Buenas prácticas para hacer compatibles las actividades de ocio

&DStWXOR
%8(1$635É&7,&$63$5$+$&(5
&203$7,%/(6/$6$&7,9,'$'(6'(
2&,2&21/$&216(59$&,Ð1'(/262
3$5'2(1/26&255('25(6
-XDQ&DUORV%ODQFR
$FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLRHQODVPRQWDxDV
&DGDGtDPiVODVPRQWDxDVHXURSHDVYDQSHUGLHQGRVXFRQGLFLyQ
GHSDUDMHVUHPRWRVDLVODGRVGHODVFLXGDGHVSDUDFRQYHUWLUVHHQHOGHVWL
QRGHRFLRGHORVKDELWDQWHVXUEDQRVTXHKDELWDQHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHV
FRPRKDGHVFULWR5HTXHVHQHOiUHDGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHORVRHQOD
&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
(QHVHFDStWXORWUDWDUHPRVDOJXQRVDVSHFWRVGHORFLRHQODVPRQWD
xDVTXHSXHGHQLQIOXLUHQODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGR/DVDFWLYLGDGHV
TXH YDPRV D WUDWDU VRQ HO HVTXt DOSLQR TXH H[LJH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH
SLVWDV\RWUDVHVWUXFWXUDVHOWXULVPRGHQDWXUDOH]D\PRQWDxDREVHUYD
FLyQGHIDXQDVHQGHULVPRH[FXUVLRQLVPRPRQWDxLVPRHWF\ODFD]D
3HURODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHRFLRQRVRORDIHFWDQDORVRVRVVLQRTXHSXHGHQ
SURGXFLULQWHUDFFLRQHVTXHDYHFHVVRQSHOLJURVDVSDUDORVH[FXUVLRQLV
WDVRORVFD]DGRUHV
/DVDFWLYLGDGHVUHFUHDWLYDVHQ]RQDVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHRVHUDVWLHQHQ
GLVWLQWRVLPSDFWRVSRWHQFLDOHVSDUDHORVR(OHVTXtDOSLQRFRQOOHYDOD
GHVWUXFFLyQGHOKiELWDWGRQGHVHXELFDQODVSLVWDV\ODVLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDV
DVRFLDGDV\DYHFHVJUDQGHVPROHVWLDVHQODViUHDVFLUFXQGDQWHV(OWX
ULVPRGHQDWXUDOH]DSXHGHJHQHUDUPROHVWLDVDORVRVRV/DFD]DWDPELpQ
SXHGHJHQHUDUPROHVWLDV\DGHPiVSXHGHFDXVDUODPXHUWHGHRVRVGH
IRUPD LOHJDO R DFFLGHQWDO (Q DPEDV DFWLYLGDGHV WXULVWDV \ FD]DGRUHV
)LJXUD
&D]DGRUGHMDEDOtHV
HQVXSXHVWRGXUDQWH
XQDEDWLGD
)RWR-RVp/XLV
%HQLWR
&DStWXOR $FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLR\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGRHQORVFRUUHGRUHV
SXHGHQWHQHUHQFXHQWURVIRUWXLWRVFRQRVRVTXHWHUPLQHQHQVXVWRV\
PX\UDUDYH]HQDWDTXHVGHRVRDODVSHUVRQDV
,PSDFWRGHODVPROHVWLDVKXPDQDVVREUHORVRVRV
$HVFDODPXQGLDOORVRVRVSDUGRVYLYHQHQ]RQDVFDVLGHVSREODGDV
\VRSRUWDQPDOODSUHVHQFLDKXPDQDGHKHFKRODVPD\RUHVSREODFLRQHV
VHHQFXHQWUDQHQ]RQDVERUHDOHVGH$ODVND&DQDGi\6LEHULDFRQEDMt
VLPDV GHQVLGDGHV GH SREODFLyQ KXPDQD7DPELpQ KD\ RVRV HQ SDtVHV
GHQVDPHQWHSREODGRVFRPR,WDOLD\(VSDxDSHURVHWUDWDGHSREODFLR
QHVUHOLFWDVDFDQWRQDGDVHQVXVPRQWDxDVPHQRVWUDQVIRUPDGDV
(Q ORV PRQWHV FDQWiEULFRV FRPR HQ RWUDV PRQWDxDV HXURSHDV
PXFKRVH[FXUVLRQLVWDV\FD]DGRUHVVHLQWHUQDQFRQIUHFXHQFLDDSLHHQ
]RQDVRVHUDVSRUORTXHUHVXOWD~WLOFRQRFHUODUHDFFLyQGHORVRVRVD
HVWDV DFWLYLGDGHV \ HO JUDGR GH PROHVWLD TXH SXHGHQ JHQHUDUOHV (Q
6XHFLD0RHQHWDOHVWXGLDURQODUHDFFLyQGHORVRVRVDODSUH
VHQFLDGHYLDQGDQWHV(QXQH[SHULPHQWRVHDFHUFDURQDQGDQGR
YHFHVKDVWDPHWURVGHKHPEUDV\PDFKRVUDGLRPDUFDGRV1LQ
JXQRGHORVRVRVDWDFyRDPHQD]yDORVYLDQGDQWHVHOGHORVRVRV
KX\HURQ\HOUHVWRSHUPDQHFLyHQHOVLWLR/RVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVVyORGH
WHFWDURQDORVRVRVHQHOGHODVRFDVLRQHVDSHVDUGHTXHFRQRFtDQ
VXXELFDFLyQDSUR[LPDGDORTXHLQGLFDTXHODPD\RUtDGHODVYHFHV
TXHXQRVRKX\HGHSHUVRQDVDSLHSDVDGHVDSHUFLELGR/RVRVRVTXH
HVWDEDQDFWLYRVFXDQGRORVH[SHULPHQWDGRUHVVHDSUR[LPDURQFRPHQ
]DURQODKXLGDDXQDGLVWDQFLDPHGLDGHPHWURV\ORVTXHHVWDEDQ
HQFDPDGRVDPHWURVGHSHQGLHQGRVREUHWRGRGHODGHQVLGDGGHOD
YHJHWDFLyQ KX\HURQ DQWHV FXDQGR KDEtD PHQRV FREHUWXUD YHJHWDO
(VWH\RWURVH[SHULPHQWRVUHDOL]DGRVHQRWUDV]RQDVPXHVWUDQTXHORV
