1 - Revista Cubana de Informática Médica

6$/8' SURSRVLFLyQ GH XQ GLVHxR \ SUHPLVDV WHyULFDV GH XQD KLVWRULD
FOtQLFDFRPSXWDUL]DGDSDUDODDWHQFLyQKRVSLWDODULD
'U%RULV/*DOD/ySH]
(VSHFLDOLVWDHQ&LUXJtD*HQHUDO\0DVWHUHQ&LHQFLDVHQ,QIRUPiWLFD0pGLFD
+RVSLWDO+HUPDQRV$PHLMHLUDV
&RUUHVSRQGHQFLD&DOOHH\3OD\D
&+DEDQD&XED&3
EJDOD#LQIRPHGVOGFX
5HVXPHQ
8QRGHORVHOHPHQWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHQODPHGLFLQDLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVODKLVWRULD
FOtQLFD VLQ HPEDUJR VX DSOLFDFLyQ KD HQIUHQWDGR GLYHUVDV GLILFXOWDGHV TXH VH
KDQ KHFKR HYLGHQWHV GXUDQWH OD SUiFWLFD GLDULD ODV FXDOHV KDQ SURYRFDGR XQ
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR SRFR HILFLHQWH GHO HQJUDQDMH KRVSLWDODULR (Q HVWH WUDEDMR VH
SURSRQH XQ GLVHxR SDUD FRQFHELU XQD KLVWRULD FOtQLFD FRPSXWDUL]DGD TXH
SHUPLWDVXSHUDUODVOLPLWDFLRQHV\DSUHVHQWHVHQHOIRUPDWRDFWXDO(VWDLGHDVH
GHQRPLQy6$/8'
6H HQXPHUDQ SUHPLVDV D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD SDUD HO GLVHxR GH HVWD KLVWRULD
FRPSXWDUL]DGD VHSURSRQHXQDHVWUXFWXUDEDVDGDHQPyGXORVLQWHUDFWXDQWHV
HQFDUJDGRV GH DGPLQLVWUDU OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO SDFLHQWH GH IRUPD OyJLFD \
HILFLHQWH
6$/8'SXGLHUDJHQHUDUXQDKHUUDPLHQWDSDUDKDFHUGHQXHVWUDKLVWRULDFOtQLFD
XQ GRFXPHQWR HILFLHQWH \ ~WLO SRU OR TXH VX LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ UHYHUWLUtD HQ XQD
PHMRUJHVWLyQGHQWURODDVLVWHQFLDPpGLFD
3DODEUDV FODYHV +LVWRULD FOtQLFD HOHFWUyQLFD +LVWRULD FOtQLFD FRPSXWDUL]DGD
6LVWHPDV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ KRVSLWDODULD $WHQFLyQ VHFXQGDULD (OHFWURQLF SDWLHQW
UHFRUG
$EVWUDFW
2QH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW HOHPHQWV ZLWKLQ KHDOWK FDUH LV WKH FOLQLFDO UHFRUG
KRZHYHU GXULQJ GDLO\ SUDFWLFH PXOWLSOH OLPLWDWLRQV KDV DULVHQ GLPLQLVKLQJ WKH
HIILFLHQF\ RI WKH KRVSLWDO PHFKDQLVP ,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH SURSRVH D GHVLJQ WR
FUHDWH DQ HOHFWURQLF YHUVLRQ RI WKH UHFRUG ZKLFK FRXOG RYHUFRPH WKRVH
VKRUWFRPLQJVSUHVHQWRQWKHFXUUHQWIRUPDW7KLVGHVLJQLVQDPHG6$/8'
)HDWXUHV IRU QHZ IRUPDW DUH PDGH DQG D VWUXFWXUH LV SURSRVHG EDVHG RQ
LQWHUDFWLQJPRGXOHVGHDOLQJZLWKSDWLHQW¶VLQIRUPDWLRQLQDORJLFDOIDVKLRQ
6$/8'FRXOGEHFRPHLQDYLDEOHWRROZKLFKFRXOGLPSURYHRXUFXUUHQWFOLQLFDO
UHFRUGLQWKHFRQWH[WRIDEHWWHUKHDOWKFDUHPDQDJHPHQW
,QWURGXFFLyQ
(O HQRUPH LQFUHPHQWR GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR PpGLFR KD RULJLQDGR XQ FUHFLHQWH
Q~PHUR GH HVSHFLDOLGDGHV ODV FXDOHV D VX YH] FRQGXFHQ D JUXSRV
PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULRVTXHWLHQHQVXFOtPD[HQHOQLYHOVHFXQGDULRGHDWHQFLyQ
8QRGHORVHOHPHQWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHQODPHGLFLQDLQVWLWXFLRQDO\KRVSLWDODULD
HVODKLVWRULDFOtQLFD(OODUHFRJH\FRPXQLFDHOSHQVDPLHQWRPpGLFRUHIOHMDQGR
REVHUYDFLRQHV GLDJQyVWLFRV H LQWHUYHQFLRQHV HQ HO FXUVR GH XQR R YDULRV
SUREOHPDV GH VDOXG VLQ HPEDUJR VX DSOLFDFLyQ WUDGLFLRQDO KD HQIUHQWDGR
GLYHUVDVGLILFXOWDGHVTXHVHKDQKHFKRHYLGHQWHVGXUDQWHODSUiFWLFDGLDULD
/DKLVWRULDTXHFRQRFHPRVHQIRUPDWRGHSDSHOVRORSXHGHH[LVWLUHQXQOXJDU\
HQ XQ PRPHQWR GHWHUPLQDGR 6X HVFULWXUD SXHGH VHU SREUH LOHJLEOH H
