyQSLWDJyULFRSODWyQLFDSDVDQGRSRU6DQ$JXVWtQ%RHFLR
\RWURVVHKDFHVHQWLUHQODSUHYHQFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQODOLWHUDWXUDHPEOHPiWLFD
VREUHHODEDQGRQRDQWHHOKDODJRGHODP~VLFD(VWDFXDOLGDGDUWHUDGHODUWHGHORV
VRQLGRVVHKDOODUHSUHVHQWDGDHQQXPHURVRVHPEOHPDVPHGLDQWHFLHUWRVOXJDUHV
FRPXQHVDJUXSDGRVHQWRUQRDOWHPDGHODVVLUHQDVDOGH0HUFXULR\$UJRV\DO
GHOFLHUYR(QHOSULPHUFDVRVHREVHUYDXQGHVSOD]DPLHQWRFURQROyJLFRGHVGH
XQVHQWLGRPRUDOJHQHUDOVHJ~QHOFXDOHVRVVHUHVIDEXORVRVUHSUHVHQWDQODVH
GXFFLyQOLELGLQRVDODOODPDGDGHODFDUQHKDFLDXQDPRUDOSROtWLFDHQYLUWXGGH
ODFXDOSDVDQDVLPEROL]DUODIDOVHGDG\HOHQJDxRTXHRFXOWDODOLVRQMDFRUWHVDQD
FRQFX\RKDODJRVHDSDUWDDOJREHUQDQWHGHOUHFWRSURFHGHU(OSULPHUVHQWLGR
-XDQGH%RUMD(PSUHVDVPRUDOHV%UXVHODVHGIDFVtPLODFDUJRGH&DUPHQ%UDYR9L
OODVDQWH0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ8QLYHUVLWDULD(VSDxRODSiJV
6REUH HO VLOHQFLR HO RtGR \ OD SUHYHQFLyQ DQWH OD P~VLFD HQ HO VLJOR ;9,, YLG 3HSH 5H\
©9HOi]TXH]\HOSRGHUGHODP~VLFDªHQ3RU9RV0XHUR$UFDQJHOR2IUHQGDGH6RPEUDV0XOWLSOLFLGDG
3URJUDPDGHOD&RPSDxtD1DFLRQDOGH'DQ]D7HDWUR5HDOWHPSRUDGD0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ
GHO7HDWUR /tULFR SiJV ,G ©/D P~VLFD GHO %DUURFR PDGULOHxR$UPRQtDV HQ XQ PXQGR
LQDUPyQLFRªHQ(O0DGULGGH9HOi]TXH]\&DOGHUyQ9LOOD\&RUWHHQHOVLJOR;9,,FDWiORJRGHODH[
SRVLFLyQYROVHG0LJXHO0RUiQ\%HUQDUGR-*DUFtD0DGULG$\XQWDPLHQWRGH0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ
&DMD0DGULGYRO,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
DSDUHFHHQWUHRWURVOXJDUHVHQODYHUVLyQGH'LHJR/ySH]GHORVHPEOHPDVGH
$OFLDWRTXLHQOODPDDODVVLUHQDVFDQWRQHUDVHVWRHVUDPHUDVSUHVHQWiQGRODV
HQHOSDVDMHIDPRVRGHOD2GLVHDWDxHQGRXQDUSDXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHYLHQWR\
FDQWDQGRÀJXUD-XDQGH+RUR]FRPXHVWUDXQDVRODGHHOODVWRFDQGRORTXH
SRGUtD VHU XQ LQVWUXPHQWR GH OD IDPLOLD GHO YLROtQ ÀJXUD DXQTXH HQ VXV
FRPHQWDULRV QR ROYLGD PHQFLRQDU ODV RWUDV VLUHQDV GH VLJQR WDQ FRQWUDULR ODV
TXHFRORFy3ODWyQVREUHORVRUEHVFHOHVWHVSDUDWUDQVPLWLUQRVODSULPHUDYHUVLyQ
FRQRFLGDGHODP~VLFDGHODVHVIHUDV$VLPLVPRHQWUHODVGLIHUHQWHVPHQFLRQHV
\UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHODVLUHQDFRPRVtPERORGHODDGXODFLyQFRUWHVDQDSRGH
PRVYHUODGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRGRQGHHOYLROtQHVPiVUHFRQRFLEOHÀJXUD
$XQTXHQRRIUHFHQLQJXQDLPDJHQGHHVWHPRWLYRHOGRPLQLFR$QGUpV)HUUHU
GH 9DOGHFHEUR GD XQ JLUR FXULRVR DO WHPD (Q VX *RELHUQR JHQHUDO PRUDO \
SROtWLFRKDOODGRHQODVÀHUDV\DQLPDOHVVLOYHVWUHVHQHOFDStWXORSUHVLGLGRSRU
ODLPDJHQGHOFLHUYRLQFOX\HGLIHUHQWHVJHURJOtÀFRVOLWHUDULRVVRODPHQWHGHOD
DGXODFLyQHQWUHORVTXHFLWDHOFDQWRGHVLUHQDFRQODREVHUYDFLyQ©eVWHHVHO
RÀFLRGHORVOLVRQMHURVGDUPXHUWHDOJRELHUQRDOKRQRU\DODVUHS~EOLFDVFRQ
KDODJRVª3HURHQHOFDStWXORVREUHHOSHUURHQWUHORVJHURJOtÀFRVGHOSUHGLFDGRU
WDPELpQLQFOX\HHOVLJXLHQWH©/DVVLUHQDVFDQWDQGR\pVWD> HVWHOHPD@'XOFH
QDXIUDJLXP(QFDQWDQFRQORGXOFH\VRQRURGHVXYR]DORVQDYHJDQWHVKDGH
VXVSHQGHUHORUDGRUDVXVR\HQWHVª6LUHQDVSXHV©DORGLYLQRªTXHHQFLHUWR
PRGRYLHQHQDUHGLPLUDODVFDQWRQHUDVGH'LHJR/ySH]
(O SRGHU GH OD P~VLFD SDUD HPEDXFDU SDUD DQXODU VHQWLGRV \ FRQFLHQFLD
DSDUHFHHMHPSOLÀFDGRFRQSURIXVLyQPHGLDQWHODIiEXODGH0HUFXULR\$UJRV
FRPRHVELHQVDELGR+RUR]FRGHGLFDXQHPEOHPDDHVWHDVXQWRHQFX\RFR
PHQWDULRORDVHPHMDSRUFLHUWRDOFDQWRGHODVVLUHQDV<WDPELpQ+HUQDQGR
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROU\VV
/DLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVPHQFLRQDGRVRUHSUHVHQWDGRVHQODVGLVWLQWDVIXHQWHVGH
ORV6LJORVGH2URHVVLHPSUHSUREOHPiWLFD3DUDXQDYLVLyQGHFRQMXQWRVREUHHVWHWHPDYLG3HSH5H\
©1RPLQDOLD,QVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVHQODOLWHUDWXUDHVSDxRODGHVGH/D&HOHVWLQDKDVWD(O&ULWLFyQ
ªHQ/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVHQHOVLJOR;9,$FWDVGHO,(QFXHQWUR7RPiV/XLVGH9LFWRULD
\ OD 0~VLFD (VSDxROD GHO 6LJOR ;9, ÉYLOD PD\R GH ÉYLOD )XQGDFLyQ &XOWXUDO 6DQWD7HUHVD
SiJV
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,IROVUY
'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRRSFLWYROSiJ
$QGUpV)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEURRSFLWSiJV\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,IROVUY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
GH6RWRDSOLFiQGRORDODLQXWLOLGDGGHORVFHORV$PERVUHSUHVHQWDQD0HUFXULR
SRUWDQGRXQDHVSHFLHGHFKLULPtD
(OFLHUYRFRPRVtPERORGHODDGXODFLyQSRUGHMDUVHDWUDSDUHQR\HQGRGXOFH
P~VLFDHV PX\ FLWDGR HQ ORV OLEURV GH HPEOHPDV FRQ IUHFXHQFLD SDUD DOHUWDU
DO JREHUQDQWH D QR VXFXPELU FRPR DTXpO D OD IDOVHGDG HQJDxRVD GHO KDODJR
$Vt OR SUHVHQWD -XDQ GH 6ROyU]DQR 3HUHLUD HQ VXV HUXGLWRV (PEOHPDWD UHJLR
SROLWLFDHQXQHPEOHPDGRQGHVHVXJLHUHTXHHODQLPDOHVWiVLHQGRVHGXFLGR
SRUHOVRQLGRGHORTXHSDUHFHQLQVWUXPHQWRVDÀQHVDODFKLULPtDÀJXUD
'HQXHYR)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEURQRVRIUHFHXQDYLVLyQXQWDQWRKHWHURGR[DGHO
WySLFRTXHLPSOLFDXQDJR]RVDUHLYLQGLFDFLyQGHOSODFHUDXGLWLYR$OHQXPHUDU
ORVJHURJOtÀFRVGHODOLVRQMDGLFH
(VWHDQLPDO>HOFLHUYR@R\HQGRWDxHUXQDÁDXWDSDVWRULO\pVWD> HVWHOHPD@$GXODWLR6HGH[DOOHYDUWDQWRFRQODVXDYLGDGGHORVHFRV
GHVWDÁDXWDTXHVHHQDJHQDGHOVHQWLU\OHSXHGHQFRJHUORVSDVWRUHV
IiFLOPHQWH>«@$ORPLVPROHREOLJDODFRQVRQDQFLDGXOFHGHODP~
VLFDSURSLHGDGJUDQGHHQXQU~VWLFRDQLPDO+HSHQVDGRTXHORVTXH
VHQLHJDQDHVWHDIHFWR\QRJXVWDQGHRtUODDUPRQtDTXHUHVXOWDGH
OD YR] \ LQVWUXPHQWR VRQRUR \ GXOFH TXH VRQ UXGRV \ QR GLJQRV GH
GLVFXUVR\UD]yQ
(O SODFHU SXUDPHQWH VHQVRULDO GH OD P~VLFD HV UHVDOWDGR SRU PXFKRV HP
EOHPLVWDV SHUR HQ JHQHUDO GH PDQHUD HSLVyGLFD R KDFLpQGROR VXEVLGLDULR GH
VLJQLÀFDFLRQHV PiV HOHYDGDV 3RU HOOR UHVXOWD PX\ HORFXHQWH HO LQWHUpV TXH
PXHVWUDHOPHQFLRQDGR)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEURSRUHODUWHGHORVVRQLGRVDOTXH
GHGLFD WRGR XQ GLVFXUVR GH UHJXODU H[WHQVLyQ GHQWUR GH VX *RELHUQR JHQHUDO
PRUDO\SROtWLFRKDOODGRHQODVDYHVPiVJHQHURVDV\QREOHV(ODYHTXHOHGD
SLHSDUDHVWDGLJUHVLyQHVHOFLVQHHODYHTXHFDQWDPiVGXOFHPHQWHFXDQGRYH
SUy[LPDVXPXHUWH&RPRSXHGHVXSRQHUVHHOGRPLQLFRGDFXHQWDGHORVOXJDUHV
FRPXQHVPiVFHOHEUDGRVHQODDQWLJHGDGFOiVLFDVREUHORVHIHFWRVWDXPDW~UJLFRV
+HUQDQGR GH 6RWR (PEOHPDV PRUDOL]DGDV 0DGULG HG IDFVtPLO D FDUJR GH &DUPHQ
%UDYR9LOODVDQWH0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ8QLYHUVLWDULD(VSDxRODIROVYY3RVLEOHPHQWH6RWR
VHEDVDHQ/XGRYLFR'RPHQLTXLTXLHQDÀUPDKDEHUVLGRHOLQYHQWRUGHOFRQFHSWRYLG3DROR*LRYLR
'LiORJR GH ODV HPSUHVDV PLOLWDUHV \ DPRURVDV TXH VRQ DUPDV \ GHYLVDV GH OLQDJHV FRQ ORV PRWHV R
EODVRQHV7UDGX]LGRHQURPDQFHFDVWHOODQRSRU$ORQVRGH8OORD>VHLQFOX\HDGHPiV5D]RQDPLHQWRGH
/XGRYLFR'RPHQLTXLHQHOFXDOVLJXLHQGRODPDWHULDGHOSUHFHGHQWHGLiORJRVHKDEODGHODVHPSUHVDV
PLOLWDUHV\DPRURVDV1XHYDPHQWHWUDGX]LGRGHOWRVFDQRLGLRPDHQHOFDVWHOODQRURPDQoHSRUHO6$ORQVR
GH8OORD@9HQHFLDSiJV
-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD(PEOHPDWDUHJLRSROLWLFDLQFHQWXULDPXQDPUHGDFWD0DGULG
SiJ
$QGUpV)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEURRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
\ WHUDSpXWLFRV GH OD P~VLFD FRPR KDFHQ WRGRV ORV DXWRUHV FXDQGR OHV DFDHFH
WUDWDUGHHOOD3HURORPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVRQORVHORJLRVFRQWLQXRVTXHOHGHGLFD
GLFLHQGR TXH SDUD WRGR HV EXHQD TXH HQ OD WLHUUD QR KD\ GHOLFLD PD\RU TXH
ODEXHQDP~VLFDRTXHHQVtODP~VLFDHVORPHMRUTXHVHKDLQYHQWDGRHQOD
QDWXUDOH]D 6XV FXDOLGDGHV pWLFDV VRQ SDUD )HUUHU GH 9DOGHFHEUR HQWHUDPHQWH
SRVLWLYDVUHIXWDQGRFRPREDQDOHVWRGRVORVDUJXPHQWRVTXHFRQWUDHOODVHKDQ
HVJULPLGR
+DQTXHULGRPXFKRVDXWRUHVHVFULELHQGRFRQWUDODP~VLFDPDQ
FKDUIHDPHQWHVXHOHFFLyQ\VXJXVWRSRUTXHVLHQWUHORVTXHEUDQWRV
\FDODPLGDGHVGHVWDYLGDKD\DOJ~QFRQVXHOR\UHVJXDUGRDODQDWXUD
OH]DSDUDTXHQRVHULQGDDODRSUHVLyQHVVyORODP~VLFDTXHDOLYLD
GLYLHUWHDOHJUDVXVSHQGH\GLVSRQHORViQLPRV\ODVSDVLRQHVFRPR
VLIXHUDSUHQGDGHOKRPHQDJHGHODVSRWHQFLDV\VHQWLGRV
(QWUHORVJHURJOtÀFRVGHODP~VLFDTXHHQXPHUDFRORFDHQSULPHUOXJDUDO
UXLVHxRUGHFX\RHVWLORGHFDQWRHQVD\DXQDGHVFULSFLyQ
&DQWD WRGR OR TXH HQVHxD OD P~VLFD HO UXLVHxRU FRQ SHUIHFFLyQ
+D]H FRQ XQD YR] WRGD OD GLIHUHQFLD GH ODV YR]HV \ OHYDQWD GH OD
GLIHUHQFLDODKDUPRQtDWDQVXDYH\WDQVRQRUDTXHDGPLUD\VXVSHQGH
MXQWDPHQWHHQWUDFRQHOWHQRUEXVFDQGRHOFRQWUDOWRWULQDGXOFHPHQWH
KDVWDDOFDQoDUHOWLSOH\OXHJRVHGHVOL]DDOFRQWUDED[R\DYDUtD\D
GLVWLQJXH \D XQH \D VH DODUJD \D VH UHFRJH \D VH HPSHxD \ VLQ
SHQVDUURPSHORVIXHURVGHODKDUPRQtD\DVHFREUD\DVHDUURMD\
WRGRWDQDWLHPSRTXHHQORTXHSDUHFHTXHIDOWDDVHJXLUHOFRPSiV
HVVXPD\RUGHVWUH]D$~QFXDQGRJRUJHD£TXpOOHQDTXpJUDYHTXp
DJXGDTXpVHJXLGDTXHGLODWDGDHQODVFRQVRQDQFLDV£TXpVHJXUD
/DHVSHFLDODÀQLGDGTXHVHQWtD)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEURKDFLDODP~VLFDODUHÁHMD
WDPELpQDOKDEODUGHRWUDVDYHVFRPRFXDQGRDÀUPDTXH©KD\SDSDJD\RTXH
FDQWDXQWRQRTXHWLHQHFXDWURFRSODVVLQSHUGHUVtODEDHQHOODVVHJXLGDV\FRQ
ODP~VLFDFRPRVHODHQVHxDURQªRFXDQGRUHFXHUGDTXHHQODFRUWHODGH&DUORV
,,©KDKDELGRTXLHQHQVHxHDORVSD[DULOORVDKD]HUORVFODULQHVªRDOUHIHULUVH
DORVGLIHUHQWHVVRQLGRVGHODVHVSHFLHVDQLPDOHVGHORVTXHGLFH©>«@SRUTXH
$QGUpV )HUUHU GH 9DOGHFHEUR *RELHUQR JHQHUDO PRUDO \ SROtWLFR KDOODGR HQ ODV DYHV PiV
JHQHURVDV\QREOHVVDFDGRGHVXVQDWXUDOHVYLUWXGHV\SURSLHGDGHV$xDGLGRHQHVWDVHJXQGDLPSUHVLyQ
HQGLIHUHQWHVSDUWHV\HOOLEURGLH]\QXHYHGHODVDYHVPRQVWUXRVDV«FRQFXDWURWDEODVGLIHUHQWHVHVOD
XQDSDUDVHUPRQHVYDULRVGHWLHPSR\GHVDQWRV0DGULGSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
pVWDHVVXORFXFLyQFRPRHOVRQLGRGHODFKLULPtDTXHURPSLHQGRGXOFHPHQWH
HODLUHDFRPSDxDFRQVXYR]ODVGHPiVGHORVTXHFDQWDQª
3HURYROYDPRVDFHUQLUODVRPEUDGHODVRVSHFKDVREUHODP~VLFDFRPRDOH
JRUtD GH OD DGXODFLyQ DO JREHUQDQWH \ GH ODV LQWULJDV FRUWHVDQDV 3DUD PRVWUDU
HO SHOLJUR GH TXH HO UHJLGRU VHD UHJLGR SRU OD YROXQWDG GH RWURV 6HEDVWLiQ GH
&RYDUUXELDVLGHDXQHPEOHPDHQHOTXHXQMXJODUKDFHEDLODUDGRVDXWyPDWDV
DOVRQGHXQDHVSHFLHGHOD~GÀJXUD/DVREVHUYDFLRQHVTXHKDFHVREUH
HO SDUWLFXODU 6DDYHGUD )DMDUGR HQ ORV FRPHQWDULRV D FLHUWRV HPEOHPDV TXH QR
WLHQHQQLQJXQDLPDJHQPXVLFDOVHKDOODQDPHGLRFDPLQRHQWUHODPHWiIRUD\OD
UHDOLGDG\DTXHDOXGHDHQWUHWHQLPLHQWRV\P~VLFDVTXHORVFRUWHVDQRVDGXODGRUHV
SURSRUFLRQDQDOUH\SDUDGLVWUDHUORGHODVODERUHVGHOJRELHUQRFLWDQGRHOFDVR
FRQFUHWR GH -XDQ ,, DXQTXH DTXt VH KDOOD LPSOLFDGR HO PRQDUFD PLVPR HQ OD
SUiFWLFDGHODP~VLFDORTXHFRQVWLWX\HXQFDVRHVSHFLDOTXHFRPHQWDUHPRVPiV
DGHODQWH&RQWUDODFRQVRQDQFLDGXOFHGHODDGXODFLyQHVJULPH-XDQ%DxRVGH
9HODVFRODQHFHVLGDGGHTXHHOJREHUQDQWHHVFXFKH©XQDYR]WDQGHVDJUDGDEOHTXH
GHVKD]LHQGRODFRQVRQDQFLDGHODVRWUDVpVWDVRODGLJDDSDUWHODVYHUGDGHVª<
)UDQFLVFRGH=iUUDJDDXQTXHHQ]DU]DGRHQSROpPLFDFRQHODQWHULRUVRVWHQGUi
ORPLVPRGLFLHQGR©(VWiQPX\KHFKDVVXVRUHMDV>ODVGHORVJREHUQDQWHVSUHVD
GH OD OLVRQMD@ D OD DUPRQtD GH OD P~VLFD \ QR SXHGHQ VXIULU OD GLVRQDQFLD GH
ODVFDODPLGDGHVTXHDPHQDoDQ>ORVPLQLVWURVMXLFLRVRV@ª(QÀQVHPHMDQWHV
SUHYHQFLRQHVHQFRQWUDPRVHQ-XDQ)UDQFLVFR)HUQiQGH]GH+HUHGLD
$O PDUJHQ GHO FDUiFWHU SHUVXDVLYR \ IDOD] TXH DFRPSDxD FRQ GHPDVLDGD
IUHFXHQFLDVHQRVGLFHDXQDDUPRQtDGXOFH\FRQVRQDQWHH[LVWHQFLHUWDVPDQL
IHVWDFLRQHVGHODDFWLYLGDGPXVLFDOTXHSRUODVFXDOLGDGHVGHORVHOHPHQWRVTXH
ODLQWHJUDQSRUODPDQHUDHQTXHVHOOHYDQDFDERRSRUVXVFRQQRWDFLRQHVVH
FRQVLGHUDQPRUDOPHQWHUHSUREDEOHVRFXDQGRPHQRVDOHMDGDVGHOLGHDOVRQRUR
LGHQWLÀFDGR FRQ HO UHFWR FRPSRUWDPLHQWR HQ OR LQGLYLGXDO \ HQ OR VRFLDO 6RQ
DFWLYLGDGHV TXH LQGXFHQ HO GHVRUGHQ GH ODV SDVLRQHV HQ HO SHRU GH ORV FDVRV
R TXH UHSUHVHQWDQ RFXSDFLRQHV SRFR QREOHV (O H[FHVR PLVPR HQ OD SUiFWLFD
GHODP~VLFDHV\DSXHVWRHQHQWUHGLFKRSRU-XDQGH+RUR]FRHQXQHPEOHPD
GRQGHSUHVHQWDYDULRVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVTXHOHGDQRFDVLyQSDUDKLOYDQDU
XQ EUHYtVLPR GLVFXUVR VREUH OD P~VLFD ÀJXUD /R SULPHUR TXH HVWDEOHFH
,GRSFLWSiJVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FR(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV0DGULGHGIDFVtPLODFDUJRGH
&DUPHQ%UDYR9LOODVDQWH0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ8QLYHUVLWDULD(VSDxRODIROUY
'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRRSFLWYROSiJV\YROSiJV
-XDQ%DxRVGH9HODVFR\$FHYHGR/$QQHR6pQHFDLOXVWUDGRHQEODVRQHVSROtWLFRV\PRUDOHV
\VXLPSXJQDGRULPSXJQDGRGHVtPLVPR0DGULGSiJV\
)UDQFLVFR GH =iUUDJD 6pQHFD MXH] GH Vt PLVPR LPSXJQDGR GHIHQGLGR \ LOXVWUDGR %XUJRV
SiJV
-XDQ)UDQFLVFR)HUQiQGH]GH+HUHGLDRSFLW0DGULGSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
+RUR]FRHVODQHFHVLGDGGHDGHFXDUODSUiFWLFDRHOGLVIUXWHGHODP~VLFDDOD
HGDG\DODFDOLGDGGHOVXMHWRHVGHFLUSUHVFULELUXQDVQRUPDVHOHPHQWDOHVGH
©GHFRURª (Q DOJXLHQ GH HVWDWXWR HOHYDGR HVWH GHFRUR SUHVXSRQH PRGHUDFLyQ
([SOLFDDVtHOPRWH\HOHPEOHPD
<FRQIRUPHDHVWRVHRUGHQyODHPEOHPDSUHVHQWHFRQORVLQVWUX
PHQWRV P~VLFRV \ HO PRWH HQ JULHJR TXH VXHQD $OOLVL WDSKWD PHOL \
VLJQLÀFD$RWURVGHQFXLGDGRHVWDVFRVDVHQTXHVHGDDHQWHQGHUTXH
ODJHQWHJUDYHTXHGHEHHPSOHDUVHHQODVFRVDVTXHVRQGHVXHGDG
R GH VX RÀFLR QR VH KD GH RFXSDU HQ DTXpOODV TXH OD PRFHGDG \ OD
RFLRVLGDGVXHOHQLQWURGX]LUHQORVPRoRVOLEUHV\GHVRFXSDGRVDXQTXH
VHDQWDOHVTXHGHVX\RQRVHDQPDODVFRPRODF\WKDUD\HOFDQWR
<PiVDGHODQWHGLFH
>«@GHPiV GH ODV SHUVRQDV JUDYHV TXH SRU VXV RFXSDFLRQHV QR
WLHQHQOXJDUQLOHVFRQYLHQHD~QDORVTXHVRQPRoRV\GHVRFXSDGRV
QR HV WDQ JHQHUDOSRUTXH VL WUDWDQGH HVWXGLRV HV FRVD PDUDYLOORVD
ODFRQWUDGLFLyQTXHFRQHOORVWLHQHODP~VLFDORXQRSRUTXHGLYLHUWH
PXFKR\RFXSDHOWLHPSR\ORRWURSRUTXHODGLVSRVLFLyQTXHHVPH
