Pobres, humildes y miserables en la Edad Media
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Pobres, humildes y miserables en la Edad Media The Poor, the Humble and the Miserable in the Middle Ages G uillermo A ntonio G arcía En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VI, núm. 12, julio-diciembre, 2012, pp. 199-204. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México Distrito Federal, México En-claves del Pensamiento, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1870-879X [email protected] [email protected] Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México México POBRES, HUMILDES Y MISERABLES EN LA EDAD MEDIA <%00#=!"<14>50!"!"#$%&'()*+,-.%&(/(+,&%$0#-%&(%1(-0(2.0.(3%.,0. 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'=#01#!"'(J0#=577#!"b%7=/J#0"k/(J7P#"H"b%0%(1#"4%(=#7%("4%("/("()*57%"4%(E1352 7#605"35"500%E+"c/57%("1*9%7=#(=5E"45(=7%E"75459=%75E"35"0%E"9%675E!"E%675"=%3%" entre los siglos XIV"H"XVI!"#(=5"0#"1(*1(5(=5"4#=QE=7%D5"97%3/413#"9%7"31D575(=5E" 9#(35*1#E!"5(=75"500#E!"0#"95E=5"(5J7#+"N0"1(=571%7"35"0%E">%E91=#05E"E5"%6E57F#(" 4#*61%E" E1J(1T4#=1F%E" 5(" 0#" 4#013#3" 35" #=5(41L(" #0" 9%675+"N0" 1*90#(=#7E5" 0#E" (/5F#E"9%0P=14#E">%E91=#0#71#E!"50"1(=57(%"=/F%"/("0/J#7"(%"EL0%"9#7#"5(F5.5457"H" *%717!"E1(%"9#7#"#01F1#7E5"#"=7#FAE"35"*5313#E"=57#9A/=14#ES"0%"(/5F%"D/5"#9014#7" EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204. -8-" _/10057*1(#"N(=%(1%"_#74P# 50"4%(459=%"35"=57#91#!"0%"4/#0"#"E/"F5G"D#F%7541L"50"97%J75E%"350"d#7=5"*A314%e+" @17/.#(%E!"6#7657%E!"F1E1=#E"3%*14101#71#E"35"957E%(#0"*A314%"4%(=716/H57%("#" #01F1#7"0#"5(D57*53#3"350"d9%675e+"'J/#0*5(=5!"E/7J157%("4#E#E"9#7#"5(D57*%E" *5(=#05E!"#E10%E!"0/J#75E"35"1(=57(#41L("9#7#"*#71(%E!"95E4#3%75E!"75D/J1%"9#7#" #77595(=13#E!"5=4A=57#+" V5(=7%"350"Q*61=%"./7P314%"5("*#=571#"41F10!"50"#9%H%"H"97%=5441L("#0"9%675"=/F%" 31F57E#E"*#(1D5E=#41%(5E+"l#"(%"E%0#*5(=5"0#"'J05E1#"E5"%7J#(1G#6#"9#7#"#=5(357" 0#E"(545E13#35E"350"9%675+"N>%7#!"/(#"(/5F#"D/57G#"5(4#65G#3#"H"3171J13#"9%7" 0%E"75H5E"E5"957T0#6#"4%*%"4%*905*5(=%"9#7#"E%4%7757"#0"*1E57#605+"NEP!"9%7" 5.5*90%!"50"#7G%61E9%"k1(4*#7%"35"R51*E!"E5$#0#6#"K/5"/(%"35"0%E"356575E" 350"75H"57#">#45705E"./E=141#!"d5E4/4>#7"0#"K/5.#"35"0%E"9%675E"H"35"0%E"3A6105E" 4%(=7#"0%E"#6/E%E"35"0%E"4/#05E"E%("FP4=1*#Ee"[9+";g\S"500%"1(M/HL"5("50"E/7J12 *15(=%"35"0#"135#"350"6/5("75H!"