Cap 30- Regulación epigenética de la respuesta adaptativa

Anuncio
Impactos y Vulnerabilidad
M.A. Guevara1,2*, C. Díaz-Sala3, M.T. Cervera1,2
1
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*
30
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Regulación epigenética de la respuesta adaptativa
al cambio climático de las especies vegetales
Resultados clave
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FRPSRQHQWHJHQpWLFRODYDULDFLyQHSLJHQpWLFDFRQWULEX\H
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KHUHGDEOHV\UHYHUVLEOHVSHUPLWHQXQDUiSLGDDGDSWDFLyQ
GH OD SODQWD D QXHYDV FRQGLFLRQHV DPELHQWDOHV VLQ
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Contexto
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Castanea sativaFXDQGRODVFRQGLFLRQHVVRQIDYRUDEOHV
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Caracteres funcionales: FDUDFWHUHVFXDQWLWDWLYRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHO¿WQHVV\p[LWRGHOLQGLYLGXRHQXQGHWHUPL
QDGRDPELHQWH
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GHO$'1\TXHVRQSRWHQFLDOPHQWHUHYHUVLEOHV
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HSLJHQpWLFDV(VWDVGLIHUHQFLDVHSLJHQpWLFDVVXHOHQHVWDUDVRFLDGDVDGLIHUHQFLDVHQODH[SUHVLyQGHORVHSLDOHORV
)LWQHVV: PHGLGDGHOp[LWRUHSURGXFWLYRGHXQLQGLYLGXR
Plasticidad fenotípica: UDQJRGHIHQRWLSRVTXHXQJHQRWLSRSXHGHH[SUHVDUFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHVXLQWHUDFFLyQ
FRQHODPELHQWH
Resultados y Discusión
9DULDELOLGDG HSLJHQpWLFD HQ SREODFLRQHV QDWXUDOHV
3ODVWLFLGDGIHQRWtSLFD
/RV DYDQFHV UHFLHQWHV HQ HO iPELWR GH OD
HSLJHQpWLFDYHJHWDOKDQDSRUWDGRGDWRVVREUHODUHJXODFLyQ
PHGLDQWH PHFDQLVPRV HSLJHQpWLFRV GH OD YDULDFLyQ
IHQRWtSLFD HQ SREODFLRQHV QDWXUDOHV 'H WRGRV ORV
PHFDQLVPRV LQYROXFUDGRV HQ OD PDTXLQDULD HSLJHQpWLFD
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HVWXGLDGR HQ OD UHJXODFLyQ GH OD YDULDELOLGDG IHQRWtSLFD
HQSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHV5REHUWVRQ:ROI=DQJ
HWDO
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YDULDFLyQIHQRWtSLFD\DGDSWDFLyQDIDFWRUHVDPELHQWDOHV
KDVLGRHVWXGLDGDHQYLROHWD\RUTXtGHD+HUUHUD%D]DJD
3DXQHWDO(VWRVHVWXGLRVKDQGHPRVWUDGR
XQD YDULDFLyQ IHQRWtSLFD DGDSWDWLYD PHGLDGD SRU XQD
FRRUGLQDFLyQ GH PHFDQLVPRV JHQpWLFRV \ HSLJHQpWLFRV
TXH UHJXODQ SURFHVRV DGDSWDWLYRV \ HYROXWLYRV \ TXH
UHVXOWDQHQXQDGLYHUVLGDGIHQRWtSLFDQDWXUDOTXHDIHFWD
D QXPHURVRV SURFHVRV GH GHVDUUROOR \ GH UHVSXHVWD D
FRQGLFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVFDPELDQWHV
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ODYDULDFLyQIHQRWtSLFDTXHDIHFWDDODPRUIRORJtDÀRUDO\DO
WLHPSRGHÀRUDFLyQVHKDGHVFULWRHQJHQHVTXHFRQWURODQ
ODH[SUHVLyQGHHVWRVFDUDFWHUHVHQHVSHFLHVFRPRLinaria
vulgaris Arabidopsis thaliana R Solanum ruiz-lealii D
QLYHOLQGLYLGXDO\DQLYHOGHHFRWLSRV&XEDVHWDO
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HVWXGLRVPiVDYDQ]DGRVHQHVWHFDPSRHVODUHJXODFLyQ
SRU PHFDQLVPRV HSLJHQpWLFRV GH OD H[SUHVLyQ GHO JHQ
