Simuladores médicos, una elección racional y ética del manejo de cadáveres Medical Simulators, a Rational and Ethical Means for Handling Corpses José Carlos Vázquez Parra En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VII, núm. 13, enero-junio, 2013, pp. 89-101. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México Distrito Federal, México En-claves del Pensamiento, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1870-879X [email protected] [email protected] Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México México SIMULADORES MÉDICOS, UNA ELECCIÓN RACIONAL Y ÉTICA DEL MANEJO DE CADÁVERES JOSÉ CARLOS VÁZQUEZ PARRA* !"#$%"$&'(&"$)'*+,+-.'"$+-/,+$ 0-$("1'2$#$0-$'3-2,"-/+ $40+$+-/,+$0-$5'52$#$0-$.")65+,7 89.,"/+( Resumen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alabras clave: A#@>:./!"?3*2<#@%/!".<.AA3B(!"J=3A#!"@3F(3@#@+ * " M%A=%/#(=.".("H?=2@3%?"N2*#(I?=3A%?"A%("H?6.A3#<3@#@".("O=3A#!"P.A(%<BF3A%"@."Q%(=.//.D!" R#*62?"Q%(=.//.D!"QJS3A%!"T1:#;K2.;4UE/?VF*#3<+A%*W+ 78 EnClaves13.indb 89 EN­CLAVES del pensamiento!"#$%"&''!"()*+",-!".(./%012(3%"45,-!"66+"780,5,+ 13/06/13 11:55 85" X%?J"R#/<%?"&>;K2.;"Y#//#" Abstract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corpse handling and care. :+#$;2,)(<"A%/6?.!"?3*2<#=3%(!".<.A=3%(!".=E3A?!"@3F(3=D+ R%(9%/*."#:#(;#".<"=3.*6%!"*>?"?."6/%92(@3;#".("AB*%"?."A%(9%/*#!"AB*%" =/#C#1#" D" AB*%" .:%<2A3%(#" .<" A2./6%" E2*#(%!" ?3(" .*C#/F%!" .(" <2F#/" @." ?./" .S#<=#@%"6%/"?2"*#/#:3<<%?#"<#C%/"D".?=/2A=2/#!"?."<."A%(:3./=.".("2("%C1.=%"K2." puede ser sometido a voluntad del individuo. El incremento acelerado de ope­ /#A3%(.?".?=J=3A#?!"<#".S#<=#A3B("@."<#"A2<=2/#"@.<"A2./6%!".<"/.AE#;%"#"/#?F%?" D"A#/#A=./I?=3A#?"A%/6%/#<.?!".(=/."%=/#?"6/>A=3A#?!"?%("2("A<#/%".1.*6<%"@."<%" #(=./3%/*.(=."*.(A3%(#@%"E#A3.(@%"K2."(%?"A2.?=3%(.*%?"?%C/."<#"(%A3B("@.<" cuerpo en la sociedad moderna. La concepción del cuerpo L#"(%A3B("@."A2./6%"E#"A#*C3#@%"=#(=%"A%*%".<"*#(.1%"K2."?."<."@#"#"J?=.+"M.(=/%" @."<#".=3*%<%FI#"F/3.F#!".<"A2./6%"E2*#(%"./#"@3:3@3@%".("@%?"=J/*3(%?!"sars que @.(%=#"]A#/(.^"D"]soma^"K2.".?"]A2./6%^!"62@3.(@%"#6/.A3#/"@.".?=#"*#(./#"<#?" :./=3.(=.?"C>?3A#?"K2."<%?"F/3.F%?"(#=2/#<*.(=.".(A%(=/#C#(".("<#"(%A3B("@."A2./6%+" Y<#=B("A%(A.CI#"#<"A2./6%"A%*%"<#"A>/A.<"@.<"#<*#!"#<F%"#(3*#<"."3(?=3(=3:%"K2." (%"(%?"6./*3=I#"#<A#(;#/"<#":./@#@+"Y#/#"Z/3?=B=.<.?".<"A2./6%"./#"2("A%(?=3=2=3:%" @.<"E%*C/.!"D#"K2.".?".<"*.@3%"6%/".<"A2#<"<#"/#;B("?."