Incendios forestales Causas y prevenci鏮

Incendios forestales
Causas y prevención
Junio 2001
1
Informes de
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NÚMERO DE INCENDIOS (1961-2000)
30.000
Nº Incendios
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
1987
1985
1983
1981
1979
1977
1975
1973
1971
1969
1967
1965
1963
1961
0
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SUPERFICIE QUEMADA (1961-2000)
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
1987
1985
1983
1981
1979
1977
1975
1973
1971
1969
1967
1965
1963
0
1961
Superficie (ha)
600.000
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SUPERFICIE FORESTAL TOTAL QUEMADA
700.000
Superficie (ha)
600.000
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
0
80/90
81/91
82/92
83/93
84/94
85/95
PERIODO 90/00
86/96
87/97
88/98
89/99
2000
PERIODO 80/89
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Nº TOTAL INCENDIOS
45.000
40.000
NºIncendios
35.000
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0
80/90
81/91
82/92
83/93
84/94
85/95
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86/96
87/97
88/98
89/99
2000
PERÍODO 90/00
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Nº GRANDES INCENDIOS
120
Nº Incendios
100
80
60
40
20
0
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
2000
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Año
Dehesas y M.
abierto (ha)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1.353
482
941
1.392
4.168
Monte no arbolado
Matorral y M. Pastos
bajo (ha)
(ha)
41.751
72.548
82.097
51.633
248.029
Total no
arbolado (ha)
Total M.
arbolado2 (ha)
Sup.Total
(ha)
48.649
77.177
89.660
57.746
102.541
375.773
10.282
21.326
42.410
23.933
44.260
142.211
58.931
98.503
132.070
81.680
146.801
517.985
5.545
4.131
6.192
4.231
20.099
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AÑO 96
Especie
AÑO 97
Especie
Pinus pinaster
Pinus halepensis
Pinus radiata
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus pinea
Otras
Total coníferas
Eucalyptus sp.
Quercus pyrenaica
Quercus ilex
Quercus robur
Castanea sativa
Sup.
(ha)
2.425
1.251
648
637
194
352
5.507
1.523
1.067
621
415
243
Otras
Total frondosas
3.733 Otras
4.472 Total frondosas
Pinus pinaster
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus halepensis
Pinus radiata
Pinus nigra
Otras
Total coníferas
Quercus pyrenaica
Eucalyptus sp.
Quercus robur
Castanea sativa
Quercus suber
Sup.
(ha)
4.998
1.355
1.130
643
123
378
8.627
3.748
3.398
1.697
1.195
882
AÑO 98
Especie
Pinus pinaster
Pinus nigra
Pinus halepensis
Pinus canariensis
Pinus sylvestris
Otras
Total coníferas
Eucalyptus sp.
Quercus pyrenaica
Quercus ilex
Quercus robur
Castanea sativa
1.742 Otras
12.631 Total frondosas
Sup.
(ha)
10.943
10.228
3.862
3.613
1.099
1.116
30.861
4.741
3.837
1.125
689
541
AÑO 99
Especie
Pinus pinaster
Pinus halepensis
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus pinea
Pinus radiata
Otras
Total coníferas
Quercus ilex
Quercus pyrenaica
Eucalyptus sp.
Castanea sativa
Quercus robur
Sup.
(ha)
6.042
5.734
1.431
1.007
543
504
15.261
2.579
2.544
1.213
862
551
996 Otras
11.543 Total frondosas
920
8.669
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Especie
AÑO 1998
Sup.
Superficie quemada
por CC.AA. (ha)
Total
(ha)
Galicia: 5.660
Castilla y León: 3.355
Especie
P. pinaster
10.943
P. nigra
10.228 Cataluña: 9.989
P. halepensis
P. halepensis
3.862 Cataluña: 2.790
P. sylvestris
E. globulus
4.741
Q. pyrenaica
3.837 Castilla y León: 2.789
Muy repartido entre:
1.125 Comunidad Valenciana,
Aragón, Murcia
Q. ilex
Galicia: 3.289
Asturias: 888
P. pinaster
Quercus ilex
Q. pyrenaica
Eucalyptus
sp.
AÑO 1999
Sup.
Superficie quemada
Total
por CC.AA. (ha)
(ha)
Galicia: 1.492
Andalucía:937
6.042 Extremadura: 957
Asturias:657
Madrid: 332
Com.Valenciana: 4.360
5.734
Cataluña: 259
1.431 Madrid: 70
Cantabria: 172
2.579 Cataluña: 97
Com.Valenciana: 40
2.544 Castilla y León: 1.942
1.213 Galicia: 467
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Personal de
extinción
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
4
1
4
2
4
5
14
3
23
6
2
3
3
6
6
Nº de víctimas mortales
Ejército y
Ciudadanos
voluntarios atrapados por
el fuego
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
5
1
9
1
2
0
2
1
1
2
TOTAL VÍCTIMAS
TOTAL
5
1
4
11
4
7
15
9
33
9
4
5
3
8
6
124
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Año
1996
1997
1998
1999
TOTAL
Pérdidas
(miles de pta.)
9.063.000
12.018.354
8.728.978
9.813.540
39.623.872
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Inversión
(millones de ptas.)
6.608
1.215
1.200
700
500
420
2.790
6.900
2.000
9.500
1.700
6.000
12.000
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3%
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11%
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2%
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16%
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65%
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15%
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7%
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38%
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32%
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16%
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29%
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22%
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4%
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29%
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Otros lug. del
monte
Basureros
Urbanizaciones
Cultivos
Vías férreas
Excursionistas
Edificios
Senda
Pistas
forestales
CAUSAS
Carretera
&8$'521ÔPHURGHLQFHQGLRVSRUOXJDUGHFRPLHQ]R$ËR
TOTAL
RAYO
Quema agrícola
Quema de pastos
Trabajos forestales
Hogueras
Fumadores
Quema de basuras
Escape de vertedero
Otras
Total NEGLIGENCIAS
Ferrocarril
Líneas eléctricas
Motores y máquinas
Maniobras militares
Otras
Total OTRAS CAUSAS
INTENCIONADO
DESCONOCIDA
INCENDIO REPRODUCIDO
27
64
65
103
70 133
101
85 132
21
36
29
12
17
21
117
22
33
37
11
11
7
0
2
86
42
81
484 283 442
3
0
1
28
9
17
35
8
10
1
1
1
40
19
34
107
37
63
1.786 1.727 2.720
658 452 1.035
30
19
24
3 590
1 210
2 228
0 153
0
47
2
23
53
33
120
6
3 162
181 862
0
14
0
63
0
22
0
7
2
81
2 187
18 2.461
12 834
1 137
789
1.039
669
255
166
236
205
141
502
3.213
100
134
110
11
207
562
9.761
3.383
233
Totales
3.092 2.582 4.349 609 176 160 1.270 107 217 5.071
17.941
6
52
23
6
16
15
39
3
57
211
0
7
6
0
11
24
208
150
10
4
0
1
0
31
13
3
0
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70
1
0
1
0
3
5
44
53
0
3
11
1
0
0
2
1
0
5
20
81
2
2
0
2
87
34
14
2
17
452
94
8
16
6
11
1
21
609
0
6
24
1
9
40
426
108
7
2
3
0
2
5
3
6
2
20
41
0
1
1
0
5
7
18
38
1
%
4,40
5,79
3,73
1,42
0,93
1,32
1,14
0,79
2,80
17,91
0,56
0,75
0,61
0,06
1,15
3,13
54,41
18,86
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