Imprima este artículo

Anuncio
Número 14‡‡ISSN 1023-0890
7UDGXFLUGHVGHODFXOWXUDGHORUHJLRQDO
a lo universal.
De Cuentos de barro a Tales of Clay
1HOVRQ/ySH]
8QLYHUVLGDGGH0DUTXHWWH0LOZDXNHH
8QLYHUVLGDG'RQ%RVFR(O6DOYDGRU
Introducción
C
uentos de barroHVHOOLEURPiVOHtGRGHWRGDODSURGXFFLyQ
OLWHUDULD VDOYDGRUHxD 1RV QDUUD XQD FDQWLGDG GH KLVWRULDV
VREUH ODV FXOWXUDV ODV WUDGLFLRQHV H LGLRPDV GH ORV SXHEORV
LQGtJHQDV\GHFyPRODVFODVHVGRPLQDQWHVDEXVDURQGHHOORV/DV
QDUUDWLYDVYDQGHVGHFUtWLFDVDO*RELHUQRSRUODVLQMXVWLFLDVVRFLDOHV
\ODGLVFULPLQDFLyQHQFRQWUDGHORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVSDVDQGRSRU
YLRODFLRQHVPDFKLVPRSUREOHPDVGHHPLJUDFLyQ\SREUH]DKDVWD
OOHJDUDODGLVFULPLQDFLyQUDFLDOPH]FODGHFUHHQFLDVPtWLFDVFRQOR
UHOLJLRVR\HODEXVRSRUSDUWHGHOD,JOHVLD&DWyOLFD
Cuentos de barroMXHJDXQUROLPSRUWDQWHSHURLUUHFRQRFLGR
HQODOLWHUDWXUDYHUQDFXODUVDOYDGRUHxDODDFHSWDFLyQGHXQDOLWHUD
WXUDQDWLYDTXHH[SORUDSUREOHPDVVRFLDOHVHQHOLGLRPDYHUQiFXOR
GHVXJHQWH
0LWUDGXFFLyQGHCuentos de barroDOLQJOpVKDHFKDGRPDQR
GHDVSHFWRVKLVWyULFRVOLQJtVWLFRV\VRFLROLQJtVWLFRVDUTXHROyJL
FRVDQWURSROyJLFRV\GHHWQRJUDItD/DFXLGDGRVDOHFWXUDGHREUDV
FRPRTheir Eyes Were Watching God\GHWUDGXFFLRQHVDOHVSDxRO
GHXQLQJOpVYHUQDFXODUFRPRLas aventuras de Huckleberry Finn
MXJDURQXQUROYLWDOHQTXHHOWUDGXFWRUPDQWXYLHUDOD¿GHOLGDG\OD
RUDOLGDGGHODREUDVDODUUXHULDQDHQVXYHUVLyQLQJOHVD
ÍSTMICA 157
Número‡‡ISSN 1023-0890
NELSON LÓPEZ
Cuentos de barroLQFRUSRUDSDODEUDVLQGtJHQDVQHRORJLVPRVUHJLRQDOLV
PRV \ ORFDOLVPRV QRPEUHV ERWiQLFRV \ ]RROyJLFRV GH SODQWDV \ DQLPDOHV TXH
TXL]iV\DQR H[LVWHQQRPEUHVJHRJUi¿FRV GHUtRV \ GHSREODFLRQHVTXH\DQR
HVWiQ\WRGDODFRVPRJRQtDGHORVJUXSRVLQGtJHQDVGH,]DOFR
Summary
Cuentos de BarroLVWKHPRVWUHDGERRNRIDOOLQ6DOYDGRUDQOLWHUDU\SUR
GXFWLRQ,WFRQWDLQVDQDUUD\RIVWRULHVDERXWWKHFXOWXUHVWUDGLWLRQVDQGODQJXDJH
RIWKHLQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHDQGKRZWKHGRPLQDQWFODVVHVDEXVHGWKHP
7KHQDUUDWLYHVUDQJHIURPODWHQWFULWLFLVPRIWKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VVRFLDOLQ
MXVWLFHV DQG GLVFULPLQDWLRQ DJDLQVW LQGLJHQRXV SHRSOHV UDSH FKDXYLQLVP HPL
JUDWLRQLVVXHVSRYHUW\WRUDFLDOGLVFULPLQDWLRQP\WKLFDOEHOLHIVPL[HGZLWKUH