/.<#A3%(#"A%(".<"*2(@%" ?.(?3C<.+" Y%/" %=/%" <#@%!" <#?" A%//3.(=.?" =.%<BF3A#?" =.(@/I#(" @%?" 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A#@>:./"?./I#"].",-+$)")"$"$%2($30("-2(^+ H(".<".?6#$%<".<"A%(A.6=%"A#@>:./".?=>".(9#=3;#@%"?%C/.".<"A2./6%"@."2(#" 6./?%(#!"(%"%C?=#(=.!"".("%=/%?"3@3%*#?"?2.<."2=3<3;#/?."6#/#"?.$#<#/"A2#<K23./" A2./6%" *2./=%!" ?.#" @." 2(" #(3*#<" %" 2(" E2*#(%" 3(@3?=3(=#*.(=.+" H?" 6%/" .?=#" 6/.?2(A3B("@."E%*C/.!"K2."?./>"A#@>:./".<"=J/*3(%"K2."?./>"2?#@%"@2/#(=." .?=.".?A/3=%"D".("F/#("6#/=."@."<%?"=.S=%?"A3=#@%?+ El cadáver y su noción en México Y#/#"<#"L.D"c.(./#<"@."_#<2@!4"A#@>:./".?".<"A2./6%"E2*#(%".(".<"K2."?."E#D#" A%*6/%C#@%"<#"6J/@3@#"@."<#":3@#!".?"@.A3/!"K2."6/.?.(=."*2./=.".(A.9><3A#"%" 6#/%"A#/@3#A%"3//.:./?3C<.+"H?=%"@#"<2F#/"#"K2."?."@.1."@."?./"?21.=%"#A=3:%"D" 6#?3:%"@."A2#<K23./"@./.AE%"2"%C<3F#A3B(!"/.A#D.(@%"J?=%?".("?2?"E./.@./%?!" 9#*3<3#/.?"%"C3.(.?+ "_3(".*C#/F%!"#2("6./@3.(@%"@3AE#"6%=.?=#@"<.F#<!"<#"<.D"aLGSb"C/3(@#"#<"A#­ @>:./"<#"9#A2<=#@"@."(%"?./"A%(?3@./#@%"%C1.=%"@."6/%63.@#@"D"%C<3F#"#"K2."?." <."=/#=."A%("/.?6.=%!"@3F(3@#@"D"A%(?3@./#A3B("a#/=+"-Udb+"Q>?".?=%".?"2("6%A%" A%(=/#@3A=%/3%"A%("6%?=./3%/.?"#?.:./#A3%(.?"K2."<#"*3?*#"<.F3?<#A3B("E#A.!"D#" K2."#2(K2.".<"A#@>:./"(%"@.C3.?."?./"6/%63.@#@"@."(#@3.!".<"/.F<#*.(=%"@." @3AE#"<.D".("*#=./3#"@."A%(=/%<"?#(3=#/3%"@."<#"@3?6%?3A3B("@."B/F#(%?!"=.13@%?" , RAE. Diccionario de la Real Academia Española!" 455,W!" .(" TE==6`ee[[[+/#.+.?e/#.+E=*<W+" fR%(?2<=#`",g"@."*#/;%!"45,,+h 4 " _.A/.=#/I#"@."_#<2@!"=+#$>+-+,"%$)+$8"%0)$?@A$)+$"1,'%$)+$@BCBD!".("TE==6`ee[[[+@362=#@%?+ F%C+*SeL.D.?i3C<3%e6@9e,U4+6@9W+"fR%(?2<=#`",-"@."#C/3<!"45,,+h EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 91 13/06/13 11:55 84" X%?J"R#/<%?"&>;K2.;"Y#//#" D"A#@>:./.?-"%=%/F#"<#"@3?6%?3A3B("K2."?."E3A3./#"@.<"*3?*%"#"?2?"9#*3<3#/.?!" .("A#?%"@."?./"2("A#@>:./"@."6./?%(#"A%(%A3@#"%"C3.(!"#<"Q3(3?=./3%"Y)C<3A%"%" .?=#C<.A3*3.(=%?"@."?./:3A3%"@."#=.(A3B("*J@3A#!"?3".?"2("A#@>:./"@."6./?%(#" @.?A%(%A3@#"a#/=+"d5!"d,"@.<"/.F<#*.(=%"D"-Uj"@."<#"<.Db+ Z"6#/=3/"@.<"#(=./3%/"62(=%!"C/%=#("*2AE%?"A2.?=3%(#*3.(=%?"?%C/."<#"@3?6%­ ?3A3B(!"*#(.1%!".S6./3*.(=#A3B("%"2?%"F.(./#<"K2."?."E#A."@."<%?"A#@>:./.?!" 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EnClaves13.indb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sino un .")6(.'+-$aA#/(."@#@#"#<"A%(%A3*3.(=%b+ Los simuladores médicos, una controversia del uso de cadásciens Z"6#/=3/"@."