ACERCA DE LA VIABILIDAD DE LAS PROPUESTAS DE LA

ACERCA DE LA VIABILIDAD DE LAS
PROPUESTAS DE LA UNESCO PARA LA
ENSEÑANZA DE LA FILOSOFÍA EN LA
EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR1
Ángel Alonso Salas
5HVXPHQ La UNESCOSXEOLFyHQXQWH[WROODPDGR3KLORVRSK\DVFKRRORIIUHHGRP7HDFKLQJSKLORVRSK\DQGOHDUQLQJWRSKLORVRSKL]H6WDWXVDQGSURVSHFWVHQGRQGHVHFRPSDUWHQXQDVHULHGH
OLQHDPLHQWRVSUHVXSXHVWRV\MXVWLÀFDFLRQHVDFDGpPLFDVSRUODV
TXHODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDGHEHGDUVHDORODUJRGH72'$
ODIRUPDFLyQHVWXGLDQWLOGHORVHGXFDQGRV\FLXGDGDQRVGHVGH
HOQLYHOSUHHVFRODUKDVWDHOQLYHOGHSRVJUDGR(QODSUHVHQWH
SRQHQFLDVHUHÁH[LRQDUiDFHUFDGHODYLDELOLGDG\IDFWLELOLGDG
GHODVSURSXHVWDVTXHSODVPDHOGRFXPHQWRGHODUNESCO en la
(GXFDFLyQ0HGLD6XSHULRU'LFKRDQiOLVLVSDUWHGHODVFRQGLFLRQHV\VLWXDFLRQHVUHDOHVHQODVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDODGRFHQFLD
\TXHKDFHUGHODÀORVRItDDVtFRPRWDPELpQHOFRQWH[WRGHODV
FRPSHWHQFLDVOD RIEMS\ODVDVLJQDWXUDVH[LVWHQWHVHQODPDOOD
FXUULFXODUSDUDSRGHUDVtSODQWHDUORVPHFDQLVPRVDSDUWLUGH
ORVFXDOHVHVSODXVLEOHDWHUUL]DUHLQFRUSRUDUGLFKDVSURSXHVWDV
VREUHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODÀORVRItD
3DODEUDV&ODYH UNESCOÀORVRItDFRPSHWHQFLDVHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRUHVWXGLDQWHV
*
a UNESCO SXEOLFy HQ XQ WH[WR OODPDGR 3KLORVRSK\ D
VFKRRO RI IUHHGRP 7HDFKLQJ SKLORVRSK\ DQG OHDUQLQJ WR SKLORVRSKL]H6WDWXVDQGSURVSHFWVHQGRQGHVHFRPSDUWHQXQDVHULHGH
OLQHDPLHQWRVSUHVXSXHVWRV\MXVWLÀFDFLRQHVDFDGpPLFDVSRUODV
L
Ángel Alonso.
'UHQÀORVRItD'LUHFWRU
GH OD UHYLVWD Murmullos
GHO&ROHJLRGH&LHQFLDV
\ +XPDQLGDGHV GH OD
81$0
LEHURDQJLQD#\DKRR
FRPP[
© dialéctica1XHYDeSRFD$xR1~PHUR(GLFLyQHVSHFLDO
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
64
Ángel Alonso Salas
TXHODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDGHEHGDUVHDORODUJRGH72'$
ODIRUPDFLyQHVWXGLDQWLOGHORVHGXFDQGRV\FLXGDGDQRVGHVGH
HOQLYHOSUHHVFRODUKDVWDHOQLYHOGHSRVJUDGR
3DUDÀQHVGHHVWHHVFULWRVHSURFHGHUiGHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD (Q SULPHU OXJDU VH PRVWUDUi OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD HQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDHQHOQLYHOSULPDULRHVGHFLUORVQLYHOHV
GHIRUPDFLyQSUHHVFRODU\EiVLFD(QVHJXQGROXJDUHQHOQLYHO
VHFXQGDULRDVDEHUORVQLYHOHVGHVHFXQGDULD\PHGLRVXSHULRU
<ÀQDOPHQWHHQWHUFHUOXJDUODYLQFXODFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQWUHHO
QLYHO VXSHULRU \ OD HQVHxDQ]D PHGLD VXSHULRU &DEH UHVDOWDU
TXHDORODUJRGHOWH[WRVHRIUHFHUiQORVUHFXUVRV\GRFXPHQWRV
TXHSXHGHQVHUGHLQWHUpVWDQWRSDUDHOSURIHVRUFRPRDOJXQDV
UHFRPHQGDFLRQHVTXHVHGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUHQODVDSOLFDFLRQHV
TXHKDFHPRVDQXHVWURVSURJUDPDVRSHUDWLYRV
**
$SDUWLUGHOD&RQYHQFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVGHODQLxH]HQVHLQLFLyXQDUHÁH[LyQDFHUFDGHORVGHUHFKRVOLEHUWDGHV\REOLJDFLRQHVTXHVHWLHQHKDFLDHOVHFWRUGHODSREODFLyQTXHWRGDYtDQR