RVRVHXURSHRVKX\HQGHODJHQWHHQHOFDPSR(OLPSDFWRGHODVPROHV
WLDVFDXVDGDVSRUODVSHUVRQDVDORVRVRVGHSHQGHUiSUREDEOHPHQWHGH
ODGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHUHIXJLRTXHpVWRVHQFXHQWUHQHQORVDOUHGHGRUHVGH
GRQGHKDQVLGRGHVSOD]DGRV6LHOUHIXJLRHVDEXQGDQWHORVRVRVSUR
EDEOHPHQWHFRQWLQXDUiQVXVDFWLYLGDGHVVLQSUREOHPDVHQODVSUR[LPL
GDGHVSHURVLpVWHHVFDVHD²FRPRSRGUtDRFXUULUHQPXFKDViUHDVGHO
VHFWRUOHRQpVGHOFRUUHGRULQWHUSREODFLRQDOGRQGHODFREHUWXUDYHJHWDO
HVPiVHVFDVD²ORVRVRVGHVSOD]DGRVSRGUtDQYHUVHREOLJDGRVDDEDQ
GRQDUOD]RQD
7DPELpQ HQ 6XHFLD VH UHDOL]y XQ HVWXGLR VREUH OD VHOHFFLyQ GHO
KiELWDWSRUODVRVDVGHQWURGHVXViUHDVGHFDPSHR\ODLQIOXHQFLDGHODV
PROHVWLDVKXPDQDVHQUHODFLyQDOSHULRGRGHOGtD0DUWtQHWDO
/DVRVDVVHOHFFLRQDURQORVKiELWDWVTXHDSRUWDEDQDEXQGDQWHDOLPHQWR\
HVWDEDQ PHQRV H[SXHVWRV D PROHVWLDV GH RULJHQ KXPDQR$GHPiV HO
DQiOLVLVWHPSRUDOGHODVHOHFFLyQGHOKiELWDWUHYHOyTXHODVRVDVHYLWDEDQ
ODViUHDVFRQPROHVWLDV\VHOHFFLRQDEDQODVODGHUDVPiVHPSLQDGDVGX
UDQWHHOGtDHQORVSHULRGRVGHPD\RUDFWLYLGDGKXPDQD
0DQXDOGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODJHVWLyQGHFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
/DVPROHVWLDVKXPDQDVHQXQSHULRGRVHQVLEOHFRPRHOLQYLHUQR
SXHGHQOOHJDUDSURYRFDUHODEDQGRQRGHODRVHUD6ZHQVRQHWDO
KDQUHYLVDGRODVFDXVDVSRUODVFXDOHVORVRVRVHQKLEHUQDFLyQDEDQGR
QDQODVRVHUDV\ODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHHVWHKHFKR/RVDXWRUHVKDEtDQ
PDUFDGRHQ6XHFLD\1RUXHJDRVRVGHGRVDxRVRPD\RUHVDORVTXH
VLJXLHURQGXUDQWHLQYLHUQRVRVR(QHOGHORVFDVRVORVRVRV
DEDQGRQDURQRFDPELDURQVXRVHUDGXUDQWHHOLQYLHUQRVLQTXHKXELHUD
GLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLILFDWLYDVHQWUHPDFKRV\KHPEUDV/DPD\RUtDGHORV
DEDQGRQRVRFXUULHURQDOSULQFLSLRGHODWHPSRUDGDGHKLEHUQDFLyQDQWHV
GHPHGLDGRVGHOLQYLHUQR/DVKHPEUDVFRQRVH]QRVGHODxRTXHDEDQ
GRQDURQODVRVHUDVWXYLHURQPiVPRUWDOLGDGHQWUHVXVFUtDVTXHODVTXH
QRDEDQGRQDURQODRVHUDFRQWUD(QGHORVFDVRVGH
DEDQGRQRGHRVHUDLQYHVWLJDGRVVREUHHOWHUUHQRVHHQFRQWUDURQHYLGHQ
FLDVGHDFWLYLGDGKXPDQDHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHV(VWDVDFWLYLGDGHVLQFOX
\HURQFD]DGRUHVWUDEDMDGRUHVIRUHVWDOHVKXHOODVGHSHUURV
PDTXLQDULD IRUHVWDO \ ©JHQWHª VLQ FRQFUHWDU /RV RVRV TXH
DEDQGRQDURQODVRVHUDVRFXSDURQRWUDVQXHYDVDXQDGLVWDQFLDPHGLDGH
NLOyPHWURVUDQJRGHVGHPKDVWDNP
(YLGHQWHPHQWH HQ HO FRUUHGRU LQWHUSREODFLRQDO QR KD\ ]RQDV GH
RVHUDVWUDGLFLRQDOHVSHURVtODVKD\HQHOFRUUHGRUGH/HLWDULHJRVVLWXD
GR HQ XQ HVWUHFKDPLHQWR GHO iUHD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH OD VXESREODFLyQ
RFFLGHQWDOFDQWiEULFD
(QDOJXQDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVODVPROHVWLDVKXPDQDVDORVRVRVSXH
GHQWRUQDUVHHQVLWXDFLRQHVGHULHVJRSDUDODVSHUVRQDV1XPHURVRVHV
WXGLRV KDQ GHPRVWUDGR TXH HO RVR SDUGR WLHQGH D HYLWDU DO KRPEUH D
SHVDUGHORFXDOHVWiQELHQGRFXPHQWDGDVDOJXQDVLQFLGHQFLDVTXHKDQ
VXSXHVWRKHULGDVRPXHUWHVGHSHUVRQDV+HUUHUR3RUHMHPSORHQ
6XHFLDXQFD]DGRUIXHPXHUWRSRUXQRVRHQGHVSXpVGHPiVGHXQ
VLJOR VLQ LQFLGHQWHV GH HVWH WLSR 3HGHUVHQ \ HQ XQ RVR
PDWyDXQDSHUVRQDHQ)LQODQGLDWUDVDxRVVLQDWDTXHVPRUWDOHVHQHO
SDtV0RHQHWDO
6LQ HPEDUJR HQ OD PD\RU SDUWH GH (XURSD ORV RVRV DSHQDV VRQ
DJUHVLYRVFRQORVVHUHVKXPDQRV6ZHQVRQHWDOEDQDOL]DURQOD
UHDFFLyQGHORVRVRVHQHQFXHQWURVFRQSHUVRQDOGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHO
RVRHQ(VFDQGLQDYLD1LQJXQRGHWDOHVHQFXHQWURVDFDEyHQDWDTXHSHUR
HQHOGHORVFDVRVVHSURGXMHURQFDUJDVGLVXDVRULDVEOXIIFKDUJHV
