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`ljmobkpfs^ ab i^p ibqo^p ab i^p `^k`flkbp nrb
e^k qbkfal `ljl ^odrjbkql abpq^`^o i^ pfqr^`f”k
abi jfdo^kqb i^qfkl^jbof`^kl+ abpab bi jljbkql
bk nrb qlj” i^ ab`fpf”k ab j^o`e^opb e^pq^ pr
bpq^a’^ bk ^id•k m^’p abp^oolii^al abi mofjbo
jrkal- Epq^ ^``f”k bjmobkafa^ mlo i^ ml_i^`f”k
e^ pfal abqbojfk^kqb bk bi ^`lkqb`bo abjldo•cf`l
ab cfk^ibp abi pfdil XX b fkf`flp abi mobpbkqb
jfibkfl `lk obmbo`rpflkbp afcbobk`f^a^p q^kql bk
bi m^’p ab lofdbk `ljl bk bi ab abpqfkl- Sb e^k
rqfifw^al+ `ljl fkprjl bjm’of`l+ ibqo^p ab
`^k`flkbp nrb e^`bk jbk`f”k ^i jfdo^kqb+ mlo
`lkpqfqrfopb ‘pq^p bk rk^ j^kfcbpq^`f”k
fkbnr’sl`^jbkqb pl`f^i- Llp mol`bplp pr_gbqfslp
nrb i^ j•pf`^ molsl`^ plk `riqro^ijbkqb
`lkp`fbkqbp‡ mlo i^ `lj_fk^`f”k ab fjdbkbp+
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lc qeb ivof`p qe^q e^sb ^p ^k ^odrjbkq ql efdeifdeq
qeb pfqr^qflk lc L^qfk Ajbof`^k jfdo^kqp+ colj
qeb jljbkq qebv ab`faba ib^sfkd ql pq^v fk ^kv
absbilmba `lrkqov fk qeb cfopq tloia- Tefp ^`qflk
q^hbk _v qeb mlmri^qflk e^p _bbk fkpqorjbkq^i
fk qeb abjldo^mef` bsbkqp lc qeb i^qb qtbkqfbqe
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lc lofdfk ^ka lc abpqfk^qflk- Tebv e^sb _bbk rpba
^p bjmfof`^i fkmrq+ ivof`p qe^q jbkqflk qeb jfdo^kq+
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pbkp^qflkp+ jbjlofbp ^ka abpfobp- Teb ^k^ivpfp
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pb`lkakbpp ^ka qefoakbpp- Tebv tbob mobcbo^_iv
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mlmri^obp nrb e^k qbkfal `ljl ^odrjbkql
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molq^dlkfw^a^ mlo ^`qlobp pl`f^ibp nrb abg^k prp
m^’pbp ab lofdbk m^o^ afofdfopb ^ lqolp `ljl
ird^obp ab abpqfkl ,jfdo^`f”k fkqbok^`flk^i,+ jp
`lk`obq^jbkqb ilp nrb jfdo^k abpab Aj‘of`^
L^qfk^ e^`f^ bi mofjbo jrkal+ `ljl rk^ ^``f”k
nrb e^ pfal abqbojfk^kqb bk bi ^`lkqb`bo
abjldo•cf`l ab cfk^ibp abi pfdil XX b fkf`flp abi
mobpbkqb jfibkfl v nrb e^ `lkiibs^al ^ jr`elp
abj”do^clp ^ `lkpfabo^o bi jljbkql ^`qr^i
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bufpqbkqb pl_ob bi slirjbk ab ml_i^`f”k
fkslir`o^a^ bk ilp abpmi^w^jfbkqlp ab i^
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abjldocf`l kl qfbkb mob`babkqbp efpq”of`lp- P^o^
bi `^pl `lk`obql ab Aj‘of`^ L^qfk^+ bi cirgl ab
jfdo^kqbp+ ab ^`rboal ^ afcbobkqbp crbkqbp
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i^p `^k`flkbp nrb il
e^k moflofw^al `ljl
qbj^ ab fkpmfo^`f”k; Ooabk^o i^p ibqo^p ab i^p
`^k`flkbp obp`^q^kal ilp `lk`bmqlp
pbkpf_fifw^alobp nrb a^o•k pbkqfal `ljmobkpfsl
^i bpnrbj^ ab fksbpqfd^`f”k; v Cljmlkbo rk
efjkl ^i jfdo^kqb bk _^pb ^ i^p obdri^ofa^abp
qbj•qf`^p ab rk Q]ZZOUS ab ibqo^p ab `^k`flkbp+
moflofw^kal i^p fab^p rq”mf`^p jp prdbpqfs^pL^ pbib``f”k ab i^p `^k`flkbp 'rk ml`l ^i ^w^o(+
pb efwl mbkp^kal bk bk`lkqo^o ibqo^p nrb `rbkqbk
