Segmentación de imágenes a través de lógica difusa - Academica-e

E.T.S. de Ingeniería Industrial, Informática y de Telecomunicación ! ! ! ! ! Segmentación de imágenes a través de lógica difusa y funciones REF, de Dombi y penalti ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Grado en Ingeniería Informática Trabajo Fin de Grado Iñigo Aguas Ardaiz Humberto Bustince Sola Fco. 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" ;BEFI <> FO DPO MB JOUFODJ³O EF QPEFS FYUFOEFS MB M³HJDB DM¡TJDB P DSJQT EF GPSNB RVF QFSNJUJFSB NBOFKBS Z QSPDFTBS MB JOGPSNBDJ³O RVF TF DPNQPOF EF U©SNJOPT JOFYBDUPT JNQSFDJTPT P TVCKFUJWPT &T BM ੗O Z BM DBCP VO JOUFOUP EF JNJUBS MB GPSNB EF EFEVDDJ³O EFM DFSFCSP IVNBOP QBSB USBTMBEBSMP B MBT N¡RVJOBT 4F DPNFO[BS¡ SFDPSEBOEP MB M³HJDB DM¡TJDB QBSB EFTQV©T FYUFOEFS MPT DPODFQUPT B MB EJGVTB $BQUVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT &O QSJNFS MVHBS EF੗OJSFNPT FM VOJWFSTP ੗OJUP ‫ ܈‬DPO FM RVF TF USBCBKBS¡ EF GPSNB RVF DPOUFOHB UPEPT BRVFMMPT FMFNFOUPT DPO MPT RVF TF EFTFF USBCBKBS FTUP FT ‫ ܈‬ ]‫ܡ‬଒ ‫ܡ‬ଓ Ɨ ‫& _ ܚܡ‬O MB M³HJDB DM¡TJDB TJNQMFNFOUF BTJHOBNPT WFSEBEFSP P GBMTP B DBEB VOP EF MPT FMFNFOUPT EFM DPOKVOUP RVF TF FTUVEJB 1PS FTUB SB[³O BM EF੗OJS VO DPOKVOUP ۴ QPESFNPT EFDJS RVF FTUF DPOUJFOF P OP B MPT FMFNFOUPT EFM VOJWFSTP ‫ ܈‬DPO VOB DFSUF[B BCTPMVUB %F FTUB NBOFSB EBSFNPT VO WBMPS EF DVBOEP ‫ ܕܡ‬FTU© JODMVJEP FO ۴ WFSEBEFSP Z VO WBMPS EF DVBOEP OP MP FTU© GBMTP &O FTUB ºMUJNB JEFB TF SF੘FKB QPS NFEJP EF MB GVODJ³O EF QFSUFOFODJB BM DPOKVOUP ۴ ভ۴ FDVBDJ³O ۴ ] ‫ ܕܡ‬ভ۴ ‫_܈ ˛ ܕܡ^ ܕܡ‬ ভ۴ ̉ ‫ ܈‬ɥ ] _ UBM RVF ϴ Ϸ ϵ TJ ‫ ˛ ܡ‬۴ ভ۴ ‫ ܡ‬Ϸ ϶ TJ ‫ ˜ ܡ‬۴ 1PEFNPT DPOTJEFSBS FM QSPCMFNB EF EFUFSNJOBS TJ VOB QFSTPOB FT BMUB P OP 1BSB MB M³HJDB DM¡TJDB FTUF SB[POBNJFOUP TF TJNQMJ੗DBS¡ FO CVTDBS VO WBMPS B QBSUJS EFM DVBM QPEBNPT EF੗OJS RVF DJFSUB QFSTPOB FT BMUB 1BSB FM TJHVJFOUF FKFNQMP UPNBSFNPT NFUSPT DPNP SFGFSFODJB EPOEF ۴ FT FM DPOKVOUP EF MBT QFSTPOBT BMUBT %F FTUF NPEP ভ۴ TJ`‫ ܡ‬ Z FO PUSP DBTP ভ۴ &O MB ੗HVSB TF QVFEF WFS MB SFQSFTFOUBDJ³O EFM DPODFQUP ۜBMUP‫۝‬ QBSB MBT QPTJCMFT BMUVSBT RVF TF QVFEFO QSFTFOUBS 1FSUFOFODJB WFSEBEFSP GBMTP /P BMUP "MUP BMUVSB N 'JHVSB 3FQSFTFOUBDJ³O EF MB QFSUFOFODJB EF MPT FMFNFOUPT QBSB MB M³HJDB DM¡TJDB 1PS PUSB QBSUF MB M³HJDB EJGVTB EJTQPOF EF MB GVODJ³O EF QFSUFOFODJB N¡T DPNQMFKB MP RVF OPT IBDF QPEFS EFDJS RVF BMHVJFO FT ۜQPDP BMUP‫ ۝‬P ۜCBTUBOUF BMUP‫ ۝‬ZB RVF OP EBSFNPT VO QBS EF WBMPSFT ] _ TJOP DVBMRVJFSB EF MPT DPOUFOJEPT FO FM JOUFSWBMP RVF EF੗OFO "T ভ۴ TFS¡ VOB GVODJ³O RVF BTJHOB VO WBMPS FOUSF Z B DBEB FMFNFOUP EF ۴ ۴ ] ‫ ܕܡ‬ভ۴ ‫_܈ ˛ ܕܡ^ ܕܡ‬ ভ۴ ̉ ‫ ܈‬ɥ = ? 4J DPOUJOVBNPT DPO FM FKFNQMP TF WFS¡ RVF FM DPOKVOUP BMUP ۴ FTUB WF[ TF EF੗OF DPNP FYQMJDB MB FDVBDJ³O ϴ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ভ۴ ‫ ܡ‬Ϸ Ϸ ‫ ˥ ܡ‬ Ϸ ϶ TJ TJ TJ ‫̸ܡ‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ ̷ ܡ‬ 'VODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB 3&' &TUB OVFWB GVODJ³O EF QFSUFOFODJB IBDF RVF QPEBNPT EJTUJOHVJS [POBT EFOUSP EF TV SFQSFTFOUBDJ³O ੗HVSB 4F UFOES¡ EF OVFWP MB FUJRVFUB ۜBMUP‫ ۝‬Z ۜOP BMUP‫ ۝‬RVF IBDFO RVF TV QFSUFOFODJB TFB DFSUFSB 4F EJTQPOES¡ UBNCJ©O VOB QBSUF EF MB QFSUFOFODJB B MB RVF MMBNBSFNPT ۜEJGVTP‫ ۝‬EPOEF FM DPOKVOUP OP B੗SNB TFS OJ ۜBMUP‫ ۝‬OJ ۜOP BMUP‫ ۝‬TJOP RVF FTU¡ FO VOB TJUVBDJ³O JOUFSNFEJB &O FTUF DBTP TF IBCMB EF RVF FM FMFNFOUP ܎‫ ܕ‬RVF TF FODVFOUSB BI QFSUFOFDF B ۴ DPO HSBEP ভ۴ ܎‫ ܕ‬ 1FSUFOFODJB /P BMUP %JGVTP "MUP BMUVSB N 'JHVSB 3FQSFTFOUBDJ³O EF MB QFSUFOFODJB EF MPT FMFNFOUPT QBSB MB M³HJDB EJGVTB .¡T GPSNBMNFOUF EFOPUBSFNPT BM DPOKVOUP RVF JODMVZF B UPEPT MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT DPNP Ț ‫ ܡ‬B UPEPT BRVFMMPT RVF TF FODVFOUSBO EF੗OJEPT TPCSF VO SFGFSFODJBM ੗OJUP ^‫ ^܈‬ ‫ ܚ‬QPS MP RVF ‫ ܈‬OP TFS¡ VO DPOKVOUP WBDP 'VODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB 3&' &M DPODFQUP EF GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB 3&' QPS TVT TJHMBT FO JOHM©T TVSHF EFM DPODFQUP EF FRVJWBMFODJB Z FM EF TJNJMJUVE <> &TUF DPODFQUP FT NVZ VUJMJ[BEP QBSB MB DPNQBSBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT Z TV JOUFODJ³O FT EBS VOB NFEJEB EF D³NP EF JHVBMFT P TJNJMBSFT TPO EPT FMFNFOUPT ‫ ܤ‬F ‫ ܥ‬1BSB QPEFS EF੗OJS FM DPODFQUP EF 3&' OFDFTJUBNPT WBSJPT QSFWJBNFOUF %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB OFHBDJ³O FTUSJDUB FT BRVFMMB GVODJ³O ‫ ? = ̉ ܐ‬ɥ = ? RVF DVNQMF RVF ‫ ܐ‬Z ‫ ܐ‬Z FT FTUSJDUBNFOUF EFDSFDJFOUF Z DPOUJOVB "EFN¡T TJ ‫ ܐ‬FT JOWPMVUJWB TF DPOTJEFSB RVF TF IBCMB EF VOB OFHBDJ³O GVFSUF %FࣲOJDJ³O -MBNBSFNPT BVUPNPS੗TNP ষ B UPEBT BRVFMMBT GVODJPOFT EFM JOUFSWBMP VOJEBE UBM RVF ষ ̉ = ? ɥ = ? TFBO DPOUJOVBT Z FTUSJDUBNFOUF DSFDJFOUFT QSPQJDJBOEP RVF ষ Z ষ &O & 5SJMMBT <> FOVODJ³ FM TJHVJFOUF UFPSFNB 5FPSFNB 5FPSFNB EF 5SJMMBT 6OB GVODJ³O ‫ ? = ̉ ܐ‬ɥ = ? FT VOB OFHBDJ³O GVFSUF TJ Z T³MP TJ FYJTUF VO BVUPNPSटTNP EFM JOUFSWBMP VOJEBE UBM RVF ‫ ܤ ܐ‬ষ˥଒ ˥ ষ ‫ܤ‬ %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ ̉ = ? ɥ = ? FT MMBNBEB EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB DVBOEP DVNQMF RVF $BQUVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫܅ ܥ ܤ‬۸۹ ‫? = ˛ ܥ ܤ˓ ܤ ܥ‬ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ܥ ܤ‬TJ Z T³MP TJ ‫ܥ ܤ‬ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ܥ ܤ‬TJ Z T³MP TJ ‫ ܤ‬F ‫ ܥ‬³ TJ ‫ ܤ‬F ‫ ܥ‬ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫܅ ܥ ܤ‬۸۹ ‫ ? = ˛ ܥ ܤ˓ ܥ ܐ ܤ ܐ‬TJFOEP ‫ ܐ‬VOB OFHBDJ³O GVFSUF ˓‫ ? = ˛ ܦ ܥ ܤ‬TJ ‫ ܦ ̷ ܥ ̷ ܤ‬FOUPODFT ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫܅ ̸ ܥ ܤ‬۸۹ ‫ ܦ ܤ‬Z ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫܅ ̷ ܦ ܥ‬۸۹ ‫ܦ ܤ‬ 1SPQPTJDJ³O 4FBO EPT BVUPNPSटTNPT ষ଒ Z ষଓ TF MMBNBS¡ GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ B MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O RVF DVNQMB RVF ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ܥ ܤ‬ষ˥଒ ଒ ˥ ^ষଓ ‫ ˥ ܤ‬ষଓ ‫^ܥ‬ DPO ‫ ܤ ܐ‬ষ˥଒ ଓ ˥ ষଓ ‫ܤ‬ "EFN¡T TJ UFOFNPT VOB ‫܅‬۸۹ Z VO BVUPNPSटTNP FO = ? MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF FTUPT ۹ ষ˫‫܅‬۸۹ FT PUSB ‫܅‬۸۹ 5FPSFNB 6OB GVODJ³O DPOUJOVB ‫܅‬۸۹ ̉ = ?