Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI

Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Executive Summary
The Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI project will build a digital collection of the first books
printed in Mexico before 1601. These monographs are very important because they represent the
first printing in the New World and provide primary sources for scholarly studies focused on
cultural history. Approximately 220 unique titles are held in institutions around the world with
most held in the United States and Mexico.
The goals of the project are to build a digital collection of fifty-eight of these first books held by
the project participants and to demonstrate the technologies, metadata and scanning standards,
and value of the collaboration. Additional institutions and their first books will then be added
over the coming years as the collection receives recognition.
Texas A&M University Libraries and The University of Texas Libraries have agreed to provide a
scanning station and to train staff at Libraries in Mexico. Each project participant will receive a
complete set of all digitized images and their derivatives, have their first books included in every
complete digital collection hosted in the world with branding to indicate their institution, and
have a copy of the highest resolution images stored in a managed preservation network.
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Partnership Agreement for
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
1. Partner Institution:
Printed Name of Partner Institution
2. General Agreement:
Partner agrees with the principles of the Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI project as
indicated on pages 3 through 5 of this document, including the Project Agreement
section.
3. Material Usage:
Since reproductions of sixteenth century materials are in the public domain, the digital
collection and website in which they are contained will be explicitly dedicated to the
public domain with the following notice: “All materials residing in the Impresos
Mexicanos del Siglo XVI or its successors are public domain materials freely available
for any and all uses; permission is not required.”
4. I, the undersigned, agree to the General Agreement and Material Usage statements above:
Signature of Authorizing Partner
Date
Printed Name & Title of Authorizing Partner
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Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Project Description
The Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI project will build a digital collection of the first books
printed in Mexico before 1601. These monographs are very important because they represent the
first printing in the New World and provide primary sources for scholarly studies focused on
cultural history. Approximately 220 unique titles are held in institutions around the world.
While it is a specific goal to acquire at least one example of each unique surviving imprint, it is
important to acquire as many copies as possible since marginalia, typographical variants,
ownership marks, and other copy-specific attributes are often critical for interpretation and other
purposes.
Institutions in the United States and Mexico hold most of these first books. The Cushing Library
at Texas A&M University is digitizing the eighteen first books it holds (Appendix A). Texas
A&M University, Universidad de las Américas Puebla and Biblioteca José María Lafragua at
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla worked together two years ago to scan Biblioteca
Lafragua's four first books (Appendix B). The Benson Latin American Collection at The
University of Texas, Austin has recently digitized sixteen of its total forty-seven first books
(Appendix C). This project will also include the eleven first books held by Biblioteca
Palafoxiana in Puebla (Appendix D), the one first books held by Biblioteca Franciscana in
Cholula (Appendix E), and the eight first books held by Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de
Valdecilla de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Appendix F).
The goals of the project are to build a collection of the 58 (18+4+16+11+1+8) first books
mentioned above and to demonstrate the technologies, metadata and scanning standards, and
value of the collaboration. Additional institutions and their first books will then be added over
the coming years as the collection receives recognition. The University of Texas holds 30
additional first books, Monterrey Tech's Biblioteca Cervantina holds 63, the John Carter Brown
Library holds 63, the Huntington Library holds 52, the British Library holds 49, and the list goes
on and on and changes as more books are purchased or donated from the private sector. It is
very important to be able to demonstrate the value of this digital collection and a working model
of institutional collaboration. This is obviously a very large project overall but one that can be
successfully demonstrated through this pilot project.
Project Participants
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Cushing Library at Texas A&M University
Biblioteca José María Lafragua at Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Universidad de las Américas Puebla
The Benson Latin American Collection at The University of Texas at Austin
Biblioteca Palafoxiana, Puebla
Biblioteca Franciscana, Cholula
Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla at the University Complutense of Madrid
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Project Funding
Scanning Station. Texas A&M University Libraries will purchase a portable, high-quality
scanner, personal computer, external storage, and insurance sufficient to meet the scanning
standards set forth in Appendix G (approximately $30,000). The scanner will be initially located
in Puebla, Mexico for scanning the first books of Biblioteca Palafoxiana and Biblioteca
Franciscana. The scanner will then be available to other Mexican institutions that wish to
digitize their first books for inclusion in the digital collection.
