Un caso exitoso de negociación diplomática : el reconocimiento de

Un caso exitoso de negociación diplomática:
el reconocimiento de la República Popular
China.
Bonilla Saus, Javier
Universidad ORT Uruguay
Da Ronch, Diego
Universidad ORT Uruguay
Castro, Guzmán
Universidad ORT Uruguay
Brum, Pablo
Universidad ORT Uruguay
Noviembre 2007
Abstract
Desde la división de China entre el gobierno de Taipei y el de la República Popular, en 1949, el Uruguay mantuvo relaciones
diplomáticas con el primero. Para 1985, nuestro país era uno de los pocos del mundo que no tenía relaciones con el gigante asiático
continental. Tras casi tres años de gestión diplomática, el tres de febrero de 1988, el Uruguay reconocía oficialmente a la República
Popular como la única China y establecía relaciones diplomáticas con ella. Dicho reconocimiento fue el resultado de una serie de
procesos políticos, de carácter interno y externo, que impulsaron a diversos tomadores de decisión a optar por el establecimiento de
relaciones diplomáticas con la República Popular de China (RPC)1 . El proceso a través del cual se decidió y gestionó esta iniciativa
diplomática fue particularmente complejo. Este trabajo pretende reconstruir el laborioso camino por el cual se van, primero, creando
las condiciones para construir un diálogo sustantivo con la RPC y, posteriormente, se generan las decisiones que conducen a un
cambio trascendente en el posicionamiento del país en el ámbito internacional. Este cambio del país en la cuestión de “las dos Chinas”
requirió, además de montar la nueva relación con la RPC, instrumentar el proceso de neutralización de la política de Taiwán y de su
“lobby”, particularmente activo durante el régimen de facto presente en Uruguay desde 1973. El reconocimiento de la RPC puede
catalogarse como un caso exitoso de negociación diplomática y es un buen ejemplo de definición y ejecución de la política exterior
del Uruguay. La necesidad del despliegue de buena parte de la capacidad política y diplomática del Estado y del gobierno nacional
para obtener el objetivo fijado hace de este acontecimiento un caso de estudio de particular interés y expresa claramente la capacidad
de un país pequeño para llevar a cabo un complicado proceso diplomático en defensa de sus intereses políticos y comerciales
Palabras clave: negociaciones internacionales, relaciones diplomáticas, Uruguay,China,1985-1988
Documento de Trabajo, Nro.34, Noviembre de 2007. Universidad ORT Uruguay.
Facultad de Administración y Ciencias Sociales. ISSN 1510-7477
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