ଓ ɥ = ? RVF DVNQMB RVF ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ܤ‬ ‫ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ‬FT VOB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ BTPDJBEB DPO MB GVODJ³O ‫? = ̉ ۼ‬ଓ ɥ = ? DPO ‫ ۼ‬DPOUJOVB Z BTPDJBUJWB TJ Z T³MP TJ FYJTUF VO BVUPNPSटTNP ষ FO = ? UBM RVF ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ܥ ܤ‬ষ˥଒ ˥ ഈ ষ ‫ ˥ ܤ‬ষ ‫ܥ‬ഈ Z ‫ ܤ ܐ‬ষ˥଒ ˥ ষ ‫ܤ‬ 'VODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O -BT GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O UJFOFO DPNP QSPQ³TJUP SFEVDJS MBT EJNFOTJPOFT EF MB JOGPSNBDJ³O B QBSUJS EF MB DPNCJOBDJ³O EF MPT EBUPT EF FOUSBEB PCUFOJFOEP VOB TBMJEB RVF MPT SFQSFTFOUF < > 4V BQMJDBDJ³O TF FYUJFOEF FO NVDIPT DBTPT QS¡DUJDPT Z UF³SJDPT DPNP MB M³HJDB NVMUJFWBMVBEB DPOUSPM EJGVTP MB UPNB EF EFDJTJ³O FUD <> 4F EF੗OJS¡ VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O DPNP TJHVF %FࣲOJDJ³O 4F EJDF RVF ‫ ܚ? = ̉ ܀‬ɥ = ? FT VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O EF EJNFOTJ³O ‫ ܚ‬TJFNQSF RVF TBUJTGBHB ‫ܤ ܀‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬TJ Z T³MP TJ ‫ܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬ ‫ܤ ܀‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬TJ Z T³MP TJ ‫ܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬ ‫ ܀‬FT VOB GVODJ³O FTUSJDUBNFOUF DSFDJFOUF %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O ‫ ܀‬TFS¡ MMBNBEB NFEJB TJ ‫ܤ ܚܕܙ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ܤ ܀ ̷ ܚܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ܤ ܤ܎ܙ ̷ ܚܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬ 'VODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O &O FTUF QSPZFDUP TF VUJMJ[BS¡O NBZPSJUBSJBNFOUF MBT GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O JEFNQPUFOUFT FTUP FT RVF DVNQMFO RVF ‫ ܤ ܀‬Ɨ ‫& ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ‬O QBSUJDVMBS VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O JEFNQPUFOUF FT VOB NFEJB &OUSF MBT GVODJPOFT RVF VUJMJ[BSFNPT FODPOUSBNPT MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB FM NOJNP FM N¡YJNP P MB NFEJB HFPN©USJDB "EFN¡T TF EF੗OFO B DPOUJOVBDJ³O PUSBT RVF OP TPO EF VTP UBO DPNºO 'VODJPOFT 08" &O FTUB TFDDJ³O TF JOUSPEVDF FM DPODFQUP EF MBT GVODJPOFT EF NFEJB QPOEFSBEB PSEFOBEB 08" PSEFSFE XFJHIUFE BWFSBHJOH < > 4F CBTBO FO MB JEFB EF HFOFSBS VOB NFEJB PSEFOBOEP QSJNFSP MPT FMFNFOUPT B BHSFHBS QBSB MVFHP EBSMFT NBZPS SFMFWBODJB B VOB QBSUF EF FMMPT &TUF UJQP EF GVODJ³O HFOFSBMJ[B MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB TJFOEP FTUB FM 08" FO FM RVF UPEPT MPT FMFNFOUPT EFM WFDUPS EF QFTPT TPO JHVBMFT %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB GVODJ³O ۹ ̉ = ?‫ ܚ‬ɥ = ? TFS¡ VOB GVODJ³O 08" EF EJNFOTJ³O ‫ܚ‬ TJ FYJTUF VO WFDUPS ‫ܣ ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ Ɨ ‫ ܚ? = ˛ ܚܣ‬UBM RVF ˤ‫ ܕܣ ܕ‬EF GPSNB RVF ‫ܚ‬ ۹ ‫ܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬೎ ‫ܤ ܖܣ‬঴ ‫ܖ‬ ‫ܖ‬଒ EPOEF ‫ܤ‬঴ ‫ ܖ‬FT FM ‫©ܖ‬TJNP NBZPS FMFNFOUP EFM WFDUPS ‫ܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬ 1PS UBOUP QBSB QPEFS PCUFOFS VO SFTVMUBEP BEFDVBEP EFCFS¡ VUJMJ[BSTF VO WFDUPS EF QFTPT ‫ ܣ‬RVF TF BEFDºF B MBT OFDFTJEBEFT EFM QSPCMFNB &O FTUF USBCBKP TF FNQMFB MB WFSTJ³O ۜBM NFOPT MB NJUBE‫ ۝‬RVF UJFOF DPNP WFDUPS EF QFTPT BRVFM RVF TF PCUJFOF DPO MB FDVBDJ³O &TUP HFOFSBS¡ VOB BHSFHBDJ³O EPOEF EFTUBRVFO UPEPT BRVFMMPT FMFNFOUPT RVF TF FODVFOUSFO QPS EFUSBT EF MB NFEJBOB ‫ ܄ ܕܣ‬ന ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܕ‬ ഫ ˥ ‫܄‬ന ഫ ˓‫ ] ˛ ܕ‬Ɨ ‫ _ܚ‬TBCJFOEP RVF ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ϴ Ϸ TJ ‫ ܞ‬ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ‫ ˥ ܞ‬ ‫ ܞ ܄‬Ϸ TJ ̷ ‫ ̷ ܞ‬ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ TJ ‫ ܞ‬ "EFN¡T FO MB TFHVOEB QBSUF EFM FTUVEJP TF FNQMFB FM 08" ۜMB NBZPSB EF‫& ۝‬TUF 08" QSFUFOEF EFTUBDBS BRVFMMPT FMFNFOUPT RVF TPO NBZPSFT FO FM WFDUPS ‫& ܤ‬TUP TF IBDF SFBMJEBE QPS NFEJP EF VO WFDUPS EF QFTPT EPOEF TPO OVMPT MPT QFTPT SFMBUJWPT B BRVFMMBT ‫ܕܤ‬ N¡T QFRVF±BT 1BSB MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EFM WFDUPS EF QFTPT TF VUJMJ[BS¡ UBNCJ©O MB FDVBDJ³O $BQUVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT *OUFHSBM $IPRVFU 1BSB FTUF PUSP UJQP EF GVODJ³O < > EF BHSFHBDJ³O TF QSFUFOEF EBS VOB OVFWB EF GPSNB EF SFQSFTFOUBS VO DPOKVOUP EF EBUPT FO VOB ºOJDB TBMJEB %F FTUB GPSNB TF EF੗OF QSJNFSBNFOUF VOB NFEJEB B USBW©T EF MB DVBM TF DBMDVMBS¡ MB GPSNB FO MB RVF DBEB FMFNFOUP EFM DPOKVOUP EF EBUPT UFOES¡ SFFMFWBODJB FO MB BHSFHBDJ³O ੗OBM 1BSB FMMP EF੗OJNPT FM DPODFQUP EF NFEJEB EJGVTB %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEP ‫ ܈‬VO VOJWFSTP ੗OJUP ‫ ܈ ݣ‬FM DPOKVOUP EF UPEPT MPT TVCDPKVOUPT EF ‫ ܈‬6OB NFEJEB EJGVTB FT VOB GVODJ³O ভ ̉ ‫ ܈ ݣ‬ɥ = ? RVF TBUJTGBDF RVF ভ ˘ Z ভ ‫ ܈‬ ۴ ͙ ۵ ʥ ভ ۴ ̷ ভ ۵ ˓۴ ۵ ͙ ‫ ܈‬ " DPOUJOVBDJ³O EF੗OJNPT MB GVODJ³O JOUFHSBM $IPRVFU DPOPDJFOEP RVF UPNBSFNPT TV WFSTJ³O EJTDSFUB QPS FM DPOUFYUP FO FM RVF TF FTU¡ USBCBKBOEP %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEP VO WFDUPS ‫ܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬TFB ঴ VOB QFSNVUBDJ³O EF ] ‫ _ܚ‬UBM RVF ‫ܤ‬঴ ‫ ܖ‬FT FM ‫©ܖ‬TJNP NBZPS FMFNFOUP EFM WFDUPS ‫ܤ‬଒ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬-B JOUFHSBM EJTDSFUB EF $IPRVFU DPO SFTQFDUP B MB NFEJEB EJGVTB ভ FT ‫ܚ‬ ۶ǻভ ‫ ܤ‬೎ ‫ܤ‬঴ ‫ ܕ‬ভ ]঴ ‫ ܕ‬Ɨ ঴ ‫ ˥ _ܚ‬ভ ]঴ ‫ ܕ‬Ɨ ঴ ‫_ܚ‬ ‫ܕ‬଒ UPNBOEP MB DPOWFODJ³O EF RVF ]঴ ‫ ܚ‬঴ ‫˘ _ܚ‬ ভ 1SPQPTJDJ³O 4J EFOPUBNPT B ‫ܣ‬঴‫ ܕ‬ভ ]঴ ‫ ܕ‬Ɨ ঴ ‫ ˥ _ܚ‬ভ ]঴ ‫ ܕ‬Ɨ ঴ ‫ _ܚ‬TF PCUJFOF MB TJHVJFOUF EFटOJDJ³O EF MB JOUFHSBM $IPRVFU FO GVODJ³O EF MPT PQFSBEPSFT 08" EFटOJEPT FO ‫ܚ‬ ভ ೎ ‫ܣ‬঴‫ ܕ‬Θ ‫ܤ‬঴ ‫ ܕ‬ ‫ܕ‬଒ 'VODJPOFT EF TJNJMJUVE &M DPODFQUP EF TJNJMJUVE < > TVSHF DVBOEP RVFSFNPT NFEJS D³NP EF QBSFDJEPT TPO EPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT &TUF DPODFQUP FT NVZ QBSFDJEP BM EF 3&' QFSP FO FTUF DBTP TF DPOTJEFSBO DPOKVOUPT Z OP FMFNFOUPT 1PS FTUB SB[³O VUJMJ[BNPT MBT 3&' DPNP CBTF QBSB EF੗OJS MBT GVODJPOFT EF TJNJMJUVE 'VODJPOFT QFOBMUJ %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEB VOB GVODJ³O ‫ ܀‬EF BHSFHBDJ³O EF੗OJDJ³O Z VOB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ EF੗OJ³O MMBNBSFNPT B ‫ ܀܆‬GVODJ³O EF TJNJMJUVE TJ ‫ ̉ ܀܆‬Ț ‫ ܋‬Ț ‫ ܋‬ɥ = ? FTU¡ EF੗OJEB UBM RVF ‫ ܀܆‬۴ ۵ ‫ܕܚ܀‬଒ ‫܅‬۸۹ ভ۴ ‫ ܕܤ‬ভ۵ ‫ ܕܤ‬ Z TBUJTGBDF MBT TJHVJFOUFT DPOEJDJPOFT ‫ ܀܆‬۴ ۵ ‫ ܀܆‬۵ ۴ ˓۴ ۵ ˛ Ț ‫܋‬ ‫ ܀܆‬۴ ۴‫ ܐ‬TJ Z T³MP TJ " OP FT EJGVTP ‫ ܀܆‬۴ ۵ TJ Z T³MP TJ " # 4J ۴ ̷ ۵ ̷ ۶ FOUPODFT ‫ ܀܆‬۴ ۵ ̸ ‫ ܀܆‬۴ ۶ Z ‫ ܀܆‬۶ ۵ ̸ ‫ ܀܆‬۶ ۴ ‫ ܀܆‬۴‫ ܐ‬۵‫ ܀܆ ܐ‬۴ ۵ 0CTFSWBDJ³O %VSBOUF FM EFTBSSPMMP EF FTUF USBCBKP TF CVTDBS¡ MB TJNJMJUVE FOUSF DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT Z FM DPOKVOUP É 4F EF੗OF FM DPOKVOUP É ] ‫ ܕܡ‬ভ଒É ‫_܈ ˛ ܕܡ^ ܤ‬ FTUP FT BRVFM FO FM RVF UPEPT TVT FMFNFOUPT UJFOFO QFSUFOFODJB BCTPMVUB 'VODJPOFT QFOBMUJ 6OB GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ <> FT VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O QPS MP RVF EJTQPOF EF VO WFDUPS EF FOUSBEBT EFM RVF EFWVFMWF VO ºOJDP SFTVMUBEP 4J UPEPT MPT FMFNFOUPT EFM WFDUPS TPO JHVBMFT FOUPODFT DMBSBNFOUF MB TBMJEB TFS¡ FTP NJTNP "IPSB CJFO FM QSPCMFNB TVSHF DVBOEP IBZ BMHºO FMFNFOUP EJGFSFOUF ZB RVF FO FTF NPNFOUP MB JEFB TFS¡ CVTDBS VOB TBMJEB UPEP MP QBSFDJEB QPTJCMF B MB FOUSBEB &O FTUF TFOUJEP FT FMFNFOUP P FMFNFOUPT EJGFSFOUFT UFOES¡O VOB DJFSUB EJTDSFQBODJB DPO MPT EFN¡T Z KVTUBNFOUF FTUP FT MP RVF TF QSFUFOEF NJOJNJ[BS MB EJTDSFQBODJB QBSB EBS VOB TBMJEB BEFDVBEB %FࣲOJDJ³O -B GVODJ³O ‫ܚ?܏ ܎= ̉ ܃‬଒ ɥ ȉ = ˱? FT VOB GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ TJ Z T³MP TJ TBUJGBDF RVF ‫ܥ ܤ˓ ̸ ܥ ܤ ܃‬ ‫ ܥ ܤ ܃‬TJ ‫ ܕ˓ܥ ܕܤ‬Ɨ ‫ܚ‬ ‫ ܥ ܤ ܃‬FT DVBTJDPOWFYB FO ‫ ܥ‬QBSB DVBMRVJFS ‫ ܤ‬FTUP FT ‫ ܤ ܃‬ব Θ ‫ܥ‬଒ ˥ ব Θ ‫ܥ‬ଓ ̷ ‫ܥ ܤ ܃ ܤ܎ܙ‬଒ ‫ܥ ܤ ܃‬ଓ $BQUVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT -B GVODJ³O FO MB RVF TF CBTBO MBT QFOBMUJ FT ‫ܥ ܤ ܃ ܚܕܙ ܔܞ܎ ܤ ܓ‬ ‫ܥ‬ TJ ‫ ܥ‬FT FM ºOJDP NOJNP F ‫܏܎ ܥ‬ TJ FM DPOKVOUP EF NJOJNJ[BEPSFT FT FM JOUFSWBMP ܎ ܏ ଓ 5FPSFNB 5PEBT MBT GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O MMBNBEBT NFEJBT QVFEFO TFS FTDSJUBT DPNP VOB GVODJ³O CBTBEB FO VOB GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ FYQSFTBEB FO MB EFटOJDJ³O 'VODJPOFT EF %PNCJ -BT GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ <> TPO PQFSBEPSFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB DPO VOB EF੗OJDJ³O EJGFSFOUF B MBT 3&' QSFTFOUBEBT FO MB TFDDJ³O $PO FTUB SFMBDJ³O MP RVF TF QSFUFOEF DPOPDFS FT DPNP EF JHVBMFT TPO EPT FMFNFOUPT EF VO DPOKVOUP EJGVTP EBEP QFSP BQMJDBOEP OVFWBT JEFBT QBSB MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EFM SFTVMUBEP %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEPT ‫ܤ ܤ‬଒ ‫ܤ‬ଓ Ɨ ‫ ܚܤ‬Z ‫ܣ ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ Ɨ ‫ ܚܣ‬EFOPUBSFNPT ۷ DPNP VOB GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ DVBOEP UFOHBNPT RVF ۷ ‫ ܤ ܣ‬ ദ ೑ ˥ ‫ ܕܣ ܕܤ‬ഩ -FNB -B GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ ۷ DVNQMF MBT TJHVJFOUFT QSPQJFEBEFT ۷ ̉ = ? = ? ɥ = ? FT DPOUJOVB ۷ ‫ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ ۷ ‫ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ ۷ ‫ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ ۷ ‫ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ ۷ ‫ܣ‬଒ ‫ܣ‬ଓ ‫ ܤ ܐ ܤ‬ /PUBDJ³O " MP MBSHP EFM USBCBKP TF BTVNJS¡ MB OPUBDJ³O RVF TJHVF QBSB FTUPT DPODFQUPT *NBHFO MB EFOPUBSFNPT DPO ‫܄‬ $PPSEFOBEBT EF VO QJYFM ‫ܥ ܤ‬ /PUBDJ³O .¡YJNP OJWFM EF HSJT ‫ۿ‬ /ºNFSP EF GJMBT EF ‫ ܁ ܄‬ /ºNFSP EF DPMVNOBT EF ‫܀ ܄‬ *OUFOTJEBE EF VO QJYFM ‫ ܥ ܤ ܝ‬EF GPSNB RVF ̷ ‫܄ ˛ ܥ ܤ ˓ ˥ ۿ ̷ ܥ ܤ ܝ‬ )JTUPHSBNB ǻ ‫' ܝ‬VODJ³O QBSB DPOPDFS FM OºNFSP EF QJYFMFT DPO MB JOUFOTJEBE ‫ܝ‬ .FEJB EF VOB JNBHFO ‫ ܄ܙ‬ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ SFB EF VOB JNBHFO ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ۴ ‫ ܄‬೎ ‫ܝ‬ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ &O FTUF DBQUVMP FO QSJNFS MVHBS TF QSFTFOUBS¡O UPEBT MBT IFSSBNJFOUBT BMHPSUNJDBT RVF TF WBO B VUJMJ[BS QBSB MMFWBS B DBCP MPT FYQFSJNFOUPT EF FTUF USBCBKP IBDJFOEP ©OGBTJT FO MB GPSNB EF VUJMJ[BDJ³O QBSB GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ 4FHVJEBNFOUF TF NPTUBS¡O MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT QBSB MB TFHNFOUBDJ³O NPOPVNCSBM DPO FTUBT GVODJPOFT .©UPEPT BMHPSUNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM "MHPSJUNP HFOFSBM NBYJNJ[BOEP MB TJNJMJUVE &TUF BMHPSJUNP RVF TF QSFTFOUB FO <> QSFUFOEF DPOTFHVJS PCUFOFS VO ºOJDP VNCSBM B QBSUJS EF MB NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE "MHPSJUNP .BYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ‫ ܠ‬B QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ‫ ܄‬FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ‫ ܠ‬IBTUB ‫ ˥ ۿ‬IBDFS %JWJT³O EF MB JNBHFO FO EPT DMBTFT ۶܏ ‫ ܠ‬Z ۶‫ ܠ ܛ‬1BSB DBEB VOB EF FTUBT DMBTFT DBMDVMBS TV NFEJB ‫ ܠ ܏ܙ‬Z ‫ܠ ܛܙ‬ $POTUSVDDJ³O EFM DPOKVOUP EJGVTP ‫ ܠ܄‬ $BMDVMBS MB ‫ ܀܆‬É ‫ ܠ܄‬ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \‫ ] ܠ‬NBY‫^ ܀܆‬ $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ &O FM BMHPSJUNP BOUFSJPS TF OFDFTJUBO WBSJBT EF੗OJDJPOFT RVF TF FYQMJDBO B DPOUJOVBDJ³O &O QSJNFS MVHBS TF EFTDSJCF FM N©UPEP EF DSFBDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT QBSB MP RVF TF FYQMJDB QSFWJBNFOUF FM D¡MDVMP EF MBT NFEJBT QBSB FM GPOEP Z FM PCKFUP %FࣲOJDJ³O 5FOJFOEP FO DVFOUB MB EF੗OJDJ³O EF MB NFEJB EF VOB JNBHFO RVF TF IB EBEP FO FM BQBSUBEP Z EJTQPOJFOEP EFM IJTUPHSBNB EF MB JNBHFO ǻ ‫ ܝ‬QBSB VO DJFSUP OJWFM ‫ ܄ ˛ ܝ˓ ܝ‬TF EF੗OF MB NFEJB EF MPT QYFMFT EFM GPOEP DPNP ‫ ܠ ܏ܙ‬ Z QBSB MPT QYFMFT EFM PCKFUP DPNP ‫ ܠ ܛܙ‬ ˤ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܝ‬ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ ˤ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠܝ‬଒ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠܝ‬଒ %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEB ‫ ܄‬VOB JNBHFO FO MB FTDBMB EF - OJWFMFT EF HSJT Z ‫ ܠ‬VO OJWFM EF HSJT EF GPSNB RVF ̷ ‫ ˥ ۿ ̷ ܠ‬5FOJFOEP FO DVFOUB RVF ۹ FT VOB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ ZB RVF MB ‫܅‬۸۹ ˫ ষ MP FT TF EF੗OF FM DPOKVOUP UFOJFOEP FO DVFOUB RVF ‫ ܝ ] ܠ܄‬ভ‫ ] ˛ ܝ^ܝ ܠ܄‬Ɨ ‫__ ˥ ۿ‬ ϴ Ϸ ‫ܠ ܏ܙ ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܏ܙ ܝ‬ Ϸ Ϸ ۹ന ষ ന‫܅‬۸۹ ന ഫ ഫഫ Ϸ Ϸ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ϵ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ভ‫ ܝ ܠ܄‬Ϸ Ϸ ‫ܠ ܛܙ ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܛܙ ܝ‬ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ۹ ന ‫ ˥ ۿ ˥ ۿ‬ഫ ষ ന‫܅‬۸۹ ന ‫ ˥ ۿ ˥ ۿ‬ഫഫ TJ ‫ܠ ̷ ܝ‬ TJ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ‬ 0CTFSWBDJ³O $PNP QBSFDF M³HJDP B MB WJTUB EF MB EF੗OJDJ³O FT OFDFTBSJP QPEFS FOVNFSBS BRVFMMBT GVODJPOFT RVF TF VUJMJ[BS¡O DPNP ‫܅‬۸۹ Z DPNP BVUPNPS੗TNP ষ 1BSB UPEPT MPT DBTPT TF UFOES¡ ষ ‫ ܤ‬Z BEFN¡T TF EJTUJOHVJS¡O MBT TJHVJFOUFT GVODJPOFT ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ‬ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ‬ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ‬ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ ଓ ଑ଖ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ‬ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈଓ ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ‬ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ଑ଖ .