DOFDQ]DODPD\RUtDGHHGDG\ORVOLQHDPLHQWRVTXHGHEHQH[LVWLU\JDUDQWL]DUTXHVHFXPSOLUiQFRQGLFKRVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVHQWUHORVFXDOHVGHVWDFDHOGHUHFKRDODHGXFDFLyQ$XQDGR
DODODERUÀORVyÀFDGH0DWWKHZ/LSPDQUHIHUHQWHDOiPELWRGH
OD ´)LORVRItD SDUD ORV 1LxRVµ VH GLR XQ JLUR HQ OD UHÁH[LyQ \
TXHKDFHUÀORVyÀFR\DTXHHVWDVHQVHxDQ]DVGHDOJXQDIRUPD
VHGDEDQGHPDQHUDPX\HOHPHQWDOHQODVPDWHULDVGHFLYLVPR
\KDVWDHOQLYHOPHGLRVXSHULRUFRQDVLJQDWXUDVFRPRpWLFDOyJLFD\ÀORVRItD(QHVWHRUGHQGHLGHDVHVKDVWDÀQHVGHOVLJOR
SDVDGR FXDQGR KD VXUJLGR OD IRUPDFLyQ \ UHÁH[LyQ GHO 3&
3KLORVRSK\ IRU &KLOGUHQ TXH LPSOLFD OD HQVHxDQ]D ÀORVyÀFD
HQORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHWUHVDGRFHDxRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH\OD
PDQHUDHQTXHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVDSRUWDQXQDIRUPDFLyQÀORVyÀFDHQHOQLYHOSUHHVFRODUKDVWDHOGHODVHFXQGDULD
0LFKHO7R]]LDÀUPDTXH
>«@HOFRQFHSWRGHODLQIDQFLDTXHLPSOLFDOD3&SRVHHVLJQLÀFDWLYDVLPSOLFDFLRQHVÀORVyÀFDV¢/D3&FRQVWLWX\HpWLFDPHQWHXQDIRUPDGHYHU
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
$FHUFDGHODYLDELOLGDGGHODVSURSXHVWDVGHOD8QHVFRSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItD
65
DORVQLxRVDSDUWLUGHODVFXDOHVHOORVIRUPXOHQSUHJXQWDVH[LVWHQFLDOHV
\PHWDItVLFDV\VHFRQVWLWX\HQFRPRLQWHUORFXWRUHV´YiOLGRVµHQFRQYHUVDFLRQHVFRQORVDGXOWRV>«@IRPHQWDQGRHOGHVDUUROORUDFLRQDOGHORVLQGLYLGXRVSDUDTXHSXHGDQFRPHQ]DUDSHQVDUSRUHOORVPLVPRV"2
/RVGLYHUVRVSURJUDPDVGH3&SDUWHQGHOVXSXHVWRGHTXH
HVSRVLEOHFRPHQ]DUDHGXFDUÀORVyÀFDPHQWHDOQLxRDSDUWLU
GHOPpWRGRVRFUiWLFRGLEXMRVHQVHxDQ]DGHYDORUHV\FXHVWLRQHVEiVLFDVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRÀORVyÀFR$KRUDELHQ¢FXiOHVVRQ
ORVFRQWHQLGRVTXHSXHGHRIUHFHUODÀORVRItDSDUDODLQIDQFLD"
/D3&VXSRQHDOPHQRVVHLVDVSHFWRVPtQLPRVDVDEHUSHQVDUSRUXQRPLVPRHGXFDUSDUDIRUPDUFLXGDGDQRVUHÁH[LYRV
D\XGDU DO GHVDUUROOR SHUVRQDO GH ORV QLxRV PHMRUDU ODV KDELOLGDGHV GHO OHQJXDMH KDEOD \ GHEDWH FRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ GH OD
ÀORVRItD\HODERUDFLyQGHHVWUDWHJLDVGLGiFWLFDVDSOLFDGDVSDUD
ORVQLxRV'LFKRVDVSHFWRVGHQLQJXQDPDQHUDVRQFRQFHELGRV
HQ ODV UHIRUPDV HGXFDWLYDV UHDOL]DGDV HQ QXHVWUR SDtV D QLYHO
SUHHVFRODU R EiVLFR SRU OR TXH VH GHEHUtD FRPHQ]DU FRQ XQ
PRYLPLHQWR ÀORVyÀFR \ KXPDQLVWD TXH UHVFDWH \ UHLYLQGLTXH
ODVDVLJQDWXUDVKXPDQtVWLFDVWDQLPSRUWDQWHVHQQXHVWURFRQWH[WR6LQHPEDUJRSDUDOOHYDUDFDERGLFKRVSURSyVLWRVVHGD
SRUVXSXHVWRODH[LVWHQFLDGHLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXHSURPXHYHQORV
DVSHFWRVFXOWXUDOHVHLQWHUFXOWXUDOHVODLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQGH
OD PDOOD FXUULFXODU SUiFWLFDV \ SURJUDPDV SDUD 3& 'H HVWD
IRUPDOD3&SURSRQHGRVLÀFDUODHQVHxDQ]DGHORVFRQWHQLGRVPtQLPRV\SULQFLSDOHVGHGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHFRQRFLPLHQWRV
ÀORVyÀFRVWDOHVFRPRHOGHVDUUROORGHODFUHDWLYLGDGHLPDJLQDFLyQFRQODHODERUDFLyQGHGLEXMRVDFHUFDGHORVÀOyVRIRV\VXV
SULQFLSDOHV Pi[LPDV RIUHFHU \ IRPHQWDU HMHUFLFLRV GLDOyJLFRV
VREUH ORV SULQFLSDOHV WHPDV H[LVWHQFLDOHV GH OD LQIDQFLD DPLVWDGDPRUOLEHUWDGPXHUWHHWFpWHUDODSURPRFLyQGHGHEDWHV