Scanning Technicians. Each institution will provide staff to scan their first books according to
the standards in Appendix G. The University of Texas Libraries or Texas A&M University
Libraries will provide training, if necessary, to the staff of Biblioteca Palafoxiana and Biblioteca
Franciscana. Since this is a collaboration among all participating institutions, other arrangements
could be made – for instance a group of institutions might want to scan their first books at a
central location or one institution might agree to train the staff at another institution.
Hosting of Digital Collection. It is anticipated that the complete collection will be hosted and
archived in several places in the world, including Mexico and Texas. The Texas Digital Library,
a collaboration of universities in Texas that supports the scholarly activity of faculty, will
provide web-based access to one copy of the complete collection and will preserve the collection
in its Preservation Network infrastructure. UDLA, as a founding member of RABiD, will also
provide web-based access to one copy of the complete collection and will preserve the collection
in its entirety. The goal is to provide open access to as much of the material as possible.
Project Agreement
Each institution agrees to:
1. Scan their first books according to the standards specified in Appendix G
2. Produce the derivative images as specified in Appendix G or receive help from another
participant to produce the derivative images
3. Produce the required metadata as specified in Appendix G or receive help from another
participant to produce the required metadata
4. Share all of the above with all of the partners in the collaboration
For each of their first books an institution receives:
1. A complete set of the TIFF images as specified in Appendix G
2. A complete set of all derivative images as specified in Appendix G
3. Inclusion of their display images in each complete collection hosted in the world with
branding to indicate their institution
4. A copy of their TIFF images preserved in the Texas Digital Library Preservation
Network
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Project Timeline
The project is anticipated to take 12 months, beginning on or about September 1, 2009 and
ending on or about August 31, 2010. Major tasks to accomplish include:
1. Agreement by Project participants to the Project Agreement
2. Decisions on alternate derivative and display formats, in particular a JPEG2000
derivative
3. Decisions on appropriate image display and page turning software that is already
available as open source, e.g. XmLibris, NW Books, etc.
4. Purchase, delivery, setup, and test of the Scanning Station
5. Training of the Scanning Technicians at Biblioteca Palafoxiana and Biblioteca
Franciscana
6. Scanning and generation of all original and derivative formats for all 58 first books
7. Implementation, branding and testing of image and page turning software
8. Implementation, branding and testing of Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI website
Project Deliverables
The project will deliver the following on or about August 31, 2010:
1. The Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI website that describes the project in detail and
gives the context to understand the value of the project and institutional collaboration
2. Page turning software that is easy to use and allows for close inspection of the page
images - this software will be the main user interface to the digital collection
3. Fifty-Eight first books in the digital collection with appropriate branding, along with their
descriptive, administrative, and preservation metadata
4. A complete copy of the website and the digital collection archived in the Texas Digital
Library Preservation Network
5. A database that contains information on the location of all known copies of first books this database will be continually consulted and kept up-to-date
6. A plan for the digitization of the next partner’s first books
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Appendix A
First Books held by Cushing Library
Texas A&M University
1.
Alonso de la Vera Cruz, 1507-1584. Speculum Coniugiorum. Mexico: Juan Pablos,
1556.
2.
Alonso de la Vera Cruz, 1507-1584. Speculum Coniugiorum. Mexico: Juan Pablos,
1556.
3.
Alonso de la Vera Cruz, 1507-1584. Phisica, Speculatio. Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1557.
4.
Bartolomé de Ledesma, 1515-1604. Reverendi Patris Fratris Bartholomaei à Ledesma
ordinis Praedicatorum et Sacrae Theologiae Professoris. Mexico: Antonio de
Espinosa, 1566.
5.
Tabula Privilegiorum, quae Sanctissimus Papa Pius Quintus, Concessit Fratribus
Mendicantibus. Mexico: Antonio de Espinosa, 1568.
6.
Benito Fernández, 16th century. Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Mixteca. Mexico:
Pedro Ocharte, 1568.
7.
Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabulario en Lengua Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico:
Antonio de Espinosa, 1571, part 1, bound with the below.
8.
Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabulario en Lengua Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico:
Antonio de Espinosa, 1571, part 2, bound with the above.