./5G"5K/1=#=1F%!"97%=54=%7"35"0%E"*5(5E=57%E%E+" I("5E#"(/5F#"D#E5!"50"75E/7J1*15(=%"35"0#E"41/3#35E"=/F%"/("9#950"1*9%7=#(=5" 9%7K/5"957*1=1L"0#"#957=/7#"35"(/5F%E"4#(#05E"35"97%=5441L("#0"9%675+"b#/0#2 =1(#*5(=5!"E5"D/5"J5E=#(3%"0#"135#"35"D7#=57(13#3"H"E%013#713#3!"H"4%("500%"/(#" (/5F#"*17#3#"5("0#"4/#0"0#"1(=57F5(41L("35"0%E"97P(4195E"#671L"(/5F%E"4#(#05E" 35"97%=5441L(!"9%7"5.5*90%!"0#"4%7%(#"35"N7#JL("475L"/(#"01*%E(57P#"1(E=1=/13#" 9%7"b537%"'&"50"Ceremonioso+"@%*%"1(E=1=/41L(!"0#"01*%E(57P#"E5">1G%"975E5(=5" 5("*%(#E=571%E"H">%E91=#05E+"`1*/0=Q(5#*5(=5!"D/57%("1(E=#/7#3#E"0#E"TJ/7#E" ./7P314#E"35"/("d97%4/7#3%7"350"*1E57#605e"[,f;f\"H!"/("d9#375"35"0%E">/A7D#(%ES" 50"971*57%!"=5(P#"9%7"%601J#41L("F1E1=#7"H"#=5(357"0#E"4Q74505E!"005F#(3%"#01*5(=%E" H"F1J10#(3%"9#7#"K/5"/("*A314%"0%E"F1E1=#E5"E5*#(#0*5(=5S"50"E5J/(3%!"57#"50" 5(4#7J#3%"35"0#"./F5(=/3"#6#(3%(#3#!"3%=#6#"#"0#E"*/4>#4>#E"H"97%4/7#6#" =7#6#.%"#"0%E"#975(3145E+"NE1*1E*%!"E%675E#05"0#"975E5(41#"35"/("d#6%J#3%"35" 0%E"9%675ESe"#0"75E954=%"_/10057*%"b5H7#/0="=7#GL"/(#"*%7#0"35"0#"97%D5E1L("350" #6%J#3%"H"35T(1L"E/E"75E9%(E#61013#35E"75E954=%"#"0%E"9%675E+"N0J/(%E"#$%E" *QE"=#735!"0#"'J05E1#"#0"4#(%(1G#7"#"'F5E"35"?7AJ/157!"0%"97%9%(P#"4%*%"*%350%" #"0%E"./545E"H"#6%J#3%ES"0#"14%(%J7#DP#"9%9/0#7"0%"75975E5(=#"7%35#3%"35"E/E" 4015(=5E!"0#"F1/3#"H"50">/A7D#(%+"b%7"E/"9#7=5!"5("@#E=100#!"N0D%(E%"m'"[,ff^\"752 J0#*5(=L"0%E">%(%7#71%E"H"%601JL"#"0%E"#04#035E"#"97%9%741%(#7"/("#6%J#3%"#"0%E" 9%675E+"IB1E=5"9/5E!"/(#"97%=5441L("H#"4%("/("4#7Q4=57"905(#*5(=5"1(E=1=/41%(#0" #F#0#3%"9%7"(%7*#E"H"05H5E+" <+"<%00#=!"E5$#0#"%=7#"4#7#4=57PE=14#"K/5"957*5L"50"4%*9%7=#*15(=%"E%41#0"5(" =%7(%"#"0%E"9%675E!"E5"=7#=#"35"E/"4#7Q4=57"#*61J/%!"*#(1T5E=%"9%7"0#"314%=%*P#" 35"E/"#459=#41L("Hn%"754>#G%+"b%7"5.5*90%!"/(#"957E%(#"*#(3#"F5E=17"#"415(=%" E5E5(=#"H"(/5F5"35E314>#3%E!"957%"(%"5E4%(35"K/5"9#7#"A0"0#"9%675G#"5E=Q" #E%41#3#"#"0#"F57JO5(G#"H"#"0#"D5#03#3+"`1"615("5B1E=5"/(#"4%(415(41#"E%41#0"9#7#" 97%=5J57"#"0%E"9%675E"H"577#314#7"0#"9%675G#!"#0"*1E*%"=15*9%!"E5"05E"*17#"4%(" EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204. R5E5$#" -8f 35E3A(+"b%7"/("0#3%!"E5"#4%(E5.#6#"K/5"50"d9%675e"#E/*157#"4%("9#415(41#"E/" 4%(3141L("*1E57#605!"9/5E"AE#"57#"E/"E/57=5"4%("50"d957*1E%"35"V1%EeS"9%7"0#" %=7#!"5("4#*61%!"0#"9%675G#"57#"F1E=#"4%("35E97541%">/*100#(=5!"0%E"9%675E"57#(" d759/0E1F%E!"*#0%015(=5E!"1(31J(%Ee+" o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dh/5(%E"i1$%Ee"5("a%(375E!"K/5"#459=#6#"H"4/13#6#"#"(1$%E"dE1("D%7=/(#e!"5(" 41/3#35E"4%*%"a1005!"