QHVWHUHQHOKRPEUHSDUDGHSUHQGHU\GLVFXUULUFRQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWR
HV GLIHUHQWH VLQ GXGD GH OD TXH KD PHQHVWHU SDUD MX]JDU GH VROR HO
VRQLGR
/D FRQVLGHUDFLyQ TXH PHUHFH OD P~VLFD D +RUR]FR HQ VX FRQMXQWR HV OD
VLJXLHQWH
>«@ GH]LPRV TXH OD P~VLFD GH VX\R HV FRPR VH GL]H FRVD GHO
FLHOR\DGPLUDEOHFXDQGRFRQPRGHUDFLyQVHWUDWD\H[HUFLWDSRUTXH
VLHQHOODVHRFXSDXQRVLHPSUHKDEUiJDVWDGRHOWLHPSR\QLQJXQD
FRVDKDEUiPHMRUDGRHQHOiQLPR\HQODYLUWXG
<HVTXHHQGHÀQLWLYDORTXHQRVWUDQVPLWH-XDQGH+RUR]FRHVODLPDJHQ
GXDOGHODP~VLFDTXH\DDSDUHFHSHUÀODGDFRQFODULGDGHQODDQWLJXD*UHFLD\
TXHVHUiJORVDGDLQLQWHUUXPSLGDPHQWHDOWHUQDQGRORVSDUHVGHRSXHVWRV$SROR
0DUVLDV$SROR3DQQ~PHURVRQLGRHVWRHVHOXQLYHUVRRUGHQDGRGHODUD]yQ
\HOD]DURVRGHORVVHQWLGRVHVDFDUDELIURQWHTXHKDKHFKRGHFLUD0DUtD=DP
EUDQR©3XHVODP~VLFDXQHHQVtORVGRVXQLYHUVRVRORVVHQRVGHO8QLYHUVRHO
GHORVDVWURVGHFX\RPRYLPLHQWRGHVFHQGLyODPDWHPiWLFD\HOPXQGRLQIHUQDO
Anterior
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,IROVUY
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
GHGRQGHQDFHHOJHPLGRª1RVpVLVHUiUL]DUHOUL]RSHURPHSDUHFHTXHOD
FRPSRVLFLyQGHOHPEOHPDTXHHVWDPRVFRPHQWDQGRUHFRJHHQSDUWHHVWDGXD
OLGDGDXQTXHQRVHKD\DKHFKRGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHSRURWUDSDUWHQRVDEHPRVVL
+RUR]FRWXYRSDUWLFLSDFLyQGLUHFWDHQVXFRQIHFFLyQRVLpVWDVHGHELySRUHQWHUR
DOJUDEDGRUSHURSDUDORTXHDTXtLQWHUHVDHVWRQRVHUtDUHOHYDQWH(OFDVRHV
TXHHQHOFHQWURDSDUHFHHQSULPHUWpUPLQRORTXHSDUHFHVHUXQDYLKXHOD\
GHWUiVXQDUSDPLHQWUDVTXHDORVODGRVQRWDQSUHVHQWHVKD\YDULRVLQVWUXPHQ
WRVGHYLHQWRDODGHUHFKDXQDÁDXWDGXOFHSDUHFHSRUODIRUPDGHSLFRGHOD
HPERFDGXUD\XQDHVSHFLHGHEDMyQDOPHQRVVHSHUFLEHFODUDPHQWHHOWXGHO
\DODL]TXLHUGDORTXHSDUHFHQVHUGRVFKLULPtDVÀJXUD
&RPRHVELHQVDELGR\FRPRUHFRUGDUHPRVPiVDGHODQWHFLHUWRVLQVWUXPHQWRV
GHFXHUGDVHDVRFLDQDOFRQFHSWRGHDUPRQtDGHFRQFRUGLDGHSHUIHFWRDFXHUGR
TXHULJHHOPDFURFRVPRV\TXHKDGHUHJLUWDPELpQHOPLFURFRVPRVHOVHUKX
PDQRFRPRUHÁHMRTXHHVGHDTXpOORTXHQRVXHOHRFXUULUFRQORVLQVWUXPHQWRV
GH YLHQWR UHOHJDGRV DO EDMR PXQGR GH OR ©GLRQLVLDFRª SRU HPSOHDU OD ELHQ
FRQRFLGDFDWHJRUtDQLHW]VFKHDQD6LQGXGDODDXWRULGDGGH3ODWyQIXHGHFLVLYD
SDUDODSHUSHWXDFLyQGHHVWDGLFRWRPtD\DTXHHQVXUHS~EOLFDLGHDOVyORDGPLWH
SDUDODSROLVODNLWKDUD\ODO\UDHQWDQWRTXHGHFODUDFRPRSULQFLSDOHQHPLJRDO
DXOyV3XHVELHQ-XDQGH9DOHQFLDHQVXVFRPHQWDULRVDOHPEOHPD)RHGHUDGH
$OFLDWRHQHOTXHVHUHSUHVHQWDXQOD~GDÀUPDTXHHQ(VSDxDODFLWKDUDFOiVLFD
HVHOKDUSD\ODO\UDODYLJHODSUHFLVDPHQWHORVGRVLQVWUXPHQWRVIURQWDOHV
HQ HO HPEOHPD GH +RUR]FR /D FXOWXUD KXPDQLVWD UHIRU]y HO HOHYDGR HVWDWXWR
DGTXLULGR SRU ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH FXHUGD \ FLPHQWy XQD GLJQLÀFDFLyQ GH VX
SUiFWLFD\GHVXVHMHFXWDQWHVYLQFXODGDDGHPiVDVXSRWHQFLDOLGDGUHWyULFDHQ
FXDQWRHOHPHQWRFLYLOL]DGRUDJHQWHSHUVXDVLYRGHFRKHVLyQVRFLDO(OWpUPLQR
O\UDGHORVFOiVLFRVWHQtDSRURWUDSDUWHXQDHVSHFLDOUHVRQDQFLDHQORV6LJORVGH
2UR\DTXHH[LVWtDQHQODSUiFWLFDUHDOGRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHFXHUGDIURWDGDFRQ
HVWHQRPEUHODOLUDGDEUDFFLRDVRFLDGDD$SROR\D2UIHRODOLUDyUÀFDFRQOD
TXH0DUVLOLR)LFLQROOHYDEDDFDERVXVULWXDOHVGHPDJLDQDWXUDOHQSURJUHVLYR
GHVXVRDORODUJRGHOVLJOR;9,\ODOLUDGDJDPEDROLURQHLQVWUXPHQWRJUDYH
TXHDOFDQ]yXQQRWDEOHSURWDJRQLVPRHQHOVLJOR;9,,
0DUtD=DPEUDQR(OKRPEUH\ORGLYLQR0p[LFR'))RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD
HGSiJ
)UDQFLVFR-7DODYHUD(VWHVR-XDQGH9DOHQFLD\VXV©6FKROLDLQ$QGUHDH$OFLDWL(PEOHPDWDª
0iODJD8QLYHUVLGDGSiJV
/XLV5REOHGR(VWDLUH©/DP~VLFDHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRKXPDQLVWDHVSDxROª5HYLVWDGH0XVLFR
ORJtD;;,SiJV
3DUD HO VLPEROLVPR \ ORV DYDWDUHV GH OD OLUD GD EUDFFLR YLG (PDQXHO :LQWHUQLW] 0XVLFDO
,QVWUXPHQWV DQG 7KHLU 6\PEROLVP LQ :HVWHUQ $UW 1HZ +DYHQ/RQGUHV<DOH 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV HGLFLyQHVSHFLDOPHQWHSiJV3DUDODDVLPLODFLyQGHODO\UDFOiVLFDDLQVWUXPHQWRVGHFXHUGD
IURWDGD\SXOVDGD\VXLQFLGHQFLDHQODSRHVtDGHO6LJORGH2URHVSDxROYLG6pYHULQH'HODKD\H/DYRL[
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
%DVDGDVHQHOVLVWHPDGHRSRVLFLRQHVDQWHULRUVRQYDULDVODVUHIHUHQFLDVHQ
ORVOLEURVGHHPEOHPDVDODVFRQWLHQGDVHQWUH$SROR\0DUVLDVSRUXQDSDUWH
\HQWUH$SROR\3DQ(OPLVPR+RUR]FRUHÁHMDODSULPHUDPRVWUDQGRD0DUVLDV
GHVROODGRMXQWRDVXLQVWUXPHQWRXQDÁDXWDGH3DQRVLULQJDSRUKDEHUGHVDÀD
GRDOGLYLQR$SRORLQYHQWRUGLFH+RUR]FRGHODP~VLFDGHODYLKXHOD-XDQ
)UDQFLVFR GH 9LOODYD SUHVHQWD OD VHJXQGD OD GH$SROR \ 3DQ FRQ OD LPDJHQ
FHQWUDOGH0LGDVFRPRVtPERORGHOMXLFLRHUUDGRGHOYXOJRSRUKDEHUSUHIHULGR
HOVRQLGRGHODVFDxDVPXVWLDVGH3DQUHSUHVHQWDGDVSRUORTXHHVHQUHDOLGDG
XQDKLOHUDGHWXERVGHyUJDQRDODGRUDGDFtWDUDGHOGLRVFRQYHUWLGDDTXtHQ
ORTXHSDUHFHVHUXQDJXLWDUUDÀJXUD
(QHVWDFRQVWHODFLyQGHRSXHVWRVTXHHVWDPRVUHYLVDQGRGHVGHHOODGR©REV
FXURªHOGLRV%DFRWLHQHVXOXJDUDWUDYpVGHODVYHUVLRQHVHVSDxRODVGH$OFLDWR
HQODVTXHDSDUHFHWDxHQGRODDJUXSDFLyQLQVWUXPHQWDOGHSLWR\WDPERULO(VWH
~OWLPRRPiVH[DFWDPHQWHHOLQVWUXPHQWRGHQRPLQDGRFRQHOWpUPLQRJHQpULFR
W\PSDQXPKDEtDVLGRVHxDODGRSRU$QGUHD$OFLDWRFRPRXQRGHORVDWULEXWRV
GH%DFR(QVXVFRPHQWDULRVDOHPEOHPD%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQRDVHPHMDHO
VRQGHOWDPERUtQDODORFXUDTXHUHVXOWDGHODHPEULDJXH]-XDQGH9DOHQFLDHQ
FX\RPDQXVFULWRQRKD\LOXVWUDFLRQHVVHxDODTXHHOLQVWUXPHQWRHQFXHVWLyQVH
OODPDHQHVSDxROWDPERULQRFRPRDVtHUDHQHIHFWRVLHVTXHHVWDEDSHQVDQGR
HQHOWDPERULO(O%URFHQVHGLFHTXHVHSDUHFHPXFKRDOLQVWUXPHQWRTXHXVDQ
ORVHWtRSHVHQ(VSDxDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQODV]RQDVPDUtWLPDV3HURTXLHQQRV
RIUHFHXQDVFRQQRWDFLRQHVpWLFDVGHOLQVWUXPHQWRLQHTXtYRFDVHVHOFRPHQWDGRU
HVSDxROPiVWDUGtRHOLQWHUHVDQWtVLPR'LHJR/ySH]TXLHQORFRQVLGHUDVHxDOGH
ORFXUDOXMXULD\QDWXUDOPHQWHHPEULDJXH]FRQODVLJXLHQWHDSRVWLOOD©<SRU
ODPD\RUSDUWHYHPRVTXHORVTXHWRFDQJDLWDVRWDPERULOHVQROHVVDEHPDOHO
OLTXRUGH%DFFKRDQWHVSDUHFHTXHOHVYLHQHGHVXDQWLJXRVRODUVHUDÀFLRQDGRV
DVHPHMDQWHYLFLRªÀJXUD
9ROYLHQGR DO H[FHVR HQ OD SUiFWLFD GH OD P~VLFD DO HQJROIDPLHQWR HQ ORV
SODFHUHVVHQVRULDOHV VXSHUÁXRV SRU H[FHVLYDPHQWHUHÀQDGRV QRV HQFRQWUDPRV
G·2USKpH'HODPXVLTXHGDQVODSRpVLHGX6LqFOHG·2UHVSDJQRO*DUFLODVRGHOD9HJD/XLVGH/HyQ
-HDQGHOD&URL[*yQJRUDWHVLVGRFWRUDOLQpGLWD8QLYHUVLWpGH3DULV,,,6RUERQQH1RXYHOOHSiJV
3DUDODSRVLEOHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHOLQVWUXPHQWRGH©/DVKLODQGHUDVªGH9HOi]TXH]FRQXQOLURQH\
VXWUDVIRQGRDOHJyULFRYLG/RXLVH.6WHLQ©7KUHH3DLQWLQJVD'RXEOH/\UH2SHUDDQG(OLFKH·V9HQXV
9HOi]TXH]DQG0XVLFDWWKH5R\DO&RXUWLQ0DGULGªHQ7KH&DPEULGJH&RPSDQLRQWR9HOi]TXH]HG
6X]DQQH/6WUDWWRQ3UXLWW&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVSiJV
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,IROVUY
-XDQ)UDQFLVFRGH9LOODYD(PSUHVDVHVSLULWXDOHV\PRUDOHV%DH]DIROVUY
%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQR/RVHPEOHPDVGH$OFLDWRWUDGXFLGRVHQUKLPDVHVSDxRODV$xDGLGRV
GHÀJXUDV\GHQXHYRVHPEOHPDVHQODWHUFHUDSDUWHGHODREUD/\RQSiJV
)UDQFLVFR-7DODYHUD(VWHVRRSFLWSiJV
)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJ
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROVYY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
FRQXQHPEOHPDHQHOTXH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDDGYLHUWHFRQWUDODGHPDVtDGHORV
SODFHUHVHQODUHS~EOLFDSDUDORFXDOUHFXUUHDODKLVWRULDROH\HQGDGHOSXHEOR
VLEDULWDTXLHQHVKDEtDQHQVHxDGRDORVFDEDOORVDKDFHUGLVWLQWRVSDVRVGHGDQ]D
FRQODVSDWDVGHODQWHUDVDOVRQGHGHWHUPLQDGDP~VLFDGHPDQHUDTXHFXDQGR
XQRGHORVWDxHGRUHVHQFDUJDGRVGHWDOFRPHWLGRVHSDVyDODVÀODVGHOHQHPLJR
\HQVHxyDpVWRVODP~VLFDSHUWLQHQWHHQHOPRPHQWRGHODEDWDOODORVFDEDOORV
GHORVVLEDULWDVVHSXVLHURQDGDQ]DUDOVRQGHODPLVPDGHUULEDQGRDVXVMLQHWHV
\FDXVDQGRDVtODUXLQDGHVXSXHEOR(QHOHPEOHPDHOHMpUFLWRHQHPLJRD
ODGHUHFKDDSDUHFHVHGXFLHQGRDORVYROXSWXRVRVFDEDOORVDOVRQGHOOD~G\GH
ODVVRQDMDVÀJXUD
6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDPXHVWUDHQRWURHPEOHPDODGXDOLGDGGHODP~VLFDFRPR
DOHJRUtDGHODHOHFFLyQTXHKDGHKDFHUHOJREHUQDQWHHQWUHORVHQWUHWHQLPLHQWRV
KRQHVWRV \ GHFRURVRV UHÁHMR \ DFLFDWH GH OD YLUWXG S~EOLFD \ ORV WRUSHV TXH
DOLPHQWDQHOYLFLR\ODYROXSWXRVLGDG$VtSUHVHQWDD$OHMDQGUR0DJQRUHFKD
]DQGRODO\UDGH3DULVUHSUHVHQWDGDFRPRXQDHVSHFLHGHOD~GDFX\RVRQKDEtD
HMHFXWDGR pVWH FDQFLRQHV DIHPLQDGDV GH DPRUHV \ DGXOWHULRV \ FHOHEUDQGR OD
GH$TXLOHVYHKtFXORGHFDQWRVQREOHV\JXHUUHURVFRQODH[SUHVLyQHVFULWDHQ
HOHPEOHPD©3UHÀHURpVWDªÀJXUD0DOVHOOHYDHODPRUKXPDQRFRQHO
ULJRUPRUDOLVWDGHODWUDGLFLyQFULVWLDQDTXL]iSRUHVR$QGUHD$OFLDWRHVWDEOHFH
XQD DQDORJtD HQWUH HO YHUGRU SHUHQQH GHO ERM TXH VXVWHQWD VX PDGHUD SiOLGD
OD SDOLGH] GH ORV MyYHQHV DPDQWHV \ ODV GHOLFLDV GH OD P~VLFD SXHV TXH GH OD
PDGHUD GH DTXpO VH FRQVWUX\HQ ODV ÁDXWDV (Q VXV FRPHQWDULRV HO %URFHQVH
DÀUPDH[SUHVDPHQWHTXHHVWHiUEROHVVtPERORGHORVDPDQWHV'D]D3LQFLDQR
\'LHJR/ySH]SRURWUDSDUWHGDQXQDYXHOWDGHWXHUFD\FRQYLHUWHQODSDOLGH]
HQDPDULOOH]&RQHVWDVSDODEUDVSUHVHQWDHVWH~OWLPRHOHPEOHPD
(OEX[RHVXQiUEROODPDGHUDGHOFXDOHVDPDULOODGHODFXDOVH
KD]HQÁDXWDV\RWUDVFRVDVDJUDGDEOHVDORVPXFKDFKRV\HVHOiUERO
GHORVTXHDPDQSRUTXHDQGDQDPDULOORVFDGDPRPHQWR\WHPHURVRV
GHFDHUGHODHVSHUDQoDTXHKDQFRQFLELGRRVLORVGHVHFKDUiQ\WHQ
GUiQHQSRFR>«@
/DMXYHQWXGFDVTXLYDQDHVIXVWLJDGDSRU/RUHQ]R2UWL]HQVXREUD\DPHQ
FLRQDGD 9HU RtU ROHU JXVWDU WRFDU KDFLHQGR GHO VRQLGR GHO FDVFDEHO VtPEROR
GHOPDQFHELWRJDOiQ
-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDRSFLWSiJ
,GRSFLWSiJV
)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJV
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROVYU(OHPEOHPD\FRPHQWDULRGH'D]DUHODWLYRDOERMVHHQ
FXHQWUDHQ%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQRRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
/DOLJHUH]DGHXQFDVFDEHO\ORSRFRTXHYDOHFRQQDGDVHH[SOLFD
PHMRUTXHFRQORVHPSOHRVTXHWLHQHRORVYHUpLVHQORVSUHWDOHVGH
ORVFDVFDEHOHVRHQODVOLJDVGHORVGDQ]DQWHVRFROJDQGRGHORVKLORV
GHORVSDQGHURV3HURHQFXDOTXLHUDSDUWHTXHHVWpQWRGRORSURYRFDQ
D ÀHVWD \ D VpTXLWR GH PXFKDFKRV 4XLHQ FRPSDUy D ORV FDVFDEHOHV
ORV PDQFHELWRV JDODQHV DTXpOORV TXH SLHQVDQ TXH VRQ HO 3tUDPR GH
VXDOGHD\HO$GRQLVGHVXSXHEORDOJRGHELyGHYHUHQHOORVTXHORV
VLPEROL]DVHQ VL OHV KDOOy OR KXHFR HQ OD FDEH]D OR GDQ]DUtQ HQ ORV
SDVRV\ORHVWLUDGRHQHOWDOOHHOORVORGLUiQ>«@
/D RTXHGDG HO SRFR VHVR DSDUHFHQ PiV DGHODQWH DO FRPSDUDU 2UWL] D OD
SHUVRQDVLPSORQDFRQHOSDQGHUR<PXFKRDQWHVKDEtDKHFKRGHOVRQLGRGHORV
DOERJXHVTXHDVLPLODDODÁDXWDGH3DQSDVWRULOHPEOHPDGHODPHQWLUD
(VHODOERJXHHQWUHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVHOGHVSUHFLDEOHHOYLOFRPR
ORHVHOPHQWLURVRHQWUHORVKRPEUHV&DXVDIHDOGDGHQTXLHQORWRFD
GtJDQOR ORV DOERJXHV GH 3DODV KHFKRV SHGD]RV SRU HVWR FRPR OD
PHQWLUDDOTXHPLHQWH'HVDJUDGDFRQVXYR]GHVDSDVLEOH1XQFDVH
YHDOHQWDGRGHHVStULWXVQREOHVQLVHDUULPDDERFDTXHQRVHDSOHEH\D
RODKDJDSURSULHGDGHVWRGDVGHODPHQWLUD
1R KD\ GXGD GH TXH YHQLPRV H[SORUDQGR XQD YHUWLHQWH GH OD P~VLFD PX\
SDUWLFXODU6LDWHQGHPRVDFLHUWDVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVUHDOHVQRIDEXORVDV
DOXGLGDVKDVWDDKRUDYHPRVTXHVHGHVHQYXHOYHQHQODHVIHUDGHODVRFXSDFLRQHV
VHUYLOHVRVRQVLPSOHPHQWHSURSLDVGHHVWDPHQWRVVRFLDOHVEDMRVPHUHFLHQGR
XQDFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHVSHFWLYDODFKDUODWDQHUtDGHODJDLWDJDOOHJD\GHODVVRQDMDV
HO MXJODU TXH DFRPSDxD HO EDLOH GH ORV DXWyPDWDV ORV JDLWHURV \ WDPERULOHURV
ERUUDFKLQHV ODV GDQ]DV GH FDVFDEHO GH ORV SDOXUGRV TXH TXLHUHQ DSDUHQWDU HO
SDQGHUR GH ORV VLPSOHV ORV DOERJXHV SOHEH\RV GH SRFR ÀDU (O WDQWDV YHFHV
PHQFLRQDGR$QGUpV)HUUHUGH9DOGHFHEURHQXQDGLJUHVLyQVREUHODVGLIHUHQWHV
PDQHUDVGHJDQDUVHODYLGDDÀUPD
/RV KRPEUHV XQRV VH VXVWHQWDQ FRQ ODV DUWHV RWURV VH VXVWHQWDQ
FRQDUWHDTXpOORVWLHQHQHQSLHODVUHS~EOLFDVpVWRVODVGHVWUX\HQ>«@
0XFKRVVHVXVWHQWDQUREDQGRFRPRDYHVGHUDSLxDRWURVFDQWDQGR
FRPRORVP~VLFRVRWURVOORUDQGRFRPRORVPHQGLJRVRWURVPDWDQGR
FRQOLFHQFLDFRPRORVPpGLFRVRWURVVLQHOODFRPRPXFKRVJREHU
QDGRUHV\PLQLVWURV>«@
/RUHQ]R2UWL]RSFLWSiJVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
$QGUpV )HUUHU GH 9DOGHFHEUR *RELHUQR JHQHUDO PRUDO \ SROtWLFR KDOODGR HQ ODV DYHV PiV
JHQHURVDV\QREOHV«SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
5REDUFDQWDUOORUDUPDWDU/DFRPSDxtDTXHWLHQHQXHVWURDUWHHVUHYHODGRUD
GHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQVRFLDOTXHPHUHFHQHVRVP~VLFRVTXHQRWLHQHQRWURPRGR
GHJDQDUVHODYLGD$VtHQPXFKDVRFDVLRQHVODVLPSOHPHQFLyQRUHSUHVHQWD
FLyQGHXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRPXVLFDORGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHWHUPLQDGRUHPLWHD
FDWHJRUtDVTXHSUHVXSRQHQORTXHHQRWUROXJDUKHOODPDGRXQDWD[RQRPtDpWLFD
GHODP~VLFDTXHFRQWULEX\HDFRQVROLGDUXQRUGHQVRFLDOIXHUWHPHQWHHVWDPHQ
WDGR\UHFODPDGRFRPRQDWXUDOHLQPXWDEOHUD]yQpVWDSRUODTXH6HEDVWLiQGH
&RYDUUXELDVSDUDIUDVHDQGRD9LUJLOLRKDFHDFLHUWRSDVWRUTXHWDxHXQVXSXHVWR
UDEHO PDQLIHVWDUVH FRQIRUPH FRQ VX FRQGLFLyQ \ QR DVSLUDU D XQ HVWDWXWR PiV
HOHYDGR
3HUR OD P~VLFD RFXSD OXJDUHV PiV HOHYDGRV WDPELpQ QRWDEOHPHQWH HO GHO
FLHOR1RVyORHVWiHQpOFRPRFRQFLHUWRDUPRQLRVRVLQRTXHFRQVWLWX\HHOVRVWpQ
PLVPRGHOXQLYHUVRHQWDQWRTXHVLVWHPDGHSURSRUFLRQHVDULWPpWLFRPXVLFDOHV
FRPRVDEHPRVGHVGHHO7LPHRGH3ODWyQ(VWDDUPRQtDGHORVFRQWUDULRVGHOD
WUDGLFLyQSLWDJyULFDTXHDVHJXUDHORUGHQFyVPLFRODPXVLFDPXQGDQDJDUDQ
WL]DDVLPLVPRODGLVSRVLFLyQDUPyQLFDGHFXHUSR\DOPDHQHOVHUKXPDQROD
PXVLFDKXPDQD\KDOODHFRHQFLHUWDVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHODP~VLFDSUiFWLFD
DXGLEOHHQHOPXQGRVXEOXQDU