OLJLRXVRQHVDQGDEXVHE\WKH&DWKROLF&KXUFKTales of ClaySOD\VDQLPSRUWDQW
\HW XQUHFRJQL]HG UROH LQ 6DOYDGRUDQ YHUQDFXODU OLWHUDWXUH WKH DFFHSWDQFH RI D
QDWLYHOLWHUDWXUHWKDWH[SORUHVVRFLDOLVVXHVLQWKHYHUQDFXODURILWVLQKDELWDQWV
0\WUDQVODWLRQRICuentos de BarroGUDZVIURPKLVWRULFDODFFRXQWVOLQ
JXLVWLFVDQGVRFLROLQJXLVWLFVDUFKDHRORJ\DQWKURSRORJ\DQGHWKQRJUDSK\6DOD
UUXp OLNH 0DUN7ZDLQ PHUJHV VHYHUDO ODQJXDJHV LQWR RQH7KH FDUHIXO H[DPL
QDWLRQ RI ZRUNV DQG WUDQVODWLRQV WKDW GHDO ZLWK WKH YHUQDFXODU LH Their Eyes
Were Watching GodAdventures of Huckleberry FinnKDVSOD\HGDYLWDOUROHLQ
NHHSLQJWKH¿GHOLW\DQGRUDOLW\RIWKH6DODUUXHLDQWH[WLQWRWKH(QJOLVKUHQGHULQJ
Tales of ClayLQFRUSRUDWHVLQGLJHQRXVZRUGVIURP1DKXD3LSLOQHRORJLVPVUH
JLRQDOLVPDQGORFDOLVPVERWDQLFDODQG]RRORJLFDOQDPHVRISODQWVDQGDQLPDOV
WKDWPD\ZHOOEHH[WLQFWE\QRZJHRJUDSKLFDOQDPHVRIULYHUVRUSRSXODWLRQVWKDW
QRORQJHUH[LVWDQGWKHFRVPRJRQ\RIWKHLQGLJHQRXVJURXSV
158 SECCIÓN CRÍTICA LITERARIA
TRADUCIR DESDE LA CULTURA: DE LO REGIONAL A LO UNIVERSAL
Número 14‡‡ISSN 1023-0890
$:RUGIURPWKH7UDQVODWRU
Palabras del traductor...
I. From Cuentos de barro to Tales of Clay
7KHWH[WLQCuentos de BarroLVVRFRPSUHKHQVLYH
WKDWLWLVQRWHQRXJKWREHSUR¿FLHQWLQDODQJXDJH
WRXQGHUVWDQGLW«RUWRWUDQVODWHLW-RDQ&RURPLQDV
H[SODLQVLQWKHLQWURGXFWLRQWRKLVIDPRXV
GLFWLRQDU\WKDWKLVZRUN³KDVEHHQZULWWHQ«WR
LQIRUPLQDFRQFLVHPDQQHUZKDWLVNQRZQDERXW
WKHRULJLQRI&DVWLOLDQZRUGVFRPPRQO\NQRZQE\
FXOWSHRSOH´&RURPLQDV&RPPRQZRUGV
HUXGLWHZRUGVWHFKQLFDOWHUPVIRUWKHSDUWVRID
ERDWRUDFKXUFKLQGLJHQRXVZRUGVQHRORJLVPV
DUFKDLVPVUHJLRQDOLVPV«DQGWKHFKDOOHQJH
VHHPHGLQVXUPRXQWDEOHDIWHUHDFKWLPH,UHDG
6DODUUXp¶VERRN¿OOHGZLWKVXFKVXEDOWHUQVSHHFK
XQNQRZQWR³FXOWSHRSOH´
I. De Cuentos de barro a Tales of Clay
/DOHQJXDTXHVHXVDHQCuentos de barroHVWDQDPSOLD
TXHQRHVVX¿FLHQWHHOVHUFRPSHWHQWHHQXQLGLRPD
SDUDHQWHQGHUORRSDUDWUDGXFLUOR-RDQ&RURPLQDV
H[SOLFDHQODLQWURGXFFLyQDVXIDPRVRGLFFLRQDULR
TXHVXWUDEDMR³VHKDHVFULWRSDUDHOS~EOLFRQR
HVSHFLDOL]DGRHQOLQJtVWLFDFRQREMHWRGHLQIRUPDUOH
EUHYH\FODUDPHQWHGHORTXHVHVDEHDFHUFDGHORULJHQ
GHODVSDODEUDVFDVWHOODQDVFRP~QPHQWHFRQRFLGDV
SRUODJHQWHHGXFDGD´&RURPLQDV3DODEUDV
FRPXQHVSDODEUDVHUXGLWDVWpUPLQRVWpFQLFRVGHODV