LQFRPSOHWD OR TXH VLQ GXGDV GLILFXOWD OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GHO PHQVDMH TXH VH
SUHWHQGH HQYLDU 2WUD JUDQ OLPLWDFLyQ HV TXH VROR SXHGH FRQWULEXLU GH IRUPD
SDVLYDDODWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHVORTXHGLILFXOWDHODQiOLVLVFRQILQHVFLHQWtILFRVR
GHSODQHDPLHQWRGHHVWUDWHJLDVGHVDOXG
(O 0LQLVWHULR GH 6DOXG3~EOLFD GH&XED0,16$3WLHQHHQWUHVXVREMHWLYRVOD
LQIRUPDWL]DFLyQGHODDWHQFLyQPpGLFD\FRPRXQDGHVXVWDUHDVSULRULWDULDVOD
FUHDFLyQ GH XQD KLVWRULD FOtQLFD HOHFWUyQLFD (Q HVWH WUDEDMR VH SURSRQH OD
H[SRVLFLyQ GH WpFQLFDV GH LQIRUPiWLFD SDUD FRQFHELU XQD KLVWRULD FOtQLFD
FRPSXWDUL]DGD TXH SHUPLWD VXSHUDU ODV OLPLWDFLRQHV SUHVHQWHV HQ HO IRUPDWR
DFWXDO3DUDHOORVHRIUHFHXQGLVHxRFRQFHSWXDOGHORTXHVHUtDQODVSUHPLVDV
DWHQHUHQFXHQWDDODKRUDGHFRQVWUXLUODKLVWRULDHQFXHVWLyQ\XQHVER]RGH
VX HVWUXFWXUD PiV HOHPHQWDO HQ HO QLYHO GH DWHQFLyQ VHFXQGDULR 7RGR HOOR VH
KDHQPDUFDGRHQXQGLVHxRGHQRPLQDGR6$/8'HQIUDQFDDSRORJtDDQXHVWUR
SURSyVLWRIXQGDPHQWDO
$QWHFHGHQWHVGHODKLVWRULDFOtQLFD
/DKLVWRULDFOtQLFDVHGHILQHFRPRXQDUHFRSLODFLyQGHODLQIRUPDFLyQDFHUFDGH
OD HQIHUPHGDG GH XQ LQGLYLGXR (Q HOOD VH GHVFULEHQ KDOOD]JRV
FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV UHVXOWDGRV GH LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV \ GHWDOOHV GHO WUDWDPLHQWR
UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD HQIHUPHGDG PLVPD (Q HO VLJOR 9 DQWHV GH QXHVWUD HUD
+LSyFUDWHVLQIOXHQFLyVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHODQDUUDWLYDPpGLFDVHxDODQGRVXVGRV
SURSyVLWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
'HEHUHIOHMDUH[DFWDPHQWHHOFXUVRGHODHQIHUPHGDG
'HEHLQGLFDUODSRVLEOHFDXVDGHODHQIHUPHGDG
8QD SUHJXQWD LQWHUHVDQWH VHUtD HQ TXp PHGLGD VH DMXVWD D HVWH SURSyVLWR OD
DFWXDO KLVWRULD FOtQLFD XWLOL]DGD SRU QXHVWUR VLVWHPD GH VDOXG &RPR FDEUtD
HVSHUDUHVWHGRFXPHQWRVHXWLOL]DIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHSDUDDSR\DUODDVLVWHQFLD
PpGLFD VLQ HPEDUJR ORV ~OWLPRV DYDQFHV HQ OD PHGLFLQD KDQ FRPSOHML]DGR
HVWD IXQFLyQ GH PDQHUD VLJQLILFDWLYD \ OD UHDOLGDG HV TXH DFWXDOPHQWH H[LVWH
XQD JUDQ GHPDQGD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH ORV SDFLHQWHV SDUD RWUDV DFWLYLGDGHV
TXHGLILHUHQGHODDVLVWHQFLDSXUD $OJXQRVGHORVXVRVDFWXDOHVTXHKDQVLGR
FODUDPHQWHLGHQWLILFDGRVSDUDFRQODKLVWRULDFOtQLFDKDQVLGR
x %ULQGDUDVLVWHQFLDPpGLFD
x
x
x
x
Ÿ )XHQWHGHHYDOXDFLyQ\WRPDGHGHFLVLRQHV
Ÿ ,QIRUPDFLyQSDUDGLVWULEXLUHQWUH ORVSURIHVLRQDOHVLQYROXFUDGRV
)LQHVLQYHVWLJDWLYRV
Ÿ ,QYHVWLJDFLyQFOtQLFD
Ÿ (VWXGLRVHSLGHPLROyJLFRV
Ÿ 'HWHUPLQDFLRQHVGHFDOLGDGGHYLGD
Ÿ 9LJLODQFLDIDUPDFROyJLFD
(GXFDFLyQFRQWLQXDGD
6RSRUWHOHJDOSDUDODVDFFLRQHVPpGLFDV
$GPLQLVWUDFLyQGHODDVLVWHQFLDPpGLFD\VHUYLFLRVDILQHV
Ÿ (VWXGLRGHFRVWRV
Ÿ )DFLOLGDGHVGHFREUR\UHHPEROVR
/D+LVWRULD&OtQLFD&RPSXWDUL]DGD
/D FUHFLHQWH GHPDQGD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ DGHFXDGDPHQWH HVWUXFWXUDGD HQ
FRPELQDFLyQ FRQ XQ PDUFDGR GHVDUUROOR HQ OD FLHQFLD FRPSXWDFLRQDO KD
SHUPLWLGR HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD KLVWRULD FOtQLFD FRPSXWDUL]DGD +&& /DV
FRPSXWDGRUDVSHUPLWHQPHMRUDUODOHJLELOLGDGODDFFHVLELOLGDG\ODHVWUXFWXUDGH