4XH'LRVWLHQHSDUWLFXODUFXLGDGRGHODP~VLFDSRQHFRPROHPD%HUQDUGLQR
'D]D3LQFLDQRDOHPEOHPDGH$OFLDWRHQHOTXHODFLJDUUDFULDWXUDFRQVDJUDGDDO
GLRV$SRORUHVWDXUDFRQVXFDQWRODDUPRQtDTXHKDKHFKRSHOLJUDUXQDFXHUGD
URWDGHOOD~G+D\TXHVHxDODUTXHHQODVSULPHUDVHGLFLRQHVHQODVTXHDSDUHFH
HOHPEOHPDODVGH\HOLQVWUXPHQWRHVXQDHVSHFLHGHOLUDRFtWDUD
FOiVLFD PLHQWUDV TXH HQ pVWD GH 'D]D 3LQFLDQR GH HQ OD GHO %URFHQVH
GH\HQODGH&DPSRVGHODVWUHVFRQODVPLVPDVLOXVWUDFLRQHV
VHKDWUDQVIRUPDGRHQXQOD~G\FRPROD~GDSDUHFHWDPELpQHQODYHUVLyQGH
'LHJR/ySH]LPSUHVDHQ1iMHUDHQÀJXUD8QDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQVH
PHMDQWHVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOHPEOHPDHQHOTXHDSDUHFHQUHSUHVHQWDGRV%DFR\
$SRORHQODHGLFLyQGHHVWH~OWLPRSRUWDXQLQVWUXPHQWRFOiVLFRHQWDQWR
TXH HQ ODV GH 'D]D 3LQFLDQR HO %URFHQVH \ &DPSRV VRVWLHQH XQD YLKXHOD GH
DUFRRVHDXQDYLRODGDJDPEDDXQTXHTXL]iODLQWHQFLyQIXHUDUHSUHVHQWDU
XQDO\UDGDJDPEDSDUDKDFHUPiVDMXVWDGDODWUDQVODFLyQDODpSRFDLJXDO
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWIROUY
%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQRRSFLWSiJ
/DVGLIHUHQWHVHGLFLRQHVGH$OFLDWRSXHGHQFRQVXOWDUVHFRQIDFLOLGDGHQZZZPXQFDDOFLDWR
)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJV
-RVp&DPSRV$QGUHDH$OFLDWLHPEOHPDWD«(GLWLRQRYLVVLPDD,RVHSKR&DPSRV«9DOHQFLD
SiJV
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROVUU
%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQRRSFLWSiJ)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJ
-RVp&DPSRVRSFLWSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
TXHHQODGH'LHJR/ySH]TXLHQDÀUPDH[SUHVDPHQWHTXH$SRORHVHOSUtQFLSH
GH OD PHGLFLQD FXDOLGDG pVWD TXH SRVHH HO GLRV GHO 3DUQDVR SRUTXH HQFDUQD
D OD YH] OD DUPRQtD PXVLFDO GHO FRVPRV HQ OD LOXVWUDFLyQ TXH DFRPSDxD D
OD YHUVLyQ GH 'LHJR /ySH] VH SHUFLEHQ FODUDPHQWH ORV WUDVWHV GHO LQVWUXPHQWR
DSROtQHRÀJXUD
/DDUPRQtDLQWHULRUGHOVHUKXPDQRDSDUHFHWUHVYHFHVDOHJRUL]DGDSRUVHQGRV
LQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVHQODV(PSUHVDVPRUDOHVGH-XDQGH%RUMD(OOD~GOH
VLUYHHQSULPHUOXJDUSDUDPRVWUDUODVXSHULRULGDGGHODP~VLFDLQWHULRUVREUHOD
P~VLFDVHQVLEOHSRUPX\DJUDGDEOHTXHpVWDVHDDORtGR\SRUPiVTXHPXHVWUH
DGPLUDEOHPHQWHHQVXPDQLIHVWDFLyQVRQRUDODFRQFLOLDFLyQGHORVFRQWUDULRV
/DFRQFRUGDQFLDHQWUHREUDV\SDODEUDVSRURWUDSDUWHVHKDOODHMHPSOLÀFDGDHQ
ODLPDJHQGHOyUJDQRÀJXUD3RU~OWLPR-XDQGH%RUMDWRPDQGRFRPR
H[FXVDODLPDJHQGHXQDUSDVHVLUYHGHODUHJODHOHPHQWDOGHOFRQWUDSXQWRTXH
LPSLGHGDUFLHUWDVFRQVRQDQFLDVSHUIHFWDVVHJXLGDV\TXHH[LJHODLQWHUFDODFLyQ
GHXQDFRQVRQDQFLDLPSHUIHFWDSDUDGHFODUDU
(QODP~VLFD\KDUPRQtDDXQTXHQRVXHQDELHQDORVRtGRVVLQRODV
HVSHFLHVSHUIHFWDVSHURFRQWRGRHVWRQRVHVXIUHQGDUXQDSHUIHFWD
WUDVRWUDVLQTXHKD\DGHSRUPHGLRDOJXQDFRQVRQDQFLDLPSHUIHFWD
SDUD TXH FRQ DTXHOOD YDULHGDG TXHGH OD KDUPRQtD PiV SHUIHFWD 'H
OD PLVPD PDQHUD OD YLGD TXH YLYLPRV HV FRPR XQD P~VLFD TXH VH
FRPSRQHGHDGYHUVLGDGHV\SURVSHULGDGHV(OTXHODVXSLHUHWHPSODU
GHPDQHUDTXHQLODVSURVSHULGDGHVOHOHYDQWHQVREUHVtQLODVDGYHU
VLGDGHVOHGHUULEHQpVWHWDODFHUWDUiODYHUGDGHUDFRQVRQDQFLDHQTXH
FRQVLVWHODSHUIHFWDKDUPRQtDLQWHULRU &RPRSXHGHYHUVHHVHOLQVWUXPHQWRSROLIyQLFRFRQHOIHOL]UHVXOWDGRTXH
HYRFDHOFRQFXUVRGHVXVHOHPHQWRVVRQRURVGLIHUHQFLDGRVHOLGyQHRSDUDVLP
EROL]DU HO FRQFHSWR SLWDJyULFRSODWyQLFR GH DUPRQtD FRPR XQLyQ FRQFRUGH GH
FRQWUDULRV
6HEDVWLiQ GH &RYDUUXELDV DFXGH D OD YLKXHOD \ DO OD~G SDUD VXJHULU HVDV
YLUWXGHVLQWHULRUHVTXHYHPRVHQ-XDQGH%RUMDHQFRQFUHWRODVDELGXUtDHQHO
UD]RQDUODGLVFUHFLyQ\HOGHFRUR/DGLVFUHFLyQHVVLPEROL]DGDPHGLDQWHHO
yUJDQRSRU/RUHQ]R2UWL]
9LG/HyQ+HEUHR'LiORJRVGH$PRUWUDGXFFLyQGHO,QFD*DUFLODVRGHOD9HJD%XHQRV$LUHV
(VSDVD&DOSHSiJV
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROVUU
-XDQGH%RUMDRSFLWSiJV
,GRSFLWSiJV
,GRSFLWSiJV
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWIROVUY\UY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
¢4XLpQ QR DGPLUD OD VXDYLGDG GH XQ yUJDQR" ¢4XLpQ QR VH VXV
SHQGHDVXDUPRQtD"¢4XLpQQRHQJUDQGH]HVXDUWH\TXLpQQRYHQHUD
VXÀQ"8QSRFRGHYLHQWRELHQFRQGXFLGRHOHYDORVSHQVDPLHQWRVXQ
EUHYHPRYLPLHQWRGHODVPDQRVDXPHQWDODVDODEDQ]DVGH'LRVXQD
GHVLJXDOGDGGHFDxRQHVFRPSRQHXQDXQLIRUPLGDGGHFRQVRQDQFLDTXH
\DVXVSHQGH\DDGPLUD\DHOHYD\\DHQWHUQH]H&RQUD]yQSXHGHQVHU
FRPSDUDGDVODVYR]HVGHXQGLVFUHWRDODVGHXQyUJDQR>«@7LpQHVH
SXHVGHRtUDXQHQWHQGLGRFRPRVHR\HDXQyUJDQRFRQDWHQFLyQ
FRQVLOHQFLRFRQDGPLUDFLyQ\FRQDODEDQ]D
7DPELpQVHxDOD2UWL]ODFDPSDQDGHOUHORMFRPRPDQLIHVWDFLyQH[WHUQDGHOD
DUPRQtD\FRQFLHUWRLQWHULRU$XQTXHVHDSDUWHXQWDQWRGHOFRQFHSWRGHPXVLFD
KXPDQDTXHHVWDPRVFRPHQWDQGRPHUHFHODSHQDWUDHUDFRODFLyQODLPDJLQDWLYD
DQDORJtDTXHHVWDEOHFHHVWHDXWRUHQWUHHODUSD\ODDPLVWDGYHUGDGHUDtQWHJUDHO
KHFKRGHHVWDUGLVSXHVWDVVXVFXHUGDVDODLUHKDFHTXHVXHQHQHQWRGDVXORQJLWXG
HQVXLQWHJULGDGPLHQWUDVTXHHQORVLQVWUXPHQWRVFRQWUDVWHV\PiVWLOFDGDXQD
GH HOODV VXHQD FRQ PXFKD IUHFXHQFLD DFRUWDGD \ SURGXFH VRQLGRV GLVWLQWRV OR
TXHHVVLJQRGHGREOH]SDUDHOMHVXLWD
(QWUH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH FXHUGD WLHQH R GHEH WHQHU HO DUSD OD
SULPDFtDSRUTXHVLPEROL]DQVXVYR]HVFRQODYR]GHXQDPLJR7RGRV
ORVGHPiVLQVWUXPHQWRVDXQTXHVXHQDQELHQQRVXHQDQYHUGDGXQD
YR]RXQVRQLGRWLHQHHQHOORVFDGDFXHUGDSHURFDVLQXQFDVXHQDOR
TXHHVSRUTXHHODUWHHQORVWUDVWHV\ODRSUHVLyQGHORVGHGRVKD]H
TXHVLUYDGHPXFKRV>VRQLGRV@\HVWR\DHVGREOH]\DQRHVDPLVWDG
(ODUSDSRUORFRQWUDULRQRDGPLWHTXHOOHJXHQDVXVFXHUGDVVLQRHV
SDUDDUPRQtD\HOODVGHVGHOXHJRGL]HQORTXHVRQ$VtKDQGHVHU\
DVtVRQODVYR]HVGHORVDPLJRVGXOFHVFODUDVYHUGDGHUDV
(OLQVWUXPHQWRSROLIyQLFRRSROLFRUGHELHQWHPSODGRHVHQORVWUDWDGRVGH
HGXFDFLyQ GH SUtQFLSHV VtPEROR UHFXUUHQWH GH XQD UHS~EOLFD RUGHQDGD GH XQ
FXHUSRVRFLDODUPyQLFDPHQWHGLVSXHVWR/DDUPRQtDUHVXOWDQWHGHVXVGLIHUHQWHV
FXHUGDVRFDxRVHVDOHJRUtDGHOEXHQJRELHUQRHVWRHVGHODMXVWLFLDTXHHOJR
EHUQDQWHFRPREXHQWDxHGRULPSDUWHVDELHQGRWHPSODU\DFRUGDUORVHOHPHQWRV
GLVtPLOHVGHTXHVHFRPSRQHQVXVGRPLQLRV$XQTXHQRSHUWHQH]FDHQULJRUD
/RUHQ]R2UWL]RSFLWSiJV
,GRSFLWSiJV
,GRSFLWSiJ
3DUDPiVGHWDOOHVVREUHHOSDUWLFXODUYLG/XLV5REOHGR(VWDLUH©(OOXJDUGHODP~VLFDHQOD
HGXFDFLyQ GHO SUtQFLSH KXPDQLVWDª HQ 0pODQJHV GH OD &DVD GH 9HOi]TXH] HQ SUHQVD FRPXQLFDFLyQ
SUHVHQWDGDHQODPHVDUHGRQGD0~VLFD\/LWHUDWXUDHQOD(VSDxDGHOD(GDG0HGLD\GHO5HQDFLPLHQWR
&DVDGH9HOi]TXH]GHMXQLRGH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
QLQJ~QOLEURGHHPEOHPDVPHUHFHODSHQDWUDHUDFRODFLyQXQJUDEDGRUHDOL]D
GRHQSRU)UDQFHVFR9LOODPHQDSRUTXHLOXVWUDSHUIHFWDPHQWHORDQWHULRU
&RURQDGRV SRU HO UHWUDWR GH )HOLSH ,,, DSDUHFHQ UHSUHVHQWDGRV ORV WHUULWRULRV
SHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODPRQDUTXtDKLVSiQLFDHQWRUQRDXQDPHVDFHQWUDOVREUHODTXH
UHSRVDXQYLROtQFRQXQDODQ]DDPRGRGHDUFRODLPDJHQGHODWHPSODQ]DHO
YLROtQTXHPLWLJDHOHMHUFLFLRGHODIXHU]DODODQ]D\DVHJXUDXQJRELHUQRMXVWR
FRPRGHFODUDODVHQWHQFLDGH+RUDFLREDMRHOLQVWUXPHQWR/RVGLRVHVIDYRUHFHQ
WDPELpQODIXHU]DWHPSHUDGD(OFRQMXQWRDVtKDSRGLGRVHUEDXWL]DGRFRPR
$OHJRUtDVREUHODWHPSODQ]DGHOSRGHUGH)HOLSH,,,ÀJXUD
/D OLWHUDWXUD HPEOHPiWLFD SRU VX PDUFDGD RULHQWDFLyQ pWLFRSROtWLFD KDFH
EXHQXVRGHHVWDDQDORJtD\ODUHFUHDFRQGLVWLQWDVYDULDQWHV\FRQQRWDFLRQHV<D
HQODVSULPHUDVHGLFLRQHVGH$QGUHD$OFLDWRVHPXHVWUDXQOD~GFRPRVtPEROR
GHOFXLGDGRTXHKDGHWHQHUHOSUtQFLSHSDUDPDQWHQHUHQFRQFRUGLDDVXVDOLD
GRV(VWHLQVWUXPHQWRVHJXLUiSUHVHQWHHQODVYHUVLRQHVHVSDxRODVODGH'D]D
3LQFLDQRODGHO%URFHQVHFX\DLOXVWUDFLyQHVODPLVPDODGH'LHJR/ySH]
ÀJXUD\ODGH-RVp&DPSRVTXHWLHQHODPLVPDLOXVWUDFLyQTXHODGH'D]D
3LQFLDQR\TXHODGHO%URFHQVH
(QGLIHUHQWHVREVHUYDFLRQHVDORODUJRGHVXV(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDV6DDYHGUD
)DMDUGR KDFH GHO JREHUQDQWH HO HQFDUJDGR GH OOHYDU HO FRPSiV WHPSODQGR OR
DJXGR FRQ OR JUDYH GHO LQVWUXPHQWR FRQVRQDQWH TXH HV OD UHS~EOLFD 3HUR
DGHPiVGHGLFDWRGRXQHPEOHPDDGHVDUUROODUODDQDORJtDHQWUHXQLQVWUXPHQWR
PXVLFDOSROLFRUGH\ODDUPRQtDTXHGHEHUHJLUHQWUHORVGLIHUHQWHVHVWDPHQWRV\
HQWUHODVGLIHUHQWHVSRVHVLRQHVTXHLQWHJUDQHOHVWDGRDVtFRPRHOHQWHQGLPLHQWR
SUXGHQFLD \ PHVXUD FRQ TXH KD GH WHPSODUOR \ WDxHUOR HO JREHUQDQWH %DMR OD
LPDJHQGHXQDUSDFRURQDGDÀJXUDHOHVWDGLVWDH[SRQHVXGLVFXUVRDOTXH
GDUHPDWHFRQXQDVSDODEUDVTXHFRQWLHQHQLQIRUPDFLyQYDOLRVDVREUHODSUiFWLFD
LQVWUXPHQWDOGHODpSRFD
&DGDXQRGHORVUHLQRVHVLQVWUXPHQWRGLVWLQWRGHORWURHQODQDWX
UDOH]D\GLVSRVLFLyQGHVXVFXHUGDVTXHVRQORVYDVDOORV<DVtFRQ
GLYHUVDPDQR\GHVWUH]DVHKDQGHWRFDU\JREHUQDU8QUHLQRVXHOH
VHU FRPR OD DUSD TXH QR VRODPHQWH KD PHQHVWHU OR EODQGR GH ODV
\HPDVGHORVGHGRVVLQRWDPELpQORGXURGHODVXxDV2WURHVFRPR
HOFODYLFRUGLRHQTXLHQFDUJDQDPEDVPDQRVSDUDTXHGHODRSUHVLyQ
(OJUDEDGR\ODH[SOLFDFLyQSXHGHQYHUVHHQ/RV$XVWULDVJUDEDGRVGHOD%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO
FDWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ0DGULG%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO-XOLR2OOHURSiJV
%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQRRSFLWSiJV
)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJV
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROVUY
-RVp&DPSRVRSFLWSiJV
'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRRSFLWYROSiJV\YROSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
UHVXOWHODFRQVRQDQFLD2WURHVWDQGHOLFDGRFRPRODFtWDUDTXHDXQ
QRVXIUHORVGHGRV\FRQXQDOLJHUDSOXPDUHVXHQDGXOFHPHQWH<DVt
HVWpHOSUtQFLSHPX\DGYHUWLGRHQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHVWRVLQVWUXPHQ
WRVGHVXVUHLQRV\GHODVFXHUGDVGHVXVYDVDOORVSDUDWHQHOODVELHQ
WHPSODGDVVLQWRUFHUFRPRHQ'LRVORFRQVLGHUy6DQ&ULVyVWRPRFRQ
PXFKDVHYHULGDGRFXGLFLDVXVFODYLMDVSRUTXHODPiVÀQDFXHUGDVL
QRTXLHEUDTXHGDUHVHQWLGD\ODGLVRQDQFLDGHXQDGHVFRPSRQHDODV
GHPiV\VDOWDQWRGDV
(QHVWHWUDWDGRHQFRQWUDPRVRWUDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDLQWHUHVDQWH\RULJLQDOHQWUH
ODFRKHVLyQGHOFXHUSRVRFLDO\ODSUiFWLFDGHODP~VLFDHMHPSOLÀFDGDpVWDHQ
ORVFDQWRVGHWUDEDMRGHORVPDULQHURVGLVSXWDQGRVREUHHOVHQWLGRÀJXUDGRGHO
]XPELGRTXHSURGXFHQODVDEHMDVGLFH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR
>«@SRUTXHDTXHOPXUPXULRQRHVGLVRQDQFLDGHYROXQWDGHVVLQR
FRQFRUGDQFLDGHYRFHVFRQTXHVHDOLHQWDQ\DQLPDQDODREUDGHVXV
SDQDOHV FRPR OD GH ORV PDULQHURV SDUD L]DU ODV YHODV \ KDFHU RWUDV
IDHQDV
-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDHVRWURGHORVWUDWDGLVWDVSROtWLFRVHPEOHPLVWDVTXH
PiVDEXQGDHQHOVLVWHPDGHDOHJRUtDVDQWHULRU(QXQHPEOHPDTXHFRPHQWDUHPRV
PiVDGHODQWHFRQVLGHUDODUHJLDFDQWLOHQDLPSOLFDGDHQORVQ~PHURVPXVLFDOHV
GHODVOH\HVFRPRHOHOHPHQWRTXHWHPSODODSUXGHQFLDODMXVWLFLDODIRUWDOH]D
\ODVGHPiVYLUWXGHV\DOJREHUQDQWHFRPRDXQWDxHGRUTXHVDEHWHPSODUVX
LQVWUXPHQWR/DWHPSODQ]DHQODLPSDUWLFLyQGHODMXVWLFLDODPRGXODFLyQGHO
ULJRUHVDVLPLVPRREMHWRGHRWURHPEOHPDHQHOTXHDSDUHFHQUHSUHVHQWDGDVODV
PXVDVFRQGLIHUHQWHVLQVWUXPHQWRVPXVLFDOHVDVXVSLHV4XL]iGHVGHHOSXQWR
GHYLVWDPXVLFDOHOHPEOHPDPiVVXJHUHQWHVHDHOTXHPXHVWUDDXQDUSLVWDWHP
SODQGRVXLQVWUXPHQWRFRQXQDOODYHGHDÀQDUMXQWRDXQDVHULHGHFXHUGDVURWDV
HQHOVXHORÀJXUD(OOHPDHOHSLJUDPD\HOFRPHQWDULRWLHQHQFRPRPRWLYR
FHQWUDOODUHFRPHQGDFLyQGHTXHHOJREHUQDQWHVHDMXVWRWDxHGRUGHOUHLQRTXH
DQWHODGLVRQDQFLDGHXQDFXHUGDGHVXUHS~EOLFDQRPXHVWUHHQHOFRUUHFWLYRWDQWR
ULJRUTXHODTXLHEUHVLQRTXHFRQVXDYLGDG\GXO]XUDODUHGX]FDDFRQVRQDQFLD
6XEUD\D DGHPiV HO DXWRU FLWDQGR D 6DDYHGUD )DMDUGR OD LPSRUWDQFLD TXH KD
,GRSFLWYROSiJV3DUDHOFRWHMRGHODHGLFLyQGH0XQLFKFRQODGH0LOiQ
\RWUDVREVHUYDFLRQHVVREUHHVWHHPEOHPDYLG'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDVHG
6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJV
,GRSFLWYROSiJ
-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDRSFLWSiJ
,GRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
DGTXLULGRHODUSDFRPRVtPERORGHXQFXHUSRVRFLDODUPyQLFRHQHOTXHFDGD
V~EGLWRRFXSDVXOXJDUSUHFLVR'HVGHOXHJRHVWDLPSRUWDQFLDFRUUHSDUHMDDO
SURWDJRQLVPRGHOLQVWUXPHQWRHQODYLGDPXVLFDOHVSDxRODGHOVLJOR;9,,/RSH
GH9HJDQRVRIUHFHXQWHVWLPRQLRTXHSDUWLFLSDDGHPiVGHOXQLYHUVRDOHJyULFR
TXHHVWDPRVH[SORUDQGRHVFXDQGR'RURWHDWRPDXQDUSDGHGRVyUGHQHV\GLFH
DGRQ%HOD©3HUGRQDGHODÀQDUODTXHHVQRWDEOHHOJRELHUQRGHVWDUHS~EOLFDGH
FXHUGDVª2WUDDQDORJtDPXVLFDOTXHGHSDVDGDWUDH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDHVOD
DUPRQtDUHVXOWDQWHGHODPH]FODHQWUHLQWHUYDORVGHGLVWLQWDHVSHFLHFRPRDOH
JRUtDGHODGHVHDEOHYDULHGDGHQODVRSLQLRQHVGHORVFRQVHMHURV3RU~OWLPR
YXHOYHDDOXGLUHQRWUROXJDUDOLQVWUXPHQWRSROLFRUGH\VXVLPERORJtD(VWH
~OWLPRSDVDMHHVFRPHQWDGRWDPELpQSRUHOMHVXLWD$QGUpV0HQGRTXHXWLOL]y
ODVLOXVWUDFLRQHV\EXHQDSDUWHGHOFRQWHQLGRGHOWUDWDGRDQWHULRUHQVX3UtQFLSH
SHUIHFWR\PLQLVWURVDMXVWDGRVGRFXPHQWRVSROtWLFRV\PRUDOHVHQHPEOHPDV
KDFLHQGRHVSHFLDOKLQFDSLpHQDVSHFWRVHVSHFtÀFDPHQWHPXVLFDOHV\DPSOLDQGR
ODDQDORJtDDXQFRQMXQWRYRFDO
7RFDQGR$PSKLyQVXO\UDVHLEDHGLÀFDQGRODFLXGDGGH7KHEDV
HQVHxDQGRHQODFRQVRQDQFLDGHODVFXHUGDVGHVXLQVWUXPHQWRP~VLFR
TXHSDUDODGXUDFLyQGHDTXHOODFLXGDGKDEtDQGHVHUVXVPRUDGRUHV
XQD O\UD ELHQ WHPSODGD HQ TXH VLQ VHU LJXDOHV IXHVHQ FRQIRUPHV
FRPRODVFXHUGDVHQTXHODVPiVGHOJDGDVODVPHGLDQDV\ODVJUXHVDV
FRQFXHUGDQHQWUHVtVLQGLVRQDQFLD\HVRPLVPRVHYHHQXQDFDSL
OOD GH YR]HV HQ TXH ORV WLSOHV FRQWUDOWRV \ EDMRV IRUPDQ KDUPRQtD
FRQFHUWDGD
)UDQFLVFR*yPH]GHOD5HJXHUDXWLOL]DWDPELpQHOVtPLOGHOLQVWUXPHQWRGH
FXHUGDDXQTXHVLQLOXVWUDUORFRPRVLPEyOLFDDUPRQtDTXHWDxHHOVREHUDQR
(V LQWHUHVDQWH YHU FyPR VH DFHUFDQ DO WHPD TXH HVWDPRV FRPHQWDQGR GRV
DXWRUHV HQ]DU]DGRV HQ SROpPLFD D FXHQWD GH OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GH OD GRFWULQD
SROtWLFDGH6pQHFD-XDQ%DxRVGH9HODVFR\)UDQFLVFRGH=iUUDJD(OSULPHUR