SDUWHVGHXQEDUFRRXQDLJOHVLDSDODEUDVLQGtJHQDV
QHRORJLVPRVDUFDtVPRVUHJLRQDOLVPRV\HOUHWR
SDUHFtDLQVXSHUDEOHGHVSXpVGHFDGDYH]TXHOHtD
HOOLEURGH6DODUUXpOOHQRGHVHPHMDQWHGLVFXUVR
VXEDOWHUQRGHVFRQRFLGRSDUDODJHQWH³HGXFDGD´
(OUHWRVHSODQWHy'HUULGDQRVKDEtD\DDGYHUWLGRTXH
ODWUDGXFFLyQHUDXQDWDUHDVHULDPLHQWUDVTXH+HUPDQV
QRVGHFtDTXH³ORVWUDGXFWRUHVQRVyORWUDGXFHQ´
8QDYH]TXHFRQVXOWpODELEOLRJUDItDGLVSRQLEOH
PHGLFXHQWDGHTXHHVWHSUR\HFWRQRHUDXQDVLPSOH
WUDGXFFLyQOLWHUDULDSRUTXHFRPRHOWUDGXFWRUGH
6DODUUXpWHQtDTXHWUDQVPLWLUQRVyORODVSDODEUDV\
VLJQL¿FDGRVSHURODVGLIHUHQWHVFDSDVOLQJtVWLFDVTXH
VHSODQWHDQHQHVWDVKLVWRULDV
/DPHWRGRORJtDGHODWUDGXFFLyQHVEDVWDQWHFRPSOHMD
(OSURFHVRGHWUDGXFFLyQKDVLGRFRPSXHVWRSRU
GLIHUHQWHVHWDSDVGHXQDIRUPDXQWDQWRFLUFXODUOD
OHFWXUDGHORULJLQDOĺODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQĺHODQiOLVLV
GHYRFDEXODULRĺUHOHHUHORULJLQDOĺFRPSDUDFLyQ
GHLGLRPDV\FRPSUREDUPLVKLSyWHVLVFRQORV
LQIRUPDQWHVQDWLYRVĺLQWHUSUHWDFLyQļUHOHHUHO
RULJLQDO$XQTXHVR\XQKDEODQWHQDWLYRGHHVSDxRO
QDFLGR\HGXFDGRHQ(O6DOYDGRUHVXQGHVDItRHO
WUDWDUGHGHVFLIUDUHOYRFDEXODULRXWLOL]DGRHQORV
Cuentos de barro0LVLQIRUPDQWHVQDWLYRVUXUDOHV
GHOSDtVODVIRWRJUDItDVGHORVSULPHURVDxRVGHOVLJOR
;;PLLQWHUDFFLyQFRQORVSREODGRUHVGHODV]RQDV
LQGtJHQDV\PLVYLVLWDVDORVPXQGRVLQGtJHQDVPH
KDQD\XGDGRDUHYLYLUODVGHVFULSFLRQHVGHOOLEUR
0LGRPLQLRGHOLGLRPDLQJOpVPHDFUHGLWDSDUD
WUDGXFLUXQDREUDGHHVWDPDJQLWXG6LQHPEDUJR
SDUDTXHVRQDUDPiVFRPRHORULJLQDOKHHVWXGLDGR
ODVREUDV\WUDGXFFLRQHVTXHVHKDQRFXSDGRGHOD
OHQJXDYHUQiFXOD\KHFRQ¿DGRHQPLVLQIRUPDQWHV
TXHOH\HURQPLVWUDGXFFLRQHV\FRUURERUDURQRQR
PLVKLSyWHVLVDFHUFDGHOVHQWLUGHORVFXHQWRV/RV
QRPEUHVGHSiMDURViUEROHVEDUFRVGHWDOOHVGH
HGL¿FLRVUHQDFHQWLVWDV\FRVDVSRUHOHVWLORIXHURQ
RWUDLQYHVWLJDFLyQSRUDSDUWH
7KHFKDOOHQJHZDVSRVHG'HUULGDZDUQHGXVWKDW
WUDQVODWLRQLVDVHULRXVWDVNZKLOH+HUPDQVVWDWHG
WKDW³WUDQVODWRUVQHYHUMXVWWUDQVODWH´
2QFH,FRQVXOWHGWKHDYDLODEOHOLWHUDWXUH,UHDOL]HG
WKDWWKLVSURMHFWZDVQRWDSODLQOLWHUDU\WUDQVODWLRQ
EHFDXVHDVWKHWUDQVODWRURI6DODUUXp,QHHGHG
WRFRQYH\QRWMXVWZRUGVDQGPHDQLQJVEXWWKH
GLIIHUHQWOLQJXLVWLFOD\HUVWKHVHVWRULHVSRVH
7KHWUDQVODWLRQPHWKRGRORJ\LVTXLWHFRPSOH[7KH
WUDQVODWLRQSURFHVVKDVEHHQFRPSRVHGRIGLIIHUHQW