`#("U*57%!"V%/#1"#=5(3P#"#"0%E">/A7D#(%E"H"(1$%E"957313%E!" 9#7#"=#0"T("E5"5(4%*5(3#6#"#"4157=%E"%T41#05E"00#*#3%E"70$.8"$9)%1%& cuidar 35"500%E"H"35"E/E">575(41#E"H!"3#3%"50"4#E%!"957*1=17"E/"1(J75E%"#"0%E"%T41%E"H" 4%D7#3P#E"#"0#E"K/5">#6P#("957=5(5413%"E/E"9#375E+"V5"0#"*1E*#"D%7*#!"50"d9#375" 35"0%E">/A7D#(%Ee!"H#"*5(41%(#3%"#(=571%7*5(=5!"=/F%"/("9#950"D/(3#*5(=#0"5(" 0#"97%=5441L("#"0%E"*5(%75E+"NK/P"=5(5*%E"0#"7#PG"*5315F#0"35"0#"97%=5441L("#0" *5(%7!"K/5"9#E#7Q"*QE"=#735"#"0#"i/5F#"IE9#$#!"0#"4/#0"=5(37Q"4%*%"%6.5=1F%" 971(419#0"97%=5J57"E/"F13#"H"E/E"615(5E"H!"4%*%"%6.5=1F%"E54/(3#71%!"97%F55705E"35" 0%E"754/7E%E!">#61013#35E"H"35E=75G#E"9#7#"4%(F57=170%E!"*QE"=#735!"5(">%*675E" H"*/.575E")=105E"H"97%3/4=1F%E"#"0#"E%4153#3!"F#E#00%E"35"E/"*#.5E=#3"H"31J(%E" T505E"35"V1%E"H"35"0#"'J05E1#+" I("75E/*5(!"50"=5B=%"35"<+"<%00#=!"F#05"0#"95(#"E57"05P3%"9/5E"(%E"3#"/(#"135#" #*901#"5"1(=575E#(=5"#4574#"35"0#"9%675G#"H"0%E"9%675E"3/7#(=5"0#"I3#3"<531#+" N"31D575(41#"35"%=7%E"=5B=%E"K/5"4%(4165("5E=5"9571%3%">1E=L714%"4%*%"/("E1J0%" d%E4/7%e!"50"#/=%7"(%E"975E5(=#"/("*/(3%"5("4%(=1(/%"4#*61%"H"=7#(ED%7*#41L(!" 75J/0#3%"9%7"(%7*#E"./7P314#E"41F105E"H"5405E1QE=14#E"475#3#E"9#7#"E#=1ED#457"0#E" (545E13#35E"35"E/"E%4153#3S"H"=#*61A(!"9%7"/(#"975E5(41#"31F1(#"%735(#3%7#"H" ./E=14157#+"b#7#"4%(%457"5E5"/(1F57E%!"50"#/=%7"1(3#J#"5("/(#"J7#("F#7153#3"35" D/5(=5E"3%4/*5(=#05E"K/5"4%*975(35("0%E"E1J0%E"F"#0"XVI+"I("500#E"35E4/675"0#" 97%=5441L("1(E=1=/41%(#0"671(3#3#"#0"9%675S">%E91=#05E!"*%(#E=571%E!"01*%E(#E!" 3%=#41%(5E"5("J7#(%E"H"5D54=1F%!"5(=75"%=7%E!"4%(D%7*#("0#"#H/3#"*#=571#0S"0#" 5E9171=/#0"5E"%=%7J#3#"9%7"7501J1%E%E"#"=7#FAE"350"*%350%"35"@71E=%+"pV5"K/A" %=7#"*#(57#"9%37P#"E57"5("/("=15*9%"H"5E9#41%"4%*905=#*5(=5"471E=1#(%q"pN" K/A"%=7%"754/7E%"9%37P#"754/7717E5"9#7#"005J#7"#"0#"4%(415(41#"350"1(31F13/%q"`1" 615("5E"4157=%"K/5"0#"01*%E(#"671(3L"/("9#01#=1F%"#"*105E"35"9%675E!"=#*61A("5E" 4157=%"K/5"(%"E%0#*5(=5"%D7541L"#0"3%(#(=5"0#"4755(41#"35"K/5"E#0F#7P#"E/"#0*#!" E1(%"K/5"4%(E=1=/HL"0#"4755(41#"457=57#"35"/(#"05H"75J13#"9%7"V1%E+"N0"T(#01G#7"0#" EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204. -8;" _/10057*1(#"N(=%(1%"_#74P# I3#3"<531#"0#"9%675G#"31E*1(/HL"J7#41#E"#"0#E"*5313#E"1*905*5(=#3#E"9#7#" 577#314#70#!" 957%" (%" 35E#9#7541L!" 5(" 905(%" E1J0%" XXI" E/" 4#7Q4=57" 9575((5" E5" *#(=15(5"5("J7#3%E"31F57E%E"5("50"*/(3%"5(=57%+ GUILLERMINA ANTONIO GARCÍA* c54>#"35"7545941L(W"8]n,,n-8,, c54>#"35"#459=#41L(W"-:n8fn-8,, r"c#4/0=#3"35"c10%E%DP#"H"a5=7#E!"o(1F57E13#3"i#41%(#0"N/=L(%*#"35"<AB14%!"<AB14%!"J/100572 *1(#-;8gsH#>%%+4%*+*B EN­CLAVES del pensamiento, año VI, núm. 12, julio­diciembre 2012, pp. 199­204.