RIUHFHXQHPEOHPDTXHPXHVWUDXQUH\HQVXWURQRWDxHQGRXQDYLJHODEDMRHO
OHPDURWDVQRVXHQDQGHOTXHVHVLUYHSDUDUHFRPHQGDUEHQLJQLGDG\FOHPHQ
,GRSFLWSiJV
/RSHGH9HJD/D'RURWHDHG(GZLQ60RUE\0DGULG&DVWDOLDSiJ
,GRSFLWSiJ
,GRSFLWSiJV
$QGUpV 0HQGR 3UtQFLSH SHUIHFWR \ PLQLVWURV DMXVWDGRV GRFXPHQWRV SROtWLFRV \ PRUDOHV HQ
HPEOHPDV/\RQ'RFXPHQWR/SiJ
)UDQFLVFR*yPH]GHOD5HJXHUD(PSUHVDVGHORVUH\HVGH&DVWLOOD\GH/HyQHG&pVDU+HU
QiQGH]$ORQVR9DOODGROLG8QLYHUVLGDGSiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
FLDDOJREHUQDQWHHQHOVHQWLGRTXH\DKHPRVYLVWRHQ6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR\HQ
6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDDXQTXHQRORVFLWDÀJXUD
0DUDYLOORVDHVODDFRUGHDUPRQtDGHXQDYLJHODRFtWDUDFX\DGXO
FHFRQVRQDQFLDHOHYDORVVHQWLGRVGH[iQGRORVVXVSHQVRVHQHOp[WDVLV
GHHVWDJXVWRVDDWHQFLyQFRQTXHREOLJDDTXHVHHVFXFKHQVXVYR]HV
IXQGDGDVHQODGLYHUVLGDGGHFXHUGDVTXHHVWLUiQGRVHSURSRUFLRQDEOH
PHQWHHQHOFRQWUDSXQWRKD]HQWRFDGDVMXQWDVXQVXDYtVLPRHFR6XHOH
GHVWHPSODUVHDOJXQDWDOYH]PDVHOGRFWRPDHVWURWRPDODFODYLMD\
HVWLUDQGRODFXHUGDODDVHJXUDKDVWDGH[DUODHQHOSXQWRQHFHVDULRVL
DSULHWDSRFRQRLJXDODSRUVXÁR[HGDGVLODHVWLUDGHPDVLDGRVDOWD
OXHJR\GHVXTXLHEUDUHGXQGDOXHJRODLPSHUIHFFLyQGHODVGHPiV«
VLHQGRPiVJORULRVRWHPSODUFRQORPRGHUDGRGHOFDVWLJRODGLVRQDQFLD
FXOSDGDTXHYHQJDWLYRKD]HUODVDOWDUFRQODPXHUWHDIUHQWRVDGHVX
MXVWLFLD
/DUHVSXHVWDGH=iUUDJDHVFRQWXQGHQWH\FRQVWLWX\HFDVLXQGHVDItRDQWHXQD
VXSXHVWDFRQGHVFHQGHQFLDSRUSDUWHGHOPRQDUFD
9HUGDG HV TXH QR VH KD GH DSUHWDU WDQWR OD FODYLMD TXH VDOWH OD
FXHUGD KDEODQGR FRP~QPHQWH 3HUR FXDQGR OD FXHUGD HV WDQ IDOVD
TXH QHFHVLWD GH ED[DU WRGD OD UHS~EOLFD DFRUGH SDUD TXH QR GLVXHQH
WDQWRHVPHQRVLQFRQYHQLHQWHTXHDpVWHVHOHFRUWHHOKLORGHODYLGD
TXH ED[DU GH SXQWR OR ÀQR GH ODV GHPiV< DXQTXH URWD QR VXHQD
DOURPSHUVHVRQDUiVXHVFDUPLHQWR\FRQHOHVWDOOLGRDFDVRKHULUiOD
PDQRGHOP~VLFRDYLViQGROHTXHQRSRQJDHQVXLQVWUXPHQWRFXHU
GDV WDQ IDOVDV TXH VH YXHOYDQ FRQWUD VX GXHxR /DV PD\RUHV KD]HQ
FRQVRQDQFLDFRQODVPHQRUHV>DOPDUJHQFLWDGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR@
ORVWLSOHVFRQORVWHQRUHV\FRQWUDOWRVFDGDXQRHQVXSXQWRSHURVL
HVIDOVDDQLQJ~QSXQWRVHDFRPRGD7pPSOHVHDQWHVGHKHULUVHSDUD
FRUUHJLU VX ÁRJHGDG >DO PDUJHQ FLWD GH 6ROyU]DQR 3HUHLUD@ HVWR HV
PX\EXHQRSDUDORVLQWHQWRVGH6DDYHGUD\6ROyUoDQRSHURQRHVGHO
FDVRSUHVHQWHSRUTXHHVGHPDVLDGDFOHPHQFLD\FRPRGL[R6pQHFD
SLHGDGFUXHO
&RQRFHPRVELHQODVHQVDFLyQWDQGHVDJUDGDEOHTXHVHH[SHULPHQWDFXDQGR
HVWDOODXQDFXHUGDHQHOLQVWUXPHQWR\HOGHVDPSDURTXHHPEDUJDDOHMHFXWDQWH
Anterior
-XDQ%DxRVGH9HODVFR\$FHYHGRRSFLWSiJV
)UDQFLVFRGH=iUUDJDRSFLWSiJV
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
VLVHKDOODIUHQWHDXQS~EOLFRHOPLVPRTXHVXJLHUH=iUUDJDSDUDHOJREHUQDQWH
KHULGDODPDQRDQWHVXSURSLDLQFDSDFLGDG\IDOWDGHSUHYLVLyQ
(QORTXHVtHVWiQGHDFXHUGRORVGRVOLWLJDQWHVPHQFLRQDGRVDXQTXHJXVWHQ
GHORFRQWUDULRHVHQTXHHOUH\LQVWUXPHQWRPXVLFDOpOPLVPRQRSXHGHGHV
WHPSODUVH QR SXHGH GHVHQWRQDU OD YR] QXQFD FRPR GLFH %DxRV GH9HODVFR
3DUDLOXVWUDUODLGHDDQWHULRU)UDQFLVFRGH=iUUDJDSUHVHQWDXQHPEOHPDFRQXQD
UpSOLFD GHO DUSD FRURQDGD TXH KDEtD XWLOL]DGR 6DDYHGUD )DMDUGR EDMR HO OHPD
GHVWHPSODGD KDFH GLVRQDQFLD ÀJXUD TXH OH GD RFDVLyQ SDUD HQWUH RWUDV
FRQVLGHUDFLRQHVKDFHUXQHORJLRGHHVWHLQVWUXPHQWR
(VHOKDUSDLQVWUXPHQWRUHDO\DSRUVHUGLJQDHPSUHVDGH'DYLG
\DSRUVHUHOSUtQFLSHGHORVDFRUGHVLQVWUXPHQWRV$OSDVRTXHELHQ
WHPSODGD HV GXOFH VXVSHQVLyQ GH ORV VHQWLGRV VL VH GHVWHPSODQ VXV
FXHUGDV\GHVHQWRQDQVXVYR]HVKD]HWDQWDGLVRQDQFLDTXHSLHUGHOD
HVWLPDFLyQ\HVDVXPSWRGHOGHVSUHFLRSRSXODU6LPEROtoDVHHQHVWH
UHDOLQVWUXPHQWRHOiQLPRUHDOTXHVLHVWiDFRUGH\HQVXSXQWRWLHQH
SHQGLHQWHVGHVXDUPRQtDODVDWHQFLRQHVGHWRGRVVLGHVWHPSODGRHQ
VXVSRWHQFLDV\GHVFRPSXHVWRHQVXVYR]HVVHVXJHWDDTXHFHQVXUH
HOYXOJRVXVGLVRQDQFLDVSHUGLHQGRFRQLQGHFHQFLDDODPDJHVWDGHO
GHFRUR6RQODVFXHUGDVGHHVWHLQVWUXPHQWRPRUDOORVDIHFWRV\SDVLR
QHV3HUFtEHQVHVXVHFRVSRUPHGLRGHORVVHQWLGRVH[WHUQRV6LODYR]
VHGHVHQWRQDHVSRUTXHORVVHQWLGRVVHGHVWHPSODQTXHVLODVFXHUGDV
HVWXYLHUDQHQVXSXQWRKL]LHUDQXQDSHUIHFWDFRQVRQDQFLD
/DDQDORJtDOOHYDGDDFDERHQHVWHHPEOHPDFRQFXHUGD\DVtORVHxDOD=i
UUDJDFRQODFDPSDQDGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRTXHPRVWUiEDPRVDOSULQFLSLRDOD
YH]TXHJXDUGDXQDUHODFLyQPX\HVWUHFKDFRQHOFRQFHSWRGHPXVLFDKXPDQD
HQTXHVHFLIUDQODYLUWXGLQWHULRU\HOGHFRURFRPRKHPRVYLVWR
(OLQVWUXPHQWRGHFXHUGDHVWDPELpQSDUD-XDQ)UDQFLVFR)HUQiQGH]GH+H
UHGLDVtPERORGHODDUPRQtDHQHOFXHUSRVRFLDOTXHQRDGPLWHGRVJREHUQDQWHV
GHOPLVPRPRGRTXH©QRSXHGHKDEHUFRQVRQDQFLDSXOVDGRHOLQVWUXPHQWRGH
GRVPDQRVTXHXQDVXEDORVSXQWRV\RWUDORVED[HXQDSXQWpHODVFXHUGDV\
RWUDODVUDVJXHª(QRWUROXJDUDOXGHD©ORVWUDVWHVGHOJRELHUQR\HODIiQGHOD
PDQRSDUDWHPSODUVXVFXHUGDVª
1RVyORFRQXQLQVWUXPHQWRRFRQXQFRQMXQWRYRFDOVLQRFRQXQDGDQ]DGH
FXHQWDVHFRPSDUDWDPELpQODUHS~EOLFDFRPRHVHOFDVRGH)UDQFLVFR1~xH]
GH&HSHGDTXLHQGHGLFDXQHPEOHPDDUHFRPHQGDUODDOWHUQDQFLDGHVXDYLGDG
-XDQ%DxRVGH9HODVFR\$FHYHGRRSFLWSiJV
)UDQFLVFRGH=iUUDJDRSFLWSiJV
-XDQ)UDQFLVFR)HUQiQGH]GH+HUHGLDRSFLWSiJV\UHVS
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
\ULJRUHQWRGRJRELHUQRUHJLGRDOVRQGHXQLQVWUXPHQWRTXHHQODLOXVWUDFLyQ
QRHVRWURTXHHODUSD
(VODUHS~EOLFDXQVDUDRGHFXHQWDELHQFRQFHUWDGRFX\RSULPRU
FRQVLVWHHQTXHJXDUGDQGRFDGDXQRGHORVFLXGDGDQRVVXSURSRUFLyQ
\VXSXHVWRVHPXHYDQWRGRVDOFRPSiVGHODDFRUGHP~VLFDGHODV
OH\HVTXHFRPSRQHQHOVDOWHULRGHGLH]FXHUGDVRSUHFHSWRVGLYLQRV
FRQTXH'DYLGDFRQVHMDEDDOSXHEORDFRPSDxDVHVXVYRFHV
([LVWHSXHVXQDUHDOLGDGPXVLFDOTXHHVHYRFDGDRUHFUHDGDHQORVHPEOHPDV
\TXHHVDVXPLGDQRVyORVLQFRQQRWDFLRQHVSH\RUDWLYDVVLQRGHPDQHUDDOWDPHQWH
SRVLWLYD&LHUWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVFLHUWRVJpQHURVYRFDOHVRFLHUWDVGDQ]DVSRVHHQ
XQHVWDWXWRHOHYDGRTXHORVKDFHPHUHFHGRUHVGHSDUWLFLSDUHQHOUHSHUWRULRGH
VtPERORVFRQTXHDOHJRUL]DUDTXHOODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVRFRQFHSWRVTXHTXLHUHQ
VHUHVSHMRGHXQDLPDJHQGHOPXQGRODFXOWXUD\ODVRFLHGDG$VXYH]GLFKR
HVWDWXWRHVUHIRU]DGRSRUXQDODUJDWUDGLFLyQGHOXJDUHVFRPXQHVUHHODERUDGRV
\SXHVWRVDOGtD
6LODUHS~EOLFDHVLQVWUXPHQWRDUPyQLFR\HOJREHUQDQWHGLHVWURWDxHGRUFDEH
HVSHUDUTXHODSUiFWLFDGHODP~VLFDSRUSDUWHGHpVWHVHDFRQVLGHUDGDQDWXUDO
UHPHGR GH ODV ODERUHV GHO JRELHUQR \ HMHUFLFLR VDOXGDEOH 3HUR VyOR HV DVt HQ
SDUWH2WUDGHODVFRQVWDQWHVHQORVWUDWDGRVSDUDODHGXFDFLyQGHOSUtQFLSHHVOD
DFWLWXGDPELYDOHQWHIUHQWHDHVWDFXHVWLyQ-XQWRDQXPHURVRVWHVWLPRQLRVGHOD
DQWLJHGDGFOiVLFDODDXWRULGDGGH$ULVWyWHOHVFRQVWLWX\HODUHIHUHQFLDPiVVyOLGD
HQFXDQWRDODDWHQFLyQTXHKDGHGHGLFDUHOJREHUQDQWHDODP~VLFDSUiFWLFD&RPR
HVELHQVDELGRpVWHKDEtDGHFODUDGRHQVX3ROtWLFDODXWLOLGDG\FRQYHQLHQFLDGH
ODSUiFWLFDPXVLFDOHQODHGXFDFLyQGHODVFODVHVDOWDVSRUWRGDVODVFXDOLGDGHV
pWLFDVSRVLWLYDVDVRFLDGDVDHOODDFRQGLFLyQGHTXHQRVHFRQWLQXDVHVXHMHUFLFLR
HQODHGDGDGXOWD\GHTXHHOMRYHQQRVHHQJROIDVHHQFRPSOHMLGDGHVWpFQLFDV
\DTXHGHRFXSDFLyQOLEHUDOSDVDUtDDFRQYHUWLUVHHQVHUYLO\PHFiQLFD$SDUWLU
GHHVWHGREOHUDVHURFDGDSUHFHSWLVWDSRQGUiHOpQIDVLVHQXQDXRWUDYHUWLHQWH
GHOSUREOHPDFRPRYHPRVWDPELpQHQODHPEOHPiWLFD
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVSRUHMHPSORVHPXHVWUDPX\FUtWLFRFRQODSUiF
WLFDGHFXDOTXLHUDUWHPHFiQLFDSRUSDUWHGHOUH\\GHPRGRPX\VLJQLÀFDWL
YR SRQH FRPR LOXVWUDFLyQ GH VX GLVFXUVR XQ LQVWUXPHQWR PXVLFDO ÀJXUD GHFODUDQGR
5DIDHO*DUFtD0DKLTXHV(PSUHVDVVDFUDVGH1~xH]GH&HSHGD0DGULG7XHURSiJV
/XLV 5REOHGR (VWDLUH ©(O OXJDU GH OD P~VLFD HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ GHO SUtQFLSH KXPDQLVWDª RS
FLW
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
6LVXSLHUHP~VLFD>HOUH\@QRVHIDWLJXHSRUVHUFRQWUDSXQWDQWHQL
FRPSRQHGRUQLHQORVLQVWUXPHQWRVP~VLFRVJDVWHPXFKRWLHPSRSRU
ORVDSUHQGHUDFRUGiQGRVHGHORTXHGL[R)LOLSRUH\GH0DFHGRQLD
DVXKLMR$OH[DQGURHQXQFRPELWH+DELHQGRSDVDGRODYLJHODSUL
PHURSRURWURVFXDQGROOHJyVXWDQGDWDxy\FDQWyHVWUHPDGDPHQWH
UHSUHKHQGLyOHFRQHVWDVSDODEUDVWHQHPSDFKRGHKDEHUFDQWDGRWDQ
ELHQ<FRPRHODUWHGHUHLQDUFRPSUHKHQGDHQVtWDQWDVFRVDV\WDQ
JUDYHVQRVHFRPSDGHFHQFRQODVYXOJDUHV\RUGLQDULDV<HVRHVOR
TXHQRVDGYLHUWHHOHPEOHPDIXQGDGRHQXQSURYHUELR$OLXGSOHFWUXP
DOLXGVFHSWUXP
/DDQpFGRWDGH)LOLSR\$OHMDQGURHVFLWDGDFRQSURIXVLyQHQORVOLEURVGH
HPEOHPDVDXQTXHQRVLHPSUHFRQODFDUJDWDQRPLQRVDTXHOHGD&RYDUUXELDV
7DPELpQDSDUHFHHQRWURVDXWRUHVHOOHPDDWULEXLGRD6WUDWyQLFRTXHHOLJH$OLXG
SOHFWUXPDOLXGVFHSWUXP©8QDFRVDHVHOSOHFWUR\RWUDHOFHWURªTXHHQHO
HSLJUDPDSDUDIUDVHDDVt(ODUWHGHUHLQDUHVGLIHUHQWHGHOTXHHVWiHQODYLJHOD
\HQHOFDQWR(QHOMXLFLRQHJDWLYRGH&RYDUUXELDVVXE\DFHODGXDOLGDGGHOD
P~VLFDDTXH \D KHPRV DOXGLGR \ TXH GHVGH 3ODWyQ TXHGD SODVPDGD GUiVWLFD
PHQWHHQVXGREOHFRQGLFLyQGHDUWHOLEHUDOOLJDGDDOQ~PHUR\DODUD]yQ\GH
DUWHPHFiQLFDUHOHJDGDDOPXQGRVHQVRULDOLUUDFLRQDO3HUR HV SRVLEOHTXHHO
HPEOHPDGH&RYDUUXELDVWHQJDRWUDVFRQQRWDFLRQHVOLJDGDVPiVHVWUHFKDPHQWH
DVXPRPHQWRKLVWyULFRHVWDPRVHQ3RUHOQ~PHURGHFXHUGDV\FODYLMDV
VHLVHOLQVWUXPHQWRUHSUHVHQWDGRUHVSRQGHFDVLFRQVHJXULGDGDXQDYLKXHODGH
DUFRHVGHFLUDXQDYLRODGDJDPEDVLELHQRVWHQWDHOFODYLMHURIURQWDOFDUDFWH
UtVWLFRGHODOLUDGDJDPEDLQVWUXPHQWRGHOTXHHUDFRQVXPDGRWDxHGRU)HOLSH
,,,\HQHOTXHHPSOHDEDMXQWRFRQODGDQ]DEXHQDSDUWHGHVXWLHPSR1RHV
LPSUREDEOHDVtTXHHOHPEOHPDFRQVWLWX\DXQUHSURFKHYHODGRDOPRQDUFD
£6LKXELHVHVDELGR&RYDUUXELDVTXHHOVXFHVRUHQHOWURQRKDEUtDGHVHUQR
VyORWDxHGRUGHYLKXHODGHDUFRVLQRFRPSRQHGRU'HKHFKRODDÀFLyQ\SHULFLD
PXVLFDOHVGH)HOLSH,9DODEDGDVSRUPXFKRVFRQWHPSRUiQHRVVHVREUHHQWLHQGHQ
HQVHQGDVPHQFLRQHVGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD\$QGUpV
0HQGR(OSULPHURORKDFHHQXQHPEOHPDGHVXV(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDVPHGLDQWH
HOFXDOH[SRQHODFRQYHQLHQFLDGHTXHODFLHQFLDSROtWLFDVHDGRUQH\VHSXODFRQ
ODVOHWUDV\ODVDUWHVOLEHUDOHVSHURHQWUHpVWDVLQFOX\HODP~VLFDFRPRDFWLYLGDG
SUiFWLFDGLULJLpQGRVHGHHVWHPRGRDOSUtQFLSH%DOWDVDU&DUORV
>«@DTXHWDPELpQVHDSOLFDODPDJHVWDGGH)HOLSH&XDUWRSDGUH
GH9$FXDQGRGHSRQHORVFXLGDGRVGHDPERVPXQGRV
Anterior
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWIROUY
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
(QVHJXLGD DGYLHUWH GH ODV FRQGLFLRQHV SDUD WDO SUiFWLFD TXH OR KDJD HQ
SULYDGRVREUHWRGRFXDQGRHQWUDHQHGDGGHJREHUQDU\TXHQRHPSOHHGHPD
VLDGRWLHPSRQLGHPDVLDGRHPSHxR/DLOXVWUDFLyQTXHDSDUHFLyHQODSULPHUD
HGLFLyQSXEOLFDGDHQ0XQLFKHQOOHYDXQDYDULDQWHGHOOHPDTXHKHPRV
YLVWRHQ&RYDUUXELDV+RULOVFHWURHWKRULOSOHWUR\PXHVWUDXQFLVQHDQLPDO
FRQVDJUDGRD$SRORVXMHWDQGRXQDHVSHFLHGHOLUDFOiVLFDMXQWRDXQFHWURÀ
JXUD LPDJHQ TXH H[SOLFD DO FRPLHQ]R GH VX FRPHQWDULR UHÀULpQGRVH D OD
FRPSDWLELOLGDGHQWUHODWDUHDGHJREHUQDUHOXQLYHUVRTXHOOHYDDFDERHOGLRV\
HOHMHUFLFLRGHODP~VLFDXQDP~VLFDTXHVDEHPRVHVHQVtPLVPDJDUDQWHGHO
RUGHQFyVPLFR(VSRVLEOHTXH6DDYHGUDKD\DTXHULGRHVWDEOHFHUXQDDQDORJtD
HQWUH$SROR6ROUHFWRUGHORVRUEHVFHOHVWHV\HOSURSLR)HOLSH,9OODPDGRHO
UH\SODQHWDHLGHQWLÀFDGRFRQHOVROSRUFRLQFLGLUVXRUGLQDOHOFXDUWRFRQOD
HVIHUD GHO VRO OD FXDUWD HQ HO VLVWHPD JHRFpQWULFR (Q FXDOTXLHU FDVR UHVXOWD
VLJQLÀFDWLYRTXHHQODVHJXQGDHGLFLyQSXEOLFDGDHQ0LOiQHQ6DDYHGUD
SXVR XQD LOXVWUDFLyQ GLIHUHQWH VLQ QLQJXQD DOXVLyQ PXVLFDO D pVWD TXH KDEtD
DSDUHFLGRHQ0XQLFK\REYLDPHQWHVXSULPLyODUHIHUHQFLDD$SRORHQHOFR
PHQWDULRUHVWDQGRDVtpQIDVLVDOWHPDGHODP~VLFD6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]DKD
VHxDODGRODRULHQWDFLyQGHpVWH\PXFKRVRWURVFDPELRVOOHYDGRVDFDERHQOD
VHJXQGDHGLFLyQHQHOVHQWLGRGHSUHVFLQGLUGHUHIHUHQFLDVPLWROyJLFDVFOiVLFDV
HQIDYRUGHRWUDVSURFHGHQWHVGHODV6DJUDGDV(VFULWXUDVDVtFRPRGHGLVLPXODU
HOSHQVDPLHQWRWDFLWLVWDGHODXWRU(VGLItFLOVDEHUVLFLHUWDSUHYHQFLyQVREUHOD
SUiFWLFDPXVLFDOSRUSDUWHGHOPRQDUFDDQLPyWDPELpQODVVXSUHVLRQHVRSHUDGDV
HQ HVWH HPEOHPD 'LJDPRV SRU ~OWLPR TXH HQ RWUR OXJDU GH VX WUDWDGR UHFR
PLHQGD6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRODP~VLFDFRPRHMHUFLFLRSDUDHOJREHUQDQWHVLHPSUH
FRQODGHELGDPRGHUDFLyQ
&RPR SXHGH VXSRQHUVH OD LGHD EiVLFD GH FRQYHQLHQFLD FRQ PHVXUD HQ OD
SUiFWLFD GH OD P~VLFD SRU SDUWH GHO JREHUQDQWH VH UHSLWH HQ ORV RWURV DXWRUHV
TXHDERUGDQHOWHPD3HURKD\GLIHUHQFLDVGHPDWL]6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDPXHVWUD
SRFDV UHVHUYDV VREUH HO SDUWLFXODU HQ HO FRPHQWDULR TXH KDFH DO HPEOHPD FRQ
TXHUHSUHVHQWDDOKpURH$TXLOHVYHVWLGRFRQDUPDGXUD\WDxHQGRXQOD~GEDMR
ODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVXPDHVWURHOFHQWDXUR&KLUyQGHFODUDQGRHQHOHSLJUDPD
'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRRSFLWYROSiJV
/D LOXVWUDFLyQ GH 0XQLFK GH SXHGH YHUVH HQ 'LHJR 6DDYHGUD )DMDUGR RS FLW YRO SiJ(OFRPLHQ]RGHOFRPHQWDULRDOHPEOHPDSXHGHYHUVHHQ'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDV
SROtWLFDVHG6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJ
6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D©9DULDQWHVHQODVSRUWDGDV\HQODVSLFWXUDHGHODVGRVYHUVLRQHVGHODV
(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDVGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRªHQ'HOOLEURGHHPEOHPDVDODFLXGDGVLPEyOLFD$FWDVGHO,,,
6LPSRVLR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH(PEOHPiWLFD+LVSiQLFDHG9tFWRU0tQJXH]&DVWHOOyGHOD3ODQD8QLYHUVLWDW
-DXPH,YROSiJV'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDVHG6DJUDULR/ySH]
3R]D0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJV
'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRRSFLWYROSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
TXHHOQHFHVDULRGHVFDQVRWUDVODVIDWLJDVJXHUUHUDVSHUPLWHDFUHFHQWDUODIXHU]D
ÀJXUD¢4XpOHFWRUDYLVDGRGHOPRPHQWRQRYHUtDDTXtDOSURSLR)HOLSH,9