VWDJHVLQDVRPHZKDWFLUFXODUIDVKLRQUHDGLQJWKH
RULJLQDOĺLQWHUSUHWLQJĺDQDO\VLVRIYRFDEXODU\ĺ
UHDGLQJWKHRULJLQDOĺFRPSDULQJODQJXDJHV
DQGWHVWLQJP\FKRLFHVZLWKQDWLYHLQIRUPDQWVĺ
LQWHUSUHWLQJļUHUHDGLQJWKHRULJLQDO$OWKRXJK,
DPDQDWLYHVSHDNHURI6SDQLVKERUQDQGHGXFDWHG
LQ(O6DOYDGRULWLVDFKDOOHQJHWRWU\WRGHFLSKHU
WKHYRFDEXODU\XVHGLQTales of Clay1DWLYHUXUDO
6DOYDGRUDQLQIRUPDQWVSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHHDUO\
\HDUVRIWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\P\LQWHUDFWLRQ
ZLWKYLOODJHUVRILQGLJHQRXVDUHDVDQGP\YLVLWV
WRWKHLQGLJHQRXVZRUOGVKDYHKHOSHGPHWRUHOLYH
WKHGHVFULSWLRQVRIWKHERRN0\FRPPDQGRIWKH
(QJOLVKODQJXDJHTXDOL¿HVPHWRWUDQVODWHDZRUN
RIWKLVPDJQLWXGH+RZHYHUWRPDNHLWVRXQG
PRUHOLNHWKHRULJLQDO,KDYHVWXGLHGZRUNVDQG
WUDQVODWLRQVWKDWKDYHGHDOWZLWKWKHYHUQDFXODU
DQG,KDYHUHOLHGRQP\LQIRUPDQWVZKRUHDGP\
WUDQVODWLRQVDQGWHVWHGP\K\SRWKHVLVUHJDUGLQJ
WKHIHHORIWKHWDOHV1DPHVRIELUGVWUHHVERDWV
VSHFL¿FVRIUHQDLVVDQFHEXLOGLQJVDQGWKHOLNHKDYH
EHHQDUHVHDUFKE\WKHPVHOYHV
ÍSTMICA 159
NELSON LÓPEZ
Número‡‡ISSN 1023-0890
7KLVWUDQVODWLRQKDVEHHQDPXFKPRUHFRPSOH[
PDWWHUWKDWEULQJVPXOWLSOHGLVFLSOLQHVLQWRSOD\
7KHVFRSHRIP\UHVHDUFKOHGPHWRPDQ\DUHDV
IURPERWDQ\WRPHGLHYDODUFKLWHFWXUHIURP]RRORJ\
WRSK\VLFVDQGIURPDJULFXOWXUHWRDUFKHRORJ\
6HHNLQJWR¿OOLQWKHJDSVRIKLVWRULFDOPHPRU\,
EHJDQGUDZLQJIURPKLVWRULRJUDSK\YLVLWLQJWKH
YLOODJHVWKHFHPHWHULHVWKHSODFHVPHQWLRQHG
LQWKHERRNDQGVHHLQJDQGIHHOLQJWKHÀRULG
GHVFULSWLRQVRITales of Clay,VSRNHZLWKZULWHUV
IULHQGVRI6DODUUXpDQGORFDOUHVLGHQWVRIWKHRQFH
LQGLJHQRXVYLOODJHV±VRPHDVVXUHGPHWKH\ZHUH
VXUYLYRUVRIWKH0DVVDFUHRI8QFRYHULQJWKH
WUXWKLVQRWDQHDV\WDVNDQGPDQ\GRQ¶WOLNHWRWDON
DERXWLW,IDFRXQWU\NHHSVODFXQDHLQLWVPHPRU\
WKHUHLVGDQJHUIRUWKHJDSVWRUHPDLQRSHQRUWR
QHJDWHWKHORVVDV0LFKHOGH&HUWHDXSXWVLW
(VWDWUDGXFFLyQKDVLGRXQDFXHVWLyQPXFKR
PiVFRPSOHMDTXHUH~QHP~OWLSOHVGLVFLSOLQDVHQ
ODPHVD(ODOFDQFHGHPLLQYHVWLJDFLyQPHKD
OOHYDGRDPXFKRViPELWRVGHVGHODERWiQLFDDOD
DUTXLWHFWXUDPHGLHYDOGHOD]RRORJtDDODItVLFD\
GHODDJULFXOWXUDDODDUTXHRORJtD$OLQWHQWDUOOHQDU
ORVYDFtRVGHODPHPRULDKLVWyULFDLQYHVWLJXp
XVDQGRORVUHFXUVRVGHODKLVWRULRJUDItDYLVLWDQGRORV
SXHEORVORVFHPHQWHULRVORVOXJDUHVPHQFLRQDGRV