©UPEPT BMHPSUNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM %FCJEP B MB GPSNVMBDJ³O EF FTUF UBSCBKP TF TVTUJUVJS¡ MB BQMJDBDJ³O BOUFSJPS RVF BDUºB DPNP GVODJ³O ۹ FO MB EF੗OJDJ³O QPS MB GVODJ³O EF %PNCJ <> EF੗OJEBT FO %F FTUB GPSNB FO FTUF DBTP MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT RVFEBS¡O DPNP FYQMJDB MB FDVBDJ³O ϴ Ϸ ‫ܠ ܏ܙ ܝ‬ Ϸ Ϸ ۹ ന‫ ܣ‬ന ഫഫ Ϸ Ϸ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ϵ ভ‫ ܝ ܠ܄‬Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ‫ܠ ܛܙ ܝ‬ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ۹ ന‫ ܣ‬ന ഫഫ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܣ ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܙ‬ പ Θ ന ˥ ܏ ഫ ഫ ന ധ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬ ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܣ ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܙ‬ ധ പ Θ ന ˥ ‫ ܛ‬ഫ ഫ ˥ ന ‫˥ۿ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬ TJ ‫ܠ ̷ ܝ‬ TJ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ‬ "EFN¡T FM ºMUJNP QBTP EFM CVDMF FO MB MOFB "MHPSJUNP TF MMFWB B DBCP MB CVTRVFEB EF MB TJNJMJUVE GSFOUF BM DPOKVOUP É 1BSB QPEFS MMFWBS B DBCP FTUF D¡MDVMP UBM Z DPNP TF FTQFDJ੗DB FO MB EF੗OJDJ³O OFDFTJUBNPT VUJMJ[BS VOB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ RVF TFS¡ ‫܅‬۸۹ଓ ଓ ˤ‫ ܕܤ ܚ‬%F FTUB GPSNB RVFEBS¡ ˥ ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ Z MB BHSFHBDJ³O ‫ ܀‬MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB ‫ܕ ܀‬଒ ‫ܚ‬ ଒ DPNP TJHVF ‫ ܀܆‬É ‫˥ۿ܀ ܠ܄‬଒ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫ ܝ‬Θ ‫܅‬۸۹ଓ ভ‫ܝ ܠ܄‬ "MHPSJUNP EFM ¡SFB &TUF BMHPSJUNP RVF TF QSFTFOUB FO <> UBNCJ©O QSFUFOEF IBZBS VO OVFWP VNCSBM B USBW©T EF MB DSFBDJ³O EF VOB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ UBM Z DPNP TF FYQMJDB FO FM UFPSFNB "MHPSJUNP 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM ¡SFB &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ‫ ܠ‬B QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ‫ ܄‬FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ‫ ܠ‬IBTUB ‫ ˥ ۿ‬IBDFS ‫ܠ‬ ۴ ‫ ܠ܄‬೎ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ষ˥଒ ଒ ന ˥ ഋষଓ ധ ‫ܝ‬଑ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܙ‬ പ ˥ ষଓ ന ܏ ഫഋഫ ‫˥ۿ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬ ೎ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ষ˥଒ ଒ ന ˥ ഋষଓ ധ ‫ܠܝ‬଒ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \‫ ] ܠ‬NBY۴ ‫^ ܠ܄‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܙ‬ പ ˥ ষଓ ന ‫ ܛ‬ഫഋഫ ‫˥ۿ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬ &TUB FT SFBMNFOUF VOB OVFWB WFSTJ³O EFM BMHPSJUNP EF NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF TJNJMJUVE BOUFSJPS 1PS FTUB SB[³O TF QSFQBSB VOB GPSNVMBDJ³O QBSB DPOPDFS MB SFMBDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE FO GVODJ³O EFM ¡SFB ۴ RVF TF IB DBMDVMBEP 4F JOUFOUBS¡ QPS UBOUP TJNQMJ੗DBSMP SFUJSBOEP MB GVODJ³O EF TJNJMJUVE ‫܀܆‬ 1SPQPTJDJ³O %BEB VOB BHSFHBDJ³O ‫ ܀‬MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB Z MB GVODJ³O ‫܅‬۸۹ଓ VOB GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB GPSNBEB TFHºO MB EFटOJDJ³O 4J TF DPOTUSVZFO EPT $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ Z ‫ܠ܄‬ଝ EF BDVFSEP B EFटOJDJ³O EF MB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬4J EJTQPOFNPT EF VOB NFEJEB EF TJNJMJUVE QSFTFOUBEB FO QPEFNPT BटSNBS RVF ‫ ܀܆‬É ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ ̷ ‫ ܀܆‬É ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ TJ Z T³MP TJ ۴ ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ ̷ ۴ ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ 1SVFCB 4BCJFOEP RVF ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ‬FOUPODFT ‫ ܀܆‬É ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ೎ ദǻ ‫܅ܝ‬۸۹ଓ ভ‫ܝ ܠ܄‬ഩ ‫ܝ‬଑ ଜ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ೎ ദǻ ‫ܝ‬ভ‫ܝ ܠ܄‬ഩ ‫ܝ‬଑ 1PS FTUB SB[³O UBNCJ©O TF QPES¡ EFDJS RVF ‫ ܀܆‬É ‫ܠ܄‬ଝ QSPQPTJDJ³O BOUFSJPS ଜ ۴ ‫ܠ܄‬ଝ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬ଜ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ۴ ‫ܠ܄‬ଜ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ MP RVF QSVFCB MB ‫ܝ‬ଛ &O FTUF BMHPSJUNP TF VUJMJ[BO QBSFT EF BVUPNPS੗TNPT QBSB EBSMF GPSNB BM ¡SFB 4F UPNB ষ଒ ‫ ܤ‬ষଓ ‫? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ‬ Ϩ ϫ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ϩϩ ‫ܠ‬ Ϭ ϩϩ೎ ˥ ഋ ‫ ܠ ܏ܙ ˥ ܝ‬ഋ ˥ ೎ ˥ ഋ ‫ ܠ ܛܙ ˥ ܝ‬ഋ ϬϬϬ ۴ ‫˥ۿܙܡܟ ܠ܄‬଒ ന ഫ ന ഫ Ϭ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫ ˥ ܝ‬ϩ Ϫ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ‫ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ϭ ‫ܝ‬଑ ‫ܠܝ‬଒ 4F UPNB ষ଒ ‫ ܑܤ ܤ‬DPO ܑ ̳ ˓‫ ? = ˛ ܤ‬Z ষଓ ‫? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ೎ ǻ ‫ ܝ‬ന ˥ ഋ ‫ܝ‬଑ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܏ܙ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ ܛܙ‬ ೎ ഋഫ ˥ ഋഫ ˥ ǻ ‫ ܝ‬ന ˥ ഋ ˥ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ‫ܠܝ‬଒ 4F UPNB ষ଒ ‫ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ˥ ˭ ˥ ܤ‬Z ষଓ ‫? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ‬ Ϩ ϫ ଓ ଓϬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ϩϩ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ϬϬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܙ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܙ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ܏ ‫ܛ‬ ೎ ǻ ‫ ˥ ܝ‬ϩϩϩ೎ ǻ ‫ ܝ‬ന ˥ ˥ ഫ ˥ ೎ ǻ ‫ ܝ‬ന ഫ ϬϬϭ Ϫ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ‫˥ۿ ˥ۿ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ ‫ܝ‬଑ ‫ܠܝ‬଒ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ &O UPUBM TF EJTQPOES¡ EF WFSTJPOFT EJGFSFOUFT 4F EFCF UFOFS FO DVFOUB RVF FO MB FO FM QBS EF BVUPNPS੗TNPT TF EJTQPOES¡ EF ܑ Z ܑ "MHPSJUNP EF TFMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEB ‫ ܄‬VOB JNBHFO FO MB FTDBMB EF - OJWFMFT EF HSJT Z ‫ ܠ‬VO OJWFM EF HSJT EF GPSNB RVF ̷ ‫ ˥ ۿ ̷ ܠ‬TF DBMDVMB TV DPOKVOUP ‫ ܠ܄ ۻ‬DPNP ‫ ܝ ] ܠ܄ ۻ‬ভ‫ ] ˛ ܝ^ܝ ܠ܄ ۻ‬Ɨ ‫__ ˥ ۿ‬ .