DFHUFDGHSUREOHPDVGHMXVWLFLDGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV\FXHVWLRQHV LQWHUFXOWXUDOHV TXH VH HVWpQ YLYLHQGR HQ HO PRPHQWR $O
UHVSHFWRVHFXHQWDQFRQODVSURSXHVWDVGH3&HQ)UDQFLD1RUXHJD$XVWUDOLD(VSDxD9HDPRVDOJXQDVGHHOODV
)UDQFLD (Q HO SODQ GH HVWXGLRV GHO ~OWLPR DxR GH OD 3ULPDULD VH FRQWHPSODQ RFKR KRUDV D OD VHPDQD GH FODVHV GH
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
66
Ángel Alonso Salas
OLWHUDWXUDHQGRQGHVHLQFOX\HQGHEDWHV\FODVHVGHFLYLVPR
DVtFRPRDSUR[LPDFLRQHVGHOSHQVDPLHQWRÀORVyÀFRJULHJR
1RUXHJD,QFOX\HQHQODVPDWHULDVFRQWHQLGRVGHFRPSHWHQFLDVpWLFDVGHEDWHVGHPRFUiWLFRV\SROtWLFRV\XQDYH]DOPHV
VHWRFDQORVDVSHFWRVÀORVyÀFRVHQODVFODVHVZZZVNROHWRUJHWFRPQR
$XVWUDOLD/DLQWURGXFFLyQGHODSURSXHVWDGH/LSPDQHQODV
HVFXHODV GH 7DVPDQLD KD SURGXFLGR XQ LPSDFWR IDYRUDEOH
SDUD UHVROYHU \ DIURQWDU SUREOHPDV GH bullying \ YLROHQFLD
PHGLDQWHODHQVHxDQ]DGHODpWLFD\ORVYDORUHV$FWXDOPHQWH
VHLQWURGXFLUiHQODFXUUtFXODGHHVWXGLRVXQDPDWHULDVREUH
ÀORVRItD
7KH ,QVWLWXWH IRU $GYDQFHPHQW RI 3KLORVRSK\ IRU &KLOGUHQ (IAPC
KWWSFHKVPRQWFODLUHGXDFDGHPLFLDSF
7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RXQFLORI3KLORVRSKLFDO,QTXLU\ZLWK&KLOGUHQ
(ICPICKWWSZZZLFSLFRUJ
(XURSHDQ )RXQGDWLRQ IRU WKH $GYDQFHPHQW RI 'RLQJ 3KLORVRSK\
ZLWK&KLOGUHQ623+,$KWWSVRSKLDHXRUJ
)HGHUDWLRQRI$XVWUDODVLDQ3KLORVRSK\LQ6FKRROV$VVRFLDWLRQV (FAPSAZZZIDSVDRUJDX
&DQDGi (GXFDFLyQ D GLVWDQFLD SDUD SURIHVRUHV ZZZ
ISXODYDOFDSKLORHQIDQW
Aprender a Pensar5HYLVWD(VSDxRODVREUHÀORVRItDSDUDQLxRV
ZZZJUXSLUHIRUJ
&KLOGKRRGDQG3KLORVRSK\ZZZÀORHGXFRUJFKLOGSKLOR
'HXWVFK-DSDQLVFKH )RUVFKXQJVLQLWLDWLYH ]XP 3KLORVRSKLHUHQ PLW
Kindern (DJFPKZZZSKNDUOVUXKHGH
$XVWULDZZZNLQGHUSKLORVRSKLHDW
7KH6RFUDWLF0HWKRGRI2VFDU%UHQLÀHU ZZZEUHQLÀHUFRP
&HQWUDOGL5LFHUFDSHU,QVHJQDPHQWR)LORVRÀFR(CRIFZZZÀORVRIDUHRUJ
Brazilian Centre of P4C ZZZFEOFFRPEU
&RORPELD ZZZMDYHULDQDHGXFR)DFXOWDGHV)LORVRÀD
GSLQHGDSLGHGDKWPO
3HU~ZZZUHGÀORVRÀFDGHISQKWPOSHUX
***
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
$FHUFDGHODYLDELOLGDGGHODVSURSXHVWDVGHOD8QHVFRSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItD
67
/XFD6FDUDQWLQRUHDOL]DXQDQiOLVLVDFHUFDGHODFULVLVDFWXDOHQ
ODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDHQHOQLYHOVHFXQGDULRTXHHQQXHVWURFRQWH[WRUHSUHVHQWDSDUWHGHODVHFXQGDULD\SUHSDUDWRULD
HVGHFLUHOODSVRGHGRFHDxRVKDVWDTXHLQJUHVHQDOD8QLYHUVLGDG'LFKDFULVLVVHGDSRUYDULRVPRWLYRV/DSULQFLSDOVHGHEHD
ODVSUHVLRQHVH[LVWHQWHVHQORViPELWRVHFRQyPLFRV\IRUPDFLyQ
WpFQLFDTXHKDOOHYDGRDODUHGXFFLyQ\VXSUHVLyQGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVÀORVyÀFDV\RKXPDQLVWDVHQODVHVFXHODVTXHDVXYH]
KDQLGRDFRPSDxDGDGHODGHYDOXDFLyQGHODVKXPDQLGDGHV$
QLYHOPXQGLDOODVDVLJQDWXUDVÀORVyÀFDVGHOLWHUDWXUDHKLVWRULD
KDQVLGRVDFULÀFDGDVHQODUHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODVQXHYDVPDWHULDVRHQODVUHYLVLRQHVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV\DTXHHVWDV~OWLPDV
VRQFRQVLGHUDGDVFRPRREVROHWDVRTXHQRRIUHFHQGHPDQHUD