ODLQIRUPDFLyQDXQTXHGHPDQGDFXLGDGRVHVSHFLDOHVHQODUHFRJLGDGHGDWRV
/RVSULPHURVSDVRVGHOD+&&IXHURQHQDPELHQWHVKRVSLWDODULRV\HQIRFDGDV
KDFLD DTXHOODV HVIHUDV IiFLOHV GH HVWUXFWXUDU WDOHV FRPR GLDJQyVWLFRV
H[iPHQHV GH ODERUDWRULR \ WUDWDPLHQWRV PHGLFDPHQWRVRV /D QDUUDWLYD FOtQLFD
DQWHFHGHQWHVH[DPHQItVLFRKDUHVXOWDGRSRUHOFRQWUDULR PXFKRPiVGLItFLO
GHUHFRJHUHQIRUPDHVWUXFWXUDGDSRUORTXHODPD\RUtDGHORVHVIXHU]RVGHORV
JUXSRVTXHDFWXDOPHQWHWUDEDMDQHVWHFDPSRHVWiQGLULJLGRVDSHUIHFFLRQDUOD
FRQFHSFLyQ\SURFHVDPLHQWRGHODQDUUDWLYD
$OJXQRV DXWRUHV FRQVLGHUDQ TXH OD DWHQFLyQ VHFXQGDULD GHEtD WHQHU PD\RU
QLYHO GH LQIRUPDWL]DFLyQ TXH OD SULPDULD SXHV DO FRQWUDULR GH ORV PpGLFRV GH
IDPLOLD TXH WUDWDQ D VXV SDFLHQWHV SRU ODUJRV SHUtRGRV ORV HVSHFLDOLVWDV GHO
QLYHO VHFXQGDULR XVXDOPHQWH VH HQIUHQWDQ D LQIRUPDFLyQ IUDJPHQWDGD \
HYHQWXDO GHO SDFLHQWH TXH WUDWDQ OD UHDOLGDG HV TXH OD LQIRUPDWL]DFLyQ GH OD
KLVWRULD FOtQLFD KRVSLWDODULD D~Q SHUPDQHFH HQ OD H[FOXVLYLGDG ,QFOXVR HQ OD
PD\RUtDGHORVSDtVHVGRQGHOD+&&HVXQDUHDOLGDGORVHVSHFLDOLVWDVGHQLYHO
VHFXQGDULRQRHPSOHDQDSOHQLWXGVXVERQGDGHVGHELGRIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHD
OD UHWLFHQFLD GH ORV DGPLQLVWUDGRUHV GH VDOXG D DVHJXUDU ORV UHFXUVRV
QHFHVDULRV
1XHVWUR 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH 6DOXG D SHVDU GH QR FRQWDU FRQ VXILFLHQWHV
UHFXUVRV WLHQH P~OWLSOHV IDFLOLGDGHV TXH SHUPLWHQ OD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ GH HVWRV
VLVWHPDVSDUDKDFHUPiVHILFLHQWHHOSURFHVRGHDWHQFLyQPpGLFD6LQGXGDVOD
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDPiVLPSRUWDQWHHVVXFDUiFWHUFHQWUDOL]DGR\ODYROXQWDGFRP~Q
GHFUHFHU
(OVLVWHPDGHLQIRUPDFLyQKRVSLWDODULD
'XUDQWH ODV GpFDGDV GH ORV V \ ORV V VH UHDOL]DURQ P~OWLSOHV HVIXHU]RV
SDUD SHUIHFFLRQDU ORV VLVWHPDV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ KRVSLWDODULD 6,+
HVSHFtILFDPHQWH HQ ORV SURFHVRV GH UHFROHFFLyQ GLVWULEXFLyQ LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ \
DOPDFHQDPLHQWRGHORVGDWRV$XQTXHVHKDQREWHQLGRJUDQGHVSURJUHVRVHQ
HVWDHPSUHVDORV6,+DFWXDOHVGLVWDQGHVHUSHUIHFWRV\ODUHDOLGDGHVTXHVH
GHVDUUROODQ QXPHURVDV YHUVLRQHV SDUD PHMRUDU FRQWLQXDPHQWH ORV \D
LPSOHPHQWDGRV
(O 6,+ HVWi FRPSXHVWR SRU YDULRV VLVWHPDV GHQWUR GH ORV FXDOHV UHVDOWD HO
FOtQLFR FRPSXHVWR D VX YH] SRU ORV VXEVLVWHPDV FOtQLFRV GHSDUWDPHQWDOHV \
FOtQLFRV GH DSR\R ILJXUD /D H[LVWHQFLD GH XQ 6,+ HV XQD FRQGLFLyQ
LQGLVSHQVDEOH SDUD HO HPSOHR GH FXDOTXLHU +&& \ SRU HQGH SDUD OD
LPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOGLVHxR6$/8'
6,67(0$6&/Ë1,&26'($32<2
,0$*(12/2*,$
0(',&,1$
)$50$&,$
&,58*,$
/$%25$725,2
3(',$75,$
3$72/2*,$
2%67(75,&,$
6,67(0$6&/Ë1,&26'(3$57$0(17$/(6
)LJXUD(VTXHPDGHO6LVWHPDGH,QIRUPDFLyQ+RVSLWDODULD6,+
3UHPLVDVSDUDXQGLVHxR
3DUD HO GLVHxR GH OD +&& KD\ TXH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD YDULDV SUHPLVDV TXH
FDUDFWHUL]DQ HO IOXMR \ HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH ORV GDWRV VX FXUVR OyJLFR \ VX
HILFLHQFLD D OD YH] GHEH SURFXUDUVH TXH FRQVHUYH ODV FXDOLGDGHV PpGLFDV
WUDGLFLRQDOHV(VWDVVRQ
,GHQWLILFDFLyQGHOXVXDULR FyGLJRSHUVRQDO