©UPEPT BMHPSUNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM UFOJFOEP FO DVFOUB RVF ϴ Ϸ ‫ܠ ܏ܙ‬ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ‫˥ۿ‬ ভ‫ ܝ ܠ܄‬Ϸ Ϸ ‫ܠ ܛܙ‬ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ‫˥ۿ‬ TJ ‫ܠ ̷ ܝ‬ TJ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ‬ &O FM BMHPSJUNP OFDFTJUBSFNPT EFTQV©T DBMDVMBS MB TJNJMJUVE RVF FYJTUF FOUSF FM DPOKVOUP ‫ ܠ܄‬Z FM DPOKVOUP ‫ ܠ܄ ۻ‬1BSB FMMP BQMJDBNPT MB EF੗OJDJ³O ‫˥ۿ܀ ܠ܄ ۻ ܠ܄ ܀܆‬଒ ‫ܝ‬଑ ǻ ‫܅ܝ‬۸۹ ভ‫ ܝ ܠ܄‬ভ‫ܝ ܠ܄ ۻ‬ ଓ 5FOESFNPT FO DVFOUB RVF ‫ ܀‬TFHVJS¡ TJFOEP MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB Z ‫܅‬۸۹ ˥ ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ ˓‫˛ ܤ‬ = ? 4J B USBW©T EF MB VOJGPSNJEBE TJNQMJ੗DBNPT MB FYQSFTJ³O BOUFSJPS PCUFOESFNPT ‫ ܠ܄ ۻ ܠ܄ ܀܆‬ ˤ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ǻ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬଑ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ೎ ദǻ ‫ ˥ ܝ‬ভ‫ ˥ ܝ ܠ܄‬ভ‫ܝ ܠ܄ ۻ‬ଓ ഩ ‫ܝ‬଑ "MHPSJUNP 4FMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ‫ ˪ܠ‬B QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ‫ ܄‬FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ‫ ܠ‬IBTUB ‫ ˥ ۿ‬IBDFS $BMDVMBS MPT DPOKVOUPT ‫ ܠ܄‬DPNP TF EFTDSJCF FO MB EF੗OJDJ³O $BMDVMBS MPT DPOKVOUPT ‫ ۻ‬DPNP TF NVFTUSB FO MB EF੗OJDJ³O $BMDVMBS MB ‫ ܠ܄ ۻ ܠ܄ ܀܆‬ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \‫ ] ˪ܠ‬NBY‫^ ܀܆‬ 0USPT BMHPSJUNPT "MHPSJUNP EF VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O HMPCBM &OUSF MPT BMHPSJUNPT RVF TF FODBSHBO EF TFHNFOUBS MB JNBHFO DPO VO ºOJDP VNCSBM FTUF FT FM N¡T TJNQMF BVORVF FO PDBTJPOFT QPEFNPT PCUFOFS SFTVMUBEPT TV੗DJFOUFNFOUF CVFOPT TFHºO RVF BQMJDBDJ³O RVFSBNPT EBSMF &O FTUF TFOUJEP QBSB FM CVFO GVODJPOBNJFOUP EFM BMHPSJUNP FT OFDFTBSJP RVF MB JNBHFO UFOHB VOB DMBSB TFQBSBDJ³O FOUSF FM PCKFUP Z FM GPOEP FYQSFTBEB DPO VO WBMMF FO FM IJTUPHSBNB EF MB JNBHFO 4F EFCF UFOFS DVJEBEP BM FMFHJS FM QBS¡NFUSP দ ZB RVF EF ©M EFQFOEF FM OºNFSP EF JUFSBDJPOFT EFM CVDMF /PSNBMNFOUF DPOGPSNF FTUF DSFDF NFOPS FT FM OºNFSP EF JUFSBDJPOFT OFDFTBSJBT QBSB VO SFTVMUBEP BEFDVBEP $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ "MHPSJUNP 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O HMPCBM &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ‫ ܠ‬B QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ‫ ܄‬FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP ‫\ ܠ‬4F TFMFDDJPOB VO VNCSBM JOJDJBM DVBMRVJFSB BRV TF UPNBS¡ FM WBMPS NFEJP EF MPT QPTJCMFT^ SFQFUJS ‫ܠ ܠܚ܎ܠ‬ ‫_ܠ ܥ ܤ ܝ^ܥ ܤ ] ۺ‬ ‫_ܠ ̷ ܥ ܤ ܝ^ܥ ܤ ] ۺ‬ ଒ ˤ ‫ۺ^ ܙ‬଒^ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ۺ˛ܕ‬଒ ଒ ˤ ‫ۺ^ ܙ‬ଓ^ ‫ۺ˛ܕ‬ଓ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܙ ܠ‬଒‫ܙ‬ଓ ଓ IBTUB RVF ^‫ ^ܠ ˥ ܠܚ܎ܠ‬দ \&M WBMPS দ FT VO DJFSUP FSSPS EJTQVFTUP QPS FM QSPHSBNBEPS^ EFWPMWFS ‫ܠ‬ "MHPSJUNP EF 0UTV &M BMHPSJUNP EF 0UTV <> CBTB TV U©DOJDB EF VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O UBNCJ©O FO FM IJTUPHSBNB EF MB JNBHFO RVF SFDJCF 1BSB FMMP USBUB MBT QSPCBCJMJEBEFT RVF TF MF PSUPSHBO B DBEB VOP EF MPT OJWFMFT EF HSJT EF MPT RVF EJTQPOF MB JNBHFO 4J UPNBNPT VOB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬RVF UFOHB TVT JOUFOTJEBEFT FOUSF = Ɨ ‫ ?ۿ‬QPESFNPT FYQSFTBS MB QSPCBCMJEBE EF DBEB JOUFOTJEBE DPNP ‫ ܕܜ‬ ‫ܕܚ‬ ‫܁‬ ‫ ̸ ܕܜ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ TBCJFOEP RVF ೎ ‫ ܕܜ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ TJFOEP ‫ ܕܚ‬FM OºNFSP EF QYFMFT EF JOUFOTJEBE ‫ ܕ‬Z ‫ ܁‬FM OºNFSP UPUBM EF QYFMFT FO MB JNBHFO ‫܄‬ "IPSB TVQPOESFNPT RVF QPEFNPT DMBTJ੗DBS MPT FMFNFOUPT EF MB JNBHFO FO EPT DMBTFT ۶଑ Z ۶଒ RVF UFOES¡O B MPT QYFMFT = Ɨ ‫ ?ܗ‬Z =‫ ܗ‬Ɨ ‫ ? ˥ ۿ‬SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF %F੗OJS¡O TV QSPCBCJMJEBE DPNP ‫ܠ‬ Z ঺଑ ‫ ܞ܃‬۶଑ ೎ ‫঺ ܕܜ‬଑ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ Z TV NFEJB DPNP ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ ‫ܕ‬଑ ভ଑ ೎ ‫^ܕ ܞ܃ ܕ‬۶଑ ೎ EPOEF ‫ܕܜܕ‬ ভ ‫ܠ‬ ঺଑ ঺ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܗ‬ ঺ ‫ ܗ‬೎ ‫ܕܜܕ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ঺଒ ‫ ܞ܃‬۶଒ ೎ ‫঺ ܕܜ‬଒ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܠܕ‬଒ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ Z ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܕܜܕ‬ ভ‫ ˥ ܇‬ভ ‫ܠ‬ ˥ ঺ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܠܕ‬଒ ঺଒ ভ଒ ೎ ‫^ܕ ܞ܃ ܕ‬۶଒ ೎ ‫ܠܕ‬଒ Z ‫ܗ‬ ভ ‫ ܗ‬೎ ‫ܕܜܕ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ .©UPEPT BMHPSUNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM 1PS ºMUJNP TF QVFEF EF੗OJS ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ভ‫ ܇‬ভ ‫ ˥ ۿ‬೎ ‫ܕܜܕ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ Z UPEBT FTUBT EF੗OJDJPOFT QPEFNPT BTFHVSBS RVF DVNQMJS¡O RVF Z ঺଑ ভ଑ ঺଒ ভ଒ ভ‫܇‬ ঺଑ ঺ ଒ $PO MB JOUFODJ³O EF FWBMVBS MP BEFDVBEP P OP RVF FT DBEB VNCSBM ‫ ܠ‬QPEFNPT EF੗OJS MB WBSJBO[B EF DBEB VOP DPNP ঴ଓ۵ ‫঺ ܠ‬଑ ভ଑ ˥ ভ‫ ܇‬ଓ ঺଒ ভ଒ ˥ ভ‫ ܇‬ଓ ঺଑ ঺଒ ভ଒ ˥ ভ଑ ଓ $PO UPEP FMMP QBSB FODPOUSBS FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP ‫ ˪ܠ‬T³MP EFCFSFNPT FODPOUSBS BRVFMMB WBSJBO[B RVF NBYJNJDF B MBT EFN¡T ঴ଓ۵ ‫ ܤ܎ܙ ˪ܠ‬ബ঴ଓ۵ ‫ܠ‬യ ଒̷‫ۿܗ‬ "M SFTVNJS UPEP MP BOUFSJPS FO MFOHVBKF BMHPSUNJDP TF FODVFOUSB "MHPSJUNP 4FMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP TFHºO 0UTV &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ‫ ˪ܠ‬B QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ‫ ܄‬FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ‫ ܠ‬IBTUB ‫ ˥ ۿ‬IBDFS ‫ܠ‬ ঺଑ U ˤ‫ܕ‬଒ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ভ଑ U ˤ‫ܕ‬଒ ঺‫ܜܕ‬ଛ‫ܕ‬ ‫ۿ‬ ঺଒ U ˤ‫ܠܕ‬଒ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ۿ‬ ভ଒ U ˤ‫ܠܕ‬଒ ঺‫ܜܕ‬ଜ‫ܕ‬ ঴ଓ۵ ‫঺ ܠ‬଑ ঺଒ ভ଒ ˥ ভ଑ ଓ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \‫ ܠܤ܎ܙ ] ˪ܠ‬঴ଓ۵ ^ "MHPSJUNP EF NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB FOUSPQB EF 3FOZJ &TUF BMHPSJUNP FOVODJBEP FO <> CVTDB FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP EF MB JNBHFO B USBW©T EF MB NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB FOUSPQB RVF TF QSPEVDF FO MB JNBHFO EF੗OJEB QPS 