9.
Juan Bautista de Lagunas, 16th century. Arte y Dictionario: Con Otras Obras, en
Lengua Michuacana. Mexico: Pedro Balli, 1574.
10. Manuel Alvarez, 1526-1583. De Constructione Octo Partium Orationis. Mexico:
Antonio Ricardo, 1579.
11. Estatutos Generales de Barcelona, para la Familia Cismontana. Mexico: Pedro
Ocharte, 1585.
12. Antonio Rincon, 1555-1601. Arte Mexicana. Mexico: Pedro Balli, 1595.
13. Juan Baptitsta, 1555-1613[?]. Confessionario en Lengua Mexicana y Castellana con
Muchas Advertencias muy Necessarias para los Confessores. Mexico: Melchior
Ocharte, 1599. Copy 1.
14. Juan Baptitsta, 1555-1613[?]. Confessionario en Lengua Mexicana y Castellana con
Muchas Advertencias muy Necessarias para los Confessores. Mexico: Melchior
Ocharte, 1599. Copy 2.
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15. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Copy 1. Part 1.
16. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Copy 1. Part 2.
17. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Copy 2. Part 1.
18. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Copy 2. Part 2.
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Appendix B
First Books held by
Biblioteca Lafragua
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
1. Bartolomé de Ledesma, 1515-1604. Reverendi Patris Fratris Bartholomaei à Ledesma
ordinis Praedicatorum et Sacrae Theologiae Professoris. Mexico: Antonio de Espinosa,
1566.
2. Tabula Privilegiorum, quae Sanctissimus Papa Pius Quintus, Concessit Fratribus
Mendicantibus. Mexico: Antonio de Espinosa, 1568.
3. Bulla. Confirmationis et novae concessionis privilegiorum omnium ordinum
Mendicantium cum certis declarationibus decretis et inhibitionibus. Mexico: Antonio de
Espinosa, 1568.
4. Francisco Bravo, 1525[?]-1595. Opera Medicinalia. Mexico: Pedro Ocharte, 1570.
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Appendix C
First Books held by
The Benson Latin American Collection
The University of Texas at Austin
La Universidad de Texas
1. Zumarraga, Juan de, 1468-1548. Dotrina breue muy p(ro)vechosa delas cosas q(ue)
p(er)tenecen alafe cathólica y a n(uest)ra cristiandad en en estilo llano p(ar a comu(n)
intelige(n)cia. Mexico: Juan Cromberger, 1543/44.
2. Gerson, Jean, 1363-1429. Tripartito del christianissimo y consolatorio...Traduzido de
latín en le(n)gua castellana... Mexico: Juan Cromberger, 1544.
3. Denis, the Carthusian, 1402-1471. Este es vn co(m)pe(n)dio breue tracta (de) ta
manera de como se ha(n) de hazer las p(ro)cessiones... Mexico: Juan Cromberger,
1544.
4. Córdoba, Pedro de, 1482-1521. Doctrina (christ)iana pa(ra) instrución(e)
informació(n) de los indios, por manera de hystoria. Mexico: Juan Cromberger, 1544.
5. Alonso de la Vera Cruz, fray, ca. 1507-1584. Recognitio, svmmularum reverendi patris
Illdephonsi a Vera Crvce, avgvstiniani, artivm ac sacrae theologiae doctoris apud
indorum inclytam mexicum primarij in Academia theologiae moderatoris. Mexico:
Juan Pablos, 1554.
6. Aristotle. Dialectica resolutio cum textu Aristotelis edita per reverendvm patrem
Alphonsvm A Vera Cruz Augustinianum. Artium atque sacrae theologiae magistrum in
Achademia Mexicana in noua Hispania cathedrae primae theologia moderatorem.
Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1554.
7. Molina, Alonso de, d. 1585. Aquí comiença un vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y
Mexicana. Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1555.
8. Constituciones del arcobispado y prouincia de la muy ynsigne y muy leal ciudad de
Tenuxtitla(n). Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1556.
9. Molina, Alonso de, d. 1585. Vocabvlario en lengva Castellana y Mexícana. Mexico:
Antonio Espinosa, l57l.