HQHOOLEUR\YLHQGR\VLQWLHQGRODVGHVFULSFLRQHV
ÀRULGDVGHORVCuentos de barro+DEOpFRQ
HVFULWRUHVDPLJRVGH6DODUUXp\FRQORVUHVLGHQWHV
ORFDOHVGHORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDV±PiVGHDOJXQR
PHDVHJXUyTXHIXHVREUHYLYLHQWHGHODPDVDFUHGH
(OHVFODUHFHUODYHUGDGQRHVXQDWDUHDIiFLO
\DPXFKRVQROHVJXVWDKDEODUGHHOOR6LXQSDtV
PDQWLHQHODJXQDVHQVXPHPRULDKD\SHOLJURTXHODV
EUHFKDVSHUPDQH]FDQDELHUWDVRSDUDTXHVHQLHJXH
ODSpUGLGDFRPRELHQORGLMR0LFKHOGH&HUWHDX
,,7KH0DNLQJRID7UDQVODWRU
,,'HFyPRQDFH\VHKDFHXQWUDGXFWRU
3XWDVLJQWKDWVD\V³:HWSDLQW'RQRWWRXFK´
DQGP\QDWXUDOLQVWLQFWLVWRWRXFKLQRUGHUWR
FRUURERUDWHWKDWWKHSDLQWLVLQGHHGZHW$VD
FKLOG,ZDVDOZD\VGUDZQWRIRUELGGHQWKLQJV,
JRWSRLVRQHGE\VZDOORZLQJWKHVRDS,LQWHQGHG
WRXVHIRUEXEEOHV,EURNHP\ULJKWDUPHOERZ
DQGVKRXOGHUE\ELNLQJZKHUHELF\FOHVVKRXOGQRW
EHDOORZHG,VKRUWHGRXWWKHHOHFWULFV\VWHPLQ
P\KRXVHE\WU\LQJWRLQYHQWDVROGHULQJJXQ,
GLVFRYHUHGWKHMRXUQDOPlayboyP\XQFOHKDGXQGHU
KLVEHGDVSDUWRIKLVDFDGHPLFFROOHFWLRQ'XULQJ
WULSVWRYLVLWUHODWLYHVLQ6DQ0LJXHOLQHDVWHUQ(O
6DOYDGRU,KLGWRUHDGWKHERRNVP\JUDQGPRWKHU
NHSW³VDIH´LQDYDXOWEHFDXVHERRNVZHUHIRU
GHFRUDWLRQRQO\QRWIRUDVQRWQRVHGER\WRUHDG,Q
WKHVHERRNV,GLVFRYHUHGPDJLFDOWDOHVRIGUDJRQV
DQGNLQJVLQGLVWDQWFRXQWULHV«WKHVDPHVWRULHV
WKDW,ZRXOG¿QGODWHUDW'RQ)UDQFLVFR¶VKRXVH
'RQ)UDQFLVFRZDVDODZ\HUIRUZKRP,ZRUNHG
LQP\\RXWK+HKDGDVWXG\URRPIXOORIERRNV
/DZELRORJ\SK\VLFVDon QuijoteDQGCuentos
de Barro,ZDVDQDYLGUHDGHUDWWKHDJHRI,
NQHZELJZRUGVDQGIndianZRUGVEXWRQHGD\
'RQ)UDQFLVFRFDPHEDFNHDUO\IURPZRUNDQGKH
IRXQGPHLQKLVVWXG\+HZDUQHGPHWKDWKLVERRNV
ZHUHQRWIRUDPLQGOLNHPLQH+HVDLGWKDW,ZRXOG
EHDEOHWRUHDGDOORIKLVERRNVVRPHGD\EXWQRW
WRGD\WKRXJK+HJUDEEHGVRPHRIWKHERRNVWKDW,
VKRXOGEHUHDGLQJJUDPPDUDOJHEUDRUWKRJUDSK\
DQGFDOOLJUDSK\<HDUVODWHU'RQ)UDQFLVFRGLHG
DQG,ZDVXQDEOHWRUHDGWKHUHVWRIKLVERRNV
3RQJDXQOHWUHURTXHGLJD³3LQWXUDIUHVFD1RWRFDU´
\PLLQVWLQWRQDWXUDOHVWRFDUFRQHO¿QGHFRUURERUDU
TXHODSLQWXUDHVWiGHKHFKRIUHVFD&XDQGRHUDQLxR
PHVHQWtDWUDtGRVLHPSUHDODVFRVDVSURKLELGDV0H
HQYHQHQpDOLQJHULUHOMDEyQTXHTXLVHXVDUSDUDKDFHU
EXUEXMDVPHURPStHOEUD]RGHUHFKRHOFRGR\HO
KRPEURSRUDQGDUHQELFLFOHWDGRQGHODVELFLFOHWDVQR
VHGHEHQSHUPLWLUFDXVpXQFRUWRFLUFXLWRHQHOVLVWHPD
HOpFWULFRHQPLFDVDWUDWDQGRGHLQYHQWDUXQFDXWtQGH