6H OH DVLJQD D FDGD XVXDULR PpGLFRV HQIHUPHURV WpFQLFRV X RWUR SHUVRQDO
TXH SHUPLWH VX DFFHVR GH DFXHUGR D VX UDQJR D ORV GLIHUHQWHV QLYHOHV GH
LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO HQIHUPR JDUDQWL]DQGR OD VHJXULGDG \ SULYDFLGDG GH OD
LQIRUPDFLyQPDQHMDGD
5HJLVWUR FRQWUROOHJDOGHWRGRXVXDULRTXHDFFHGDDOD+&&
,GHQWLILFDFLyQGHOSDFLHQWH 1~PHURGHODLGHQWLGDGSHUVRQDO
0~OWLSOHV GHEDWHV VH KDQ RULJLQDGR DFHUFD GH FXDO VHUtD HO SDUiPHWUR GH
LGHQWLILFDFLyQ PiV DGHFXDGR SDUD XQ HQIHUPR $ SHVDU GH ORV LQFRQYHQLHQWHV
DGMXGLFDGRV HO Q~PHUR GH FDUQp GH LGHQWLGDG &, SDUHFH VHU KDVWD HO
PRPHQWR HO LGHQWLILFDGRU PiV FRPSOHWR SDUD ORV FXEDQRV \ FRQ DOJXQDV
UHIRUPDV SXGLHUD FRQYHUWLUVH HQ HO NH\ILHOG FDPSR OODYH GH ORV SDFLHQWHV
PDQHMDGRVSRUQXHVWURV6,+
(QWUDGDGHGDWRV (QWUDGDHVWUXFWXUDGDGHGDWRV
+R\ GtD VH FRQRFHQ ODV YHQWDMDV GH XQD FRUUHFWD HQWUDGD GH GDWRV HOOD HV
HVHQFLDO SDUD GLVSRQHU GH LQIRUPDFLyQ FRQILDEOH \ DGHFXDGD DFHUFD GH ORV
HQIHUPRV DGHPiV GH TXH SHUPLWHQ DFFLRQHV GH WRPD GH GHFLVLyQ \
DFWLYLGDGHV LQYHVWLJDWLYDV $FWXDOPHQWH VH WUDEDMD HQ GRV HVWUDWHJLDV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVSDUDODUHFROHFFLyQGHGDWRV
x 3URFHVDPLHQWRGHOHQJXDMHQDWXUDO3/1
x (QWUDGDHVWUXFWXUDGDGHGDWRV(('
$PEDVHVWUDWHJLDVKDQSUREDGRVHUHIHFWLYDVHQWRGRHOPXQGRDXQTXHH[LVWH
FLHUWD SUHIHUHQFLD SRU OD ~OWLPD GHELGR D VXV PHMRUHV UHVXOWDGRV \ PHQRUHV
UHTXHULPLHQWRV WHFQROyJLFRV 1XHVWUD +&& SXGLHUD XWLOL]DU ODV YHQWDMDV GH OD
((' D WUDYpV GH HILFLHQWHV LQWHUIDFHV JUiILFDV VLPLODUHV D ODV GH VLVWHPDV \D
GHVDUUROODGRV SHUR TXH FRQWHQJDQ XQ GLVHxR PiV IDPLOLDU SDUD HO PpGLFR
FXEDQR (OODV VXPLQLVWUDUtDQ RSFLRQHV SUHGLVHxDGDV SDUD GHVFULELU ORV
KDOOD]JRV\GHEHUiQFRQWHQHUXQDYtDDGLFLRQDOFRPRHOVLVWHPD3HQ3DG
SDUDSURIXQGL]DUHQODGHVFULSFLyQ
)RUPDWR IRUPDWRIDPLOLDU
3DUD TXH HVWD SURSXHVWD LQIRUPiWLFD WHQJD p[LWR HQWUH ORV XVXDULRV HV
SULPRUGLDO PDQWHQHU XQ IRUPDWR IDPLOLDU TXH FRQVHUYH OD PD\RUtD GH ORV
HOHPHQWRVFRQRFLGRVGHIRUPDWDOTXHHOWUDXPD GHODLQWURGXFFLyQWHFQROyJLFD
VHDPHQRU
&RGLILFDFLyQ VLVWHPDVVHPiQWLFRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
8Q GLVHxR D JUDQ HVFDOD FRPR HVWH TXH LQYROXFUD D YDULDV LQVWLWXFLRQHV
UHTXLHUH GH FRPSDWLELOLGDG VHPiQWLFD GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ SDUD HOOR VHUi
QHFHVDULR XWLOL]DU XQD QRPHQFODWXUD FRP~Q TXH SXGLHUD VHU DTXHOOD
FRQWHPSODGD HQ VLVWHPDV VHPiQWLFRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV ,&' 6120(' 5HDG
,&3&HWF
2ULHQWDFLyQ KLVWRULDRULHQWDGDDORVSUREOHPDV
&RQ HVWD HVWUDWHJLD VH OH GD FRQWLQXLGDG D ORV SUREOHPDV LGHQWLILFDGRV HQ ORV
SDFLHQWHV VLJXLHQGR OD HVWUXFWXUD 62',7( 6XEMHWLYR 2EMHWLYR SODQ
',DJQyVWLFR \ SODQ 7(UDSpXWLFR (VWD HVWUXFWXUD PXHVWUD FODUDPHQWH OD OtQHD
GHUD]RQDPLHQWRGHOPpGLFR\SHUPLWHLGHQWLILFDUUiSLGDPHQWHORVSUREOHPDVD
WUDWDU
/RFDOL]DFLyQ WHFQRORJtDGHORVPRWRUHVGHE~VTXHGD
8QDGHODVPD\RUHVOLPLWDFLRQHVGHODKLVWRULDFOtQLFDDFWXDOHVODLQFDSDFLGDG
GH ORFDOL]DU XQD LQIRUPDFLyQ SXQWXDO HQ WLHPSR EUHYH /D +&& GHEH VHU
FDSD] GH VLWXDU FXDOTXLHU KHFKR HQ EUHYH SHUtRGR FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRQ OD
LQIRUPDFLyQUHODFLRQDGDSRUORTXHFRQVLGHURTXHODWHFQRORJtDGHORVPRWRUHV