10. Alonso de la Vera Cruz, fray, ca. 1507-1584. Phisica, specvlatio, aedita per r.p.f.
Alphonsvm a Vera Crvce, Avgustinianae familiae prouintiale[m], arti[or]um, Ex sacre
theologiae doctorem at[que] cathedrae primae in Academia mexicana in noua
Hispania moderatore[m]. Accessit co[m]pendium spherae ca[m]pani ad
complementu[m] tractatus de coelo. Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1557.
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11. Juan de la Anunciación, fray, 1514-1594. Sermonario. En lengva mexicana, donde se
contiene (por el orden del Missal nvevo romano,) dos sermones en todas las dominicas
y festiuidades principales de todo el año: y otro en las fiestas de los sanctos, con sus
vidas, y comunes. Con un cathecismo en lengva mexicana y española, con el
calendario. Compuesto por el reuerendo padre fray Iuan de la Annunciacion, subprior
del monasterio de sant Augustin de Mexico. Dirigido al mvy reverendo padre maestro
fray Alonso de la vera cruz, prouincial de la orden de los hermitanos de sant Augustin,
en esta nueua España. Mexico: Antonio Ricardo, 1577.
12. Molina, Alonso de, d. 1585. Confessionario breue, en lengua mexicana y castellana:
compuesto por el muy reuerendo padre fray Alo[n]so de Molina, de la orden del
seraphico ädre sant Francisco. Mexico: Pedro Balli, 1577.
13. Molina, Alonso de, d. 1585. Confessionario mayor, en la lengna [sic] Mexicana y
Castellana / compuesto por el muy reuerendo padre Fray Alonso de Molina, de la
orden del seraphico sant Francisco. Mexico: Pedro Balli, 1578.
14. Alvarado, Francisco de, d. 1603. Vocabvlario en lengva misteca. Mexico: Pedro Ballí,
1593.
15. Rincón, Antonio, 1555-1601. Arte mexicana; compvesta por el padre Antonio del
Rincon de la compañia de Iesus. Dirigido al illustrissimo y reuerendissimo S. don
Diego Romano Obispo de Tlaxcallan, y el consejo de su Magestad & co. Mexico:
Pedro Balli, 1595.
16. Franciscans. Regla de los frayles menores, con el testamento del bien aventvrado padre
San Francisco, en latin y en romance, y con las declaraciones apostolicas de Nicolao
III. y Clemente. V. pontifices romanos. Mexico: Pedro Balli, 1595.
+ 30 Additional First Books
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Appendix D
First Books held by
Biblioteca Palafoxiana in Puebla
1. Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabvlario en Lengva Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico:
Antonio de Espinosa, 1571. Copy 1. Part 1.
2. Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabvlario en Lengva Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico:
Antonio de Espinosa, 1571. Copy 1. Part 2.
3. Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabvlario en Lengva Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico:
Antonio de Espinosa, 1571. Copy 2. Part 1.
4. Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabvlario en Lengva Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico:
Antonio de Espinosa, 1571. Copy 2. Part 2.
5. Juan de la Anunciación. Doctrina Christiana muy cumplida donde se contiene la
exposición de todo lo necessario para doctrinar a los yndios, y administralles [sic] los
sanctos sacramentos/ compuesta en lengua castellana y mexicana. Mexico: Pedro Balli,
1575.
6. Juan de la Anunciación. Sermonario en lengua mexicana, donde se contiene (por el
orden del Missal romano) dos sermones en todas las dominicas y festividades principales
de todo el año: y otro en las fiestas de los santos… con un catecismo en lengua mexicana
y española con el calendario. Mexico: Antonio Ricardo, 1577.
7. Agustín Farfán. Tractado brebe [sic] de medicina, y de todas las enfermedad.es, hecho
por el padre fray Augustin Farfán Doctor en Medicina, y religioso indigno de la orden de
Sant Augustin, Ahora nuevamente añadido. Mexico: Pedro Ocharte, 1592.
8. Francisco de Alvarado, d. 1603. Vocabulario en lengua misteca, hecha por los padres de
la Orden de los Predicadores, que residen en esta/últimamente recopilado, y acabado
por el padre fray Francisco de Alvarado, vicario de Tamazulapa, de la misma orden.