<#"@JA#@#"@."<%?"%AE.(=#?"<#":3?3B("@.<"A2./6%"E2*#(%"E#"F.(./#@%" 2(#"@3:./?3@#@"@."A%(=/%:./?3#?!"*3?*#?"K2.":./?#(".(".<"2?%"K2."?."E#A."@.<" *3?*%!"#?I"A%*%".("<#"G(#<3@#@"K2."?."<."@#"@.?62J?"@."<#"*2./=.+"Y%/".<<%!" <%?"#:#(A.?"=.A(%<BF3A%?"@.<">/.#"@."<#"*.@3A3(#"E#("C2?A#@%"@3:./?3GA#/"?2" >/.#"@."<#C%/!"(%"?3.(@%")(3A#*.(=."6#/#"<#"#6<3A#A3B(".(".<"A2./6%!"?3(%"6#/#" simular el cuerpo mismo. R%("C#?.".("<%"#(=./3%/!"<#"=.A(%<%FI#"*J@3A#"E#"3(@#F#@%".<"E#A./"/.6/.?.(­ =#A3%(.?"@."<#?"92(A3%(.?"C>?3A#?"@.<"A2./6%!"F.(./#(@%"*%@.<%?"K2."6./*3=#(" #<A#(;#/".<"A%(%A3*3.(=%"@.<"*3?*%"?3("<#?"3*6<3A#A3%(.?"K2."?2/F.("@.<"2?%" del .")6(.'+-(+"L%?"?3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?"C2?A#("?./"2("*.@3%!"2(#"#<2?3B("@." <#"/.#<3@#@!"6%/"<%"K2."62.@.("?./"A<#?3GA#@%?".("#K2.<<%?"(%":3/=2#<.?"a*#(3­ K2I?!"B/F#(%?"@."*#=./3#<.?"@2/%?!"*2$.A%?"@%(@."?."@J"2(#"?.(?3C3<3;#A3B(" #<"2?%"@."3(?=/2*.(=%?"K23/)/F3A%?!".=A+b"D"<%?"@."/.#<3@#@":3/=2#<"a#K2.<<%?"K2." por medio de un (2*/;",+"/.6/.?.(=#("2("#*C3.(=."A%(=/%<#@%"D"/.#<3?=#"@.<" 6/%A.@3*3.(=%"*J@3A%b+" _3(".*C#/F%!".("<#"#A=2#<3@#@!"<#"A3.(A3#"D"<#"=.A(%<%FI#"*J@3A#"E#("<%F/#@%" F.(./#/"?3*2<#@%/.?"=#("#:#(;#@%?"K2."@.1#("@."?./"2(#"3*3=#A3B("@."<%"/.#<!" A%(:3/=3J(@%?.".("<%"/.#<".("?I"*3?*%!"D#"K2."?%("=#("6./9.A=#*.(=."@.?A/36­ =3:%?!"?.(?3C<.?"D"6/.A3?%?!"K2."?."A%(:3./=.(".("2(#"%6A3B(".K23:#<.(=."6#/#" .<" .?=2@3%" @." 6/%A.@3*3.(=%?" *J@3A%?!" <%F/>(@%?." #@K23/3/" <#?" E#C3<3@#@.?" D" @.?=/.;#?"(.A.?#/3#?"?3(".S6%(./"#"2("6#A3.(=."#"<%?"/3.?F%?"@."2("3(@3:3@2%" 6%A%".S6./3*.(=#@%+ Y%/"=%@%".?=%!".<"2?%"@.".")6(.'+-("6#/#".9.A=%?"@."3(:.?=3F#A3B("D"@%A.(­ A3#"A#@#":.;"?.":2.<:."#<F%"*>?"A%(=/%:./?3#<!"D#"K2.".(=/."*#D%/.?"?.#("<#?" EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 93 13/06/13 11:55 8U" X%?J"R#/<%?"&>;K2.;"Y#//#" %6A3%(.?" A%(G#C<.?" @." #A=2#A3B(!" *.(%/.?" @.C3.?.(" ?./" <#?" @.A3?3%(.?" @." A%(=3(2#/"A%("@3AE#"6/>A=3A#+" La elección racional del uso de simuladores médicos para efectos de investigación y docencia Se entiende por +%+..'9-$,".'2-"%"#"2(#"/.?%<2A3B("F23#@#"6%/".<"/.?2<=#@%")<­ =3*%"@."2(#"#AA3B("K2.".?".:#<2#@#"D".<.F3@#"(%"6%/"?I"*3?*#!"?3(%"A%*%"2(" *.@3%"*>?"%"*.(%?".GA3.(=."6#/#"2("G(+j La elección racional contempla tres #/F2*.(=%?"C>?3A%?`7 #+"P%@#".<.AA3B("/#A3%(#<"?."=%*#"A%("#//.F<%"#"2("G(+" C+"_."@.C."<%F/#/"2(#".?A#<#"@."6/.9./.(A3#?"A%(9%/*."#"<#"A2#<"?."A%(?3@./." <#"*%=3:#A3B("@.