GHE~VTXHGDVHUtDDGHFXDGDSDUDFXPSOLUHVWHREMHWLYR
7RPDGHGHFLVLRQHV WLSRUHPLQGHUV
/DV KHUUDPLHQWDV GH DSR\R HQ OD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV KDQ SUREDGR VX JUDQ
XWLOLGDG (VWD +&& KDFH DOXVLyQ D XQD GH HOODV ORV UHPLQGHUV TXH
IXQFLRQDUiQFRPRUHFRUGDWRULRVGHFRPSOHPHQWDULRVSHQGLHQWHVPHGLFDFLRQHV
LQFRUUHFWDV HWF \ TXH LQGXGDEOHPHQWH D\XGDUiQ D SHUIHFFLRQDU OD DWHQFLyQ
PpGLFD
6HJXULGDG GH ORV GDWRV 0~OWLSOHV FXLGDGRV GHEHQ WHQHUVH SDUD SURWHJHU OD
LQIRUPDFLyQ DOPDFHQDGD GHELGR D VX YDORU HQ OD SUiFWLFD FOtQLFD \ ODV
LPSOLFDFLRQHV OHJDOHV TXH SXHGHQ GHYHQLU FRQ VX XVR 6H SRGUtD XWLOL]DU
UHVWULFFLRQHV GXUDQWH HO SURFHVR GH HGLFLyQ TXH LPSLGDQ OD DOWHUDFLyQ GH ORV
GDWRV LQWURGXFLGRVSHUPLWLHQGRVRODPHQWH HO XVR GHPHMRUDVDODLQIRUPDFLyQ
DVHQWDGD7DPELpQVHSXHGHQLQFRUSRUDUSURFHVRVGHDXGLWRULDVDORVDFFHVRV
UHJLVWUDGRV FRPR XQD PHGLGD PiV GH VHJXULGDG \ FRQWURO GH OD FDOLGDG GHO
VLVWHPD
)RUPDWR :HE
([KDXVWLYRV VHUiQ ORV GHEDWHV VREUH OD WHFQRORJtD D XWLOL]DU SDUD XQ GLVHxR
FRPR 6$/8'1R HV SURSyVLWR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HOGHHVSHFLILFDUORVOHQJXDMHV
GHSURJUDPDFLyQDXWLOL]DURHOGLVHxRGHWDOODGRGHODVLQWHUIDFHVVLQHPEDUJR
FRQVLGHURTXHVHUtDPX\SURYHFKRVRFRQFHELUHOVLVWHPDHQIRUPDWRZHE RHQ
HVWUHFKD UHODFLyQ FRQ pO SXHV HOOR IDFLOLWDUi ODV IXQFLRQHV FRPXQLFDWLYDV \ GH
DFFHVR
/DFRQFHSFLyQHYHQWXDO
$OGLVHxDUODHVWUDWHJLDGHOD+&&VXUJLyODQHFHVLGDGGHGHILQLUFDGDXQRGH
ORVPRPHQWRVGHODHYROXFLyQFOtQLFDHQWpUPLQRVHYHQWXDOHVTXHH[SUHVDQOD
YDULDEOHWHPSRUDOHQVHQWLGRGHGHSHQGHQFLDGHODVDFFLRQHVGHVDOXG'HWDO
VXHUWHVXUJLHURQFRQFHSWRVTXHFRQVLGHUDPRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVSDUDFRPSUHQGHU
ODHVWUXFWXUDGHOD+&&(VWRVFRQFHSWRVVRQ
(YHQWR PD\RU 0RPHQWR VLJQLILFDWLYR HQ OD HYROXFLyQ FOtQLFD GH XQ SDFLHQWH
TXH GHILQH FDPELR HQ VX HVWDGR GH VDOXG H LQFOX\H XQR R YDULRV HYHQWRV
PHQRUHVHM,QJUHVRDWHQFLyQDPEXODWRULDHWF
(YHQWR PHQRU 0RPHQWR SXQWXDO HQ OD HYROXFLyQ GH XQ SDFLHQWH TXH LQFOX\H
DOJXQD GHODV VLJXLHQWHV DFFLRQHVREVHUYDFLyQ GHFLVLyQ HLQWHUYHQFLyQHQHO
PDUFRGHXQHYHQWRPD\RU
/DHVWUXFWXUD
$O SHQVDU HQ FRPR GLVHxDU XQD KLVWRULD FOtQLFD FRQ IRUPDWR HOHFWUyQLFR TXH
SXGLHUDH[LVWLUHQXQDPELHQWHKRVSLWDODULRVHFRQVLGHUDTXHODPHMRUIRUPDGH
DIURQWDU HO DVXQWR HV PHGLDQWH OD UHSOLFDFLyQ GHO SURFHVR DFWXDO FRQ FLHUWDV
PHMRUDV 3RU WDQWR HO IOXMRJUDPD GH QXHVWUD +&& GHEH VLPXODU HO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOKRVSLWDOSDUDHOFXDOVHFRQVWUX\HHVWHVLVWHPD
3DUD H[SOLFDU HO SURFHVR GH XQD PDQHUD XQLYHUVDO FRQVLGHUHPRV OD DFWLYLGDG
WUDGLFLRQDO GH FXDOTXLHU KRVSLWDO GH XQD IRUPD WRWDOPHQWH JHQHUDOTXHSHUPLWD
VXH[WUDSRODFLyQHQWUHXQR\RWURFHQWUR
7RGR SURFHVR GH DWHQFLyQ PpGLFD FRPLHQ]D FRQ HO DFWR GH UHJLVWUR R
LQVFULSFLyQ GRQGH QR VH DOXGH D SUREOHPD GH VDOXG DOJXQR VLQR TXH VH
LQFRUSRUDXQQXHYRLQGLYLGXRFRQVXVGDWRVJHQHUDOHV
(VWDDFFLyQVHUtDPDQHMDGDSRUXQ0yGXOR'HPRJUiILFR HOFXDOFRQVWLWX\HXQD
GHODVSDUWHVGHO6,+(VWHPyGXORGHPRJUiILFRSUHVHQWD DOQXHYRLQGLYLGXR\
UHVDOWDVXQ~PHURLGHQWLILFDWLYR&, FRPRSDUiPHWURIXQGDPHQWDO
(VWDSUHVHQWDFLyQLQLFLDOGHOGLVHxR6$/8'QRLQFOX\HFREHUWXUDDODDFWLYLGDG