UHGLWXDEOHEHQHÀFLRVRJDQDQFLDVLQPHGLDWDVHQHOiPELWRGHOD
JOREDOL]DFLyQ HFRQRPtD \ HQ OD FRPSHWHQFLD GHO PHUFDGR ODERUDO\GHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ(VLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDURWURVDVSHFWRV
TXHLQÁX\HQHQHOGHVFUpGLWRGHODVKXPDQLGDGHVHQHVSHFLDO
GHODHQVHxDQ]DGHODpWLFDTXHRFXSDEDXQOXJDUEiVLFRHQOD
IRUPDFLyQGHOQLYHOVHFXQGDULR(QSULPHUOXJDUGHELGRDTXH
ODPLVPDGLVFLSOLQDÀORVyÀFDVXSRQHGLÀFXOWDGHVDG\DFHQWHVD
ODLPSDUWLFLyQGHODPDWHULD\FRQWHQLGRHQFXHVWLyQSXHVQR
FXDOTXLHUDSXHGHLPSDUWLUGLFKDVFODVHV\HOPXQGRWHFQROyJLFR\JOREDOGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV(QVHJXQGROXJDUPXFKRVGHORV
SURIHVRUHVQRFXHQWDQFRQHOSHUÀOHLPSDUWHQGLFKDVFODVHVDVSHFWRTXHGHVJUDFLDGDPHQWHVXFHGHHQQXHVWURSDtVVDOYRHQOD
UNAM\RWURVVXEVLVWHPDVGHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH%DFKLOOHUDWR
(SNBTXHVLHQGRVLQFHURVHOSHUÀOSURIHVLRJUiÀFRWDPSRFRKD
UHGLWXDGRHQXQUHSXQWHGHODHQVHxDQ]DGHODVKXPDQLGDGHV
QLHQHORIUHFHUXQPD\RUQLYHORFDOLGDGHQODPDWHULD&DEHUHVDOWDUTXHHQSDtVHVFRPR8UXJXD\(VSDxD,WDOLD0DUUXHFRV
&DQDGi)UDQFLDHQWUHRWURVKDQVXIULGRUHIRUPDVVLPLODUHVD
ORTXHHQQXHVWURSDtVVHKDGDGRFRQOD RIEMS9HDPRVORTXH
VXFHGHHQDOJXQRVFDVRV
(GXFDFLyQPRUDOHQOD5HS~EOLFDGH.RUHDGRQGHVHHVFRJHQ DOJXQD GH HVWDV WUHV PDWHULDV FLYLVPR pWLFD \ SHQVDPLHQWRRpWLFDWUDGLFLRQDOZZZPRHJRNU
(VSDFLRGHUHÁH[LyQVREUHORVVDEHUHV (ERSS
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
68
Ángel Alonso Salas
4XHEHF(VWXGLDQÀORVRItDOHQJXDPDWHUQD\OLWHUDWXUD6H
DJUHJDURQ OyJLFD KLVWRULD GH ODV LGHDV \ pWLFD ZZZFUGS
PRQWSHOOLHUIUUHVVRXUFHVDJRUD
´Brocca Programmesµ,WDOLDZZZVZLIXQLEDLWHOVFXRODEURFFDKWPRZZZVÀLW
0DQLIHVWH SRXU OHQVHLJQHPHQW GH OD SKLORVRSKLH &UHDQ
HOERUUDGRUGHOGtDGHODÀORVRItD&UHDGRSRUODAssociation
SRXUODFUHiWLRQGHV,QVWLWXWVGHUHFKHUFKHVXUOHQVHLJQHPHQWGHOD
SKLORVRSKLH (ACIREPHZZZDFLUHSKQHW
3RUWXJDO6HLQWURGXFHODPDWHULDGH´,QWURGXFFLyQDODÀORVRItDµWUHVKRUDVGHFODVHSRUVHPDQDFRQJUDQGHVUHVXOWDGRV
%UDVLOZZZVFLHOREU
5HS~EOLFD'RPLQLFDQD6HEXVFDLQWURGXFLUPDWHULDVÀORVyÀFDVDOSODQGHHVWXGLRVDVtFRPRWDPELpQODSURGXFFLyQGH
WH[WRV\IRUPDFLyQGRFHQWH
3HU~Declaración de Arequipa KWWSUHVÀORVRÀFDGH
)LORVRItDHQÉIULFDZZZSROLWLTXHDIULFDLQHFRP
-DSyQ7H[WR(WKLFVZZZVXNHQQHWHQJOLVK
3UiFWLFDV SHGDJyJLFDV TXH SHUPLWHQ DX[LOLDU D OD ÀORVRItD FRPR
una asignatura de suma importancia ZZZSKLORWR]]LFRP
$KRUD ELHQ ¢FXiO HV OD VLWXDFLyQ GH QXHVWUR %DFKLOOHUDWR"
+DUpPHQFLyQGHGRVGHORVFDVRVPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRV
a) SEPCEC\TIPN
(QORVEDFKLOOHUDWRVLQFRUSRUDGRVDOD SEPVHLPSDUWHQODVDVLJQDWXUDVGH/yJLFDeWLFD\)LORVRItD(QHOCEC\TDQWHULRUPHQWH
VHLPSDUWtDQGRVVHPHVWUHVGHÀORVRItDHQORVTXHVHVLQWHWL]DEDQORVFRQWHQLGRVGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVTXHRIUHFHOD SEPDKRUD
VyORKD\XQDDVLJQDWXUDHQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV&RQVLGHURTXH
H[LVWHQYDULDVUD]RQHVGHSHVRSDUDTXHpVWDVFRQWLQ~HQDQWH
ODGHVDSDULFLyQRPXWDFLyQGHDVLJQDWXUDVHPSUHQGLGDSRUOD
RIEMS /DV DVLJQDWXUDV ÀORVyÀFDV VRQ GH FRUWH ´KXPDQLVWDµ \