<"K2././"%"(%"/.#<3;#/".<"#A=%+" A+"_."@.C.".?=#/"A%(?A3.(=."@."<#?"%6%/=2(3@#@.?!"/.?=/3AA3%(.?!"A/..(A3#?"%" normas que inciden en la toma de decisiones. m3<%?BGA#*.(=." .?=." *%@.<%" A%(?=3=2D." 2(#" C)?K2.@#" @." <#" /#A3%(#<3@#@" .("<#"#AA3B("D".(".<"123A3%!"2(#"C)?K2.@#"6%?3=3:#"@."A%*6%/=#*3.(=%?"K2."E#D" K2.".?6./#/"@."3(@3:3@2%?"@."<%?"K2."(%"?."=3.(."(3(F2(#"/#;B(".?6.A3#<"6#/#" creer que son irracionales. _."62.@."@.A3/"K2.".?=#"A<#?."@.".<.AA3B("?."3(?A/3C.".("<#"=/#@3A3B(" #/3?=%=J<3A#"@."<#"/.9<.S3B("93<%?B93A#"?%C/."<#"6/2@.(A3#"D"<#"/#A3%(#<3@#@".(" <#"#AA3B(!"D#"K2.".<"?./"E2*#(%"?3.(=."2("92./=."@.?.%"@."=.(./"/#;%(.?" 6#/#" <%" K2." E#A." D" <." /.?2<=#" *2D" @2/%" #A.6=#/" <#" 3(A./=3@2*C/." @." ?2?" actuaciones. 8 Jon Elster considera que para poder determinar que una acción sea real­ *.(=."/#A3%(#<!".?"(.A.?#/3%"K2."J?=#"?.#".<"/.?2<=#@%"G(#<"@."=/.?"@.A3?3%(.?" óptimas:,5 #+"M.C."?./".<"*.1%/"*.@3%"6#/#"/.#<3;#/"<%"6<#(=.#@%"@#@#?"<#?"A/..(A3#?" de un individuo. C+"M3AE#?"A/..(A3#?".("?I"*3?*#?"@.C.("?./"B6=3*#?"@#@#"<#"3(9%/*#A3B("K2." sirve de sustento de que dispone la persona. j " X+"H<?=./!"J0+,."($#$/2,-'%%2(7"i#/A.<%(#!"c.@3?#!",878+ " X+"H<?=./!"821,+$%"($F"('2-+(7$K&2.'9-G$")'..'9-$#$.2-)0./"$L0&"-"7"i#/A.<%(#!"Y#3@B?!"455,+ 8 " X+"H<?=./!"J0+,."($#$/2,-'%%2(7 ,5 M1')7G$6+"-8+ 7 EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 94 13/06/13 11:55 _3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?!"2(#".<.AA3B("/#A3%(#<" 8g A+"m3(#<*.(=."<#"6./?%(#"@.C."/.2(3/"2(#"A#(=3@#@"B6=3*#"@.".?=#"3(9%/*#A3B(!" ?3.(@%"J?=#"(3"@.*#?3#@#"(3"*2D"6%A#+ H?=%?"62(=%?"C2?A#("@#/"A<#/3@#@"#"<#".<.AA3B(!"62.?=%"K2.".(=/."*#D%/"?.#" <#"3(9%/*#A3B("A%("<#"K2."?."A2.(=#!"*#D%/.?"%6A3%(.?"?."=3.(.("6#/#"<#"=%*#" @."@.A3?3%(.?!"A%(?3@./#(@%"K2.".?"3*6%?3C<."=.(./"=%@#"<#"3(9%/*#A3B("K2." (%?"6./*3=#"#<A#(;#/"2(#"/#A3%(#<3@#@"%C1.=3:#+" Las creencias en torno al cadáver La muerte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k(#":.;"K2."<#"/.<3F3B("A%*.(;B"#"G<=/#/?.".("<#"A2<=2/#"E2*#(#!"<#?"A/..(­ A3#?" .(" =%/(%" @.<" A#@>:./" ?." 92./%(" *.;A<#(@%" A%(" <#?" 3@.#?" *3?*#?" @." <#" *2./=."D!"6%/".(@.!"<#"A%(?./:#A3B(!"92.":%<:3J(@%?.".<"62(=%"A.(=/#<" @." <%?" /3=%?"92(./#/3%?"K2."6/.=.(@I#("6/%=.F./"#<"A#@>:./"A%*%"*2.?=/#"@.<"6%@./"D" <2F#/"6/3:3<.F3#@%"K2."=.(I#"@2/#(=."?2":3@#+"H(=/."*#D%/"6%?3A3B("?%A3#<!"*.1%/" ?./I#".<"=/#=%"#"?2"A#@>:./+ Y#/#"<%?"12@I%?".