$GHPiV GH HVWDV FDUJDV VH UHJLVWUDURQ EXILGRV \ JUXxLGRV HQ FODURV
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVGHDGYHUWHQFLDFXDQGRORVRVRVGHIHQGtDQRVH]QRVR
XQDFDUURxDHQODTXHHVWDEDQFRPLHQGR(VWRVIDFWRUHVDXPHQWDQDSD
UHQWHPHQWHODDJUHVLYLGDGGHORVRVRVSHURORVDXWRUHVLGHQWLILFDURQVR
ODPHQWHXQIDFWRUYHUGDGHUDPHQWHSHOLJURVRTXHHORVRHVWpKHULGR
(QOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD\HQORV3LULQHRVVHKDQSURGXFLGRHQ
ORV~OWLPRVDxRVGHVGHTXHVHUHJLVWUDQHVWRVGDWRVYDULRVLQFLGHQWHV
HQWUHRVRV\SHUVRQDV$GHPiVGHDOJXQDVFDUJDVGLVXDVRULDVORVRVRV
KDQDWDFDGR\KHULGRDSHUVRQDVHQFXDWURRFDVLRQHVWUHVHQOD&RUGLOOH
&DStWXOR $FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLR\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGRHQORVFRUUHGRUHV
)LJXUD
(QFDVRGH
HQFRQWUDUVHFRQXQD
RVD\VXVRVH]QRVHV
LPSRUWDQWHQRLQWHQWDU
DFHUFDUVHDODIDPLOLD
\QRLQWHUSRQHUVH
HQWUHODPDGUH\VXV
FUtDV
)RWR-RVp0
5DPyQ)23
UD&DQWiEULFD\XQDHQORV3LULQHRV(QHVWRVFXDWURFDVRVORVRVRVQR
HVWDEDQ KHULGRV QL WHQtDQ FUtDV QL GHIHQGtDQ XQD FDUURxD /RV RVRV
IXHURQVRUSUHQGLGRVDSRFRVPHWURVGHGLVWDQFLD\DWDFDURQDODVSHUVR
QDVTXHDSDUHQWHPHQWHSHUFLELHURQFRPRXQDDPHQD]D
(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRFRQVLGHUDQGRHVWRVFRQWDGRVLQFLGHQWHVTXHVH
KDQSURGXFLGRKDVWDHOPRPHQWR\VXHVFDVDJUDYHGDGSRGHPRVDILU
PDUTXHORVRVRVFRQVWLWX\HQXQSHOLJURYHUGDGHUDPHQWHUHPRWRSDUD
ORVXVXDULRVGHOFDPSR
/DVHVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXt
(OHVTXtDOSLQRRHVTXtGHSLVWDFRQOOHYDODGHVWUXFFLyQGHOKiEL
WDW\XQXVRKXPDQRLQWHQVR²DOPHQRVHQLQYLHUQR²GHODV]RQDVGH
PRQWDxD (O HVTXt DOSLQR H[LJH FRQVWUXLU SLVWDV GH HVTXt UHPRQWHV
DSDUFDPLHQWRVHWF\OOHYDDVRFLDGRFRQPXFKDIUHFXHQFLDODFRQVWUXF
FLyQGHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDVKRWHOHUDVDSDUWDPHQWRVVHJXQGDVUHVLGHQFLDV
HWFTXHSXHGHQHMHUFHUXQLPSDFWRVREUHHOKiELWDWLQFOXVRPD\RUTXH
ODVSURSLDVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHSRUWLYDV
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHQORVFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVKD\FXDWURHVWDFLRQHVGH
HVTXt/DHVWDFLyQGHHVTXtGH/HLWDULHJRVVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOSXHUWRGHO
0DQXDOGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODJHVWLyQGHFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
PLVPRQRPEUHHQHOPXQLFLSLRGH9LOODEOLQR/HyQ6HWUDWDGHXQDGH
ODVHVWDFLRQHVPiVSHTXHxDVGH(VSDxDFRQVyORNLOyPHWURVGHSLVWDV
/DHVWDFLyQHVWiHQHOFRUUHGRUGH/HLWDULHJRVHQSOHQDVXESREODFLyQ
RFFLGHQWDO\HQXQDGHODV]RQDVFRQPD\RUGHQVLGDGGHRVRVGHOD&RU
GLOOHUD(QHOFRUUHGRULQWHUSREODFLRQDOH[LVWHQWUHVHVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXt
/DPiVDQWLJXDHVODHVWDFLyQGHHVTXtGH9DOJUDQGH3DMDUHVVLWXDGDHQ
HOSXHUWRGHOPLVPRQRPEUHHQHOFRQFHMRDVWXULDQRGH/HQD/DHVWD
FLyQWLHQHNPGHSLVWDSDUDHVTXtDOSLQR\NPSDUDHVTXtGHIRQGR
/DHVWDFLyQGH6DQ,VLGURLQDXJXUDGDHQVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOSXHU
WRGHPLVPRQRPEUHHQORVPXQLFLSLRVGH3XHEODGH/LOOR\9DOGHOX
JXHURV/HyQ7LHQHNPGHSLVWDSDUDHVTXtDOSLQRPiVNPGH
HVTXtGHIRQGR3RU~OWLPRODHVWDFLyQGH)XHQWHVGH,QYLHUQRHQOD
YHUWLHQWHDVWXULDQDGHOSXHUWRGH6DQ,VLGURFRQFHMRGH$OOHUHVODPiV
UHFLHQWHIXHLQDXJXUDGDHQ\HVFRQWLJXDDODGH6DQ,VLGUR/D
HVWDFLyQGHSHTXHxRWDPDxRWLHQHNPHVTXLDEOHV-XQWDVIRUPDQHO
PD\RUFRPSOHMRHVTXLDEOHGHOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
)LJXUD
(VWDFLyQGHHVTXtGH
/HLWDULHJRV/HyQ
)RWR)23
(OLPSDFWRGHOHVTXtDOSLQRQRVHUHVWULQJHDODRFXSDFLyQGHODV