SURGXFHQXQLPSDFWRHQORVEDFKLOOHUDWRVTXHVHKDQFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUGDUXQDIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFD\FLHQWtÀFD3RUWDOPRWLYRHQORVVHPHVWUHVHQGRQGHVHFXUVHpWLFDÀORVRItDOyJLFD
RHVWpWLFDORVFRQWHQLGRVGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVPHQFLRQDGDVFRQ
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
$FHUFDGHODYLDELOLGDGGHODVSURSXHVWDVGHOD8QHVFRSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItD
69
DQWHODFLyQSURSRUFLRQDQDORVHVWXGLDQWHVXQDIRUPDFLyQFLXGDGDQDUDFLRQDO\KXPDQtVWLFDTXHQRGHELHUDVHU´GHSDVDGLWDµVLQRLQWHJUDOSDUDSRVLELOLWDUXQHTXLOLEULRHQWUHODVFLHQFLDVIRUPDOHVRGXUDV\ODVGLVFLSOLQDVGHODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV
ECCH, UNAM
(O &ROHJLR GH &LHQFLDV \ +XPDQLGDGHV CCH WLHQH GRV DVLJQDWXUDVGHFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULRHQHOTXLQWR\VH[WRVHPHVWUHV
)LORVRItD,\,,\GRVDVLJQDWXUDVRSWDWLYDV7HPDV6HOHFWRVGH
)LORVRItDTSF,\,,TXHVHLPSDUWHQDODSDUGHODVPDWHULDV
REOLJDWRULDVGHO~OWLPRDxRHVFRODUGHODOXPQR(QODPHGLGD
HQTXHORVGRFHQWHVRORVFRQWHQLGRVGHOFXUVRPXHVWUDQDORV
DOXPQRVODXWLOLGDGHLPSRUWDQFLDGHODPDWHULDQRVyORDQLYHO
FXUULFXODU QL VX UHODFLyQ FRQ RWUDV iUHDV VLQR FRQ OD UHODFLyQ
FRQFUHWDHLQPHGLDWDHQVXVYLGDVVHSRVLELOLWDHODFFHGHUDODV
DFWLWXGHV YLWDOHV FXHVWLRQDPLHQWRV \ UHÁH[LRQHV VREUH ORV DVSHFWRV UDFLRQDOHV HPRWLYRV VHQVLEOHV HVSLULWXDOHV H LQWXLWLYRV
TXHPXHVWUDQXQDGHODVWDQWDVIDFHWDVGHOVHUKXPDQR\TXH
LPSOLFDQXQDXWRFRQRFLPLHQWRGHVtPLVPR'HHVWDIRUPDVH
PRVWUDUiQORVVDEHUHVQHFHVDULRVSDUDODYLGDGHOVHUKXPDQR
3RUVXSDUWHODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHTSFFRPSOHPHQWDQODIRUPDFLyQ
ÀORVyÀFDTXHORVDOXPQRVHVWiQFXUVDQGR(QHVWHVHQWLGRORV
DOXPQRVTXHFXUVHQDPEDVPDWHULDVUHFLELUiQXQDIRUPDFLyQ
LQWHJUDOHQHOiPELWRGHODÀORVRItDPLHQWUDVTXHVLVRODPHQWHDFUHGLWDQODVPDWHULDVREOLJDWRULDVSRVHHUiQXQDIRUPDFLyQ
PtQLPD(OPLVPR3ODQGH(VWXGLRVGHTSFSHUPLWHODUHÁH[LyQ
DFHUFD GH OD HSLVWHPRORJtD \ OD ÀORVRItD SROtWLFD TXH FRQVROLGD ORV DSUHQGL]DMHV GH )LORVRItD \ WDPELpQ SHUPLWH XQD PD\RULQWHUUHODFLyQFRQRWUDViUHDV\GLVFLSOLQDV<GHELGRDTXH
VHDFHUFDXQDUHYLVLyQFXUULFXODU\VHKDSODQWHDGRRVXJHULGR
GHPDQHUDLQIRUPDOVXGHVDSDULFLyQHQFDVRGHTXHVHOOHYHD
FDER WHQGUHPRV XQ UHWURFHVR TXH LPSOLFDUtD XQD GHÀFLHQWH
IRUPDFLyQKXPDQtVWLFD8Q´UHPL[µQRHVXQDVROXFLyQ2MDOi
\GLFKDUHYLVLyQIRUWDOH]FDORVSURJUDPDV\FRQWHQLGRV\QRVH
GpXQDGLVPLQXFLyQQLGHVDSDULFLyQGHDVLJQDWXUDV
&RQ WRGR OR GLFKR ¢TXp SRGUtDPRV GHFLU HQ UHIHUHQFLD DO
WH[WR GH OD UNESCO" 4XH HQ QXHVWUR SDtV QLQJ~Q VLVWHPD GH
EDFKLOOHUDWR KD OOHYDGR GLFKDV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV D FDER QL HQ
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
70
Ángel Alonso Salas
VX PDOOD FXUULFXODU QL HQ ODV UHYLVLRQHV GH SODQHV QL HQ ORV
SURJUDPDVRSHUDWLYRV3DUDHMHPSORODVPHQFLRQHVGHQXHVWUR
SDtVVRQFDVLHQVXWRWDOLGDGDOD´ÀORVRItDGHORVQLxRVµ9DOHOD
SHQDVXJHULUDORVSURIHVRUHVDTXtUHXQLGRVTXHOH\HUDQ\HQOD
PHGLGDGHORSRVLEOHDSOLFDUDQODV´5HFRPHQGDFLRQHVVREUHOD