<"A#@>:./"/.K2./I#"?./"<#:#@%"D"#/%*#=3;#@%!"6#/#"<%?"F/3.F%?!" <#"A%(?./:#A3B("./#")(3A#*.(=."6#/#"@3?6%(./"*>?"=3.*6%"6#/#"<%?"E%(%/.?" 9)(.C/.?"D"<%?"/%*#(%?"3(A<2?%"#//.F<#C#("#<"A#@>:./!"<%"6./92*#C#("D"<%"<<.­ :#C#("6%/"<%?"A#*3(%?"6#/#"K2."=%@%?"?2?"#*3F%?"62@3./#(":./<%"D"@.?6.@3/?.+ _./I#("<%?".F36A3%?"K23.(.?"C#?#@%?".(".<"*3=%"@.<"@3%?"n?3/3?"3(A<23/I#(" <#"3@.#"@."<#"/.?2//.AA3B("@."<%?"*2./=%?"D"A%(".<<%!"<#"3*6%/=#(A3#"@.<"=/#=%" #<" A#@>:./" A#*C3#/I#" 6<.(#*.(=.!" D#" K2." #<" :%<:./" #" 2(3/?." .<" #<*#" A%(" .<" A2./6%!"J?=."@.CI#"?./"A%(?./:#@%"D"A23@#@%"A%("<%?"E%(%/.?"D"@3F(3@#@"K2." merecía la persona. EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 95 13/06/13 11:55 8d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aR#(%(",,7Ub"6%/"A%(?3@./#/"K2."3(@.6.(@3.(=.­ *.(=."@.<"A#@>:./!"<%"3*6%/=#(=.".?"<#"9.+ H("QJS3A%!"<#"*2./=."E#"@#@%"<2F#/"#"2(#"*.;A<#".(=/."<#?"=/#@3A3%(.?"A/3?­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inframundo. H(".<"MI#"@."Q2./=%?"?."A/.."K2.".<".?6I/3=2"@.<"@392(=%":2.<:."#"<#"P3.//#!"6%/" <%"K2."?."<."6/.6#/#"2(#"A.(#"D"?."<.".?6./#"9.<3;*.(=.".("A#?#+"L#?"9#*3<3#?" :#("#"<%?"A.*.(=./3%?"D".(F#<#(#("<#"=2*C#"@%(@."?.".(A2.(=/#".<"A#@>:./!" /.;#("6%/"?2"#<*#!"E#C<#("A%("J<"D!".("*2AE%?"A#?%?!"6#/.A."?./"K2."<#"6./?%(#" nunca dejó de ser parte de la familia. El constructo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completamente efímera. EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 96 13/06/13 11:55 _3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?!"2(#".<.AA3B("/#A3%(#<" 8j Y#/#" .<" _BA/#=.?" 6<#=B(3A%" <#" *2./=." .?" 3(A./=3@2*C/.!" 62.?" <#" ?2./=." @." K23.(.?"*2./.(!".("A%(=/#6%?3A3B("@."K23.(.?":3:.(!".?"@.?A%(%A3@#+,, Deon­ =%<BF3A#*.(=."E#C<#(@%!"<#"?#=3?9#AA3B("@."<#"(.A.?3@#@"@."*2./=."(%".?"2(" @.C./!"?#<:%"K2.".?=%"%C?=#A2<3A."<#"#2=%(%*I#"*%/#<"@.<"3(@3:3@2%+ H?63(%;#,4"(%?"@3A."K2.".<"*.@3=#/"?%C/."<#":3@#"(%?"<<.:#"3(.:3=#C<.*.(=."#" *.@3=#/"?%C/."<#"*2./=.!"#2(K2."<#"?#C3@2/I#"@.C3.?."?./"2("*.@3=#/"@.":3@#"D" (%"@."*2./=.+"Y#/#"[email protected]./!"<#"*2./=.".?"<#")<=3*#"*#(39.?=#A3B("@."<#"*3?*#" 3(@3:3@2#<3@#@!"D#"K2."(3(F)("3(@3:3@2%"62.@."*%/3/".("<2F#/"@."%=/%+" N#(?"X%(#?,-"A%(?3@./#C#"K2.".<"?./".?=>"/.<#A3%(#@%"6<.(#*.(=."A%(".<" #A=2#/!"6%/"<%"K2."@.1#/"@."#A=2#/"?3F(3GA#"#"?2":.;"@.1#/"@."?./+"Y%/"%=/%"<#@%!" 6#/#".<"2=3<3=#/3?*%!"<#"*2./=.".?".<"*#D%/"@."<%?"*#<.?!".("A%(=/#6%?3A3B("@." 