FLOWERING LOCUS C FLC TXH FRQWUROD HO WLHPSR
GHÀRUDFLyQWDO\FRPRVHVHxDOyHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRU
$GHPiV VH KDQ GHVFULWR DVRFLDFLRQHV HQWUH OD YDULDFLyQ
GHHVWRVJHQHV\ODODWLWXGWHPSHUDWXUD\SUHFLSLWDFLRQHV
TXH VXJLHUHQ TXH OD LQÀXHQFLD GH HVWRV IDFWRUHV VREUH
HOFRQWUROHSLJHQpWLFRGHORVJHQHVLQYROXFUDGRVSRGUtD
VHULPSRUWDQWHHQODDGDSWDFLyQGHLQGLYLGXRVRHFRWLSRV
FRQFUHWRV D YDULDFLRQHV HVWDFLRQDOHV \ VLWXDFLRQHV
DPELHQWHV FDPELDQWHV D QLYHO ORFDO 0HQGH]9LJR HW
DO (Q WRGRV HVWRV FDVRV VH KD GHPRVWUDGR XQD
FRUUHODFLyQHQWUHFDPELRVHQHOPRGHORGHODPHWLODFLyQ
GHO'1$\ORVFDPELRVHQODH[SUHVLyQGHORVFDUDFWHUHV
VLQH[LVWLUYDULDFLyQHQODVHFXHQFLDQXFOHRWtGLFDORTXH
SXHGH LQGLFDU TXH HO FRQWURO GH OD H[SUHVLyQ GH HVWRV
FDUDFWHUHV SXGLHUD WHQHU XQ FRPSRQHQWH HSLJHQpWLFR
LQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODYDULDFLyQJHQpWLFD(VWHFRPSRQHQWH
HSLJHQpWLFRHVWDUtDPHGLDGRSRUODSUHVHQFLDGHHSLDOHORV
Figura 1
Figura 1. (VTXHPDVLPSOLÀFDGRGHFyPRODYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFD\HSLJHQpWLFDGHODVHVSHFLHVYHJHWDOHVFRQWULEX\HQDVXYDULDELOLGDGIHQRWtSLFD
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PRGL¿FDFLRQHV HSLJHQpWLFDV /D SUHVHQFLD GH HSLDOHORV
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PRVWUDURQ XQD JUDQ GLYHUJHQFLD HQ ORV SHU¿OHV GH
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WDPELpQ SXHGHQ LQGXFLU FDPELRV VLJQL¿FDWLYRV HQ ODV
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FRQGLFLRQHV %UXFH HW DO 6FRYLOOH HW DO (Q HVWH VHQWLGR WDQWR HO IHQRWLSR HVWUHVDGR FRPR ORV
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RI¿FLQDOH 9HUKRHYHQ HW DO (O DQiOLVLV GH OtQHDV
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GH DFHWLODFLyQ GH KLVWRQDV HVSHFt¿FDV VH DVRFLDURQ D
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PRGL¿FDFLRQHV HSLJHQpWLFDV WDPELpQ KD VLGR REVHUYDGD
HQ OD UHVSXHVWD IHQROyJLFD GH SOiQWXODV GHVDUUROODGDV
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GHVFULWR XQD PHPRULD HSLJHQpWLFD GHSHQGLHQWH GH OD
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\ TXH LQÀXHQFLD HO WLHPSR GH DSHUWXUD GH \HPDV HQ
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FRPRFDPELRVVLJQL¿FDWLYRVGHH[SUHVLyQJpQLFDHQFDGD
HWDSD<DNRYOHYHWDO(QPinus pineaXQDHVSHFLH
FRQHVFDVDYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFDVHKDQGHWHFWDGRDOWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV GH YDULDFLyQ HQ ORV QLYHOHV GH PHWLODFLyQ
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VHU DPELHQWDO JHQpWLFR R LQGHSHQGLHQWH GH DPERV 3RU
FRQVLJXLHQWH ORV FDUDFWHUHV HSLJHQpWLFRV SXHGHQ YHUVH
VRPHWLGRV D SURFHVRV VHOHFWLYRV D WUDYpV GH JHQHV TXH
FRQWURODQODYDULDFLyQHSLJHQpWLFDGHOFDUiFWHURDWUDYpV
GH HSLDOHORV TXH VH KHUHGDQ 5REHUWVRQ :ROI $VLPLVPRODVHSLPXWDFLRQHVDOD]DU\ODHVWDELOLGDGGH
ORV HSLDOHORV VRQ IDFWRUHV D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD GXUDQWH OD
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