HQÀJXUDGH$TXLOHV"<D)HOLSH,9DOXGH6ROyU]DQRGHTXLHQGLFHTXHQXQFD
ODVRFXSDFLRQHVSODFHQWHUDVOHKDQKHFKRGHVFXLGDUORVDVXQWRVPiVJUDYHV
(Q HO HPEOHPD DQWHULRU GHGLFDGR D PRVWUDU TXH ORV UH\HV GHEHQ RFXSDUVH GH
ODVFRVDVJUDQGHV\DKDEtDPDQLIHVWDGRTXHQRREVWDQWHHVWRWDPELpQSRGtDQ
GHGLFDUVHDRWUDVPHQRVJUDYHVHQWUHODVTXHPHQFLRQDODSRHVtDODP~VLFD\
RWUDVRFXSDFLRQHVKRQHVWDV
/DPLVPDLOXVWUDFLyQGH$TXLOHV\&KLUyQTXHDFDEDPRVGHYHUUHSURGXFH
$QGUpV0HQGRHQVXWUDWDGRFRQFULWHULRVVHPHMDQWHVHQODH[SOLFDFLyQ\HQHO
HSLJUDPDpVWHGHFODUD©7RPH>HOJREHUQDQWH@DOJ~QDOLYLRHQWUHWDQWRVFXLGDGRV
TXHODUHFUHDFLyQDxDGHIXHU]DVSDUDSURVHJXLUORVª<GLFH0HQGR
/D P~VLFD HV UHFUHDFLyQ PX\ SURSULD GH SUtQFLSHV OD VXDYLGDG
\GXO]XUDGHODVYR]HVGHOHLWDDOiQLPRDOLYLDODVSHQDVWHPSODORV
FXLGDGRV HQWUHWLHQH ORV VHQWLGRV \ H[FLWD HQ HO SHFKR DIHFWRV JHQH
URVRV
7DPELpQ FLWD D )HOLSH ,9 HQ HO HPEOHPD GHO DUSLVWD FRQ OD OODYH GH DÀQDU
\ODVFXHUGDVURWDVHQHOVXHORTXHYLPRVPiVDUULEDHOLQFOXLGRHQODREUDGH
6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDSDUDDOXGLUDODSLHGDG\FOHPHQFLDGHHVWHPRQDUFDGHOTXH
GLFH©>«@P~VLFRGLHVWURWHPSODODVFXHUGDVVLQFRUWDUODVª
$FHUFD GH OD QHFHVLGDG GHO UHSRVR \ GH OD GLVWHQVLyQ SDUD FREUDU IXHU]DV
HQFRQWUDPRVRWUDVLPiJHQHVHQODHPEOHPiWLFDTXHKDFHQUHIHUHQFLDDDVSHFWRV
SUiFWLFRV GH OD HMHFXFLyQ PXVLFDO 6HEDVWLiQ GH &RYDUUXELDV SRU HMHPSOR DO
KDEODUGHODUFR\ODVÁHFKDVGLFHORVLJXLHQWH
3DUDDPHGUHQWDUDORVPX\FXGLFLRVRVHQODFRQWLQXDFLyQGHOSHU
SHWXRWUDEDMRHVSHFLDOPHQWHDORVHVWXGLRVRVVHOHVUHSUHVHQWDORTXH
DFRQWHFHDODUFKHURRVDJLWDULRTXHVLQRDOLHQWDHODUFRVHOHTXLHEUD
R VH OH YXHOYH LQ~WLO DÁR[iQGRVH OD FXHUGD \ OR PLVPR DFRQWHFH D
ORVP~VLFRVGHYLJHODVLDFDEDQGRGHWDxHUQRDED[DQODFODYLMDD
ODSULPD
-XDQGH5RMDV\$XVDSRUVXSDUWHPXHVWUDXQDJXLWDUUDGHFLQFRyUGHQHV
FRQVHLVWUDVWHVDODTXHVHDFHUFDXQDPDQRDUWHUDFRQLQWHQFLyQGHKDFHUVDOWDU
-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUDRSFLWSiJV
,GRSFLWSiJV
$QGUpV0HQGRRSFLW'RFXPHQWR/;;,;SiJV
,GRSFLW'RFXPHQWR;;;SiJV
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWIROUY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
OD SULPD EDMR OD FXDO SRGHPRV OHHU HO OHPD /D PiV DOWD PiV SHOLJUD ÀJXUD
SRUTXHGLFH
(QODOLUDPiVELHQWHPSODGDVXHOHQVDOWDU\TXHEUDUVHODVFXHUGDV
\HQYHUGDGTXHHVODSULPDODTXHPiVGHRUGLQDULRVDOWDSRUVHUOD
PiVDOWDHQWUHWRGDV
1RKDFHIDOWDLQVLVWLUHQODSUHVHQFLDFRQVWDQWHGHODP~VLFDGHQWURGHODFRUWH
\RWURViPELWRVFXOWRVHQOD(VSDxDGHORV6LJORVGH2UR%DVWHFRQVLGHUDUTXH
KD\ FLHUWRV SDLVDMHV VRQRURV WDQ IDPLOLDUHV R FRQRFLGRV SDUD ORV FRQWHPSRUi
QHRVFRPRHOTXHRIUHFHQODVP~VLFDVGHFiPDUDHQHOHQWRUQRSDODWLQR-XDQ
GH+RUR]FRHYRFDHVWHDPELHQWHDOUHSUHVHQWDUD'DPRFOHVFRQYHUWLGRHQUH\
VLHQGRVHUYLGR\UHJDODGRDODPHVDSRUXQFDQWRUTXHVHDFRPSDxDFRQXQOD~G
RYLKXHOD\SRURWURVXMHWRTXHWRFDXQSDQGHUR/DRFXSDFLyQGHFLHUWRVQREOHV
HQWDxHUXQLQVWUXPHQWRSRGHPRVYHUODWDPELpQHQXQHPEOHPDGH+HUQDQGRGH
6RWRHOTXHGHGLFDDODPXHUWHGHOPDUTXpVGH7DULIDHQHOTXHPXHVWUDODOLUD
GHOSURSLRPDUTXpVFROJDGDGHXQFLSUpVHQWUHGRVFLVQHVVHxDOWRGRGHOXWR
UHSUHVHQWDGDSRUORTXHSDUHFHTXHUHUVHUXQDOLUDGDJDPEDHQORVPLVPRVDxRV
SRUORVTXH)HOLSH,,,SDVDEDKRUDVWDxHQGRODYLRODÀJXUD/DSUiFWLFDGH
ODP~VLFDHQDPELHQWHVGRPpVWLFRVGHQLYHOVRFLDOPHGLRDSDUHFHIXJD]PHQWH
HQODOLWHUDWXUDHPEOHPiWLFDFRPRQRVPXHVWUD6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVHQHO
HPEOHPDGHVXPDORJUDGRVREULQLWRHQHOTXHHQWUHRWURVDSDUHMRVGHGLFDGRV
DODSUHQGL]DMHVHQRVVHxDODSUHFLVDPHQWHXQDJXLWDUUDLQVWUXPHQWRVLHPSUH
IURQWHUL]RHQWUHORSRSXODU\ORFXOWRÀJXUD(VFULEH&RYDUUXELDV
>«@FRPRORKL]RXQVREULQLWRPtRTXHGHFXDWURDxRVVDEtDOHHU
\HVFULELU\QRVyORWDxtDXQDJXLWDUUDSRQLHQGRHQHOODVODVVRQDGDV
TXHOHGDEDQSHURODED[DED\VXEtDXQSXQWRRPHGLRDÀQiQGRODHQ
WDQWDSHUIHFLyQTXHDGPLUDEDDORVP~VLFRV\PDHVWURVGHFDSLOOD
$SURSyVLWRGHODHQVHxDQ]DDODTXHWDQVHQVLEOHVHPXHVWUD&RYDUUXELDV
\DODTXHWDQMXLFLRVDPHQWHVHDFHUFDKD\TXHGHFLUTXHHQRWURHPEOHPDVLQ
FRQWHQLGRHVSHFtÀFDPHQWHPXVLFDOOODPDODDWHQFLyQVREUHODSUHFDULHGDGGHOD
HQVHxDQ]DJHQHUDOHQ(VSDxDLQFOX\HQGRODP~VLFD
-XDQGH5RMDV\$XVD5HSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHODYHUGDGYHVWLGDPtVWLFDVPRUDOHV\DOHJyULFDV
VREUHODVVLHWHPRUDGDVGH6DQWD7HUHVDGH,HV~V0DGULGSiJV
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,IROUY
+HUQDQGRGH6RWRRSFLWIROVYY
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWIROUY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
>«@SRUTXHHOWLHPSRTXHJDVWDXQPXFKDFKRHQ(VSDxDHQOHHU
\HVFULELUEDVWDHQ,WDOLD\HQRWUDVQDFLRQHVSDUDHVR\SDUDDSUHQGHU
ODWtQ \ JULHJR WDxHU \ FDQWDU \ RWUDV KDELOLGDGHV QR SRUTXH WHQJDQ
PHMRUHVLQJHQLRVTXHQRVRWURVVLQRSRUTXHORVPDHVWURVHQVHxDQFRQ
DUWH\ORVSDGUHVQRVHGHVFXLGDQGHVXVKLMRV
+D\WRGDYtDHQORVOLEURVGHHPEOHPDVRWURVWHVWLPRQLRVVREUHODUHDOLGDG
PXVLFDORP~VLFRVRQRUDGHODpSRFDPXFKRVGHHOORVOLJDGRVDSURIHVLRQHVH
LQVWUXPHQWRVDVRFLDGRVDOHMHUFLFLRGHODVDUPDVWURPSHWDVWDPERUHVStIDURV
HLQVWUXPHQWRVEpOLFRVHQJHQHUDO'HHVWRVWHVWLPRQLRVTXLHURUHIHULUPHSDUD
WHUPLQDUVyORDDOJXQRVTXHJXDUGDQHVSHFLDOUHODFLyQFRQODGLPHQVLyQItVLFR
DF~VWLFD GH OD P~VLFD 4XL]i HO TXH VH KDOOD PiV SUHVHQWH HV HO TXH DOXGH DO
IHQyPHQRGHODUHVRQDQFLDSRUVLPSDWtD/RHQFRQWUDPRV\DHQ$OFLDWRRSDUD
VHUPiVH[DFWRVHQFRQWUDPRVHOIHQyPHQRRSXHVWRODQRUHVRQDQFLDSRUDQWL
SDWtDSXHVUHFRJHGRVOH\HQGDVODSULPHUDHVODGHOWDPERUFRQPHPEUDQDGH
SLHOGHORERTXHDOVRQDULPSLGHODYLEUDFLyQGHRWURKHFKRFRQSLHOGHRYHMD
PRVWUDQGRDVtODHQHPLVWDGHQWUHHVSHFLHVDQWDJyQLFDVD~QGHVSXpVGHODPXHUWH
ODVHJXQGDHVODGHOSURWHVWDQWHERKHPLR=LVFDVTXLHQDVXPXHUWHRUGHQyTXH
VHFXEULHVHXQWDPERUFRQVXSLHOSDUDVHJXLUDWHUURUL]DQGRDORVFDWyOLFRV$Vt
HQODVYHUVLRQHVHVSDxRODVGH$OFLDWRDSDUHFHQORVGRVWDPERUHVHQPDQRVGH
VHQGRVVROGDGRVGHLQIDQWHUtDXQRGHORVFXDOHVOOHYDDGHPiVHOLQVWUXPHQWR
LQVHSDUDEOHGHODQWHULRUXQStIDUR&RPR\DKHPRVGLFKRODVLOXVWUDFLRQHVGH
'D]D3LQFLDQRHO%URFHQVH\&DPSRVVRQODPLVPD(O%URFHQVHRIUHFHHQVX
H[SOLFDFLyQDGHPiVXQDRQRPDWRSH\DGHOUHGREOHGHWDPERUWDUDWDQWDUDP
3RUVXSDUWH'LHJR/ySH]KDFHH[WHQVLEOHODDQWLSDWtDGHODVPHPEUDQDVDODV
FXHUGDVÀJXUD
>«@\QLPiVQLPHQRVVLHQXQDYLKXHODRJXLWDUUDSXVLHVHQXQD
FXHUGDGHORER\ODVGHPiVGHRYHMDVRODPHQWHODGHORERVRQDUi\
ODVGHPiVQRKDUiQFRQVRQDQFLDQLVHRLUiQ
$ODVPLVPDVGRVOH\HQGDVVHUHÀHUH6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDVHQXQHPEOHPD
TXHPXHVWUDRWURWDPERUGHJXHUUD
$OPDUJHQGHODOH\HQGDODUHVRQDQFLDSRUVLPSDWtDFRPRDOHJRUtDGHOFRQ
FLHUWRQHFHVDULRHQWUHODVSRWHQFLDVGHODOPDHVUHSUHVHQWDGDSRU/RUHQ]R2UWL]
,GRSFLWIROUY
%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQRRSFLWSiJ)UDQFLVFR6iQFKH]GHODV%UR]DVRSFLWSiJV
Anterior
'LHJR/ySH]RSFLWIROVUY
6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FRRSFLWIROUY
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
PHGLDQWHWUHVOLUDVGDJDPEDGHODVFXDOHVVyORXQDHVWiVLHQGRWDxLGDÀJXUD
(QHOFRPLHQ]RGHODH[SOLFDFLyQDOHPEOHPDHVFULEH
&RQ VHU WUHV GLIHUHQWHV SRWHQFLDV GHO DOPD OD PHPRULD HO HQWHQGLPLHQWR \
ODYROXQWDGVRQHQVtWDQHQOD]DGDV\GHSHQGLHQWHVTXHQRVHSXHGHWRFDUHQOD
XQDVLQTXHHOJROSHGH[HGHUHVRQDUHQDOJRHQODVRWUDV
<PiVDGHODQWHHQXQSRHPDDOHJyULFRVREUHHOPLVPRDVXQWRGHFODUDOD
QHFHVLGDGGHTXHVHKDOOHQDÀQDGDVHQWUHVt
6LTXLHUHVTXHVRQRUD\GXOFHPHQWH
7RGDVWUHVVHUHVSRQGDQ
<HQODDFFLyQ\HQODYR]VHFRUUHVSRQGDQ
3URFXUDGLOLJHQWH
4XHHVWpQWRGDVWHPSODGDV
<XQDVFRQRWUDVVLHPSUHFRQFHUWDGDV
-HVXLWD FRPR HO DQWHULRU )UDQFLVFR 5DPyQ *RQ]iOH] WUDH RWUR HMHPSOR GH
UHVRQDFLDSRUVLPSDWtD©DORGLYLQRªHQXQHPEOHPDTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOPLODJUR
SURSLFLDGRSRU6DQ)UDQFLVFR-DYLHU\FRQVLVWHQWHHQTXHWRGDYH]TXHHO6DQWR
VXIUtDDOJXQDYHMDFLyQHQOD,QGLDFRPHQ]DEDDVDQJUDUODLPDJHQGHXQFULVWR
FUXFLÀFDGRHQVXFDVDVRODULHJDGH1DYDUUD/DLOXVWUDFLyQGHOHPEOHPDQRWLHQH
QLQJ~QHOHPHQWRPXVLFDOSHURVHKDOODJORVDGDSRUYDULRVSRHPDVXQRGHORV
FXDOHVGHELGRD/XLV(QUtTXH]GH1DYDUUDGLFHDVt
621(72
(VHQFtWDUDGXOoHTXHWHPSODGD
&RQRWUDHVWiVRQRUDVLPSDWKtD
5HVRQDUFRQDFRUGHPHORGtD
/DVGRVFXDQGRVHYHODXQDHVSURSXOVDGD
1RHVODGLVWDQFLDHPEDUJRDODDFRUGDGD
&RUUHVSRQGLHQWHXQLyQGHVXDUPRQtD
$QWHVVLFRQFDQRUDDOHJRUtD
(VVXXQtYRFDYR]DVHQWXDGD
$VtWXFRUDoyQ;DYLHUDPDQWH
&RQFRUGHDOHFRGHOGLYLQRDFFHQWR
&XDQGRHQ,QGLDVKHULGRVXGLVFDQWH
/RUHQ]R 2UWL] 0HPRULD HQWHQGLPLHQWR \ YROXQWDG (PSUHVDV TXH HQVHxDQ \ SHUVXDGHQ VX
EXHQXVRHQORPRUDO\HQORSROtWLFR6HYLOODIROVUY
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
'HSHQDHVTXLYDXGHPD\RUWRUPHQWR
6XGRORUHQ1DYDUUDDXQTXHGLVWDQWH
5HVXHQDHQ&KULVWRFRQVXGRUVDQJULHQWR
'HPRGRTXHVLQRPHKHSHUGLGRSRUORVODEHULQWRVFRQFHSWXRVRVGHOVRQH
WRHOFRUD]yQGHOVDQWRGLVFDQWHDÀQDGRDOXQtVRQRFRQHOGLYLQRDFFHQWRGH
&ULVWRKDFHDpVWHUHVRQDUSRUVLPSDWtDHQHOPLVPRWRQRGHGRORUGLUtDPRVGH
DTXpOFRPRXQDFtWDUDDRWUD/RTXHPHSDUHFHVLJQLÀFDWLYRGHODDSDULFLyQWDQ
FODUDGHHVWHIHQyPHQRHQORVGRV~OWLPRVHMHPSORVIHFKDGRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
HQ\HVTXHSDUHFHUHÁHMDUODDVXQFLyQFRQVFLHQWH\DHQHVWRVDxRV
DXQTXHHQXQQLYHOPHUDPHQWHHPStULFRGHODHYROXFLyQGHODFLHQFLDDF~VWLFD
HQSDUWLFXODUGHODFRLQFLGHQFLDHQWUHODVYLEUDFLRQHVGHGRV FXHUSRVVRQRURV
ORTXHKDFHTXHUHVXHQHQSRUVLPSDWtD\HOJUDGRGHFRQVRQDQFLDRGLVRQDQFLD
HQWUHHOORVHQIXQFLyQGHDTXpOODVHJ~QKDEtDQHVWDEOHFLGRGHVGHORVSULPHURV
DxRVGHOVLJOR*DOLOHR'HVFDUWHV\0HUVHQQH
2WURDVSHFWRGHODGLPHQVLyQItVLFRDF~VWLFDGHODP~VLFDHQUHODFLyQGLUHFWD
FRQODSUiFWLFDLQVWUXPHQWDOORHQFRQWUDPRVHQODPDJQtÀFDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGH
XQDWURPSHWDGHQRPLQDGDFRQIUHFXHQFLDFODUtQHQHVWDpSRFDTXHDSDUHFHHQ
XQRGHORVHPEOHPDVGH6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRPHGLDQWHODFXDOTXLHUHPRVWUDUFyPR
ODYLUWXGVHFUHFHHQODDGYHUVLGDGÀJXUD/DDQDORJtDTXHGDHVWDEOHFLGDDO
FRPLHQ]RGHOFRPHQWDULR
&XDQWRPiVRSULPLGRHODLUHHQHOFODUtQVDOHFRQPD\RUDUPRQtD
\GLIHUHQFLDVGHYRFHV$VtVXFHGHDODYLUWXGODFXDOQXQFDPiVFODUD
\VRQRUDTXHFXDQGRODPDQROHTXLHUHFHUUDUORVSXQWRV
6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRQRVHVWiUHFRUGDQGRTXHGHWRGRVORVUHJLVWURVSRVLEOHVHQ
ODWURPSHWDQDWXUDOHOPiVGLÀFXOWRVRH[FHOVR\ULFRHQVRQLGRVGLIHUHQWHVHV
HOUHJLVWURDJXGRRFODUtQTXHVHREWLHQHFRQXQDPD\RUSUHVLyQHQORVODELRV
\ XQD PD\RU ©RSUHVLyQª GHO DLUH HQ HO WXER )HOL] DQDORJtD pVWD TXH VXUJH GH
OD REVHUYDFLyQ GH XQR HQWUH WDQWRV SDLVDMHV VRQRURV FRPR URGHDQ HO TXHKDFHU
FRWLGLDQRGHOHVFULWRU\FRUWHVDQR3DUHFLGDDOHJRUtDQRVRIUHFH-XDQGH+RUR]FR
DXQTXHVLQODVXWLOH]DItVLFRDF~VWLFDGHODDQWHULRUFXDQGRLPDJLQDXQRGHHVRV
)UDQFLVFR 5DPyQ *RQ]iOH] 6DFUR 0RQWH 3DUQDVR GH ODV PXVDV FDWyOLFDV GH ORV UHLQRV GH
(VSDxD9DOHQFLDSiJV
3RGUtDHQWHQGHUVHHQFXDOTXLHUDGHODVGRVDFHSFLRQHVTXHGDHO'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHV
SDUDHVWDYR]FRPRJXLWDUUDWLSOHRFRPRFRQFLHUWRPXVLFDO'LFFLRQDULRGH$XWRULGDGHVHGIDFVHQ
YROV0DGULG*UHGRV
'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGRRSFLWYROSiJV'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSR
OtWLFDVHG6DJUDULR/ySH]3R]D0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
HPEOHPDVVLQLOXVWUDFLyQWDQIUHFXHQWHVHQODpSRFDTXHRIUHFHFRPRDOWHUQDWL
YDDOTXHHQFDEH]DVXGLVFXUVRVREUHHOLPSXOVRTXHDGTXLHUHODYLUWXGFRQOD
KXPLOODFLyQFRQHOGRORUFRQHOVXIULPLHQWR7UDVUHSDVDUYDULDVHPSUHVDVTXH
VHJ~Q GLFH KDQ VLGR XWLOL]DGDV SDUD UHSUHVHQWDU HO FRQFHSWR DQWHULRU SURSRQH
RWUDHQODTXHSRGHPRVDGLYLQDUODGHVFULSFLyQGHOLQVWUXPHQWRWUDGLFLRQDOTXH
FRQRFHPRVFRQHOQRPEUHGHFKLFRWpQ
<HVPHMRU>HPSUHVDRHPEOHPD@ODTXHVHSXHGHKD]HUGHOSVDOWHULR
FUX]DGRVGHWUiVGpOODÁDXWD\HOSDORFRQTXHVHKLHUHQODVFXHUGDV
\HOPRWH1RQSHUFXVVDHVLOHQW>©6LQRVRQSHUFXWLGDVSHUPDQHFHQ
HQVLOHQFLRª@
/DYLUWXGFDOODFXDQGRQRWLHQHHODJXLMyQGHOLQIRUWXQLRVREUHVt$PDUJD
SHUR KHUPRVD OHFFLyQ< TXL]i SRU QR VHU WDQ YLUWXRVR FRPR ORV DQWHULRUHV
DTXtFDOOR\RWDPELpQ
Anterior
-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDVRSFLW/LEUR,,IROU
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD%HUQDUGLQR'D]D3LQFLDQR/RVHPEOHPDVGH$OFLDWR/\RQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD'LDULR(/3$Ì6GHRFWXEUHGH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDV0XQLFK
)LJXUD3DROR*LRYLR'LiORJRGHODVHPSUHVDVPLOLWDUHV\DPRURVDV/\RQ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDV(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV=DUDJR]D
)LJXUD-XDQGH%RUMD(PSUHVDVPRUDOHV%UXVHODV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWR1i
MHUD
)LJXUD-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDV(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV=DUDJR]D
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDV0XQLFK
)LJXUD-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD(PEOHPDWDUHJLRSROLWLFD0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FR(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV0DGULG
)LJXUD-XDQGH+RUR]FR\&RYDUUXELDV(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV=DUDJR]D
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD-XDQ)UDQFLVFRGH9LOODYD(PSUHVDVHVSLULWXDOHV\PRUDOHV%DH]D
)LJXUD'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWR
1iMHUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD(PEOHPDWDUHJLRSROLWLFD0DGULG
)LJXUD-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD(PEOHPDWDUHJLRSROLWLFD0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWR
1iMHUD
)LJXUD'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWR
1iMHUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD-XDQGH%RUMD(PSUHVDVPRUDOHV%UXVHODV
)LJXUD)UDQFHVFR9LOODPHQD$OHJRUtDVREUHODWHPSODQ]DGHOSRGHUGH)HOLSH,,,
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWR
1iMHUD
)LJXUD'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDV0XQLFK
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD(PEOHPDWDUHJLRSROLWLFD0DGULG
)LJXUD-XDQ%DxRVGH9HODVFR\$FHYHGR/$QQHR6pQHFDLOXVWUDGR0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD)UDQFLVFRGH=iUUDJD6pQHFDMXH]GHVtPLVPR%XUJRV
)LJXUD6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FR(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDV0XQLFK
)LJXUD-XDQGH6ROyU]DQR3HUHLUD(PEOHPDWDUHJLRSROLWLFD0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD-XDQGH5RMDV\$XVD5HSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHODYHUGDGYHVWLGD0DGULG
)LJXUD+HUQDQGRGH6RWR(PEOHPDVPRUDOL]DGDV0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
(/&/$0256,/(1&,262/$,0$*(1'(/$0Ô6,&$(1/$/,7(5$785$«
)LJXUD6HEDVWLiQGH&RYDUUXELDV2UR]FR(PEOHPDVPRUDOHV0DGULG
)LJXUD'LHJR/ySH]'HFODUDFLyQPDJLVWUDOVREUHODVHPEOHPDVGH$QGUpV$OFLDWR
1iMHUD
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
)LJXUD/RUHQ]R2UWL]0HPRULDHQWHQGLPLHQWR\YROXQWDG6HYLOOD
)LJXUD'LHJR6DDYHGUD)DMDUGR(PSUHVDVSROtWLFDV0XQLFK
/8,652%/('2(67$,5(
&RQVHUYDWRULR6XSHULRUGH0~VLFDGH0DGULG
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$
(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
(WVLPXVLFDPDGPHQWLVH[DFWLRUHPVLPXVUHYRFDWXULWUXWLQDP
DERUDWRULDHQDWXUDSDUXPLSVLGLVFULPLQLVHVVHFHUWRGHSUHKHQGHWXU
-%XUPHLVWHU0XVLFD3RHWLFD
'XUDQWHHOVLJOR;9,SXHGHUDVWUHDUVHHQORVHVFULWRVWHyULFRVVREUHP~VL
FDXQFUHFLHQWHLQWHUpVSRUODUHÁH[LyQDFHUFDGHODLPLWDFLyQ\HOGLVFXUVR\
XQD SURJUHVLYD DVLPLODFLyQ GH OD GLFFLyQ PXVLFDO D OD YHUEDO TXH DSUR[LPD OD
P~VLFDDODVDUWHVVHUPRFLQDOHV1RIDOWDQORVWUDWDGRVTXHVHLGHQWLÀFDQHQODV
SiJLQDVOLPLQDUHVFRPRREUDVVREUH©P~VLFDUHWyULFDªR©SRpWLFDª\DOJXQRV
FRPRORV3UDHFHSWD0XVLFDH3RHWLFDHGH*DOOXV'UHVVOHUROD0XVLFD3RHWLFD
GH -RDFKLP %XUPHLVWHU OOHJDURQ LQFOXVR D WLWXODUVH DVt 6RQ pVWRV XQRV WH[WRV
UHOHYDQWtVLPRV SDUD TXLHQHV VH LQWHUHVDQ SRU ODV UHODFLRQHV HQWUH P~VLFD \ OL
WHUDWXUDHQ HO 5HQDFLPLHQWR \ HO %DUURFR SXHV HQ WRGRV HOORV VH SURGXFH XQD
DGRSFLyQGHOXWLOODMHFRQFHSWXDO\WHUPLQROyJLFRGHODSRpWLFD\ODUHWyULFDTXH
VLUYHDKRUDSDUDFRQFHELUGHVFULELU\QRPEUDUODFRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDO$KRUD
ELHQ OD LGHD PLVPD GH TXH HV SRVLEOH KDEODU GH XQD ©P~VLFD SRpWLFDª R GH
XQD©P~VLFDUHWyULFDªHVWiPiVH[WHQGLGDGHORTXHGHMDVXSRQHUODH[LVWHQFLD
GHXQRVSRFRVWUDWDGRVTXHDELHUWDPHQWHVHDFRJHQDHVWHWtWXORSURJUDPiWLFR
&RPSRUWDDGHPiVXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQFRQFHSWXDOGHODP~VLFDDODVDUWHVGHOWUL
YLXPDSHVDUGHVXDORMDPLHQWRVHFXODUHQHOTXDGULYLXPHQWUHODVFLHQFLDVGHO
Q~PHURXQSULYLOHJLRGHODGLPHQVLyQDIHFWLYD\HPRFLRQDOGHODP~VLFDDFRVWD
GHRWURVDVSHFWRVFRPRORVPDWHPiWLFRV\XQDRUGHQDFLyQGHODWHRUtDPXVLFDO
(GDGGH2UR;;,,SiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
HQWRUQRDOPRYLPLHQWRGHDIHFWRV³DOPRYHUH³TXHORVUpWRUHVFRQWDEDQHQWUH
ORVÀQHVSULQFLSDOHVGHODSDODEUD\GHODRUDWRULD(QFLHUWRPRGRODUHOHYDQFLD
GHOSDUDGLJPDUHWyULFRHQODHQVHxDQ]DHVFRODU\XQLYHUVLWDULD³RSDUDSHQVDU
HOSURFHVRGHDGTXLVLFLyQGHGHVWUH]DVFRPSRVLWLYDV³ODFRQYLHUWHHQXQDUWH
IXHUWH R GLUHFWUL] HQ OD FXOWXUD GHO 5HQDFLPLHQWR GH KHFKR VXV LQVWUXPHQWRV
FRQFHSWXDOHV\WHUPLQROyJLFRVFRORQL]DQRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVGHWHUPLQDQODPDQHUD
GHSHUFLELUODWUDQVPLVLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVRSURFXUDQORVPRGHORVRUJDQL]D
WLYRVGHORVWUDWDGRVGLGiFWLFRV\VXDUWLFXODFLyQHQXQFRQMXQWRRUGHQDGR³\
VHFXHQFLDGR³ GH SUHFHSWRV HMHPSORV \ HMHUFLFLRV 4XH OD GLVFLSOLQD UHWyULFD
ULJH OD RUGHQDFLyQ GH PXFKDV DUWHV KXPDQLVWDV VREUH SLQWXUD \ OD QDWXUDOH]D
GHVXVUHÁH[LRQHVHVXQDWHVLVSUREDGDGHVGHORVWUDEDMRVGH5:/HH\HQ
SDUWLFXODUGHVGHODSXEOLFDFLyQGH8WSLFWXUDSRHVLV3HURODH[LVWHQFLDPLVPD
GHXQDP~VLFDUHWyULFDQRSDUHFHKDEHUUHFLELGRXQDDWHQFLyQFRPSDUDEOH(V
SRUHOORPLSURSyVLWRSURSRQHUHQODVSiJLQDVTXHVLJXHQXQH[DPHQVXFLQWR
GHHVWDFRQFHSFLyQUHWyULFDGHODP~VLFD\GHVXFRQVROLGDFLyQHQHOFXUVRGHO
VLJOR;9,DVtFRPRXQDLQGDJDFLyQGHODVFDXVDVSRVLEOHVGHHVWDWHQGHQFLD\GH
VXVFRQVHFXHQFLDVWHyULFDV\SUiFWLFDV&RPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDGHHVWDUHYLVLyQ
\WDPELpQHQFLHUWRPRGRFRPRKLORFRQGXFWRUTXLVLHUDDGRSWDUHOWH[WRPiV
H[WUHPR HQ OD SHUVHFXFLyQ GH ODV DQDORJtDV HQWUH P~VLFD \ RUDWRULD \ HO PiV
VLQJXODU \ WHQD] HQ HO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR VRVWHQLGR GH SDUDOHOLVPRV HQWUH DPEDV
GLVFLSOLQDVOD0XVLFD3RHWLFDGH-RDFKLP%XUPHLVWHUXQWUDWDGRGHFRPSRVLFLyQ
SXEOLFDGRHQDXQTXHSUR\HFWDGRDOPHQRVGLH]DxRVDQWHVTXHUH~QHGH
IRUPDHMHPSODUORVOXJDUHVTXHTXL]iHQODWUDGLFLyQDQWHULRUSRUXQDIRUPXODFLyQ
PHQRVH[WUHPRVDRSRUXQDH[SRVLFLyQPHQRVVLVWHPiWLFDPX\ELHQSXGLHUDQ
SDVDULQDGYHUWLGRV/DHOHFFLyQGHHVWDREUD\HVWHDXWRUQRLPSOLFDXQLQWHUpV
H[FOXVLYRSRUXQDSURSXHVWDVLQJXODURSHUVRQDOGHP~VLFDUHWyULFDHOWH[WRGH
%XUPHLVWHUSURFXUDPiVELHQXQDVHFXHQFLDWHPiWLFD\XQDIRUPDGHDVHGLDUXQ
FRQFHSWR\SHUPLWHDGHPiVPHGLDQWHODGHVFULSFLyQGHXQWUDWDGRHMHPSODU\
UHSUHVHQWDWLYRXQDPiVUiSLGDUHYLVLyQGHORVFRQFHSWRV\WHPDVTXHFRPSDUWH
FRQODVREUDVTXHOHSUHFHGLHURQ
6LELHQKDVLGRREMHWRGHXQQRWDEOHWUDEDMRGH&ODXGH3DOLVFD©8WRUDWRULDPXVLFD7KH5KH
WRULFDO%DVLVRI0XVLFDO0DQQHULVPªHQ):5RELQVRQ6*1LFKROV7KH0HDQLQJRI0DQQHULVP
+DQRYHUFLWRSRUODUHLPSUHVLyQGH6WXGLHVLQWKH+LVWRU\RI,WDOLDQ0XVLFDQG7KHRU\2[IRUG
&ODUHQGRQ3UHVVSiJVTXHUHSURGXFH\FRPHQWDHODQiOLVLVTXHKDFH-%XUPHLVWHU0XVLFD
3RHWLFDGHÀQLWLRQLEXVHWGLYLVLRQLEXVEUHYLWHUGHOLQHDWDTXLEXVLQVLQJXOLVFDSLWLEXVVXQWK\SRPQHPDWD
SUDHFHSWLRQXPLQVWDUVLQRSWLFyVDGGLWDHGLWDVWXGLRHWRSHUD0DJLVWUL-RDFKLPL%XUPHLVWHUL5RVWRFKLL
H[FXGHEDW6WHSKDQXV0\OLDQGHUGHOPRWHWH,QPHWUDQVLHUXQWGH2UODQGRGL/DVVR\HQHOTXH
3DOLVFDOODPDEDODDWHQFLyQVREUHHOSDUDGLJPDUHWyULFRGHDOJXQDVGRFWULQDVPXVLFDOHV\VREUHODQHFH
VLGDGGHXQHVWXGLRGHWHQLGRGHHVWHIHQyPHQR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
+$&,$ /$0Ô6,&$32e7,&$
-RDFKLP%XUPHLVWHUHVFULELyYDULRVWUDWDGRVVREUHFRPSRVLFLyQ
PXVLFDO(OSULPHURWLWXODGR+\SRPQHPDWXPPXVLFDHSRHWLFDHHVWiGH
GLFDGRDODUWHGHGHVFULELUP~VLFD\GLULJLUFRURVHVHOPiVEUHYHGHORVVX\RV\
VHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDVHULHGHREVHUYDFLRQHVFRQFLVDVDSXQWHVRK\SRPQHPDWD
PiVTXHFRPRXQWUDWDGRVLVWHPiWLFR\GLGiFWLFR'RVDxRVGHVSXpVHQ
GLRDODLPSUHQWDHQ5RVWRFNOD0XVLFDDXWRVFKHGLDVWLNpTXHHQWLHQGHFRPRXQ
FRQMXQWRGHDFFHVVLRQHVR¶DGLFLRQHV·DOWUDWDGLOORDQWHULRUFRQFHELGDVGHIRUPD
DVLVWHPiWLFD ³VSRUDGHQ H[DUDWDV³ \ SRVWHULRUPHQWH UHXQLGDV HQ XQ OLEULOOR
TXHVHSURSRQHH[SOLFDUODIRUPDFLyQ\FRPSRVLFLyQGHDUPRQtDVODGLUHFFLyQ
GHFRURV\XQQXHYRPRGRGHFDQWDUPRGRKDFWHQXVQRQXVLWDWR(OWpUPLQR
DXWRVFKHGLDVWLNpTXHSRGUtDWUDGXFLUVHVLQGHPDVLDGRHUURUFRPR©LPSURYLVD
FLyQªQRVHUHÀHUHSXHVDODP~VLFDVLQRDOWH[WRPLVPRGH%XUPHLVWHUTXH
KDEUtDVLGRUHGDFWDGRGHIRUPDRFDVLRQDORFDVLD]DURVDRTXHSRUDIHFWDFLyQ
GH PRGHVWLD VH SUHVHQWD DVt DQWH ORV OHFWRUHV /RV UpWRUHV KDEtDQ XWLOL]DGR HO
WpUPLQR DXWRVFKHGLRQ SDUD QRPEUDU OD ÀFFLyQ GH TXH DO RUDGRU VH OH RFXUUHQ
QXHYRVDUJXPHQWRVRLGHDVDPHGLGDTXHDYDQ]DVXDORFXFLyQHOHYDGDDWtWXOR
GHXQWUDWDGRODÀJXUDHQIDWL]DODHOHFFLyQGHXQDIRUPDGLVFXUVLYDDOHMDGDGH
OD VLVWHPDWLFLGDG RUGHQDGD \ FRPSUHKHQVLYD GH ODV DUWHV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV R GH
ORVPDQXDOHVHVFRODUHV
(Q HO +\SRPQHPDWXP GH %XUPHLVWHU KDEtD GHGLFDGR XQ FDStWXOR HO
GXRGpFLPRDORVRUQDPHQWRVTXHHQWHQGtDDOPRGRRUDWRULRHVWRHVFRPRHO
HTXLYDOHQWHPXVLFDOGHORUQDWXP\ODHORFXWLR(VHEUHYHFDStWXORVHUHLPSULPH
VLQYDULDFLRQHVHQOD0XVLFDDXWRVFKHGLDVWLNp\VHFRPSOHWDDGHPiVFRQXQD
SDUWHHQWHUDPHQWHQXHYDGHGLFDGDDODV©ÀJXUDVHQP~VLFDªHMHPSOLÀFDGDVDKRUD
FRQSDVDMHVEUHYHVGHFRPSRVLWRUHVUHQRPEUDGRV3DUHFHSXHVTXH%XUPHLVWHU
KDUHHODERUDGRDVtXQDLGHDLQLFLDOGHPRGHVWRDOFDQFHODGHOSDUDOHORHQWUHHO
RUQDPHQWRPXVLFDO\HORUQDWRHORFXWLYRRVLVHSUHÀHUHKDH[WUHPDGR\SUR
ORQJDGRFRQQXHYRVHMHPSORVODWHVLVTXHDQLPDEDHOEUHYHFDStWXORGHOWUDWDGR
GH (Q OD 0XVLFD DXWRVFKHGLDVWLNp QR VyOR OLVWD H LGHQWLÀFD PiV GH GRV
GHFHQDVGHÀJXUDVVLQRTXHDGHPiVODVRUGHQDHQFDWHJRUtDVHQÀJXUDVGHOD
PHORGtDRGH OD DUPRQtDTXH VH FRUUHVSRQGHQ FRQ ODV GH OD UHWyULFDHVWR HV
(QHOSUHIDFLRGHOD0XVLFD$XWRVFKHGLDVWLNp%XUPHLVWHUSUHFLVDTXHODREVHUYDFLyQTXHFRQWLHQH
HOK\SRPQHPDWXPHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHOHVWXGLRHODQiOLVLV\ODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHODVREUDVGHORVPDHVWURV
\TXHODIRUPXODFLyQGHORVSUHFHSWRVGHXQDUWHSXHGHPX\ELHQVHJXLUVHGHHOODV©$UWHPYHURLSVDP
DOLWHUFRQVWLWXHUHHWFRQVFULEHUHQRQSRVVXPQLVLH[REVHUYDWLRQLEXV2EVHUYDWLRQHVDXWHPTXLEXVFRQ
ÀFLXQWXUUHJXODHHWSUDHFHSWDDUWLVQRQFRPSDUDQWXUDOLXQGHTXDPH[OHFWLRQHRSWLPRUXPDXFWRUXPª
$3LWiJRUDVPLVPRKDEUtDSDUWLGRGHODREVHUYDWLRSDUDSDVDUGHVSXpVODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHODVFDXVDV
%XUPHLVWHUTXLHUHSURFHGHUGHOPLVPRPRGRHVWRHVGHOHVWXGLRGHORVFDVRV\GHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGH
ORVPDHVWURVDODIRUPXODFLyQGHREVHUYDWLRQHVTXHSHUPLWDQHVWDEOHFHUFRQFHUWH]DDODVFDXVDV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
FRQODVÀJXUDVGHGLFFLyQ\SHQVDPLHQWR/DDQDORJtDHQWUHGLVFXUVRYHUEDO\
FRPSRVLFLyQ PXVLFDO VH H[WUHPD DKRUD DXQTXH QR HQFRQWUDUi VX IRUPXODFLyQ
PiVVRVWHQLGD\FRKHUHQWHKDVWDFXDQGR%XUPHLVWHUFRQFOX\H\SXEOLFD
VXREUDPiVDPELFLRVD\H[WHQVDOD0XVLFD3RHWLFD
/D 0XVLFD 3RHWLFD HV OD KHUHGHUD GLUHFWD GH ORV K\SRPQHPDWD \ ODV DFFH
VVLRQHVHQGRFWULQD\HMHPSORVSHURDGLIHUHQFLDGHORVWUDWDGRVDQWHULRUHVVH
RUGHQDHQWRUQRDXQKLORFRQGXFWRU~QLFR(VSODXVLEOHTXH%XUPHLVWHUIXHUD
FRQVFLHQWHGHODPD\RUVLVWHPDWLFLGDGGHHVWDREUDSXHVHYLWDORVWtWXORVPR
GHVWRV \ H[FXOSDWRULRV TXH SUHVHQWDEDQ VXV OLEURV DQWHULRUHV FRPR XQD VXPD
GHREVHUYDFLRQHVGLVSHUVDVRFRPRXQFRQMXQWRGHUHÁH[LRQHVHQYR]DOWDLP
SURYLVDGDVRVREUHYHQLGDVVLQRWURRUGHQTXHHOGHODDVRFLDFLyQGHLGHDV\HO
WHPDFRP~QGHODH[SRVLFLyQ(OWtWXORGHOWUDWDGRGHSURSRQHXQDSRpWLFD
HVGHFLUXQDUWHGHFRPSRQHURXQWUDWDGRGHP~VLFDSUiFWLFDWRPDQGRSXHV
SRHVLVHQVHQWLGRHWLPROyJLFR\QRXQWUDWDGRGHP~VLFDHVSHFXODWLYDGHORV
TXHREOLJDGDPHQWHKDEtDQGHGDUFXHQWDGHDVXQWRVWDOHVFRPRODQDWXUDOH]DGH
ODP~VLFDPXQGDQDRODKXPDQDODVUDWLRQHV\SURSRUWLRQHVGHORVLQWHUYDORV
ODGLYLVLyQGHOPRQRFRUGLRRORVKDOOD]JRVOHJHQGDULRVGH3LWiJRUDV\7~EDO<
HOPRGHORGHXQDUWHGHFRPSRQHU³\QRGHXQDP~VLFDHVSHFXODWLYDSDUDOD
TXHODWUDGLFLyQRIUHFtDXQEXHQQ~PHURGHSUHFHGHQWHV³SURFHGHHQWHUDPHQWH
GHODUWHGHODUHWyULFDRGHODFRPSRVLFLyQGHGLVFXUVRVTXHHVFXOWXUDOPHQWH
OD PiV UHOHYDQWH OD TXH WHQtD XQD PD\RU SUHVHQFLD FXUULFXODU HQ HVFXHODV \
XQLYHUVLGDGHV \ OD TXH SURSRQH OD HQVHxDQ]D GH XQ SURFHVR tQWHJUR GHVGH HO
SULPHUKDOOD]JRKDVWDHOÀQDOSXOLPLHQWRGHOHVWLOR\ODS~EOLFDGHFODPDFLyQGHOD
RUDWLR%XUPHLVWHUSUHFLVDTXHHOWpUPLQRP~VLFDSRpWLFDTXHpOPLVPR\DKDEtD
XVDGRDOLJXDOTXHPXFKRVGHVXVFRQWHPSRUiQHRVHTXLYDOGUtDDOGHPHORSRHLD
SDODEUD TXH HQFXHQWUD HQ$ULVWyWHOHV \ (XFOLGHV \ TXH KDEUtD GH HQWHQGHUVH
FRPRODPHMRUGHVLJQDFLyQGHODWHUWLDSDUVPXVLFDHTXHH[LJHQRVyOREXHQD
GLVSRVLFLyQLPLWDFLyQ\HMHUFLFLRVLQRWDPELpQODIRUPXODFLyQGHUHJODVFODUDV\
ODIRUPDOL]DFLyQGHXQFRPSHQGLRTXHODVWUDQVPLWD(VGHFLUHQHVWULFWDFRUUHV
SRQGHQFLDFRQODGRFWULQDUHWyULFDODPXVLFDSRHWLFDUHTXLHUHQDWXUDLPLWDWLR
H[HUFLWDWLR\VREUHWRGRXQDUVHQHOTXHHORUDGRU\HOP~VLFRHQFXHQWUHQODV
UHJODV HMHPSORV \ SUDHFHSWD FIU 'HGLFDWRULD 1LFRODXV /LVWHQLXV KDEtD
KDEODGR\DGHPXVLFDSRHWLFDHQORV5XGLPHQWDPXVLFDHSODQDHGH\OD
GHÀQLyHQOD0XVLFDGH+HLQULFK)DEHUXWLOL]yODH[SUHVLyQSDUDWLWXODUVX
/D0XVLFDDXWRVFKHGLDVWLNpUHHODERUDFHxLGDPHQWHHOPDWHULDOUHWyULFRGHO+\SRPQHPDWXPQR
VyORSRUDGLFLyQGHÀJXUDVVLQRWDPELpQSRUUHGHÀQLFLyQGHDOJXQDVGHHOODVSDUDODVYDULDFLRQHVHQHO
FRQFHSWRGHSDOLORJtDPXVLFDOHQWUHDPEDVREUDVYLG%HQLWR95LYHUDHG-RDFKLP%XUPHLVWHU0XVLFD
3RHWLFD 0XVLFDO 3RHWLFV 1HZ +DYHQ /RQGRQ SiJV [YLLL[[ \ SRU OD SURORQJDFLyQ GH ORV
SDUDOHOLVPRVHQWUHODFRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDO\ODRUDWLR(QDPERVWUDWDGRVODPHPRULD\ODSURQXQFLDWLR
TXHKDEtDQSHUGLGRSHVRHQODWUDGLFLyQUHWyULFDHXURSHDHQFXHQWUDQXQQXHYRGHVDUUROOR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
WUDWDGRPDQXVFULWRGH*DOOXV'UHVVOHUFRPSXVRXQRV3UDHFHSWDPXVLFDH
SRHWLFDH\&DOYLVLXVSXEOLFyHQXQD0HORSRHLLD«TXDPYXOJR0XVLFDP
3RHWLFDPYRFDQW&RFKOLFXVSRU~OWLPRDÀUPDEDTXHODYHUGDGHUDP~VLFDHVOD
GHORVTXHVDEHQFXOWLYDUHOJHQXV3RHWLFRUXPHVWRHVFRPELQDUXQDLQYHQWLR
FRQXQDHORFXWLRDGHFXDGD(QWRGRVHOORVSXHGHDGYHUWLUVH³HQPD\RURPHQRU
JUDGR³ODWHQGHQFLDDDGRSWDUHOXWLOODMHFRQFHSWXDOGHODUHWyULFDSDUDGHVFULELU
ORVSUREOHPDV\DUWLÀFLRVGHODFRPSRVLFLyQPXVLFDO\DDVLPLODU³\DSOLFDU
DODP~VLFD³DOJXQRVSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVGHODWHRUtDSRpWLFDQHRDULVWRWpOLFD
\KRUDFLDQD%XUPHLVWHUH[WUHPDQGRHVWDVWHQGHQFLDVGHÀQHODPXVLFDSRHWLFD
FRPR OD SDUWH GH OD P~VLFD TXH HQVHxD D FRPSRQHU XQ FDUPHQ WpUPLQR TXH
FRQYHQGUtDWDPELpQDODSRHVtDPHGLDQWHXQDFRPELQDFLyQGHORVVRQLGRVGH
ODVOtQHDVGHODVPHORGtDVSDUDTXHFRQIRUPDUDXQDDUPRQtDRUQDGDVHJ~QODV
DIHFFLRQHVGHORVSHUtRGRV\FX\RÀQSULQFLSDOIXHUDHOGHPRYHUORViQLPRV\
HOFRUD]yQGHORVKRPEUHV
«HVW LOOD PXVLFDH SDUV TXDH FDUPHQ PXVLFXP GRFHW FRQVFULEHUH
FRQLXQJHQGR VRQRV PHORGLDUXP LQ KDUPRQLDP YDULLV SHULRGRUXP
DIIHFWLRQLEXV H[RUQDWDP DG DQLPRV KRPLQXP FRUGDTXH LQ YDULRV
PRWXVÁHFWHQGD'HOLQHDWLR
4XH HO ÀQ GH OD P~VLFD HV HO PRYLPLHQWR GHO iQLPR \ GH ORV DIHFWRV QR
FRQVWLWX\HXQDQRYHGDGHVODFDUDFWHUtVWLFDPiVVREUHVDOLHQWHGHODP~VLFDGH
ORVDQWLJXRV³GHFUHHUODVGHVFULSFLRQHVTXHWUDQVPLWtDQORVHQFLFORSHGLVWDV\