3FOZJ "M JHVBM RVF FO FM BMHPSJUNP EF 0UTV TF FNQJF[B EF੗OJFOEP EPT DMBTFT MB DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF BM GPOEP Z MB EFM PCKFUP 1BSB DBEB VOB EF FMMBT TF EF੗OF TV QSPCBCJMJEBE ‫ܠ‬ ‫ ܜ‬۶଑ ೎ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ܕ‬଑ Z ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ ܜ‬۶଒ ೎ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ܠܕ‬଒ $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ EPOEF DPO BNCBT QSPCBCJMJEBEFT TF DVNQMF RVF ‫ ܜ‬۶଑ ‫ ܜ‬۶଒ " DPOUJOVBDJ³O TF EF੗OF MB FOUSPQB QBSB BNCBT DMBTFT TBCJFOEP RVF ঢ ̳ ‫ۻ‬۶ঢଛ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ ܚܘ‬೎ ന ഫ ˥ ঢ ‫ܕ‬଑ ‫ ܜ‬۶଑ ঢ Z ‫ۻ‬۶ঢଜ ‫ܠ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ ܚܘ‬೎ ന ഫ ˥ ঢ ‫ ܜ ܠܕ‬۶଒ ঢ -MFHBEP FTUF QVOUP TF QVFEF FODPOUSBS FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP ‫ ˪ܠ‬ঢ BRVFM RVF NBYJNJDF MB TVNB EF MBT FOUSPQBT EF MBT DMBTFT ‫ ˪ܠ‬ঢ ‫ ܤ܎ܙ‬ബ‫ۻ‬۶ঢଛ ‫ۻ ܠ‬۶ঢଜ ‫ܠ‬യ ଑̷‫ۿܠ‬ 1PS NFEJP EF FYQFSJNFOUBDJ³O TF IB DPNQSPCBEP RVF FM VNCSBM BOUFSJPS OP FT JHVBM QBSB UPEPT MPT WBMPSFT EF ঢ &TUF IFDIP TF GPSNBMJ[B EF MB TJHVJFOUF GPSNB ϴ ˪ Ϸ ‫ܠ‬଒ TJ ঢ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ˪ ˪ ‫ܠ‬ଓ TJ ঢ ɥ ‫ ܠ‬ঢ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ˪ ‫ܠ‬ଔ TJ ঢ ˱ 1PS FTUB SB[³O TF IBDF OFDFTBSJP FNDPOUSBS VO VNCSBM ‫ ܠ‬RVF OP TFB EFQFOEJFOUF EF ঢ 1BSB FMMP TF EFCFO DBMDVMBS VO VNCSBM QBSB DBEB VOB EF MBT TJUVBDJPOFT FOVNFSBEBT Z PSEFOBSMPT EF NBZPS B NFOPS BMHP RVF TJNCPMJ[BSFNPT DPNP ‫ ܠ‬଒ ̷ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ̷ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ %F FTUBT GPSNB EF੗OJSFNPT FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP EF MB JNBHFO DPNP ‫ ܠ ܐ˪ܠ‬଒ ന‫ ܠ ܜ‬଒ ঺ণ଒ ഫ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ঺ণଓ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ന ˥ ‫ ܠ ܜ‬ଔ ঺ণଔ ഫ FO EPOEF UFOESFNPT FO DVFOUB RVF ‫ ܠ ܜ‬ˤ‫ܕܠ‬଒ ‫ ܕܜ‬Z ঺ ‫ ܠ ܜ‬ଔ ˥ ‫ ܠ ܜ‬଒ BEFN¡T EFM WFDUPS ণ଒ ণଓ ণଔ RVF TF UPNB BT ϴ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ণ଒ ণଓ ণଔ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ TJ TJ TJ TJ ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ ̷ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ ̷ ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ ̷ ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ ̷ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ &O EF੗OJUJWB FM VNCSBM ‫ ܐ˪ܠ‬QVFEF WFSTF DPNP VOB NFEJB QPOEFSBEB EF MPT WBMPSFT EF ‫˪ܠ‬଒ ‫˪ܠ‬ଓ ‫˪ܠ‬ଔ QPS MP RVF TF QVFEF B੗SNBS ‫˪ܠ]ܚܕܙ‬଒ ‫˪ܠ‬ଓ ‫˪ܠ‬ଔ _ ̷ ‫˪ܠ]ܤ܎ܙ ̷ ܐ˪ܠ‬଒ ‫˪ܠ‬ଓ ‫˪ܠ‬ଔ _ ‫ ܠ‬଒ ̷ ‫ ܠ ̷ ܐ˪ܠ‬ଔ FTUB BHSFHBDJ³O DPOTJHVF FWJUBS MPT NBMPT SFTVMUBEPT RVF QPESBO EBSTF TJ OP TF VUJMJ[BSB VO QBS¡NFUSP ঢ DPSSFDUP BM JHVBM RVF JOUFHSB UPEBT MBT DBSBDUFSTUJDBT EF MB JNBHFO .©UPEPT BMHPSUNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM "MHPSJUNP 4FMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP NBYJNJ[BOEP MB FOUSPQB EF 3FOZJ &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ‫ ˪ܠ‬B QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ‫ ܄‬FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP ঢ = ? \1BSB GBDJMJUBS MB JNQMFNFOUBDJ³O TF UFOES¡ FO DVFOUB ºOJDBNFOUF VO BMGB EF DBEB VOP EF MPT DBTPT DVBOEP TF FTUBCJMJ[BO DBEB VOP EF MPT DBTPT^ QBSB ঢ‫ ˛ ܕ‬ঢ IBDFS ‫ ܇ۻ‬ QBSB ‫ܠ‬ƚ IBTUB ‫ ˥ ۿ‬IBDFS ‫ܠ‬ƚ ‫ܜ‬۶ଛ ˤ‫ܕ‬଑ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܜ‬۶ଜ ˤ‫ܠܕ‬ƚ ଒ ‫ܕܜ‬ ‫ܠ‬ƚ ‫ܕܜ‬ ଒ ‫ۻ‬۶ঢଛ ‫ܠ‬ƚ ଒˥ঢ ‫ ܚܘ‬ˤ‫ܕ‬଑ ദ ‫ ܜ‬۶ ഩ ଛ ঢ ঢ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ‫ܕܜ‬ ଒ ‫ۻ‬۶ঢଜ ‫ܠ‬ƚ ଒˥ঢ ‫ ܚܘ‬ˤ‫ܠܕ‬ƚ ദ ‫ ܜ‬۶ ഩ ଜ ƚ ƚ ‫ۻ ܠ ܇ۻ ܠ ܇ۻ‬۶ଛ ‫ۻ‬۶ଜ ࣲO QBSB ‫ܤ܎ܙ ܕ ܞܛܖܒܙܠ‬଑̷‫ ۿܖ‬ബ‫ܖ ܇ۻ‬യ ࣲO QBSB ‫ ܠ‬PSEFOBS‫ ܞܛܖܒܙܠ‬ ‫ ܠ‬ଞ ‫ ܠ‬ଜ ঺ ˤ‫ܕ‬଑ ‫ ˥ ܕܜ‬ˤ‫ܕ‬଑ ‫ܕܜ‬ TJ ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ ̷ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ ̷ FOUPODFT ণ < > TJ OP ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ FOUPODFT ণ < > TJ OP ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ ̷ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ FOUPODFT ণ < > TJ OP ഈ‫ ܠ‬଒ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ഈ Z ഈ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ˥ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ഈ ̷ FOUPODFT ণ < > ࣲO TJ ‫ ܠ ܐ˪ܠ‬଒ ദ‫ ܠ ܜ‬଒ ଒କ ঺ণ଒ ഩ ଒କ ‫ ܠ‬ଓ ঺ণଓ ‫ ܠ‬ଔ ദ ˥ ‫ ܠ ܜ‬ଔ ଒କ ঺ণଔ ഩ EFWPMWFS ‫ܐ˪ܠ‬ $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ "MHPSJUNP ,NFBOT -P QSJNFSP RVF TF EFCF EFTUBDBS EFM BMHPSJUNP EF ,NFBOT FT RVF B EJGFSFODJB EF MPT BMHPSJUNPT BOUFSJPSFT RVF TFHNFOUBCBO MBT JN¡HFOFT DPO UFDOJDBT EF VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O FTUF MP IBDF QPS NFEJP EF MB BHSVQBDJ³O EF QYFMFT FO SFHJPOFT &TUP IBDF RVF FTUF BMHPSJUNP TFB NVZ EJGFOUF EFM SFTUP Z RVF OP CBTF TVT GVOEBNFOUPT UF³SJDPT FO FM NBOFKP EFM IJTUPHSBNB *ODMVZF UBNCJ©O MB QPTJCJMJEBE EJSFDUB EF IBDFS TFHNFOUBDJ³O DPO N¡T EF VO PCKFUP ZB RVF MB ‫ ۾‬JOEJDB FM OºNFSP EF SFHJPOFT FO MBT RVF TF EJWJEJS¡ MB JNBHFO 1BSB QPEFS PCUFOFS DBEB VOB EF MBT SFHJPOFT EFCFSFNPT FODPOUSBS MPT QYFMFT ‫ ܥ ܤ‬RVF QFSUFOFDFO B DBEB VOB &TUF TF DPOTJHVF DPO MB NJOJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB GVODJ³O EF DPTUF RVF EBEPT MPT DFOUSPT ভ଒ Ɨ ভ‫ ܚ‬TF EF੗OF DPNP ‫܁‬Θ‫܀‬ ଓ ‫ ۽‬೎ ഈഈ‫ ˥ ܕܥ ܤ ܝ‬ভ‫ ܕܐ‬ഈഈ ‫ܕ‬଒ &O WJTUB EF MP BOUFJPS TF EF੗OJS¡ MB QFSUFOFODJB EF VO QJYFM B VO DFOUSP ‫ ܗܐ‬DPNP ଓ ‫ ܚܕܙ‬ഈഈ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ ܝ‬ভ ‫ܗ‬ഈഈ ‫ܗ‬଒Ɨ‫۾‬ 1BSB QPEFS BDUVBMJ[BS MPT DFOUSPT EFCFSFNPT IBDFS MB NJOJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB GVODJ³O EF DPTUF RVF FWJEFOUFNFOUF TF PCUFOES¡ FO BRVFM MVHBS EPOEF MB EFSJWBEB TF IBHB ܑ ଓ ೎ ഈഈ‫ ˥ ܕܥ ܤ ܝ‬ভ‫ ܗ‬ഈഈ ˥ ೎ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ ܝ‬ভ‫ ܗ‬ ܑভ‫ܗܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ˛ܕ ܗ‬ ‫ܗܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ˛ܕ‬ QPS MP RVF DBEB VOP EF MPT DFOUSPT TF FODPOUSBS¡ DPNP ভ‫ ܗ‬ ೎ ‫ܕܥ ܤ ܝ‬ ^‫ܗܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ˛ܕ ^ ܗܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ‬ 4F EFCF UFOFS FO DVFOUB RVF BM PCUFOFS VOB SFHJ³O UFOFNPT RVF CVTDBS VO N©UPEP QBSB QPEFS SFQSFTFOUBSMB Z PQFSBS DPO FMMB %FCJEP B MB HSBO DBOUJEBE EF EBUPT RVF EJTQPOESBNPT EF DBEB VOB TF FTUJNB RVF MB NFKPS GPSNB EF JEFOUJ੗DBSMB FT DPO TV DFOUSP ভ‫ ܅‬ $PNP TF QPES¡ PCTFSWBS QBSB FM D¡MDVMP EF MPT DFOUSPT TF OFDFTJUB DPOPDFS MB QFSUFOFODJB EF DBEB VOP EF MPT QYFMFT Z QBSB PCUFOFS MB QFSUFOFODJB FT OFDFTBSJP EJTQPOFS EF MPT DFOUSPT &TUB QBSBEPKB IBDF RVF OPT TFB JNQPTJCMF DPNFO[BS FM QSPDFTP TJ OP FT BTJHOBOEP VOPT QSJNFSPT EBUPT BM B[BS Z FTQFSBOEP B RVF FM BMHPSJUNP DPOWFSKB DPOGPSNF FM OºNFSP EF JUFSBDJPOFT DSF[DB .