SLVWDVVLQRTXHHMHUFHXQDLQIOXHQFLDVREUHXQiUHDPXFKRPD\RUHQORV
DOUHGHGRUHV/DVHVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXtVXHOHQWUDHUDVRFLDGDVHOGHVDUUROOR
GHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDVXUEDQL]DFLRQHVVHJXQGDVUHVLGHQFLDVKRWHOHVHWF
TXHFRPSRUWDQDVXYH]FDUUHWHUDV\WHQGLGRVHOpFWULFRVODSUHVHQFLDGH
JHQWHHQODPRQWDxD\ODSpUGLGDGHWUDQTXLOLGDGGHOD]RQD0XFKDV
YHFHVODSUHVHQFLDKXPDQDDVRFLDGDDHVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXtVHFRQFHQWUD
&DStWXOR $FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLR\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGRHQORVFRUUHGRUHV
HQODWHPSRUDGDLQYHUQDOSHURODVLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDVKRWHOHUDV\VHJXQGDV
UHVLGHQFLDVTXHVHFRQVWUX\HQFRQHOLPSXOVRGHOHVTXtHVWiQIXQFLRQDQ
GRGXUDQWHWRGRHODxR\SXHGHQOOHYDUPXFKDJHQWHDOPRQWHHQHVWD
FLRQHVPiVFRPSURPHWLGDVSDUDORVRVRV
$SDUWH GH ORV QXPHURVRV HVWXGLRV JHQHUDOHV VREUH ODV PROHVWLDV
KXPDQDVDORVRVRVVHKDUHDOL]DGRXQDLQYHVWLJDFLyQPX\LPSRUWDQWH
VREUHHOLPSDFWRGHODVHVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXtVREUHODHVSHFLH1HOOHPDQQ
HWDODQDOL]DURQHOXVRGHOKiELWDWGHRVRVKHPEUDV\
PDFKRVUDGLRPDUFDGRVHQ6XHFLDHQWUH\SDUDGHWHUPLQDU
HOLPSDFWRGHSREODFLRQHVKXPDQDVGHHQWUH\KDELWDQWHV
\GHGRVFHQWURVWXUtVWLFRVTXHLQFOX\HQHVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXtFRQSLFRV
GHDIOXHQFLDDILQDOHVGHLQYLHUQRPHGLDGRVGHYHUDQR\RWRxR(QKi
ELWDWVFRPSDUDEOHV²FRQXQJUDGRVLPLODUGHFREHUWXUDYHJHWDO\GHLQ
DFFHVLELOLGDG²ODLQWHQVLGDGFRQODTXHORVRVRVXVDEDQHOWHUUHQRHUD
SURSRUFLRQDODODGLVWDQFLDDODVSREODFLRQHV\ORVFHQWURVWXUtVWLFRV/RV
RVRVHYLWDQXVDUGHIRUPDLQWHQVDORVKiELWDWVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHIDYRUDEOHV
VLWXDGRVHQXQUDGLRGHNPGHODVSREODFLRQHV\FHQWURVWXUtVWLFRV
/DVWUHVFXDUWDVSDUWHVGHODVORFDOL]DFLRQHVGHODVKHPEUDVVHFRQFHQ
WUDEDQVRORHQXQWHUFLRGHOWHUUHQRFDOLILFDGRFRPRDFFLGHQWDGR\ORFD
OL]DGRDPiVGHNPGHFXDOTXLHUSREODFLyQRFHQWURWXUtVWLFR/RV
RVRVTXHYLYLHURQDPHQRVGHNPGHWDOHVDVHQWDPLHQWRVHUDQEDVWDQ
WHPiVMyYHQHVTXHORVTXHYLYtDQOHMRVODHGDGPHGLDGHORVPDFKRV\
ODVKHPEUDVTXHYLYLHURQHQORVNPGHLQIOXHQFLDGHOiUHDKXPDQL]D
GDHUDVRORGHDxRVPLHQWUDVTXHODHGDGPHGLDGHORVTXHYLYLHURQ
DPiVGHNPHUDGHDxRVSDUDORVPDFKRV\SDUDODVKHPEUDV
'HKHFKRORVVXEDGXOWRVRVRVPHQRUHVGHDxRVFRQVWLWXtDQPiVGH
ODPLWDGGHORVHMHPSODUHVTXHYLYtDQHQHVWD]RQDGHLQIOXHQFLDKXPD
QD\ODPD\RUtDGHHOORVHUDQSUREDEOHPHQWHGLVSHUVDQWHVTXHVHHQFRQ
WUDEDQHQIDVHGHH[SORUDFLyQ(VWDViUHDVSRUHOFRQWUDULRFRQWHQtDQ
VyORHOGHORVPDFKRVPD\RUHVGHDxRVHQSOHQLWXGUHSURGXFWRUD
HVWDQGRHOUHVWDQWHDPiVGHNPGHODV]RQDVKXPDQL]DGDV(VWH
HVWXGLRGHVYHODPXFKRVGHWDOOHVVREUHODIRUPDHQTXHORVRVRVHYLWDQOD
SUHVHQFLDKXPDQD
/DVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVFLWDGDVLQGLFDQHOJUDYHLPSDFWRTXHODVHVWD
FLRQHVGHHVTXtWLHQHQSDUDORVRVRV(VWHLPSDFWRGHSHQGHUiGHOWDPDxR
GHODHVWDFLyQ\GHVXXELFDFLyQ/DVHVWDFLRQHVTXHKHPRVPHQFLRQDGR
HQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFDVRQHQJHQHUDOGHHVFDVRWDPDxRDXQTXH
DOJXQDVKDQH[SHULPHQWDGRDPSOLDFLRQHVUHFLHQWHV\WRGDVXVDQRSUH
YpQXVDUFDxRQHVGHQLHYHSDUDDPSOLDUHOSHULRGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
(QSULQFLSLRORPHMRUSDUDORVRVRVVHUtDTXHQRH[LVWLHUDQHVWDFLR
QHVGHHVTXtHQVXiUHDGHGLVWULEXFLyQDFWXDOQLHQORFRUUHGRUHVGRQGH
VHGHVHHVXSUHVHQFLDHQHOIXWXUR(QWDOVHQWLGRKDKDELGRXQDDPSOLD
XQDQLPLGDGFLHQWtILFDHQFRQWUDGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODHVWDFLyQHVTXt
GH6DQ*ORULRSUR\HFWDGDHQHOiUHDGHODVXESREODFLyQRULHQWDO3RU
WDQWR OD SULPHUD UHFRPHQGDFLyQ HV HYLWDU OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH QXHYDV
HVWDFLRQHVGHHVTXtHQHOiUHDGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHORVRWDQWRHQODDFWXDO
0DQXDOGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODJHVWLyQGHFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
FRPRHQODSRWHQFLDO(QHOFDVRGHODVHVWDFLRQHV\DFRQVWUXLGDVHV
LPSRUWDQWHQRDPSOLDUODV\HYLWDUODGHVHVWDFLRQDOL]DFLyQHVGHFLUQR
SURPRYHUODDIOXHQFLDWXUtVWLFDPDVLYDIXHUDGHOLQYLHUQR\DTXHHOORVt
WHQGUtDUHSHUFXVLRQHVVREUHORVRVRV(VWRVHGHEHDSOLFDUGHIRUPDSDU
WLFXODUDODHVWDFLyQGH/HLWDULHJRVHQHOFRUD]yQGHODVXESREODFLyQ
RFFLGHQWDODXQTXHDOHVWDUURGHDGDGH]RQDVFULWLFDVFRQUHVWULFFLRQHV
SDUDHOWXULVPRWDOSRVLELOLGDGHVUHPRWD
'DGRHOLPSDFWRTXHSXHGHWHQHUHQHOFRUUHGRULQWHUSREODFLRQDOHO
FRPSOHMRIRUPDGRSRUODHVWDFLyQGH6DQ,VLGUR\ODFRQWLJXDHVWDFLyQ
GH)XHQWHVGH,QYLHUQRHVLPSRUWDQWHIRPHQWDUPHGLGDVFRPSHQVDWR
ULDV\GHUHVWDXUDFLyQGHOKiELWDWHQVXVSUR[LPLGDGHVFRQHOREMHWRGH
RIUHFHUDORVRVRVTXHLQWHQWHQDWUDYHVDUHOFRUUHGRUQXHYDVSRVLELOLGD
GHVTXHFRQWUDUUHVWHQODSpUGLGDGHKiELWDWFDXVDGDSRUHVWDVGRVHVWD
FLRQHV
(OWXULVPRGHPRQWDxD\QDWXUDOH]D
(O WXULVPR GH QDWXUDOH]D VHQGHULVPR H[FXUVLRQLVPR PRQWDxLV
PRREVHUYDFLyQGHIDXQDHWFVHKDUHDOL]DGRGHVGHKDFHPXFKDVGp
FDGDVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFDDXQTXHHOQ~PHURGHXVXDULRVVLJXH
FUHFLHQGR\HQORV~OWLPRVDxRVWUDVODSUROLIHUDFLyQGHODVHPSUHVDVGH
RFLRDFWLYRSXHGHFRQOOHYDUXQDFFHVRPDVLYRDFLHUWRVOXJDUHVHQGH
WHUPLQDGDVpSRFDVGHODxR(QSULQFLSLRHOWXULVPRGHQDWXUDOH]DQRHV
LQFRPSDWLEOHFRQODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRDXQTXHHVWDHVSHFLHDYHFHV
HMHUFHXQDWUDFWLYRWDQJUDQGHVREUHHOS~EOLFRTXHSXHGHFDQDOL]DUDO
JXQDVDFWLYLGDGHVGHRFLRKDFLDORVPHMRUHV]RQDVRVHUDVORTXHH[LJH
FLHUWDUHJXODFLyQHQHOiPELWRGHORVSDUTXHVQDWXUDOHVFRPR\DRFXUUH
HQPXFKRVOXJDUHVGHOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
)LJXUD
(OVHQGHULVPR
HVSHUIHFWDPHQWH
FRPSDWLEOHFRQOD
FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVR
VLHPSUH\FXDQGR
QRVHSUDFWLTXHHQ
iUHDVRHQPRPHQWRV
FUtWLFRVSDUDOD
HVSHFLH)RWR)23
&DStWXOR $FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLR\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGRHQORVFRUUHGRUHV
(OFUHFLHQWHWXULVPRGHREVHUYDFLyQGHRVRVQRUHVXOWDHQSULQFLSLR
LQFRPSDWLEOHFRQODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHODHVSHFLHSHURLQGXGDEOHPHQWH
WLHQHWDQWRVPDWLFHV\HQHOIXWXURSRGUtDFUHFHUGHWDOPDQHUDTXHH[LJH
XQDSODQLILFDFLyQFXLGDGRVD\FRQVHQVXDGDHQWUHORVGLVWLQWRVVHFWRUHV
(OWXULVPRGHREVHUYDFLyQGHRVRVSXHGHSURPRYHUHOGHVDUUROORUXUDO
HQ]RQDVGHSULPLGDVSRQHUDORVKDELWDQWHVUXUDOHVDIDYRUGHODHVSHFLH
\FRQFLHQFLDUVREUHODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRDORVTXHUHDOL]DQHVWHWLSR
GHWXULVPR\DODVSHUVRQDVGHVXHQWRUQR6LQHPEDUJRXQWXULVPRPDO
HQIRFDGRRHUUyQHDPHQWHUHJXODGRSRGUtDSURGXFLUPROHVWLDVDORVRVRV
ORTXHVHUtDHVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHQHOFDVRGHODVRVDVFRQFUtDV
TXHFRQVWLWX\HHOVHJPHQWRGHPRJUiILFRPiVIiFLOGHREVHUYDUDFDXVD
GHVXILGHOLGDGDOWHUULWRULRVXVPRYLPLHQWRVUHVWULQJLGRV\VXFRPSRU
WDPLHQWRPiVGLXUQR3DORPHURHWDOE$VLPLVPRHOWXULVPRHQ
JHQHUDO\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHREVHUYDFLyQGHRVRVHQSDUWLFXODUSRGUtDQ
SURGXFLUXQDFLHUWDKDELWXDFLyQKDFLDORVKXPDQRVSRUSDUWHGHORVRVRV
TXHDFDEDUtDKDFLpQGRORVPiVSHOLJURVRV+HUUHURHWDO
)LJXUD
2EVHUYDGRUHVGHRVRV
HQXQPLUDGRUGHO