Mexico: Pedro Ballí, 1593. Copy 1.
9. Francisco de Alvarado, d. 1603. Vocabulario en lengua misteca, hecha por los padres de
la Orden de los Predicadores, que residen en esta/últimamente recopilado, y acabado
por el padre fray Francisco de Alvarado, vicario de Tamazulapa, de la misma orden.
Mexico: Pedro Ballí, 1593. Copy 2.
10. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Part 1.
11. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Part 2.
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Appendix E
First Books held by
Biblioteca Franciscana in Cholula
1. Juan Baptista, 1555-1613[?]. Advertencias. Para los Confessores de los Naturales.
Mexico: Melchior Ocharte, 1600. Part 2.
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Appendix F
First Books held by
Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla
de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
1. Molina, Alonso de, d. 1585. Aqui comiença un vocabulario en la lengua castellana y
mexicana. Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1555.
2. Cervantes de Salazar, Francisco .Tumulo Imperial de la gran ciudad de México. Antonio de.
Espinosa, 1560
3. Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana. México: Antonio
de Espinosa, 1571. Part 1.
4. Alonso de Molina, d. 1585. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana. México: Antonio
de Espinosa, 1571. Part 2.
5. Roldan, Bartolomé . Cartilla y doctrina christiana, breve y compendiosa, para enseñar los
niños y ciertas preguntas tocantes a la doctrina, por manera de dialogo. México: Pedro
Ocharte, 1580.
6. Farfan, Agustin. Tractado brebe de medicina, y de todas las enfermedades. México: Pedro
Ocharte, 1592.
7. Juan Baptitsta, 1555-1613[?]. Aduertencias para los confessores de los naturales. México:
Melchor Ocharte, 1600. Part 1.
8. Juan Baptitsta, 1555-1613[?]. Aduertencias para los confessores de los naturales. México:
Melchor Ocharte, 1600. Part 2.
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Appendix G
Technical and Metadata Standards
Note: This appendix will be modified by the pilot project participants.
Note: This appendix borrows heavily from appendix 2 of the original NEH grant application that
was put together by Adan Benevides and the Benson and PCL staff at the University of Texas at
Austin. These standards have been used in scanning the first books at Biblioteca Lafragua,
Texas A&M University and The University of Texas.
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A. Digitization
1. General
Each partner institution is free to capture its images using any kind of imaging device,
whether it is an overhead scanner, a digital camera, or a flatbed scanner, so long as the
images captured completely meet the specifications below.
2. Types of images to be produced
The digitization workflow will produce four sets of digital images - Archival Master
TIFFs, Publication JPEG 2000s, Split JPEG 2000s, and Delivery Derivatives JPEG.
2.1 Archival Master TIFF
This file is a digital image that contains the original object scanned with a Kodak Color
Separation Guide (Q-13) which also includes a ruler1. If the ruler on the Kodak Color
Separation Guide is not legible, a high contrast, 2 inch / 5 cm vinyl black and white photo
documentation ruler should be used2. The item should be imaged at a resolution of 400
pixels per inch (ppi). If the item's size exceeds the maximum resolution of the imaging
array, then a resolution should be chosen to most closely approximate the 400 ppi
resolution. The items should be scanned in 24 bit color where possible. The image may
contain one or two pages as long as the image meets the specifications outlined in this
document. Archival masters containing two pages in one image will require split
publication masters (please reference section 2.2 for relevant information.
TIFF “unprocessed” 400 ppi
Kodak Color Separation Guide (Q-13)
2” / 5cm Vinyl Photo Documentation Ruler
1
2
Available at http://www.bhphotovideo.com/ . For the specific item, see: http://tinyurl.com/5p88t
Available at Arrowhead Forensics. For specific item see: http://tinyurl.com/y9rjyv9
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Initial imaging should be done on a non-reflective black background. If scanning with an
overhead scanner, it is recommended not to use the table as a background, but to put a
black sheet of paper or other true black material beneath the scanned object. The
University of Texas Libraries will supply details on possible sources for the black
material. It is advisable to replace this background on a regular schedule in order to avoid
any dirt or dust which might accumulate. The color guide (see above) should be placed on
the lower left of the object, no less than 0.25" from the binding's edge (see an illustrative
example of the exact location on page 20). If used, the 2” / 5 cm ruler can be placed either
1) adjacent and to the side of the Kodak Separation Guide or 2) adjacent and along the top
edge of the Kodak Separation Guide.