©UPEPT BMHPSUNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM 1PS ºMUJNP EFCFNPT TF±BMBS RVF QBSB RVF FM CVDMF UFOHB VOB DPOEJDJ³O EF QBSBEB FTUB TFS¡ QVFTUB FO GVODJ³O EFM FSSPS ZB RVF DPNP TF IB NPTUSBEP FTUF JS¡ EJTNJOVZFOEP IBTUB FTUBCJMJ[BSTF "T NJTNP BM UFSNJOBS EF QSPDFTBS MB JNBHFO EFCFSFNPT EFWPMWFSMB ZB RVF OP EF EJTQPOF EF VO VNCSBM ‫ ܠ‬RVF EJWJEB MB NJTNB "MHPSJUNP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O QPS NFEJP EF ‫ܗ‬NFBOT &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ‫ ܄‬FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT QYFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ‫ ˥ ۿ‬Z FM OºNFSP EF DMBTFT ‫ ۾‬RVF TF EFTFBO PCUFOFS 4BMJEB -B JNBHFO VNCSBMJ[BEB FO EPT SFHJPOFT DPO EPT UPOPT EF HSJT EJGFSFOFT ‫܎ܑ܎ܠܚܒܙܔܒ܆ܔܙܕ‬ / ੗MBT2 . DPMVNOBT2 ভ BMFBUPSJPT, + \$PTUF^ SFQFUJS +BOU + QBSB ‫ ܕ‬IBTUB / IBDFS QBSB ‫ ܖ‬IBTUB . IBDFS ଓ + + ‫ܗܚܕܙ‬଒Ɨ‫ ۾‬ഈഈ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ ܝ‬ভ ‫ܗ‬ഈഈ ࣲO QBSB ࣲO QBSB QBSB ‫ ܗ‬IBTUB , IBDFS ভ ‫ ܖ‬ ଒ ^‫^ ܗܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ‬ ˤ ‫ܗܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ˛ܕ‬ ‫ܕܥ ܤ ܝ‬ ࣲO QBSB IBTUB RVF + ̳ +BOU QBSB ‫ ̉ ܖ‬IBTUB ‫ ۾‬IBDFS JNH4FHNFOUBEB JNH4FHNFOUBEB ˤ‫ ܞܒܠܟܡܘܐ˛ܕ‬ভ ‫ܕ‬ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS JNH4FHNFOUBEB ‫ܖ‬ $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ &YQFSJNFOUP TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MB GVODJ³O 3&' QPS MB GVODJ³O EF %PNCJ FO FM BMHPSJUNP EF NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE &YQMJDBDJ³O EFM FYQFSJNFOUP &O FTUF QSJNFS FYQFSJNFOUP QSFUFOEFNPT DPOPDFS D³NP TF QVFEFO BEBQUBS MBT GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ RVF IFNPT EFTDSJUP FO QBSB MB TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MBT GVODJPOFT 3&' FO MB DSFBDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT 4F IBO MMFWBEP B DBCP FYQFSJNFOUPT DPO DBTJ JN¡HFOFT &OUSF UPEPT FTUPT FYQFSJNFOUPT B DPOUJOVBDJ³O TF QSFTFOUBO MPT N¡T SFFMFWBOUFT 1BSB FMMP TF UPNBS¡O MBT JN¡HFOFT RVF TF NVFTUSBO FO MB ੗HVSB 4F NVFTUSBO KVOUP DPO TVT IJTUPHSBNBT BT DPNP MBT JN¡HFOFT ZB VNCSBMJ[BEBT QPS QBSUF EF VO FYQFSUP TJ FYJTUFO &O QSJNFS MVHBS TF QSPDFTBS¡O MBT JN¡HFOFT UPNBOEP FM QBS¡NFUSP ‫ ܣ‬UBOUP QBSB ‫ܤ‬ DPNP QBSB ‫ ܥ‬%FTQV©T Z B MB WJTUB EF VOPT SFTVMUBEPT WBSJBCMFT TF UPNB MB EFUFSNJOBDJ³O EF BNQMJBS FM SBOHP EF QFTPT QPS MP RVF TF QSFQBSB VOB QSVFCB QBSB MPT WBMPSFT Z 1PS ºMUJNP QBSB QPEFS DPOPDFS MB FGFDUJWJEBE EF UPEPT FTUPT SFTVMUBEPT TPO DPNQBSBEPT DPOUSB FM BMHPSJUNP EF NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE PSJHJOBM UPNBOEP DPNP FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB UPEBT MBT GVODJPOFT RVF TF IBO FOVNFSBEP BOUFSJPSNFOUF FO E¡OEPMF FTQFDJBM JNQPSUBODJB B MB ‫܅‬۸۹ ‫ ˥ ܥ ܤ‬ഈ‫ܥ ˥ ܤ‬ഈ BT DPNP DPO UPEPT MPT EFN¡T BMHPSJUNPT FYQMJDBEPT FO FM BQBSUBEP EF MB TFDDJ³O BOUFSJPS 1BSB QPEFS DPOPDFS EF GPSNB FNQSJDB MB EJGFSFODJB FOUSF EPT JNBHFOFT TFHNFOUBEBT TF DBMDVMB QBSB UPEBT FMMBT FM FSSPS DVBES¡UJDP NFEJP 4F QVFEF FYQSFTBS FM FSSPS DPNP ۸۶‫܄ ܄ ܀‬ƚ ˤ‫ ܁‬ˤ‫ ܀‬ദ‫ܝ ˥ ܥ ܤ ܝ‬ƚ ‫ܥ ܤ‬ഩ ‫ܤ‬଒ ‫ܥ‬଒ ‫ ܁‬Θ‫܀‬ ଓ 1BSB QPEFS DPOPDFS D³NP BDUVB FM BMHPSJUNP GSFOUF BM SVJEP TF IBO QSFQBSBEP JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP HBVTJBOP DPO NFEJB ভ Z WBSJBO[B ঴ଓ 5BNCJ©O TF IBO QSFQBSBEP DPO SVJEP JNQVMTJWP EF ۜEF TBM Z QJNJFOUB‫ ۝‬DPO EFOTJEBE EF QSPCBCJMJEBE EFM SVJEP ܑ Z ܑ 4F QSFTFOUBO MBT JN¡HFOFT ZB USBUBEBT FO MB ੗HVSB 1PS PUSB QBSUF TF QSVFCB B WFS D³NP SFTJTUF FM BMHPSJUNP DPO JN¡HFOFT EF CBKP Z BMUP DPOUSBTUF &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ B ۜ4JMMB‫۝‬ C )JTUPHSBNB D ۜ#MPRVFT‫۝‬ E 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP F )JTUSPHSBNB ৐ ۜ&OHSBOBKF‫۝‬ H 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP I )JTUSPHSBNB J ۜ-FUSBT‫۝‬ K 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP L )JTUSPHSBNB M ۜ4PNCSB‫۝‬ N 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP O )JTUSPHSBNB 'JHVSB *N¡HFOFT VUJMJ[BEBT FO FM FYQFSJNFOUP Z TJHVJFOUFT $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ 3FTVMUBEPT &O MB UBCMB TF QVFEFO BQSFDJBS MPT SFTVMUBEPT QBSB MB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O EF DBEB VOB EF MBT JN¡HFOFT Z EJGFSFOUFT ‫ ܣ‬4F EJTQPOF UBNCJ©O EF MB UBCMB EPOEF TF FYQSFTBO MPT VNCSBMFT QBSB PUSPT BMHPSJUNPT &O MB DPNQBSBDJ³O EF BNCBT 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TJUVBDJ³O Z TBCJFOEP RVF MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O RVF TF VUJMJ[B QBSB MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT IBDF OFDFTBSJP RVF MB DPOEJDJ³O BOUFSJPS TF DVNQMB EF GPSNB QMFOB TF JOUFOUB SFFTDSJCJS MB GVODJ³O EF QFSUFOFODJB B MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT %F FTUB GPSNB TF BQMJDB B UPEPT MPT FYQFSJNFOUPT RVF TF IBO NPTUSBEP BOUFSJPSNFOUF FTUB OVFWB GVODJ³O FDVBDJ³O ϴ Ϩ Ϸ ϩ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ‫ ܚܕܙ‬ϩϩϩϪ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ভ‫ ܝ ܠ܄‬Ϸ Ϩ Ϸ Ϸ ϩ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ‫ ܚܕܙ‬ϩϩϩϪ Ϸ ϶ ϫ ଓ‫ܝ‬ ܏ Ϭ ദ ദ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩ ദ ˥ ଓ‫ܙ‬ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩഩ Ϭ ϬϬ ଓ‫܏ܙ‬ ଓ‫܏ܙ‬ ദ ദ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩ ദ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩഩ ϭ ϫ ଓ‫ܝ‬ ଒ ‫ܛ‬ ദ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ Ϭ ഩ ദ ˥ ଓ‫ܙ‬ ଓദ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩഩ Ϭ ϬϬ ଓ‫ܛܙ‬ ଓ‫ܛܙ‬ ଒ ദ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩ ദ ˥ ‫˥ۿ‬଒ ഩഩ ϭ ଓദ ଒ ଓ ଒ ଓ TJ TJ ‫ܠ̷ܝ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ܠ‬ 3FTVMUBEPT -B PQDJ³O RVF TF IB QSPQVFTUP BOUFSJPSNFOUF IB UFOJEP SFTVMUBEPT NVZ NBMPT EF IFDIP NVDIP QFPSFT RVF MBT QSFTFOUBEBT FO MBT TFDDJPOFT BOUFJSPSFT 1PS FTB SB[³O Z ºOJDBNFOUF B NPEP EF FKFNQMP FO MBT UBCMBT Z TF QVFEFO