VROGDGXUDGHVFXEUtODPlayboyTXHPLWtRWHQtDGHEDMR
GHVXFDPDFRPRSDUWHGHVXFROHFFLyQDFDGpPLFD
'XUDQWHORVYLDMHVSDUDYLVLWDUDIDPLOLDUHVHQ6DQ
0LJXHOHQHOHVWHGH(O6DOYDGRUPHHVFRQGtDSDUD
OHHUORVOLEURVTXHPLDEXHODWHQtD³JXDUGDGRV´HQ
XQDFDMDIXHUWHSRUTXHORVOLEURVHVWDEDQTXL]iVSRU
GHFRUDFLyQQRSDUDTXHXQQLxRPRFRVRORVOH\HUD(Q
HVWRVOLEURVGHVFXEUtFXHQWRVPiJLFRVGHORVGUDJRQHV
\UH\HVHQSDtVHVOHMDQRVODVPLVPDVKLVWRULDVTXH
LEDDHQFRQWUDUPiVWDUGHHQODFDVDGHGRQ)UDQFLVFR
'RQ)UDQFLVFRHUDXQDERJDGRSDUDTXLHQWUDEDMp
HQPLMXYHQWXG+DEtDXQHVWXGLRKDELWDFLyQOOHQD
GHOLEURV'HUHFKRELRORJtDItVLFDDon Quijote\
Cuentos de Barro<RHUDXQiYLGROHFWRUDORV\D
FRQRFtDJUDQGHVSDODEUDV\SDODEUDVGHORVindiosSHUR
XQGtDGRQ)UDQFLVFRYROYLyWHPSUDQRGHOWUDEDMR\
PHHQFRQWUyHQVXHVWXGLR0HDGYLUWLyTXHVXVOLEURV
QRHUDQSDUDXQDPHQWHFRPRODPtD0HGLMRTXH\R
VHUtDFDSD]GHOHHUWRGRVVXVOLEURVDOJ~QGtDPHQRV
KR\$JDUUyDOJXQRVGHORVOLEURVTXHGHEtDOHHUOD
JUDPiWLFDHOiOJHEUDODRUWRJUDItD\ODFDOLJUDItD$xRV
PiVWDUGHGRQ)UDQFLVFRPXULy\\RQXQFDSXGHOHHU
HOUHVWRGHVXVOLEURV
160 SECCIÓN CRÍTICA LITERARIA
TRADUCIR DESDE LA CULTURA: DE LO REGIONAL A LO UNIVERSAL
%RUQLQ6DQ6DOYDGRUWKHFDSLWDORIWKHFRXQWU\,
ZDVH[SRVHGWRGLIIHUHQFHVLQVHPDQWLFVV\QWD[
DQGSKRQRORJ\,ZLWQHVVHGFKDQJHVRYHUWKH
\HDUVDVPRUHDQGPRUHUXUDOSRSXODWLRQVFDPHWR
WKHPHWURSROLVLQVHDUFKRIDEHWWHUOLIH0\RZQ
YRFDEXODU\ZDVFKDQJLQJZLWKWKHWLPHVDQG,
ZDVDOZD\VIDVFLQDWHGZLWKWKHYRFDEXODU\8QFOH
/XLVXVHG+HZDVRULJLQDOO\IURP6DQ0LJXHO
EXWPRYHGWR6DQWD$QDDWWKHRSSRVLWHHQGRIWKH
FRXQWU\DQGWKXVKHVSRNHWKHYDULHW\RI6SDQLVK
WRZKLFKKHKDGEHHQH[SRVHG
7KURXJKRXWP\HOHPHQWDU\HGXFDWLRQZHKDGWR
UHDG6DODUUXp¶VCuentos de BarroDVSDUWRIWKH
FDQRQRI6DOYDGRUDQOLWHUDWXUHLQWKHHGXFDWLRQDO
V\VWHPVLQFHKHLV³WKHIDWKHU´RI6DOYDGRUDQ
OLWHUDWXUH$VFKLOGUHQP\FODVVPDWHVDQG,DOZD\V
PDGHIXQRIWKHZD\6DODUUXp¶VFKDUDFWHUVVSRNH
:HWKHVXSUHPHLQKDELWDQWVRIWKHFDSLWDOFLW\
UHMHFWHGWKHDXWRFKWKRQRXVVSHHFKIRUEHLQJD
³GHJUHHEHORZXV´)RUWKLVWUDQVODWLRQ,UHDGDQG
UHUHDGWKHERRNLQ6SDQLVKDQGEHFDPHLQIDWXDWHG
ZLWKWKHDPRXQWRILQIRUPDWLRQWKDW,GLGQ¶WNQRZ
DQGZLWKWKHIDFWWKDWPRVWRIWKHVHZRUGVWKDW
DUHSDUWRIRXUGDLO\VSHHFKKDGEHHQLJQRUHGLQ
GLFWLRQDULHVDQGLQWKHRI¿FLDOOLWHUDWXUH
0\UHQGHULQJRI6DODUUXp¶VZRUNLQWR(QJOLVK