DPEXODWRULD QL DO KRVSLWDO GH GtD 3RU HO QLYHO GH FRPSOHMLGDG TXH DSRUWDUtD D
HVWH WUDEDMR OR FRQVLGHUDPRV WHPD GH LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV SRVWHULRUHV 'H HVWD
PDQHUDHOSURFHVRVHGHVHQFDGHQDDORFXUULUXQHYHQWRPD\RUFRQVWLWXLGRHQ
HVWHFDVRSRUXQLQJUHVRKRVSLWDODULRORFXDOTXHGDUHJLVWUDGRHQHO0yGXORGH
(YHQWRV0D\RUHV
(O HYHQWR LQJUHVR UHFRJHUtD GDWRV WHPSRUDOHV IHFKDKRUD LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH
HO GLDJQyVWLFR OD ORFDOL]DFLyQ 6DOD&DPD \ DFWXDOL]DUtD OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO
0yGXOR'HPRJUiILFR(OSDUiPHWUR6DOD&DPDWHQGUtDXQDLPSRUWDQFLDUHODWLYD
FRQWUDULR DO IRUPDWR DFWXDO SXHV QR HV SRFR IUHFXHQWH HO FDPELR GH YDORU GH
HVWHSDUiPHWURGHQWURGHXQPLVPRLQJUHVR
&RPR HVWH GLVHxR VH SURSRQH FRPR SODWDIRUPD XQLYHUVDO HV HQ HVWH SDVR
GRQGHVHGHILQHODHVWUXFWXUDTXHDGRSWDUiOD+&&HQFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDFRQHO
LQGLFDWLYR GH FDGD KRVSLWDO FRQ HO REMHWLYR GH JHQHUDU PRGHORV HVSHFtILFRV
SDUDFDGDWLSRGHDWHQFLyQSHGLiWULFDGHDGXOWRJHQHUDOREVWpWULFDRGHRWUR
WLSR
6HJXLUtDHQRUGHQOyJLFRXQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHOD+&&HO
0yGXOR %iVLFR &OtQLFR (VWH UHFRJH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ PiV HODERUDGD VREUH HO
SUREOHPDGHVDOXGTXHRULJLQyHOLQJUHVR\FRQVWDGHGLIHUHQWHVVHFFLRQHVTXH
VLPXODQODKLVWRULDFOtQLFDDFWXDO
x $QWHFHGHQWHV SHUVRQDOHVIDPLOLDUHVSHULQDWDOHVREVWpWULFRVSVLFRVRFLDOHV
HWF
x ,QWHUURJDWRULR
x ([DPHQItVLFR
x 'LVFXVLyQGLDJQyVWLFD
x 3URJUDPDGHDWHQFLyQGHHQIHUPHUtD3$(
(VWRV HOHPHQWRV SRU OR JHQHUDO SHUPDQHFHQ LQYDULDEOHV GXUDQWH FXDOTXLHU
LQJUHVRSRUORTXHHVPX\SUREDEOHTXHVHDQHOHPHQWRVGHHQWUDGD~QLFD
$HVWHPyGXOROHVLJXHHO0yGXORGH(YHQWRV0HQRUHVHOFXDOHVWiGHVWLQDGRD
VHU HO GH PD\RU WUDVLHJR GH LQIRUPDFLyQ (Q pO FRPR HVSHFLILFDPRV HQ HO
DQiOLVLV FRQFHSWXDO VH UHFRJHUiQ WRGDV ODV REVHUYDFLRQHV GHFLVLRQHV H
LQWHUYHQFLRQHV
(O JUXHVR GHODV HQWUDGDV GH HVWH PyGXOR HVWDUtDFRQVWLWXLGRSRUODHYROXFLyQ
PpGLFD \ OD GH HQIHUPHUtD DPEDV VLJXLHQGR OD RULHQWDFLyQ SRU SUREOHPDV
PLHQWUDV TXH HO UHVWR HVWDUtD FRQIRUPDGR SRU FRPHQWDULRV UHIHULGRV D
UHGLVFXVLRQHV GLDJQyVWLFDV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV GLDJQyVWLFDV \ WHUDSpXWLFDV X RWUD
LQIRUPDFLyQ UHOHYDQWH 0HQFLyQ HVSHFLDO PHUHFH OD WRPD GH VLJQRV YLWDOHV R
PRQLWRUL]DFLyQFOtQLFD ODFXDOIOXLUiDWUDYpVGHHVWHPyGXOR\VHPRVWUDUiHQ
JUiILFRVGHWHQGHQFLDVTXHUHFXHUGHQDOD\DFRQRFLGD³+RMDGHWHPSHUDWXUD´
8QRGHORVPyGXORVTXHPiVKDUiXVRGHO6,+VHUiLQGXGDEOHPHQWHHO0yGXOR
GH&RPSOHPHQWDULRVHOFXDOHVWDEOHFHUtDXQYtQFXORHQWUHORVVLVWHPDVFOtQLFRV
GH DSR\R \ OD +&& PLVPD(VWHPyGXORHVWDUtDFRQIRUPDGRSRUXQDRYDULDV
LQWHUIDFHVGRQGHVHDGPLQLVWUHLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODLQGLFDFLyQ\ORVUHVXOWDGRV
GH ODV SUXHEDV FRPSOHPHQWDULDV DQiOLVLV GH ODERUDWRULR H[iPHQHV
LPDJHQROyJLFRV HVWXGLRV IXQFLRQDOHV HWF EDVDGR HQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ
DOPDFHQDGD HQ ODV EDVHV GH GDWRV GH FDGD XQR GH ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRV
LQYROXFUDGRV
/D +&& WDPELpQ FRQWDUtD FRQ XQD SDUWH RSHUDWLYD TXH VH HQFDUJDUtD GH
WUDGXFLUHOSHQVDPLHQWRPpGLFRHQDFFLRQHVFRQFUHWDV\HVHQHOODGRQGHQRV