The Archival Master TIFF should be as unprocessed as possible. Acceptable
enhancements include contrast stretching, minimal adjustments for color and tone and
descreening/rescreening of halftone items. The Archival Master TIFF will be the digital
object which should be considered the Master for preservation purposes. Quality Control
should be performed at this stage to ensure accurate reproduction of the original. Archival
Master TIFFs will be copied in order to create the Publication JPEG 2000s.
2.2 Publication JPEG 2000
This file is a lossless JPEG2000 created from the Archival TIFF described in the previous
section.. It retains the original scan's resolution, but is a lossless compression that is
manipulated to such an extent that it would represent the original in the best possible way.
The Publication JPEG 2000 is manipulated to such an extent that it would represent the
original in the best possible way. In some cases this will involve modifications in the
image's color, contrast, saturation and hues; it will be cropped (to 0.25" from the edge of
the binding on all sides) and de-skewed. The color target will be used as a tool in the color
correction process, and then will be cut off the image.
JPEG 2000 “processed” 400 ppi
2.3 Split JPEG 2000
The Split JPEG 2000s or Page Images will be single-page images which will be created
from the Publication JPEG 2000s, still maintaining the resolution of the original scan and
be lossless. Where possible the splitting process should be automated. Doing this process
by hand is possible but is time consuming. The page images will be cropped to represent
the text block. The split images may need to be processed with a geometrical correction
algorithm such as the curvature correction process in BookRestorer.
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JPEG 2000 “processed” 400 ppi
2.4 Delivery Derivatives
JPEG and PDF derivatives of the Split JPEG 2000 will be produced for use in web
interfaces or other delivery applications.
High Resolution JPEGs - 100 ppi; JPEG compression level 8.
Thumbnail JPEGs - 150 pixels on the longest dimension; JPEG 2000 compression
High Resolution PDF - 100 ppi; JPEG compression inserted into a PDF document.
And/Or
JPEG 2000 “processed” 100 ppi
Thumbnails JPEG 150 pixel on longest side
3. Handling
When scanning books which do not have a 'flat' l80° opening, one will encounter the
phenomena of 'floating' sheets; this creates curvatures, and irregularities of the text and the
digital image. In order to eliminate or to minimize this situation, the scanning technician
should use one or two gloved fingers to slightly press the sheet during the scanning
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process, so that it will stay flat and allow a good quality digital product. The finger, or
fingers, should be put at the bottom of the page, at the right and/or left corners; the
distance between the finger and the edge of the page should be one inch (1") in large
books, and half inch on small or 'medium' books. White gloves, cotton or nylon, are to be
used in order to retain visual consistency for the project. The use of fingers will not always
be necessary or even possible - especially in cases where there are no margins in the book.
Fingers should be used only when the sheet is not lying 'peacefully' while scanning; there
is no need to press down the sheet when it's a little bit curved - it won't always make the
text illegible, and it gives the feel and look of a 'real' book. Decision in this matter is
subjective and might be influenced by the scanning conditions.
4. Imaging
For this project it has been decided to scan double-page images, meaning, each digital
image consists of two pages facing each other. The Archival TIFF and the Publication
JPEG 2000s will retain this structure. Derivatives may be either "double-paged" or single
pages, after splitting. All pages should be scanned, including end-papers and blank pages.
Covers, binding boards, end-papers, and Ex-Libris should all be scanned as an integral
part of the item. Front and back boards can be scanned as any other page of the book;
spines would have to be imaged with a camera, or even with an over-head scanner if the
book is really small and can be placed appropriately (spine facing the camera and book is
held between two "bricks") on the table. The same technical standards mentioned above
should be applied to these parts of the book (400 ppi, 24 bit color).
5. Assigning File Names
All partners should use the same naming scheme for this project. The file naming scheme
should be descriptive and simple. This scheme is composed of five (5) elements, including
the file extension, that indicate the project, the institution and book.