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E#A.*%?"=#<"*#(39.?=#A3B(!"(%".?":3#C<.".<"K2."62.@#"?./"A%?3GA#@%+" H<"A2./6%"(%".?"2("%C1.=%!"62.?"@.?@."J<"?."?3.(=.!"@.?.#!"6/%D.A=#"%"?." #=3.(@."#"#<F%!".?"3*6%?3C<."@3?=#(A3#/?."@."J<"D!"6%/".(@.!"(%"62.@."/.@2A3/?." ,, " Y<#=B(!"QF2%23P"($)+$89.,"/+(7"QJS3A%!"c/26%"H@3=%/3#<"P%*%!"4558+ " i#/2AE"@."H?63(%;#!"R/'."7"Q#@/3@!"H@3=%/#"p#A3%(#<!",875+ ," Q+"R#(=%0_6./C./!"S'..'2-",'2$)+$N/'."$#$)+$O%2(2*P"$&2,"%7"QJS3A%!"FCE!"455,+ ,U Idem. ,g " c#C/3.<"Q#/A.<!"!2&2$T'"/2,7"_#<#*#(A#!"H@3A3%(.?"_IF2.*.!"455g+ ,4 EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 97 13/06/13 11:55 87" X%?J"R#/<%?"&>;K2.;"Y#//#" #"#<F%"?3*6<.*.(=."A%/6%/#<!"D#"K2.".?"<#"6/.?.(A3#"6<.(#"@."=%@#?"<#?".S6.­ riencias de la persona.,d"M.?@.".?=#"6./A.6A3B(!".<"A2./6%!"?.#":3:%"%"*2./=%!" 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" M3.F%"c/#A3#!"]qH?"<#"@3F(3@#@"2("A%(A.6=%"3()=3<r^!".("Interdependencia: El bienestar como ,+40'('/2$)+$%"$)'3-')")7"_#("_.C#?=3#(!"Q%/#<!"R3.(A3#"D"_%A3.@#@"@."<#"H2/%6#"@.<"_3F<%"XXI!"455j+ ,j EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 98 13/06/13 11:55 _3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?!"2(#".<.AA3B("/#A3%(#<" 88 M.(=/%"@."<%?"]P/#=#@%?"N36%A/>=3A%?^!,7".(".<"#6#/=#@%"]_%C/."<#"M.A.(A3#^!".<" *J@3A%".?"A%<%A#@%"A%*%"2("?./"A%("2(#"@3F(3@#@"6#/=3A2<#/!"@.<"A2#<"?.".?6./#" @.A.(A3#"D"@.A%/%"#<"=.(./"6<.(#"A%*6%?=2/#".("?2"#A=2#/!"#?I"A%*%"9%/=#<.A./?." .(".<"123A3%!"<#"3(=.F/3@#@!".<"A%(%A3*3.(=%")=3<"D"<#".SA.<.(A3#"@.":3@#+"Y%/".<<%!" 6#/#".9.A=%?"#A#@J*3A%?!".<"*#(.1%"@.".")6(.'+-( pone en entredicho el papel K2."12.F#"<#"@3F(3@#@"@.<".?=2@3#(=."@."*.@3A3(#!"#?I"A%*%".<"@."?2"6/%9.?%/!" D#"K2."3(@.6.(@3.(=.*.(=."@."?2?=.(=#/"%"(%"<#"@3F(3@#@".(".<"A2./6%"*2./=%!" =#*C3J("?."@.C."#(#<3;#/"<#"@3F(3@#@"@."#K2.<<%?"K2."?."/.<#A3%(#("A%("J?=.+ Z"6#/=3/"@."<#"6%?=2/#"@."c#C/3.<"Q#/A.<!"<#".S6./3.(A3#"E2*#(#"K2."?."*#(3­ G.?=#"#"6#/=3/"@.<"A2./6%".?"#<F%"3(=/I(?.A%"@.<"*3?*%!"D"#"6.?#/"@."?2"*2./=.!" <#"6/.?.(A3#"@.<"3(@3:3@2%"?."E#A."*#(3G.?=#".("?2"A2./6%!"#?I"K2."<#"(%A3B(" A%(?=/23@#"@."*#(./#"3(@3/.A=#"@.<"A2./6%"*2./=%!"A%(<<.:#".<"K2."<#"@3F(3@#@" pueda ser generada de igual forma. Esto nos lleva a suponer que el manejo de 2("A#@>:./"%"2(".")6(.'+-"62.@."?./"3(@3F(%!"(%"6%/".<"A2./6% .("?I!"?3(%"6%/" <#".S6./3.(A3#"E2*#(#"K2."/.6/.?.(=#!"<%"A2#<"@.C."?./"A%(?3@./#@%"6%/"=%@%" #K2.<"K2."?."/.<#A3%(#"A%("J?=.