3DUTXH1DWXUDOGH
6RPLHGR$VWXULDV
)RWR)23
(QHOFDVRGHOFRUUHGRUGH/HLWDULHJRVJUDQSDUWHGHOWHUULWRULRHVWi
RFXSDGRSRUiUHDVFUtWLFDVSDUDHORVRTXHHVWiQUHVWULQJLGDVDODVDFWL
YLGDGHVGHRFLRORTXHHQSULQFLSLRUHVXHOYHORVSUREOHPDVHQWUHWXULV
WDV\RVRVHQHVWD]RQDGRQGHORVVHJXQGRVDOFDQ]DQHOHYDGDVGHQVLGD
GHV3RURWUDSDUWHHQHOFRUUHGRULQWHUSREODFLRQDOODSUHVHQFLDGHORVR
HVWDQHVFDVDTXHHVSRFRSUREDEOHTXHVHSURGX]FDQLQWHUDFFLRQHVHQWUH
RVRV\WXULVWDV3HURVLHQHOIXWXURDXPHQWDQORVRVRVORVSUREOHPDV
GHEHUtDQDIURQWDUVHFRPRHQPXFKRVSDUTXHVQDWXUDOHVGHOD&RUGLOOHUD
&DQWiEULFDSRUHMHPSORHO3DUTXH1DWXUDOGH6RPLHGRHQ$VWXULDVHV
GHFLUPHGLDQWHXQD]RQLILFDFLyQTXHUHVWULQMDODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHRFLRHQ
ORVOXJDUHVGRQGHSXHGDQUHVXOWDUPiVSHUMXGLFLDOHVSDUDORVRVRV(VWD
0DQXDOGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODJHVWLyQGHFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
]RQLILFDFLyQHVHQSULQFLSLRODPHMRUIRUPDGHDIURQWDUHOSUREOHPDHQ
WRGDHOiUHDGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHORVRHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
'HEHWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDTXHHORVRHVXQDH[FHOHQWHPDUFDGHFDOL
GDGTXHUHIOHMDQDWXUDOH]DGHFDOLGDG\HQPXFKRVOXJDUHVVHXWLOL]D
FRPR LPDJHQ GH XQ HVSDFLR R WHUULWRULR SDUD DWUDHU YLVLWDQWHV R SDUD
YHQGHUSURGXFWRVUHDOL]DGRVHQiUHDVRVHUDV(VWHKHFKRHVOHJtWLPRH
LQFOXVRGHVHDEOHSDUDTXHORVKDELWDQWHVGHHVWDV]RQDVRVHUDVYHDQHQ
SRVLWLYRDORVRVRV\SXHGHVHUXQDEXHQDKHUUDPLHQWDHQSURJUDPDVGH
GHVDUUROORUXUDOSHURH[LJHXQDFXLGDGD\HVWULFWDUHJXODFLyQGHXVRV\
]RQDVSDUDHYLWDUDIHFFLRQHVDODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHODHVSHFLHRFRQIOLFWRV
HQWUHKXPDQRV\RVRV
/DDFWLYLGDGFLQHJpWLFD
(O RVR SDUGR HV XQD HVSHFLH HVWULFWDPHQWH SURWHJLGD HQ (VSDxD
FX\DFD]DHVWiSURKLELGDGHVGH3RUWDQWRFXDQGRKDEODPRVGH
FD]D\RVRQRVUHIHULPRVDODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVHQWUHORVRVRV\ODDFWLYLGDG
FLQHJpWLFDTXHVHUHDOL]DHQORVPRQWHVRVHURVeVWDHVHQJHQHUDOFD]D
PD\RUQRUPDOPHQWHGHMDEDOtSHURWDPELpQGHRWURVXQJXODGRVFRPR
FLHUYRVFRU]RVUHEHFRVHWF
/DVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHFD]D\RVRDIHFWDQWDQWRDORVFD]DGRUHVFRPR
D ORV RVRV /D FD]D HQ ORV PRQWHV RVHURV SXHGH WHQHU FRQVHFXHQFLDV
QHJDWLYDVSDUDHORVRVLOHFDXVDPROHVWLDVTXHLQWHUILHUDQFRQVXYLGD
QRUPDOSHURWDPELpQSXHGHVHUSRVLWLYDVLUHGXFHODGHQVLGDGGHMDED
OtHV²TXHSXHGHQFRPSHWLUFRQHORVRSRUHODOLPHQWR²RVLODFD]DGHMD
HQ HO PRQWH FDUURxDV GH XQJXODGRV TXH SXHGHQ VHU XQ EXHQ UHFXUVR
WUyILFRSDUDORVRVRV
<ORPLVPRRFXUUHFRQORVFD]DGRUHV3DUDODPD\RUtDGHHOORVHV
XQHQRUPHSULYLOHJLRFD]DUHQORVPRQWHVRVHURVTXHFRQVHUYDQHOPLV
WHULR\ODSXUH]DTXH\DKDSHUGLGRODPD\RUSDUWHGHODQDWXUDOH]DHX
URSHD3HURWDPELpQKD\FD]DGRUHVTXHSXHGHQVHQWLUVHDPHQD]DGRVR
SHUMXGLFDGRVSRUODSUHVHQFLDGHORVR3DUDDIURQWDUORVUHWRVTXHSODQWHD
ODFD]DHQ]RQDVRVHUDVFD]DGRUHV\FRQVHUYDFLRQLVWDVGHEHQLUGHOD
PDQR/DYLHMDGLDOpFWLFDTXHHQIUHQWDDXQRV\RWURVHVXQDQDFURQLVPR
GHOSDVDGR
(O FRUUHGRU GH /HLWDULHJRV IRUPD SDUWH GHO iUHD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ
HVWDEOHGHORVR\DOOtODHVSHFLHVHUHSURGXFH\VXSUHVHQFLDHVKDELWXDO
6LQ HPEDUJR HQ HO FRUUHGRU LQWHUSREODFLRQDO OD SUHVHQFLD GHO RVR HV
PXFKRPiVUDUD\HVSRUiGLFD\KDFHGpFDGDVTXHQRVHGHWHFWDUHSUR
GXFFLyQ(QPXFKRVFDVRVHVWRHVDVtSRUTXHHOKiELWDWHVGHPHQRU
FDOLGDG\WLHQHPHQRUSRUFHQWDMHGHiUHDVGHUHIXJLRERVTXHRPDWRUUDO
GLVSRQLEOHSDUDORVRVRV(QHVWHFDVRORVPHMRUHVHVFHQDULRVGHFD]D
PD\RU\ODV]RQDVGHSUHVHQFLDGHRVRSXHGHQFRLQFLGLUGHIRUPDSHOL