The first element of the naming scheme is “pl” for “primeros libros”. The second element
is a four (4) digit code created by the institution for itself, for instance “tamu” for Texas
A&M. The third element is the ID number assigned by the library to the title as part of
this project, and distinct from any acquisition or collection numbers already assigned to
the title. The number should always include 3 characters, so insert leading zero(es) if
needed. The fourth element is a five (5) digit number, using leading zeros as needed. The
final element is the file extension. All segments of a file name, except the file extension,
are separated by underscores (not dashes). Only lower-case characters should be used, as
some operating systems such as UNIX are case-sensitive. No punctuation characters
should be used because some characters such as \ /: *? " < > | are reserved by the operating
system's shell. No spaces are allowed, as some Web browsers will 'throw away' anything
after a space. Example file name: pl_tamu_17_00005.tif.
It is crucial to image all of the book as one whole object, both for the sake of possible
future facsimile production, and for the appropriate full representation of the original to
the end user. It should be clear that the existence of each and every page must be
documented both in the structural metadata list and the item's work sheet. Covers, binding
boards, end-papers, and Ex-Libris should all be documented as an integral part of the book
as well as any blank pages.
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6. Quality Control/ Quality Assurance
Quality Control/ Quality Assurance of the Archival Master TIFFs - will be performed by
the partner institutions. This step involves meticulous inspection of the digital image,
starting with 200% magnification and going down to 100%. The digital image should
accurately represent the analog object. The goal is that the archival master will not contain
any corrupted data such as moiré or stuck pixels.
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
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This example shows the object with a color bar on its lower left. The ruler must be captured as
well.
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Digitization Workflow for the Primeros libros
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
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B. Guidelines for Capturing Technical Metadata
Guidelines for Technical Metadata Using the NISO Metadata for Images in XML Schema (MIX) and the corresponding NISO 239.87
Data Dictionary (http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39_87_trial_use.pdf).
*Value lists can be found in the Data Dictionary PDF.
Element Name
MIMEType
ColorSpace [photointerp]
ImageIdentifier
FileSize
Orientation
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Definitions
designation of the
Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions (MIME)
type associated with
the image data
designates the color
space of the
decompressed image
data
a unique identifier
extent of image in
number of bytes
designates the
orientation of the
image, with respect to
Notes
Use file naming
recommendations in
Section 5 of the
Technical
Specifications
The file size must
record the number of
bytes as provided by
the system. Do not
attempt
to record file sizes in
terms of KB, MB, or
other notation.
This field is to be
used to record only
the orientation of the
14 July 2010
Required
Repeat Value
List*
Recommended N
Y
Mandatory
N
Y
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Recommended N
Y
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Element Name
DisplayOrientation
SourceType
lmageProducer
HostComputer
OperatinqSystem
OSVersion
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Definitions
the placement of its
rows
(lmageWidth) and
columns
(lmageLength), as it
was saved to disk
Notes
Required
image, not the
orientation of
the source to the
device (e.g., camera)
used to capture the
image.
This value is
important to record
when the preferred
orientation of the
image sent to a 3:2
aspect ratio
computer monitor is
different from
Orientation.
Optional
designates the
orientation in which the
image should be
presented to a
conventional
monitor with a 3:2
aspect ratio
specifies the medium of
the analog source
material scanned to
create a digital still
image
identifies the
organization-level
producer(s) of the
image
computer in use at the
time of image creation
operating system in use
at the time of image
creation
version of the operating
system in use at the
Identifies the
organization-level
producer of the
“file/bitstream, " i.e.,
the scanned image,
transcribed text,
audio file, etc.