SURSRQHPRV XWLOL]DU WpFQLFDV GH DSR\R HQ OD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV (O 0yGXOR
7HUDSpXWLFRGHEHLQFOXLULQGLFDFLRQHVXVXDOHVHQODSUiFWLFDGLDULDFRPRVRQ
x 7UDWDPLHQWR GLHWpWLFR HQ IUDQFD FRPXQLFDFLyQ FRQ HO GHSDUWDPHQWR GH
FRFLQDSDUDKDFHUPXFKRPiVHILFLHQWHHVWDWDUHD
x 7UDWDPLHQWR IDUPDFROyJLFR XWLOL]DUtD VLVWHPDV GH VXSHUYLVLyQ \ D\XGD TXH
EULQGDUtDQ LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH ORV PHGLFDPHQWRV GLVSRQLEOHV HQ OD IDUPDFLD
KRVSLWDODULD DVSHFWRV IDUPDFROyJLFRV HQ IRUPD GH EUHYHV JXtDV
WHUDSpXWLFDV FKHTXHR GH LQGLFDFLRQHV GRVLILFDFLyQ SUHFDXFLRQHV
FRQWUDLQGLFDFLRQHV H LQWHUDFFLRQHV PHGLFDPHQWRVDV DVt FRPR GH OD
GXUDFLyQGHOWUDWDPLHQWR
x &RPXQLFDFLyQ HQHVWHLQGLFDGRUVHLQFOX\HQODVDFFLRQHVQRWLILFDWLYDVGHOD
+&& OR TXH SHUPLWH LQIRUPDU DGHFXDGDPHQWH VREUH QXHYRV
FRPSOHPHQWDULRVRUGHQDGRVRLQWHUFRQVXOWDV VROLFLWDGDV
3RU~OWLPRSHURQRPHQRVLPSRUWDQWHHVWiQORVHYHQWRVHJUHVR\FHUWLILFDFLyQ
ORV FXDOHV FXOPLQDQ HO FLFOR GH OD +&& \ ILQDOL]DQ D VX YH] HO HYHQWR PD\RU
TXH FRPHQ]y FRQ HO LQJUHVR (VWRV HYHQWRV VRQ UHJLVWUDGRV WDPELpQ SRU HO
0yGXOR GH(YHQWRV 0D\RUHV \ WLHQHQ XQD JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD SDUDORVEDODQFHV
HVWDGtVWLFRVJHQHUDOHVSXHVUHIOHMDQHOGLDJQyVWLFRGHILQLWLYRGHOSDFLHQWH\VX
HVWDGRDOHJUHVR YLYRRIDOOHFLGR
(VWD ~OWLPD IDVH WDPELpQ VH FRQRFH FRPR FHUWLILFDWLYD GHELGR D WRGD OD
GRFXPHQWDFLyQOHJDOTXHGHHOODHPDQDUi
x +RMD GH HJUHVR 6H H[SHGLUi XQ GRFXPHQWR TXH FRQWHQJD XQ UHVXPHQ GHO
LQJUHVR GHO HQIHUPR H[SUHVDQGR FODUDPHQWH HO GLDJQyVWLFR ORV UHVXOWDGRV
GH ORV FRPSOHPHQWDULRV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV HO WUDWDPLHQWR HPSOHDGR \ OD
HYROXFLyQFOtQLFD(VWDKRMDGHHJUHVRHVHOGRFXPHQWRPiVLPSRUWDQWHTXH
VHHODERUDHQHVWHPyGXORSRUORTXHXQDFRSLDGHHOODVHUiHQYLDGDDOQLYHO
GH DWHQFLyQ SULPDULD DO TXH FRUUHVSRQGH HO HQIHUPR FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRQ OD
SURJUDPDFLyQGHODSUy[LPDFRQVXOWD
x &HUWLILFDGRVPpGLFRV (O0LQLVWHULRGH6DOXG3~EOLFDKDUHJODPHQWDGRHOXVR
GHO FHUWLILFDGR PpGLFR SRU OR TXH OD IXQFLyQ GH HVWH PyGXOR VROR VHUi
H[SHGLU HO FHUWLILFDGR DGHFXDGR HQ FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD FRQ HO GLDJQyVWLFR DO
HJUHVR
x 2WURV GRFXPHQWRV $O LJXDO TXH HQ HO FDVR DQWHULRU P~OWLSOHV GRFXPHQWRV
SRGUiQVHUH[SHGLGRVXWLOL]DQGRODLQIRUPDFLyQDOPDFHQDGDHQOD+&&\HQ
FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD FRQ OR OHJLVODGR HQ QXHVWUR SDtV HVWRV GRFXPHQWRV VRQ
GLHWDVFHUWLILFDGRVGHGHIXQFLyQFDUWDVGHYLDMHHWFpWHUD
&RPR VH SXHGHDSUHFLDUOD+&&FRPSUHQGHXQDFRPSOHMDFRQFDWHQDFLyQGH
HYHQWRV\SURFHVRVGHQWURGHORVFXDOHVODLQIRUPDFLyQGHOSDFLHQWHFRQVWLWX\H
HOHVODEyQIXQGDPHQWDO8QHVER]RGHVXHVWUXFWXUDSXHGHVHUDSUHFLDGRHQOD
ILJXUD HQ OD FXDO VH JUDILFDQ ODV LQWHUDFFLRQHV HQWUH ORV HOHPHQWRV \D
GHVFULWRV
/$%25$725,2
5;
(1'26&23,$6
3$72/2*,$
&
2
0
3
0/
2(
' 0
8(
/1
2
7
$
5
,
2
6
(*5(62
&(57,),&
,1*5(62
02'8/2
%$6,&2
&/,1,&2
,17(5)$&(
35,1&,3$/
02'8/2
(9(1726
0(125(6
02'8/2
(9(1726
0$<25(6
02'8/2
7(5$3(87,&2
)$50$&,$
6,*126
9,7$/(6
)LJXUD(VTXHPDGHODKLVWRULDFOtQLFDFRPSXWDUL]DGD
&RQFOXVLRQHV
02'8/2
'(02*5
&2&,1$