LVVLJQL¿FDQWIRUWKHVWXG\RIFXOWXUDOHYROXWLRQ
DQGWRGHH[RWLFL]HWKHEHOLHIWKDWRQHFDQIHHO
LQGLJHQRXVE\YLVLWLQJWKHDUFKHRORJLFDOVLWHVZKLOH
6DOYDGRUDQVNHHSinvisibilizingWKHLQGLJHQRXV
SHRSOHVLQIURQWRIWKHP,WLVP\KRSHWKDWP\
WUDQVODWLRQZLOOVKHGQHZOLJKWRQRXUQDWLRQ¶V
WURXEOHGSDVWVRWKDWZHFDQOHDUQWRDYRLGPDNLQJ
WKHVDPHPLVWDNHVLQWKHIXWXUH
Número 14‡‡ISSN 1023-0890
3RUKDEHUQDFLGRHQ6DQ6DOYDGRUODFDSLWDO
GHOSDtVHVWXYHH[SXHVWRDODVGLIHUHQFLDVHQOD
VHPiQWLFDODVLQWD[LV\ODIRQRORJtD)XLWHVWLJR
GHORVFDPELRVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV\DTXHPXFKDV
GHODVSREODFLRQHVPiVUXUDOHVPLJUDEDQDOD
PHWUySROLHQEXVFDGHXQDYLGDPHMRU0LSURSLR
YRFDEXODULRHVWDEDFDPELDQGRFRQORVWLHPSRV\
VLHPSUHPHIDVFLQyHOYRFDEXODULRTXHXVDEDWtR
/XLV(UDRULJLQDULRGH6DQ0LJXHOSHURVHPXGy
D6DQWD$QDHQHOH[WUHPRRSXHVWRGHOSDtV\SRU
WDQWRKDEODEDGHODYDULHGDGGHHVSDxRODODTXH
KDEtDVLGRH[SXHVWR
$ORODUJRGHPLHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDWHQtDPRVTXH
OHHUCuentos de barroGH6DODUUXpFRPRSDUWHGHO
FDQRQGHODOLWHUDWXUDVDOYDGRUHxDHQHOVLVWHPD
HGXFDWLYR\DTXHHUDHO³SDGUH´GHODOLWHUDWXUD
VDOYDGRUHxD&RPRpUDPRVQLxRVPLVFRPSDxHURV
\\RVLHPSUHQRVEXUOiEDPRVGHODIRUPDLQFXOWDHQ
TXHKDEODEDQORVSHUVRQDMHVGH6DODUUXp1RVRWURV
ORVKDELWDQWHVVXSUHPRVGHODFLXGDGFDSLWDO
UHFKD]iEDPRVHOGLVFXUVRDXWyFWRQRSRUHVWDU³XQ
JUDGRSRUGHEDMRGHQRVRWURV´3DUDHVWDWUDGXFFLyQ
KHOHtGR\UHOHtGRHOOLEURHQHVSDxRO\PHHQORTXHFt
FRQODFDQWLGDGGHLQIRUPDFLyQTXHQRFRQRFtD\FRQ
HOKHFKRGHTXHODPD\RUtDGHHVWDVSDODEUDVTXHVRQ
SDUWHGHQXHVWUDKDEODFRWLGLDQDVHKDEtDQLJQRUDGR
HQORVGLFFLRQDULRV\HQODOLWHUDWXUDR¿FLDO
0LWUDEDMRGHWUDGXFLUD6DODUUXpDOLQJOpVHV
LPSRUWDQWHSDUDHOHVWXGLRGHODHYROXFLyQFXOWXUDO
\SDUDdesexotizarODFUHHQFLDGHTXHXQRSXHGH
YDORUDUQXHVWUDVUDtFHV\VHQWLUVHLQGtJHQDDOYLVLWDUORV
VLWLRVDUTXHROyJLFRVPLHQWUDVTXHORVVDOYDGRUHxRV
LQYLVLELOL]DPRVDORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVTXHHVWiQ
IUHQWHDQRVRWURV(VPLDQKHORTXHPLWUDGXFFLyQ
WUDLJDQXHYDOX]VREUHHOSDVDGRWXUEXOHQWRGHQXHVWUD
QDFLyQSDUDTXHSRGDPRVDSUHQGHUDQRFRPHWHUORV
PLVPRVHUURUHVHQHOIXWXUR
ÍSTMICA 161
NELSON LÓPEZ
Número‡‡ISSN 1023-0890
La pestaña de enfrente
,I$QGUpV%HOORFRQVLGHUHGWKHXVHRIWKHSURQRXQ
vosDERPLQDEOHIRUGHFDGHVDQGEHFDXVH6DODUUXp