14 July 2010
Repeat Value
List*
N
Y
Recommended N
N
Mandatory
Y
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Recommended N
N
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Element Name
DeviceSource
ScannerManufacturer
ScannerModelName
ScannerModelNumber
ScannerModelSerialNumber
ScanningSoftware
ScanninqSoftwareVersionNo
DiqitalCameraManufacturer
DigCameraModel
Fnumber
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Definitions
time of image creation
classification of device
used to create the
image data
the manufacturer of
the scanner used to
create the image
the model name of the
scanner used to create
the image
the model number of
the scanner used to
create the image
the serial number of the
scanner used to create
the image
the name of the capture
software used to create
the image
the version number of
the capture software
used to create the
image
the manufacturer of the
digital camera used to
create the image
the model of the digital
camera used to create
the image
specifies the lens fnumber (ratio of lens
aperture to focal length)
used when the image
was captured
Notes
14 July 2010
Required
Repeat Value
List*
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Optional
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory if
Applicable
N
N
Mandatory if
Applicable
N
N
Recommended
If Applicable
N
N
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Element Name
ExposureTime
Brightness
ExposureBias
SubjectDistance
MeteringMode
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Definitions
specifies the exposure
time used when the
image was captured,
recorded in seconds
specifies the brightness
values measured when
the image was
captured, using APEX
values
specifies the actual
exposure bias (the
amount of under or
over-exposure relative
to a normal exposure,
as determined by the
camera's exposure
system) used when
capturing
the image, using APEX
units
specifies the distance,
in meters, between the
frontal plane of the
camera lens and the
subject on which the
camera was focused
specifies the metering
mode (the camera's
method of spatially
weighting the scene
luminance values to
determine the sensor
exposure) used when
capturing the image
Notes
14 July 2010
Required
Repeat Value
List*
Recommended
if Applicable
N
N
Recommended
if Applicable
N
N
Optional if
Applicable
N
N
Recommended
if Applicable
N
N
Optional if
Applicable
Y
N
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Element Name
Scenellluminate
FocalLenqth
Flash
BackLight
ExposureIndex
DateTimeCreated
SamplingFrequencyPlane
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Definitions
Notes
specifies the light
source that was present
when the image was
captured
specifies the lens focal
length in meters used
to capture the image
specifies whether a
flash was used in image
capture
specifies the lighting
conditions at the time of
exposure
specifies the exposure
index setting used
Date or DateTime
image was created
This element is
meant to remove the
ambiguity with
respect to
XsamplingFrequency
and
YsamplingFrequency
for the scanning of
film intermediates. It
can be used to
deduce
the reference plane
Source_Xdimension
location for which
or SourceXsamplingFrequency
Ydimension in
and
conjunction with
YsamplingFrequency
lmageWidth or
are designated
Imagelength.
14 July 2010
Required
Repeat Value
List*
Recommended
if Applicable
N
Y
Recommended
if Applicable
N
N
Recommended
if Applicable
N
Y
Recommended
if Applicable
N
Optional if
Applicable
N
Y
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
Y
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Element Name
SamplingFrequencyUnit
XSamplinqFrequency
YSamplingFrequency
lmageWidth
ImageLength
Source_Xdimension
Source_XdimensionUnit
Source_Ydimension
Source_YdimensionUnit
BitsPerSample
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Definitions
Notes
the unit of
measurement for
XsamplingFrequency
and
YSamplingFrequency
specifies the number of
pixels per
SamplingFrequencyUnit
in the image width
specifies the number of
pixels per
SamplingFrequencyUnit
in the image length
specifies the width of
the digital image, i.e.
horizontal or X
dimension. in pixels
specifies the length of
the digital image, i.e.
vertical or Y dimension,
in pixels
specifies the width of
the scanned object
specifies the unit of
measure used in
Source_Xdimension
specifies the height
(i.e., vertical dimension)
of the scanned object
specifies the unit of
measure used in
Source_Ydimension
the number of bits per
component for each
14 July 2010
Required
Repeat Value
List*
Mandatory
N
Y
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
N
Mandatory
N
Y
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Element Name
Definitions
pixel
Notes
Required
Repeat Value
List*
DateTimeProcessed
Optional
N
Processing Agency
Optional
N
ProcessingSoftware
Optional
N
ProcessingActions
Optional
N
iresolution
monitorcal_software
Monitorsettings
scancal_standard
scancal_target
Impresos Mexicanos del Siglo XVI
Resolution at which the
images were created
indicates the software
used to calibrate the
monitors
Monitor settings
determined according
to the specific project
indicates standard used
for scan calibration
Targets used to
calibrate the scanner to
maintain consistency of
output as described in
standards
14 July 2010
Mandatory
Optional
N
N
N
Optional
Optional
N
Optional
N
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