HQVHxDQ]DGHOD)LORVRItDHQ$PpULFD/DWLQD\HO&DULEHµ3SDUD
LPSXOVDUODVQRVyORHQODPDOODFXUULFXODUVLQRHQHOLQWHULRUGH
QXHVWUDViUHDV\RDXODV(QWUHGLFKDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVFRQVLGHURGHVXPDLPSRUWDQFLDODDeclaración de París a favor de la
ÀORVRItDVHJ~QODFXDO
‡ 7RGRLQGLYLGXRGHEHWHQHUGHUHFKRDGHGLFDUVHDOOLEUH
HVWXGLR GH OD ÀORVRItD EDMR FXDOTXLHU IRUPD \ HQ FXDOTXLHUOXJDUGHOPXQGR
‡ /DHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDGHEHPDQWHQHUVHRDPSOLDUVHGRQGH\DH[LVWHLPSODQWDUVHGRQGHD~QQRH[LVWH\
VHUQRPEUDGDH[SOtFLWDPHQWHFRQODSDODEUD´ÀORVRItDµ
‡ /D HQVHxDQ]D GH OD ÀORVRItD GHEHUtD VHU LPSDUWLGD SRU
SURIHVRUHVFXDOLÀFDGRVHLQVWUXLGRVHVSHFtÀFDPHQWHDWDO
HIHFWR\QRHVWDUVXSHGLWDGDDFRQVLGHUDFLyQHFRQyPLFD
WpFQLFDUHOLJLRVDSROtWLFDRLGHROyJLFDDOJXQD
‡ $XQPDQWHQLHQGRVXDXWRQRPtDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDGHEHUtDYLQFXODUVHHQODPHGLGDGHORSRVLEOHDOD
IRUPDFLyQDFDGpPLFDRSURIHVLRQDOHQWRGRVORVFDPSRV
<HQWUHODVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVTXHVXJLHUHODUNESCOTXHGLFKRVHDGHSDVRHVHOREMHWLYRGHHVWDPHVDGHEHPRVUHWRPDU
‡ &RQVWUXLUKLORVSURJUDPiWLFRV\FRRUGHQDGDVKLVWyULFDV
SUHVHQWHV HQ HO SHQVDPLHQWR TXH H[LJHQ GHVGH OD DFDGHPLD \ OD HVFXHOD OD UHIXQGDPHQWDFLyQ GH ORV QLYHOHV
GHHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMHGHODÀORVRItD\GHODVKXPDQLGDGHV
‡ $SR\DU HVSHFLDOPHQWH D ORV SDtVHV TXH GHVHHQ LQYROXFUDUVH HQ OD IRUPXODFLyQ GH SROtWLFDV QDFLRQDOHV HQ HO
iPELWR GH OD HQVHxDQ]D GH OD ÀORVRItD HQ HO QLYHO GH OD
HGXFDFLyQ SULPDULD EiVLFD VHFXQGDULD PHGLD \ XQLYHUVLWDULDVXSHULRU
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
$FHUFDGHODYLDELOLGDGGHODVSURSXHVWDVGHOD8QHVFRSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItD
71
&DEH UHVDOWDU TXH H[LVWHQ PDWHULDV \R HVSHFLDOLGDGHV SDUD
OD GRFHQFLD GH OD ÀORVRItD SDUD ORV QLYHOHV VHFXQGDULRV i.e OD
HGXFDFLyQ GH QLYHO VXSHULRU HQ $UJHQWLQD FRQWHPSOD SDUD HO
HJUHVDGRHOHJLUHQHVSHFLDOL]DFLyQFRQÀQHVGHSRVJUDGRRHQ
ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQSDUDODGRFHQFLDHQHO3ROLPRGDOZZZFEFXED
DUGDWFEFFEFKWP $KRUD ELHQ FRPR SURIHVRUHV LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ HGXFDWLYD D OD TXH SHUWHQH]FDPRV GHEHPRV FRQWHPSODU ODV VXJHUHQFLDV GH OD UNESCO SDUD
UHIRU]DUODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItD
/D FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH XQD PHQWH FUtWLFD DVSHFWRV FRJQLWLYRV
VRFLDOHV\DIHFWLYRV
2IUHFHUHQIRTXHVWHyULFRVHKLVWyULFRVHQODHQVHxDQ]DGHOD
ÀORVRItD
3URPRYHUODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDHQHOQLYHOVHFXQGDULR
(VWDEOHFHUODLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUHODÀORVRItD\RWUDVGLVFLSOLQDV
FRPRODP~VLFDODELRTXtPLFDDUWHVYLVXDOHVHWFpWHUD
$SUHQGHU\UHWRPDUPRGHORVGHHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDHQ
GLYHUVRVSDtVHV
&UHDU ROLPSLDGDV GH ÀORVRItD FOXEHV GH ÀORVRItD 8QHVFR
FKDLU ZRPHQ FXUVRV PRQRJUiÀFRV GLiORJRV ÀORVyÀFRV LQWHUUHJLRQDOHVHWF