WFS BMHVOPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT &TUF BMHPSJUNP FT QPS UBOUP EFTFDIBEP EF GPSNB DPNQMFUB 4F BDBCB DPODMVZFOEP RVF MBT GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ OP QVFEFO TVTUJUVJS EJSFDUBNFOUF B GVODJPOFT 3&' UBM Z DPNP FM BVUPS TVHFSB 1PS FTUB SB[³O MB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O DPO MPT N©UPEPT BOUFSJPSFT QSFTFOUBS¡ SFTVMUBEPT IFUFSFPH©OFPT MP RVF IBDF RVF OP TFB VO N©UPEP ºUJM QBSB TV VUJMJ[BDJ³O IBCJUVBM &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ ‫ ܣ‬ ‫ ܣ‬ ‫ ܣ‬ ‫ܣ‬ ‫ ܣ‬ ‫ ܣ‬ ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܣ‬ 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 6NCSBM ‫ ܠ‬ 5JFNQP T 4JMMB #MPRVFT &OHSBOBKF -FUSBT 4PNCSB 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT Z UJFNQP EF D³NQVUP QBSB DBEB JNBHFO DPO FM BMHPSJUNP SFFTDSJUP B USBW©T EF GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ "MH " "MH # "MH $ 3VJEP HBVTJBOP 3VJEP JNQVMTJWP 3VJEP JNQVMTJWP 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB WFSTJ³O EFM BMHPSJUNP SFFTDSJUP DPO JN¡HFOFT SVJEPTBT $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" &O FTUF DBQUVMP TF MMFWBS¡O B DBCP PUSP UJQP EF QSVFCBT TPCSF MPT BMHPSJUNPT QSFTFOUBEPT 1BSB FMMP FO QSJNFS MVHBS TF FYQMJDBS¡ FM NPEP FO FM RVF TF NPEJ੗DBS¡O MPT BMHPSJUNPT QSFTFOUBEPT FO MB TFDDJ³O %FTQV©T TF QSFTFOUBS¡O MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT DPO FTUBT G³SNVMBT IBDJFOEP IJODBQJ© FO MPT N¡T JOUFSFTBOUFT &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" &YQFSJNFOUP TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB QPS GVODJPOFT 08" FO MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT 1BSB UPEPT MPT FYQFSJNFOUPT RVF TF EJTQPOFO FO FTUF DBQUVMP UPNBSFNPT MB EFUFSNJOBDJ³O EF TVTUJUVJS MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB RVF TF VUJMJ[B FO MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT EFG Z QPS VOB GVODJ³O 08" EF UJQP ۜMB NBZPSB EF‫ ۝‬EFG 1BSB FMMP FT JNQPSUBOUF EFTUBDBS FM IFDIP EF RVF IBCS¡ RVF JOUSPEVDJS UPEPT MPT EBUPT FO GPSNB OPSNBMJ[BEB DPO WBMPSFT FO = ? &O DPODSFUP TF VUJMJ[BS¡O EPT QPTJCJMJEBEFT EF GVODJPOFT 08" -B QSJNFSB EF FMMBT 08" DSFB MPT QFTPT TFHºO MB FDVBDJ³O IBCJFOEP PSEFOBEP FM WFDUPS FO GVODJ³O EFM IJTUPHSBNB &O FM TFHVOEP DBTP 08" DSFBSFNPT MPT QFTPT EF JHVBM NBOFSB QFSP FO FM NPNFOUP EF BQMJDBSMPT MPT NVMUJQMJDBSFNPT QPS MB GVODJ³O ǻ ‫ ܝ‬RVF MFT DPSSFTQPOEB $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" &YQMJDBDJ³O EFM FYQFSJNFOUP &O FTUF QSJNFS FYQFSJNFOUP TF TVTUJUVJS¡ MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB FO MB DSFBDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT FO FM BMHPSJUNP 4F IBS¡ DPO MBT EPT PQDJPOFT EF 08" QSFTFOUBEBT 4F DPOPDF EF BOUFNBOP RVF EFCJEP B MB OFDFTJEBE EFM D¡MDVMP EF MPT QFTPT FM UJFNQP EF DPNQVUBDJ³O DSFDFS¡ CBTUBOUF GSFOUF B MB WFSTJ³O PSJHJOBM 3FTVMUBEPT &O MBT UBCMBT Z TF NVFTUSBO MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT QBSB UPEBT MBT JN¡HFOFT RVF TF UPNBO DPNP NVFTUSB 4F IB EF EFTUBDBS RVF FTUF FYQFSJNFOUP BM JHVBM RVF UPEPT TF IB MMFWBEP B DBCP DPO VO DPOKVOUP EF DBTJ JN¡HFOFT EF MBT RVF TF QSFTFOUBO MBT N¡T TJHOJ੗DBUJWBT 4F QVFEF PCTFSWBS RVF DMBSBNFOUF MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT TPO FYUSFNBEBNFOUF BMFKBEPT EF MB SFBMJEBE 4F DSFBO ºOJDBNFOUF VNCSBMFT RVF OP QFSNJUFO MMFWBS B DBCP OJOHVOB TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF GPSNB BEFDVBEB QPS MP RVF TF PNJUF MB QSFTFOUBDJ³O EF MPT SFTVMUBEPT HS¡੗DPT BT DPNP EF MPT FSSPSFT FO FTUF FYQFSJNFOUP &YQFSJNFOUP TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB QPS GVODJPOFT 08" FO MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT QBSB FM BMHPSJUNP DPO GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ &YQMJDBDJ³O EFM FYQFSJNFOUP 1BSB FTUF FYQFSJNFOUP TF TVTUJUVJS¡ MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB FO MB DSFBDJ³O EFM OVNFSBEPS OFDFTBSJP FO FM BMHPSJUNP %F OVFWP TF IBS¡ DPO MBT EPT PQDJPOFT EF 08" QSFTFOUBEBT %F GPSNB SFDVSSFOUF UBNCJ©O TF UJFOF FO DVFOUB RVF FM UJFNQP EF D³NQVUP TVCJS¡ EF GPSNB FYUSBPSEJOBSJB N¡T BVO TJ SFDPSEBNPT RVF FTUF BMHPSJUNP JOJDJBMNFOUF IBDB QPDPT D¡MDVMPT Z QPS UBOUP VUJMJ[B QPDP UJFNQP 3FTVMUBEPT 4J TF FTUVEJBO MBT UBCMBT Z TF FODPOUSBS¡O EF OVFWP VOPT SFTVMUBEPT EFDFQDJPOBOUFT QBSB MB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O MMFWBEB B DBCP &YDFQUP FO DBTPT DPODSFUPT UPEPT FMMPT EFQFOEJFOUFT EF ষ଒ ‫ܤ‬଑ଖ Z ষଓ ‫ ܤ‬ &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" 4JMMB .FEJB 08" 08" #MPRVFT "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" -FUSBT .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ &OHSBOBKF "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ 4PNCSB "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 3 HBVTJBOP "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ੷ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ‫ۅۄۑ‬ੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ੷ 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" QBSB JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" 4F QVFEF PCTFSWBS RVF DMBSBNFOUF MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT TPO FYUSFNBEBNFOUF BMFKBEPT EF MB SFBMJEBE 4F DSFBO ºOJDBNFOUF VNCSBMFT RVF OP QFSNJUFO MMFWBS B DBCP OJOHVOB TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF GPSNB BEFDVBEB QPS MP RVF TF PNJUF MB QSFTFOUBDJ³O EF MPT SFTVMUBEPT HS¡੗DPT BT DPNP EF MPT FSSPSFT FO FTUF FYQFSJNFOUP 4JMMB "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" #MPRVFT "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" &OHSBOBKF "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" -FUSBT "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" 4PNCSB "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" $BQUVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 3 HBVTJBOP "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ੷ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" QBSB JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP &YQFSJNFOUP TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB QPS GVODJPOFT 08" FO MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT 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