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Cuando uno viaja por la América del Sur— Y supongo que en las otras
partes de América sucede lo mismo —la comunicación con los naturales del propio país se produce de una manera sencillísima. Uno habla
con ellos, convive mas a menos con ellos, discute. Casi lodos los
catalanes que viven en la América del Sur tienen una situación
plausible.
En Europa se vive del hábito. En América se vive de la esperanza
permanente. Pero luego resulta que el emigrante, después de haber
ordenado con caracteres francamente positivos su vida material,
empieza a añorarse como un becerro separado do las mamas da la
vaca. Y aquí da comienza el gran problema del emigrante de primera
generación, que es el que en definitiva cuenta. Años atrás definí al
catalán como un animal que se añora. En la América del Sur esta
modesta definición queda documentada en términos abrumadores,
inauditos. Esta añoranza tiene muchos motivos: se añora menos el
emigrante pobre, poseído de ilusiones de riqueza, dispuesto a trabajar
y a salir adelante, que el tipo de la clase media, que por el hecho de
ganarse mejor la vida trabajando menos tiene ya pretensiones y. por
tanto, momentos de vacío. A América hay que ir de joven. Hay que ir
de pobre. Y. sobre todo, hay que ir de ignorante, de burro, porque si
hay una cosa que perturba la ascensión de un hombre en América es
la cultura europea de tercera o cuarta mano o sea la cultura
meramente recreativa. En Europa la cultura recreativa no hace ningún daño porque no es obstáculo a que la persona que hace gala de
ella en el café o entre los amigos no conozca un oficio de una manera
completa. Ir a América sin oficio y con cultura puede degenerar en una
aventura tristísima. Y luego hay el tipo que se añora más, que es el
rico, es decir, el tipo que ha de reflexionar aunque no quiera. Todo le
añora al rico: la imposibilidad de comer un arroz de pescado como el
que comió en el país de chico, o un congrio con guisantes, o las patatas
tempranas que se daban en el huertecillo de sus padres antes de
marcharse a América. Por esto sugerí años atrás que la añoranza no
tiene nada que ver con las grandes palabrotas de las gacetillas patrióticas, sino más bien con el recuerdo de las sensaciones palatales
antiguas. Para no decir arcaicas — para entendernos —, aunque lo
arcaico sea un término relativo y puramente puesto en relación con la
irrisoria cantidad de años que el ser humano pasa en la corteza de la
Tierra.
Sin embargo, en un punto determinado parecen estar de acuerdo todos
los emigrantes: pobres, menos pobres y ricos. En no querer morir en el
país que les ha acogido. Todos tienen una ilusión permanente y
continuada: morir y ser enterrados en su pueblo, a poder ser en su
pueblo natal, mezclarse con su propia tierra. En una época en que casi
todo lo propicio se ha terminado produce una gran impresión
encontrar gentes que necesitan un cementerio propio e indiscutible.
Pero esta es la idea-fuerza del emigrante de primera generación en
América. Regresar. Volver. Volver aunque no sea más que para morir
y ser enterrado en su propio cementerio. En definitiva el trabajo, el
trabajo de toda la vida, no se hace más que para ser enterrado en la
propia tierra.
— ¿Y por qué tiene usted este horror a ser enterrado en la
Chacarita? — le preguntaba a un emigrante de nuestro país en
Buenos Aires.
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