JURVD /D UDUH]D GHO RVR HQ HO FRUUHGRU R HQ RWUDV iUHDV GH SUHVHQFLD
&DStWXOR $FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLR\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGRHQORVFRUUHGRUHV
RFDVLRQDOSXHGHKDFHUTXHORVFD]DGRUHVQRHVSHUHQHQFRQWUDURVRVDOOt
RQRHVWpQDFRVWXPEUDGRVDGHWHFWDUVXVLQGLFLRVORTXHDXPHQWDODV
SUREDELOLGDGHVGHTXHVHSURGX]FDQVRUSUHVDV3RUWDOUD]yQHVHVSH
FLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHTXHIOX\DODLQIRUPDFLyQHQWUHJHVWRUHV\ORViP
ELWRVFRQVHUYDFLRQLVWDV\FLQHJpWLFRV\TXHVHIDFLOLWHHOPi[LPRFRQR
FLPLHQWRSRUSDUWHGHORVFROHFWLYRVFD]DGRUHVGHODVLWXDFLyQGHORVR
VXVQHFHVLGDGHV\SUREOHPDVODIRUPDGHGHWHFWDUORV\ORVFRPSRUWD
PLHQWRVUHFRPHQGDGRVDQWHVXREVHUYDFLyQ
)LJXUD
(QWUHHOUDPDMH\
ODPDOH]DORVRVRV
SXHGHQFRQIXQGLUVH
IiFLOPHQWH
FRQMDEDOtHV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHORV
RVRVVXEDGXOWRVSRU
VXPHQRUWDPDxR
)RWR/XLV)HUQiQGH]
)23
/DFD]DHQEDWLGDHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFDVHOOHYDDFDERVREUH
WRGRHQRWRxRHLQYLHUQR(OMDEDOtTXHHVODSLH]DGHFD]DPD\RUPiV
FRP~QVHVXHOHFD]DUHQEDWLGDVRHQJDQFKRVHQODVTXHFRQIUHFXHQFLD
LQWHUYLHQHQWDPELpQSHUURV/DEDWLGDXQDPRGDOLGDGGHFD]DWUDGLFLR
QDOPX\DUUDLJDGDHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFDHVXQDKHUUDPLHQWDDGH
FXDGDGHFRQWUROGHODVSREODFLRQHVGHMDEDOtDGHPiVGHVXHYLGHQWH
LQWHUpVVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFRHQHQWRUQRVUXUDOHVFDGDYH]PiVGHVSREOD
GRV3HURHVFLHUWRTXHVXGHVDUUROORFRQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHQXPHURVRV
FD]DGRUHV RMHDGRUHV \ SHUURV SXHGH LQWHUIHULU PiV FRQ HO RVR \ RWUD
IDXQDVLOYHVWUHTXHODVROLWDULD\GLVFUHWDFD]DDOUHFHFKR\SXHGHSUR
YRFDUHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHORVRVRVTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQHQOD]RQDDEDWLU
(QHOVHJXLPLHQWRGHXQJUXSRIDPLOLDU1DYHVHWDOGHWHFWDURQ
HQFLQFRRFDVLRQHVDFWLYLGDGHVKXPDQDVFRQFUHWDVTXHDSDUHQWHPHQWH
FDXVDURQHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHORVRVRV\XQDGHHOODVHVWXYRGLUHFWD
PHQWHUHODFLRQDGDFRQODFD]D/RVDXWRUHVGHVFULEHQTXHODIDPLOLDGH
0DQXDOGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODJHVWLyQGHFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
RVRVGHVSXpVGHRtUFLQFRGLVSDURVHQXQDEDWLGDGHMDEDOtDNPGH
GLVWDQFLDVHIXHDRWURYDOOHVLWXDGRDPHWURVGHGLVWDQFLDHQXQD
KXLGDTXHGXUyPLQXWRV
&RQRFHUHOKiELWDWGHORVRVREUHWRGRHQRWRxRHLQYLHUQRHVLPSRU
WDQWH SDUD SUHYHQLU SUREOHPDV (O RVR FDQWiEULFR QHFHVLWD iUHDV PX\
H[WHQVDVSDUDHQFRQWUDUDOLPHQWR\UHIXJLR$XQTXHH[SORWDFDVLWRGRV
ORVKiELWDWVGHODPRQWDxDFDQWiEULFDVXPHGLRSUHIHULGRVRQORVERV
TXHVFDGXFLIROLRVSXURVRPL[WRVGHUREOHVKD\DVDEHGXOHVVHUEDOHV\
RWUDVHVSHFLHV/RVUREOHGDOHVGHUHEROORRGHUREOHDOEDUDOVHUORVERV
TXHVFDQWiEULFRVTXHPiVDOLPHQWRSURGXFHQVRQIXQGDPHQWDOHVSDUDHO
RVRHQHOSHULRGRGHKLSHUIDJLDRWRxDO²TXHOHSHUPLWHDFXPXODUJUDVDV
SDUDODKLEHUQDFLyQ²\HQLQYLHUQR7DPELpQKD\HGRVHQFLQDUHVRFDV
WDxHGRV VRQ IUHFXHQWDGRV SRU ORV RVRV HQ HVWD pSRFD /RV KD\HGRV \
UREOHGDOHVVRQYHFHURVHVGHFLUPXHVWUDQIOXFWXDFLRQHVDQXDOHVHQOD
SURGXFFLyQGHIUXWRV\PXFKRVDxRVODSURGXFFLyQGHEHOORWDVRKD\X
FRV UHVXOWD DEXQGDQWH HQ GHWHUPLQDGRV YDOOHV PLHQWUDV TXH IDOOD HQ
RWURV(QHVWDVRFDVLRQHVWDQWRORVMDEDOtHVFRPRORVRVRVVHFRQFHQWUDQ
HQ]RQDVPX\SHTXHxDVORTXHSXHGHDFUHFHQWDUORVSUREOHPDVHQWUHOD
FD]D\HORVR
(QPXFKDVFDFHUtDVGRQGHVDOHHORVRDOJXQRVFD]DGRUHVFRQILH
VDQKDEHUORFRQIXQGLGRFRQXQMDEDOt<HVTXHHQODWHQVLyQGHODED