(VWHWUDEDMRDERUGDXQYLHMRSUREOHPDDWUDYpVGHXQQXHYRHQIRTXH3RUWRGRV
HV FRQRFLGD OD JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD TXH UHYLVWH OD KLVWRULD FOtQLFD SDUD OD SUiFWLFD
PpGLFD SHUR WDPELpQ QRV KHPRV SHUFDWDGR GH VXV OLPLWDFLRQHV FRQ HO
GHFXUVDU GH ORV DxRV /D WHFQRORJtD GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ QRV RIUHFH XQD RSFLyQ
SDUD KDFHU GH QXHVWUD KLVWRULD FOtQLFDXQGRFXPHQWRUHDOPHQWHHILFLHQWH\SRU
WDQWR~WLOQRREVWDQWHODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHXQD+&&DGHFXDGDQRVRORWHQGUi
TXH UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV WHFQROyJLFRV VLQR TXH WDPELpQ VH HQIUHQWDUi D ODV
EDUUHUDVSVLFROyJLFDV\VRFLDOHVTXHJHQHUDXQGLVHxRFRPR6$/8'
&RQVLGHURTXHQRHV~WLOLQIRUPDWL]DUQXHVWURQLYHOGHDWHQFLyQVHFXQGDULDVROR
SRUTXHHVWpGHPRGDVLQRSRUTXHODVHYLGHQFLDVSXEOLFDGDVORMXVWLILFDQ
5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiILFDV
6LPERUJ':1HWZRUNLQJDQGPHGLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHP-RI0HG6\VWHPV
YDQ *LQQHNHQ$00RRUPDQ 3: 7KH SDWLHQW UHFRUG (Q YDQ %HPPHO -+
0XVHQ 0$ HGV +DQGERRN RI 0HGLFDO ,QIRUPDWLFV +RXWHQ %RKQ 6WDIOHX
9DQ/RJKXP
6iQFKH] 0DQVROR $$ ,JOHVLDV 'LRV -/ 3HUGRPR *RQ]iOH] -/ +HUQiQGH]
&iFHUHV-/0HQGR]D'+LVWRULDVFOtQLFDVHOHFWUyQLFDVHQ&XED4XLPHUDR
SRVLELOLGDGUHDO5HY&XE,QIRUPDW0HG
5HFWRU $/ 1RZODQ :$.D\ 6 HW DO )RXQGDWLRQV IRUDQ HOHFWURQLFPHGLFDO
UHFRUG0HWK,QIRUP0HG
.RKDQH ,6 &RPSXWHUEDVHG SDWLHQW UHFRUGV (Q YDQ %HPPHO -+ 0F&UD\
$7 HGV ,0,$ <HDUERRN RI 0HGLFDO ,QIRUPDWLFV 6WXWWJDUW 1HZ <RUN
6FKDWWDXHU 0F'RQDOG &- %OHYLQV / 7LHUQH\ :0 5HJHQVWULHI PHGLFDO UHFRUGV 0'
&RPSXWLQJ
0HVVHUOH-,QIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPV(QYDQ%HPPHO-+0F&UD\$7HGV,0,$
<HDUERRNRI0HGLFDO,QIRUPDWLFV6WXWWJDUW1HZ<RUN6FKDWWDXHU
7DQJH+-+DVPDQ$'H9ULHV5REEH3)6FKRXWHQ+&0HGLFDOQDUUDWLYHV
LQHOHFWURQLFDOPHGLFDOUHFRUGV,QW-0HG,QI %DXG 5+ 5DVVLQRX[ $0 6FKHUUHU -5 1DWXUDO ODQJXDJH SURFHVVLQJ DQG
VHPDQWLFDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIPHGLFDOWH[WV0HWK,QIRUP0HG
+HDWKILHOG+$+DUGLNHU1.LUE\-7DOOLV5*RQVDONDUDOH07KH3(13$'
PHGLFDO UHFRUG PRGHO GHYHORSPHQW RI D QXUVLQJ UHFRUG IRU KRVSLWDOEDVHG
FDUHRIWKHHOGHUO\0HWK,QIRUP0HG 5HFWRU $/ *ORZLQVNL $- 1RZODQ :$ 5RVVR0RUL $ 0HGLFDOFRQFHSWV
PRGHOVDQGPHGLFDOUHFRUGVDQDSSURDFKEDVHGRQ*$/(1 DQG3(13$'
-$P0HG,QIRUP$VVRF
'LFN566WHHQ(%HGV7KH&RPSXWHUEDVHG3DWLHQW5HFRUG$QHVVHQWLDO
WHFKQRORJ\IRUKHDOWKFDUH:DVKLQJWRQ'&1DWLRQDO$FDGHP\3UHVV
VHFRQGHG
&LPLQR--&RGLQJV\VWHPVLQKHDOWKFDUH(QYDQ%HPPHO-+0F&UD\$7
HGV ,0,$ <HDUERRN RI 0HGLFDO ,QIRUPDWLFV 6WXWWJDUW 1HZ <RUN
6FKDWWDXHU
%DUURZV 5& -RKQVRQ 6% $ GDWD PRGHO WKDW FDSWXUHV FOLQLFDO UHDVRQLQJ
DERXW SDWLHQW SUREOHPV 3URFHGLQJV WK $QQXDO 6\PSRVLXP &RPSXWHU
$SSOLFDWLRQVLQ0HGLFDO&DUH
0RRUPDQ3:YDQ*LQQHNHQ$06LHUVHPD3'YDQGHU/HL-YDQ%HPPHO
-+(YDOXDWLRQRIUHSRUWLQJEDVHGRQGHVFULSWLRQDONQRZOHGJH-$P0HG,QI
$VVRF 6iQFKH]0DQVROR$$0DUWtQ'tD]2,JOHVLDV'LRV-/+HUQiQGH]&iFHUHV
-/5HJLVWURHOHFWUyQLFRGHSDFLHQWHV5HY&XE(GXF0HG6XS
0LGGOHWRQ % 'HWPHU :0 0XVHQ 0$ 'LDJQRVWLF GHFLVLRQ VXSSRUW (Q
2VKHURII -( HG &RPSXWHUV LQ &OLQLFDO 3UDFWLFH 0DQDJLQJ 3DWLHQWV
,QIRUPDWLRQ DQG &RPPXQLFDWLRQV 3KLODGHOSKLD $PHULFDQ &ROOHJH RI
3K\VLFLDQV