JUDPiWLFRV³\ODPiVHQYLGLDGDGHORVPRGHUQRVTXHMX]JDQSRUFRPSDUDFLyQ
ODP~VLFDFRQWHPSRUiQHDFRPRLPSHUIHFWDHLQHÀFD]7DPSRFRHVQRYHGRVDOD
DVLPLODFLyQGHORVHIHFWRVGHODP~VLFDFRQHOPRYHUHUHWyULFRXQRGHORVWUHV
ÀQHVGHODRUDWRULDGHDWHQGHUDXQDODUJDWUDGLFLyQHVFRODUQLODXWLOL]DFLyQ
GHOPRGHORGHODVDUWHVGLFHQGLFRPRUHIHUHQFLDPiVRPHQRVH[SUHVDHQOD
HVFULWXUDRODUHÁH[LyQVREUHHODUWHPXVLFDO/D0XVLFD3RHWLFDGH%XUPHLV
WHUHVTXL]iXQFDVRH[WUHPRHQODSHUVHFXFLyQGHWDOHVDQDORJtDVSHURQRXQ
FDVRVLQJXODU%DVWHUHSDUDUSDUDGHPRVWUDUORHQTXH=DUOLQRFRUWDHOWtWXORGH
9LGHOFDStWXOR©4XDOLFRVHQHOODPXVLFDDEELDQRSRVVDQ]DGDLQGXUUHO·KXRPRLQGLYHUVHSDV
VLRQLªHQ*LRVHIIR=DUOLQR,VWLWXWLRQL+DUPRQLFKHGHOUHY0HVVHUH*LRVHIIR=DUOLQRGD&KLRJLD1HOOH
TXDOL ROWUD OH PDWHULH DSSDUWHQHQWL DOOD 0XVLFD VL WURYDQR GLFKLDUDWL PROWL OXRJKL GL SRHWL +LVWRULFL
GL)LORVRÀVLFRPHQHOOHJJHUOHVLSRWUjFKLDUDPHQWHYHGHUH,Q9HQHWLD$SSUHVVR)UDQFHVFR
GHLIUDQFHVFKL6HQHVH,,LYYLLTXHVLQWHWL]DORVOXJDUHVFRPXQHVVREUHHOSRGHUSVLFDJyJLFR
GHODP~VLFDDQWLJXDGHOTXHODPRGHUQDP~VLFDFDUHFHUtD*DOLOHLHQWLHQGHWUDVUHYLVDUORVHIHFWRVGH
ODP~VLFDDQWLJXDTXHSRUHOODVHYH©O·LPSHUIHWWLRQHGLTXHVWDQRVWUDª'LDORJRGHOODPXVLFDDQWLFD
SiJ1RREVWDQWHTXL]iSXHGDFRQVWLWXLUHVWRXQDUHSHWLFLyQGHREVHUYDFLRQHVFOiVLFDVSXHVQRIDOWD
TXLHQHVMX]JDEDQODP~VLFDGHVXWLHPSRFRPRHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQDGHJHQHUDFLyQRXQDFRUUXSFLyQGHOD
P~VLFDDQWHULRUTXHSHUFLEtDQFRPRPiVHÀFD]HJ3ODWyQ5HVSF&LFHUyQ'HOHJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
,VWLWXWLRQL+DUPRQLFKHVREUHHOSDWUyQGHODV,QVWLWXWLRQHV2UDWRULDHGH4XLQ
WLOLDQRRTXHHOSRGHUSVLFDJyJLFRGHODP~VLFDDQWLJXDVHH[SOLFD\MXVWLÀFD
KDELWXDOPHQWHPHGLDQWHODFRQMXQFLyQGHGRVIXHU]DVYLVRSRWHQFLDVODPX
VLFDOSURSLDPHQWHGLFKDTXHGHSHQGHGHOHWKRVPRGDO\GHODFXDOLGDGGHORV
LQWHUYDORV\ODGHODSDODEUD\HOGLVFXUVRRTXHODHÀFDFLDSDVLRQDO\DIHFWLYD
GHODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVVHDFRPXQHFRQODGHORVGLVFXUVRVGH&LFHUyQ
R 'HPyVWHQHV /D GHVFULSFLyQ GH OD 0XVLFD 3RHWLFD LQVLVWH HQ HO OHQJXDMH GH
ODSDVLyQVXGHÀQLFLyQ\H[SRVLFLyQLQFOX\HGHIRUPDFRQVSLFXDODKDUPRQLD
DIIHFWXRVD'HOLQHDWLR\HOÀQGHOPRYLPLHQWRGHORViQLPRVULJHORVPH
GLRVHORUQDWRHOHVWLOR\ODHOHFFLyQGHODVÀJXUDVDGHFXDGDV©XWKDUPRQLDH
FRUSXVVLWDGDQLPRVSHUPRYHQGRVPRGHUDWXPRSRUWHWÀJXULVQRQGHVWLWXDWXU
QHFOHJLEXVWHUPLQRUXPVLWVROXWXPª'HOLQHDWLR
9LHQHDOPHQRVGHORVSULPHURVDxRVGHOVLJOR;9,ODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQIXHUWHGHO
GHEHUVHUGHODP~VLFDSUiFWLFDFRQXQPRGHORGHP~VLFDRUDWRULD\FRQXQDLGHD
ÀOROyJLFD\DQWLFXDULDGHODQDWXUDOH]DGHODP~VLFDDQWLJXD<TXL]iHOPHMRU
LQGLFLRGHHVWDLGHQWLÀFDFLyQQRVHDQODVSURWHVWDVGHORVWUDWDGLVWDVPXVLFDOHVPiV
WpFQLFRV\HVFRODUHVVLQRODSUiFWLFDGHXQDP~VLFDLGHDO³\H[FHOHQWH³TXH
7RPiV0RURDWULEX\yHQDORVKDELWDQWHVGHODLVODGH8WRStD
9HUXPXQDLQUH«ORQJHLQWHUYDOORSUDHFHOOXQWTXRGRPQLVHRUXP
PXVLFD«LWDQDWXUDOHVDIIHFWXVLPLWDWXUHWH[SULPLWLWDVRQXVDFFRP
PRGDWXUDGUHPVHXGHSUHFDQWLVRUDWLRVLWVHXODHWDSODFDELOLVWXUELGD
OXJXEULVLUDWDLWDUHLVHQVXPTXHQGDPPHORGLDHIRUPDUHSUDHVHQWDW
XW DQLPRV DXGLWRUXP PLUXP LQ PRGXP DGÀFLDW SHQHWUHW LQFHQGLDW
7RPiV0RUR8WRSLD,,
/DP~VLFDXWRSLHQVHLPLWD\H[SUHVDORVDIHFWRVUHSUHVHQWDFRQODPHORGtD
HO VHQWLGR \ OD VHQWHQFLD \ VH DMXVWD GH WDO PRGR D OD RUDWLR TXH SHQHWUD HQ
ORViQLPRV\ORVLQFHQGLD/DFRQFHSFLyQGHODP~VLFDXWySLFDHVSXHVODGH
XQDUWHGHODLPLWDFLyQFRPRODSLQWXUDRODSRHVtDPiVTXHODGHXQDUWHGHO
Q~PHURRVLVHSUHÀHUHODGHXQDIRUPDGHH[SUHVLyQTXHUHIXHU]D\HQIDWL]D
HOGLVFXUVRYHUEDOGHWDOPRGRTXHGHODXQLyQGHDPEDVFRVDVHVWRHVGHOD
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQFRUGDQWHGHODSDODEUD\ODPHORGtDVHVLJXHQPDUDYLOORVRV
HIHFWRVHPRFLRQDOHVTXHVRQFRPSDUDEOHVDORVRUDWRULRVUHSiUHVHHQODIyUPXOD
XWDQLPRVDXGLWRUXP«\QRLQIHULRUHVDORVTXHGHVFULEHQORVWH[WRVDQWLJXRV
(V pVWD XQD FRQFHSFLyQ H[SUHVLYD DIHFWLYD \ WDPELpQ GLVFXUVLYD GH OD FRP
SRVLFLyQPXVLFDO\QRVyORSRUTXHRUDWLR\PHORGtDGHEDQFRUUHVSRQGHUVHHQ
DIHFWRV\VHQWLGRVLQRSRUTXHODP~VLFDGHEHVHUpWLFD\DIHFWXRVDRUJDQL]DUVH
6REUHODJHQHDORJtDLQWHOHFWXDOGHODP~VLFDXWRSLHQVHYLG0-RVp9HJD5DPRV©/DWHRUtD
PXVLFDO KXPDQLVWD \ OD SRpWLFD GHO UHQDFLPLHQWRª HQ -DYLHU *XLMDUUR &HEDOORV \ 3HGUR &iWHGUD HGV
+XPDQLVPR\/LWHUDWXUDHQWLHPSRVGH-XDQGHO(QFLQD6DODPDQFD8QLYHUVLGDGSiJV
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
FRPR XQ GLVFXUVR VHUYLU D XQ VHQWLGR \ UHJLUVH SRU XQ ÀQ DQiORJR DO TXH VH
SRVWXODSDUDORVWH[WRV
$ OD FRQIRUPDFLyQ GH HVWH PRGHOR RUDWRULR GLVFXUVLYR R HYHQWXDOPHQWH
LPLWDWLYR\H[SUHVLYRGHODP~VLFD\DOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHDQDORJtDVFDGDYH]
PiVHVWUHFKDVHQWUHGLVFXUVRPXVLFDO\YHUEDOFRQWULEX\yODHVSHFXODFLyQVREUH
ODQDWXUDOH]DGHODP~VLFDDQWLJXD\ODDWHQWDOHFWXUDGHDOJXQRVWH[WRVFOiVLFRV
TXHYHUVDQGHIRUPDGLUHFWDRLQGLUHFWDVREUHP~VLFDRHQORVTXHODP~VLFD
FRQVWLWX\HXQWHPDUHOHYDQWHDXQTXHQRFRQVWLWX\DQWUDWDGRVWpFQLFRVGHP~VLFD
R GH DUPRQtD HQ VHQWLGR HVWULFWR (V PiV OD HVWLPDFLyQ GH TXH OD P~VLFD HV
DUWHLPLWDWLYD³VLQSRUHOORGHMDUGHDORMDUVHHQHOFXDGULYLRHQWUHODVDUWHVGHO
Q~PHUR³VHDÀDQ]DQRWDEOHPHQWHHQODWHRUtDPXVLFDOKXPDQLVWD1RIDOWDEDQ
/DUHFHSFLyQGHORVHVFULWRVDQWLJXRVVREUHP~VLFDIXHLUUHJXODUHQHO5HQDFLPLHQWRVXKLVWRULD
HGLWRULDO FRPLHQ]D UHDOPHQWH HQ HO VLJOR ;9,, FRQ OD LPSUHVLyQ GH FROHFFLRQHV GH DXFWRUHV PXVLFDH
FRPRODGH,RDQQHV0HXUVLXVGH$ULVWR[HQXV1LFRPDFKXV$O\SLXV$XFWRUHV0XVLFDH$QWLTXLVVLPL
KDFWHQXVQRQHGLWL/XJGXQL%DWDYRUXPH[RIÀFLQD/XGRYLFL(O]HYLUL\ODUHXQLGD\HGLWDGDSRU0DUFXV
0HLERPLXVHQ$QWLTXDH0XVLFDH$XFWRUHV6HSWHP$PVWHORGDPLDSXG/XGRYLFXP(O]HYLULXP
$PEDVFRQWLHQHQODVHGLWLRQHVSULQFLSHVGHORVWUDWDGRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGH$ULVWy[HQR$OLSLR1LFyPD
FR$UtVWLGHV4XLQWLOLDQR%DFFKLXV*DXGHQWLXV/DSULQFHSVGHORV+DUPRQLFRUXP/LEUL,,,GH&ODXGLR
3WRORPHRDSDUHFLyHQODVSUHQVDVR[RQLHQVHVHQ9T.DUOYRQ-DQHG0XVLFL6FULSWRUHV*UDHFL
$ULVWRWHOHV(XFOLGHV1LFRPDFKXV%DFFKLXV$O\SLXVHWPHORGLDUXYHWHUXPTXLGTXLGH[VWDWUHFRJQRYLW
SURHPLLVHWLQGLFHLQVWUX[LW&DUROXV-DQXV+LOGHVKHLP+D\FRQVWDQFLDGHTXHDORODUJR
GHOVLJOR;9DOJXQDVELEOLRWHFDVSULYDGDVVHKLFLHURQFRQFRSLDVPDQXVFULWDVGHDOJXQRVWUDWDGRVJULHJRV
GHP~VLFDHQXQFRUSXVIRUPDOL]DGRSRUHGLWRUHVEL]DQWLQRV(ODUTXHWLSRGHOTXHGHULYDUtDQWRGRVORV
PDQXVFULWRVKR\FRQRFLGRVKDVLGRGDWDGRKDFLDHOVLJOR;6HWUDWDUtDGHXQFyGLFH~QLFRTXHUHXQLUtD
REUDVFLHQWtÀFDVVREUHP~VLFD³\RFDVLRQDOPHQWHREUDVFRQXQDRULHQWDFLyQpWLFD\SHGDJyJLFD³\
FX\DFRPSRVLFLyQHVVHPHMDQWHDODGHODDFWXDOHGLFLyQGH-DQGHORV6FULSWRUHV0XVLFL*UDHFL6HJ~Q
$OEHUWR*DOOR©6FULSWRUHV0XVLFL*UDHFLªHQ3.ULVWHOOHU)(&UDQ]HGV&DWDORJXP7UDQVODWLRQXP
HW&RPPHQWDULRUXP0HGLHYDODQG5HQDLVVDQFH/DWLQ7UDQVODWLRQDQG&RPPHQWDULHV:DVKLQJWRQ
ORFRQIRUPDUtDQODVREUDVVLJXLHQWHVOD6HFWLRFDQRQLVDWULEXLGDD(XFOLGHVORV+DUPRQLFDUXP
(OHPHQWRUXPOLEUL,,,GH$ULVWy[HQRV\IUDJPHQWRVVREUHHOULWPRORV'HPXVLFDOLEULWUHVGH$UtVWLGHV
4XLQWLOLDQRHO'HPXVLFDGH3OXWDUFRHO+DUPRQLFHV0DQXDOHGH1LFyPDFROD+DUPRQLFDLQWURGXFWLR
GH*DXGHQFLR\HO,QWURGXFWRULXPKDUPRQLFXPDWULEXLGRD&OHyQLGHVORV+DUPRQLFRUXP/LEULWUHVGH
3WRORPHR FRQ XQ FRPHQWR GH 3RUÀULR OD ,QWURGXFWLR 0XVLFD GH$O\SLXV XQD REUD GHO PLVPR WtWXOR
GH %DFFKLXV \ YDULRV DQyQLPRV HQWUH HOORV HO 6FULSWLR GH 0XVLFD +D GH QRWDUVH TXH HVWD FROHFFLyQ
FRPSUHQGHREUDVPX\YDULDVHVFULWDVHQXQDUFRGHWLHPSRQRLQIHULRUDRFKRVLJORVTXHSODQWHDQSRU
HOORSUREOHPDVÀOROyJLFRVHLQWHUSUHWDWLYRVQRWDEOHPHQWHGLYHUVRV6XWUDWDPLHQWRGHIRUPDXQLWDULDHV
XQDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHVXWUDQVPLVLyQHKLVWRULDHGLWRULDO/DVSRVLEOHVWUDGXFFLRQHVODWLQDVGHHVWRVWH[WRV
VREUH ODV TXH KD\ WHVWLPRQLRV FRQWUDGLFWRULRV QR VH DEULHURQ SDVR KDVWD OD LPSUHQWD HQ HO VLJOR ;9,
6yOROOHJDURQDGLIXQGLUVHLPSUHVDVGRVWUDGXFFLRQHVODWLQDVODYHUVLyQGH*LRUJLR9DOODGHXQWUDWDGR
DWULEXLGRD(XFOLGHV\ODGH&DUOR9DOJXOLRGHOGLiORJR'HPXVLFDDWULEXLGRD3OXWDUFR
/D LGHQWLÀFDFLyQ GH XQD WHRUtD PXVLFDO KXPDQLVWD KD WHQLGR XQD KLVWRULD FRQWURYHUWLGD SXHV
VHHVWLPyGXUDQWHPXFKRWLHPSRTXHHOKHFKRGHTXHORVP~VLFRVGHOUHQDFLPLHQWRQRGLVSXVLHUDQGH
PRGHORVDQWLJXRVDORVTXHLPLWDUKDEUtDLPSHGLGRHVDYXHOWDJHQHUDOKDFLDOD$QWLJHGDGFOiVLFDTXH
SDUHFHFDUDFWHUL]DUDODVGLVFLSOLQDVGHHVHSHUtRGR3DUDODQDWXUDOH]D\OtPLWHVGHOKXPDQLVPRPXVLFDO
UHPLWRDORVWUDEDMRVDXVSLFLDGRVSRUHO:DUEXUJ,QVWLWXWHGH'3:DONHU©0XVLFDO+XPDQLVPLQWKH
WK DQG (DUO\ WK &HQWXULHVª , \ ,, HQ 7KH 0XVLF 5HYLHZ SiJV Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
DXWRULGDGHVTXHDYDODUDQHOGHVOL]DPLHQWRGHODP~VLFDKDFLDODLPLWDFLyQ\ODV
DUWHV VHUPRFLQDOHV (Q OD 3RpWLFD GH$ULVWyWHOHV SRU HMHPSOR VH DÀUPDED GH
PDQHUDLQHTXtYRFDTXHODP~VLFDHVLPLWDFLyQFRPRODSLQWXUD\ODSRHVtD\HO
OLEURRFWDYRGHOD3ROtWLFDDEXQGDEDHQHVDDÀUPDFLyQSUHFLVDEDDGHPiVTXHOD
P~VLFDHVLPLWDFLyQGHOFDUiFWHU\TXHSRUVHUPLPpWLFDWHQtDHQORVR\HQWHV
HIHFWRVHPRFLRQDOHVTXHFRPRORVGHODWUDJHGLDSRGUtDQFDOLÀFDUVHGHFDWiUWL
FRV1RHVGHH[WUDxDUSRUWDQWRTXHHQODVFODVLÀFDFLRQHVGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVOD
P~VLFDSXGLHUDDSDUHFHUFRPRDUWHIDWWLYDHVWRHVSRpWLFDRFRPRDUWHLPLWDWLYD
\QR~QLFDPHQWHFRPRFLHQFLDGHOQ~PHURGHODSURSRUFLyQ\HOVRQLGR
\©7KH$LPVRI%DwI·V$FDGpPLHGHOD3RpVLHHWGHOD0XVLTXHª-RXUQDORI5HQDLVVDQFH
DQGEDURTXH0XVLFSiJV©7KH,QÁXHQFHRIPXVLTXHPHVXUpHjO·DQWLTXHSDUWLFXODUO\
RQWKHDLUVGHFRXU RI WKH (DUO\ WK &HQWXU\ª0XVLFD 'LVFLSOLQD SiJV ©)LFLQR·V
VSLULWXV DQG 0XVLFª $QQDOHV 0XVLFRORJLTXHV , SiJV ©2USKHXV WKH 7KHRORJLDQ DQG
5HQDLVVDQFH3ODWRQLVWVª7KH-RXUQDORIWKH:DUEXUJDQG&RXUWDXOG,QVWLWXWHSiJV
©/HFKDQWRUSKLTXHGH0DUVLOH)LFLQªHQ0XVLTXHHW3RpVLHDX;9,HVLqFOH3DULVSiJV
6SLULWXDODQG'HPRQLF0DJLFIURP)LFLQRWR&DPSDQHOOD/HLGHQ%ULOO6WXGLHVLQ0XVLFDO6FLHQFH
LQ WKH /DWH 5HQDLVVDQFH /RQGRQ 7KH :DUEXUJ ,QVWLWXWH \$PHOLD )UDQFHV<DWHV 7KH )UHQFK
$FDGHPLHVRIWKH;9,WK&HQWXU\/RQGRQ(Q3DXO2VNDU.ULVWHOOHUODPHQWDEDD~Q
HODLVODPLHQWRLQWHOHFWXDOGHORVHVWXGLRVPXVLFDOHVGHOUHQDFLPLHQWR5HQDLVVDQFH7KRXJKW,,3DSHUVRQ
+XPDQLVPDQGWKH$UWV1HZ<RUN/RQGRQSiJVHQFRQFUHWRSiJ\HOWRSRV
KLVWRULRJUiÀFRTXH H[FOX\H HO KXPDQLVPR LWDOLDQRGH WRGD FRQVLGHUDFLyQSRU HQWHQGHU TXH ORV FHQWURV
GHLQQRYDFLyQPXVLFDOHVWDEDQVLWXDGRVHQ)UDQFLD\ORV3DtVHV%DMRV.ULVWHOOHUSURSXVRHQWRQFHVXQD
DSUR[LPDFLyQVXSUDGLVFLSOLQDU©WRFRRUGLQDWHDIHZIDFWVZHOONQRZQWRPXVLFDOKLVWRULDQVZLWKDIHZ
RWKHUVWKDWDUHSULPDULO\NQRZQWRVWXGHQWVRIWKHKLVWRU\RIOLWHUDWXUHSKLORVRSK\DQGHGXFDWLRQªSiJ
8QHVWDGRGHODFXHVWLyQGHORVHVWXGLRVVREUHHOKXPDQLVPRHQP~VLFDHQ&ODXGH3DOLVFD+XPD
QLVPLQ,WDOLDQ5HQDLVVDQFH0XVLFDO7KRXJKW1HZ+DYHQ/RQGRQ<DOH83\©+XPDQLVPDQG
0XVLFªHQ$OEHUW5DELOHG5HQDLVVDQFH+XPDQLVP)RXQGDWLRQV)RUPVDQG/HJDF\,,,+XPDQLVP
DQGWKH'LVFLSOLQHV3KLODGHOSKLDSiJV
7RGRHOTXHSUHVHQFLDRHVFXFKDLPLWDFLRQHV³VHOHHHQOD3ROtWLFD³WLHQGHDDGRSWDUHOHVWDGR
GH OR TXH VH LPLWD /RV ULWPRV \ PHORGtDV FRQWLHQHQ UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV GH OD FyOHUD OD PDQVHGXPEUH
HO YDORU OD WHPSHUDQFLD \ HQ JHQHUDO GH WRGDV ODV FXDOLGDGHV PRUDOHV \ GH VXV RSXHVWRV \ FXDQGR
HVFXFKDPRVHVDVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVFDPELDQXHVWUDDOPD/DP~VLFDLPLWDORLQWHULRUIUHQWHDODSLQWXUD\
ODHVFXOWXUDTXHLPLWDQORH[WHULRUODP~VLFDFRQWLHQHLPLWDFLRQHVGHOFDUiFWHUPLHQWUDVTXHODVREUDV
SOiVWLFDVLPLWDQORVVLJQRVGHOFDUiFWHU\QRHOFDUiFWHUPLVPR3RODEYLGTXRTXHEE
\ 3OXWDUFR 'H PXV &$ (Q ORV 3UREOHPDWD E VH FRQÀUPD TXH OD PHORGtD SRVHH
FDUiFWHU1yWHVHTXHOD3RpWLFDGHÀQHODSRHVtDFRPRLPLWDFLyQGHODDFFLyQ\QRGHOFDUiFWHU\SUHFLVD
DGHPiVTXHVLODSRHVtDLPLWDHOFDUiFWHUORKDFHGHPDQHUDVHFXQGDULDSRUTXHVHVLJXHGHODDFFLyQ
/DXQLyQGHSRHVtD\P~VLFDSURFXUDSRUWDQWRXQDLPLWDFLyQXQLWDULDGHDFFLyQ\SDVLyQ
/DDVLPLODFLyQGHODP~VLFDDODVDUWHVGHOGLVFXUVRODUHWyULFD\ODSRpWLFD\VREUHWRGRDODV
DUWHVGHODLPLWDFLyQVXSRQHXQDLQÁH[LyQPX\UHOHYDQWHHQODIRUPDGHFRQFHELUODDFWLYLGDGPXVLFDO
\DTXHODGLVFLSOLQDIRUPDEDSDUWHGHOTXDGULYLXP\KDELWXDOPHQWHVHODFODVLÀFDFRPRDUWHVSHFWDWLYD
HVSHFXODWLYDRUHDOUHDOLVSURSLDGHOLQWHOHFWRFRQWHPSODWLYRTXHQRFRQGXFHDDFWLYLGDGSUiFWLFDYLG
$OOLVRQ:KLWH©%RHWKLXVDQGWKH0HGLHYDO4XDGULYLXPªHQ0DUJDUHW*LEVRQHG%RHWKLXV+LV/LIH
7KRXJKWDQG,QÁXHQFH2[IRUGSiJV&RPRWDOFRPSDUWHFDWHJRUtDFRQODPHWDItVLFDOD
ItVLFDODPDWHPiWLFDODDULWPpWLFDODJHRPHWUtDODDVWURORJtDIUHQWHDODVDUWHVUDFLRQDOHVODGLDOpFWLFD
ODUHWyULFDODSRpWLFDHVWRHVODVDUWHVGHOLQWHOHFWRSUiFWLFRDFWLYRRUD]yQLQIHULRU
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
3RU RWUD SDUWH FXDOTXLHU PDQXDO GHO 4XLQLHQWRV UHFRJtD XQ FRQMXQWR H[
WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHWRSLFDOL]DGRGHQRWLFLDV\HMHPSORVOHJHQGDULRVTXHYHUVDEDQ
VREUHORVSURGLJLRVRVHIHFWRVGHODP~VLFDDQWLJXD6ROtDQDEXQGDUHQHOFDUiFWHU
FLYLOL]DGRUGH OD P~VLFD ³TXH DPDQVD D ODV ÀHUDV R DWUDH D ORV EiUEDURV D OD
UD]yQ³ R HQ VX SRGHU FDVL PiJLFR VREUH ORV HVStULWXV \ DIHFFLRQHV XQ FDP
ELR GH PRGDOLGDG PX\ ELHQ SRGtD HQFHQGHU OD LUD GH XQ KRPEUH \ GHYROYHUOH
OXHJRDODFDOPDRDOHQWDUXQDVHGLFLyQ\VRVHJDUGHVSXpVDORVYLROHQWRV/DV
IXHQWHVPiVGHVWDFDEOHVGHHVWDVQRWLFLDVPLOYHFHVFRQWDGDVHUDQWDUGRODWLQDV
FRPR &DSHOOD %RHFLR R &DVLRGRUR TXH WUDVODGDEDQ ORV HMHPSORV GHO SRGHU
WDXPDW~UJLFRGHODP~VLFDGH2UIHR$QÀyQR/LQRDQpFGRWDVVREUH7LPRWHR\
$OHMDQGUR\DOJXQDVKLVWRULDVVDFUDVQRPHQRVSURGLJLRVDVTXHVHLQVSLUDEDQ
HQODV(VFULWXUDV,PSRUWDGHVWDFDUTXHSRUPX\LQYHURVtPLOHVTXHSDUH]FDQ
ORV KHFKRV QDUUDGRV IXHURQ HQWHQGLGDV FRPR QRWLFLDV YHUGDGHUDV \ GLJQDV GH
FUpGLWRTXHFRQGHFtDQFRQORTXHHQRWUDVDXWRULGDGHVSRGtDOHHUVHDFHUFDGH
ODUHOHYDQFLDGHODP~VLFDHQODHGXFDFLyQGHORVFLXGDGDQRVGHVXYDORUFRPR
HVFXHODGHYLUWXGRSRUHOFRQWUDULRFRPRLQYLWDFLyQDOYLFLRRDODYROXSWXRVLGDG
(OKHFKRGHTXHORVHVFDVRVWH[WRVGHP~VLFDDQWLJXDTXHVHKDEtDQSUHVHUYDGR