WLGDODVLOXHWDGHXQDQLPDOFRUSXOHQWR\RVFXURGLIXPLQDGDHQWUHHO
PDWRUUDOSXHGHGHVDWDUHQHOFD]DGRUHOLQVWLQWRGHGLVSDUDUVXSRQLHQ
GRTXHVHWUDWDGHXQMDEDOtVRORSRUTXHHVODSLH]DTXHVHVXHOHFD]DU
HQHVWDVEDWLGDV1RKD\HUURUPiVJUDYHHQXQFD]DGRUTXHGLVSDUDUVLQ
KDEHULGHQWLILFDGRODSLH]DFRQVHJXULGDGDVtVHSURGXFHQODPD\RUtD
GHORVDFFLGHQWHVGHFD]DHQORVTXHSXHGHQPRULUWDQWRSHUVRQDVFRPR
RVRV/DFRQIXVLyQSXHGHVHUPiVIUHFXHQWHHQ]RQDVGRQGHHORVRHV
UDUR ²FRPR RFXUUH HQ HO FRUUHGRU LQWHUSREODFLRQDO² SHUR VH SXHGH
SURGXFLUWDPELpQHQORVFD]DGRUHVORFDOHVPiVKDELWXDGRVDFRQYLYLU
FRQDPEDVHVSHFLHV,QFOXVRORVPiVDYH]DGRVHVWXGLRVRVGHORVRGX
GDQFXDQGRODYLVLELOLGDGODGLVWDQFLDRODPDOH]DGLILFXOWDQODREVHU
YDFLyQ3DUDHVWRVFDVRVVHKDSRSXODUL]DGRHOWpUPLQRMDEDORVRTXH
H[SUHVDODGLILFXOWDGTXHHQWUDxDODLGHQWLILFDFLyQHQFRQGLFLRQHVGLIt
FLOHV'DGDODIDFLOLGDGGHFRQIXQGLUXQMDEDOtFRQXQRVRDQWHODSUH
VHQFLD GH XQ HMHPSODU GXGRVR ²GH XQ MDEDORVR² WRGR FD]DGRU GHEH
DEVWHQHUVHGHGLVSDUDU
(VPiVUDURTXHVHSURGX]FDQLQFLGHQWHVFXDQGRVHLGHQWLILFDELHQ
ODSUHVHQFLDGHXQRVR$~QDVtHQWUHVRFDVLRQHVFRQRFLGDVXQDHQOD
&RUGLOOHUD &DQWiEULFD \ GRV HQ ORV 3LULQHRV IUDQFHVHV XQ FD]DGRU KD
PDWDGRXQRVRHQXQDFDFHUtDDOHJDQGRGHIHQVDSURSLDDXQTXHHQQLQ
JXQRGHHOORVVHSURGXMRFRQWDFWRItVLFRHQWUHHORVR\ORVFD]DGRUHV
$GHPiVGHHVWRVFDVRVFRPSUREDGRVGHRVRVGLVSDUDGRVSRUFD]DGRUHV
TXL]iH[LVWHQPiVTXHQRKDQVLGRFRQVWDWDGRV3RUHMHPSORXQDGHODV
RVDVHVORYHQDVOLEHUDGDHQHQHO3LULQHRIUDQFpVPXULyDWURSHOODGD
&DStWXOR $FWLYLGDGHVGHRFLR\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVRSDUGRHQORVFRUUHGRUHV
)LJXUD
0RQWHURVFDQWiEULFRV
FRQVXVSHUURVGH
UDVWURDWUDLOODGRV
GXUDQWHXQDEDWLGDGH
MDEDOt
)RWR-RVp/XLV
%HQLWR
HQ\VXQHFURSVLDUHYHOyTXHKDEtDVLGRGLVSDUDGDHQDOJ~QPR
PHQWR\DTXHWHQtDGHFHQDVGHSHUGLJRQHVHQVXFXHUSR
3DUDUHGXFLUODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVHQWUHRVRV\FD]DGRUHVORSULPHURHV
VHUFRQVFLHQWHGHODSUHVHQFLDGHORVRSDUDSRGHUHYLWDUHQORSRVLEOHORV
HQFXHQWURV(VIXQGDPHQWDOHODERUDU\GLYXOJDUXQSURWRFRORSDUDFD]D
GRUHVHQ]RQDVRVHUDVTXHJDUDQWLFHQODVHJXULGDGGHOFD]DGRU\ODVH
JXULGDGGHORVRLQFOX\HQGRUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVVREUHODDFWLWXGDDGRSWDU
DQWHHQFXHQWURVRSUHVHQFLDGHODHVSHFLHFRQHOILQGHHYLWDUPXHUWHV
DFFLGHQWDOHVGHRVRVRULHVJRVHQHOWUDQVFXUVRGHODSUiFWLFDFLQHJpWLFD
$OJXQDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVEiVLFDVSDUDFRPSDWLELOL]DUFD]D\RVRTXHVH
KDQ FRQVHQVXDGR HQ UHXQLRQHV HQWUH DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV VRFLHGDGHV GH
FD]DGRUHV\OD)XQGDFLyQ2VR3DUGR)23VRQODVVLJXLHQWHV
‡ 1RVHGHEHFD]DUHQiUHDVFRQSUHVHQFLDGHRVHUDVLQYHUQDOHVD
SDUWLUGHOGHGLFLHPEUH
‡ /DSUHVHQFLDGHRVDVFRQFUtDVHQOD]RQDSUHYLVWDGHXQDFDFHUtD
KDFHUHFRPHQGDEOHHOWUDVODGRGHODEDWLGDGHOXJDURIHFKD
‡ /RVSHUURVGHMDEDOtTXHSDUWLFLSHQHQEDWLGDVHQODViUHDVRVHUDV
GHEHQVHUSHUURVGHUDVWUR\PDQHMDUVHDWUDLOODGRVRDPDUUDGRV
KDVWDHOGHVHQFDPHRHOKDOOD]JRGHUDVWURVIUHVFRV
‡ +D\TXHSURPRYHUHOXVRGHHPLVRUDVSDUDUHGXFLUORVFRQIOLFWRV
DVRFLDGRVDRVRVOHYDQWDGRVHQEDWLGDV
0DQXDOGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODJHVWLyQGHFRUUHGRUHVRVHURVHQOD&RUGLOOHUD&DQWiEULFD
‡ (V HVHQFLDO TXH ORV FD]DGRUHV SDUWLFLSHQ HQ OD IRUPXODFLyQ \
FRQR]FDQODVUHJXODFLRQHVFLQHJpWLFDVUHODWLYDVDODFRQVHUYDFLyQ
GHORVR
‡ 6HGHEHWHQHUXQEXHQFRQRFLPLHQWREDVDGRHQSURVSHFFLRQHVGH
FDPSRHQpSRFDGHFD]DSDUDTXHODSUHVHQFLDGHRVRVQRSDVH
LQDGYHUWLGD
0XFKDVGHHVWDVPHGLGDV\DVHHVWiQSUDFWLFDQGRHQEXHQDSDUWHGH
ODVFRPXQLGDGHVDXWyQRPDVFDQWiEULFDVVLQTXHVXSRQJDQXQSUREOHPD
SDUDORVFD]DGRUHV