+" L#" @3F(3@#@" (#A." @." <#" .S6./3.(A3#" D" @.<" misterio del cuerpo.,8"Z?I" K2.!" A%(?3@./#(@%"#"<#"@3F(3@#@"A%*%"#<F%"D#"(%"%(=%<BF3A%"E2*#(%!".?"@."6%A#" 3*6%/=#(A3#".<"E.AE%"@."K2.".<"?21.=%"6#?3:%".?=J"*2./=%!"62.?".<"?21.=%"#A=3:%" #<"/.<#A3%(#/?."A%("J<!"@.C./>"/.?6.=#/"<%"/.6/.?.(=#@%"6%/".<"A2./6%"*2./=%!" 6%/"<%"K2."#<"E#C<#/"@."2("*J@3A%"%"2(".?=2@3#(=."@."*.@3A3(#!"?."E#C<#"@."2(#" @3F(3@#@"A%(?3@./#C<."D"K2.!"?.F)("N36BA/#=.?!"@.C3.?."?./":.(./#@#+ La información: cadásciens frente a simuladores k(#":.;"6<#(=.#@#?"<#?"A/..(A3#?!"H<?=./45"6/%?.F23/I#"6%/".<"#(><3?3?"@."<#"3(9%/­ *#A3B("K2."?."=3.(.".("=%/(%"#"@3AE#?"A/..(A3#?"D"A%(9%/*."#"<#".<.AA3B("K2." ?."63.(?#"=%*#/+"p%"%C?=#(=.!".(".?=."A#?%!"*2AE#"@."<#"3(9%/*#A3B("D#"E#"?3@%" .S6/.?#@#!"6%/"<%"K2."?B<%"K2.@#"E#A./"?.$#<#*3.(=%?"/.9./.(=.?"#"<#"*3?*#+ L#"<.F3?<#A3B(".("QJS3A%"=3.(."#6#/=#@%?"A%*6<.=%?"?%C/.".<"C2.("*#(.1%" @."<%?"A#@>:./.?!"#?I"A%*%"@.<"=/#=%"@3F(%"D"/.?6.=2%?%"K2."?."<.?"@.C."@."@#/" #"J?=%?+"H?=#"?3=2#A3B(".?"2(#"A2.?=3B("K2."E#A."E3(A#63J".("K2."6#/#"<#"<.D!".<" E#C<#/"@."2("A#@>:./"%"2(".")6(.'+-":#"*#?"#<<>"@."<#"?3*6<."*#(362<#A3B("@." 2("%C1.=%!"K2.".(".?=."A#?%"?./I#".<"A2./6%"*2./=%"%"2("A%(12(=%"@."B/F#(%?+ M.(=/%"@.<"*3?*%"/2C/%"@."<#"<.D!".?6.AIGA#*.(=.".(".<"RB@3F%"Y.(#<"*.S3A#(%!" .S3?=."2("A#6I=2<%"A%*6<.=%"?%C/."<#"3(E2*#A3B("D".SE2*#A3B(!".(".<"A2#<".?"(%­ ,7 " N36BA/#=.?!"S+$%"$&+)'.'-"$"-/'30"7"QJS3A%!"UNAM!",88,+ " c+"Q#/A.<!"2F7$.'/7 45 " X+"H<?=./!"J0+,."(I ,8 EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb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las vidas que pueden salvarse a partir de los cuerpos muertos que se usan. Q#?".?=#"12?=3GA#A3B("63./@."*2AE%"@."?2"?.(=3@%"#<"F.(./#/?."<%?"?3*2<#@%/.?" *J@3A%?!"62.?=%"K2."<#"=.A(%<%FI#!"A%*%"D#"?."E#"*.(A3%(#@%"A%("#(=./3%/3@#@!" E#"@#@%"%6A3%(.?"=#("/.#<3?=#?"A%*%".<"2?%"@."2("A2./6%"/.#<"D".(".<"A#?%"@." <%?"A#@>:./.?!"3(A<2?3:."2(#".S6./3.(A3#"*.1%/!"D#"K2."?."@#"?%C/."<%"K2."?./I#" 2("A2./6%".(":3@#"D"(%"2("A2./6%"*2./=%+ Conclusiones Y#/#"A.//#/".?=.".?A/3=%"?."6/.?.(=#("<#?"?3F23.(=.?"A%(?3@./#A3%(.?"#(=.?"@." poder llegar a una conclusión: t" t" t" t" t" R#@>:./".?".<"A2./6%"@."2("?./":3:%!"*2./=%4, o el cuerpo humano en .<"K2."?."E#D#"A%*6/%C#@%"<#"6J/@3@#"@."<#":3@#+44 H=3*%<BF3A#*.(=.!"cadavere ?3F(3GA#"A#/(."@#@#"#"<%?"F2?#(%?!"<%"A2#<" .(".<"A#?%"@."A2./6%"2?#@%"A%("G(.?"A3.(=IGA%?"D"#A#@J*3A%?"(%"?."@#!" 6%/"<%"K2."?."6/%6%(.".<"=J/*3(%".")6(.'