WXYLHUDQXQDQRWDFLyQDEVROXWDPHQWHLQGHVFLIUDEOHQRLPSLGLyVLQRTXHPiVELHQ
DOHQWy OD IRUPDFLyQ GH XQD LGHD UHJXODWLYD VREUH VX QDWXUDOH]D FDGD YH] PiV
(OFDQWRDWUDHDORVEiUEDURVDODUD]yQ4XLQWLOLDQR ,QVW2UDW+RUDFLR$UVY
\WLHQHSRGHUSDUDFDOPDUDODVÀHUDVRGREOHJDUODVFRPRGHPXHVWUDQORVFDVRVGH2UIHR$ULyQ
\$QÀyQ3OLQLR+LVW1DW\&DSHOOD'H1XSWLLVVREUHHOHIHFWRHQORV
HOHIDQWHVODVVHUSLHQWHVORVSiMDURV\ORVFLVQHV\VREUHODFD]DFRQP~VLFD&DSHOOD'H1XSWLLV
0DFURELR,Q6RPQ6FLS&DVLRGRUR'HPXV$,VLGRUR(W\P/DOLUDGH'DYLG
GRPLQDED HO HVStULWX H LQFOXVR SRQtD HQ IXJD DO GLDEOR \9LUJLOLR FHOHEUy D 0XVHR TXH WRFD SDUD ORV
ELHQDYHQWXUDGRVHQORVFDPSRVHOtVHRV7LPRWHRH[FLWyHLQÁDPyODVDOPDVGHORVKRPEUHVFRQDUPRQtDV
YHKHPHQWHV \ OXHJR ORV GHYROYLy D ODV FDOPD FRQ ODV GXOFHV HQ XQ EDQTXHWH RIUHFLGR SRU$OHMDQGUR
WRFyHQHOPRGRIULJLR\ORJUyDVtTXH$OHMDQGURVHH[FLWDUDKDVWDWDOSXQWRTXHVHOHYDQWySDUDWRPDU
ODVDUPDVSHUR7LPRWHRFDPELyGHPHORGtD\OHKL]RYROYHUDOEDQTXHWH3OXWDUFR'HPXV&)
7LQFWRULV'HLQYHQWORVSLWDJyULFRVORJUDEDQFDOPDUFRQVXVPHORGtDVDORVMyYHQHVDLUDGRV%RHFLR
'H LQVW PXV \ 'DPyQ VRVHJy D ORV YLROHQWRV FRQ PHORGtDV JUDYHV &DSHOOD 'H 1XSWLLV ODP~VLFDSXHGHFDOPDUDORVVHGLFLRVRVTXHVHOHYDQWDQFRQWUDHOJRELHUQROHJtWLPR\DSDJDUODV
UHEHOLRQHV&DSHOOD'H1XSWLLV(VPiVODP~VLFDDFRPSDxDDORVHMpUFLWRVSRUVXSRGHUSDUD
OHYDQWDUODVSDVLRQHVPiVDGHFXDGDVSDUDODEDWDOODORVODFHGHPRQLRVFRPEDWtDQFRQP~VLFDDOLJXDO
TXHODVOHJHQGDULDVDPD]RQDV\TXHORVFUHWHQVHVTXHOXFKDEDQDOVRQLGRGHODFtWDUD4XLQWLOLDQR,QVW
2UDWR3OLQLR+LVW1DW&DSHOOD'H1XSWLLV%RHFLRGHLQVWPXV
0DFURELR,Q6RPQ6FLS/DP~VLFDWLHQHSRGHUHVFXUDWLYRVVREUHHOFXHUSR\QRVyORVREUHHO
DOPDGDGDODDÀQLGDGHQWUHDPERV*HOLR1RFWHV$WWLFDHDVt7DOHVGH&UHWDDKX\HQWDEDFRQ
GHWHUPLQDGDVPHORGtDVGHODFtWDUDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVFRQWDJLRVDV+LHUyÀORDVXFXOWDEDPXVLFDOPHQWHODV
YHQDV\ORVSXOVRV\FRQOD P~VLFD GRPLQDED VX FDGHQFLD$VFOHStDGHV YROYtD HQ Vt D ORV IUHQpWLFRV
3RGUtDQ FXUDUVH WDPELpQ ODV ÀHEUHV ODV KHULGDV OD PRUGHGXUD GH YtERUD 3OLQLR +LVW 1DW &DSHOOD 'H QXSWLLV /RV WUDWDGLVWDV PXVLFDOHV GHO VLJOR ;9, FRQFHGHQ HVSHFLDO LPSRUWDQFLD
DODFDSDFLGDGSDUDPRYHUSDVLRQHV\VHFXQGDULDPHQWHSDUDFXUDUODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHOFXHUSRFRQ
HVSHFLDODWHQFLyQD3ODWyQ5HVSGH
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
SRGHURVD\EDVDGDFDVLH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQODGHVFULSFLyQSXUDPHQWHWH[WXDOGH
VXQDWXUDOH]D\HIHFWRV
(O LGHDO GH OD P~VLFD XWRSLHQVH HV GHFLU HVD P~VLFD DIHFWLYD H[SUHVLYD
LPLWDWLYD \ SDVLRQDO HVD P~VLFD TXH FRPR OD RUDWRULD SHQHWUD ORV iQLPRV \
ORVLQFHQGLDHVSXHVHOLGHDOGHODP~VLFDDQWLJXD\HOTXHORVWUDWDGLVWDVGHO
4XLQLHQWRV WUDWDQ GH UHFXSHUDU ³HQ YDQR³ PHGLDQWH OD XQLyQ GHO SRGHU SVL
FDJyJLFR \ GH OD IXHU]D LPLWDWLYD GH OD DUPRQtD \ GH OD SDODEUD =DUOLQR SRU
HMHPSOR HQWHQGtD TXH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ SRU VHSDUDGR GH HVWRV GRV PHGLRV GH OD
LPLWDFLyQDSHQDVVLPDQLIHVWDEDDOJXQDYLUWRSRVVHQ]DFLHUWDPHQWH³VXJH
UtD³ODDUPRQtDWLHQHFDSDFLGDGSDUDGLVSRQHULQWUtQVHFDPHQWHHOiQLPRKDFLD
DOJXQDDIHFFLyQGHWHUPLQDGD\HOQ~PHURSXHGHDGHPiVUHIRU]DUHVHSRGHU3HUR
HOSRGHUYHUGDGHURGHVXVFLWDUODVSDVLRQHVH[WUtQVHFDVHVGHFLUHVDVSDVLRQHV
TXHYHUGDGHUDPHQWHVRQWDQH[WUHPDV\SRGHURVDVTXHGLVSRQHQHLQFLWDQDOD
DFFLyQVHUHVHUYDSDUDODXQLyQGHODDUPRQtD\ODSDODEUD
SHUFLRFKHVHQRLSLJOLDPRODVHPSOLFH+DUPRQLDVHQ]DDJJLXQJHUOH
DOFXQDDOWUDFRVDQRQKDYHUjSRVVDQ]DDOFXQDGLIDUHDOFXQRHIIHWWR
HVWULQVHFRGHJOLVRSUDQDUUDWLDQFRUDFKHKDYHVVHSRVVDQ]DDGXQFHUWR
PRGRGLGLVSRUO·DQLPDLQWULQVHFDPHQWHDGHVSULPHUHSLIDFLOPHQWH
DOFXQHSDVVLRQLRYHURHIIHWWL«PDQRQqSHUzLQGXWWRGDOHLDGHVSUL
PHUHDOFXQRHIIHWWRHVWULQVHFR«RYHUIDUHDOFXQDFRVDPDQLIHVWD0DVH
jWDOH+DUPRQLDDJJLXQJLDPRLO1XPHURGHWHUPLQDWRHSURSRUWLRQDWR
VXELWRSLJOLDJUDQIRU]DHPXRYHO·DQLPRFRPHVLVFRUJHQHL%DOOL«
$JJLXQJHQGR SRL D TXHVWH GXH FRVH OD 2UDWLRQH FLRq LO SDUODUH LO
TXDOHHVSULPDFRVWXPLFROPH]]RGHOODQDUUDWLRQHGLDOFXQDKLVWRULD
+DVWD QR VH SURGXFHQ LQWHQWRV GH HGLFLyQ \ GHVFLIUDPLHQWR GH ORV FXDWUR KLPQRV
JULHJRVFRQQRWDFLyQFRQVHUYDGD9LQFHQ]R*DOLOHLHVHOSULPHUHGLWRUGHORVWUHVKLPQRVGH0HVRPHGHV
HQSRFRGHVSXpV)3DWUL]LLQFOX\yXQDPXHVWUDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDHQODSULPHUDGHFDGHO'HOODSRH
WLFDHQ(Q*LURODPR0HLKDEtDVHQWDGRODVEDVHVWHRULFDVGHOPpWRGRGHWUDQVFULSFLyQHQ
VXFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDSULYDGDFRQ*DOLOHL\%DUGL&IU*DOLOHLSiJVVV3DWUL]L,
SiJVVV0HL3DOLVFDHG7KH)ORUHQWLQH&DPHUDWD'RFXPHQWDU\6WXGLHVDQG7UDQVODWLRQV1HZ
+DYHQDQG/RQGRQ<DOH83SiJ6REUHODVLGHDVPXVLFDOHVGH3DWUL]LYLG'DQLOR$JX]]L
%DUEDJOL©)UDQFHVFR3DWUL]LHO·XPDQHVLPRPXVLFDOHGHO&LQTXHFHQWRªHQ9%UDQFD*UDFLRWWLHGV
/·XPDQHVLPRLQ,VWULD)LUHQ]HSiJV(OSDUDGLJPDGHODP~VLFDDQWLJXDGRPLQDGHVGHHO
WtWXORDOJXQDVGHODVREUDVPiVUHOHYDQWHVGHODWUDWDGtVWLFDPXVLFDOGHO5HQDFLPLHQWRWDOHVHOFDVRGH
1LFROD9LFHQWLQR/·DQWLFDPXVLFDULGRWWDDOODPRGHUQDSUDWWLFDFRQODGLFKLDUDWLRQHHWFRQJOLHVVHPSL
GH L WUH JHQHUL FRQ OH ORUR VSHWLH (W FRQ O·LQYHQWLRQH GL XQR QXRYR VWURPHQWR QHO TXDOH VL FRQWLHQH
WXWWDODSHUIHWWDPXVLFDFRQPROWLVHJUHWLPXVLFDOL,Q5RPDDSSUHVVR$QWRQLR%DUUH(G)DF
'RFXPHQWD 0XVLFRORJLFD Qž ;9,, .DVVHO%DVHO/RQGRQ GH 'H PRGLV PXVLFLV DQWLTXRUXP GH
*LURODPR0HLHO'LDORJRGHOODPXVLFDDQWLFDHODPRGHUQDGH9LQFHQ]R*DOLOHLRHO'LVFRUVRVRSUDOD
PXVLFDDQWLFDHLOFDQWDUEHQHTXH*LRYDQQLGH·%DUGLSUHVHQWyDQWHOD$FFDGHPLDGHJOL$OWHUDWL
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
RIDYRODqLPSRVVLELOHGLSRWHUGLUHTXDQWDVLDODIRU]DGLTXHVWHWUH
FRVHDJJLXQWHLQVLHPH,VWLWXWLRQL+DUPRQLFKH,,YLL
1RVHDOHMDQPXFKRGHHVWDFRQVLGHUDFLyQODVUHÁH[LRQHVGHORVFRPHQWDULVWDV
GHOD3RpWLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVFXDQGRKDQGHJORVDUORVSDVDMHVHQORVTXHHOÀOyVRIR
KDEODGHORVWUHVLQVWUXPHQWRVLPLWDWLYRVODSDODEUDHOULWPRODDUPRQtDQLODV
GHORVP~VLFRVTXHVLJXHQHVWUHFKDPHQWHODOHWUDDULVWRWpOLFD%DVWHFRPR~QLFR
HMHPSORHO'LVFRUVRVRSUDODPXVLFDDQWLFDGH%DUGLHQHOTXHSXHGHOHHUVHTXH
HOSRGHUGHODP~VLFDSDUDGHMDULPSUHVDHQHOLQWHOHFWRXQDSDVLyQGHSHQGHGH
ODFRQMXQFLyQGHVRQLGR\SDODEUD\GHODDGHFXDFLyQGHDPEDV
LPSHURFKH TXHJOL DQWLFKL PXVLFL IXURQR SHU OR SL ÀQLVVLPL SRHWL
R JUDQGLVVLPL ÀORVRÀ FKH QRQ WDQWR D VWX]]LFDU JOL RUHFFKL FRPH L
PRGHUQLSHQVDYDQRPDDGLPSULPHUHQHOO·LQWHOOHWWRSDUWHQRELOLVVLPD
GHOO·XRPRVHFRQGRLOVRJJHWWRRDOOHJUH]]DRGRORUHRDOWUDSDVVLRQH(
FLzDYYHQLYDLPSHURFKHLYHUVLIDWWLGDOSRHWDHUDQVHJXLWLGDHVVLVH
FRQGRLOULWPRHDFFRPSDJQDWLGDOVXRQRGLYRFHHVWUXPHQWRFRQWDQWD
GHVWUH]]DHGROFH]]DFKHG·HVVRYHUVRQRQVLSHUGHYDSDUROD«
(QFLHUWRPRGRSXHVODOHFWXUDGH$ULVWyWHOHV\3ODWyQGHOGLiORJR'HPX
VLFDDWULEXLGRD3OXWDUFR\GHORV'HLSQRVRSKLVWDHGH$WHQHRHQWUHRWURVWH[WRV
WUDQVPLWtDODFRQYLFFLyQGHTXHHOSRGHUHPRFLRQDOGHODP~VLFDGHSHQGtDGHO
(QHVWHSDVDMHHOWpUPLQRQXPHURYDOHSRUPHWUR©LO1XPHURGHWHUPLQDWRFRQWHQXWRQHOYHUVR
LOTXDOQRPLQLDPR0HWURªSHURRFDVLRQDOPHQWHDGRSWDHOVLJQLÀFDGRGHGDQ]D©LO1XPHUR«FRPH
VLVFRUJHQHL%DOOLªTXHHVODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHVHFRQFHGHDOWpUPLQRULWPRGHOD3RpWLFDDULVWRWpOLFD
(QJHQHUDOHOVHQWLGRGHQ~PHURYDUtDHQORVWH[WRVGHWHRUtDPXVLFDODOLJXDOTXHHQORVGHUHWyULFD\
SRpWLFDVLELHQGHQWURGHPiUJHQHVUHGXFLGRVSXHGHHQWHQGHUVHFRPRTXDQWLWDVGHODGLFFLyQGHÀQLGR
IUHFXHQWHPHQWHFRPR©WHPSRULVVSDFLDDFPRPHQWDª\SRUUHGXFFLyQPHWURHJ)XULy&HULROSXHGH
HQWHQGHUVHGHIRUPDDPSOLDGDFRPRUHIHULGRDODTXDQWLWDVLQFRUSRUHHWLQWHPSRUH\DODTXDOLWDVLQ
WHQRUHHWLQVRQRGHODGLFFLyQFRPRSURSRQH6FDOLJHURFRPRVHVLJXHGHORVWH[WRVGH3RQWDQRRGH
+HUUHUDRSRU~OWLPRSXHGHVHUODWUDGXFFLyQGHXQRGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHODLPLWDFLyQGHOD3RpWLFD
DULVWRWpOLFDHQDOWHUQDQFLDFRQULWPR/RPiVIUHFXHQWHHVTXHHOQ~PHURVHDSOLTXHDODFDQWLGDGTXH
SRUGHÀQLFLyQHVQXPHUDEOHRPHQVXUDEOH\QRDODFXDOLGDGGHODGLFFLyQ'HKHFKR\DODV&DWHJRUtDV
DULVWRWpOLFDVHMHPSOLÀFDEDQODFDQWLGDGFRQHOHMHPSORGHOOHQJXDMHTXHSXHGHPHGLUVHRQXPHUDUVH&DW
E\DHOODVDOLJXDOTXHDOFDStWXOR[LLLGHOTXLQWRGHOD0HWDItVLFDDFXGHQDOJXQRVWHyULFRVGH
ODSRHVtDSDUDGHÀQLUHOQXPHUXV9LG)XULy&HULRO,QVWLWXWLRQXP5KHWRULFDUXPOLEUL,,,,6FDOLJHU
3RHWLFHVOLEUL6HSWHP9O[YO[YLEE3RQWDQR$FWLXV)GH+HUUHUD$QRWDFLRQHV+
&IUTXRTXH-DYLHU6DQ-RVp/HUD©'HHVWpWLFD\UHWyULFDOXLVLDQDV$OJXQDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH
HOQ~PHURHQODSURVDGHIUD\OXLVGH/HyQªHQ9*DUFtDGHOD&RQFKD\-6DQ-RVpHGV)UD\/XLV
GH/HyQ+LVWRULD+XPDQLVPR\/HWUDV6DODPDQFD8QLYHUVLGDGSiJV
%DUGL'LVFRUVRVRSUDODPXVLFDDQWLFDFLWRSRU&ODXGH3DOLVFD©$'LVFRXUVHRIWKH3HUIR
PDQFH RI7UDJHG\ E\ *LRYDQQL GH· %DUGLª 0XVLFD 'LVFLSOLQD SiJV HQ FRQFUHWR
SiJ
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0Ô6,&$5(7Ð5,&$<0Ô6,&$32e7,&$(1(/5(1$&,0,(1727$5'Ì2
DFLHUWRGHODLPLWDFLyQGHODSDODEUDGHVXUHODFLyQ\FRQMXQFLyQFRQpVWDGH
ODHÀFDFLDH[SUHVLYDHQODTXHODDUPRQtD\ODPHORGtDVLUYHQDOVHQWLGRGHOD
RUDWLR/DUHFRQVWUXFFLyQDQWLFXDULDGHOKXPDQLVPRSUHVXPtDDGHPiVTXHOD
P~VLFDRULJLQDULDODPiVDQWLJXDODGHOPRGHORyUÀFRHUDVLHPSUHODP~VLFD
YRFDO\TXHORVSURGLJLRVRVHIHFWRVGHODP~VLFDTXHGHVFULEHQODVDXWRULGDGHV
FOiVLFDVVHUHIHUtDQQHFHVDULDPHQWHDODXQLyQGHOGLVFXUVRYHUEDO\GHOPXVLFDO
SRHVtD\P~VLFDRUDWLR\DUPRQtDHUDQSXHVRULJLQDULDPHQWHLQGHVOLJDEOHV\
DVtORKDEUtDQTXHULGRORVTXHLQVWLWX\HURQOHJHQGDULDPHQWHDPEDVGLVFLSOLQDV
'HMRDXQODGRHQHVWDDSUHFLDFLyQODYDORUDFLyQGHODP~VLFDPiJLFDGH)LFLQR\VXFtUFXOR
VXVVLQJXODUHVSUiFWLFDVGHFDQWRyUÀFR\VXVSUHVXSXHVWRVVREUHODFDSDFLGDGGHODP~VLFDSDUDDWUDHU
ODYLVSODQHWDULD(OSHQVDPLHQWRGH)LFLQRVREUHODP~VLFDKDVLGRHOFHQWURGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUH
ODWHRUtDPXVLFDOKXPDQLVWDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQODGLUHFFLyQLQVWDXUDGDSRUORVFLWDGRVWUDEDMRVGH:DONHU
\3DXO2VNDU.ULVWHOOHU©0XVLFDQG/HDUQLQJLQWKH,WDOLDQ5HQDLVVDQFHª-RXUQDORI
5HQDLVVDQFHDQG%DURTXH0XVLFSiJV\RSFLWYLGTXRTXH*DU\7RPOLQVRQ
0XVLFLQUHQDLVVDQFH0DJLF&KLFDJR/RQGRQ&KLFDJR83\HOHVWDGRGHODFXHVWLyQHQ.DURO
%HUJHU©&RQWHPSODWLQJ0XVLF$UFKDHORJ\ª7KH-RXUQDORI0XVLFRORJ\SiJV6REUH
ODSHUYLYHQFLDGHLGHDVERHFLDQDVVREUHODPXVLFDPXQGDQD\HQJHQHUDOVREUHODUHFHSFLyQGH%RHFLR
HQHOSHQVDPLHQWRÀFLQLDQRYLG$QWKRQ\*UDIWRQ©(SLORJXH%RHWKLXVLQWKH5HQDLVVDQFHªHQ0DUJDUHW
*LEVRQHG%RHWKLXV+LV/LIH7KRXJKWDQG,QÁXHQFH2[IRUGSiJV\VHFXQGDULDPHQWH
:KLWHDUWFLW
/RVTXHLQVWLWX\HURQODP~VLFDKDEUtDQVLGRSRHWDV\HVFULWRUHVTXHDxDGLHURQPHORGtDDORV
YHUVRVFRPRVXSXHVWDPHQWHKDEUtDQKHFKR7HUSVtFRUR\ORVDQWLJXRVOtULFRV$VtSRUHMHPSORGHVFULEH
3OXWDUFRODLQVWLWXFLyQGHODP~VLFD'HPXV$)$$9LGTXRTXH)UDQFKLQR*DIIXULR
7KHRULFD0XVLFH:..UH\V]LJ&3DOLVFDHGV1HZ+DYHQ/RQGRQ,L\$O
UHODWDUODKLVWRULDGHORVRUtJHQHVGHODP~VLFD=DUOLQRVHxDODTXHDQWLJXDPHQWHORVP~VLFRVORVSRHWDV\
ORVDGLYLQRVRVDELRVLQGRYLQLHWVDSLHQWLHUDQXQDPLVPDFRVD©HVVHQGRFKHQHOOD3RHVLDHUDFRQWHQXWD
SHUWDOPRGROD0XVLFDFKHJOL$QWLFKLSHUTXHVWDYRFH0XVLFDQRQVRORLQWHVHURTXHVWD6FLHQ]DFKH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHWUDWWDGHL6XRQLGHOOH9RFLGHL1XPHULFRPHDOWURYHKRGHWWRPDLQWHVHURDQFRUD
FRQTXHVWDFRQJLXQWROR6WXGLRGHOOHKXPDQHOHWWHUH/DRQGHLO0XVLFRQRQHUDVHSDUDWRGDO3RHWDQH
LO3RHWDGDO0XVLFRª,QVW+DUP,,YL<DWHVUHFXHUGDTXHOD0XVLTXHGH&RVWHO\HVWDED
SUHFHGLGDSRUHVWRVYHUVRV©-DGLV0XVLFLHQVHW3RsWHVHW6DJHV)XUHQWPHVPHVDXWHXUVPDLVODVXLWHGHV
DJHV3DUOHWHPSVTXLWRXWFKDQJHDVHSDUpOHVWUR\Vª<DWHVRSFLWSiJ(QFDUWDGH
/X]]DVFR/X]]DVFKLDODGXTXHVDGH8UELQRSXHGHOHHUVHTXH©6RQR«OD0XVLFDHODSRHVLDWDQWRVLPLOL
HGLQDWXUDFRQJLXQWHFKHEHQSXzGLUVLFK·DPEHQDVFHVVHURDGXQPHGHVLPRSDUWRLQ3DUQDVR«>RQGH@
VRQRSRUWDWHGDOO·DOWUDFRQPDQLHUHWDQWRFRQIRUPLFKHEHQHVSHVVR0XVLFRLO3RHWDHSRHWDLO0XVLFR
FLUDVVHPEUDªDSXG$JX]]L%DUEDJOLDUWFLWSiJ3LHU9HWWRULHQHOSUyORJRDOFRPHQWDULR
GHOD3RpWLFDFRQVLGHUDQHFHVDULRUHFRUGDUTXHHQODDQWLJXD*UHFLDVHFDQWDEDWRGDSRHVtDWDQWROtULFD
FRPRpSLFD\GUDPiWLFD©$GO\UDP«DQWLTXLWXVLOODFDQHEDQWXU«SRHPDWLEXVH[RUQDQGLVPXVLFDLQYHQWD
HVWPDJQDPTXHLQSULPLVFRQLXQFWLRQHPLOODFXPDUWHKDEHEDQWª&RPPVS3DWUL]LYDPiVOHMRV
\DÀUPDTXHHOFDQWRHVHVHQFLDODODQDWXUDOH]DGHODSRHVtD©2UDVHQGRVLODSRHVLDÀQGDOSULPRVXR
QDVFLPHQWRFDQWDWD«SHUFDQWRFUHEEHHSUHVHUHJQRHPHQzVXDYLWDFDQWDQGRVHPSUHHFDQWDQGRD
PRUWHVLFRQGXVVHHQHOFDQWRTXDVLIHQLFHULYLYHQGRSLÀDWHHVVHQGRVLULQQRYHOODWDDOWURQRQVLSXz
GLUHFKHLOFDQWROHVLDVuHVVHQ]LDOHHFRVuQHOODVRVWDQ]DVXDLQQHVWDWRFKHSRHVLDQRQVLDQqHVVHUH
SRVVDTXHOODFKHQRQqFDQWDWDRDWWDQRQqDFDQWDUVLª)UDQFHVFR3DWUL]L'HOOD3RHWLFDHG'DQLOR
$JX]]L%DUEDJOL)LUHQ]H,SiJYLGTXRTXH,SiJ\,,SiJ(OPLWRGHO
QDFLPLHQWRFRQMXQWRGHP~VLFD\SRHVtDUHFRUUHODWUDWDGtVWLFDPXVLFDO\OLWHUDULDGHO5HQDFLPLHQWR
Anterior
Siguiente
Buscar
Imprimir
UAM Ediciones
Inicio Índice
0$5Ì$-26e9(*$
/RVHVIXHU]RVSRUUHFRQVWUXLUODP~VLFDDQWLJXDRDOPHQRVSRUUHFXSHUDUVX
HIHFWRVFRPSRUWDGHKHFKRODFRQVDJUDFLyQGHOSDUDGLJPDGHODP~VLFDYRFDO
HQODWHRUtDPXVLFDOKXPDQLVWDFRPRIRUPDGHSHQVDUSRUH[FHOHQFLDWDQWROD
P~VLFDFRPRODSRHVtD
$Vt SXHV OD GHULYD GH OD P~VLFD GHVGH ODV DUWHV GHO Q~PHUR KDFLD ODV GHO
GLVFXUVR FRQWDED FRQ QRWDELOtVLPRV SUHFHGHQWHV HVWDED UHJXODGD SRU OD LGHD
DQWLFXDULD GH OD QDWXUDOH]D GH OD P~VLFD DQWLJXD \ GH VXV HIHFWRV \ SRU XQD
FRQFHSFLyQ LPLWDWLYD TXH OD DXWRULGDG DULVWRWpOLFD FRQWULEXtD D UHIRU]DU 'H
DKt TXH ODV P~VLFDV UHWyULFDV FRPHQ]DUDQ D PHQXGHDU HQ HO 4XLQLHQWRV ³GH
IRUPD DVLVWHPiWLFD SHUR VLJQLÀFDWLYD³ \ GH DKt TXH OD 0XVLFD 3RHWLFD GH
%XUPHLVWHU SXHGD FRQVLGHUDUVH PiV ELHQ FRPR HO FDVR PiV H[WUHPR \ YLVLEOH
GHXQDWHQGHQFLDTXHHQGLVWLQWRVJUDGRV\GHIRUPDQRVLHPSUHWDQFODUD\WDQ
H[SOtFLWDHVWDEDSUHVHQWHHQODWHRUtDPXVLFDOGHOVLJOR;9,\HQHOSHQVDPLHQWR
KXPDQLVWDVREUHODP~VLFD\VXVÀQHV
Descargar