D 7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3KLORVRSK\ 2OLPSLDGV (IPO ZZZSKLORVRSK\ROLPSLDGRUJ&RPSHWHQFLDTXHGHVGHKDFRQYRFDGR D HVWXGLDQWHV GH QLYHO VHFXQGDULR \ D PLHPEURV
de la ,QWHUQDWLRQDO)HGHUDWLRQRI3KLORVRSKLFDO6RFLHWLHV (FISP
ZZZÀVSRUJ
E6HFRQGDU\6FKRRO3KLORVRSK\&OXEVLQ7XUNH\,VWDPEXO/LVHOHri Felsefe Kulupleri Platformu –ILFKP-&OXEHVGH)LORVRItD
TXHVHUH~QHQGRVKRUDVDODVHPDQDSDUDGLVFXWLUWHPDV
GH OyJLFD VRFLRORJtD SVLFRORJtD GHPRFUDFLD ÀORVRItD \
GHUHFKRVKXPDQRV(VWDVKRUDVVRQDGLFLRQDOHVDODVGHO
3ODQGH(VWXGLRV\H[LVWHQGHVGHSDUDSUHSDUDUHO
IPO \ PHMRUDU HO QLYHO GH HVWXGLRV GH ORV DOXPQRV ZZZ
WINRUJWU \ KWWSJURXSV\DKRRFRPJURXS,/).3RJUHWPHQOHQ
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
72
Ángel Alonso Salas
F UNESCO &KDLU LQ 3KLORVRSK\ /XJDU GH GLVFXVLyQ H LQWHUFDPELR ÀORVyÀFR HQWUH SURIHVRUHV XQLYHUVLGDGHV H LQVWLWXFLRQHV'HVGHVXUJHQORV8QLYHUVLW\7ZLQQLQJDQG
1HWZRUNLQJ (UNITWINZZZXQHVFRRUJ(QODVVHGHV
IXHURQ&KLOH3DUtV8FUDQLD\9HQH]XHOD(QIXHHO
WXUQRGH7~QH]7XUTXtD\UHS~EOLFDGH.RUHD(Q
\IXHHQ$UJHQWLQD
G ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 1HWZRUN RI :RPHQ 3KLORVRSKHUV VSRQVRUHG E\
UNESCO%XVFDSURPRYHUODGLIXVLyQODERUSURGXFFLyQ\
TXHKDFHU GH OD PXMHU HQ HO iPELWR GH OD ÀORVRItD ZZZ
XQHVFRRUJVKVHQSKLORVRSK\
H,QWHUUHJLRQDO3KLORVRSKLFDO Dialogues'LiORJRVVREUHGLYHUVRVWySLFRVÀORVyÀFRVWHPDVSDtVHV\UHJLRQHVDQLYHOÀORVyÀFRHLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULR
I&DIpV)LORVyÀFRV'HVGHVXUJLHURQHQ3DUtVORVOODPDGRV´&DIpV)LORVyÀFRVµFRPRDOWHUQDWLYDVGHGLVFXVLyQ\
GLIXVLyQGHWHPDVÀORVyÀFRVGHLQWHUpVFRP~Q
JJueves de la FilosofíaZZZOHVPDUGLVGHODSKLORFRP
KFilosofía callejera6HPHMDQWHDOSURJUDPDGHOD´)LORVRItD
YD D ODV FDOOHVµ /OHYDGR D FDER HQ ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV GHO
0HWURGHOD&LXGDGGH0p[LFRSRUSURIHVRUHV\HVWXGLDQWHVGHOD))\/RDOJXQDVHPLVLRQHVGH5DGLRR79FDQDO
7981$0R´5DGLRVRIDQGRFRQ9LWRULD&DUUDVFRµ
HQQXHVWUDQDFLyQHQ%XUNLQD)DVRH[LVWHXQSURJUDPD
GH ÀORVRItD HQ ODV FDOOHV SDUD FKLFRV FRQ SUREOHPDV GH
GURJDGLFFLyQ\9,+6,'$
L3HULyGLFRV)LORVyÀFRV3KLORVRSK\1RZ,QJODWHUUDZZZSKLORVRSK\QRZRUJ3KLORVRSKLH0DJD]LQH)UDQFLDZZZSKLORPDJFRP\)LORVRÀH0DJD]LQH+RODQGDZZZÀORVRÀHPDJD]LQHQO
M Día de la Filosofía &HOHEUDFLyQ PXQGLDO GH OD ÀORVRItD HO
WHUFHUMXHYHVGHQRYLHPEUH
N0HVGHOD)LORVRItD\ODQRFKHÀORVyÀFD&HOHEUDGDHQ+RODQGDHQHOPHVGHDEULOGHVGHZZZPDDQGYDQGHÀORVRÀHQO
O3KLORVRSK\´+RXVHµ/XJDUGHWHUDSLDVÀORVyÀFDVSRUHVSHFLDOLVWDVHQPHGLFLQDÀORVRItDSVLFRORJtDWUDEDMRVRFLDO
\SVLTXLDWUtD
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
$FHUFDGHODYLDELOLGDGGHODVSURSXHVWDVGHOD8QHVFRSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItD
73
$KRUD ELHQ ¢QR VHUtD LPSRUWDQWH TXH DO PHQRV DOJXQD GH
QXHVWUDV DVRFLDFLRQHV LQVWLWXWRV R XQLYHUVLGDGHV EXVFDUD VHU
VHGHGHDOJXQRGHGLFKRVHYHQWRVÀORVyÀFRV"2DOPHQRVTXH
VLQÀQHVHFRQyPLFRVSROtWLFRVRGHSXQWRVSDUDHOSNI¢H[LVWLHUD
XQDXWpQWLFRLQWHUpVSRUFRQRFHUDOJXQDGHHVWDVSURSXHVWDV"
****
)LQDOPHQWHHVLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUTXHDMXLFLRGH/XFD6FDUDQWLQR GHEH H[LVWLU XQ YtQFXOR VyOLGR \ IXHUWH HQWUH HO QLYHO