FKRVHWKHYHUQDFXODUWRWHOOWKHVHWDOHVCuentos de
BarroZDVDOVRUHJDUGHGDVVXEVWDQGDUGOLWHUDWXUH
E\LWVRZQSHRSOHDVRSSRVHGWRWKHERRNVWKDW
XSKROG³SURSHU´6SDQLVK,QTales of ClayKH
PHUJHVWKHXQLYHUVDOZLWKWKHORFDOWKHUHOLJLRXV
ZLWKWKHP\WKLFDOWKHXUEDQZLWKWKHUXUDODQG
WKHYHUQDFXODUZLWKWKHRUGLQDU\ODQJXDJHDQG
6DODUUXpFKRVHWKH³ODQJXDJHRIWKHSHRSOH´WR
FRQYH\KLVVWRULHVEHFDXVHKHNQHZWKHP
6L$QGUpV%HOORFRQVLGHUDEDTXHHOXVRGHO³YRV´
HUDDERPLQDEOHGXUDQWHGpFDGDV\GHELGRDTXH
6DODUUXpHOLJLyODOHQJXDYHUQiFXODSDUDFRQWDUVXV
FXHQWRV, ORV Cuentos de BarroWDPELpQKDQVLGR
HWLTXHWDGRVSRUORVPLVPRVVDOYDGRUHxRVFRPR
OLWHUDWXUDGHLQIHULRUFDOLGDGDGLIHUHQFLDGHRWURV
OLEURVTXHVHFRQVLGHUDQFRPRHVSDxRO³FRUUHFWR´
(QCuentos de barroVHIXQGHORXQLYHUVDOFRQ
ORORFDOORUHOLJLRVRFRQORPtWLFRORXUEDQRFRQ
ORUXUDO\ODOHQJXDYHUQiFXODFRQHOOHQJXDMH
RUGLQDULR\6DODUUXpHOLJLyOD³OHQJXDGHOSXHEOR´
SDUDWUDQVPLWLUVXVKLVWRULDVSRUTXHORVFRQRFtD
6DODUUXpZDVERUQLQ:HVWHUQ(O6DOYDGRUZKLFK
ZDVWKHODVW³LQGLJHQRXVUHVHUYDWLRQ´RIWKH3LSLO
SHRSOHLQWKHFRXQWU\DQGLWZDVDOVRWKHORFDWLRQ
RIWKH0DVVDFUHWKDWHUDGLFDWHGWKHPLQ
6DODUUXpJUHZXSVXUURXQGHGE\WKHLQGLJHQRXV
FXOWXUHVDQGODQJXDJHVRIWKHQDWLYHJURXSVDVZHOO
DVWKH³HGXFDWHG´ODQJXDJHVSRNHQE\KLVIDPLO\
7KXVWKHUHDGHURI6DODUUXpDVSRSXODUOLWHUDWXUH
PXVWQRZRYHUFRPHWKHEHOLHIWKDWUHDGLQJTales
of ClayLVUHDGLQJDERXWWKRVHDGLVWDQWthose
ZLWKRXWHGXFDWLRQDQGHPEUDFHRXULQGLJHQRXV
DQFHVWU\WKDWZHDOOVKDUH7KLVWUDQVODWLRQLVSDUW
RIP\GRFWRUDOGLVVHUWDWLRQIURP%LQJKDPWRQ
8QLYHUVLW\7KHUHPDLQLQJIRXUSDUWVZLOOVHHWKH
OLJKWODWHURQLQWKLVVHULHVRI(8'%
6DODUUXpQDFLyHQHORHVWHGH(O6DOYDGRUOXJDU
GHO~OWLPR³EDVWLyQLQGtJHQD´GHORVSLSLOHVHQ
HOSDtV\IXHWDPELpQHOOXJDUGHODPDVDFUHTXH
ORVHUUDGLFDUDHQ6DODUUXpFUHFLyURGHDGR
GHODVFXOWXUDV\OHQJXDVGHORVJUXSRVLQGtJHQDV
DVtFRPRODOHQJXDKDEODGDSRUVXIDPLOLD'H
WDOPDQHUDHOOHFWRUGH6DODUUXpFRPROLWHUDWXUD
SRSXODUGHEHVXSHUDUODFUHHQFLDGHTXHOHHU
Cuentos de barroHVOHHUVREUHDTXHOORVXQGLVWDQWH
aquellosVLQHGXFDFLyQ\DFHSWDUQXHVWUDKHUHQFLD
DQFHVWUDOLQGtJHQDTXHWRGRVFRPSDUWLPRV(VWD
WUDGXFFLyQHVSDUWHGHPLWHVLVGHGRFWRUDGRGHOD
8QLYHUVLGDGGH1XHYD<RUNHQ%LQJKDPWRQ/DV
UHVWDQWHVFXDWURSDUWHVYHUiQODOX]PiVDGHODQWHHQ
HVWDVHULHGHOD(8'%
162 SECCIÓN CRÍTICA LITERARIA
Descargar