m^p^gbp pl_ob i^ sfa^ abi jfdo^kqb v nrb pb^k
prp`bmqf_ibp ab pbo ^k^ifw^a^p `ljmobkpfs^jbkqbDb bpq^ j^kbo^+ i^p ibqo^p ab i^p `^k`flkbp crbolk
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ilp fkprjlp pl_ob ilp `r^ibp pb `lkpqorv” krbpqol
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loabk^kal ilp `lk`bmqlp pbkpf_fifw^alobp nrb pb
buqo^’^k ab i^p jfpj^p `^k`flkbpEi qo^_^gl bpq• afsfafal bk `r^qol wbS[a# fk`irfa^
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pl_ob ilp qbuqlp ab i^p `^k`flkbp pbib``flk^a^p
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lofdbk `ljl bk bi ab abpqfkl- Ffk^ijbkqb+ bk bi
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jfdo^kqb eb`el mob`fp^jbkqb `lk `^k`flkbpE8L=JA8D Q EyLG<GK
Sf ^idl `^o^`qbofw^ ^i mbkp^jfbkql pl`f^i v bk
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^ap`of_fopb ^ rk^ jbqlalild’^ •kf`^- L^ ob^ifa^a+
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abqbojfk^a^ mbopmb`qfs^ bmfpqbjli”df`^- Ek bpqb
pbkqfal bi bkclnrb •S[WQ‡ pb mobpbkq^ `ljl bi qfml
ab fksbpqfd^`f”k jp mo”ufjl ^ krbpqol
molm”pfql ab bpqraf^o ^i jfdo^kqb fkqbok^`flk^i+
mlo pbo rk afpb“l _pf`^jbkqb ^_fboql- Epqb
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fksbpqfd^`f”k mlonrb pb“^i^k bi loabk nrb
ab_^jlp pbdrfo bk bi mol`bpl `ljmobkpfsl ab i^
^``f”k pl`f^i abi jfdo^kqb- L^ fab^ ab mofjbofa^a
e^`b obcbobk`f^ ^i pbo bk p’ jfpjl 'bi jfdo^kqb( v
pr bufpqbk`f^ bp fkabmbkafbkqb ab `r^inrfbo lqo^
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nrb ^idrfbk e^`b abi pbo 'i^p ibqo^p ab i^p
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i^ jbaf^`f”k 'fksbpqfd^alo( mlo jbafl ab i^ `r^i
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pbdrka^Sb qo^q^ ab `lkpqorfo afp`roplp `lk ^odrjbkqlp
nrb prog^k ab i^ ib`qro^ ab bpqolc^p v.l
co^djbkqlp ab i^p ibqo^p ab i^p `^k`flkbp
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mQ]ZZOUS‡ ab ^`rboal ^ q”mf`lp m^oqf`ri^obp+ a^kal
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nrb kl ^pmfo^jlp ^ kfkdrk^ bu`irpfsfa^a bk
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`lk`bmqlp pbkpf_fifw^alobp plk qlj^alp ab ilp
^rqlobp i^p `^k`flkbp nrb fkpmfo^olk m^o^ obcbofopb
^ i^ pfqr^`f”k v.l ^``f”k abi jfdo^kqb+ v^ nrb plk
ilp nrb sflibkq^k bk jbklo do^al bi jrkal abi
jfdo^kqb ^i nrb qo^q^jlp ab `ljmobkabo bk pr
^``f”k fkpqorjbkq^iJ=KMDL8<GK Q <AK;MKA|F
Dbi ^k•ifpfp `ljmobkpfsl ab i^p ibqo^p ab i^p
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nrb e^ mrbpql bk bsfabk`f^+ mlo rk^ m^oqb+ ^
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abp^oolii^o ^``flkbp m^o^ `lkpqorfo rk jlabil
^iqbok^qfsl ab abp^ooliil v `lk j^vlo bnrfa^a
pl`f^i m^o^ pr ml_i^`f”k- Epql e^ a^al `ljl
obpriq^al nrb i^p mboplk^p qbkd^k nrb ^_^kalk^o
prp m^’pbp _rp`^kal lmloqrkfa^abp-
Ei qbkbo nrb qlj^o i^ ab`fpf”k ab jfdo^o+ bp rk^
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