PHGLRVXSHULRU\HOVXSHULRUHQORVVLJXLHQWHVDVSHFWRV
,QWHUDFFLyQHQODSURGXFFLyQHLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHOQLYHOPHGLR
VXSHULRU\VXSHULRU3XQWRTXHTXHGDSHQGLHQWHD~QHQOD
QXHVWUDV XQLYHUVLGDGHV \ EDFKLOOHUDWRV LQFRUSRUDGRV SXHV
QR KHPRV SRGLGR IRUWDOHFHU QL HVWUHFKDU GH PDQHUD UHFtSURFDXQYtQFXORDFDGpPLFRGHLQWHUFDPELRHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
)RPHQWDU OD H[WHQVLyQ \ GLYHUVLGDG GH OD HQVHxDQ]D GH OD
ÀORVRItD$VSHFWRTXHGHDOJXQDXRWUDPDQHUDKHPRVFXPSOLGRFRQODVOLPLWDFLRQHV\UHFXUVRVKXPDQRVGHLQVWDODFLRQHV\HQRIHUWDDFDGpPLFDSHURTXHGHEHUtDLQFUHPHQWDUVH
&DSDFLWDUHQODHVSHFLÀFLGDG\DGDSWDELOLGDGGHODHQVHxDQ]D
GH OD ÀORVRItD 'LYHUVDV XQLYHUVLGDGHV FRQWHPSODQ HVWR HQ
ODPDOODFXUULFXODUGHFDGDFDUUHUD\FRPRVDEHPRVODVFODVHVGH´HQVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDµR´GLGiFWLFDÀORVyÀFDµQR
EULQGDQODVKHUUDPLHQWDVUHDOHVDOHJUHVDGR&DEHUHVDOWDUOD
QREOHODERUTXHHQODUNAMWLHQHDOUHVSHFWRODMADEMS
/LEHUWDGGHFiWHGUD\GHHQVHxDQ]DFRQHOUHVSHFWRGHODV
FLUFXQVWDQFLDVUHOLJLRVDVSROtWLFDV\FXOWXUDOHV
'H LJXDO PDQHUD VH HVWDEOHFHQ ORV SULQFLSDOHV UHWRV TXH HQ
QXHVWURSDtVWDPELpQDGROHFHPRVDVDEHU
D(QVHxDQ]DGHODÀORVRItDHQHOPXQGRJOREDOL]DGR
E3URPRYHUHOUHVSHWRDGLIHULU\DWROHUDURWUDVIRUPDVGH
YHU\HQWHQGHUHOPXQGR
F2SRUWXQLGDGHVSURIHVLRQDOHVHQHOiPELWRSHUVRQDOODERUDOVDODULDO\DFDGpPLFR
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP
74
Ángel Alonso Salas
G2IUHFHUODÀORVRItDHQUHFOXVRULRVDVLORVSOD]DVS~EOLFDV
FRQODJHQWHMXELODGDHQORVFHQWURVODERUDOHV\FXOWXUDOHVHQ]RQDVPDUJLQDGDVHWFpWHUD
La UNESCO UHFRPLHQGD SRU PHGLR GH ÐVFDU %UHQLÀHU /D
QHFHVLGDGGHODÀORVRItDVHUHGXFHDQLYHOFXOWXUDOHVSLULWXDO
H[LVWHQFLDOWHUDSpXWLFRSROtWLFRVRFLDOLQWHOHFWXDOHWFpWHUD¢<
DQWHWRGRHVWRTXpSXHGRFRQFOXLU"6LDOPHQRVHVWH)RURGH
+LVWRULDQRVOOHYDUDDSRQHUQRVGHDFXHUGRSDUDTXHFDGDSODQWHOOOHYDUDDFDERDOJXQDGHHVWDVDFFLRQHVTXHRWURVFROHJDVKDQ
KHFKR\VHFRQVWUX\HUDQHVWRVHVSDFLRVGHDFXHUGRDORVWHPDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHLQTXLHWXGHVGHSURIHVRUHV\MyYHQHV\H[LVWLHUD XQ FRPSURPLVR UHDO DSROtWLFR VLQ SUHWHQVLRQHV GH JDQDU
SXQWRVRFRQÀQHVGHREWHQHUXQDSOD]DHWFpWHUD\IXHUDSRU
´DPRUDODUWHµKDEUtDYDOLGRODSHQDODHVFULWXUD\HVFXFKDGH
HVWHWUDEDMR
%LEOLRJUDItD
GOUCHA0RXÀGDFRRUG3KLORVRSK\DVFKRRORIIUHHGRP7HDFKLQJSKLORVRSK\DQG
OHDUQLQJWRSKLORVRSKL]H6WDWXVDQGSURVSHFWV7UDGXFFLyQGHOIUDQFpVSRUOD
UNESCO3DULVUNESCO
Notas
8QDYHUVLyQSUHOLPLQDUGHHVWHHVFULWRIXHSUHVHQWDGDHQGRVIRURVDFDGp-
1
PLFRVDVDEHUHO&RQJUHVRGHO&tUFXOR0H[LFDQRGH3URIHVRUHVGH)LORVRItDFHOHEUDGRHQ7OD[FDODHQHO\HO)RURGHOÉUHDGH+LVWRULDGHO
&&+FHOHEUDGRHQOD$QWLJXD(VFXHODGH4XtPLFDDPHGLDGRVGHO
0RXÀGD*RXFKDFRRUG3KLORVRSK\DVFKRRORIIUHHGRP7HDFKLQJSKLORVRSK\
2
DQGOHDUQLQJWRSKLORVRSKL]H6WDWXVDQGSURVSHFWV7UDGXFFLyQGHOIUDQFpVSRU
la
UNESCO3DULV UNESCOS\ODYHUVLyQGHOLQJOpVDOHVSDxROHV
WUDGXFFLyQPtD
7H[WRGH´5HFRPHQGDFLRQHVHQHOiPELWRGHODHQVHxDQ]DGHOD)LORVRItD
3
HQ$PpULFD/DWLQD\HO&DULEHµMXQLRGHSURSRUFLRQDGRDORVSURIHVRUHVGHO)LORVRItDSRUHOCCH
GLDOHFWLFDLQGG
DP