+-"aA#/(."@#@#"#<"A%(%A3*3.(=%b+ L#"<.D4-"C/3(@#"#<"A#@>:./"<#"9#A2<=#@"@."(%"?./"A%(?3@./#@%"%C1.=%"@." 6/%63.@#@"D"%C<3F#"#"K2."?."<."=/#=."A%("/.?6.=%!"@3F(3@#@"D"A%(?3@./#­ A3B("a#/=+"-Udb+ L#"=.A(%<%FI#"*J@3A#"E#"3(@#F#@%".<"E#A./"/.6/.?.(=#A3%(.?"@."<#?"92(­ A3%(.?"C>?3A#?"@.<"A2./6%!"F.(./#(@%"?3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?"K2."?%("2(" *.@3%!"2(#"#<2?3B("@."<#"/.#<3@#@"D"K2.""E#("<<.F#@%"#"?./"=#("#:#(;#@%?" K2."@.1#("@."?./"2(#"3*3=#A3B("@."<%"/.#<!"A%(:3/=3J(@%?.".("<%"/.#<".(" ?I"*3?*%!"D#"K2."?%("6./9.A=#*.(=."@.?A/36=3:%?!"?.(?3C<.?"D"6/.A3?%?+ L%?"?3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?"<%F/#("<<.:#/"#<"K2."<%?"2?#"#"2(#"?3=2#A3B(" 4, RAE!"2F7$.'/7 " _.A/.=#/I#"@."_#<2@!"2F7$.'/7 4 M)+&7 44 EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 100 13/06/13 11:55 _3*2<#@%/.?"*J@3A%?!"2(#".<.AA3B("/#A3%(#<" t" t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­ G.(@.("?2"/.6/.?.(=#A3B("@."<#"6./?%(#":3:#+"_.#"A%*%"?.#!"<#"@3F(3@#@" K2."C/%=#"@.<"A2./6%"*2./=%".?"3(=/I(?.A#"@.<"*3?*%"."3((.F#C<."6#/#" A2#<K23./"6./?%(#"K2."?."/.<#A3%(."A%(".<"A#@>:./+ R%("C#?.".("<%"#(=./3%/!"?."A%(A<2D."K2.".<"2?%"@."A#@>:./.?!"K2.".(".?=." caso son .")6(.'+-(!"6%/"?2"2?%"A%("G(.?"#A#@J*3A%?"D"A3.(=IGA%?!"E#"@.1#@%" @."?./"2(#".<.AA3B("/#A3%(#<"#(=."<%?"#:#(A.?"A3.(=IGA%?!"D#"K2."<#"?3*2<#A3B(" *J@3A#!"A2#(@%".?"6%?3C<.!".?"=#("6/.A3?#"D"@.=#<<#@#!"K2."A2C/."<%"G(.?"C2?­ A#@%?"6%/".<"*#(.1%"@."A2./6%?"."3(A<2?%!".("#<F2(%?"A#?%?!".?"*>?".GA#;"D" .GA3.(=.+"Z?I!".<"2?%"@.".")6(.'+-("6#/#".9.A=%?"#A#@J*3A%?"D"A3.(=IGA%?"@.1#" @."=.(./"12?=3GA#(=.?!"D#"K2."?.":3%<.(=#"<#"@3F(3@#@"@."<#".S6./3.(A3#"E2*#(#" *#(39.?=#@#".(".<"A2./6%"D"?."6/%9#(#"@."=#<"*#(./#"#<"3(@3:3@2%"/.6/.?.(=#@%" #"=/#:J?"@."?2"A#@>:./!".<"A2#<"A<#*#"6%/"?./"=/#=#@%"A%("@3F(3@#@!"/.?6.=%"D" consideración. L%?"G(.?"@.1#("@."12?=3GA#/"<%?"*.@3%?!"D#"K2.".(".?=."A#?%".?6.AIGA%!"(3" <%?"G(.?"?."A2C/.("=#(".GA#;*.(=."A%*%"?./I#"A%("2("?3*2<#@%/"*J@3A%"D"<%?" *.@3%?"#=.(=#("A%(=/#"<#"@3F(3@#@"D"E2*#(3@#@"@.<".")6(.'+-(!"#?I"A%*%"@."<#" 6./?%(#"K2."?."/.<#A3%(#"A%("J?=.+"H("A%(A<2?3B(!".<"*#(.1%"@.".")6(.'+-( ha @.1#@%"@."?./"2(#"%6A3B("J=3A#"D"/#A3%(#<*.(=.":3#C<."D"K2.!"6%/".(@.!"62.@." ?./"A%(?3@./#C<.*.(=."A2.?=3%(#C<.+ m.AE#"@."/.A.6A3B(`"4ge,,e45,, m.AE#"@."#A.6=#A3B(`"4-e5Ue45,4 EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VII, núm. 13, enero­junio 2013, pp. 89­101. EnClaves13.indb 101 13/06/13 11:55